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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  institut  Canadian  de  microraprod;ictions  historiquas 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Instltuta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


□    Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I      I    Covara  damagad/ 


D 


■J 


D 
D 
D 

n 


n 


GZ! 


Couvartura  andommagia 


Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurte  at/ou  palliculte 


I — I   Covar  titia  miaaing/ 


La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

Colourad  mapa/ 

Cartaa  gAographiquas  w\  coulaur 


Coloured  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuatrationa/ 
Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  material/ 
RaliA  avac  d'autrea  documantc 

Tight  binding  may  cauae  ahadowa  or  diatortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  Mure  aerrie  peut  cauaar  da  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
diatortion  la  long  de  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  poaaible.  theae 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  p(*ut  que  certaines  (Migaa  blanchea  ajoutiea 
lors  d'une  reatauration  apparaissent  dana  is  taxte. 
mais,  lorsqua  cela  Atait  poaaible,  cea  pagea  n'ont 
paa  kxh  filmAaa. 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires: 


Irregular  pagination 
12]  p. 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm*  la  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  kxh  possible  de  se  procurer.  Las  details 
dp  cat  axemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vup  bibliotj  raphique,  qui  pauvent  modifier 
una  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modification  dana  la  mithoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-deaaous. 


The 
tot 


r~n   Coloured  pagea/ 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagAas 

Pages  rttstorad  and/oi 

Pages  reataurias  et/ou  pellicuiies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dicolories,  tachet^es  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tachies 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  inAgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materit 
Comprand  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  6dition  disponible 


r*~|  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  rttstorad  and/or  laminated/ 

V~/\  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

r^  Pages  detached/ 

r~l  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r~n  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

|~~|  Only  edition  available/ 


The 
poa 
oft 
film 


Ori( 

beg 

the 

aion 

othi 

first 

aion 

oril 


The 
ahal 
TINI 
whi( 

Map 
diffa 
entii 
begii 
right 
requ 
metl 


n 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiilet  d'errata,  una  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  6t6  filmias  d  nouveau  de  fapon  k 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


[IJ.  will.  [11-160,  165-168, 161-164, 173-176, 169-172, 177634, 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-deaaous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

SOX 

V 

12X 


1IX 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  hes  been  reproduced  thenke 
to  the  generosity  of: 

LIbrery  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Car  ada 


L'exemplaire  filmt  fut  reprodult  grflce  A  la 
gAnAroeitA  de: 

La  bibiiothdque  des  Archives 
pubiiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  end  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  *t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet*  de  l'exemplaire  fiimA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  filmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iilustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iilustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^»>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  bond  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reprodult  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  f  ilmA  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  ii  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  lies  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


32X 


12  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I 


*\ 


ff'pH 


\ 


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f 


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W 


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than  Km  fae^n  given^  of  the 


tf^^S9,  tOWWS.  HARBOURS,    it^^.m^^mMm 

e6l7N^ll|S«      ]»V«lt8i«         SOUNDS,         li||)IAN  TRIB 


CITIBS> 


BAYS, 


NB#  discqlVBr: 


^1 


capBs, 

■     o»- 

THE  AMERICAN  CONTINENT,' 

AU©  Or  THE 

fTEST  INDIA  ISLANDS, 

And  other  lOaiida  appenditnt  to  the  Coatiocat,  and  tir  ie  newly  dlfci 
*;  IN  tm  PACIFie  OCEAN; 

■    >  ,      BMCRiliniO 

'^^ Cactott,  Boandariei,  ^o^uUtipn,  Goveliilpeiit,  Pi<ft^6lions>piaiii^^^^J^ 


f 


and  Villages 


;rb0t  Manufaftttrcs/ Cunofitie^,  ftc^of  dui  fisyeral  Couatiif 
their  imjporutf|t  Ciidl  tXTifions— and  the  £i(w|itude  tad  L<d 
p  Bearings  and  tKltance<«  i^rom  noted  Place9,.<^vth<a  Citla^^oii 

-    ""'"  '     ^.'.    .   t   ""'""       '     -...  -':       ' 

WITH  A  PAETICOt AR  I»|9C|t^#iail  Op ,^- 

r-ffi:  GEORGIA  WESTEm 

The  Whole  comprifing  upvordi  «f  "" 
SEVEN  THOUSAND  DISTINjbr  ARTICI.BS.  . 


C^oUefted  and  compiled  frotn  the  beft  Authoritiei,  sdld  i^rratiged  with  great  <!ar^ 

by*  and  under  the  DireJiiioii  ofy 

JEDIDIAH  MORSB,  D.  D.         ^    , 

.  Author ^the  Ameilcan  Univer£il  Geography— Fellow  of  riw  American  Acadnnj  of  . 
Aft|  «ad  Scieacet  ■  mi  Member  of  the  Maflkchwfletti  HiJftortcal  Society.  ' 


THE  SECOND  EDITION,  CORftECTED, 

ILLVSTR'aTKD  with  seven  hew  AMD  iMr ROVED  MAPS. 

To  wAiVi  are  adM, 

FaAs  and  Cslculationt  refocQing  the  PopHlatioii!  and  Territory  of  the 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


^ 


l^bllj^tjed  otcoromg  to  H£t  oC  ConjirelV. 


aeats 


l^klNTED  IN  BOSTON,  NEW  ENGLAND. 

/  Ronton: 

^■"Xi^MNTED  rOR,  j.  STOCKDAtE,  PICCADILLY;   C.  DILLY,  POULTRY: 

■      e        -" 


AND  T,  N.  LOHqMAM,  PATERNOSTER  ROW. 


\^- 


'::,.:^'^'*i 


17Q8, 


x/sr,..  *::>**••' 


■ms^^'^ 


%#«::^'^^ 


I. 


pp 


T 


^"^^^immtmmifK^gi 


I^if-if- 


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■i  *  .( 


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-'■^imi'A- 


^Dt^EHTlSEMMNT. 


a:  r 


'*% 


Tti^  utility  of  thai  /pedes  if  geiirafhUat  diaUnaty^  aflit^iy, 
tailed  a  Gtzetteer,  v)het%er  h  tktends  to  the  fctenee  in  geuetalt  itr. 
is  confined  to  fonie  pdrticuldr  hranih  of  it,  ti  fufficiemN  ackktw-' 
ifdged  and  olvidus ;  fince  it  may  ie  occafionally  eonfulttd  ky  tAiH 
ieadeTi  who  can  immediately  turn  to  the  fubjefl  on  tuhiik  hi  iifi/hif 
infotmatioHy  which  might  coft  him  much  time  to  find  in  a  regttlat 
Jyftem  or  continued  tlarratiiJe.  The  prefeHt  volume  edtifijls,  infaH^ 
of  the  American  Geography  of  DotiTOH  Mouse*  a  work  aftki 
greateft  accuracy  and  merit,  digefled  into  fhe^orm  if  a  GaxettieV,, 
but,  as  will  appear  from  the  Prefate  of  the  judiciotts  Authott  tvitk 
many  important  additioni  and  improvements* 

It  is  prefumed  that  fueh  a  wbfk  cannot  but  he  highly  aeteptihli 
to  perfons  tf  fcience  tn  this  country,  and  to  the  pubtitf  in  genera/^ 
when  it  is  conjldered  that  the  American  States,  notwithfiaHdikg 
their  dijiance  from  EurUpe,  have  fo  inereafed  in  population  ahd 
Hueafihi  as  to  iecome  of  no  little  importance  to  iis  interefis ;  ana 
hav^  latterly  appeared,  in  fome  degree,  tf  extend  their  influence  to! 
what  has  been  termed  its  balance.  JPolitieal  dpiniotts  and  dilputes^ 
and,  efyecially,  the  violent  commotions  which  have  convuljed  the 
Jifier  (tngdom,  have  alfa  conjiderahly  intreafed  the  number  of  emi- 
grations  to  that  country ;  and  thofe  who  engage,  whether  from 
thoice  or  necejfity,  injuch  undertakings,  will  naturally  wifl  to  obtain 
the  mofl  corretl  information  relatvOe' to  the  part  of  the  world  iti 
which  they  mean  to  take  up  their  rejtdenee.  This,  it  may  without 
hefitation  be  ajjerted,  they  will  here  find.  And  Jlill  more  /»  accom-' 
modntefuch  perfons,  it  has  been  thought  not  improper  to  fulgoin  a 
fmalltrdft,  entitled,  Fa£^«  arrd  C^AcxiU^otL^,  wrttteh  by  a  gentle* 
Man  who  holds  an  important  Jlation  in  the  American  States,  and 
containing  ufejul  hints  and  information  to  fueh  as  intend  to  remove, 
to  America. 

Theprefent  Edition  of  this  Gazetteer  may  veryjujily  claim  a  degree 
of  fupefiority  to  that  publifiied  in  America  \  as  in  it  all  the  fupple- 
ihtentary  matter  is  incorporated  in  a  proper  alphabetic  arrange^ 
tnent  \  the  plates  are  complete,  which,  in  fame  of  the  earlier  copies  of 
the  American  edition  they  were  not:  and  they  are^  tlkewife,  in  fe* 
yeral  refpe^s,  very  greatly  improved^ 


PREFACE. 


zrzJi'i'ip^iiiiiN'N'i'f 'i'^iTii^^        • 


P  R  E  F  A  C  E. 


THE  deiign  of  compiling  and  publifhing  an  American 
Gazettber,  was  conceived,  by  the  Author  of  the  follow-, 
ing  Work,  as  early  as  the  year  1*786,  while  he  was  travelling 
through  the  United  States,  for  the  purpofe  of  colle£tin^  materials 
for  htiJmerican  Geography,  This  deiign,  perfeAIy  coinciding  in 
its  fubjeft  with  his  other  work,  has  never  iince  been  relinquilh- 
ed:  opportunities  have  been  carefully  improved  to  procure  in- 
formation necelTary  to  its  accompliihment^ 
.  The  Authoi^s  profeifional  duties,  however->the  delicate  ftate 
of  his  health;  and  the  attention  he  has  found  it  neceflkry  to  pay 
to  the  revilion,  correction  and  enlargement  of  the  feveral  editions 
of  his  Geographical  Work,  have  delayed  the  completion  of  the 
Gazetteer  much  longer  than  was  at  ni-ft  contemplated :  but  the 
^lay  has  enabled  him  to  render  the  Work  much  more  accurate 
and  perfect,  than  it  otherwife  mufl  have  been,  by  availing  him- 
ielf  of  a  laree  mafs  of  information,  contained  in  the  numerous 
maps,  pampnlets,  and  larger  works,  which  have  been  brought 
into  public  view,  in  the  courfe  of  a  few  years  paft. 

Soon  after  the  plan  of  this  Work  was  conceived,  and  fome 
little  progrefs  made  in  collecting  materials  for  its  accompljQi- 
ment,  the  Author  was  informed  that  Capt.  Thomas  Hutchins, 
then  Geographer  General  of  the  United  Sta^^s,  contemplated  a 
Work  of  the  fame  kind  :  to  him,  as  being.  Itom  tlie  nature  of  his 
office,  far  more  competent  to  the  talk,  be  cheerfully  reiigned  his 
preteniions,  and  made  him  a  tender  of  all  the  materials  he  had 
collected.  But,  with  a  kindnefs  and  generofity  which  Howed  na<r 
turaliy  from  his  amiable  and  noble  mind,  Capt.  Hutchins  declined 
the  onTer,  relinquilhed  his  deiign,  and  put  into  the  hands  of  the 
Author  all  the  collections  he  had  made,  together  with  his  maps 
^nd  explanatory  pamphlets,  which  have  contributed  not  a  little 
to  enrich  this  Work. 

The  fame  kind  of  liberality  was  received  from  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Belknap,  ofBoiton,  who  had  alfo  meditated  a  Work  of  this 
iort  From  his  manufciipt  minutes,  efpccially  from  the  third 
volume  of  his  valuable  Hiftory  of  New-Hanip(hirc,  and  alfo 
from  his  entertaining  volume  of  AmericaQ  Biugraphy,  very  con- 
iiderable  aifiitance  has  been  derived. 

Edwards's  Hiitory  of  the  Weil- Indies — Saint  Mery's  topa- 
giaphical  and  political  defcription  of  the  Spanifh  part  of  St.  Do- 
mingo— Raynal's  Indies — Uobertfon's  Anqierica — Malliam's  Na- 
\^l  Gazetteer — A  compendious  Geographical  Dictionary — Great 

Hiftoric*i 


#• 


PREFACE.  r 

Hiftorical  Diftionary— Furlong's  Ameiican  Cbaft  Pilot-— The 
CcUeftions  of  the  MaiTachufetts  Hiftorical  Society,  both  prioMd 
and  manufcnpt—Bartcam't  Travels— Jeftrfoo**  Note»--Haxard*s 
Hiftorical  CoUcfiions — Imlay's  Kentucky — Cafey's  American 
Mufcumr-Gordon's  and  Ramfay's  Hiilories  of  the  Revolution- 
Sullivan's  Hiftory  of  Maine — Williams's  Hiflory  of  Vermont— 
— Whitney's  Hiftory  of  the  county  of  Worceller— An  American 
Oatetteer»  3  vols,  (anonymous) — ^Brookes's  Gazetteer,  inoproved 
by  Guthrie— Scott's  Gazetteer  of  the  United  Sutes— Cook% 
Anfon's,  UUoa's,  and  Portluck's  and  Dixon's  Voyages.— Chade* 
voix's  Hiftory  of  Paraguay — Clavigero's  Hiftory  of  Mexico—' 
Fleurieu's  Diicoveries  of  the  French  in  1168-9-^ A£ls  and  Laws 
of  many  of  the  States — thefe,  and  many  other  lefs  important 
Works,  liave  been  carefully  confulted,  ^d  fome  of  theni  have 
aftbrded  much  matter  to  increafe  the  value  of  this  volume. 

Added  to  thefe,  the  Author  has  availed  himfelf  of  the  informa- 
tion to  be  derived  from  all  the  valuable  maps  of  America,  and 
its  iflands,  particularly  Arrowfmith's  late  excellent  map,  exhibit- 
ing the  New  Difcoveries  in  the  interior  parts  of  North-America 
— Des  Barres'  Charts — Holland's  Map  of  New-Hampfhire — 
Whitelaw's  of  Vermont— Harris's  of  Rhode-Ifland — Blodgel't 
of  Connefticut— De  Witt's  of  part  of  New-York— Howell's  of 
Pennfylvania — Griffith's  of  Maryland  and  Delaware — JefTerfon'i 
of  Virginia — Hutcliins's,  Imlay's,  Lewis's,  and  Williamfon's  of 
the  country  weft  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains — PurceU's,  and 
others  of  the  other  Southern  States-— Edwards's  and  St.  Mery's, 
of  the  Weft-Indies,  and  many  others  of  lefs  note. 

The  various  Treaties  witli  foreign  nations  and  with  the  Indian 
tribes,  the  newfpapers,  and  the  publications  of  various  defcrip- 
tions  from  the  Several  branches  of  the  Federal  Government,  with 
which  the  Author  has  been  obligingly  futnifhed  by  fome  of  the 
Heads  of  Departments— many  manufcript  communications  by 
letter  and  otherwife  ;  particularly  the  valuable  M.  S.  Journal  and 
Map  of  Capt.  Joseph  iNoaAHAM,  a  confiderable  difcoverer  on 
the  N.  W.  coaft  of  America, — ^and  the  manufcript  Journals  of 
feveral  4>ther  voyagers  and  travellers,  whofe  names  I  am  not  at 
liberty  to  mention — thefe  fources  of  informatior^  have  alfo  faith- 
fully been  improved  to  enrich  this  Work. 

After  all,  it  is  but  proper  here  to  ohferve,  that  a  very  conlider- 
able  part'of  the  matter  of  this  volume  has  been  felef^ed,  and 
alphabetically  arrangf^d,  under  the  proper  heads,  from  The  Ame- 
rican Univerfal  Geography  *. 

In  tlie  compilation  of  this  Work,  which,  an  infpedion  of  it 
muft  evince,  has  coft  much  application  and  labour,  the  Author, 
unwilling  to  divert  iiis  attention  more  than  was  abibiutely  necef- 

•  From  this  Work,  Mr.  Scott,  Author  of  the  Gazetteer  of  the  United  States, 
derived  no  iiiiall  part  ot  the  ini'oDnation  contained  in  his  Book,  though  he  has 
not  been  candid  «noiig!i  to  acknowledge  it  in  l)ii  pieface. 

favy. 


"imm 


tmm 


tl  ...  iSFACE. 

Urft  from  his  moi  c  important  profeffmnal  dutlei,  hal  tffflptoyed 
lir.  John  Lsmdrum,  Author  of  a  ufeful  compendious  Hiftory 
•f  the  AmcricaO  Revolution,  to  felc^,  arrange,  and  copy  th€ 
materMls  for  the  Work,  from  the  large  col  legion  of  oooks^ 
naptt  and  other  printed  and  manulcript  papers,  enumerated 
abovCy  ivith  which  the  Author  fumifhed  him.  In  this  arduous 
Wifieft,  Mr«  Lendrunr  has  been  conAantly  employed,  under  the 
diredion,  and  at  the  expenfe  of  the  Author,  for  more  than  two 
years  paO,  and  has  executed  it  with  fatisfa£lory  care,  fidelity^ 
and  judgment.  I1ie  whole  of  the  manufcript,  however,  has  un- 
dergone the  moft  careful  and  critical  infpedtion  and  correction  of 
tfie  AuUior,  who  has  alfo  correAed  all  the  proof  Iheets  frohi  the 
prefs. 

After  all  the  pains  wjiich  have  been  taken,  and  the  expenfe 
beftowed  upon  tne  Work,  it  muft  not  be  expected,  for  it  is  nof 
pretended,  that  the  Work  is  free  from  errors.  Its  nature,  and 
the  circumftance  of  its  being  the  firft  work  of  the  kind  in  thi^f 
couiltry,  upon  fo  large  a  fcale,  render  its  prefent  perfection  next 
to  an  im|  flibility.  The  Author,  confcious  of  having  done  his 
utmoft  to  reiser  it.  complete,  accurate  and  ufeful,  Ibticits  the 
candor  of  his  readers,  and  particularly  a  correction  of  every 
error*,  however  fmall,  which  fails  under  their  ohfervation.  It  il 
koped  that  no  very  important  or  offenfive  error  will  be  found  lit 
the  Work. 

In  explanation  of  the  Work,  it  is  proper  to  obferve,  that  the 
mimber  of  inhabitants  in  tlie  feveral  Hates,  counties  and  towns* 
except  in  the  ilates  of  New- York  and  1  eneilee,  where  there  has 
been  i  later  enumeration,  is  taken  from  an  olficial  copy  of  the 
general  cenfus  of  1790. 

The  diftances  and  bearings  of  places  are  taken,  in  moil  in-' 
fiances,  either  from  the  Lift  of  Poft-Officcs  ;  the  Tables  in  Re« 
gtfters  and  Almanacks,  the  Journals  of  Travellers,  the  records  or 
Journ*ls  of  Legiflatures,  manufcript  furveys,  or  from  maps.  In 
this  part  of  the  work,  where  the  diftances  have  been  meafured 
on  maps,  which,  in  too  many  inftances,  are  not  to  be  depended 
on,  the  Author  is  apprehenfivc  that  fome  errors  will  be  found. 
The  diftances  are  generally  reckoned  as  the  roads  run.  Whert 
it  is  coniidered  how  liable  tranfcribers  and  printers  are  to  hiif* 
takes,  in  a  work  where  figures  and  lingle  letters  ftanding  for 
words,  make  fo  great  a  part  of  it ;  how  great  confufion  the  mul- 
titude of  places  of  the  liMne  name  in  diflerent  flaf^s,  and  mpny 
times  in  the  fame  ftate,  nnuil  i  leate,  and  how  difficult  il  is  for  an 
Author  to  corre^  a  work  of  this  complex  kind,  an  apology  will 
readily  be  found  by  a  candid  mind  ft>r  a  ct>nfiderable  nunibcr  of 
rniftakes,  fhould  they  be  faund,  in  refpeA  to  the  diftances,  bear- 
ings, latitudes  and  longitudes  of  places. 

The  table  of  Po^-Offices,  Sec.  obligingly  furnifhcd  by  the 
Author,  Mr.  Abraham  Bradley,  jun.  who  has  in  other  ways 
'  '  contributed 


PREFACE. 


vil 


contributed  to  increafe  the  value  of  thii  Worki  furn!(hci  corrc^  in* 
formation  concerning  the  Poft- towns  throughout  the  United  Slitet. 

Longitude  is  reckoned  uniformly  from  the  meridian  of  jLpadon 
or  Greenwich,  except  where  die  reader  has  notice  to  the  contrarjr. 

The  difFerent  fpelllng  of  the  fame  namef»  efpecially  thole  pf 
Indian  derivation,  among  Authors  and  Map>makets»  lias  occa- 
fioned  no  fmali  difficulty  to  the  Author,  In  i.  .ny  inftancci,  Che 
different  fpcliings  have  beon  given ;  in  others,  the  fpelling  hasbeea 
Jeft  equivocal,  the  fame  word  being  fpelt  differently  in  dificrc||t 
places. 

I'he  civil  diviiions  of  tl«e  United  States  are  no^  uniform  in  all 
the  ftates.  The  five  New-England  Hates,  and  New- York,  New- 
Jerfey,  :  d  Pennsylvania,  are  fubdivided  into  cQHnti$i  and  ttwn- 
Jhipt\  and  moft  or  the  townfhipsin  New-England  are  fubdividiQd 
into  pariflus  und  prednffs,  PanJIi  is  an  etclefiajiical  diviiion.  The 
ftates  South  of  Pennfylvania  are  divided  generally,  only  into<0MM* 
ties.  The  L«w».r  Country ^  in  S.  Carolina,  retains  ita  original  diviiion 
into  parijhtsy  which  are  di{lri£ts  anfwering,  in  many  refpeds,  to 
counties  m  other  dates.  A  fowif,  in  the  Southern  dates,  docs  not 
neceflarily  imply  an  incorporated  diilrid,  as  in  the  northern 
ilates  ;  any  number  of  compa£t  houfes,  few  cr  many,  is  there 
denominated  a  fwn.  Town  and  townjhip^  in  New-England  ami 
New- York,  are  generally  ufed  as  of  fynonymous  iigni£cation,  and 
are  all  incpvporatcd  by  law. 

Any  Cape^  Forty  Pointy  Lakey  Bay^  &c.  or  anjr  place  that  has 
Newy  Eajiy  Wefl^  Northy  or  Southy  prefixed  to  it,  ifnot  found  un- 
der thefe  general  terms,  is  to  be  fought  for  under  its  diftin^ive 
name ;  as  Fort  Sehuyltry  for  inftance,  look  for  Schuylery  F»rty  &c. 

The  article  Georgia  Westf^rn  Territory,  with  what  it 
annexed  to  it  at  the  end  of  the  Work,  compiled  with  j^reat  labour 
and  care,  and  with  a  ftri£t  regard  to  truth  and  impartiality,  w?!2,  no 
doubt,  be  interefting  to  all  who  are,  or  may  be  concerned  in 
the  late  Durchafe  ofa  confiderable  portion  of  it.  Hie  excel- 
lency ot  the  foil  and  climate  of  this  country,  its  advanta|;eou$ 
jituation  for  agriculture  and  commerce,  ano  the  rapidity  with 
which  it  will  probably  be  fettled,  vender  it  a  fit  objea  of  pubU9 
attention,  and  very  important  as  zfrontiery  in  an  expofed  part  of 
the  United  States^  Its  fettlement,  upon  regular  anci  proper  efta- 
bli(hments,  by  a  people  friendly  to  the  rights  and  intereits  of  th^ 
Indians,  ^nd  under  the  government  of  the  United  States,  would, 
at  this  tioie?  be  of  immenfe  utility  to  the  union  and  profperity  of 
the  ftates. 

As  the  "plan  of  this  Work  embraces  the  Spanifh  and  French 
dominions  in  South  America  and  the  Weft-Indies,  forae  Spanifh 
and  French  names  and  terms  aie  made  ufe  of,  which  require,  to 
fin  Englilh  reader,  fome  explanation  ;  the  few  following  are  an- 
nexed,: ^  ,     ■     . 

Aixa  or  AlxoSy  a  general  term  for  Flats  or  Shallow St  on  the 
OQithcpaft  of  South  America.    Anfe^^Covu 

Barcaderett 


'Ji^fc. 


iriS 


PRfeFACt. 


ffttmdtrest  a  term  (ignifvinr  iandinit  places.  " 

Bm)t9St  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  in  South  America,  If  a  name  for 

Bnetit  ■  term  ufed  on  the  north  coaft  of  South  America*  or 
the  Spaniih  main,  for  a  Month  or  Channel. 

Ce^es  or  CWjri,  in  the  Weil- Indies,  are  little  IJleinds  and  Roeh* 
difpencd  among  thofe  iilands. 

Chleot  on  the  weft  coaft  of  New  Mexico,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean^ 
fignifies  Little. 

Forta  leza^  a  term  for  Fert^  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil. 

Gut,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  is  a  term  for  tlic  opening  of  a  river  or 
krook. 

Mtrrc,  is  a  term  for  Head  land  or  Premontory,  on  the  coafts  of 
Chili  and  Peni  in  South  America. 

Sierrat  a  word  ufed  for  /fi7/,  on  the  coafts  of  Chili  and  PerU>. 

Slerril/o,  means  a  little  hill  on  the  fame  coaft. 

TrmLtpfiffufien  The  Hole. 

Charlestown,  June  I,  1797. 


The  following  articlet  were  received  too  late  to  be  infeited  in  the  body  of  the  Work'. 


ADDISON,  m  townthip  of  the  Dif- 
•triQ  of  Maine,  in  W.-tfliington  county, 
.10  ntilet  foutb  of  wcil  of  Machias )  on 
the  (m  board,  httwccn  Enrjiihmen's 
hay  and  Pieafant  river.  It  was  called 
No.  6,  until  it  was  incorporated  in  Fe- 
bruary, 1797. 

Alabaha,  a  confiderable  river  of 
Georgia,  which  purfuea  a  foutherly 
courie  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  xoo  miles 
weft  of  the  bead  of  St.  Mary's  river.' 
Ita  banks  are  low,  and  a  trifling  rain 
fwella  it  to  inore  than  a  mile  in  width. 
In  •  flrefhet  the  current  is  rapid  >  and 
thofe  who  pafs  are  in  danger  of  being 
entangled  in  vaqes  and  briars,  and 
drowned^  they  are  alto  in  real  danger 
from  great  Anmbers  of  hungry  aliigaiors. 
The  country  for  nearly  100  miles  on 
each  fide  of  this  river,  that  is  to  fay, 
from  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  to  Flint 
river,  which  is  90  miles  weft  of  the 
Alabaha,  If  a  contrnucd  loft,  miry, 
pine  barren,  aifording  neither  water  nor 


food  for  men  or  beads )  and  is  (b  poor 
indeed  as  that  the  common  game  of^  the 
woods  are  not  found  here.  The  coun- 
try on  the  weft  of  Alabaha  is  rather 
preferable  to  that  on  the  eaft. 

Alabamovs^  an  old  French  fort,  in 
the  weftem  part  of  Georgia  i  fituated 
between  Coofa  and  Tallapoofe  rivers, 
and  not  far  from  their  confluence. 

Albany,  a  Britifti  fortrels  in  New 
South  Waicii,  North- America.  N.lat. 
5».  14..  fo.  W.  Ions.  Si.  59.  s'- 

Amuskbag  Ftf/^.  For  <«  a  bridge 
acrol's  the  falls,"  &c.  read  **  a  bridge  a 
little  below  the  falls,''  tec. 

AuGU  STA,  a  town  of  Upper  Canada. 

B AHIA  Hetitfti,  a  bay  on  tlif!  north- 
em  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  The  bay 
has  15  and  10  fathoms  water,  the  en- 
trance into  the  harbour  J, .  and  anchor- 
age in  4  and  5  fathoms.  T^e  entrance 
lies  in  N.  lat.  13.  16.  W.  long.  S3. 
*5. 


-1 


THE 


THt 


AMERICAN  GAZETTEER. 


ABI 

AAROMSBURGH,  lie*  at  tht  hnd 
of  Fmn's  Cmk.  NorthumbcrUnd 
county,  Pcnnfylvanis,  about  30  mUw 
wefterly  Arom  Lewilbargh,  and  40  W. 
by  M.  from  Sunbury. 

Abacco»  or  FrtvUtmtt  one  of  the 
Bahama  iflandi,  in  the  Atlantic  ocean, 
fuhjeft  to  Great-BriUin.  N.  lat.  14. 
W.  long.  77.    Sec  Prwidniet, 

ABAC90CHBi,or  Cttfttt  a  large  ri- 
ver riling  in  the  S.  W.  Territory,  paf- 
ling  into  Georgia,  through  the  Cneroliec 
into  the  Creek  country,  where  it  unites 
with  the  Chikfuflue,  and  forma  the 
Alibama. 

Abbbvillb  Ctiuajt  in  Ninety*8ix 
diftrifi,  S.  Carolina,  boxmded  on  the 
N.  E.  by  the  Saluda,  and  on  theS.  W. 
by  the  Savannah,  ia  35  miles  id  length 
and  tt  in  breadth}  contains  9197  in- 
habitants, including  1665  flaves. 

Abbrcorn,  a  fmall  town  on  Savan- 
call  river,  in  Georeia,  about  5  miles 
from  Ebenezer,  and  1 3  N.  W.  of  Sa- 
vannah. 

Abineav  Portt  on  the  N.  fide  of 
Lake  Erie,  is  about  1 3  miles  W.  S.  Vf. 
from  Fort  Erie. 

Abinodon,  a  town  at  the  head  of 
the  tide  waters  of  Bufli  river,  Harford 
couniy,  Maiyland}  la  miles  S.  W. 
fhpi  Havre-de-Grace,  and  ao  N.  E. 
fioin  Baltimore.^'-Cokefbm'y  College, 
ioitituted  by  the  Methodiils,  in  178 5^ 
is  in  this  town. 

Abingdon,  the  chief  town  of  Wafh- 
ington  county,  Virginia,  contained  but 
about  io  houfes  in  1788,  now  (1796) 
upwards  of  1 50.  It  is  about  14.5  mile» 
from  Campbeir*  flation,  near  HoUUmi  } 


ABI 

s<p  from  Richmond,  in  Virgiaii*  in  • 
direft  IL  t,  and  310  as  the  road  nms» 
bearing  a  '  ttk  to  tht  C-  of  W.  Lat* 
36.  30.  N. 

Abinotom,  a  townflilp  in  PlymoutH 
countv,  Malbchufttts  i  aa  roikia  fbuth* 
caAerly  from  Boflw,  and  tqntaias  1451^ 
inhabitants. 

Abinotom,  a  par.th  in  the  town  of 
Pomfret,  in  Cowietticm.^ 

Abinotom,  avilbae  in  PennfylnN 
nia,  is  miles  N.  of  Phuadalphiak 

ABiroNBS,  an  Indian  nation  in  P». 
raguay,  8*  America. 

Abitibbi,  a  (mall  lake  in  upper 
Canada}  on  the  S.  fide  of  which  la  « 
fettlement  called  Frederick^  which  laft 
lies  in-N*  lat.  49.  W*  ksog*  79*  4o»  Alfo 
the  name  of  a  river  which  runs  N«  and 
joins  Moofe  river,  near  ita  mouth  at 
Jameses  bay. 

Abitibis,  a  lake  N*  of  Kipidinf 
lake,  the  N.  B.  boundary  of  Canada^ 
in  New  South  Wales }  it  has  commu* 
nication  with  James's  bay,  near  MooA 
Fort.    N.  lat.  59.  3^.  W.  long* 78*  5* 

AbramV  Cretkt  falls  into  Hudlbn*B 
ri vtr,  near  the  city  of  Hudfon. 

Abrojos,  or  Baxoj  de  ^oBaeth  b 
bank,  with  fcveral  fmall  rocks  ahd  iflcss 
£.  of  Turk's  iHand,  in  N.  Hit*  si.  5* 
W.  long.  69.  40*  Between  this  h»ak 
and  Turk*8  ifland  is  a  deep  channrU  for 
fliips  of  any  burden,  3  leagues  wide. 

Abrolhos, dangerous  Ihoals,  about 
50  miles  from  the  coaft  of  Braail,  and 
near  the  ifland  of  St.  Barbe. 

Absecon  Meacb,  on  the  coafk  of 
New-Jerfey,  16  miles  S.W. from  Littk 
Egg  Hmrbour, 

A  ACAttA, 


9  AC  A 

ACA«IA»  tlwiMnieby  which  Nova- 
Scotia  wascallfldt  when  it  belonged  to 
the  Flrench.  Its  limits, as fcttlcdby the 
traaty  of  Utrecht,  in  171 3»  were  St. 
Lawrence  river  on  the  N.  Fenobfcot  W. 
and  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  on  the  E. 
This  name  was  firft  applied  to  a  triift, 
from  the  40th  tq  the  46 til  degrees  of  N. 
ht.j|riPt!e4to0eM9iiS4 Nov.  9» i<93i 
by  mnry  IV.  of  France. 

AcAPAtA,  tK  AcafntUki  a  town  m 
tht  province  of  Chiapa,  New  Spain. 
tt  isfituated  on  the  Tobafco  river,  near 
the  city  of  Chiapa,  and  not  l^r  from  a 
bay  in  the  South  Sea,  called  Teguanti. 
pac. 

AcA^VLCO,  a  city  in  New  Spain, on 
a  bay  'of  the  pa^ifio  ocean,  110  miles 
S.  Ek  of  M-.  :!C0 ;,  the  chief  port  in  this 
fta,  and  the  principal  mart  on  the  whole 
coaftk  Its  harbour  is^  fo  ^Mcious  that 
imral  hundred  fliips  may  ride  in  it 
without  inconvenience.  The  mouth, 
which  is  defended  fay  a  low  ifland,  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  long,  and  half  a  mile 
tavad,  haviijig  a  wide  and  deep  channel 
at  each  cud )  the  weiternmott  channel  is 
the  narrowtft,  but  fe  deep  that  there 
is  no  anchoring }  and  the  Manilla  fliips 
pafs  hi  that  way ;  but  thefe  from  Lima 
enter  through  the  S.  W.  channel.  This 
harbour  runs  N.  about  three  miles  { then 
growing  very  narrow,  tmns  fhort  to  the 
W.  and  a  mile  farther  it  terminates. 
The  town  ftands  at  the  mouth  of  this 
pafiage,  on  the  N.  W.  fide,  dofe  by  the 
fta,  aiid  at  the  end  of  the  town  is  a 
platform  mounted  with  guns .  Oppofite 
ttt^  the  town j  on  the  E.  fide,  is  a  high 
and  ftron^  caftle,  with  giuis  of  a  large 
fite.  S*-_j-  '-emmonly  ride  near  the 
bottom  of  the  iiarbour,  under  the  com- 
mand  of  the  caftle  and  platform.  The 
town  furrGiinded  by  very  high  moun- 
tains, is  fo  unhealthy,  fo  deftitute  of 
good  water,  and  fo  cfifagreeable,  that 
fxciept  whentne  Manilla  galeon  is  there, 
and  while  the  confequent  fair  continues, 
it  is  almoft  deferted  by  th<;  inhabitants. 
Wbenlhe  arrives  in  this  port,  flie  is 
generally  moored  on  its  weftcrn  fide ; 
and  her  cargo,  ronfifting  of  fpicf  s,  all 
forts  of  Chinefe  filks  and  manutu£lures, 
filk  ftockings,  Indian  fluffs,  calicoes, 
chintz,  together  with  other  fmall  arti- 
cles, as  goldfmiths  work,  &o*  are  de- 
livered with  all  expedition  j  when  the 
town  of  Acapulco,  from  almoft  foiitude, 
is  thronged  with  merchants  from  ail 


AGO 

Crti  of  Mexico  and  Peru.  The  carMl 
ing  huidcd,  the  filvcr  and  the  gooda 
intcMcd  for  Manilla  aretaken  on  board, 
and  the  Ihip  prepares  to  put  to  (ea  with 
the  utmoft  exjiediti<m.  The  galeon 
takes  in  here,  m  return  for  the  gooda 
which  flie  brings,  at  leaft  ten  millions  of 
dollars,  a  part  of  which  pays  the  Span- 
jfli  gsirrifons  in  th$  Philippine  illands. 
The  comnierce  of  this  p'ace  with  Peru 
i&  rot,  as  many  writers  have  miftakeilt 
confined  only  to  the  annual  fliip  firmn 
Lima }  for  at  all  other  fealbns  of  the 
year,  ^cept  that  wherein  the  Acapulco 
mip  arrives,  the  trade  is  open,  and  ihips 
from  Peru  come  hither  frequently  to 
exchange  the  commodities  of  that  coun- 
ttry  for  thofe  of  Mexico.  From  the  end 
cf  November  to  the  end  of  May,  they 
have  no  rain  heic,  and  it  is  fo  hot  in 
January,  when  the  fair  generally  begins, 
that  merchants  arc  obliged  to  do  their 
bufinefr  chiefly  in  the  morning.  Wi^n 
the  fair  is  over,  almoflevery  body  leaves 
the  place  but  a  few  blacks  and  mulat- 
toes.  The  town  is  governed  by  a  chief 
juftict,  who  has  «o,ooo  pieces  of  eight 
per  ttmmm  \  and  the  curate,  though  al« 
lowei\  but  180  pieces  <^  eight,  makes 
his  place  worth  §4,000  by  the  burial 
fees  of  <H^';<figers  who  die  here,  or  on 
board  the  fhips  in  the  harbour.  There 
is  au  hoAntal  maintained  here,  by  de- 
duAions  from  the  pay  of  the  foldiers, 
and  the  alms  of  the  merchants .  With- 
in a  league  of  the  E.  of  Acapulco,  is 
PortMarquis,a  very  good  harbour, where 
the  fhips  firom  Peru  generally  run  in 
contraband  goods.  Lat.  17.  sa.  N.  long, 
roa.  ao.  W. 

AcARAi,  a  town  in  Paraguay,  S. 
America,  buiit  by  the  Jefuits,  in  16x4. 
N.  lat.  x6.  W.  long.  51.  5. 

AcASABASTiAM,  a  river  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Vera  Paz,. in  Mexico.  It  runs 
into  the  Golfo  Dulce,  and  has  a  town 
(ituated  on  its  banks,  of  the  fame  name. 
The  fource  of  this  river  is  not  far  from 
the  South  Sea. 

AcASATHVLA,  1  fca^port,  fituated 
on  a  point  of  land,  in  the  province  .of 
Guatimala  proper,  in  Mexico,  on  a  bay 
of  the  South  bea,  about  four  leaguea 
from  Trinidad .  It  receives  the  greateft 
part  of  the  treafures  from  Peru  and 
Mexico.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  thire 
volcanoes. 

ACOMA,  a  town  in  New  Mexico,^ 
North   America,  fituated  on   a  high' 

mountain, 


the  pro- 
It  runs 
a  town 


ft 

jRiBDntda»  with  a  ftrong  caftle,  and  m 
the  capitid  of thepravince;  N. lat.  35. 
W.  long.  1*4.  t  f . 

Accomack  Cotmty,  in  Virginia,  it 
iituated  on  a  pcninfula,  bounded  N.  by 
Maryland,  E.  by  the  oeean»  and  on  the 
W.  by  Cheiapeok  bay,  and  conuins 
13,959  inhabitants,  including  ^%6% 
ilaveis. 

AcKLiN  V  Ke^t  lies  about  fifty  miles 
S.  E.  from  Lone-Ifland,  or  Yuma,  one 
tof  the  Bahama  iflands.  li:  has  Long 
Key  1 1  miles  to  the  N.  W.  Upon  the 
fouth  eaftward  tide  is  an  entire  chaui  of 
rocks.  N.  lat.  is.  to.  W.  long.  73. 30. 

AcHiACHiCA,  a  town  in  Mexico. 
i'See  Angehs, 

AcouEZ,an  Indian  nation  in  Canada. 

A'C(^acknaCK,  or  AcquaiiiiunkiZ 
town  on  the  W.  fide  of  Paflaic  river, 
in  "Effex  coanty,  New-Jerfey,  10  miles 
N'.  of  Newark,  and  17  N.  W.  from 
New- York. 

AcToN,  a  townfliip  in  Middlefex 
county,  Mailachuletts,  containhig  S53 
inhabitants ;  a4  miles  N.  W.  of  l^fton. 

Agworth,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire 
county,  New-Ham{Mfhire,  incorporated 
in  1766,  and  contains  704  inhabitants; 
S  miles  E.  by  N.  fronrCharleltown,  and 
yj  N.  W.  by  W.  from  Portfrnouth. 

Adams,  a  townfliip  in  Berkfliire 
c  Junty,  Mafacbnfetts,  containing  1040 
inhabitants,  is  about  140  miles  N.  W. 
of  Botton.  In  the  northern  part  of 
this  town,  is  a  great  natural  curiofity. 
A  pretty  mill  ftream,  called  Hudfon's 
Brook,  which  rifes  in  Vermont,  and 
falls  into  the  north  branch  of  K«oAick 
river,  has,  for  30  or  40  rods,  formed  a 
very  deep  channel,  in  Ibme  places  60 
feet  deep,  through'  a  quarry  of  white 
marble.  Over  this  channel,  where 
deepeft,  fome  of  the  rocks  remain,  and 
form  a  natural  bridge.  From  the  top 
of  this  bridge  to  the  water,  is  6i  feet ; 
its  length  is  about  11  or  15,  and  its 
breadth  about  10.  Partly  under  this 
bridge,  and  about  10  or  la  feet  below 
it,  is  ancllier,  which  is  wider^  but  not 
fo  iqng{  for  at  the  eaft  end  they  fohn 
one  body  of  rock,  ii  or  14  feet  thick, 
and  under  this  the  water  flows.  The 
rocks  here  are  moftly  white,  and  in 
other  places  clouded,  like  the  coarfe 
marble  common  at  Lanelborough,  and 
in  other  towns  in  Btrkftilre  county. 

Adamstown,  a  town  in  Lancafter 
county,  Pennlylvania,  containing  about 


ADA  f 

40  hottfea  {  ao  miles  N.  E,  of  Laatafter. 

A  D A Yi  8.    See  Mtxicam  River, 

Addison  CSNMtfjrtia  Veraionty  is  oa 
the  eaft  fide  of  Lake  ChamphUn,  and 
is  divided  nearly  into  equal  parts  by 
Otter  creek)  has  Chittendeh  county 
on  the  4.M.  aiid  Rutland  county  on  the 
S.  and  contains  (4f  9  tnhabitanta,  dif- 
pcrfcd  in  II  townfliips.  It  is  about  30 
miles  by  27  i  a  range  of  the  nten 
mountains  pafles  through  it.  Chief 
town  Middlebury,  grantol  Nov.  S7<t. 

Addison,  a  town  of  the  above 
coanty,  containing  401  inhabitants^  It 
lies  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  feparat- 
ed  from  Newhaven,  on  die  E.  by  Otter 
creek.  Snake  Mountains  on  the  S.  E. 
lie  partly  in  this  townfliip,  granted  1761. 

Ade<^uatamgis  Creek,  in  New- 
York  ftate,  is  the  eaftem  head  water  of 
Sufquehannah  river. 

Admiralty  Bayt  and  Port  MuU 
grave,  on  tbeN.  W.  coaft  of  America, 
Tie  inN.  bt.  5^.  31.  W. long.  140. 18. 
•  AdsonV  Town,  lies  near  the  N.  E. 
line  of  New-Jerfey,  and  S.  E.  of  the 
Drowned  Lands }  ay  miles  N.  of  Mor« 
riftown,  and  24  N.  W.  of  Patterfon. 

AFFVBRAfOne  of  the  iflands  ofjuan 
Femandes,  on  the  South  Sea  coaft,  in 
the  kingdom  of  Chili.  Long,  froiii  the 
meridian  of  Callao,  3b.  so.  about  400 
leagues  to  the  Nv  of  Cape  Horn.  This 
coaft  fwarms  with  fea  lions  and  wolves* 

AGAMBMTiGUs,amountain  of  con. 
fiderable  elevation  in  the  diftri£l  of 
Maine,  diftant  about  fix  miles  from  Bald 
Head,  and  eight  from  York  harbour. 
Lat  43'.  16;  N.  and  70.  39.  W.  long, 
from  Greenwich.  It  is  a  noted  land- 
mark for  feamen,  and  is  a  good  direc- 
tory for  tlie  eritiy  of  Pafcataqua  harbour* 
as  it  lies  ve^y  nearly  in  the  fame  meri- 
dian with  it,  and  with  Pigeoq  Hill,  on 
Cape  Ann.  The  mountain  is  covered 
with  wood  and  flirubs,  and  aifords  paf. 
luie  up  to  its  fummit,  where  there  is  an 
enchanting  profpe£l.  The  cultivated 
parts  of  the  country,  efpecialJy  on  the 
S«  and  S.  W.  appear  as  a  beautiful  ^. 
den,  interfe€lea  by  the  majeliic  river 
Pal'cataqua,  itsba]^  and  branches.  The 
immenfe  ranges  of  mountains  on  the  N. 
and  N.  W.  afford  a  fublime  fpe6lacte  ) 
and  on  the  fea  fide,  the  various  indent- 
ings  of  the  coaft,  from  Cape  Ann  to 
Cape  Elizabeth,  are  plainly  in  view  in 
a  clear  day;  and  the  Atlantic  ft  etches 
to  the  E.  as  far  as  the  power  of  viiion 

A  7.  extmds. 


* 


wtcnd*.  Ai  thU  fpot  the  betringi  of 
the  foll««rlng  elij«ft«  were  talan»  ^vith 
mimnA  fyurnjVnf^  inftmmenty  Q&abtx 

Swnmtt'  of  the  White  Mountains, 

U.  t J.  w. 

Cape  Porpoif'c,  N.  63.  E. 

Roebefter  Hill,  N.  64.  W. 

Tuckaway  South  Peak,  S.  80.  W. 

FSroft'a  Hill,  Kitt«ry,  S.  57.  W. 
.  Saddlcof  Bonabea^,N.  14.  W. 

Ifle  of  l^aU  Meeting-houle,  S.  6.  E . 
■   Vaniey's  Htll,  ih  Dover,  diftant  lo^ 
milM  by  meniuration,  N.  89.  W« 
Variation  of  the  Needle,  (.  W. 

Agamenticus,  a  river  in  the  centre 
of  York  county,  dj^iA  of  Maine.  It 
is  indebted  toYhe  ocean  for  its  waters, 
through  PaCcatequa  Bay)  having  no 
confiderable  aid  tiom  ftreams  of  frelh 
water.  Its  moath  is  about  four  miles 
ibutherly  from  Capie  MedUic  river. 
Small  vdl'els  can  enter  lierr. 

Aqamuntic,  or  Amaguutie  Pond, 
in  the  diltrift  of  Maine,  fends  its  waters 
Borthwai-d  to  the  Chs^udiere,  th»ugh 
the  weft  branch  of  chat  river. 

ACOMISO,  an  iihtid  in  James's  Bay, 
■car  its  weltern  coall,  N.  N.  E.  from 
Albany  Fort. 

AouGA  Capty  00  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
S.  Ain^frica,  lies  fouthward  of  Puira,  in 
the  60th  deg.  of  S.  lat.  and  iii  k'le  Sad  of 
W.  long. 

Alauaha,  a  confiderable  river  in  E. 
Florida.  Alio  faid  to  be  the  name  of 
a  branch  of  St.  Mary's  river. 
.  Alabama, an  Indian  village,delight- 
fully  fituated  on  the  banks  of  the  Mif- 
iiflippi,  on  feveral  fwdling  green  hills, 
gradually  afcending  from  the  verge  of 
the  river.  Thefe  Indians  aie  the  re- 
mains of  the  ancient  Alabama  ration, 
who  inhabited  the  eaft  ann  of  the  Gretit 
JMhbile  rifvcr,  which  itill  hears  their 
name,  now  pofleiTcd  by  tlie  Creuks,  or 
Mufcogulges,  who  conquered  the  for- 
mer. 

Alabama  Rkjer,  is  formed  by  the 
junflion  of  the  Caofa  or  Coofee,  cr  High 
Tootw  river,  and  Tallapooli-e  river,  at 
Little  Taila'ee,  and  runs  in  aS.  W.  di- 
ri:£lion,  until  it  meets  TomSighce  river 
from  tl>c  N.  W.  at  tlic  v^\x:\t  illaiKl 
which  it  there  (01  ins,  90  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  Mobili;  bay,  in  tiie  gulpli  of 
Mex.co.  This  beautiful  river  has  a 
gentle  current,  pure  waters,  and  excel- 
lent fi/h<    It  runs  about  I  iiuics  an  hour, 


ALA 

is  7»  or  to  rods  wide  at  its  head,  aad 
from  r5  to  it  Act  deep»  in  ,the  driaft 
leafon.  The  banks  are  about  fo  feet 
high,  and  feld^ra,  if  ever,  overflowed. 
Travellers  have  sooe  down  ia  large 
boats,  in  the  month  of  May,  ia  9  days 
from  Little  Tallafee  to  Mobile  hay, 
whi^  is  about  350  miles  %y  water. 
Its  banks  a.'Mmnd  with  valuable  pro* 
duAions  in  the  vegetable  and  mineral 
kingdoms. 

Alabaster,  or  Eltuibtrat  one  of 
the  Bahama  or  Lucavo  iilands,  on 
which  is  a  fmall  Ibit  and  ^rrifon.  It 
is  on  the  Great  Bahama  Bank.  The 
foil  of  this  ifland,  and  Harbour  Ifland, 
which  lies  at  the  nt>rth  end  of  it,  is  bet- 
ter than  Providence  Ifland,  and  pro- 
duces the  greateft  part  of  the  pine-ap- 
ples that  are  exported  ^  the  climate  ia 
very  healthy.  N.  lat.  a 5.  to  x6.  W« 
long.  75.  to  76.  5. 

Alachua  Savannah,  is  a  level 

Jre?n  plain,  in  %\yt  country  of  the  In- 
ians  of  that  name,  in  E.  Florida,  fitu- 
ated about  75  miles  weft  from  St.  Au- 
guAine.  It  is  about  15  miles  over,  and 
50  in  circimiference }  and  Icarceiy  a 
tree  or  bufli  of  any  kind  to  be  feen  on 
it.  It  is  encircled  with  high  floping 
hills,  covered  with  waving  loi'etls,  and 
fi*agrrant  orange  groves,  rtfmg  from  an 
exutierantly  fertile  foil.  The  ancient 
Alachua  town  ftood  on  the  borders  of 
this  Savannah  }  but  the  Indians  remov- 
ed to  CufcowiUa,  t  miles  diftant,  on 
account  of  the  unhealthinefs  of  the  for- 
mer fcite,  occafioned  by  the  ftench  of 
the  pi«rid  fifli  and  reptiles,  in  the  fwn- 
mer  and  autumn,  driven  on  Ihore  byt 
the  alligatora,  and  the  noxious  exhala- 
tions trom  the  inarlhes  of  the  lavannah. 
Though  the  horned  cattle  and  horfes 
bred  in  thefe  meadows  a^e  large,  flcek, 
fprightly,  and  fiat,  yet  they  are  Ibbjefl 
to  mortal  difeail'S  i  fuch  as  the  water 
rot,  or  fcaid,  occafioned  by  the  warm 
water  of  tlte  lavannah  ;  while  thofe 
which  range  in  the  high  forefts  are 
clear  of  this  dilbrder. 

Ai.ACRANES,  Los,  a  long  range  of 
(houls,  banks,  and  rocks,  on  the  Ibuth 
iide  of  the  gulph  of  Mexico,  opp^ilite 
the  peninfula  of  Yucatan,  ealt  from 
Stone  Banic,  and  weft  from  Capo  St. 
Antonio }  within  the  a  3d  deg.  of  N. 
lat.  and  between  the  89th  and  91ft  de- 
grees of  W.  long. 
Alaske,  a  long  psninfula  on  tho 

^i.  W.  eoaft 


111.  W*  eoift  of'  AiMerict,  Afmci  \y 
Briftoi  bay  and  the  ocean  on  the  N.  W. 
«iid  N.  audby  the  ocevi  and  the  wa» 
ters  of  Cook's  river  on  the  S.  and  S.  E. 
At  it*  extren>ity  are  a  number  o<^iflancl«, 
the  chief  of  whieh>  in  their  order  weft- 
ward,  are»  Oonanak,  Oonahflia»  and 
Octimnak,  which  form  part  of  the  chain 
or  clulUr  of  tflande  xalled  the  North- 
cm  Archipelag*.  Capt.  Cook»  on  bis 
return  in  17791  P>fl«d  through  the 
channel  «aft  of  Ooneniak  ifland.  See 
N*  f^n  CoMfi  of  Amtrum, 

Alatamaha,  a  navigable  river  of 
Georgia.  It  rife*  in  the  Cherokee 
mountains,  near  the  headofa  weftem 
branch  of  Savannah  river,  called  Tu- 
gulo.  In  its  defcent  through  tiie 
mountains  it  receives  feveral  auxiliary 
ftreains;  thence  it  winds,  with  coa- 
fiderably  rapidity^  through  the  hilly 
country  250.  mUes,  from  whencie  it 
throws  itfelf  into  the  open,  flat  country, 
by  the  name  of  Oakmulgee.  Thence, 
after  meandering  for  150  miles,  it  is 
joined  by  the  Oeonrtt  which  likewife  has 
Its  fonrce  in  the  mountains.  After  this 
junction,  it  affumes  die  name  of  Alata- 
maha,  when  it  becomes  a  large  maieftic 
river ;  and  flowing  with  a  gentle  cur- 
rent through  forefts  and  plains  100 
miles,  difcharges  itfelf  into  the  Atlantic 
by  feveral  mouths.  The  north  channel 
glides  by  the  heights  of  Darien,  about 
s  o  miles  above  tlw  bar,  and  after  ieveral 
turnings,  enters  the  ocean  between  Sa- 
pelo  and  Wolf  iliands.  The  fonth 
channel,  which  is  efteemed  the  largeft 
and  decpeft,  after  its  feparation  from 
the  north,  defcends  geatiy»  taking  its 
coi:rfe  between  M'latolh  and  Brough- 
ton  iflands)  and  at  laft  by  the  weft 
coaft  of  St.  Simon's  Sound,  between  the 
feuth  end  of  the  ifland  of  tliat  name, 
and  the  north  end  of  J<:kyl  ifland.  At 
its  confluence  with  the  Atlantic,  it  is 
500  yards  wide. 

Alban's,  St.  atownfliip  in  Franklin 
coim'ty>  Vermont,  on  Lake  Champlain, 
oppofiteN.  HeroiHand,  156  inhabitant!!. 

Albany  County,  on  Hudibn's  ri. 
ver^  in  the  ftate  of  New- York,  lies  be- 
tween Uifter  and  Saratoga ;  its  extent 
46  miles  by  28.  By  the  (iate  ceiiAis, 
tan.  10,  1796,  the  number  of  electors 
in  this  county  were  6087,  and  the  num- 
ber of  towns  II. 

Albany,  the  chief  town  of  the  above 
county,  is  Qtuat^  on  the  weft  bank  of 


A  IB  t 

Iiii4fen*«  river.  i6o  mites  north  of  the 
cityofNew-Ypckrto  wbi^bit  is  pe*Z 
in  rank,  and  840  S.  of Qiiebec.  N^W. 
4s;  39.  W.  long.  73.40.  This ci^  and 
fMbui'bS|,  by  enumeration  in  1797,'  t^' 
taincd  1263  buildings,  of  which  $63  yraoe 
dwcUine;.houics,  a;Dd  6021  inhabitafitB. 
Many  of  them  are  in  the  Gptluc .  ftyle, 
with  the  gable  end  to  (he  ftfcet,  which 
culiom  the  firft 'fett^rf  brought  from 
Holland  )  the  newhoufes  are  built  ^  tht 
mpdem  ftile.  Its  inhabiuntsarecolle^l 
ed  from  varjoua  parts  of  the  world,  and 
fpeak  a  [^t^at  variety  of  languages,  but 
tlie£i)gltfli  predomtbates }  and  the  uie 
of  every  other  is  gradually  leffenin^ 
Albany  is  unrivalled  fot  fituatipn,  b^ing 
nearly  at  the  head  of  iloop  navigation, 
on  one  of  the  nobleit  rivers  in  the  ^^orld.. 
It  enjoys  a  fidubrious  air,  and  is  the 
natural  emporium  of  the  increaflng 
trade  of  a  large  extent  of  country  W. 
and  N. — a  country  of  an  excellent  foil* 
abounding  in  eveiy  article  for  the  W. 
India  market ;  plentifully  watered  with 
navigable  lakes,  creeks  and  rivers,  Get* 
tling  with  almoft  unexampled  rapidity* 
and  capable  of  affbi-ding  iubfiftence'  to 
millionii  of  inhabitants  :  and  when  the 
contemplated  locks  and  canals  are  com- 
pleted, and  convenient  roads  opened 
into  every  part  of  the  country,  all  which 
will,  it  is  expefled,  be  ac'compliflied  in 
the  rourie  of  a  few  years,  Albany  will 
probably  encreafe  and  flouriih  beyonU 
almoft  any  oth-:r  city  or  town  in  the 
United  States.  The  public  buildings 
are,  a  Low  Dutch  church,  of  ancient 
and  very  curious  conitru£Vion,  one  Tor 
Kpilcopidians,  two  for  Preibyterians, 
one  for  Germans,  or  High  Dutch,  and 
one  for  Methodifts ;  an  hoCpital,  city 
hall,  and  a  handtbme  brick  jail.  The 
coqwration  conltfts  of  a  mayor,  record- 
er, fix  aluermen,  and  as  many  afliftants. 
In  the  year  1609,  Henry  Hudfoit,  whole 
name  the  river  bears,  aiJcended  it  in  his 
boat  to  Auran'm,  the  fpot  on  whicli  Al- 
bany  now  (lands. 

The  improvements  in  this  city,  with- 
in 5  or  6  years  pnlf,  have  been  very  great 
in  almoR  all  refpefls.  Wharves  have' 
been  built  on  the  river,  the  ftfcets  have 
been  p.tved,  a  bank  iniUtuted,  a  new  and 
bandlbitte  ftyle  of  building  introduced, 
and  now  excellent  water  (:tn  article  in 
which  this  city  has  hitherto  been  ex- 
tremely deficient,  having  been  obliged 
to  ufe  thp  dirty  water  6t  the  river Ji  is 
A  3  about 


8  Att 

•botit  to  be  conduced  'mtol  tbe  variout 
IMUtaofthedty,  from  a  fitie  fprine  $ 
niHcs  weft  of  the  city.  For  thefe  im- 
provements tlie  inhabitants  are  indebt- 
ed to  the  patriotic  exertions  of  a  very 
RW  gentlemen^ 

One  mile  north  of  this  city»  in  its 
fuhurbsy  near  the  manor  houfe  of  lieu- 
tenant goTcmor  Van  Renflklaer,  are 
verv  ingeniouily  conftrufted,  extenfive 
anduTchilworicfl,  for  the  manufaAure 
of  Scotch  and  rappee  fnuiF,  roll  and  cut 
tobacco  of  different  kindsi  chocolate^ 
muftard,  ftarch,  hair-powder,  fplit  peafe, 
aiid  hulled  barley.  Thefe  valuable 
works  are  the  property  of  Mr.  James 
Caldwell,  who  unfortunately  loft  a 
complete  fet  of  fimilar  works  by  fire, 
in  July,  1 794,  with  the  ftock,  valued 
at  37,500  dollars.  It  is  a  circumflance 
worthy  of  remark,  and  is  evincive  of  the 
induftry  and  ente^rize  of  the  proprie- 
tor>  that  the  whole  of  the  prefent  build- 
ings and  machinery  were  begun  and 
completed  in  the  moit  Ipace  of  elevrn 
months.  Thefe  works  are  decidedly 
fuperior  to  any  of  the  kind  in  America. 
All  the  articles  above  enumerated,  even 
to  the  fpinning  of  tobacco,  are  manu- 
itiftured  by  the  aid  of  water  machineiy. 
For  the  invention  of  this  machinery  the 
proprietor  has  obtained  a  patent.  Thefe 
works  give  employment  and  fubfiftence 
to  40  poor  boys,  and  a  number  of  work- 
men. Men  who  make  i'uch  efforts  to 
advance  American  manufuiluies,  de- 
ferve  well  of  their  country. 

Albany,  aBritiHi  tortrefs  in  New 
South  Wales,  in  N.  America,  fituated 
en  the  river  of  the  fame  name.  N.  Ut. 
53.  10.  W.  long.  87.  to. 

Albany  River,  falls  into  James's 
bay,  in  N.  America,  in  N.  lat.  51.  30. 
W.  long.  84.  30.  This  river  nuis  in  a 
N.  E.  direction,  and  has  communica- 
tion with  a  vaft  chain  of  fmali  lakes,  in 
a  line  S.  W.  to  the  S.  end  of  Winnipeg 
lake,  a  body  of  water  next  in  fize  to 
Lake  Superior. 

Albemarle  County,  in  Virginia, 
lies  between  the  Blue  ridge  and  the  tide 
waters',  and  contains  11,585  inhabit- 
ants, including  5579  (laves.  Its  extent 
about  35  miles  Iquare. 

Albemarle  Sound,  on  the  coaft of 
North  Carolina,  is  a  kind  of  inlaml  Tea, 
60  miles  in  length>  and  from  8  to  1  a  in 
breadth.  It  lies  north  of  Pamplico 
Sound,  and  communicates  with  it }  as 


ALE 

it  likewlfe  does  with  Carritnck  Italcf. 
It  receives  Koanoke  and  Mfherrin  ii> 
vers ,  and  the  paifage  into  it  fram  the 
fea  is  called  Roanoae  Inlet. 

ALBtON,  NbWi  the  name  given  by 
Sir  Francis  Drake  to  California,  and 
part  of  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  America, 
when  he  took  poftlfion  of  it.  A  large 
iraaof  the  N.  W.  coaft  is  thus  called. 
Capt.  Cook  lamted  on  a  part  of  this 
coait  on  the  7th  of  March^  1778,  ii^ 
N.  lat.  74.  33.  E.  long.  a35.<  10.  which 
he  thus  dercribesi  "  The  land  it  full 
of  mountains,  tlie  tops  of  which  isre 
covered  with  fnow  |  ivhile  the  vallies 
between  them,  and  the  grounds  on  the 
fea-coaJi,  high  as  well  as  low,  are  co- 
vered with  trees,  which  form  a  beautiful 
profpeftj,  as  of  one  vaft  foreft.  At  iirtt 
the  natives  feemed  to  prefer  iron  to 
every  other  ailicle  of  commerce;  at 
lalt  they  preferred  brafs.  Theywerie 
more  tenacious  of  their  property  thaii 
any  of  the  favage  nations  that  had 
hitherto  been  net  with;  fo  that  they 
wouki  not  part  with  wood,  water,  gral'a, 
nor  the  moft  trifling  article  without  a 
compenfation,  and  were  lomctimes  very 
unreafonable  in  their  demands." 

Aldem,  Fort,  in  Cherry  Valley,  ii^ 
theftateofNew-York. 

ALEMPicoN,a  fmalllakenorthwai^ 
of  Lake  Superior. 

Alexandria,  a  townlhip  in  Graf- 
ton county,  New- Hamplhire,  c-ntaining 
198  inhabitants }  incorporated  in  1  v  *^r . 
ALEXANDRirA,  a  townfliip  in  Hun- 
terdon county/ New.  Jerfey,  containing 
1501  inhabitants,'inchifiveof  40  flaves. 
ALEXANORiA,a  fmall  town  in  Hunt- 
ingdon county,'  Fennfylvania,  on  the 
Frankftown  branch  of  Juniatta  river  ; 
192  miles  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Alexandria,  formerly  called  Bel- 
baven,  a  city  in  Virginia,  (ituated  on 
the  ibuthern  bank  of  the  Patowmac 
river,  in  Faiifax  county,  about  5  miles 
S.  W.  from  the  Federal  City,  60  S.  W. 
from  Bahimore,  60  N .  from  Frederickf- 
burgh,  168  N.  of  WilliamAurgh,  and 
190  from  the  Tea;  38,  45.  N.  lat.  and 
77.  10.  W.  long.  Its  litiiation  is  ele- 
vated and  pleal'aiit.  The  Ibil  is  clayey. 
The  original  fet  lers,  anticipating  its 
future  growth  and  importance,  laid  out 
the  flreets  on  the  plan  of  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  about  400  houfes,  many  of 
which  are  handfomely  built,  and  274S 
inhabitants.    This  city,  upon  opening 

the 


led  Bel 
lated  on 
itowinac 
5  miles 
loS.W.    . 
dertckl- 
gh,  and 
lat.  and 
\%  ele« 
clayey, 
atlng  it» 
laid  out 
delphia. 
ma»y  of 
knd  274^ 
,  opcnuig 
the 


6 


ALL 

in  conftqimct  df  Its  victnily  to  tte 
future  feat  of  the  federal  govcmmeat, 
bidf  lUr  to  be  one  of  tbe  moft  thriving 
commercial  placet  on  the  continent. 

AbPORD,  a  townfliip  in  BeriUMra 
coun^,  MaffiKhufettt,  containinK  577 
fadiabttaat*  \  145  mile*  weftwara  mm 
BoAoiu 

AtroRDSTOWM,  a  fmall  txmn  in 
Moor  county*  North-Carolina. 

Aloomqi^inSi  an  Indian  nation  in 
Upper  Caiada,  on  the  north  fide  of 
Lake  Huron. 

AlkaNsaS)  or  ArkMfM,  an  Indian 
natioQ  in  Louifiaiu*  on  the  weft  Me  of 
MiflSfippi  riyer,  near  the  river  of  the 
fame  name*  in  N.  lat.  34.  Sec  Arttm- 
fasRk/ir. 

Allburo»  a  townihip  in  Franklin 
county,  Vermont,  containing  44ft  inhabt. 
tantS}  fituatedonM{^Sl^l^<|^. 

Alleghany  Mumtaias,  between 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  the  ^ififfi/lppi  river, 
and  the  lakcc*  are  a  long  and  broad 
range  of  mountain!,  made  op  of  a  great 
number  of  ridges,  extending  north-eaft^ 
erly  and  fouth>wdftecIy,  nearly  parralld 
to  the  f^a  coaft,  about  900  miles  in 
IcMth,  and  from  60'  to  150  and  abo 
mitea  in  breadth.  Mr.  Evans  obferves, 
with  refpeA  to  that  part  of  thefe  moun- 
tains v^hich  he  travelled  over,  via.  in 
the  back  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  that 
fcarcely  ope  acre  in  ten  is  eajpable  of 
culture.  This,  however,  is  nur  from 
being  the  cafe  in  all  parts  of  this  range. 
Numerous  traAs  of  fine  arable  and 
graaing  land  intervene  between  the 
ridees.  The  different  ridges  which  com- 

Eoie  this  immenfe  range  ctf  mountains, 
ave  difieitnt  names  in  the  different 
ftates,  viz.  the  Bbu  tti^g*,  the  North 
Mbmaaimt  or  North  Ru^t,  or  DfoiVs 
Baek-hatUt  Laurel  Ri^t,  JaekfaCs 
Momitmtist  and  KHttOiiuy  Momitaius ; 
which  fee  uhder  thefe  names.  All  thefe 
ridges,  except  the  if/fr^i&Mjr,  are  broken 
throiighby  rivers,  which  apiiear  to  have 
forced  their  way  through  mid  rocks. 
This  principal  ridge  is  more  immedi- 
ately called  Allegminy,  and  is  defcrip* 
tively  named  the  Itfrl-^MM  o/tbt  United 
States.  From  thefe  feveral  ridees  pro- 
ceed innumerable  branches,  or  Ipurs. 

The  general  name  of  the  whole  range, 
taken  colleAiveiy,  feems  not  yet  to  have 
been  determined.  Mr.  Evans  calls  them 
tht  Sndleft  MowitMiUi  otfaera  have, 


csiHed  tlmi  fhe 


from  a  tribe  of  IndilUM  who  Uve  |b  h 
river  which  pnceeda  firom  tUs  mwi». 
tai%  called  ^  Appidacbicola  }  btit  the 
moft  cowimw  name  is  the  AUi^hi^ 
Mtimttthut  fo  called,  probably*  fima 
the  principal  ridge  of  the  tange.  Thefe 
moantaiosarenot  confofedfy  featten^ 
riling  herfe  and  there  Into  h^^  pdki, 
overtopping  each  other)  but  rim  ^ktajt 
in  uniform  rl  ^«s^  fearcely  hhlf  a  mue 
high.  Th^  fpiod  as  ybo  proceed 
fomh,  and  fome  of  them  terminate  ib 
h^h  perpehdicuhur  bluffs  t  odMTS  gr». 
dually  fuofide  into  a  level  country,  givu 
ink  rife  to  die  rivers  which  run  fimth- 
erfy  into  the  Oulph  of  Mexico. 

Alleghany  Rk/er,  to  Pennfylva. 
nia,  rifes  on  the  weftem  fide  of  die  Ai^ 
legbany  Mountain,  and  after  runnii^ 
about  aoo  miles  in  a  S.  W.  direftioir, 
ineets  the  Monongahela  at  Pitelbmv^ 
and  both  united,  form  die  Ohio.  T& 
lands  oh  each  fide  of  this  river,  for  150 
miles  above  Piufburg,  coofifl  of  whttfe 
oak  and  chefiiut  ridges j  and  in  many 
places  of  poor  pitch  pmes,  interQ;»«rftd 
with  tracks  of  good  land,  and  low  meafc 
dows.  This  river,  and  the  Ohio  like, 
wife,  from  its  head  wato^  undl  it  en* 
ters  the  Miflifippi^  are  known  and  call- 
cd  by  the  name  of  Allcehany  River,  by 
the  Seneca,  and  odier  tnbes  of  .the  Six 
Nations,  who  once  inhabited  it, 

Alleghany  CnMfjr,  in  PennArlva^ 
nia,  extends  from  the  junAion  at  the 
riverofthat  name  with  die  Ohio,  wh«re 
its  chief  town,  Pittfburg,  is  fituated,  to 
the  New- York  line.  It  contahis  10,360 
inhabitants,  mcluding  159  (laves. 

Alleghany,  is  the  moft  weftem 
county  in  Maryland,  and  has  Peanfyl. 
vania  on  the  north.  The  windings  of 
the  Patowmac  River  feparate  it  man. 
Virginia  on  the  fouth,  and  ^eling<hiU 
Creek  divides  it  from  WafliingtMi  oouD> 
ty  on  the  eaft.  It  contains  4109  inw 
nabitants,  ihchidin|;  15)  flaves.  Cum- 
berland is  its  chieftown. 

AlleM AENGEL,  a  fmall  Moravian 
(ettlement  on  Swetaia  River,  in  Penit- 
fylvania. 

Allemand,  a  river  which  falls  into 
the  Mifltfippi  from  tlw  S.  E.  about  43 
miles  S.  of  the  Natches. 

Allenstown,  a  town  in  New-Jer- 
fey,  in  Monmiuth  county,  15  milea  N. 
B.  from  Burlington,  and  13  S,  by  £. 
from  Princeton. 

A  4  Allenstown; 


M-X  "!  \  , 


loMlKMaii^,  iiiffw-HanpAiirat  con- 

,mSug  €u  inhiUtntt}  fituited  on 

-%mU*  ri4«ofMcrriituu:k  river,  ssimle* 

If;^.  of  Exeter,  a«d  40  fnm  Portf. 


ILllim  •  Town,  in  Pcnnfylvania, 
MdirthiraptoB  cminty,  <m  the  point  dl 
>fti  fermcd  by  Jordan's  ereek,  uidthc 
liltk  Lcheigh.  Itoonttint  about  90 
lioOfee,  anil  an  aoadem^. 

AfctowAY  Crtikt  in  Sakm  coantjrf 
JilUm»J«ftft  empties  into  the  Delaware. 
'    It'ia  nnrigid»le  16  ndlet,  interrupted, 
fcawcvw,  Of  levcral  draw-bridges. 

All^Saints,  iflands  near  Guada> 
IdoM  ifland,  in  the  Weft.Indics. 

ALL«£AiM-n,  n  parifli  id  XyeorK' 
temn  diibrift,  South-Carolina,  coQtain- 
Injl  aas5  inhabitants,  of  whom  ^*9  are 
vvBles,  and  1795  flaves.  It  fends  a 
pMBber  to  each  bou^  of  the  tote  legif. 
mute, 

All-Saimts  Baft  a  eaptaindiip  in 
the  nuddfe'diYifion  of  Brasil,  fo  caUed 
Awn  a  large  W  of  that  name,  bound- 
iriN.  byth*  KiaReal|  on  the  S^  by 
tbt  of  Las  Hbeos }  on  the  E.  by  the 
oeean }  and  on  the  W,  by  thrte  uncon- 
qoered  nations  of  Indians,  Ii  is  reck- 
oned one  of  the  richeftand  inoft  fertile 
,  ■:  captfinflups  in  all    Brazil,  producing 

m  CRat  quantities  of  cotton  and   fuj^r. 

l!lie  bay  itfelf  is  about  sf  leajpies  over, 
iiireirfperftd  with  a  number  of  Imall,'  but 
pkafiuit  iflands,  and  is  of  prodigious 
ndvantage  to  the  whole  country.  It 
has  feveral  cities  and  towns,  particularly 
St.  Sdvador,  which  is  its  capital.  All- 
Saints  Bqi^  liesinlat.  is. }.  S.  long.  40. 
10.  W.     See  Sah/ador. 

.Almaria.    See  FUIaRua, 

Almira,  a  town  in  Mexico.  See 
Jhjgtlu. 

Amesbvry,  a  floorifliing  town  in 
Bffiac  county,  Maflfachufetts,  on  the 
nortb  taeftem  bank  of  Merrimack  ri- 
fer,  about  four  miles  N.  W.  of  Ncw- 
buryport*  containing  1801  inhabit- 
puts.  Powv^s  civeir  divides  thetown- 
AJp  .  frons  Salifbiiry,  oyer  which  a 
faandfome  bridge  has  lately  been  ereft- 
,«d.  A  number  of  m\\\»  lie  on  this 
livir  round  the  Ipwel-  falls.  See 
rowawsmver, 

Alsti*>^  a  townfltip  in  Chefliire 
/county,  New-Hamplhire,  containing 
fill  ip&a|>itantf i  9  miles  S*  from 
CbarUflown. 


A  MA 

AltOK,  a  traft  of  land  in  Stfdibid 
conniiF,  New>Hampihiff«,  N.  £«  tnm 

A|.VAitAi>o,  a  river  in  New  Spain* 
which  rifes  in  the  mountains  of  the 
Z^potecu,  and,  after  making  a  circuit 
through  the  province  of  Maaaltant^'^^nd 
rccetvmg  feveral  fmcller .  fifers  aad^ 
ftreams,  enipties  into  the  Gulf  of  Meal* 
CO,  at  30  miles  diflance  from  Vera-  Chit* 

Amahibo,  a  town  on  the  coaft  <£. 
Guiana,  between  Paramaribo,  and  Cay« 
enne,  .•■''" 

Amapalla,  afeaport  town  in  die 
provinoeof  Guatimala,  in  North-Ancri- 
ca,  on  a  gulf  of  the  fame  namcr  aa» 
miles  S.  £.  of  the  town  of  Guatimabu^ 
N.  lat.  la.  30,  W.  kuDg,  t6.  40. 

Amariscoggin  Kiowr.  See^teAi^ 

Amatk^bs,  a  feaport  town  at  the 
mouth  of  Guanacos  river,  whicb  nnpf 
ties  into  the  Amatique  gulf,  or  gulf  of 
Honduras,  in  the  provinot  of  Vcr*  Pas^ 
Mexico.  The  inhabitanu  are  dbicAy 
logwood-cutters,  and  on  the  S.  of  the 

gilf  i<  a  traA  of  land  called  Awmtijiu  \ 
ndf  Lat.  15^.  a 3.  long.  89. 
AuAZONiA,  a  large  coutiny  in  Si. 
America,  1400  miles  in  length,  and  900 
in  breadth  j  fittutcd  between  the  equa^ 
tor  and  10  S.  lat.  and  bounded  N,:l^ 
Terra  Firma  and  Guiana )  £.  by  Mm*' 
ril  J  S,  by  Paraguay,  and  W.  by  Peru^ 
but  has  never  yet  been  thorougnly  ex*. 
olored.  TheriverAnvason,  called  alfo 
Maragnon,  the  latgcft  in  the  known 
world,  gives  name  to  this  country. ,  A 
great  number  of  rivers  which  rufli  down 
with  amazing  impetuoTity  ihun  the 
eaftetn  declivity  of  the  Andes,  unite  in 
a  fpacious  plaui,  and  form  this  immcnfe 
fjyer,  Tn  itsprogrefs  it  runs  3  300  miles 
from' Wt  tc  E.  acrofs  South-America. 
Some  of  the  rivers  which  fall  into  it  are 
very  broad  and  deep.  The  chief  of 
theie,  from  the  S.  and  S.  W.  proceed- 
ing from  the  mo\)th  weftward,  are  Are- 
gjaya,  Paratinaa,  Madrira,  Purus,  Yn^ 
.  y,  Yulacina,  and  Ucayai  rivers.  From 
the  N.  and  N.  W.  progrefling  from  its 
rsouth,  are  Paripa,  Negro,-  Yupura, 
Ifla  and  Napo,  which  laft  rifes  near 
thetownof  Archidona,  about  150  miles 
eaftward  of  Quito.  The  Amazon  is 
interfperfed  with  a  great  number  of 
iflands,  which  are  too  often  overflowed 
to  admit  of  culture.  It  falls  into  tlw 
Atlvttic  ocea|i  under  the  equator,  ^ 

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I XI I  iiib^ttantii  9  milet    S.    from  I  to  admit  of  culture.    It  h\U  into  thb 
Cin^rldhmii.  AUantip  ocean  under  the  equator,  ^aA 


Alii'  ;    •  "IK*"''  '^ 

fWrnPnackd^Orllb.   N.  of  w#yi»9b»  JMgr,  wkWi  At.       v 

AMUtouitB  JEg^  in  Und  fai 

Hanoftr  bajr^  o»  thrcaft  idk^  tli« 
Mninflil»  «t  Ywaatu^  Im  ^m  bajr    ' 

HMMMHH*     it 


m,  wto  Aid  Im  ikw  armed 
it»  kankt.  Ht  was  deituiad,  in  i|t(, 
d»  piMtnUa  iato  the  coturftt  of  thtfrtv-> 
«r»  wkkh'  ha  did  with  an  anaad  M^ 
■M.iiMight  /evarai  nationa  ol  Indlr.  ^ 
|Ul  bcaama  to  that  place  wbara  ha^w 
the  annad  wooicn,  who,  with  boars 
and  aiTowfl,  oppoftd  hit  paffiige. 

Thi  air  ia  cooler,  in  this  country  than 
conid  ba  ttpeAad*  conriderinf  it  ia 
fituatad  in  die  midaie  of  the  torrid 
aoMc.  This  is  partly  owhfir  lo  the 
heavy  raina  whicn  occafion  the  riven 
to  cTcrflow  their  banks  one  half  of  the 
year,  and  partly  to  the  cloudineft  of 
tba  wtatber»  whtch  obfcuret-  the;  fiin  a 
sftat  part  of  the  time  it  is  above  the 
Eoiiaon.  Durins  the  rainv  (ea(bn,  the 
oouatry  is  AibjeS  to  dreadful  ftorms  of 
thunder  and  lightninc. 

The  (oil^is  etitreniely  fertile,  prodtic- 
ing  a  great  variety  of  the  tropical  fruiti  j 
likewue  a  variety  of  timber,  at  cedar, 
'  red-wood,  pak,  ebony,  log-wood,  and 
many  other  forte  of  dying  wood}  to- 
gether with  tobacco,  fugar-canee,  Cot- 
ton, potatoes,  balfam,  hwiey,  tetu  The 
iwoMS  abound  with  tigers,  wild  boars, 
buflhloes,  deer,  and  game  of  various 
kinds.    The  rivers  and  lakes  abound 
witb  fiib*    Hera  are  alfo  fea  cowc  and 
turtlce}   but  the  alligators  and  water 
fcrpents    render   fifliing   a   dangerous 
cmploynMnt. 

The  natives  of  this  country  are  of  a 
good  ftatnre,  have  handforoe  features, 
long  black  hair,  and  are  of  a  copper 
cok>ur. .  They  are  faid  to  have  a  tafte 
for  the  imitative  arts,  efpecially  paint- 
ing and  fculptnre,  and  turn  out  good 
mechanics.    They  fpin  and  weave  cot- 
ton cloth.    Their  houfts  are  built  with 
wood    md   clay,    and  thatched  with 
reeds.     Their  arms  in  general,   are 
darts  and  javelins,  bows  and  arrows, 
with  tai^s  of  cane  or  fi(h  flcins.  The 
feveral  nations  are  governed  by  chiefs 
or  caciques  {   it  being  obfervable  that 
the  monarchical  form  of  government 
-has  prevailed  almoft  univerl'ally,  both 
among  ancient  and  modern  nations,  in 
a  rude  ftate  of  focicty.    The  regalia 
which  diftinr  uifli  th^  chiefs,  are  a  prown 
of  paniotH  feathers,  a  chain  of  tiger's 
teetn  or  claws,  which  hang  round  the 
waift,  and  a  wooden  fword. 
Am BBK  fipji,  ofi  the  pcninlula  of 


vvwrlan, 
the  bay,  is  ;o  miki*<k«gf  bsftw^aav* 
row.    8ec  Afimfim  kti^ 
Amboy.    8ec  fnw  Asly. 
AmAROSI,  8t.  an  ifland  in  the  S*  Vn- 
cifi«  ocean,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  4  or 
S  kagaes  doe  W.  from  St.  FeUn  iAual. 
At  firpL  vkw,  it  appeara  like  two  finaM 
iflands*  bnt  after  ainaarar  ai^rQaeh,  k 
ia ioiiml.they  are     '->ed  by  a  reef*    It 
lies  b  «6. 13.  S.  .r.  aitdSo.  55.  W. 
long,   from  Greenwich.     There  i9rji 
large  rock  4  miles  to  the  northwwd  «f 
the  ifland,  called,  from  its  app«nR|KC» 
Stal  rock.     Capt.  Roberts,-  who  wan 
here  in  1791,  tbimd  St.  FeliaUtendinu 
accefltble.    On  St.  Ambrofrifland,  hia 
crew  killed  and  cured  13,000  St§.\  fldna 
ofthebeftc|uality,infievenvirecks.  Tha 
ifland  has .  little  die  to  i-ecommend  it. 
Fifti  and  crawfifli  abo\uKl.    The  bcft 
feafon   for  fealine  is  from  the  tft  d 
April  to  the  ift  o?  Aoguft.  The  iflmid 
has  the  appearance  of  navlng,  had  voU 
canic  eruptions.  '  c  ■  ■■ 

Amelia,  a  county  in  Vlrgmin,  fitu- 
ated  between,  the  Bhie-ridge  and  tha 
tidewaters,  having  Cumberland  cowik 
ty  U,  Prince  Georn  county  E.  and 
Lunenburg  county  S.  and  W.  Anie> 
lia,  tncludmg  Nottaway,  a  new  county, 
contains  18,097  inhabitants,  of  whom. 
ft,  j7  are  (laves. 

Ambua  J/b,  on  the  coaft  of  E.Flo- 
rida, lies  about  7  leagues  N.  c»f  St.* 
Auguftine,  and  very  near- Talbot  ifland 
on  the  S.  at  the  mouth  of  St.  John's 
river.  It  is  1 3  miles  long  and  t  broad, 
is  very  fertile,  and  has  an  excellent  har^ 
bouri  Its  N.  end  lies  oppofite  Cum. 
berland  ifland,  l>etween  which  and  Ame- 
lia Ifle  is  the  entry  into  St.  Mary's  r'lv-w 
er,  b  N.  lat..  30.  5s.  VV.  long.  67,  *}w 
Amelins,  fror  A,  is  a  Ibiith  eaftem 
head  branch  of  Wabafti  river,  wbofe 
mouth  is  9  miles  N.  E.  fronvthe  mouth 
of  Saiamanie  river,  and  45  miles  S.  W. 
from  the  Miami  vilbge  and  fort. 

Amoenia,  a  thriving  ^owhfliip  in 
Dutchefs  county,  New.  York,  6  milea 
dlflant  from  Sharon,  in  ConneAicut. 
It  contains  3078  inhabitants,  of  whom 
383  are  electors.  .  ^t 

AME^IQA,  is  piti  of  the  fQur  quar- 
■'->-.  ten 


;-V 


fo  AMB 

ttvft  of  IW  WMrU,  pMbaMythf  Imd 
•t'tht  whole,  ud  isi  from  itt  iMedif* 
covtrjf,  fra^umtly  dcnominattd  the 
JKr«i;  JPMV,  or  ^m«  Htmi/^ktrt.  This 


ftft  country  «iite»cU  from  the  j6th  do- 

nof  •.  tat.  to  the  north  pole,  and 
the  5sth  to  the  i«](th  degree  of 


yf.  ion^.  Jrom  Greenwich.  It  ie  near. 
iy  ivtooo  aaile*  in  langih.  Its  ateoifB 
WeatU.S  may  be  about  itoo  or  aooe 
PmIm.  h  ha*  two  finRniera«  and  a  do«* 
Hr  winter,  and  ei^oye  ahnoA  all  the 
VBfictjr  of  climatce  which  the  earth 
•fibnie.  It  it  waflied  hw  two  great 
otcant.  To  the  eaftwanl  it  baa  the 
Atlantic,  which  ditridl^e  it  ftom  Europe 
and  Africa.  T«  the  W.  h  hat  the  Pa* 
oiic,  or  Great  South  Sea,  by  which  it 
ia  iefwrated  from  Afia.  By  thefe  it 
earriea  on  ■  direft  oommerce  with  the 
other  thaea  partt  of  the  world.  Ame. 
rka  i»  divide^  i|iro  two  great  cootinenta, 
called  AferrA  i|nd  SmUh  Amtrica,  by  an 
tthnraa  about  50ft  miles  long)  and 
wbichy  at  Darien,  about  lat.  ^.  N.  is 
only  60  mtks  overt  other  writers  fay 
$f^  miles.  This  ifthmus,  with  the 
■orthem  and  (buthem  continents,  forms 
the  Onlph  of  Mexico,  in  and  near 
which  lie  a  great  number  of  iflands, 
called  the  Wl^-Miet,  in  contradiftinc. 
•km  t»  the  eaAem  parts  of  Afia,  which 
an  caUed  the  Em/t-hdi«s, 

In  America  nature  fecms  to  have  car- 
ried on  her  operations  upon  a  larger 
fcale,  and  with  a  bolder  Hand,  and  to 
have  diftinguilknd  the  fraturcs  of  this 
country  by  a  peculiar  magnificence. 
The  fflonatains  of  America  are  much 
fitperior  in  height  to  tbefr  in  the  other 
divifions  of  the  globe.  Even  the  )ilaln 
of  Qgito,  which  may  be  conftdercd  as 
the  bafe  of  the  Anelest  is  elevated  far> 
ther  above  the  level  of  the  fea  than  the 
top  of  the  Pyrenees  in  Europe )  and 
Chimborazo,  the  moii  tievatrd  point 
of  tlie  Andes,  is  ao,affo  feet  high,  which 
is  at  le&ft  7  lot  feet  above  the  peak  of 
Teneriffe.  From  the  lofty  and  cxten. 
five  mountains  of  America,  deicend 
rivers,  with  which  the  ftreams  of  Eu- 
rope, of  Afia,  or  of  Africa,  ai-e  not  to 
be  conipareil,  either  for  length  of  courfe, 
or  for  the  vait  body  of  water  which 
they  convey  to  the  ocean.  The  Ca- 
nnbe,  the  Indus,  the  Ganges,  or  the 
Vile,  in.the  eafkm  hemifphere,  are  not 
of  equal  magnitude  even  with  the  St. 
Sawrencei  the  Miflburi,  or  the  Mifll- 


r*. 


A1HB 

li^t  bi  Itonh  Amerloa  1  and  Ml  fii^ 
ihort  of  the  Amason,  ant  the  Lii  Fku 
ta*  in  Bovtli>AiMrica. 

The  lakea  of  the  New  Worii  ars  im 
left  oonrpkaeus  for  grandear  thaa  Hi 
moHntamaaad  rivws.  ThcitlanMi* 
Imfai other  parts  of  tht  glbba  wbkb 
rewmUaa  the  ytvoMutu  ohafli  of  wkat 
wn  Nartb*  AmancOf VIC.  wtpaiiar,  Aucnii* 
gan,  Ihw— ,  Erie»  aad  Qar^rie.  Thqr 
mav  ba  ■roiierlv  tennad  ImImmI  fina  01 
fr<e&  water.  And  even  thofii  of  tbf 
iccond  or  third  ebfs,  wrt  of  matfr 
cii«uie,  f  the  Cafpiaa  fea  cMeplcd)  th«i 
the  grcmi  lake  of  the  aiKllnit  c«r4* 
aent. 

The  Imuiiaacc  ti  tha  vtgltidtle  cre^ 
atien  in  the  New  Worid  ia  eatremelj 
great.  In  tha  ibutheni  praviaoeas 
where  the  mmftivt  if  the  climate  ia 
aided  by  the  warmth  of  the  fun,  tha  > 
woods  are  almoft  impenriona,  and  tha 
furfoca  of  tha  f^rouiui  is  hkl  from  the 
eye  under  a  tl^ick  covering  of  durubs^ 
of  herbs,  and  we^s.  In  tna  northeni 
provinces,  although  tlie  fereds  are  not  ' 
mcumbercd  with  the  Aime  wild  lumiru 
aace  of  vegetation,  tlio  trees  of  varioui 
fpeciea  arc  nnerally  more  loftr»  and 
often  mufh  larger,  than  are  to  be  feei| 
in  any  other  parts  of  the  worM* 

This  vaft  country  produces  moll  of 
the  ipetals,  minerals,  plants,  fruks(  fcc. 
to  be  inet  with  in  the  other  ports  of 
the  wo^,  and  manj  of  tliem  in  pvat. 
er  quantities,  and  \n  hioh  perfmionk 
The  gold  and  filver  of  America  have 
fupplied  Europe  with  thoTe  precioua 
metala.  The  goM  and  filver  of  Europe 
now  bear  little  oroportion  to  the  high 
price  fet  i^ion  tbem  befo^pe  the  difcove^ 
17  of  America.  It  alfo  proJucea  dia- 
monds, pearls,  eimcralds,  amethvft^ 
arid  other  valuable  Aohes.  To  tnefe» 
which  are  chiefly  the  ^iroduAions  of 
South-America,  may  be  added  a  great 
number  of  other  commcdities,  wnich^ 
tbouali  of  lefs  price,  are  of  much  great> 
er  ule.  Of  thefe  are  the  plentUuT  fup. 
plies  of  cochineal,  indigo,  anatto,  logw 
wood,  brasil,  fuftic,  punenta,  lignuit*. 
vitse,  rice,  ginger,  cocoa,  or  the  choco- 
late-nut,  fugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  banil- 
las,  red-woMi,  the  baliiuns  of  Tolu, 
Peru,  and  Chili,  that  valuable  article  in 
medicine,  tbr  JeAiit's  bark,  mechoacan^ 
faflafras,  larraparilla,  callia,  tamarinds, 
hides,  furs,  ambergrife,  and  a  great  va- 
riety of  woodsj  rootsii  aad  pnnu,  to 

^        v'hicli| 


AM  B 

wkieh,  brfbrt  llMdiAofvtry  of  Amcifca, 
the  European*  w«rt  ttehcr  tfMirt  ftnyw 
g«r«(  or  wbkh  they  wtrc  forced  to  buy 
•t  an  mtravagant  rate  from  Afia  aad 
Africa*  through  the  hamlt  of  the  Ve- 
netiani  and  Gcnoeie,  who  then  en- 
groflad  the  trade  of  the  vaftcm  world, 

On  this  continent  there  grows  alfo  a 
variety  of  excellent  native  fruita )  aa 
pineapplet,  ciironat  iemone,  orange*, 

pomegranate*,  Ags^  fP*?*** "  i"*^  *'* 
riety  ofculinafy,  medicinal,  rad  other 
herbs,  rooti  and  plants,  with  many  ex- 
otic iMToduAioiis,  which  are  brouglit 
to  as  great  perfcAion  as  in  th^ir  native 
ibil. 

Notwithftanding  the  man^  rettlc 
menra  of  the  Europeans  on  this  conti- 
nent, great  part  of  America  remain* 
llill  unknown.  The  northern  conti- 
nent contains  the  fourBritiih  provinces, 
via.  I.  U^er  Canada  \  %.  Lrwer  Ca- 
gMUtf  to  wnich  are  annexed  Nnu-Brit- 
aim,  and  the  idand  of  Caft-Brrton ; 
f.  Kfw-Bnnfwicki  4.  N«va  Setiia, 
to  which  i*  annexed  St.  Jebn"!  iJUtnd. 
Bcfides  thefe  are  the  idand  of  Ntwj- 
foimdlandt  and  the  Jixtitn  United 
States.  It  contains  alio  the  SpantOi 
territories  of  EaJI  and  Wefl  Florida, 
LeuyUuia,  N*w  MtJfieot  Cedtfrnrma,  and 
Mexico.  Befide  thefe,  there  are  im- 
inerile  unexplored  regions  to  the  W. 
and  N.  W.  In  the  fouthern  continent, 
lie  the  -Spani/h  provinces  of  Ttrra 
Firma,  Guiana,  rem,  Paragtun,  and 
Chilli  together  wirh  that  of  Brazil, 
belonging  to  the  Portuguefe,  and  the 
country  of  Surinam,  belonging  to  the 
JDutch.  Vaft  traAs,  however,  in  the 
inland  parts,  are  unknown,  being  com- 
prehended under  the  general  name  of 
Amazonia,  tbrmerly  called  Maragnon. 
A  large  diftri£t  alfo  lies  between  the 
ftraits  of  Magellan  and  the  province  of 
Paiaguay,  called  Patagonia,  little 
known. 

America,  fo  far  as  known,  is  chiefly 
claimed  and  divided  into  colonies,  by 
three  European  nations,  the  Spaniards, 
Britiih,  and  Portug^ieie.  The  Span- 
iards, as  they  firft  difcovered  it,  have 
the  laigeft  and  richeft  portion,  extend- 
ing from  Luuifiana  and  New  Mexico, 
in  North-America,  to  the  ftrairs  of 
Magellan,  in  the  South  Sea,  excepting 
the  large  province  of  Brazil,  which 
belongs  to  Portugal,  tor,  though  the 
French  aiid  Dutch  have  fome  forts  upon 


A  KB  '49 

StirbMin  and  Quiana»  rhtjr  fcarccljr  4»* 
Ijrrva  to  he  conidaicd  M  pnoprittora  of 
any  part  of  the  fouthcm  MNtMcM. 

Next  to  Spain  the  m«ft  coi.fidcrabU 
proprietor  of  Amcrioi  waa  Gvsat  Briii* 
ain,  who  derivrd  her  claim  to  NMrdi« 
America  from  tlic  firft  diic«vary  of  thM 
continent,  by  Scbaftian  Cabot,  k  tho 
name  oi  Ueniy  VII.  of  England,  ia  tho 
ycor  i497»  about  5  years  after  the  dis- 
covery of^Bouth-  America  by  Culnmbutf 
in  the  name  of  the  king  of  Spain.  Tht 
country  was  in  general  called  Hrrnm 
JeumUandt  a  name  'which  ia  now  ap- 
propriated folely  to  an  ifland.  oa  its 
coalt.  It  was  a  long  time  before  tho 
Englifli  mads  any  attempt  to  fettle  ia 
this  country.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  aa 
uncommon  genius,  and  a  brave  coou 
mander,  firft  (hewed  the  way,  by  plant- 
ing a  colony  in  the  Ibuthem  port,  whick 
he  called  Virginia,  in  honour  of  quaea 
Elisabeth,  who  was  unmarried. 

The  French,  indeed,  from  thia  peKo4 
until  the  conclufion  of  the  w^  of  ITI^ 
laid  a  claim  to,  and  actually  poflcflcd* 
Canada  and  Louifiana,  but,  in  thttt 
war,  they  were  not  only  driven  froift 
Canada,  and  its  dependencies,  but 
obliged  to  relinquifli  all  that  .part  of 
Louiilana  lying  on  the  £.  fide  of  tho 
Miflifippi  i  and  the  Britidi  colonies* 
at  the  peace  of  1763,  extended  io  far 
as  to  render  it  difilcult  to  ufceitam  the 
precife  bounds  of  the  empire  of  Gi-eat.. 
Britain  in  North- America.  To  tho 
nortliward,  Britain  might  have  extendi 
ed  her  claims  quite  to  the  p:>le.  From 
that  extremity,  Ihe  had  a  territory  ex* 
tending  foutliward  to  Cape  Florida, 
in  the  Gulphof  Mexico,  in  N.  lat.  af. 
and,  confequently,  near  4000  miles  ia 
a  dired  line.  And  to  the  weftward* 
the  boundaries  were  unknown  {  but 
having  entered  into  impolitic  dilputet 
with  ner  colonies,  (he  brought  on  a 
war,  of  which  (he  felt  the  ruinoua 
effefls,  by  the  difmeniberment  of^her 
empire  in  North-America  1  and  Briti(h 
America,  at  the  peace  in  1783,  was 
circumlcrihed  within  tiie  narrow  limits 
already  mentioned. 

America  was  very  probably  peopled 
early  after  the  flood.  Who  were  the 
flrft  people  of  America  ?  And  whencf 
did  they  come  ?  are  q  eftionst  concern* 
ing  which  much  has  been  faid  and 
written.  Dr.  Kobertlbn  and  the  Abba 
Clavigero  have  attempted  a  (blution  of 

them* 


m  AMH 

«lierii.  A  ftntttntry  of  thdrepintens 
may  be  fewid<^  th«  jbnericM  Unvtr- 
/d OMgrapfyf-f.  78.  *$• 

It  bat  been  common,  in  eftimating 
■tke  population  oi°  the  whole  world,  to 
«How  ifo  milliona  to  America.     But 
(hi*  IS  probably  three  times  their,  rtal 
fliumber.    For  if  we  fiippofe  ever^  part 
•f  the  whole  continent  of  America  to 
be  as  popukus  as  the  United  States, 
^wirich  is  not  the  caf<r)  the  whole  num- 
ber will  be  but  about  60  millions.  The 
«xaA  number  is^probably  confiderably 
-lets.    T  .e4>refent  Americans  may  be 
divided  into  two  general  clafTes.  *Ftrft, 
tiK  proper  Americans,  commonly  cai- 
Jcd  Indians,  foroetinies  Aborigines,  or 
CkoTe  who  are  defcended  from  the  firit 
iuhabitants  of  the  new  world,  and  who 
bave  not  mixed  their  blood  with  the 
inhabitants  of  the  old  continent.    Se- 
condly, -thofe  who  have  migrated,  or 
have  been  tranfported  to  America,  fmce 
its  difeovery  by  Columbus,  and  their 
4d'cendant«.     The  former  may  be  fub- 
^divided  into  three  cbfles.     Firft,  the 
.South-American  Indians,  who  proba- 
bly came  over  firom  the  northern  and 
^eftem  part*  of  Africa,  and  the  ibuth- 
«m  ports  of  Afia  and  Europe.    Se. 
condly,  the  Mexican!),  and  all  the  In- 
dians fouthof  the  lakes  and  wift  of  the 
^iflUippi.    Thirdly,  the  inhabitants  of 
Sfquimeaux,  .T.abiador,  and  the  coun- 
tries around  i.h;^m.      The  latter  may 
alfo  be  diOing'.  <iihed  hv.o  thrrc  clafTes. 
Firft,  Eoropeutit  nf  *nauy  differcot  na> 
tirns,  who  hav«'  mi^^ratcd  tu  America, 
•nd    their    dcfcencinnts,    of    unmixed 
blood.     In  fhis  c  afs  we  include   the 
Spaniards,  Englifh,  Scotch  Jri(h,Freiich, 
Portuguer?,  Germans,  Dutch,  Sweu^s, 
Jltc.  both  in  North  and  South^  America. 
Secondl/,    Africans,  wlu>  have    been 
tranfprHted  to  America  and  its  iflands, 
and  '^heir  deiicendanti.    Thirdly,   the 
inix«d  breeds  called  by  the  Spaniards, 
CaflaSf  by  the  Bnglith  Mulattoes,  that 
11^  thofe  who  are  dcl'cendcd  from  an 
European  and  an  American,  or  from 
•II  European  and  African,  or  froa>  an 
Afiican  and  American. 

Ambwki.i.,  is  the  moft  populous 
town  in  litinwrdown  county,  New-Jer- 
fuy.  It  contains  5x01  inhabitants,  in- 
ciuding  1X3  fl:tvra. 

Amherst,  a  townHiip  in  Cumber- 
land county.  Nova  Scotia,  iituated  on 
Chij;n«^  Bafon^  wn  the  S.  fide  pf  I^  | 


A  M  O 

Fitneh  Kiver,  and  on  tW  riirera  Napian 
and  Macon.  Th«  navigation  of  the 
twi>  lad  is  difficult  on  account  of  fhoals. 
The  town  was  fettled  by  North  Irifht 
Yorkiliire  and  New-England  people.  - 

Amherst,  the  (hire-town  cf  Hil'A 
borough  county,  Ntw-Hathj^ire,  is'H 
town  of  Tome  note,  formerly  Sotdte^an 
Wejit  and  was  originally  gr<^nted  from 
Maffachufitts.  It  has  a  369  inhabitants, 
ami  was  incorp.*rated  in  176a.  The 
Aunan  Academy  was  founded  here  in 
)7<>o.  A  few  yenrs  a«o,  tlie  town- 
fiiip  being  much  infiefted  with  wulvet, 
the  people,  on  a  day  appointed',  fur- 
rounded  a  large  fwamp  which  they  fi'&> 
quented,  and  kept  op  an  incelliint  fir- 
ing of  guns  and  heating  of  drums  the 
whole  day}  which  mufic  forced  the 
wolves  to  decamp  the  fioilowing  night, 
with  dilhial  bowlings  }  and  they  have 
never  done  any  milchief  in  the  town 
iince.  Amhertt  lies  on  a  northern 
branch  of  Souhegan  River,  which  falls 
into  Merrimack  River,  and  is  60  miles. 
W.  of  Poitlmouth,  and  53  N.  W.  of 
Bofton.  N.  lat.  41.  54.  W.  long.  71. 
33. 

Amhbrst,  a  townAiip in Hamplhiiv 
county,  MuR'achuletts,  containing  1S3) 
inhabitants}  91  miles  weiierly  from 
Bofton,  and  about  eight  north-eafterly 
from  Northampton. 

Amherst  Cnrnpt  in  Virginia,  lies 
between  the  Blue  Kidge  and  the  tide 
waters,  and  contains  11,703  inhabit 
tants,  including  5196  flaves.  It  lies  o« 
the  nortlvof  James  River. 

Amicit,  a  lake  in  the  province  of 
Curaana,  South- America,  whole  wa- 
ters run  foutbwardly  through  Parima 
River  into  the  Amazon. 

Amilpas,  two  volcanoes  in  the  pro< 
vince  of  Guatimahi,  in  N.  Spain,  near 
the  mountains  of  Soconufco. 

Amonoosuck,  an  Indian  name  giv. 
en  to  two  rivers  in  New-Hampfhire : 
the  oi:e  is  called  Upffr  Amonuoliiclc, 
pafTing  through  a  track  of  excellent 
meadow.  It  rifes  near  the  north  end  • 
of  the  White  Hills,  runs  northerly 
about  15  miles,  where  is  a  carrying 
place  of  about  three  miles  to  Amaril- 
coggin  River.  From  thence  tite  river 
runs  S.  W.  and  W.  nearly  iS  miles, 
and  empties  into  the  Connefficut  at 
Nnrthu-nl)erlaiid,  near  the  Upper  Coos. 

Th'  ^ther  it  callid  Great  or  /.ootrr 
Aipuooi^uck,  which  iili:s  on  the  weft 


AMU 

fi4c  of  the  White  Moant^iiit.  It  &Ht 
int9  the  ConneAicut  ju<t  above  the 
town  of  Haverhill,  in  Lower  Coos,  by 
a  mouth  loo  yards  wide.  Abotit  two 
milea  from  its  mouth  it  receives  ff^iU 
Amnttfuck,  40  yai-dt  wide»  from  Fran- 
conia  and  Lincoln  Mountains.  Two 
or  tlure  hours  rain  raUes  the  water  in 
l^is  lalt  mentioned  river  ieT;-ral  feet, 
and  occafions  a  current  fo  furious  as 
to  put  in  motion  ftonrs  of  a  foot  in  di- 
•meter,  but  its  violence  ibon  fubiides. 

AMOTArs,  a  town  near  Tumbez, 
lying  near  the  fliore  of  the  South  Sea, 
In  the  empire  of  Peni.  Being  near  a 
river  of  fine  water,  the  adjacent  coun- 
try is  highly  improved.  Lat.  4..  1 5. 4-3*  S. 

Ampalla,  by  fome  authors  called 
Amp^tMf  a  city  and  feaport  in  Guati- 
mala  Gulf,  .in  that  of  Mexico,  };o 
miles  S.  E.  of  the  city  of  Guatimala, 
andcai;ries  on  a  briflc  trade  in  cochi- 
neal, cocoa,  hiiles,  indigo,  &c. 

Ampahes,  a  3urifdi6iion  under  the 
archbiAiop  of  Plata,  eaftward  of  that 
city,  in  the  empire  of  Peru.  It  abounds 
in  grain  and  cattle. 

Amstekdam,  New,  was  the  name 
originally  ;<^iven  by  the  Dutch  to  the 
city  of  New. York,  Alfo,  an  lAand 
in  the  South-Sea,  S.  S.  W.  of  the 
Friendly  Iflands,  »nd  not  far  diftant 
from  them. 

Amsterdam,  a  new  townflup  in 
Montgomery  county,  New. York.  It 
contains  935  inhabitants,  who  are  elec- 
tors. 

Amvskbao  Falls,  in  N.;w-Himp- 
fhire,  aie  on  Merrimack  River,  fixtten 
miles  below  C<  ncord,  and  leven  below 
Hookfet  Falls.  It  confilU  of  thiee 
pitches,  one  below  tliu  oilier,  lb  that 
the  water  fails  about  80  fert  in  the 
courfc  of  half  a  mile.  The  fccond 
pitch,  which  may  lie  lecn  foin  the  roati, 
on  the  W.  fiile,  is  truly  maicllic.  In 
the  middle  of  the  iipptr  part  of  the  fail 
is  a  high  HK-ky  illami,  on  the  top  of 
which  are  a  nuinbtr  ot  pits,  made  ex.' 
aftly  round,  like  banvU  or  hogdieads, 
ibme  of  wliich  nre  cnpabk  at  hi>iding 
feveral  tons;  formed  l)y  the  circular 
motion  of  fmall  ilon^'«,  impfilal  by  the 
force  of  the  defending  water.  Thtre 
is  a  bridge  acrois  the  tails  556  feet  in 
length,  and  10  in  breadth,  coiiliftinsj  ol' 
aoon  tons  oK  timber,  and  made  paflkble 
for  travellers  57  days  after  it  wiu  be- 
gun.    N.  lat.  42.  59. 


AvAM vac,  the  ancient  Indian  nawB 
of  New-Spain,  or  Mexicw 

An  AST  ATI  A,  St.  a  finall  iflaad  doft 
to  the  coaft  of  Baft-Fkirida,  fitattad  Sw 
of  Maftancet  Inlet,  where  the  river 
Maftanecs  forme  two  iflands  of  iIm 
fame  name  at  itsnfionth.  St.  Anaftatia 
iiland  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  St;  Au-  ' 
gulline's  bar.  Here  is  a  qvarry  of  fine 
ftone  for  building. 

Anclotb  Pn»t,  on  the  penlnfula  «f 
California,  and  coaft  of  the  North  Pa>« 
cific  Ocean,  lies  in  the  joth  deg.  of  N. 
iat.  and  iifithof  W.  long,  fouthet  / 
from  the  town  of  Velicata,  and  N.  E. 
from  the  iinall  iiland  of  Guadaioupe. 

Ancocus  Cretkt  in  New-Jertty,  a 
water  of  the  Delaware,  <  miles  S.  V/. 
from  Burlington.-  It  is  navigable  16 
miles  ;  and  confiderable  quantities  tif 
lumber  are  exported  from  it. 

Anco,  a  fmall  town  of  South. Ame- 
rica, 3  leagues  from  the  city  of  Gna« 
manga. 

Amdaguaylas,  a  jurifdiftion  in 
South-America,  in  the  empire  of  Peru, 
fubje£l  to  t}ie  archbiOibp  of  Lima}  iy« 
ing  E.  by  ,S.  of  the  city  of  Gnamanga. 
It  abounds  in  fugar  plantations,  grain 
of  moft  forts,  and  fruits. 

Andalusia,  New,  a  province  of 
Terra  Firma,  on  the  cpafl  of  the  At- 
lantic, oppofite  the  Leeward  Iflandt. 

Andast^ks,  an  Indian  nation  in  Ca- 
nada. 

Andes.  The  priiKipal  mountahis 
on  this  wcflern  continent  are  the  Ctr- 
dillera  de  hs  Andex,  or  Great  Chain 
of  Andes,  in  South-America.  They 
ftretch  along  the  Pacific  Ocean  from 
the  ftraits  of  Magt-llan  to  the  ilthmus 
of  Darien  or  Panauin,  upwaixis  of  4000 
miles ;  thence  they  nm  through  the 
exteiifive  kingdom  of  New- Spain,  till 
tliey  lofe  themfclvt-s  in  the  unexplored 
countries  of  the  North.  In  New-Spain, 
the  mott  confi'.lera'  uart  of  t!»is  chain 
is  called  Sierra  Nuuii,  particularly  in 
Cinaloa  and  'larahximery,  provinces 
i-tco  miles  dillMMt  from  the  capital. 
Further  N.  they  have  been  called,  from 
their  bright  appearance,  the  Skinin^ 
Mountains.  Tlie  height  of  Chimbora- 
20,  the  moft  elevatctl  jk/uu  of  this  vaft 
chain,  is  20,280  feet  alcove  the  level  of 
the  feaj  which  is  7102  feet  hightr  than 
any  -other  moinitain  in  the  known 
world.  The  Andes  commonly  form 
two  ridgea  as  they  iuu,  the  one  higher 

and 


* 


t4  ANI^ 

adl  k)iMcir»  and  covered  with  £(iow>  rJl- 
thoush  in  tbc  ^torrid  xone}  tli«  other 
fivttntl  m  wi»dt»  groves,  &e.  Thb 
kttcr  aboHiidt  with  wild  hogs )  and 
iMep  called  gusrnacos,  reiemblmg  a 
camel  in  ftutpe,  but  of  a  fmaller  1ixe» 
whofe  hair  for  ibftnefs,  fimrnefs,  and 
colour  ts  preferred  to  (ilk.  The  Atides 
hare  i6  Tokanoes»  which  break  out  in 
Tarious  places*  and  by  melting  the 
fiiow,  occaiiott  futh  torrents  of  water, 
that  numbers  of  men  and  cattle'  have 
veriflied»  They  are  only  paflable  in 
.Mnimer,  and  require  3  or  4  days  to 
leach  tlie  top  of  any  one  of  the  higheft. 

Andover,  a  krge,  fertile  and  thriv- 
ing town  in  Effirx  county,  Maflkchu* 
fttts.  It  contains  1863  inhabitants,  in 
two  pnriflies.  In  the  South  pari/h  are 
a  paper  milt  and  poiinler  mill,  from  the 
latter  of  which  the  army  received  large 
Ibppties  of  gim-powder  in  the  late  war. 
There  is  an  excellent  academy  in  this 
town,  called  •*  Phillips  Academy," 
which  owes,  its  <exiftence  to  the  liberal 
benefactions  of  the  iamily  whole  name 
it  bears.  Andover  \%  under  excellent 
cultivstion,  parcicularly  that  part  which 
is  watered  by  Shawdieen  Kiver.  It 
lies  about  10  miles  W.  fromNewbury- 
port,  and  about  z%  N.  from  Bofto'n. 

Andover,  in  HillftorouEh,  New. 
Hampfliire,  contains  645  inhabitants, 
and  was  incorporated  1779. 

Andover,  is  the  fouth-weftemmoft 
townfliip  in  Windlbr  county,  Vermont, 
hat  Chelter  on  the  E.  lies  3«  miles  N. 
£.  of  Bennington,  and  contains  175 
inhabitants. 

Andover,  a  place  in  Soilex  county, 
New-Jerfey^  near  the  fource  of  Pequeft 
River,  5  miles  S.  S.  £.  from  New-Town, 
and  16  in  the  fame  diret^Uon  from  Wal- 
pack. 

Andre,  St.  a  town  in  the  kingdom 
of  Leon,  in  Novth-America,  near  the 
mouth  of  NalTas  Kiver,  which  falls  into 
tlte  Giuif  of  Mexico. 

Andreanoffski  IJUSi  a  crefccnt  of 
Ifles  between  Afia  and  America,  dil'cov- 
•red  in  1760.  See  Behring'j  S traits y 
and  Northern  Archipelago. 

Andres,  St.  or  Andreas,  an  ifland 
on  the  Mufquito  fliore,  otf  the  Pearl 
Keys.  N.  lat.  11.  30.  W.  long.  82.  30. 

Andrew^s,  St.  a  fmall  town  in  the 
contcfted  country  between  New  Bninf- 
wick  an<i  the  United  States  ^  fituated 
in  the  reaf  ui  wn  idand  of  the  fame 


niiAr»  on  the  te.  fide  of  tB«  arm  it  M 
inner  bay  of  Paffinnaquoddy,'  called 
Scoodick.  The  'town  is  regularly  laid 
odt  in  the  form  of  ni  obUmg  fqttare* 
The  few  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employ'^ 
ed  in  the  lumber  ti-ade^  The  eomftioii, 
tides  rife  here  aboilt  18  feet.   '         '    *■ 

Andrew's,  St.  a  townlhip  in  Ci4 
ledonia  county,  Vermont^  100  milet 
N.  E.  from  Bennington. 

Andrew's,  St.  a  parifh  in  CharlcfV 
ton  diftri£V,  South. Carolina,  contaii&i|f- 
a(;47  inhabitants,  of  whom  37O'  are 
whites,  and  a546  (laves, 

Andrew'^s  Sound,  St.  lies  6.  of 
Jekyl's  Ifland,  and  is  formed  by  it  and 
a  fmall  ifland  at  the  mouth  of  Great 
Sagilla  River.  The  fnlail  river  oppo(ite 
this  Sound  feparates  Camden  from 
Glynn  county,  m  Georgia. 

Andros,  iflands  on  the  S.  W.  of 
Providence,  in  the  Bahama  iflands,  cal- 
led  by  the  Spaniards,  YUes  del  Efpiritu 
Santo.  They  take  up  a  fpace  of  39 
leagues  long  and  4  or  5  broad,  inter-  > 
feAed  by  a  number  of  very  naiTow  paf^^  ^^ 
fages. 

Androscoggin,  or  Amarifcoggiit 
Rivert  in  the  diftrift  of  Maine,  may  be 
called  the  main  weftern  branch  of  the 
Kennebeck.  Its  iburces  are  N.  of  Lake 
Umbagog.  Its  courfe  is  foutherly  till 
it  approaches  near  to  the  White  Moun-» 
tains,  from  which  it  receives  Moofe  and 
Peabody  rivers*  It  then  turns  to  the 
E.  and  then  to  the  S.  E.  in  which 
courfe  it  pafles  within  two  miles  of  the 
fea-coaft,  and  then  turning  N.  runs 
over  Pejeplkaeg  (alls  into  Merry- Meet- 
ing-Bay, where  it  tbrms  a  junflign  with 
the  Kennebeck,  so  miles  from  the  fea« 
Formerly,  from  this  bay  to  the  fea,  the 
conflueni:  ftrtani  was  called  Sagada- 
hock.  The  lands  on  this  river  ai'e  veiy 
good. 

Anegada,  one  of  the  Virgin  Iflcs 
in  the  Weft-Indies,  and  dependent  on 
Virgin  Gorda.  It  is  about  6  leagues 
long,  is  low,  and  aiuioft  covered  by 
water  at  high  tiiies.  On  the  S.  fide  is 
Treafure  Poin^.  Lai.  18.  35.  N.  longt 
63  W. 

Anoaraez,  a  province  In  South* 
America,  in  tlie  empire  of  Peru,  I'ub- 
je6l  to  the  nichbiih'  p  of  Lima,  lo 
leagues  N.  W.  by  W.  of  the  city  of 
Gnamnnga.  It  abounds  in  ail  kinds  of 
grain  and  fruits,  b'clides  vaft  droves  of 
cattle  for  labour  and  fuftenance. 

Ancelo, 


A  NO 

^^MOBLio,  port  of,  it  Ml  harbottr  mt 
tkt  Soutli  Se»  cooft,  in  tim  middle  be- 
tmrecn    St.   Pedro    arul  Ca|tolita|    a 
broad  mKti  bay^  with  good  anchorage, 
but  bad  landin|{   and  the  Spaaiaraa 
reckon  it  as  food  a  harbour  as  GuatuUs. 
Anoblos,  or  Tlafcala,  a  provinoe 
of  Mtexioo>  esctendin^  both  to  the  North 
and  South  CeaS)  having  that  part  of  the 
former  «rhich  is   called  the   Gulf  of 
Mexico  oil  the  B.  the  province  of  Gu» 
axaca  on  the  S.  E.  the  Pacific  Ocean 
on  the  S.  the  province  of  Mexico  Proper 
on  tlie  W.  and  that  of  Penuco  on  the 
N.  from  which  it  is  divided  hy  Tufpa 
river  or  Cavones.    Prom  one  iea  to  the 
other  it  is  one  hundred  leaguesi  alwiit 
80  along  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  ao 
upon  the  South  Sea  coaft.     Its  ibil,  cli< 
mate,  and  produce^  are  much  the  fame 
with  Mexico  Proper.    On  the  W.  fide 
is  a  chain  of  mountains  of  18  leagues, 
well   cultivated;    and    another   great 
ridge  of  mountains  on  the  N.  W.  the 
neighbourhood  of  which  fubjeAs  it  to 
Shocking  tempefts»  horrid  hurricanes, 
and  frequent  mundations;  yet  this  is 
allowed  to  be  the  molt  populous  coun- 
try of  New-Spain,  which  is  partly  af- 
cribed  to  its  having  been  an  ally  to 
Cortea,  in  the  conuueft  of  Mexico,  who 
obtained  a  grant  ot  the  emperor  Charles 
V.  then  alio  king  of  Spain,  by  which  it 
is  to  this  day  exempt  from  all  fervice  or 
duty  whatfoever  to  that  crown;   and 
only  pays  the  king  of  Spain  an  handful 
of  maize  per  head,  as  an  acknowldge- 
ment,  which  inconfiderable  parcels,  al- 
moft  60  years  ago,  amounted  to  near 
1 3,oeo  buftels  { for  it  produces  fo  much 
of  that  Indian  com,  that  from  theiKe  it 
liad  the  name  of  Tlafcala,  i.  e.  the  land 
of  bread,  which  name  it  gives  to  its 
principal  town.     By  this  means  the 
towns  and  vilUiges  fwarm  with  Indians. 
Its  priiKipal  towns  are  Acafuchithau, 
Achiachtca,  Tufpa,  Zacatlan,  Cazeres, 
Naftia,  or  Almira,  Torre  Blanca,  Punta 
Oelganda,  Samputa,  Xalappa,  Puebla, 
Tt^afa,  Cordova,  Punta  Brava,  New 
Vera  Cruz,  &c.  They  fpeak  the  Span- 
ifli  tongue,    and  fcarcely  any  other; 
are  perK^lly  recoiKiled  to  the  Spanifli 
cuftoms,  and  eratefiil  for  the  counte- 
nance and  dcKrence  fliewed  to  them 
above  their  fellow-provinces.     It  was 
anciently  governed  by  kings,  till  civil 
wars  arifing  in  it,  the  people  formed 
ilicmfelves  into  an  ariftocracy  of  many 


AKH 


*^ 


princes,  to  get  rid  of  one.  TkeT^i4^ 
ed  the  towns  into  diffinrent  diari6fal»; 
tach  of  which  named  one  of  their  «hi«f« 
to  refide  in  the  court  of  Tlafcala,  whwe 
they  formed  a  fenate,  whoiie  refoliitiom< 
were  a  law  to  the  whole.  Under  thi«< 
form  of  govemmeat,  they  maintaiaeii^ 
thcmfelvc*  againft  the  rulers  of  Mexi- 
co; and  contintfed  their  ariftocracyi^ 
till  tlieir  reception  of  the  Spaniards  un- 
der Cortex,  whom  they  aflliftcd  wirh 
their  numerous  forces,  and  accompTifli^ 
ed  the  ruin  of  that  empire  ia  isat. 
See  Mexiw, 

AtrcoL,  a  town  in  the  province  cf . 
Chili,  South-America,  1*5  miles  N.  df 
Baldivia.  S.  lat.  37.  36.W.long.  7a.  f). 

A  NCR  A  Db  Los  Reyes,  a  town  in 
the  captainfhip  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  ui> 
Brazil,  South- America,  ful^c£t  to  the 
Portuguefe,  about  3-6  miles  from  Rio 
de  Jsmeiro.  It  is  fitnated  upon  the 
coaft  in  a  fmall  bay,  from  whence  it  has 
its  name;  being  in  Engl ilh King''*  Bay« 
It  has  a  churches,  a  monattery.  and  « 
fmall  guard-houfe  of  about  10  foldiers. 
Its  chief  i^roduce  is  filh.  Lat.  a».  aS» 
S.  long.  41.  10.  W, 

Anouilla,  or  Snake  IJUind,  focal- 
led  firom  its  windings  and  irregular 
form,  being  10  leagues  in  length,  and 
3  in  breadth;  as  leagues  N.  W.  of  Bar. 
buda,  and  1 5  from  St.  Cluillopher's. 
It  is  the  moft  northeriy  of  all  the  Ca- 
ribbee  ifl-mds  pofTefled  by  the  Britifli. 
It  was  fettled  in  1650.  The  inhabitants 
Aibfift  moftly  by  farming,  planting  In- 
dian com,  and  other  kinds  of  huftandrv. 
The  climate  is  very  healthy,  and  the 
inhabitants  ftrong  and  vigorous.  The 
exports  in  1770,  amounted,  in  fugar, 
rum,  and  cotton,  to  near  6000I.  Long. 
62.  10.  W.  lat.  x8.  4.  N. 

Anguilla,  a  bank  and  iflnnd  E.  of 
the  Great  Bahama  Bank,  and  N.  of  tlie 
iHandofCuha.  Long.  78.  10.  1079/. 
lat.  23I.  to  14.  10.  N. 

Anguille,  Cape,  a  point  of  land 
in  Newfoundland  ifland,  on  tlie  W. 
fide,  in  tlie  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrc'nce,  6 
leagues  N.  from  Cape- Bay,  the  S.  W, 
extremity  of  the  ifland,  in  lat.  47.  57.  N. 

Anguille,  a  bay  on  the  N.  N.  E. 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  oppofite  Mag- 
dalen Ifles ;  and  having  St.  Peter's  har- 
bour on  the  S.  E.  and  Port  Chimene  ou 
the  N.  W. 

Annapolis  River,  in  Nova-Scotia, 

is 


I 


t«  ANN 

i»  of  fman  Ite.  It  rifea  in  the  E.  ntar 
the  head  mttn  of  tfar  fmali  rhrets 
which  liill  into  the  hefou  of  Mints. 
ilpn^lii  river  naflet  into  the  bay  of 
Frady  through  tne  bafim  of  ita  own 
tmatt  on  the  8.  fide  of  which,  at  the 
tfnoth  of  the  river,  ftands  the  town  and 
Ibrt  of  Annapolis  Royal.  It  is  naviga- 
lileibr  fti^s  of  any  Wden  lo  mil«s« 
lor  thofe  of  loo  tons,  15  miles )  and  is. 
uflSible  for  boats  within  ao  miles  of 
Borton.  The  tide  flows  op  30  nules. 
Annapolis,  a  county  on  the  above 
river,  adjoining  to  King's  county,  hav- 
ing 5  townlhips,  viz.  WUmot,  Gran- 
ville, Annapolis,  the  chief  towns,  Clare, 
and  Monckton.  It  is  chiefly  inhabited 
^y  Acadians,  Iriih,  and  New-England- 

Annapolis  Royal,  called  Port 
tbjal,  by  the  French,  when  M.  de 
Fonts  fettliMla  colony  here  in  1605. 
This  town,  the  ch^ef  town  in  the  coun- 
ty of  this  name,  ftands  on  the  S.  fide  of 
the  river  and  bay  of  Annapolis.  Na- 
ture has  I'caixely  omitted  one  thing  to 
lender  this  the  fineft  harbour  in  the 
Yorld.  It  is  two  leagues  in  length,  and 
one  in  breadth,  having  a  ft>iail  ifland, 
called  Goat  ifland,  almoft  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  balbn,  which  is  faid  to  be 
laige  enough  to  contain  feveral  hundred 
flups.  Its  depth  of  water  is  no  where 
Icfs  than  4  or  5  fothoms;  it  being  6  or 
7  on  one  Bde  of  the  ifland,  and  on  the 
other  16  or  18.  The  bottom  is  every 
where  very  good,  and  fliips  may  be  fe- 
cure  in  it  from  all  winds.  The  entrarice 
of  the  harbour  is  difficult,  fays  Charle- 
voix, befules  the  inconvenience  of  great 
fogs  I  Co  t  hat  only  one  fliip  can  pafs  in 
or  oiit  at  a  time,  and  that  with  the 
greateft  pr«:caution,  tlte  fliip  being  ob- 
liged to  go  ftem  foremoft  oy  reafon  of 
the  ftrong  currents  and  tides  here.  The 
town  is  not  laree,  but  has  fome  very 
handfome  buildmgs.  It  is  fortified ; 
nor  can  it  be  cafiiy  attacked,  but  by  a 
bombardment.  I'he  fort  is  capable  of 
containing  ahoiit  100  men  in  its  prefent 
ftate.  N.  lar.  45.  iq.  W.  long.  64.  5. 
-  Annapolis,  4s  the  chief  town  ot 
.  Ann  Arundel  county,  and  the  capital 
of  the  ttate  of  Maryland.  It  ftands  iit 
the  mcuth  of  tlie  Severn,  30  miles  S.  of 
Baltimore  i  31  £.  by  N.  from  the  Fcd- 
etal  city ;  71  S.  W.  from  Wilmington, 
in  Delaware  ftate,  and  i3»  S.  W.  from 
Fkladel^hla.    It  was  foimerly  called 


A  N  N 


y 


Severn,  andiii  1694,  itwMiMideap«Nt 
town.  It  is  fituated  on  a  peainfui* 
formed  by. 'the  river  and  two  finall 
creeks ;  and  affords  a  beautiful jprofpeft 
of  Chefiipeak  Bay  and  the  E.  Ihorc  be- 
yond  it.  This  city  is  of  little  note  in 
the  commercial  world)  but  >•  the 
wealthieft  town  of  its  iice  in  the  United 
States.  The  houfes,  about  300  in  num- 
ber, are  fpacious  and  elq^ant,  indicative 
of  great  wealth .  Tlie  ftate-houfe  m  ths 
nobleft  building  of  the  kind  in  the 
union.  It  ftands  in  the  centre  of  the 
city,  from  which  point  the  ftreets  di- 
verge in  every  diieaion,  like  radii.  Nr 
lat.  38.  56.  15.  long.  75.  8.  W. 

Ann  ATOM,  one  of  the  new  Hebridce 
clufter  of  iflands. 

Ann  Arundkl  Comfy,  in  Maryland, 
lies  between  Patanfco  and  Patuxent 
Rivers,  and  has  Chefapeak  Bay  S.  £. 
Annapolis  is  the  chief  town.  This 
comity  contains  «i,598  inhabitants,  of 
whom  10,131  are  flaves.     . 

Ann,  Cafe,  is  the  point  of  land  ia 
the  town  of  that  name,  or  Gloucefter, 
which -forms  the  N.  fide  of  Mafla^hu- 
fetts  Bay,  as  Cajpe  Cod  does  the  S.  fide. 
N.  lat.  4^.  45.  long.  70.  17.  W.  See 
Gloucefier,  This  Cape  was  fo  named 
in  honour  of  Ann,  confort  of  King 
James  I. 

Ann,  St.  a  lake  in  Upper  Canada, 
noitherly  from  Lake  Sti|Mrrior,  which 
lends  its  waters  north- eafterly  into 
James's  Bay,  through  Albany  River. 
Its  north-eaftem- point  lies  in  N.  lat. 
50.  W.  long.  88. 

ANNi  St.  is  the  chief  town  of  the 
province  of  Parana,  in  the  £.  divifion 
of  Paraguay,  South- America. 

Ann,  Fort,  in  the  ftate  of  New- 
York,  lies  at  the  head  of  batteaux  navi- 
gation, on  Wood  Creek,  which  fails 
into  South  Bay,  Lake  Champlain,  near 
Skenenx)rough.  It  lies  6^  miles  S.  W» 
by  S.  from  Skenefl>orough  Port;  10 
£.  S.  £.  from  Fort  George,  and  iz  N. 
£.  by  N.  from  Fort  Edwud,  on  Hud- 
fon  Ktver.  Such  was  the  favage  ftate 
of  this  part  of  the  countiy,  and  the 
layers  of  trees  laid  lengthwiic  and  acrofs, 
and  fo  broken  with  creeks  and  mai'flies, 
that  General  Burgoyne's  army,  in  July, 
1777,  could  fcarccly  advance  above  a' 
mile  in  a  day,  on  the  road  to  Fort  Ed- 
ward. They  had  no  fewer  thai.  40 
bridges  to  conftru6t,  one  of  which  was 
of  log  work  2  miles  iu  length }  circum- 

fiances 


ISniH  Whtcli  In  ftfter  ages  will  appear 
liiuxnycreclibte. 

Ann*s,  9t.  a  port  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Cape.  BretiMi  Ifland,  where  fifhitiK  v^f- 
felt  flift^  put  in.  It  Ilea  on  the  N.  W. 
fide  ^  the  entrance  into  Labrador  Lake. 
W.  lone.  60.  'N.  lat.  47. 

AnnV  St.  it  a  finall  town  on  the 
iRiver  St.  John's,  province  of  New- 
Brahfwick,  abont  So  miles  from  St. 
John*8.  It  is  at  prefent  the  feat  of 
government. 

Anson,  an  interior  county  of  N. 
Carolina,  in  Fayette  dlftrijl,  having 
Mecklinhurgh  county  N.  and  Bladen 
and  Cumberland  counties  on  the  £.  It 
contains  5133  inhabitants,  including 
8z8  flavet. 

ANtHONy*sFALLS,  St.  in  the  River 
Klifliiippi,  lie  about  10  miles  N.  W.  of 
the  mouth  of  St.  Pierre  River,  which 
joins  the  Miflifippi  from  the  W.  and 
are  fituated  in  about  lat.  44.  50.  M.and 
Were  fo  named  by  father  Louis  Henni. 
pin,  who  travelled  into  thefe  parts  about 
the  year  1680,  and  was  the  firft  Euro- 

¥an  ever  feen  by  the  natives  there, 
he  whole  river,  250  yards  wide,  falls 
perpendicularly  above  30  feet,  and 
tbrra.s  a  moft  pleafing  cataraft*  The 
rapids  below,  in  the  fpace  of  300  yards, 
render  the  defcent  coufiderably  greater; 
fo  that  when  viewed  at  a  diftance,  they 
appear  to  be  much  higher  than  they 
really  are.  In  the  middle  of  the  falls 
is  a  fmall  ifland,  about  40  feet  broad, 
and  fomewhat  longer,  on  which  grow 
a  few  hemlock  and  fpruce  trees )  and 
about  half  way  between  this  ifland  arid 
the  eaftem  fliore,  is  a  rock,  lying  at  the 
very  edge  of  the  fall,  ui  an  oblique 
portion,  5  or  6  feet  broad,  and  30  or  40 
long.  Thefe  falls  ai%  peculiarly  fitu> 
nted,  as  thev  arc  approachable  without 
the  leaft  obltruAion  from  any  interven- 
ing hill  or  precipice }  which  cannot  be 
(kid,  perhaps,  of  any  other  confiderable 
fall  in  the  world.  The  fcene  around  is 
exceedingly  beautiful.  It  is  not  an  un- 
interrupted plain,  where  the  eye  finds 
no  relief,  but  compofed  of  many  grntle 
afcents,  which,  in  the  fpring  and  fum- 
<ner,  are  covered  with  vei  dure»  and  in- 
terrperfed  with  little  groves,  that  give  a 
pleaflng  varietv  to  theprofpe£i. 

At  a  little  diflance  below  the  falls  is 
a  fmall  ifland,  about  i|  acre,  on  which 
grow  a  great  number  of  oak  ti-ees,  all 
the  branches  of  wbichi  able  t«  bear  the 


lift 


I* 


wel||^t,.are.  In  the  proper  ftaAacf  t^e 
year,  loaded  with  cagle*s  nefls.  Tb^ 
inftioAive  wifilom  has  taught  then /to 
chooie  this  phRe>  as  it  is  fecure^  on  *6» 
count  of  tnie  rapids  above,  from  uit 
attacks  either  of  man  or  beaft. 

Anthony's  KUlt  a  weftern  water  of 
Hudfim  River,  tts  mouth  is  7  mile* 
above  that  of  Mohawk  River,  with 
whi^h  likewife  it  communicates  at  tht 
E.  md  of  Long  Lake.  ^ 

Anthom  Y*8  Ntfe*  a  boint  of  hmd  in 
the  Highlands,  on  Hudfon  River,  ii| 
the  ftate  of  New-York*  fiom  which  to 
Fort  Montgomery  on  the  oppoflte  fide« 
i.laige  boom  and  chain  was  extended 
in  the  late  war,  which  coft  not  lefa 
than  70,0001.  fterling.  It  was  partly 
deffaroyed  and  partly  carried  away  by 
General  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  ui  Oftober* 
1777.  AITo*  the  nante  given  to  th« 
point  of  a  mountain  on  the  N.  bank  of 
Mohawk  River*  about  30  miles  abovf 
ScheneAady.  Around  this  pomt  runs 
the  fbge  road. 

AnTicosti,  a  barren,  uninhabite4 
ifland,  in  the  mouth  of  St.  Lawicnc« 
River* 

Amtietam  Cretit  in  Maryhnd,rlfet 
by  feveral  branches  in  Penn(ylvania» 
and  empties  into  Potowmack  River,  3 
miles  S.  S.  E.  from  Sharpfliurgh.  Eliza- 
beth and  Funk's  towns  ftam  on  this 
creek.  It  has  a  number  of  mills  and 
forns. 

Antigva,  or  Ant^dt  one  of  the 
Caribbee  Iflands  in  thi^  Weft-tndies* 
belonging  to  Great-Brit^,  is  fituated 
60  mues  to  the  eaftward  of  Nevis  and 
St.  Chriftopher's.  It  is  almoft  circu- 
lar; being  about  15  miles  long  and  to 
broad,  containing  59,838  acres  of  bnd, 
of  which^  about  34,000  are  appropri- 
ated to  th*e  growth  of  fugar  and  paftur^ 
age  annexed  t  Its  other  Itaples  are  cot- 
ton and  tobacco.  The  foil  is  naturally 
rich,  and  when  not  checked  by  exceu 
five  droughts,  to  which  Antigua  is  par- 
ticularly fubjeft,  is  very  produftive. 
Columbus,  who  difcovered  this  iflandy 
named  it  from  a  church  in  Seville,  San- 
m  Maria  de  la  Antigua ;  and  his  fon« 
Ferdinand,  fays  that  its  Indian  name 
was  Jamaica.  It  is  a  fingular  eircum- 
ftance,  that  this  word,  which  in  the 
language  of  the  larger  iflands  fignified  a 
coxmtry  abounding  with  fprings,  fliovld« 
in  the  dialect  of  the  Caribbees,  have 
been  ap)pUed  to  an  ifland  that  has  not 
B  a  fiQsls 


»t 


ANT 


«  flBf  1«  flNnag  or  rivulet  of  ^rtfli  witcr 
In  ie«     The  iiiKabitknt«  ihake  dfe  of 
nin  water,  Which^  when  preferred  in 
Cilleraiy  is  light,  pure  and  wholefome. 
From  drought  ind  other  tircumftances, 
It  it  diffidilt  to  flimifh  an  avei^ge  re- 
turn of  the  crops,  which  tary  to  Aich 
*  degree,  that  the  <^uaiitity  of  fugar  ex> 
^ted  in  foroe  years,  is  fivf  times  great- 
er than  in  others'}  thus  in  1779,  ^^''^ 
(hipped  338s  hogfheMis,  aiid  579  tier- 
ces)   in  178s,   the  crop  was  i5,38x 
hogflieads,  and  1603  tierces  j  and  in 
the  years  1770,  1773,  and  1778,  there 
were  no  crops  at  all;  the  canes  being 
deftroycd  by  a  long  drought,  and  the 
Ivhote  body  of  negrons  matt  hare  pe- 
riihed,  for  want  of  food,  if  American 
Vtflels  had  not  fupplied  them  with  corn 
andfl6ur.  On  an  average,  17,000  hogf- 
heads  of  fugar,  of  10  cwt.  each,  are 
reckoned  a  ^od  faving  crop.    Antigua 
exported  in  one  year,  ending  the  5th  of 
January,  1778,  to  the  value  of  592,5961. 
15s.  8a.  fterling,  in  233  veflels:   the 
cargoes  were  184-,  5x6  cwt.  i  qr.  18  lbs. 
(ufi^fj  7191546  gal.  mciafles;  26  lbs. 
iMdigO;  dying  woods  and  other  fmall 
aurticles.    The  value  exported  to  the 
tJnited  States,  included  m  the  above, 
^vas^.ti,o3i  15  4.  The ifland  abounds 
in  black  cattle,  hogii,  fowls,  and  moft 
of  the   animals   id  common  with  the 
other  idands.     The  iiutiiber  of  iiihabit- 
^ts,  both  white  and  black,  feem  to  have 
decreafed  prog^-tflively.     In  1774,  the 
^hite  inbrbitants  amounted  to  2590, 
dnd  the  flaves  to  37,808.    The  iflami  is 
divided  into  6  pariihes  and  11  diftri6ls. 
The  pariOies  are  St.  John's,  St.  Mary's, 
St.  George,  St.  Peter,  St.  Paul,  and  St. 
Philip.     It  has  6  towns  and  villages. 
St.  John's,  (the  capital)  Parham,  Fal- 
mouth>WilloMghby.Bay,01d-Bay,01d- 
Koad,  and  James  Fort;    the  two  fiift 
of  which  are  legal  ports  of  entiy.     No 
ifland  in  this  part  of  the  Well- Indies 
can  boad  of  fo  many  excellent  har- 
bours ;  of  thefe  the  principal  are  Eng- 
lifli  Harbour,  and  St.  John's,  both  well 
fortified ;  and  at  the  former  are  a  royal 
navy  yard,  and  arienal,  with  coft\^eni- 
6nces  for  careening  fliips  of  war.     The 
Inilitary  cftabliflimcnt  generally  confifts 
of  %  regiments  of   infantry,  and  2  of 
foot   militia.     There    are   iikewife   a 
fquadron  of  dragoons,  and  a  battalion 
of  artillery,  both  raifed  in  the  ifland ; 
aad  the  regulars  receive  additional  jwy 


ANT 

as  in  Jamaica.  The  governor  or  c«p« 
tiin.reileral  of  the  Leeward  Caribbdui 
Iflands,  generally  refides  in  Antigua* 
but  vifits  occafionally  each  ifland  witllui 
his  government;  and,  in  hearing  tmi 
determinhig  caufes  from  the  other 
iflands,  pi-efldes  alone :  He  is  ch^ceU 
lor  of  each  ifland  by  his  ol^ce ;  but  in 
caufes  arifmg  in  Antigua,  he  is  afliflml 
by  his  council,  after  ihepraftice  of  Bar- 
badoes;  and  the  preudent,  together 
with  a  certain  numoer  of  the  council, 
may  determine  chancery  caufes  durine 
the  abfence  of  the  govemor-genei-al. 
The  other  courts  of  this  ifland  are  a 
court  of  king's  bench,  a  court  of  com- 
mon pleas,  and  a  court  of  exchequer. 
The  church  of  the  United  Brethren  has 
been  very  fuccefsful  in  converting  to 
chriftianity  many  of  the  negro  flaves  of 
this  and  the  other  iflands.  The  climate 
here  is  hotter  than  at  Barbadoes,  and 
like  that  ifland  fubjeft  to  hurricanes. 
The  firft  grant  of  Antigua  was  made 
by  Charles  II.  about  1663,  to  William 
Lord  Willoughby  of  Parham,  and  three 
years  nfter,  a  colony  was,  planted.  t\ 
was  furprifed  the  fame  year  by  thdi 
French.  It  made  no  figure  in  com- 
merce, till  Col.  Chriftopber  Codring- 
ton,  lieut.  governor  of  Barbadoes,  came 
and  fettled  here  in  1(90.  There  hap- 
pened a  moft  terrible  hurricane  here 
m  1 707,  that  did  vaft  damage  to  this 
ifland  and  Nevis,  mote  than  to  any  of 
the  Carribbee  iflands.  In  Oflober^  1736, 
was  the  plot  of  Court,  Tombay  and 
Hercules,  three  Indians  who  had  con- 
veyed gun-powder  under  the  ball-room, 
where  the  governor  was  to  give  a  ball ; 
but  it  was  happily  difcoverra,  and  they 
were  all  executed.  Antigua  lies  be- 
tween 17.  7^.  and  17.  17.  45.  N.  lat. 
and  between  61.22. 15.  and  61.  36.  11. 
W.  long. 

Antilles,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  diftinguiflied  into  Great 
and  Small.  They  lie  from  18  to  24  de- 
gi-ees  cf  N.  lat.  are  diftinguiflied  into 
Windward  and  Lee<Mrard  Iflands,  and 
lie  in  the  form  of  a  bow,  ftretching  from 
the  r/'aft  of  Florida  N.  to  that  of  Bra- 
zil S.  The  moft  remarkable  of  thenl 
are  Cnba,  Jamaica,  Hifpaniola  or  Do- 
mingo, ami  Porto  Rico.  See  each  un- 
der its  proper  head. 

Antiqwera,  a  feaport  town  in  the 
province  or  Guaxaqua,  in  Mexico. 

ANTiquiERAior  dntequi(ra,  a  (own 

in 


At  A 

tfi^ew-SpUiit  province  of  Guaxiiqila, 
75  miles  a.  of  tne  city  of  Guaxaqua. 

Antrivintria,  a  fubdivifion  of 
Terra  Pinnae  lying  to  the  South  of 
Carthagtona; 

Antonio  Oe  Svchite^bc,  St.  a 
town  in  Mexico  oir  New  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Pai;ific  Ocean.  N.  lat»,  15. 
W.  long;  93.  5-. 

Antonio,  St.  the  capital  of  the 
province  of  Apachiera,  in  New- Mexico. 

Antonio,  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Navarre,  in  North-America,  on  a  river 
which  runs  S.  W.  into  the  Gulf  of 
California. 

Antonio,  Cape,  St.  the  moft  wef- 
tern  point  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba ;  hav- 
ing on  the  N.  W.  a  number  of  iflots 
and  rocks,  called  Los  Colorados,  be- 
tween which  and  the  cape  is  the  chan- 
nel of  Guaniguanica.  N.  lat.  a  a.  ly 
W.  long.  8s|. 

Antonio  Db  Cabo,  St.  a  town  in 
Brazil,  in  SoUth-America,  near  Cape 
St.  Auguftine,  fubjefl  to  the  Portu- 
guefs.  Here  they  make  a  corulderable 
quantity  of  fugar.  S.  lat.  t.  34.  W. 
long.  35.  is. 

Antonio,  St.  a  town  in  New-Mexi- 
co, on  the  W.  fide  of  Rio  Bravo  River, 
below  St.  Gregoria.  Alfo,  the  name 
of  a  town  on  the  river  Hondo,  which 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Me-Sco,  N.  E.  of 
Rio  de  Brava }  and  on  the  eaftem  fide 
of  the  river,  S.  by  W.  from  Texas. 

Anterim,  a  townihip  in  Hilifljo- 
rough  cofanty,  New-Hamp(hire,  having 
518  inhabitants,  incorporated  in  1777  ; 
75  hniles  W.  of  Portfmouth,  and  about 
the  fame  diftance  N.  W.  of  Bofton. 

An  ville,  or  MiOtr's  Toxun,  in  Dau- 
phine  cOunty,  Pennfylvania,  at  the  head 
of  Tulphehockei:  Creek.  When  the 
canal  between  the  Sufquehannah  and 
Schuylkill,  along  thefe  creeks,  is  com- 
pleted, this  town  will  probably  rife  to 
feme  confequcnce.  It  lies  18  miles  N. 
K.  by  E.  fi-om  Harrilburgh,  and  65.  N. 
W.  from  Philadelphia. 

Anzerma,  is  a  town  and  province  of 
Popayan,  in  South-America,  having 
mines  of  gold.  It  is  feated  on  the  river 
Coca.    N.  lat.  4.  58. 

_  Apachiera,  an  audience  and  pro- 
vince of  New-Mexico,  whofc  capital  is 
St.  Fe,  in  N.  lat.  36.  30.  W.long.  104. 

APALACHES,or  5r.  Mark's  R.  rifes  in 
the  country  of  the  Seminole  Indians,  in 
E, Florida,  in  N.  lat.  31.  30.  near  th«N. 


W.  fource  of  Great  SatilU  River )  rtliiui 
S.  W.  thix>ugh  the  Apalachy  countivi 
into  the  bay  of  Apalachy»  ia  tM 
Gulf  of  Mexieo,  about  i  j  miles  be- 
low St.  Mark's.  It  runs  about  it| 
miles,  and  fiiUs  into  the  Bay  near  thf 
mouth  of  Apalachicola  River. 

Al>ALACHicdLA,  a  river  between 
E.  and  W.  Florida,  having  its  Iburce  ill 
the  Agalachian  Mountairtst  in  the  Che- 
rokee country,  withiit  ten  miles  of 
TugUloo,  the  upper  bran(;h  of  Savan- 
nah Riverk  l^ronl  its  fottr^e  to  the 
mouth  of  Flint  RiVer,  a  diftance  of  too 
miles,  it  is  called  Chau-Uche,  orCha- 
tahooche  River.  Flint  River  falls  into 
it  from  the  N.  E.  below  the  Lower 
Creek  Towns,  in  N.  lat.  31.  Frortk 
thence  it  runs  near  80  miles  and  fellf 
into  the  Bay  of  Apalachy,  or  Apalachi- 
cola, in  the  Gult  of  Mexico,  at  Capo 
Blaize.  From  its  fource  to  the  33d  dtg^ 
of  N.  lat.  its  courfe  it  S.  W.  from^ 
thence  to  its  mouth  it  runs  nearly  jS. 
See  Cbata-Ucba  and  Ftint  Rititti. 

Apalachicola,  is  likewife  the 
.name  of  the  mother  town  or  capital  of 
the  Creek  or  Mufcogulge  confedei-acy, 
called  Apalachucla  by  Bertraip.  it  is, 
(ays  he,  facred  to  peace}  no  captives 
are  piit  to  death  or  human  blood  fpilt 
here :  and  when  a  general  peace  is  pro.- 
poftd,  deputies  from  all  the  towns  in 
the  confederacy  meet  here  to  delibe- 
rate. On  the  other  hand,  the  great 
Coweta  Town,  \%  miles  higher  up  the 
Chata-Uche  River,  is  called  the  Btootfy 
To^wn^  where  the  Micos  chiefs  and 
warriors  aflemble  when  a  general  war 
is  propofed}  and  there  captives  and 
ftate  malefactors  are  put  to  death. 
Apalachicola  is  fituated  a  mile  and  an 
half  above  the  ancient  town  of  that 
name,  which  was  fituated  on  a  pehin-. 
fuh  formed  by  the  doubling  of  the  riv- 
er,  but  deferted  on  account  of  inunda- . 
tions.  The  town  is  about  3  days  jour-' 
ney  from  Tallaflee,  a  town  on  the  Tal- 
lapoofe  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mobile 
River.     See  Conueta,  and  TaUaffee. 

Apalachian  Mountains^  a  part  of 
the  range  called  fometinies  by  this  name, . 
iMit  generally  Alleghany  Mmntains.  In 
this  part  of  the  great  chain  of  moun- 
tains, in  the  Cherokee  country,  the 
river  Apalachicola  has  its  fource. 

Apalachy  Co««/ry,  extends  acrdfs 
Flint  and  Apalaches  Rivers,  in  Eaft-  _ 
Florida,  having  the  Seminole  country ' 
B  &  en 


«  A<i.O 

(DO  the  N.  E>  Apdachy,  or  Apalachy«i 
1i  by  Ibine  writers,  applied  to  a  town 
and  hai'tiour  id  Pbrida,  90  miles  E.  of 
Ttalktoh,  and  the  fame  diftance  W. 
firomi  Del  Spirttu  Sahto  River.  The 
tribes  of  the  Apalachian  Indians  lie 
arbund  it. 

Apo<^INBMy  Cretkt  falls  into  De- 
laware Bay  from  Middletown,  in  New< 
baftk  county,  Delaware,  a  mile  and  an 
half  below  Reedy  Ifland.  A  canal  is 
toropoied  to  extend  from  the  fouthern 
oranch  of  this  creek,  at  about  4  miles 
irom  Middlctown,  to  the  head  oH  Bo- 
hemio  River,  nearly  8  miles  diftant; 
wMeh  win  form  a  water  communica- 
tion between  Delaware  Bay,  and  that 
of  Chcrapfxk,  through  Elk  River. 

Aprils  ijami,  a  fmall  uninhabited 
iflatid  in  St.  Lawrence  River,  in  Cana- 
da, on  the  S.  Hde  of  the  river,  between 
Bafque  and  Green  Iflands.  It  is  (vv- 
MNiikled  by  rockst  which  renders  the 
navigation  dangerous. 

ArPLB  Tfivw.  an  Indian  village  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Seneca  Lake,  in  New- 
York,  between  the  townfhips  of  Ovid 
on  the  S.  and  Romulus  <m  tlie  N. 
'  Appom  ATOX,  is  the  name  of  a  fouth- 
ern branch  of  James  River,  iaVirginia. 
It  may  be  navigated  as  far  as'  Broad- 
ways, t  or  10  miles  from  Bermuda 
Htuidred,  by  any  vcffcl  which  has  crow- 
ed Harrifon's  Bar,  in  James  River. 
It  has  8  or  9.  feet  water  a  mile  or  two 
farther  up  to  FilherU  Bar,  and  4.  feet  on 
that  and  upwards  to  Peterlburg,  where 
all  navigation  ceafes. 

Apol6-Bama,  ajurifdifilon  confift- 
in^  of  miflions  belonging  to  the  Fr«n- 
cilcans,  fubje£l  to  the  bimop  of  Culco, 
60  leagues  from  that  city,  in  the  em- 
pire of  Peru.  Thel'e  conuft  of  7  towns 
of  converted  Indians.  Toprote£l  thefe 
fixim  the  infults  of  the  other  Indians, 
and  to  give  credit  to  the  Miilionaries,  a 
inilitia  is  kept  here,  under  a  major-ge- 
neral, formed  by  the  iniiabitants. 
'APuaiUA,  or  Jppramac,  a  very  rapid 
river  in  Peru,  South-America,  30  miles 
from  the  river  Abanzai. 

A<qrAFORT,  a  fettlement  on  the  E. 
tide  ot  the  Ibuth-eaftern  extremity  of 
Newfoundland  Ifl&nd,  lat.  47.  to.  N. 

A&UEDOCHTON,  the  outlet  of  lake 
WInnipifeogee,  in  Ncw-Hampfliire,  N. 
lat.  43.  40.  whofe  waters  pal's  tlu'ough 
iflveral  fmaller  ones  in  a  S.  W.  courl'e, 
and  empty  into  Meriimack  River,  be- 


ARC 

tween  tlie  town*  of  Sanbum  and  Om* 
tcrbury. 

AqyiDNiCK,  the  ancient  Indian 
name  of  Rhpdc-Ifland,  in  the  ftate  of 
Rhode-Ifland. 

Akaouaya,  abranchof  Para  Rive>> 
in  Brazil.    See  Psrm. 

Ararat,  AfoMtf,  or tht.Sfotu  Ht04, 
afliortrange  of  mountains  on  the  U, 
frontier  of  North-Carolina,  in  a  N.  £. 
direction  from  Ararat  River,  a  N.  W. 
branch  of  Yadkin  River. 

Arathapb  scow,  an  Indian  tribe  in- 
habiting the  IHoies  pf  the  lake  and  river 
of  that  name,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
North-America,  between  the  latitudes 
of  57.  and  59.  N.  North  of  this  na- 
tion's abode,  and  near  the  Arftic  Cir- 
cle, is  Lake  Edlande,  around  which 
live  the  Dog  Ribbed  Indians. 

Aravco,  afortrefs  and  town  of  Chili, 
in  South- America:  fituated  in  a  Hoe 
valley,  on  a  river  of  the  fiune  name,  N. 
by  W.  from  Baldivia.  The  native  In- 
dians  are  fo  brave,  that  they  drove  th« 
Spaniards  out  of  their  country,  though 
deftitute  of  fire-arms.  S.  lat.  37.  30. 
W.  long.  73.  so. 

Arizibo,  one  of  the  principal  placet 
in  Porto  Rico  Ifland,  m  the  Weft-In- 
dies.  It  has  few  inhabitants,  and  little 
trade  but  finuggling. 

Arcas.  an  ifltmd  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  in  the  Bay  of  Campeachy. 
Lat.  so.  long.  9s.  50. 

Arch  Sfrins*  ^  ^^  ^^'  ^^'' 
ley. 

Archipelago,  Dn^gerotis,  the 
name  given  by  Bougainville,  in  Feb. 
1768,  to  a  dufter  of  iflands  in  the  Pa. 
cific  Ocean,  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Otaheite,  fituated  between  10.  and  18. 
degrees  S.  lat.  and  between  14s.  and 
14$.  degrees.  W.  lonjr.  from  Paris.  The 
iflands  which  compoie  this  Archipela- 
go,  he  named  Quatre  Facardins,  the 
Lancters,  and  La  Harpe,  and  other 
iflands,  forming  two  groups,  to  which 
he  gave  no  names.  In  Api'il,  i7&9» 
Capt.  Cook  fell  >n  with  tliefe  fame 
iflands,  and  nanKa  them  Lagoon  Ifland, 
Thrum  Cap,  Bow  Ifland,  and  the  Two 
Groups. 

AKCHiPiLAGO  ef  the  GrtatCyclaJet, 
a  dufter  of  iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean» 
lying  between  14  and  10  deg.  S.  lat. 
and  between  164  and  168  deg.  E.  long, 
from  Paris,  difcovered  by  Bougainville, 
aid  of  Maj,  1768.    This  1%  the  fame 

dufter 


ARI 

duller  of  iflands  difcovend  b^r  QgtrM 
In  i6e6.  Mid  by  him  called  1$nrm  Am- 
/rmt  M  Bprim  SMht  which  fee — 
Ctpt.Coofc  ptftd  thefe  iflands  in  1774, 
and  called  them  New  Hebrides. 

ARDOiSt  a  mountain  in  Nova-Sco- 
tia, between  Windfor  and  Halifiuc}  13 
miles  N.  W.  from  the  latter.  It  is 
deemed  the  higheft  land  in  Nova-Sco- 
tia, and  affords  an  extenftve  profpeft  of 
all  the  hjrh  and  low  lands  about  Wind- 
for and  Falmouth,  and  the  diftant  Ctiun- 
try  bordering  the  Bafon  of  Minas. 

Are^u  IPA,  is  one  of  the  largeft  cltian 
in  Pern,  South-America>and  was  found- 
ed by  Don  Francifquo  Fizarro,  in 
1539.  It  ftands  in  the  valley  of  Q^ilca, 
about  so  leagues  from  the  tea,  in  a  fer- 
tile country.  Near  it  is  a  dreadful  vol- 
cano. The  air  is  very  temperate ;  and 
the  befl  ii)  the  country )  but  iv  has  been 
four  times  laid  in  ruins  by  earthquakes. 
It  is  very  populous,  and  well  built) 
contains  a  convent,  and  two  nunneries, 
and  had  a  college  of  Jefuits.  It  has  a 
bithoprtck  in  Lima,  and  lies  190  miles 
S.  by  E.  from  that  city.  Lat.  16.  40. 
S.  long.  75.  30.  W. 

Argyle,  a  townfliipin  Waibington 
county.  New. York,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Hudlbn  River,  containing  1341  in- 
habhants,  incluftve  of  14  flaves.  In  the 
ttate  cenfus  of  1796,  there  appears  to 
be  404  dehors. 

Argyle,  a  townfhip  in  Shelburne 
county,  Nova-Scotia,  fettled  by  Aca- 
dians  and  Scotch. 

Arica,  a  jurifdiAion  in  the  btfliop- 
rick  of  Arequipa,  in  Peru,  extending 
along  the  coaft  of  the  South  Sea.  It 
produces  little  ell'e  than  agi,  or  Guinea 
pepper;  and  in  fome  places  large 
olives,  of  which  they  make  oil  and 
pickles :  but,  although  the  coxmuy  is 
otherwiie  barren,  the  produce  of  pep- 
per amounts  annually  to  no  lefs  than 
60,000  dollars  value, 

Arica,  a  town  and  port  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Los  Charcos,  in  Peru ;  being 
the  port.town  to  nioft  of  the  mines  in 
that  country.  It  is  a  place  of  vali 
trade,  and  very  populous ;  feldom 
without  a  |reat  deal  ol  (hipping.  It  is 
but  badly  fortified,  and  has  been  much 
injured  by  earthquakes,  which  have 
alfo  hurt  its  trade.  No  rain  ever  ^lls 
here ;  the  houfes  are  therefore  without 
roofs.  Th^  valley  of  Arica  is  famous 
for  little  elfe  than  the  culture  of  Guinea 


A  RS 


9 


t 


peiiper,  which  the  SmuBiundt  pl«ntc(^  , 
and  of  this  thty  raift  annually  to  Ibt 
value  of  So,ooo  crowns.    It  it  5|* 
miles  S.  E.  of  Lima.    S.  lat.  tl.  S7. 
W.  long.  71.  6. 

Arichat,  a  town  in  Cape  Jlrtton 
ifland. 

Aries  Kill,  a  fmall  creek  which  mni 
northerly  into  Mohawk  River,  sfmilct 
W.  from  Schoharie  River*  in  New* 
York. 

Arkansas,  a  N.  W.  branchof  Mif» 
fifippi  River,  of  a  very  lengtbv  couHct 
which  foils  in  by  two  nnoutlis,  ana 
forms  an  ifland,  whole  north>we#tm 
point  lies  in  N.  lat.  33.  35.  W.  long. 
91.  Its  length  35  mHes)  its  breadth 
10.  The  branch  on  the  north-eaftem 
fide  of  the  ifland,  receives  White  Riv- 
er, about  t4  miles  from  its  mouth* 

Arlington,  a  townftiip  in  Benmng* 
ton  county,  Vermont,  i»  miles  N.  from 
Bennington.    It  has  991  inhabitants. 

ARMOVCHiqyois,  a  natibn  of  In- 
dians in  Canada. 

Arnedo,  a  town  in  Pern,  on  th* 
South-Sea,  as  miles  N.  of  Lima. 

Arraciffe,  a  port-town  of  Braiil, 
in  the  captainfliip  of  Pemambaco  }  eC- 
teemed  the  ftixmgeft  in  all  Brazil.  The 
port  confiftf  of  a  iuburb,  in  which  are 
Ibnie  large  houfes,  and  repofitories  for 
ftores ;  and  is  built  upon  a  narrow 
palTage,  with  a  caftle  to  defend  tHe  en- 
trance. Notwithftanding  which,  James 
Lancaflcr  entered  the  harbour  in  15959 
with  7  Englilh  veflTels,  and  made  himT 
felf  mafter  of  the  town  and  caftle> 
where  he  continued  a  month,  and  car- 
ried off  immenfe  plunder )  but  fince 
that  time,  the  Portuguefe  have  render, 
ed  it  almoft  inaccelTible  to  enemies. 
Lat.  8.  so.  S.  lonz.  36.  10.  W. 

Arrayal  De  Porate,  a  town  in 
Bnuil,  fltuated  on  the  W.  fide  of  Pan 
River,  below  the  jun£lion  of  its  two 
great  branches.    See  Para  River. 

Arrowsike,  an  ifland  in  the  dif- 
tri£t  of  Maine,  parted  from  Parker's 
Ifland  by  a  fmall  f^rait.  It  is  within 
the  limits  of  George-Town,  and  con- 
tains  nearly  ^  of  its  inhabitants,  and 
has  a  ehurch.  It  contains  about  ao,oQ« 
acres  of  land,  including  a  large  quanti- 
ty of  fait  marfli .  See  Ctorgf-  Tinvn  and 
Farker'j  Ifiand, 

Arsacides,  the  Iflands  of  tbtt  the, 

name  eiyen  by  M.  de  Sundlle,  in  1769* 

,  to  Sobmon's  Iflands   on  acdnint  of 

B  3  the 


••  ASH. 

th«  birbtraui  elwr;||l|ti'  of  th«tr  inhab> 
Itmtii  MitkuUrly  it  Port  Pr«iUn. 
ThtAi  ioiimti  wtrc  vlfittd  by  Mi*.  Nhort. 
lilld  In  tjll,  Hnd  by  him  cstlfd  New. 
GverstK.    8n  5»l$mii's  l/ltt  and  Pm 

ARYMUii  KULL,  or  NfVMrk  Bayt 
on  tin  foaft  of  Ntw- t«iTey,  {■  formed 
hf  ihv  Mnton  of  PaOiiU  and  Hackinlkck 
Klvtn. 

Arvia,  «ina  of  the  Little  Antlllo 
Idandt,  in  the  Weft-Imtie«,  it  |\ibieA 
to  the  Dutch.  It  ie  uninhabited,  liei 
nMr  Terra  Flrma,  14  ienguei  W.  of 
Curacoa,  and  product!  little  die  be- 
Mw  com  and  wood.  N.  lat.  la.  30. 
W.  long.  67.  J  5. 

ARUNDBL»atown(hip  In  York  coun. 
tyidlHrift  of  Maine,  conitiiiuitg  145II 
inhabltantt.    It  Ilea  between  Cnpc  For- 

Kite,  and  Biddefbrd  on  the  N.  E.  on 
eo  River,  11  milei  N.  B.  from  York, 
•Ad  96  N.  E.  from  Doftnn. 

AlANOAkO,  a  jui  ililt£lion  under  the 
bilhop  of  Culbo,  in  Peni,  South  Ame- 
rica, 50  league*  from  that  city  1  num- 
ben  of  cattle  arc  breti  heie.    Thcix 
arc  Ibme  filver  mines  in  the  N.  E.  purt 
of  it  i  and  it  produces  papat,  quinoat, 
and  canamat.    Of  the  two  lalt  they 
make  chicha,  at  other*  do  front  maixu. 
AlCKNtlON  B«y,  lie*  on  tl\e  E.  iidc 
of  the  peninAiia  ot  Yuct<i  .n,  in  the  Bay 
of  Honduras,   having  Ambci  Bay  on 
the  N.  ami  the  northern  point  of  Am- 
berereefe  Key  on  the  S.  which  forms  a 
paflage  into  Hanover  Bay,  S.  fram  Af- 
ccnflon  Bay. 

This  is  alfo  the  nnme  of  a  bay  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  Otilf  of  Mexico,  fituateii 
between  Cape  Balitc  at  the  mouth  of 
the  MilTifippi,  and  the    Bay  of  Freflt 
Water  on  the  W,  in  the  soth  degree  of 
N.  lat.  and  9sd  of  \V.  lone. 
'  AdHBURNiiAKt,  fbrmerly  Dofihffler 
Ctmittlat    lies    in    Worreftcf    county, 
Maflachufetts,  50  miles  N.  of  Worcd- 
tcr,  and  5^  from  Bolton,  was  incor|K)r- 
ated  in  i  70  5,  and  contains  i^$i  iuh.ibi- 
4ant!t.     It  idaiuis  upon  the   height   of 
land  E.  of  Connei>icut  River,,  and  W. 
of  Mcnimitck,  on  the  banivs  of  Little 
Naukhcag.     In    tlus   to\vnft\ip,    is    a 


ASS 


white  ftrKlj  equal  in  fincncis  to  that  at 
Cape  Ann,  and  whifh,  it  is  judged, 
would  make  tine  glaf;:. 

AsHPY,  a  townthip  in  MiiUlefex 
•oumy,  M afTachurctts,  50'miK-s  N.  W. 
tixim  Bofton,  containing  7  5 1  inhabitants. 


AiMO  VTNIY,  or  A/0ciiiii0t  ■  moMi* 
tain  In  Varmont,  being  partlv  \m  tht 
townihips  of  WIndlbr  and  Wcatkerf- 
Aeki,  and  oppofite  Claremont  on  Sugar 
River,  in  New-HampAtirc  ttate.  It  it 
to )  I  feet  above  the  Tea,  and  1 7  )  t,  abova 
high  water  in  ConneAicut  River,  whicli 
glides  by  its  E.  fidt. 

AiHriRi.D,a  townfliipin  Hahiplhlre 
county,  Mailhchufrtts,  about  15  milra 
N.  W.  of  Northampton,  and  117  W, 
from  Bofton,  containing  14J9  inhabit- 
ants. 

AiHFOKD,  a  townAiip  in  Windhant 
county,  ConniAicut,  fettled  from  Marl- 
borotigh  in  Mafl'acliufetts,  and  was  in* 
corporated  in  1710.  It  lies  about  :) 8 
miles  north-eafterly  from  Hartford,  am) 
76  fouth-weltcrly  from  Boibm. 

AsHroKD,  Nkw,  a  townlhip  in 
Berklhire  county,  Maflachufctts,  151 
miles  W.  from  Bofton,  containing  4.69 
inhabitants. 

AsiiMOT,  the  principal  harbour  in 
Ide  Miidame,  which  is  dependent  on 
Cape  Breton.    See  BriloM  (.aft. 

Ash ub  LOT,  or  J/bwilUt,  a  fmall 
river,  having  a  number  of  branches, 
whole  moft  diliant  Iburce  is  at  tht  N. 
end  of  the  Sunapec  Mountains,  in  New- 
Hampfhire.  It  rtms  fouth-wtftcrly 
through  part  of  Chefhire  county.  Be- 
low Winchefter  it  runs  W.  by  N.  and 
empties  into  ConneAicut  River,  at 
HinlUale. 

As  POT  Aop  B  N  MoHMlai^.  This  high 
land  lies  on  the  promontary  that  fepu« 
rates  Mahone  from  Margaret's  Ray,  on 
the  coalt  of  Nova-Scotia,  (t  is  feen  nt 
a  great  diftance  from  tlie  oi\ing,  and  ia 
the  land  generally  ma«le  by  the  fltipi 
bound  from  Europe  »nd  the  Weft-In- 
(iie»  to  Halifax.  The  fummit  is  about 
500  tieet  above  the  level  of  the  Tea. 

Ass  ABET,  a  rivulet  which  lii'es  in 
Grafton,  Woi^cftcr  county,  Madachu- 
fetts,  and  runs  N.  £.  into  Merrimack 
Riycr. 

AssENcpowALS,  a  lake  wellward 
of  Chriftianaux  Lake,  and  through 
whivl*  its  waters  run  into  Albany  Ri- 
ver, in  New  South  Wules, 

AssiNiBOiLS,  or  4^V'%//,  a  river 
anil  lake  in  tho  N.  W.  part  of  North- 
Amcrifa.  The  river  is  faitl  to  rile  iu 
the  Mountains  of  Bright  Stories,  luns 
N.  E.  into  Lake  Ouinipiquc  in  N.  lat. 
51  i  W.  long.  106. 
'  The  lake  is  placed  in  fome  maps  in 

th« 


ATA 

the  ftd  dfg.  of  N.  lit.  and  9<th  of  W. 
king.  It  Imi  communiciition  with 
Chrlfttontttx  Like*  on  tlit  •b.lwanli 
which  Arnd>  i»i  wttcn  to  Junes  Biv. 
Ntar  thcA  lie  the  countriei  of  the 
ChriftiiMux,  and  ICirie,  called  alfo 
Kililftina. 

AiiiNOii,  a  nation  of  Indians  inhab- 
iting the  forefli  of  Canada. 

AlflVMrriON,  an  epileopal  city,  in 
the  province  of  Paraguay,  in  the  E.  di- 
vifion  of  Paraguay  or  La  Plata  in  S. 
America.  It  ftandi  on  the  caftcrn  hank 
of  a  river  of  iti  name,  a  little  above  the 
•lace  where  the  Picolmaga  fails  into  it ) 
having  Villa  Rica  on  tlie  N.  and  La 
Plata  on  the  8.  and  is  nearer  the  Ibuth- 
em,  than  the  Pacific  ocean  i  hut  not 
far  from  the  middle  nf  that  part  of  the 
coittincnt.  It  was  built  bv  the  Span- 
brds  In  153S,  and  is  remarkable  for  its 
healthy  fituation,  as  well  m  frr  the 
number  of  its  inhabitants,  and  the  rich 
and  fruitful  territory  in  which  it  Hands  j 
which  produces  a  great  variety  of  na> 
tive  and  exotic  fruits,  in  the  higheit 

rerfe£lion.  Here  are  feveral  hundred 
paniflt  families,  defcendants  of  the 
flower  of  the  gentry  who  fettled  in  this 
place  {  while  the  dregs  of  their  coun- 
trymen removed  to  other  parts.  There 
are  likewife  a  number  of  Meftizos  and 
Mulattoes.  The  city  lies  about  50 
leagues  above  the  confluence  of  the 
Paraguay  and  Parana,  where  the  for- 
mer begnis  to  be  sailed,  the  Kiver  dc 
la  Plata.  Near  .:he  city  is  a  lake,  noted 
for  having  in  the  middle  of  it  a  rock, 
which  (hoots  up  to  a  prodigious  height 
like  an  obeiiflc.  Lat.  a6.  S.  long.  57. 
40.  W. 

Assumption  Rivtr,  in  New-York, 
falls  in  from  the  E.  into  Lake  Ontario, 
after  a  N.  W.  and  W.  cowrfeof  about 
at  miles,  5  miles  S.  H.  'I'om  Pi.  Gaverfe. 

AsTCHiKOUNiri,av:iftlakeinWew- 
Britain,  abounding  with  whales,  and 
fuppofed  to  communicate  with  the 
Northern  Sea. 

Atacama,  or  Attacama,  a  town, 
harliour,  province,  and  juril'di^lion  in 
Peru  in  S.  America,  lao  leagues  from 
La  Plata ',  fertile,  and  remarkable  for 
the  fiflt  called  Tolo,  with  which  it  car- 
ries on  a  great  trade  with  tlie  inland 
provincei.  This  province  divides  the 
kingdom  of  Peru  from  that  of  Chili. 
Ihere  is  a  great  defert  of  the  fame 
namcj  and  a  chain  of  mountains  which 


A  TO 


•I 

from  the  PW* 


fcpirate  Ptni  on  the  N 
vmce  of  Q]tito.  On  thcfe  mounMiiM 
the  cold  is  lb  violent,  that  paflengtra 
are  fomctimes  fronen  to  death.  Lat* 
ta.  S.  long.  to.  so.  W. 

Atchi  KovNiri,  •  lake  in  La- 
brador, which  fends  its  watcra  ftwth- 
erly  into  St.  Lawrence  R.  through  • 
connrAed  chain  ot  fniall  lakes. 

Athapeicow  Lakt.  See  Ara- 
tbapffeow,  and  Siavt  Lmka. 

Athkni,  a  townlhip  in  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  3s  miles  N.  E.  from  Ben* 
nington,  and  nbout  6  W^.  from  Con- 
netficut  R.  having  450  inhabitants. 
Sextons  R.  which  riles  in  Londonderry, 

Kail'cs  S.  E.  by  Athens,  into  the  town- 
lip  of  Weltminfter  to  Conn.  K. 
Athol,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co. 
Mafliichufctts,  containing  16,000  acrea 
of  land,  very  rocky  and  uneven,  but 
well  watered  with  rivers  and  iltreams  t 
On  thefe  Hand  4  grift. mills,  6  faw-mills, 
a  fulling.mill  and  a  trip  hammer.  It 
contains  84!  inhabitants,  is  35  milea 
N.  W.  from  Worcefter,  and  yt  fi-om 
Bofton.  A  medicinal  fpring  famed  for 
its  many  virtues,  ifliics  out  of  a  high 
bank  on  Miller's  River,  ao  feet  above 
the  furfacc  of  the  river. 

Atkinson,  a  townfliip  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.  N.  Hampfhire,  which  was  in- 
corporated in  1767,  and  in  1775  con- 
tained 575  inhabitants,  in  1790  only 
479.  It  is  dtftant  30  miles  from  PortN 
mouth,  and  has  an  academy  which  was 
founded  in  1789,  by  the  Hon.  N.  Pea- 
body,  who  endowed  it  with  1000  acrea 
of  land. 

In  this  townfliip  is  a  large  meadow 
wherein  is  an  i/lland  of  6  or  7  acres,  which 
was  formerly  loaded  with  valuable  pine 
timber  and  other  foreft  wood.  When 
the  meadow  is  overflowed,  by  means 
of  an  artificial  dam,  this  ifland  rifes 
with  the  water,  v/hich  is  fometimes  6 
feet.  In  a  pond,  in  the  middle  of  the 
iflund,  there  have  been  fifli,  which,  when 
the  meadow  has  been  overflowed  have 
appeared  there,  when  the  water  haa 
been  drawn  off,  and  the  ifland  fettled 
to  its  ufual  place.  The  pond  is  now 
almoA;  covered  with  verdure.  In  it  a 
pole  50  feet  long  has  difappeared,  with- 
out finding  bottom. 

Atlantic  Oceant   The,   feparatea 
America  from  Europe  and  Afirica. 

Atoya<^e,  adeepand  large  river 
in  Mexico,  or  New  Spain.    On  it  ia 

B4  tU 


■■%* 


H  AUG 

tht  fmaw  imivmI  NrUn.  ctlltd  PtiiH 
di  Diit  190  nuilM  8.  B.oif  Mcxieo,  «»vtr 
whkh  MMchM  ud  carriafts  convcm> 
iBClvMA. , 

AtratOi  •conMcnbl*  rhrer  which 
ruM  into  Um  Qulf  of  Mexico,  near  Cfar- 
thatcna. 

ATTLtBOROVOiit  a  townlhSp  in 
Brillol  CO.  Maflkchufettt,  3s  milct 
ibutherly  from  Bofton,  and  9  N.  from 
Ptoiidcncc. 

AtwooS*!  JCpr,  a  (Wiall  ifland  fur- 
rounded  byroclit,  la  milct  N.  E.  from 
CroolLcd  I.  and  jocaftward  from  Yuma, 
or  Long.  I.  one  of  the  Baluunai.  N. 
lat.  a),  at.  W.  long.  73. 

AvovtTA  Cp.  in  Virginia, hat  Albe> 
maric  co.  on  the  E.  Part  of  it  lies  E. 
and  part  W«  of  the  North  Mt.  a  ridge 
•fthcAUeghany.  The  foil  it  fertile, 
•nd  tlie  county  contains  10,886  inhabi- 
tants, including  t  c<7  flavei. 

Here  is  a  remarkable  cafcade,  called 
tiie  FalSiig  spring.  It  is  a  branch  of 
the  James,  where  it  is  called  Jack(bn*s 
R.  rifing  in  the  mountains  10  miles  S. 
Vr.  from  the  ll'arm  Strmg^  or  Hoi 
Springs  which  lies  in  N.  lat.  38.  9.  W. 
long.  80.  6.  At  the  FalBttg  Spruit  the 
vvatcrfiills  soo  feet)  which  is  about 
50  feet  higher  than  the  fall  of  Nia- 
gara. Between  the  flieet  of  water  and 
the  rock  below,  a  man  mav  walk  acrofs 
dry.  The  Iheet  of  water  is  only  la  or 
3  5  feet  wide  aborc  and  fomewhat  wider 
below, .  It  is  broken  in  its  breadth  in 
f  wo  01-  three  places,  but  not  at  all  in  its 
height. 

AvovsTA,  in  the  Upper  DlftriA  of 
Georgiat  was  till  lately  the  feat  of  eo- 
▼crnment.  It  is  fituated  on  a  fine  plain 
In  Richmond  co.  on  the  S.  W.  bank  of 
^vafinah  R.  where  it  is  near  500  yards 
broad,  at  a  bend  of  the  river,  \%f  miles 
N.  W,  fffmi  Savannah ;  from  Wafh- 
ington  S,  B.  by  E.  and  from  Louifville, 
S.  weiterly,  50  miles )  and  93^  miles  S. 
^ff.  from  rhiladelphia. 

At  the  firft  fettlement  of  the  col<my. 
Gen.  Oglethorpe  ere£led  a  fort  here, 
for  prote£ling  the  Indian  trade,  and 
holduig  treaties  with  the  natives.  In 
1739,  about  600  peofjle  feparated  them- 
felvet  froin  the  migritlme  fettlements, 
and  removed  to  its  neighbourhood  to 
carry  on  a  peltry  trade  with  the  In- 
dians. There  were,  however,  but  3 
or  4  houfes  in  the  town  of  Augufta  in 
•  780^  and  in  1787  it  cpntaiiMd  aco* 


AUit 

The  comtry  tooimI  It  has  an  sfNtlkii^ 
All],  which  with  its  central  fittntien* 
batwcen  the  mmr  and  lower  cowMriet, 
will  bring  it  laR  into  importance.  M^ 
lat.  3}.  19.  W.  long.  to.  46. 

AvoviTiNia,  8t.  a  port  aadriver 
Ml  the  coall'of  Labrador,  lUfr  theftrai^a 
of  BcUUlt  and  oppofite  St.  John's  Bay; 
Newfoundland.  There  are  two  finall 
iflands  in  the  harbour,  and  about  a 
niilet  8.  W.  runs  a  chain  of  little  iflands, 
called  St.  AugujiUk's  Cluun  \  the  out- 
crmoft  of  which  is  a  remarkable  finooth 
rock.  It  is  about  15  miles  from  Great 
Mecatina  I.  N.  ht.  5 1.  10.  W.  long. 
38.  so. 

AvGVtTiNEsSqyAiti,ST.  a  num- 
ber of  fmall  iflands  on  the  coaft  of 
Labrador,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
the  largeft  of  which  are  from  Shecatica 
Bayon  the  N.E.  to  Outer  I.  8.  W.viz. 
Large,  Sandy,  and  Outer  iflands.  Thefe 
are  near  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

AvGVBTiNB  St.  the  capital  of  E. 
Florida,  is  fituated  on  the  fea>coaft» 
about  to  leagues  from  the  mouth  of 
the  gnlf  of  Frarida,  180  miles  E.  from 
St.  Mark's,  and  3 1 6  8.  W.  from  Charlef- 
ton  in  S.  Carolina.  It  is  of  an  oblong 
figure,  and  intericAed  by  4  ftreets, 
which  cut  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  town  is  well  fortified,  has  been 
under  different  matters,  and  now^  be- 
longs to  the  Spanifli  king.  It  has  a 
church  and  monaftery  of  the  order  of 
its  name.  The  breakers  at  the  entrance 
of  the  harbour,  have  formed  two  chan- 
nels, whofe  bars  have  8  fe^r  of  water 
each.    N.  lat.  30.  W.  long.  •»«.  30. 

Aucvstine,Cape  St.  on  thecoaft 
of  Brazil,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  300 
miles'  N.  E.  from  the  bay  of  all  SouU. 
lat.  8,  30.  S.  long.  35.  40.  W. 

AuRBAN  Academy,  arefpeAable  fe* 
minary  of  learning  in  Amherft,  New- 
Hampfhire,  which  fee. 

AvRELius,  a  military  township  in 
New- York,  in  Onondago  co.  on  Owafco 
L.  having  the  Cayuaga  Refervation 
Lands  W.  and  Marceflus  E.  and  9 
miles  E.  of  the  ferry  on  Cayuaga  L. 
By  the  ftate  cenfus  <»  1796, 113  of  the 
inhabitants  are  clcAors.  See  Mitittay 
Townjhips. 

Aurora,  an  ifland  belonging  to  th^ 
Archipelago  of  the  Great  Cydades, 
15.  8.  S.  lat.  and  165.  58.  £.  long, 
from  Paris,  difcovercd  by  Ibugainville, 
May  asd,  1 76|.    |t4»  about  »o  leagues 

Tohf 


# 


kmc  tuid  two  broMl.    lt»  tdbni  fkm 
U  theft  and  covered  with  wood. 

Atalon,  a  pcniiiAila  M  the  8.  S. 
«.orn«rof  the  UUnd  of  Ncwfbundland» 
which  U  Joined  to  the  ifland  by  a  nar- 
row nr'k  of  land,  that  ha*  Placentia 
Bay  on  the  8.  and  Trinity  Ba^  on  the 
N.  The  £.  pait  of  thii  peninfula  ia 
tncompaAed  by  the  Great  Bank,  and 
hat,  hefidet  the  two  former  bays,  the 
bay  of  Conception  on  the  N.  and  the 
bay  of  St.  Mary  and  Trepafly  bay  on 
the  S.  It  contains  ftveral  excellent 
harbours,  bays  and  capes,  among  which 
are  St.  Mary's,  Pine,  Race,  Ballard,  St. 
Prancis,  &c. 

AvANCY,  a  jurifdiflion  AibjcA  to 
thcbifliop  of  Cufco,  and  lies  4  leagues 
N.  E.  of  that  city.  It  abounds  in  Au 
gar  canest  fraits  and  com. 

AvERiL,  a  townfltip  in  EflVx  county, 
Vermont,  tbrmerly  in  that  of  Orange. 
It  joins  Hamilton  en  the  hi.  W.  Canaan 
on  the  N.  £.  and  its  N.  corner  is  the 
Canada  line. 

AvEs,  or  Bird'/  IJUmdt  in  the  Weft. 
Indies,  Htuated  in  N.  lat.  15.  30.  W. 
lung.  63.  15.  named  fo  from  the  great 
number  of  birds  that  breed  there,  yet 
is  without  a  tree,  which  obliges  them 
to  lay  theii'  eggs  in  tiie  fand.  A  flioal 
runs  from  hence  to  the  ifland  of  Sabs, 
St.  Euftatius,  and  St.  Chriftopher's ; 
which  is  about  %  leagues  broad,  and 
from  tc  to  ao  fathom  ibundings. 

There  is  another  ifland  of  this  name 
among  the  Little  Antilles,  between  the 
coaft  of  St.  Jago  de  Leon,  in  Terra 
Fii  ma,  and  the  ifland  of  Bonaire. 

AviNO  La  Panea,  a  town  in  the 
weftem  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Leon, 
in  Noith- America,  between  two  of  the 
head  branches  of  Naflas  river. 

Avon,  ariver  ot Nova- Scotia, which 
empties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  a  little 
eaflwanl  of  Halifax.  It  if  navigable  as 
far  as  fort  Edward  for  vefTeis  of  400 
tons,  and  for  veflcls  of  60  tons  a  miles 
higher.  A  river  called  St.  Croix  runs 
into  the  Avon,  whofe  Iburce  is  in  lakes 
and  fprings,  about  7  miles  from  its  en- 
trance, where  it  is  croifed  by  a  bridge 
on  the  road  leading  to  Windfor.  It  i& 
navigable  for  veflels  of  60  tons  3  miles, 
and  Tor  large  boats  7  miles. 

Axas,  a  town  in  the  interior  part  of 
^ew  Albion,  in  N.lat.  39.  s*  W.  long. 
1 14.  30.    See  S^ui'vira, 

AyENNis,anlg^itribe  in  Florida. 


BAV  %f 

Aybritown,  or  ^jnptvm,  in  Bwp 
lington  CO.  New*  Jtrfly,  lies  on  the  mid* 
dkl>ranchofAn€oaiBCiMk,  16  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  creek  in  iht 
Debware,  and  1 3  8.  cafterly  froi|i  Bur- 
lington. 

AYMARAKi,aIttrifiliaion  in  the  cm- 

?ir«ofPeru|  fubJeA  to  the  bifliop  of 
^•lfco,  40  leagues  S.  W.  of  that  city. 
It  abounds  in  fugnrs,  cattle,  com,  noA 
mines  of  gold  and  filrer  {  which  lad  are 
for  the  mdl  part  neglcAed,  as  it  is  but 
thinly  inhabited. 

AzvcA,  or  Jxuat  a  little  town  la 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  in  the  W« 
Indies,  on  the  fouthem  fide,  at  tho 
bot'om  of  a  deep  bay.  Before  the 
French  rei'olution  it  belonged  to  thft 
Spaniaids. 

B 

BAAL*s  River  and  Sajt*  >nWcft 
Greenland,  lie  between  Bear  Soond 
on  the  S.  E.  and  Delft's  Point  on  :!« 
N.  W.  and  oppofite  the  mouth  of  Hud- 
fon's  Strait. 

Babahoyo,  a  village  and  cufloia 
houfe  on  Guayaquil  River,  in  Peru,  be- 
ing the  landing  place  from  the  city  of 
Guayaquil.  Here  the  merchandize 
from  Peru  and  Terra  Firma,  and  their 
refpe£tive  provinces,  ai-e  landed. 

oABOPAS,  a  town  in  the    interior 

f>art,  af  New  Albion,  eaflward  of  tho 
ong  range  of  mountains  which  extend 
northward  fiom  the  head  of  the  penin- 
fula of  California.  N.  lat.  37.  45.  W, 
long.  114. 15.  See  S^Mvira. 
Back  Rivtr.  See  Baltimore Couatr^ 
Beaza,  the  chief  town  of  the  diftaich 
of  Quixos,  in  the  province  of  Quito,  in 
Peru,  and  the  refidence  of  the  governor. 
It  was  built  in  1559  by  Don  Rameiro 
d'Avilos.  The  chief  inanufaAure  hera 
is  cotton  cloth. 

Baffin's  Bay^  is  the  largeft  and  moft 
northern  gulf  or  bay,  that  has  yet  been 
difcovered  in  N.  America;  and  lies 
between  the  70th  and  80th  degrees  of 
N.  lat.  It  opens  into  the  Atlantic 
ocean  tlux>ugh  fiafiin's  and  Davis** 
ftraits,  between  Cape  Chidley  on  the 
Labrador  coalt,  and  Cape  Farewell  or 
thatcf  Weft  Greenland  ;  both  of  which 
are  in  about  the  6oth  degree  of  N.  lat. 
It  abounds  with  whales ;  and  («  the 
S.  W.  fide  of  Davis's  ftraits  has  a  com- 
municatioQ  with  Hudii)n's  Bay,  through 


ft6 


BAH 


aclufferof  iflands.  It  was  difcovered 
by  the  navigator  whofe  name  it  bears, 
in  the  year  i66a.  Some  maps  (liew  a 
communication  with  Hudibirs  Bay,  in 
the  70th  degree  o.  N.  lat.  atid  in  the 
70th  of  W.  long. 

.  B/iGAD  VCE  PoMy  a  head  land  within 
Penobfcot  Bay,  in  the  DiftriA  of  Maine. 

Bahant  A  Channel.  \  See  Gulf  of  Flo- 
rida and  Bahama  IJlamls, 

Bahama  IJhmdst  in  the  W.  Indies, 
called  by  the  Spaniards  Lucayos,  com- 
prehend under  this  denomination  all 
the  iflands,  in  geneial,  which  are  to  the 
K.  of  Cuba  and  St.  Domingo.  The 
/irft  difcovery  of  the  New  World,  by 
Columbus,  b«gan  Oftober  11,  179%,  at 
Gaanahani,  or  Cats  Ifland,  one  of  the 
Bahamas.  Thty  were  theh  fuH  6f 
people}  who  wert;  fimple*  mild,  and 
Jived  hnppy  in  the  midll  of  plenty. 
Theie  untbrtunate  people  were  tranf- 
poited  to  the  mines  ot  St.  Domingo, 
after  the  cruel  Spaniards  ha'^  extermm- 
ated  the  numerous  inhabitants  cf  that 
large  ifland  j  i4year»jifter  the  difcov- 
eiy  of  thefe  iflands,  not  one  perfon  re- 
mained in  any  of  the  Baliamas,  At  this 
time  C!iailes  II.  g;ranted  the  Bahamas 
to  the  piopiietors  of  Carolina.  They 
!rnt  leveral  governors,  and  built  the 
town  of  NaflUu,  which  is  now  the  feat 
of  government  in  the  I.  of  Providence. 
The  ifland  of  Providence  aftcrwai'ds 
became  an  harbour  for  pirates,  who, 
for  a  long  time,  infefled  the  American 
navigation.  In  1718,  Capt.  Woods 
Rogers  was  fent  out  to  diflodge  the 
pirates,  and  fonn  a  fettlement.  This 
the  captain  effected;  and  the  iflands 
have  been  improving  fince  by  a  flow 
progrefs.     In  time  of  war  the  people 

Sain  confiderably  by  the  prizes  con- 
emned  there;  and  in  the  courfe  of 
the  pr  (cnt  war  between  Great  Britain 
and  France,  numbers  of  American  vel- 
fels,  carrying  proviHons  and  ftores  to 
French  ports,  iiave  been  carried  in  and 
condemned;  and  at  all  times  they 
piofit  by  the  wrecks  which  are  frequent 
in  this  labyrinth  of  rocks  at.d  flioals. 
The  Spaniards  and  Americans  captured 
thefe  iflands  during  the  lad  war ;  but 
they  wtreretaktn  April  7,  1783.  The 
Bahamas  are  faid  to  be  500  in  number  j 
fomeof  them  only  rocks,  others  very 
low  and  narrow,  or  little  fpots-  of  land 
on  a  kvel  with  the  water's  e«lge ;  but 
aa  of  them  are  hr^e  and  fertUe,  fomc  | 


BAH 

indeed  rocky  and  barren.  Five  of  them 
only  are  inhabited,  viz.  ProwJence, 
Harbour,  Eluthera,  Cat,  and  Exuma } 
Turk's  ifland  a  have  abobt  500  men  in 
the  fait  feafon,  but  at  other  timet  half 
of  them  return  to  Bermuda. 

The  princiual  ifland  whibli  has  givtti 
its  name  to  the  whole  clufier  is  Great 
Bahanuit  in  the  Northern  Bani,  called 
the  Little  Bank  oj  Bahanutt  wh  fe  fitua- 
tion  is  £.  and  W.  about  ao  leagues 
from  the  coaft  of  Florida.  At  a  (ittle 
diflance  to  the  E.  is  Lucayonequty  oi 
nearly  the  fame  fize,  whofe  (ituation  ia 
N.  and  S.  To  the  N.  of  both  ia  Lu. 
cajo,  which  liea  E .  and  W.  A  channel 
ot  8  or  10  leagites  feparates  the  .Little 
Bank  from  the  Great  Bank,  in  which 
is  Providence  I.  with  the  great  ifland  of 
Alabafler,  which  has  Harbour  I,  on  the 
N.  Cape.  Androj  iflands  are  on  the 
S.  W.  of  Providence,  which  uke  up  a 
fpace  of  30  leagues  long  and  5  broad. 
Towards  the  S.  E.  are  Stockingy  Exuma^ 
and  Yuma,  or  Long  Ifland .  Guanahani,  . 
or  Cats  i.  ihe  firft  difcovered  in  Ame->  • 
rica,  lies  £.  of  the  Great  Bank,  and  is 
feparated  from  it  by  Exnma  Sound. 

1  he  climate  of  thefe  iflands  is  tem- 
perate and  the  air  healthy.  On  th^ 
coaft  is  found  ambergrile ;  and  the  in- 
habitants catch  great  quantities  of  green 
turtle.  The  only-  article  cultivated  for 
exportation  is  cotton;  of  which  the 
medium  export  is  1,5^^0  bagsofscwt. 
each.  In  1787,  there  were  4,500  acret^ 
in  cotton.  |n  1785,  1786,  and  ijiJt" 
which  we(%  favourable  years,  each  acre 
pi-oduced  about  i  lalbs.  It  is  very  lia- 
hit  to  be  deftroyed  by  the  worms ; 
between  Sept.  and  March,  1788,  no 
lefs  than  iSo  tons  were  deftroyed.  Thefe 
iflands  alfo  produce  a  great  quantity  of 
dying  woods,  and  fome  lignumvitae 
and  mahogany;  and  lie  between  as. 
and  a7.  N.  lat.  and  73.  and  81.  W. 
long.  In  1773,  there  were  »05a  white, 
and  1241  black,  inhabitants;  but  of 
late  years  there  has  been  a  confiderable 
emigration  iVom  North  America,  fo  tliat 
the  precife  number  cannot  be  given. 

Bahama,  the  chief  of  the  Bahama 
iflamls,  is  about  ao  leagues  from  the 
coaft  of  Florida,  and  about  10  W.  from 
the  ifland  of  Lticayo.  It  is  about  a8 
leagues  long  and  3  broad,  is  very  fruit- 
ful, has  a  ferene  air,  and  it  watered 
with  multitudes  of  fpringt  and  brooks. 
It  formerly  produced  great  quantities 

of 


B  A  tJ 

oC  (afTafins,  farfaparUla  and  redwood, 
which  were  all  deftroyed  by  the  Span- 
iards. Its  chief  produce,  nqw,  is  cot- 
ton, Indian  wheat,  fowls,  and  a  particu- 
lar kind  of  rabbits :  they  have  fupplies 
of  other  provifions  from  the  continent. 
Their  chief  commerce  confifts  in  fur- 
pilhine  with  provifions,  fuch  (hips  as 
are  driven  in  here  by  bad  weather.  It 
18  fifiuated  on  the  fand  bank,  called 
f^ittle  Bahama  Battk^  which  extends 
northward  60  miles.  The  Straits  of 
Bahama,  or  Gu(f  of  Florida,  lies  be- 
tween the  coaft  of  Florida  and  tins 
ifiand.  The  Spanifh  fliips  from  the 
Jiavannah  homeward,  are  obliged  to 
wait  ail  opportunity  to  pafs  this  ftrait ; 
and  the  ftrait  is  16  leagues  broad,  and 
4-S  long. 

Bahia,  or  Bay,  fometimes  applied 
to  St.  Salvadorc,  the  capital  of  Brazil, 
and  to  the  Bay  of  All-Saints,  in  which 
captainftiip  it  is  fituated. 

Bahia  de  Chetumel,  called  by  the 
^ritifh  Hanover  Bay,  lies  on  the  £.  fide 
of  the  peniniula  of  Yucatan  in  the  fea  of 
Honduras,  and  into  which  falls  Honde 
i^.  It  has  the  Logwood  Country  on 
the  S,  At  its  mouth  are  two  large 
iflands  and  a  number  of  iflots.  The 
largcft  ifland  is  Ambergrife  Key,  which 
fvns  along  the  mouth  of  the  bay,  and  is 
70  miles  long. 

Bairdstown,  or  Beardfiown,  in 
Nelfon  CO.  Kentucky,  is  a  flourishing 
town,  0*''  a  16  inhabitants,  fituated  on 
the  head  waters  of  Salt  river,  50  miles 
is.  £.  from  Louifville,  and  nearly  the 
fame  diftance  S.  W.  from  Danville. 

Bakersfield,  anewly  fettled  town- 
(hip  in  Franklin  co.  Verniont,  formerly 
in  Chittenden  co.  In  1790  it  had  only 
93  inhabitants. 

Bakerstown,  in  Cumberland  co. 
Difli-i6l  of  Maine,  contains  1276  inhabi 
tants  ;  16s  miles  N.  E.  from  Boftcn. 

Balcdutha,  a  fettlement  in  the 
eafternmoft  part  of  Kentucky,  on  the 
W.  fide  of  Big  Sandy  R.  Near  this  is 
Clay  Lick,  and  about  a  mile  S.  E.  ftands 
Vancciiver's  Fort,  on  the  point  of  land 
foinied  by  the  fork  of  the  Big  Sandy. 

BALD£AGLB,or  IVarrior  Mountains , 
lie  about  zoo  miles  W.  of  Philadelphin, 
in  Bedford  co.  Pennfylvania,  and  forms 
the  wedem  boundary  of  Bald  Eagle 
Valley. 

Bald  Eagle  is  likewife  the  name  of  a 
fiver  which  runs  a  N .  £ .  courie  44  miles 


B  AL  sr 

and  Bills  Into  the  W.  branch  of  Sufqve- 
hanna  R.  The  head  water  of  Huron 
R.  which  falls  into  Lake  Ei'ie,  is  called 
Bald  Eagle  Creek. 

Bald  Eagle  Valley,  or,  at  it  ii 
commonly  called,  Sinkif^  Spring  yalU/, 
lies  upon  the  frontiers  ot  Bedford  co. 
in  Pennfylvania,  about  aoo  miles  W. 
from  Philadelphia.  |r  has  on  the  £.  a 
chain  of  high,  rugged  mountains,  call- 
ed the  Cattoe  Ridjf,  and  on  the  W.  the 
BaJd  Eagk,  or  Warrior  Mts.  This  it 
a  pleafant;  vale  of  limeftone  bottom,  5 
miles  in  extent  whertf  wideft}  and  in 
the  vicinity  are  great  quantities  ot  lead 
ore.  It  contained,  in  1779,  about  60  or 
70  families,  living  in  log-houles,  who 
tbrrtied,  in  the  fpace  of  7  or  8  years, 
feveral  valuable  plantations,  fome  of 
which  are  remarkably  agreeable  on  ac- 
count of  their  (ituation. 

During  the  late  war  with  Great  Bri- 
tain, lead  was  much  wanted,  and  very 
difficult  to  be  procured,  which  induced 
a  company,  under  the  promiies  of  the 
ftate,  to  fettle  heq^"  ^d  eftabliih  a  re- 
gular fet  of  works.  A  fort  of  logs  was 
ere£ted  for  the  prote6lion  of  the  miners  j 
und  a  coniideiable  quantity  of  ore  was 
produced,  from  which  lead  enough  was 
made,  to  give  a  competent  idea  of  the 
real  value  of  the  mines  in  general.  The 
danger  of  the  fltuation,  however,  while 
an  Indian  war  continued,  occafioned 
the  failure  of  the  undertaking. 

The  ..ad  ore  was  of  many  kinds  ; 
fome  in  broad  flakes,  and  others  of  the 
fteely  texture.  Several  regular  (halts 
were  funk  to  a  confiderable'depth ;  one 
of  which  was  on  the  hill,  upon  which 
the  fort  was  ereaed,  and  from  which 
many  largfi  mafles  of  ore  were  procur- 
ed ;  but,  nut  forming  a  regular  v<:in,  it 
Wa*-  difcontinued,  and  another  opened 
about  a  mile  from  the  fort,  nearer  to 
Frank's  Town.  H  've  the  miners  con- 
tinued until  they  f.nally  relinquifhed 
the  bufinefs.  When  they  firlt  opgan, 
they  found  in  the  upper  luiface  or  ve- 
getable earth,  fevernl  Vundrcd  weigltt  of 
cubic  lead  ore,  clean  and  lui mixed  with 
any  fubftance  whatever,  which  continu- 
ed as  a  clue,  leading  them  down  thio' 
the  different  ilrata  of  caith,  mail,  &c. 
until  they  came  to  the  rock,  wliich  is 
here  in  general  of  the  liineltone  kind. 

Among  other  curiofities  of  tliij  placd, 
is  that  call  d  the  S'-.x'ulloivs,  which  ab- 
forb  feveral  of  thj  large  It  il  teams  of  the 

valley 


2t 


B  A  L 


m 


ralkyt  and  after  conveying  them  feveral 
nailet  under  ground^  in  a  fabteiraneous 
courict  return  them  again  upon  the  fur 
face.  Thefe  fubterraneous  paflk^es 
have  giren  rife  to  the  name^  Sinkng 
Spiring  Valkjf.  Of  thefe  the  moft  re- 
markable is  called  the  Arch  Springs, 
and  run  clofe  upon  the  road  from  the 
town  to  the  fort.  It  m  a  deep  hollow, 
liarroed  in  the  limeftone-rock»  about  30 
lect  wide>  with  a  rude  natural  ftone 
arch  hanging  over  it,  forming  a  pafTtge 
for  the  water,  which  it  throws  out  with 
iitme  degree  of  violence,  and  in  fuch 
■JeiitY  as  ro  form  a  fine  ftream,  which  at 
length  buries  itfelf  again  in  the  bowels 
of  the  earth.  Some  of  thefe  pits  are 
near  300  feet  deep ;  the  water  at  the 
bottom  feenis  in  rapid  motion  ;  and  is 
*(^>arentJy  as  black  as  ink ;  though  it 
is. as  pure  as  the  fineft  fprings  can  pro- 
duce. Many  of  thefe  pits  aie  placed 
along  the  courfe  of  this  fqbteraneous 
river,  which  foon  after  takes  an  oppor- 
tnaity  of  an  opening  at  a  declivity  of 
the  ground,  and  keemjiilong  the  furface 
among  the  rocky  nillil  for  a  few  rods, 
then  enters  the  mouth  of  a  large  cave, 
wbole  exterior  aperture  would  be  fuf- 
Hcient  to  admit  a  (haliop  with  her  fails 
full  (p. ;  ad.  In  the  infiile  it  keeps  from 
iS  to  20  feet  wide.  The  roof  declines 
as  yon  adyancs,  and  a  ledge  ot  looie, 
nigged  rocks,  keeps  in  tolerable  order, 
on  one  (kle,  affording  means  to  fcram- 
biealoi^.  In  the  midft  of  this  cave  is 
much  timber,  bodies  of  trees,  branches, 
&c.  which  being  lodged  up  to  the  roof 
of  this  paflfage,  (liews  that  the  water  is 
fwelled  up  to  the  very  top  during  freili- 
cts.  This  opening  in  the  hill  continues 
about  400  yards,  when  the  cave  wid- 
«ns,  after  you  have  got  round  a  fudden 
turning  (which  prevents  its  being  dif- 
coveivd  till  you  are  within  it)  into  a 
fpacious  room,  at  the  bottom  of  which 
is  a  vortex,  the  water  that  falls  into  it 
whirling  round  with  amazing  force ; 
fticks,  or  even  pieces  of  timber,  are 
immediately  abforbed,  and  carried  out 
of  fight,  the  water  boiling  up  with  ex- 
cefTive  violence,  which  fubfides  by  de- 
grees, until  the  experiment  is  renewed. 
From  the  top  of  the  Bald  Eagle 
Mountains  is  a  fine  prolpe£l  of  thole  of 
theAlieghany,  ftretching  along  until  they 
feem  to  meet  the  clouds.  Much  flate 
is  found  here,  with  ftrone  figns  of  pit 
coal.    Such  as  viTit  tbcw  parts  muft 


B  A  L 

crofs  the  Juniata  river  3  or  4  times, 
from  Standing  Stone  or  Huntingdon,  to 
the  fort  i  from  which  it  is  computed  to 
be  about  *t  miles  diftance. 

Bald  Mountains.    See  Teneget. 

Bald  Head,  at  the  mouth  of  Cape 
Fear  River,  N.  Carolina,  is  at  the  S.  W. 
end  of  Smith's  I.  and  with  Oak  I.  forms 
the  main  entrance  into  the  river.  The 
light-houCe,  which  was  ereAed  here  in 
Dec.  :794,  bears  miles  N.  N.  W. 
from  the  point  of  Cape  Fear,  and  14 
miles  N.  W.  by  N.  Irom  the  extremity 
of  the  Flying  Pan  ihoal. 

Bald  Head,  makes  the  S.  W.  mrt 
of  what  is  calletl  Wells  Bay,  in  the  Dif- 
tri£l  of  Maine.  Between  Cape  Ntdd  ick 
harbour  on  the  S.  S.  W,  and  WelU 
Bay  are  ftveral  coves,  where  Imall  vcf- 
fels  in  a  imooth  time,  and  with  a  weft- 
ierly  wind,  haul  afhore,  and  a»  loaded 
with  wood  in  the  courfe  of  a  tide,  with 
eafe  and  lafety. 

Baldivia,  or  Faldivioi,  a  feaport 
town  in  the"  province  of  Chili  Proper,: 
in  the  kingdom  of  Chili,  S'.  America.  It  1 
was  built  by  the  Spanifli  general  Baklivia 
about  the  year  1551,  and  ilands  between 
the  rivers  Callacalles  and  Poitero,  where 
they  fall  into  the  S.  Sea.  In  the  year 
i559>  the  Chilefe  chafed  the  Spaniards 
frum  this  fettlement,bumed  thetown,and 
put  the  inhabitants  to  the  fwoid }  pour- 
ing  melted  gold  down  the  governor's 
throat  when  alive,  and  afterwards  ufed 
his  (kull  for  a  cup  to  drink  in.  There 
are  many  gold  mints  here,  and  the 
Spaniards  have  fortified  the  place 
iirongiy,  as  it  is  fiippofed  to  be  the  key 
of  the  S.  Seas.  The  whites  of  Peru 
and  Chili,  banifhed  for  their  crimes,  are 
fent  hither  to  fupport  the  fortifications. 
The  Dutch  made  themfelves  matters  of 
it  in  1643  }  but  were  forced  to  abandon 
it,  leaving  all  their  cannon,  30  or  40 
pieces,  baggage  and  f^ores }  on  advice 
that  fuccours  were  arriving  to  oppole 
them  from  Peru.  The  viceroy  iimdt 
30,000  aowns  a  year  to  fupport  the 
garrilbn.  There  are  great  rains  here 
during  3  months  of  the  year.  S.  lat, 
31.  38.  VV.  long.  73.  20. 

Baldivia  is  alio  the  name  of  a  river  in 
Chili. 

Balize,  a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Mif- 
fifippi  River. 

Balleze,  Ballizef  or  H^alliSf  a  ri- 
ver in  the  peuinfula  of  Yucatan,  New. 
Spain,  which  runs  N.  eafttrly  abova 


•00  mllci)  and  empties  into'the  bay  of 
iionduras,  oppofitethe  N.  end  of  Tur- 
neff  Ifland.  By  the  treat jr  of  peace  in 
X7S],  it  is  agreed  that  Britifh  fubjefls 
fhall  have  the  right  of  cutting  and  car- 
rying  away  logvi^ood  in  the  diftri£l  ly- 
ing between  this  river  and  that  of  Rio 
Honde,  on  the  N.  which  falls  into  Han- 
over Bay.  The  courfe  of  the  rivers  are 
to  be  the  unalterable  boundaries. 

Balltown,  a  townfhip  in  Saratoga 
CO.  New- York,  formerly  in  Albany  co. 
and  contained  in  1790,  733)  inhabi- 
tants, including  69  flaves.  By  the  ftate 
ccnl'us  in  1796,  there  appears  to  be 
s66  eleiSlors  in  this  townmip.  It  lies 
%6  miles  N.  of  Albany,  has  a  Prefljy- 
teri^n  meeting- houfe,  and  is  in  a  thriv- 
ing ftate. 

The  medicinal  waters  called  Balltown 
SprittgSy  from  their  being  fouiid  within 
the  limits  of  this  town,  are  of  great  ce- 
lebrity, both  on  account  of  their  heal- 
ing virtue,  and  the  fuperior  accommo- 
dation found  near  them  for  valetudina- 
rians. They  are  fituated  about  iz 
miles  W.  of  Still  Water;  i^  from  that 
part  of  the  banks  of  the  Hudibn  famous 
for  the  vi£lory  of  Gen.  Gates  oyer  Gen. 
Burgoyue;  36  N.  of  Albany ;  30  S.  of 
Lake  George,  and  196  above  the  city  of 
New- York.  The  fprings  are  found  in 
the  bottom  of  a  valley,  or  excavation, 
tunning  a  kind  of  bafon,  of  about  fifty 
acres  in  extent.  In  this  hollow  grow 
lofty  pines,  which  are  overtopped  by 
others,  and  rife  at  a  greater  or  lels  dif- 
t'lnce  above  the  brim  of  this  bafbn. 
The  woods  are  pretty  well  cleared  near 
the  fprings.  There  is  a  large  houfe  for 
entertainment,  with  neat  bathing  houfes, 
and  (hower  baths  for  the  convenience  of 
invalids.  Thefe,  as  alfo  the  greateft 
part  of  the  valley,  belong  to  an  emi- 
nent merchant  of  New- York  j  the 
largeft  i'pi  ing,  however,  belongs  to  the 
public.  Sir  William  Johnion  made  this 
obfervation.  when  he  fold  this  tra6l  of 
Ifind  to  private  individuals :  <<  In  tracing 
the  hillory  of  thefe  medicinal  fprings, 
1  could  only  leaia  that  an  Indian  chief 
dilcovered  them  to  a  fick  French  officer 
in  the  early  part  of  their  wars  with 
the  £nglifl\.  But  whether  they  were 
thefe  very  fprings  in  this  bafon,  or  thofe 
at  10  miles  diftance,  properly  called  the 
Saratoga  Surings,  I  know  not."  The 
toil  tor  half  a  dozen  m<les  round  this 
f\Ktp  is  poor  and  faody,  produciog 


B  A  L  t9 

little  Ak  than  pine  treet,  flmib-oaki* 
fern,  and  muUen.  In  the  hills  in  the 
vicinity,  ores  have  been  accidcntaiiy 
found,  efpecially  iron  and  copper,  or 
rather  what  the  mineralogies  call  yir- 
ruginous  and  caprtoiu  fyirites.  The  val- 
ley of  Balltown  and  its  enviixmi  may  b« 
made  an  enchanting  fpot,  equal,  nay, 
fuperior  in  fome  refpefts,  to  any  of  the 
watering  places  in  Europe.  The  ICaya« 
deraflbras  river,  which  is  about  10  yard* 
wide,  gives  leveral  hints  to  the  man  <^ 
tafte,  to  turn  its  waters  to  the  ufe  and 
beauty  of  the  future  town,  which  theft 
medicbial  fprings  will  one  day  laifc  'm 
this  place. 

Tne  medicinal  waters  which  liavt 
made  this  fpot  fo  famous  of  late>  are 
remarkably  limpid,  confidering  they 
contain  iront  a  mineral  alkaiif  nmmcm 
/alt,  and  linu.  They  are  briflc  and 
fparkling  like  champaigne.  In  drink« 
ing  they  aiFe£l  the  nofe  and  palate  like 
bottled  beer,  and  (liehtly  affieft  tiic 
head  of  fome  people,  oy  their  inebri. 
ating  quality.  They  derive  this  exht- 
leratine  quality  irom  what  Dr.  Prieft^ 
calls  Jhctd  air,  and  is  that  animating 
fometbsMg  which  gives  adivity  to  yeaft, 
and  life  to  malt  liquors.  It  is  uied  ia 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  fpringa  in- 
ftcad  <»  yeaft  in  making  bread;  and 
makes  it  rife  more  fpeedily  and  efivco 
tually  than  any  other  ferment  in  0fdi« 
nary  ufe.  Horfes  drink  thefe  waters 
with  aviJIity.  The  ignorant  country 
people  fee,  with  aftonifliment,  that  a 
candle  will  not  bum  near  the  furface 
of  thefe  waters.  Fifli  and  froes  are 
killed  in  a  few  minutes,  and  geefe  and 
ducks  can  only  fwim  in  there  a  few 
minutes,  before  they  expire.  Theft 
waters  are  apt  to  burft  bottles,  when 
corked  in  very  warm  weather,  efpecially 
during  a  thunder  ftorm;  but  with 
care  may  be  tranfported  in  bottles  to 
any'  dillance.  They  boil  with  a  very 
mo<lerate  degree  of  heatj  they  are 
neverthelefs,  remarkably  coklj  for 
when  the  mercury  in  Fahrenheit's 
thermometer  ftood  at  86.  in  the  Open 
air,  aiKl  79.  in  tlie  brook  running  near 
the  fpi  ing,  it  ftood  in  one  of  thefe  mine- 
ral fprings  at  49.  and  in  the  other  at  51. 
The  firit  was  cunllantly  excludal  from 
the  rays  of  the  fun ;  the  iaft  always  ex- 
pofed  without  a  covering. 

Phyficians  feldom  dirc£l  their  pa> 
tients  to  diink  more  than  three  quaits 


36  B  A  L  B  A  L 

•f  thcfe  vratera  in  twelve  hours  i  but  [  above  county,  is  the  largeft  in  the  (late 


30 


Ibme  drink  the  enormous  quantity  of 
three  gallons,  and  even  more,  in  a  day. 
Cold  as  they  are,  they  may  be  dnmken 
with  fafety  in  the  hotteft  weather. 
They  increafe  eveiy  natural  evacuation  { 
nay,  they  are  cathartic,  diuretic,  and 
Aidorific,  at  the  fame  time.  On  the 
firft  trial  they  are  apt  to  difagree  with 
many  people,  they  create  uneafinefs  in 
the  ftomach  and  bowels,  and  caufe  a 
heat  in  the  glands  of  the  throat,  until 
they  begin  to  pafs  oiF  freely  by  the  kid- 
neyi.  They  then  become  pleafant  and 
operate  agreeably.  They  blacken  the 
teeth  and  alfo  the  alvine  fxces.  They 
•re  deemed  a  fpeciHc  in  lofs  of  appetite 
ami  indigeftion.  They  are  highly  fer- 
viceablc  in  hypochondriac  cafes,  in  ob- 
firuAions,  and  in  the  ftone  and  gravel, 
and  cutaneous  diforders.  Their  credit 
is  not  fo  well  eftabliOied  in  the  gout  or 
rheumatifm.  They  are  hurtful  in  in*  | 
flammatory  diforders  and  confumptions. 
Their  \tfe  occaiions  heat  in  the  glands 
of  the  throat,  and  ftiffnefs  of  the  neck, 
and  in  fuch  as  are  fubjeA  to  the  tooth- 
ache, an  aggravation  of  the  pain.  They 
are  a  powerful  and  precious  remedy  in 
the  hands  of  the  judicious,  but  ought 
never  to  be  uftd  without  the  advice  of  a 
Ikilfal  phyHcian. 

fiALLSTOWN,  or  fia///0-Tv«,  a  town- 
fhip  in  Lincoln  co.  Diilrifl  of  Maine, 
containing  1072  inhabitants}  195  rnile^ 
N.  £.  from  Bodon. 

Baltimore  C9,  in  Maryland,  lies 
between  Patapfco  and  Gunpowder  ri- 
vers, the  former  dividing  it  from  Ann 
Arundel  co.  on  the  S.  and  S.  W.  Gun- 
powder and  Little  Gunpowder  fepa- 
rating  it  from  Harford  co.  on  the  £. 
and  N.  E.  It  has  Frederick  co.  on  the 
W.  and  N.  W.  Pennfylvania  on  the  N. 
and  Chelapeak  Bay  on  the  S.  E.  Be- 
tides the  rivers  which  bound  it,  and 
their  branches,  this  county  has  Back 
and  Mid'j'e  rivers,  between  tlie  two 
former,  but  they  are  rather  arms  of 
Chelapeak  bey,  than  rivers.  Back  R. 
4  or  s  miles  E.  of  Patapfco,  receives 
two  fmall  dreams ;  the  N.  wefternmoll 
is  called  Herring  Run.  Middle  R.  has 
little  or  no  fupply  of  frefli  water.  There 
are  numerous  iron  works  in  this  coun- 
ty;  and  it  contains  25,434.  inhabitants, 
including  5,877  flaves.  Its  chief  town 
is  Baltimore. 

BALTiMORB,  the  chief  town  in  the  i 


of  Maryland.  In  fize  it  is  the  fourths 
aind  in  commerce  the  fifih  in  rank  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  fituated  on  the 
N.  fide  of  Patapfco  R .  at  a  fmall  diftance 
fr'om  its  junflion  with  the  Chefapeak. 
The  entrance  of  the  harbour'  is  defended 
by  Whetftone  Fort;  hardly  a  piftol 
fhot  acrofs,  and  of  courfe  may  eafily  be 
defended  againft  naval  force.  From  the 
head  of  Elk  R.  at  the  head  of  the  bay 
to  Baltimore,  is  about  60  miles.  The 
town  is  built  around  what  is  called  the 
bafon,  reckoned  one  of  the  fineft  har> 
hours  in  America.  The  water  rifts  5  or 
6  feet  at  common  tides.  It  is  divided 
into  what  is  called  the  town  and  Fell's 
Point,  by  a  creek  ;  over  which  are  twd 
bridges:  but  the  houfes  extend  in  an 
irregular  manner,  from  the  one  to  the 
other.  At  Fell's  Point  the  water  is 
deep  enough  for  fhips  of  burden,  but 
fmall  velfels  only  -^    up  to  the  town. 

The  (ituation  is  low,  and  was  for- 
merly thought  unhealthy,  but,  by  ita 
rapid  increafe,  improvements  hav6' 
taken  place,  which  have  corre£led  the 
dampnefs  of  the  air,  and  it  is  now  judg- 
ed to  be  tolerably  healthy.  In  ijS/* 
it  contained  1955  dwelling  houfes;  of 
which  I  zoo  were  in  the  town,  and  the 
reft  at  Fell's  Pomt.  It  then  contained 
1 5z  ftores.  The  number  of  the  inha- 
bitants of  the  town  and  precin£ls,  in 
1791,  were  13,503,  including  i,s5j 
flaves.  The  number  of  houfes  and  in- 
habitants have  been  greatly  increafeit 
fince. 

Before  the  emigration  of  the  French 
people  from  Cape  Fran9ois,  and  othef 
iflands,  the  houfes  had  increafed  X.9 
a, 300.  Thofe  unfortunate  people,  fly- 
ing from  their  mercilefs  countrymen, 
who  had  burned  and  pillaged  their 
cities  and  towns,  and  murdered  their 
relations  and  friends,  found  here  an 
hofpitable  afylum,  after  fufFerings  hard- 
ly paralleled  in  the  annals  of  hiftory. 

Here  are  9  places  of  public  worfhip« 
which  belong  to  Roman  Catholics,  Ger- 
man Calvinifts  and  Lutherans,  Fpifco- 
palians,  Prefbyterians,  Baptifts,  Meth-> 
odifts,  Quakers,  and  Nic<;iites,  or  New 
Quakers,  who  all  live  together  in  peace* 
It  is  inhabited  by  people  from  mod 
parts  of  Europe.  The  principal  ftreet 
is  Market  Street,  which  runs  nearly  E« 
and  W.  a  mile  in  length,  parallel  with 
the  water.    This  is  crofTed  l^y  a  nunt-; 

bcr 


bcr  of  other  ftreets,  \vhlch  run  from 
the  water ;  a  number  of  which,  particu- 
itrly  Calvert  and  Gay  ftreeta,  are  well 
built.  N.  and  E.  of  the  town  the  land 
rifes,  and  prefen^  a  ncjble  view  of 
the  town  and  bay.  In  1790,  this  city 
owned  i7fliips,  i  fnow,  31  hrigantines, 
34  fchooners,  and  9  (loops— Total  102  ^ 
tonnage  i3>s64..  The  exports  in  the 
fame  year  amounted  to  1,017,770,  and 
the  imports  to  1,949,899  dollars.  The 
exports  in  July,  Auguft,  and  Sept.  in 
1790,  amounted  only  to  343,5X4  dol- 
lars {  but  in  thefe  months  in  i79S>  they 
amounted  to  1,675,748  dollars.  The 
affairs  of  the  town  are  managed  by  a 
board  of  town  commifHoners,  a  board 
of  fpecial  commiinoners,.and  a  board 
of  wardens }  the  firft  boaid  fills  its  own 
vacancies,  and  is  perpetual;  the  two 
laft  are  appointed  t>y  eleflors,  chofen 
every  5th  lear  by  the  citizens.  It  is 
53  miles  S.  W.  from  Elktown,  176  N. 
E.  from  Richmond  in  Virginia ;  50  N. 
E.  from  the  city  of  Waftiington,  and 
103  S.  W.  from  Philadelphia.  N.  lat. 
39.  aj.  W.  long.  77.  48. 

Bangor,  a  townfliip  in  Hancock  co. 
Diftrif^  of  Maine,  on  the  wtftcm  fide 
of  Penohfcot  R.  15  miles  from  its 
mouth  at  Bclfaft  Bayj  65  N.  W.  by 
W.  from  Machias ;  63  N.  £.  from  Hal- 
lowell,  and  i8o  N.  E.  from  Bofton. 

Banks,  Forty  a  harbour  on  the  N. 
W."  coaft  of  America,  S.  eafterly  froni 
Cape  Edgecombe,  and  N.  weflerly  from 
Sea  Otter  Sound. 

Bann,  a  townfhip  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Baracoa,  a  feaport  town  in  the  N. 
£.  part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the 
W.  Indies ;  50  miles  N.  E.  of  St.  Jago 
de  Cuba.    N.  lat.  21.  W.  long.  76. 10. 

Branco  de  Malambo,  a  town  in 
the  province  of  St.  Martha,  in  Terra 
Firma,  &.  America.  It  is  a  place  of 
great  trade,  and  feated  on  the  river 
Magdalen,  75  miles  N.  of  Carthagena, 
and  is  a  bi(hop''s  fee.  It  has  a  good 
harbour.  N.  lat.  1 1. 40.  W.  long. 75. 30. 

BaRaquicimito,  a  town  in  Terra 
FIrma,  S.  America*  in  the  province  of 
Caracas,  and  in  tiie  head  waters  of 
Oroonoco  R.  about  80  miles  S.  from 
Valencia,  and  175  N.  W.  from  Calabe- 
ta.     N.  lat.  8.  55.  W.  long.  66.  55. 

BarbaOOES,  one  of  the  Caribbee 
illands,  Ivlonging  to  Britain,  and  next 
to  Jamaica  fu-  importance  in  the  W. 


BAR  3t 

Indies.  It  is  about  ai  miles  in  length 
from  High  Point,  its  northern  extremi- 
ty, to  South  Point)  and  14  in  breadth* 
from  the  Chair  near  Kitridge  Bay  £• 
to  Valiant  Royalift  Fort,  W.  and  con- 
tains 106,470  acres  if  lani.1,  mofl  of 
which  is  under  cultivation.  It  lies  10 
leagues  E.  from  St.  Vincent,  v/hich  may 
be  feen  in  a  clear  day;  i5  from  St. 
Lucia;  28  S.  E.  fi'oni  Martinico;  6a 
N.  E..  from  Trinidad,  and  100  S.  £. 
from  St.  Chriftoplier''s.  It  is  divided 
into  5  diftriAs,  and  11  parifhes;  and 
contains  4  towns,  viz.  Bridgetown,  the 
capital ;  Oftins,  or  Charleftown ;  St. 
James,  formerly  called  the  Hole ;  and 
Speight's  Town.     The  names  of  the 

Sariflies  are  St.  Lucy's,  St.  Peter's,  St. 
ames's,  St.  Andrew's,  St..  Thomas's* 
St.  Jofeph's,  St.  John's,  St.  George's, 
St.  Michael's,  St.  Philip's,  and  Chrift 
Church. 

Its  libil  muft  be  allowed  to  be  highly 
fertile,  if  it  be  true,  that  it  contamed 
in  1670,  50,000  whites,  and  100,000 
blacks ;  whofe  labours  employed  6o,oo« 
tons  of  fhipping.  This  is  thought  to 
be  exaggerated;  but  it  is  certain  that 
its  population  has  decreafcd  rapidly. 
In  1786  the  numbers  were  i6,i6f 
whites;  838  free  people  of  colour,  and 
61,115  "cgroes.  The  exports,  on  as 
average,  of  1784,  17*5>  and  1786,  had 
fallen  to  9,554  hhds.  of  fugar;  544S 
puncheons  of  rum  ;  6310  bags  of  gin- 
ger; 8331  bags  of  cotton^  exclufive  of 
fraall  articles,  as  aioes,  Iweet  meats,  &c. 
In  the  year  ending  the  5th  of  January, 
1788,  143  vefl'els  cleared  outwards; 
and  tlie  London  market  price  of  tlieir 
cargoes  in  fter.  money,  amounted  to 
^.539,605  14  10;  of  which  the  vaKie 
exported  to  the  United  States,  was 
j^.13,117  13  4.  That  tiie  dreadful  fuc- 
ceflion  of  hun-icanes,  with  which  this, 
and  the  other  W.  India  iflands  have 
been  viHtcd,  for  many  yeai's  pall,  has 
contributed  to  this  great  defalcation, 
caimot  be  doubted.  Bridgetown  s  u. 
fcarcely  rifen  from  t.lie  aflies  to  which 
two  dreadful  fires  had  reduced  it,  when 
it  was  torn  from  its  foundations,  and 
the  whole  countiy  made  a  I'cene  of  dcib- 
lation,  by  the  Aorni  of  the  10th  of 
0£t.  1780,  in  which  \w  lefs  than  4316 
of  the  inhabitants,  blacks  and  whites, 
miferabiy  pcrifhed ;  and  the  damage 
done  to  the  'property  was  computed  at 
^.1,320,564  15.  fl«.r.   Tiic/oio:  of  the 

wind 


s% 


BAR 


wind  w»i  tt  one  phuw  lb  great  as  to 
Itft  fomt  pieces  or  cannon,  with  their 
carriages,  feveral  paces  ftom  the  ram- 
parts.   The  trade  of  this  and  feme 
others  of  the  iAands*  fuifers  confulerably 
by  a  duly  of  4|  per  cent,  on  expoited 
produce  {  out  of  which»  however,  the 
governor's  ralary,^.toeea-year,  is  paid. 
The  crown  acquired  this  revenue  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.  which  the  planters 
agreed  to,  in  order  to  fecnre  poiT-ilions 
to  which  they  had  uncertain  titles. 
-  Barba(h>es  was  probably  difcovered 
firft  bv  the  Portuguefe.    It  is  ufually 
ranked  among  the  Windward  divifion 
of  the  Caribbees,  being  a  day  or  two's 
ihil  from  Surinam.    From  its  being  the 
Arft  difcovered  of  any  of  thefe  iilands, 
it  is  called  Mother  of  the  Sugar  Cohmes.  \ 
The  firft  of  the  Engliih  wlio  are  known 
to  have  landed  here,  were  the  crew  of 
the  Olive  Bbjom,  fitted  out  by  Sir 
Olive  Leigh,  in  1605.    It  was  found 
abfolutely  defolatei  nor  had  it  the  ap- 
pearance of  having  been  peopled  even 
Ity  the  moft  barbarous  Indians.     The 
ifland  is  fortified  by  nature,  all  along 
the  windward  fhore,  by  rocks  and  fhoals, 
ib  as  to  be  almoft  inaccdiible }  on  the 
leeward  fide  it  has  good  harbours ;  but 
the  whole  coaft  is  proteAed  by  a  good 
Kne,  of  feveral  mdcs  in  length,  and 
&veral  forts  to  defiend  it^  at  the  moft 
Material  places.  .The  military,  civil, 
and    religious  effablifhments  are  well 
provided  for.    Here  is  a  college  found. 
«d  by  Col.  Codrington }  the  only  infti. 
tution  of  the  kfa)d  in  the  W.  Indies ; 
but  it  has  not  anfwered  the  intention  of 
the  founder.    The  houfes  of  the  plan- 
ters are  very  thickly  Ibwn  all  along 
the  country,  which,  with  the  luxu- 
riant prodo^ions  of  the  foil,  and  the 
gently  fwelling  hills,  form  a  delightful 
K^ne. 

The  eariiefl  planters  of  Barbridoes 
ssere  fometiroes  reproached  with  the 
guilt  of  forcing  or  decoying  into  flave- 
ry,  the  Indians  of  the  neighbouring  con- 
tinent. The  hiftory  oilftkk  and  Tart- 
rv,  which  the  Speaator  has  recorded 
for  the  deteftation  A  mankind,  took 
its  rife  in  this  ifland  ;  but  happily  this 
fpecies  of  Qavery  w:is  foon  abolifhed. 
The  Barbadoes  tar  is  a  partiailar  pro- 
duAion  ot  this  ifland.  It  rifes  out  of 
the  earth,  and  fwims  on  the  furface  of 
the  water.  |t  is  of  great  ufe  in  the  dry 
Mly-acbe,  ^  in  diieafo  of  the  breiti. 


BAR 

The  capital,  Bridgetown*  Kea  In  K» 
lat.  13. 10.  W.  long.  59. 

Barbara,  St.  an  ifland  on  the  coafl 
of  Brasil.  Alio  the  chief  town  of  New. 
Bifcay,  audience  of  Galicia,  Mew  Spain, 
N.  America. 

Barbe,  St.  a  town  0^  iMexico,  in 
NewBifcay,  in  the  vicinltyof  which  ar^ 
very  rich  filver  mines.  It  lies  500  miles 
N.  W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  N.  lat« 
x6.  10.  W.  long.  1 10.  5. 

Barbuda,  or  Barboutbeit  one  of  th» 
Caribbee  iflands,  35  miles  N.  of  An-^ 
tigua,  and  5}  N.  E.  of  St.  Chriftopher's, 
and  is  so  miles  long  and  i«  oroad. 
The  nativeii  apply  therolelves  chiefly 
to  thfc  bleeding  of  cattle,  and'  furniflw 
in^  the  neighbouring  ifkuuls  with  pro* 
vilions.  It  is  fertile,  abounding  in  the 
natural  produAions  of  the  otlier  W. 
India  iflands }  and  has  a  eood  road  for 
(hipping,  but  no  direft  trade  to  Britain. 
It  belongs  to  the  Codrington  fiimily, 
to  whom  it  produces  above  /.5000  a* 
year.  The  inhabitants  amount  to 
about  1500.  N.  lat.  18.  30.  W.  long. 
61.  50. 

Barbve,  Riviere  a  la,  empties  int* 
Lake  Machigan,  from  E..S.  E.  between 
Raifin  and  Marame  rivers.  Its  nu^th, 
60  yards  wide,  lies  7s  miles  N.  by  W* 
from  Fort  St.  Jofeph. 

Alfo,  the  name  of  a  river  which  emp> 
ties  into  Lake  Erie,  from  the  N.  by  E. 
40  miles  W.  N.  W.  from  the  extremity 
of  Long  Point  in  that  lake,  and  aa  £« 
by  S.  from  Tonty  R. 

Barkadares,  the  name  of  a  part 
of  the  Logwood  Couniiy,  on  the  E. 
fide  of  the  peninfula  of  Yucaien,  thro* 
which  the  river  Balize  runs  into  tlie 
Sea  of  Honduras.  It  has  Hicks  Keys 
on  the  S.  and  South  Lagoon  on  the  Nt 
Lat.  17.  45.  N.  long.  S9.  W. 

BarkhamsteaD,  a  townfhip  in  the 
northern  part  of  Conne£licut,  in  Litch' 
field  CO.  having  Harthnd  on  the  N.  and 
Granby  E.  About  15  miles  W.  of 
Hartford . 

Barnard,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor 
CO.  Veunont,  containing  673  inhabi> 
tttnts.  It  has  Stockbridge  weftcrly,  and 
gives  rife  to  the  nortneni  branch  of 
Waterqucche  R.  and  is  65  mileit  M<  £. 
of  Bennington. 

Barm  A  VELDT,  an  ifland  of  S.  Ame- 
rica, to  the  S.  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  dif- 
covered in  t6i6.  8.  lat.  55.  49.  W. 
l«ng.  66.  58. 

Barnboat 


UHNBOAT 


VAR 

.'BARNBiiAT  liUd,  called .  in- fbme 
maps,  Niw-Inhtt  is  the  pailage  from 
the  Sea  into  Fht.Bay-Sound,  on  the  S. 
eaftem  coaft  of  .New-Jerfey»  68  miles 
N.  E.  from  Cape  May.  N.  lat.  39. 
47|  W.  long.  74.  13.  Bamegat  Beach 
lies  helow  this  Inlet,  between  it  and  Lit- 
tle Egg  Harbour,  i6milesdiflant,  S.W. 

Barnegat,  the  nameof  a  fmall  vil. 
lage  of  8  or  10  houfes,  en  the  eaft  bank 
oi  Hiidfon  river,  5  miles  S.  of  Poiigh- 
Jceepfie,  and  75  N.  of  N.  York.  The 
fole  bufmefs  of  the  few  inhabitants  of 
this  place,  is  burning  lime,  from  the 
vaft  quantities  of  lime  ftone  which  are 
found  here.  Their  lime  is  marketed  in 
N.  York*  whither  they  carry  it  in  great 
quantities  annually. 

Barnet,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia 
CO.  Vermont,  formerly  in  .Oranse  co. 
containing  477  inhabitants,  and  lit 
miles  N.  E.  from  Bennington.  The 
lower  bar  of  the  1  j  mile  falls  in  Con- 
neAicut  R.  is  fituated  at  the  N.  E.  cor- 
ner of  this  townfliip.  Into  that  river 
it  fends  Stephens  R.  which  fifes  in 
Peachu^m,  the  adjoming  town  on  the  W. 

Barnstable  Co,  lies  upon  the  pe- 
ninfula,  the  point  of  which  is  Cape 
Cod,  the  S.  eaftward  point  of  Maflfa- 
chufetts  Bay,  oppofite  Caoe  Ann.  Cape 
Cod  lies  in  N.  lat.  4s.  >.  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich  70.  14.  and  gives  nam*  to 
the  whole  peninfula,  which  is  fun-ound- 
ed  by  water  on  all  fides,  except  the  W. 
where  it  is  bounded  by  Plymouth  co. 
It  is  65  miles  long,  as  the  road  runs, 
from  the  ifthmus  between  Barnftable 
and  Buzzard's  Bays  to  Race  Point; 
and  its  breadth  for  30  miles  not  more 
than  3,  and  above  half  the  remainder 
from  6  to  9  miles.  It  contains  1 1  town- 
fttips  and  the  plantation  of  Marflipee; 
having  2343  houfes,  and  17.354  inhab- 
itants. Barnftable  was  made  a  (hire  in 
1685.     ^ci  Cape  Cod. 

Barnstable,  the  Mtutachtefe^  or 
Mattacbeefet  of  the  ancient  Indians,  is 
a  port  of  entry  and  poft  town,  and  is 
the  ftiire  town  of  Barnftable  CO.  It  ex- 
tends  acrofs  the  peninfula,  and  is  wafli- 
ed  bv  the  feaon  the  N.  and  S.  having 
Sandwich,  and  the  diftrift  called  Marfli- 
pee  or  Maflipee  on  the  W.  is  about  5 
miles  broad,  and  9  longj  67  miles  S. 
eatterly  from  Bofton.  Sandy  Neck,  on 
the  N.  fhore,  runs  E.  almoft  the  length 
<ii  the  town,  and  forms  the  harbour,  em- 
bofoming  a  large  body  of  fait  niarfli. 


BAR  ^5 

The  harbofiir  is  about  a  mile  wide,  aad 
4  long;  in  which  the  tide  rifes  from  t 
to  14  teet.  It  hat  a  bar  nmning  off 
N.  E.  from  the  Neck  fevcral  milet« 
which  prevents  the  entrance  of  largt 
fliips;  but  finall  vefleU  may  pafs  anv 
part  of  it  at'high  water;  and  whereat 
IS  commonly  eroded,  it  feldom  has  left 
than  6  or  7  feet  at  low  water. 

There  is  another  harbour  on  the  S. 
called  Ijttuis's  Bay.  Its  entrance  is 
within  Barnllable,  and- it  extendi  almoft 
a  miles  into  Yarmouth.  It  is  commo- 
dious  and  fafe,  and  is  completely  laifd 
locked ;  and  has  5  teet  water  at  a  mid- 
dling tide. 

A  mile  or  two  to  the  weftward,  and 
near  the  entrance  of  Lewis's  Bay,  lies 
Hyams  Road.  It  is  formed  principally 
by  an  iiland,  joined  by  a  beach  to  Var- 
moui-li,  which  together,  make  the  out- 
fide  of  the  bay  bnore  mentioned.  The 
S.  head  of  this  iftand  is  called  Point 
Gammon.  Oyfter  Bay,  near  the  S.  W. 
limit  of  the  town,  admits  fmall  veifels } 
and  which,  with  Lewis's  Bay,  has  in 
years  paft  produced  excellent  oyfters,  in 
great  quantities  ;  though  they  are  now 
much  reduced. 

There  are  about  ao  or  30  ponas  in 
Barnftable.  The  land  here  produce* 
about  15  hufhels  of  Indian  com  to  an 
acre,  and  rye  and  other  grain  in  pro- 
portion. Wheat  and  ftax  are  cultivat- 
ed ;  the  latter  with  fuccefs.  From  ix 
to  1 8,000  buftiels  of  dnions  are  raifcd 
for  the  fupply  of  the  neighbouring  towns . 
Upwards  of  100  men  are  employed  in 
the  fifhery,  which  is  yearly  increafing. 
Whales  feldom  come  into  MalTachu- 
fctts  Bay  now,  and  that  fifltery  is  dif-- 
continued.  No  quarrels  with  the  an- 
cient natives  of  the  country  are  record- 
ed in  the  accounts  of  thi^  town,  where 
the  Englifh  fettlers  of  New-England 
firft  landed,  Nov.  11,  i6zo.  The  peo- 
ple, 2610  in  number,  are  generally 
healthy ;  and  many  inftances  of  longe- 
vity are  to  be  met  with.  Numbers  of 
the  farmers  are  occafionally  fttamen; 
and  this  town  has  afforded,  and  conti- 
nues to  funiifh  many  mafters  of  vefi'els 
and  mariners  who  fail  from  other  ports. 
N.  lat.  41.  43. 

Barnstead-,  atownihipin  Strafford 
CO.  New-Hampfhire,  oontaiuhig  i,Q',' 
inhabitants ;  31  miles  N.  W.  ol  Porti- 
mouth,  and  16  E.  by  S.  from  Canter- 
bury,  on  Conne^icut  R. 

C  Barr&'» 


Barre',  a  townfhtp  in  Worcefteir  co. 
MaflTachufetts,  containing  i6i)  inhabit- 
ant* J  a4  mile*  N.  W.  of  Worcelter,- 
and  66  W.  of  Bofton,  deriving  its  name 
from  Col.  Barr^,  a  Briti(hrenator,wtio, 
on  the  eve  of  the  late  war,  plead  the 
caufe  of  America,  in  the  Britifli  houfe 
of  Commons,  with  great,  bntunfuccefs- 
fiil  energy.  •  This  town  has  good  paf- 
tures,  and  here  are  fatted  multitudes  of 
cattle ;  and  it  is  fuppofed,  more  butter 
and  cheefe  is  carried  from  hence  to  the 
market,  annually,  than  any  other  tovm 
of  the  fame  fize  in  the  flate. 

Barke',  a  townfliip  in  Huntingdon 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Barrell's  Soundy  on  the  N.  W. 
Coaft  of  America,  called  by  the  natives 
Conget-bof-ioi,  is  fituated  about  6  leagues 
from  the  fouthem  extremity  of  Wafh- 
ington,  or  Charlotte  Iflands,  in  aN.  W. 
dire^lion,  about  N.  lat.  5a.  W.  long. 
131.  from  Greenwich.  It  has  two  in- 
lets J  t  ne  on  the  E.  the  other  on  the  W. 
fide  of  the  iHand  j  the  latter  is  the  beft, 
the  other  is  dangerous.  The  fliores  are 
tf  a  craggy  black  rock ;  the  banks  lined 
with  trees  of  various  kinds,  as  pines, 
fpruce,  hemlock,  alder,  &c.  Mr.  Hof- 
kins,  in  the  fummer  of  i7(;i,  mealiired 
one  of  thefe  trees,  which  was  ten  fath- 
oms in  circumference.  On  one  lide  of  it 
a  hole  had  been  cut,  Inrge  enough  to  ad- 
roit a  man ;  within  was  a  fnacious  and 
convenient  room,  which  .had  apparent- 
ly been  dug  and  burnt  out  with  much 
labour.  Mr  Hoflcins  concluded  that  it 
roiift  have  been  occr^lttnally  inhabited  by 
the  natives  j  as  he  found  in  it  a  box, 
fireworks,  dried  wood,  and  feveral  do- 
roeftic  uteniils.  Thiit  found  was  named 
after  Jofeiili  Barrel],  Klq.  of  Char- 
leftown.  (Majf.)  and  was  firft  vifited 
by  Capt.  Gray,  in  the  Waftiington,  in 
3789. 

Barren  Creek,  rifes  in  the  N.  W. 
corner  of  Dela-.vare  (tate,  runs  about  9 
hiiles  S.  wtftcily.  .  nJ  empties  into 
Nanticoke  R.  At  lanirnlar  traft  ot 
land  iji  the  N.  part  of  Sonicifer  co,  Ma- 
ryland, is  cnclo.td  hctwten  this  citek 
on  thf  S.  Deawiue  (tate  E  and  Nanii- 
Cukc  R.  on  thcW.  unil  N.  W. 

BARRtN  R.  Both  Big  and  Little 
Barren  rivers,  are  >.  i-^.  branches  of 
G  ecnR.  in  K<.ntucky.  Blue  Sj^rhtg 
lit  iS  between  tiicfr  1  ivtrs,  which  iee. 

Barren  /.  a  imall  ifle  in  Chtfapcak 
Bay,  N,  E.  from  the  mouth  of  Patux- 


B  All 

tnt  K.  which  U  feparited  from  Hoqtet*^ 
I.  by  a  narrow  channel  on  the  E. 

Barretstowm*  a  plantation  in  Han- 
cock CO.  Diftrift  of  Mainci  having  173 
inhabitants. 

BARRiN0T0M*at9wn<hipiinQu|nn*« 
CO.  Nora-Scotia,  on  the  8.  fide  of  the 
bay  of  Fundv)  fettled  by  Quakcra  from 
Nantucket  ifland. 

Barrinoton,  atownfliiptn  Straf. 
ford  CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  about  aa  mile| 
N.  W.  from  Portfmouth,  incorporated 
in  i7aa,  containing  a470  inhabitant!. 
AUum  is  found  here ;  and  the  firft  ridgf 
of  the  Frcji  HiVst  one  of  the  three  itm- 
rior  fummits  of  Agamenticus,  is  conti- 
nued through  this  town.  Its  fituation 
is  very  healthy  j  e.g.  14  of  the  firft  fet- 
tiers  in  i73a>  were  alive  in  17X5,  who 
were  between  80  and  90  years  okJ. 

Barrington,  a  townihip  in  Briftol 
CO.  Rhode- Ifland,  on  the  8.  weftem  fide 
of  the  N.  W.  branch  of  Warren  R. 
little  more  than  ai  miles  N.  W.  of  War. 
ren,  and  about  7  S.  E.  from  Fox  Pointy 
in  the  town  of  Providence.  It  contain!' 
6S3  inhabitants,  including  i»  flaves. 

BARRiNQTOt)»  Great,  is  the  fe- 
cond  townfhip  in  rank  in  Berkfliire  co. 
MafTachufetts.  It  contains  1^7^  inha- 
bitants, and  lies  140  miles  W.  fron^ 
Bofton,  and  fouth  of  Stockbridge,  ad- 
joining. 

Barrow  Harbour,  is  an  extenfive 
bay  in  that  of  Bonavifta,  Newfound- 
land ifland,  divided  by  Keel's  Head  on' 
the  £.  from  the  port  of  Bonavifta,  and 
from  Bloody  Bay  on  the  W.  by  a  large 
peninl'ula,  joined  to  the  ifland  by  a  nar- 
row ifthmus,  which  forms  Newman's 
Sound ;  which,  as  well  as  Clode  Sound) 
ure  within  Barrow  Harbour. 

Bart,  a  port  on  the  fouthem  coaft 
of  Nova-Seotia. 

Bart,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Bartholomew,  St.  a  parifli  in 
Charlefion  diftri61,  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 2,138  white  pcifons.  By  the 
ccniiisof  i7';o,  it  contained  iz,6o6  in- 
'lahitants,  of  whom  10,338  were  flaves. 
It  lends  3  reprel'entaiives  and  i  lenator 
to  the  ftate  legiflature.  Amount  of 
taxes  >f  1.566  ics.  4d.  fterling. 

B/xRTHf^LOMEW,  CaPE,  bT.  is  the 
li.uthernmott  po\nt  of  Staten  Land,  in 
Le  Maire  iiraits,  at  the  S.  end  of  S. 
America;  and  far  fui-pafles  Terra  del 
Fuego  in  its  horrible  apj>earance. 

BaRTH0LOMEW| 


ancaftei*  co. 


B  A  r 

BartkoLOmiw,  St.  mk  of  the 
duller  of  IHamls,  called  New  Hthridts, 
which  fiee. 

Bartholomew,  St.  one  of  the 
Caribbee  ifliwidk,  in  the  W.  Indies,  15 
milet  N.  at  St.  Chriftopher's,  and  30  N. 
;E  .  of  Saba.  It  is  reckoned  5  leagttes  in 
circumference,  but  has  little  grovnd  fit 
for  manuring.  It  produces  tobacco, 
calTava,  and  abounds  with  woods.  The 
trees  moft  in  cfteem  are,  i.  The  foap 
tree,  or  aloes  tree.  «.  The  caleback. 
3.  The  canapia,  whoft  gum  is  an  ex- 
cellent cathartic.  4.  The  parotane, 
whofe  boughs  grow  downw^,  take 
root  again,  and  form  a  kind  ot  bulwark 
and  ftrong  defence  in  time  of  attack. 
All  along  the  fliore  are  thole  trees  called 
Sea  Trees,  whofe  boughs  are  curioufly 
plaited  together,  and  look  as  if  they 
were  glazed.  Here  is  an  inAnite  variety 
of  biras,.  and  a  peculiar  kind  of  lime 
ftone,  which  the  inhabitants  export  to 
the  adjacent  iflands.  They  have  like- 
wife  plenty  of  lignum  vitse  and  iron 
wood.  Its  fliores  are  dangerous,  and 
the  apprcxhing  them  requires  a  good 
pilot ;  but  it  has  an  excellent  harbour, 
in  which  fliips  of  any  fize  ai'e  (heltered 
from  all  winds.  Half  its  inhabitants 
are  Irilh  Roman  Catholics,  who'e  pre- 
deccflbrs  fettled  here  in  1666 ;  the  others 
are  Freiich,  to  whom  the  idand  lately 
belonged.  It  was  ceded  by  France  to 
the  crown  of  Sweden  in  1785.  They 
depend  on  the  fkies  for  water,  which 
they  keep  in  cifteras.  It  was  a  neft  for 
privateers  when  in  the  hands  of  the 
French  ;  and  at  one  time  had  50  Britilh 
prizes  in  its  harbour,  ^.lat.  17. 56.  W. 
iong.  63.  10. 

BAKThtTf  a  plantation  in  Hillflx)- 
rough  CO.  New-Hamplhire,  having  448 
inhabitants. 

Barton,  a  townlhip  in  Orleans  co. 
Vermont,  formerly  in  that  of  Orange, 
lies  S.  W.  of  Brownington }  6  miles  S. 
W.  by  W.  from    Willoughby  Lake,  i 
and  140  N.  eafterly  from  Bennington^ 

Basin  of  Minas,  is  a  body  of  water 
of  confiderable  extent,  and  irregular 
form,  fituated  in  Nova-Scotia,  at  the  E. 
end  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy ;  and  conneit- 
cd  with  its  N.  E.  branch  by  a  iliort  and 
narrow  ftrait .  The  country  on  its  bank  s . 
is  generally  a  rich  fc;l,  and  is  watered ' 
by  nany  fmall  rivers.  The  fpring  tides 
rile  here  40  feet. 

BaskiniudoE}  inSonvrfetcot  New- 


B  A  T  fit 

Jerf«y,  liea  on  the  W.  fide  Af  a  N,  W. 
branch  ufPaflaic  R.  nearly  6  mile*  N. 
E.  from  PluckenuB,  and  7  S.  S.  W.: 

from  Morriftown.  It  «*m  here  thRt 
Col .  Harcourt  furpnfed  anci  made  a  pn-^ 
foner  of  Gen.  Lee,  Dee.  13,  1776.      /r 

Bkioh  lUtbrntt  liMOBthe  E.fi4«oir 
Lake  Champlain,  in  the  t^ywpftiipaf 
Ferri(burgh,  Vermont,  44 1*^'**  ^*  ^f**^ 
terly  fram  the  month  of  Otter  Cvcck<  • 

Basss  Terri,  the  chief  town  m 
the  ifland  of  St.  Chriiiopher>,  in  tJbt 
W.  Indies,  fituated  at  the  S.  E.  ei|def 
the  I.  It  confifts  of  a  long^^reet  aloay 
the  fea  fliore ;  isR  place  of  confiderablV 
trade,  the  feat  of  govenunent,  and  it  da^ 
fended  by  3  batteries.  N.  lat,  17.  94* 
W.  long.  6a.  36,  56.  .  f- 

This  is  alfo  the  name  of  a  part  <if  tht 
I.  of  Guadaloupe,  in  the  W.:  Indini 
between  a  point  of  which  called  Gnsft 
Morpe,  to  tW  of  Antigua  in  the  GnHide 
Terre,  the  bafon  callpd  the  Great  CM 
de  Sac,  is  5  or  (  kagues  in  length  | 
wherein  is  OUe  riding  for  fltipa  of  |ii)l 
rates.  .fi 

Bass  Harbour,  DiftriAof  Maine,  Ji 
harbour  of  Mt.  Defert  Ifland,  7  miles 
from  Soil  Cove.  '    °- 

Bastimentos,  fmall  iflwds,  near 
the  Illhmus  of  Darien,  and  iomewltat 
W.  of  the  Samballoes  i^ands,i  at  dM 
mouth  of  the  bay  of  Nombre  de  IHoik 
very  near  the  fliore.  Here  admiral 
Holier  lay  with  a  Britifli  fquadropmany 
years  ago,  when  having  loft  many  of  bia 
men,  and  his  fliips  beinff  almoft  rot^ 
ten  in  an  ina£live  ftate,  he  died  of  a 
broken  heait.    Lat.  9.  }o.  W.  long. 

79*  45. 

Batabano,  a  town  on  the  S.  fide 
of  the  iflaiid  of  Cyba,  in  the  W.  Indies  { 
fituated  on  tiie  fide  of  a  large  bay,  opi- 
pofite  Pinos  Ifles,  and  about  50 ,  miles 
S.  W.  from  the  Havaimah. 

BataVia,  a  fettlement  in  N.  VoH:« 
at  the  head  of  Schoharie  jCreek,  about 
39  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  %%  S*W« 
from  Albany,  and  as  fai'  N.  W.  of 
Efopus. 

Bath,  a  townfliip  of  Lincoln  co*  ^  5^ 
Diftri£t  of  Maine,  containing  949  in- 
habitants. It  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of 
Kennebeck  R.  about  13  miles  from 
Wifcailet,  60  N.  E.  from  Portland,  )» 
from  Hallovrell,  1 3  from  Pownalboro*, 
and  165  N.  £.  from  Bofton.    ]^  lat» 

43.49* 
Bath,  a  county  of  Virgiiua>  about 
C  a  4o  milfis 


0 


BAT 


60  miln  in  length,  and  $0  In  breadth  { 
bounded  E.  bv  the  county  of  Augufta. 
It  it  noted  tor  it»  medicinal  fpringt, 
called  the  Hft  and  H^arm  fpringt,  near 
the  foot  ( f  Jackfon'a  Mountain,  which 

Bath,  •  thriving  town  in  Berkley  co. 
Virginia,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  the 
Warm  Spring  Mountain.  The  fptings 
in  the  neighlxnirhood  of  thic  town,  al- 
though leis  efficacious  than  the  Wai-m 
Springs  in  Bath  co.  draw  tipwards  of 
Soeo  people  here,  during  fummer,  from 
Wiout  pa^ta  of  the  United  States. 
The  water  is  little  more  than  milk- 
warm,  and  weakly  impregnated  with 
minerals.  The  country  in  the  environ& 
is  agreeably  diverfified  with  hills  and 
vallevs )  the  foil  rich,  and  in  good  cul- 
tivation; S5  miles  from  Maitinfl>urg, 
•nd  S69  miles  81  W.  from  Philadelphia. 

Bath,  a  townlhip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfhire,  containmg49)  inhabitants. 
It  lies  on  the  E.  bank  of  Connecticut  R. 
SS  miles  N.  E.  by  N.  fiom  Dartmouth 
College,  and  yy  N.  W.  from  Portf- 
moutii. 

Bath,  or  Port  Batht  an  ancient  town 
in  Hyde  co.  N.  Carolina,  on  the  N.fide 
of  Tar  R.  about  24  miles  from  Pamp. 
lico  Sound,  it  8.  by  W.  of  Edenton, 
•nd  in  the  poit  of  entry  on  Tar  R.  It 
contains  about  is  houles,  and  is  rather 
declining.  N.  lat.  35.3i.W.long.77.i5. 

Bath,  a  village  in  the  eaftem  parifh 
of  St.  Thomas,  in  the  I.  of  Jamaica,  in 
the  W.Indies.  It  has  its  rife  and  name 
from  a  famous  hot  fprlng  in  its  vicinity, 
i'i'vi  to  be  highly  efficacious  in  curing 
the  dry-belly  ache.  The  water  is  ful- 
phureous,  and  flows  out  of  a  rocky 
mountaiir  about  a  mil&dlftant ;  and  is 
too  hot  to  admit  a  hand  being  held  in  it. 

Bath,  a  village  in  theeo.  of  Renfla- 
laer,  New- York,  pleafantly  fituated  on 
the  eaft  bank  of  Hudfon  river,  neaily 
oppolite  the  city  of  Albany,  at  ttie  head 
of  floop  navigation.  A  mineral  I'pi'ing 
has  been  difcovered  here,  faid  to  poflcis 
valuable  qualities ;  and  a  commodious 
tiathing-hovfe  has  been  ere^cd,  at  a 
confiti^ahle  expence,  containing  hot, 
cold,  and  fhower  baths. 

Bath,  a  thriving  poft-town  in  New- 
Vork,  Sfeuben  co.  of  about  50  hotifes, 
fituaied  on  the  N.  bank  of  ConhoAon 
Creek,  a  northern  heiuiwater  of  Tioga 
K'i  4*  miles  S.E.fromWiiliamA>urg, 
^CheneflbcR.i   iS  N.  W.  from  the 


BAY 

Painted  Poft }  i  so  from  Niagari  |  59 
wefterly  from  Geneva,  and  isi  W.  of 
Hudfon  city.  N.  lat.  <\t.  1 5.  W.  lung. 
77'  «o. 

Batten  Kill,  a  fmall  river  which 
rifes  in  Vermont,  and  after  running  N. 
and  N.  Wefterly  about  30  miles,  falls 
into  Hudfon,  near  Saratoga. 

Battle  R.  in  New  South  Wales, 
runs  N.  E.  into  Sa(kahawen  R.  S.  E. 
from  Manchefter  Houfe.  Its  courfe  is 
<hort. 

BaulbmV  Kilt,  a  wcftem  water  of 
Hudfon  R.  8|  miles  below  Albany. 

Baxos  de  Baduca.   See  Ahrojos. 

Bay  OP  Fresh  Water,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  lies  S.  of 
Afccnfion  Bay.  N.  lat. 30.  V^.  long.  94. 

Bayamo,  a  town  in  theeaitem  part 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  having  the  town 
of  Atmo  W.  and  St.  Barbara  on  the  S. 
It  lies  '<n  the  E.  fide  of  Effero  R.  about 
ao  miles  from  the  Tea. 

Bayamo,  Channel dely  in  the  ifland 
of  Cuba,  runs  between  the  numerous 
fmati  iflands  »nd  rocks  called  Jardin  de 
la  F.eyna,  on  the  N.  W.  and  the  flioals 
and  rocks  which  line  the  coaft  on  the 
S.  E.  fide  of  it,  from  the  bold  point 
called  Cabo  de  Cruz.  This  channel 
leads  to  the  hay  of  Eftero,  which  re- 
ceives two  rivers  ;  the  fouthemmoit  of 
which  leads  to  the  town  of  Bayamo. 

Bay  OP  FuMDY,  wafhes  thie  Oiores 
of  the  Britifl)  Provinces  of  New-Brunf- 
wick  on  the  N.  and  Nova>Scotia  on  the 
E.  and  S.  This  bay  is  la  leagues 
acrofs,  from  the  Gut  of  Annapolis  to 
St.  John's,  the  principal  town  of  New. 
Brunrwick.  The  tides  are  very  rapid 
in  this  bay,  arvd  rii'e  at  Annapolis  Bafin 
about  30  feet ;  at  the  Bafin  of  Minas, 
which  may  be  termed  the  N.  arm  of  this 
bay,  40  feet ;  and  at  the  head  of  Chig- 
ne£lo  Channel,  an  arm  of  this  bay,  the 
fpring  tides  riie  60  feet. 

Bay  de  Roche  Feni)e,  lies  on  the 
W.  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  in  th« 
ftate  of  New- York,  17  miles  above 
Crown  Point. 

Bay  op  Islands,  ties  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Newfoumlland  I.  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  This  bay  is  very  exten- 
five,  having  3  antis,  by  which  feveral 
rivers  empty  into  it.  It  has  feveral 
iflands  j  the  chief  of  which  are  called 
Harbour,  Pearl,  and  Tweed.  The  cen. 
tre  of  the  Bay  lies  in  about  49.  5.  N.  lat. 
and  sS<  is>  W.  long,  ftona  Greenwich. 

Say 


B  E  A 

Bay  or  St.  Lovit,  on  the  Labra- 
dor coaft,  hai  Cape  St.  Louis  on  the  N. 
and  Cape  ChBrIca  on  the  8.  It  has 
many  I'mall  iflands  }  the  largeft  of  which 
is  Battle  L  in  the  mouth  of  the  bay. 
The  middle  of  the  bay  lies  in  N.  lat. 
5t.  aj.  W.  long.  55.  tj. 

Baynbt,  a  town  and  bay  on  the  S. 
fide  cf  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  4{ 
leagues  from  Petit  Goave,  on  theN.  fide 
of  the  ifland.  It  is  about  8  leagues  W. 
of  Jackmel<    N.  lat.  18.  17. 

Beach  Fork^  a  branch  of  Salt  R. 
which  rifes  in  Nellbn  co<  Kentucky. 
A  fine  clay  is  found  on  this  river,  which 
might,  it  is  thought,  be  manufaAured 
into  good  porcelam. 

Bealsbvro,  a  fmall  town  in  Nel- 
fon  CO.  Kentucky,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Rolling  Fork,  which  contains  so  houfes, 
as  alio  a  tobacco  warchoufe.  It  is  1 5 
miles  W.  S.  W.  of  Bairdftuwn,  50  S. 
W.  of  Frankfort,  and  890  from  Phila- 
delphia. N.  lat.  37.41.  W.  long,  85.  50. 

Beardstown.     See  BairJflo-wH, 

Bear  Covtt  lies  on  the  £.  fide  of 
the  S.  eaftent  corner  of  Newfoundland 
I.  at  the  head  of  which  is  the  fettle- 
ment  of  Fornufe,  which  fee,  KeneHi'^s 
rocks  lie  between  Bear  Cove  and  Frefh 
Water  Bay  on  the  S.  i%  miles  northerly 
from  Cape  Race. 

Beak  Grafs  Crteic,  a  fmall  Creek  on 
the  enftern  lide  of  Ohio  R.  a  few  hun- 
dred yards  N.  of  the  town  of  Louifville, 
in  Kentucky.  This  is  the  fpot  wher^ 
the  intended  canal  is  propofed  to  be  cut 
to  the  upper  fide  of  the  Raptds.  From 
the  mouth  of  the  creek,  to  the  upper 
fide  of  the  rapids,  is  not  quite  a  miles. 
This  would  render  the  navigation  ,fthe 
Ohio  fafe  and  eafy.  The  country  on 
the  fides  of  this  creek,  bi^tween  Salt  R. 
nnd  Kentucky  R.  is  beautiiul  and  rich. 
See  Rapids  oftke  Ohio. 

Bear  Lake,  Great,  in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  N.  America,  lies  near  the  Arftic 
Circle,  and  fends  a  river  a  W.  S.  W. 
courfe. 

Bear  Lake,  Black,  in  New  South 
Wales,  lies  in  N.  lat.  53I.  W.  long. 
107I.  It  lies  N.  W.  from  Cumberland 
Houfe. 

Bear  Lake,  White,  lies  due  W. 
from  another  fmall  lake  called  Bear 
Lake,  both  in  N.  lat.  48.  15.  and  the 
W.  long,  of  the  former  is  984.  Thele 
are  faid  to  give  rife  to  MifltfippI  R. 
.    BSAK  TinvM,  in  Catoliacco.  Mary* 


BB  A  H 

lamti  lies  about  7  miks  N.  from  Orecnf- 
burg,  and  about  1 5  S.  B.  from  Cbcftor- 
town. 

BiAR  Cruk,  •  water  of  Tcnneflcc 
river.    See  Occocbappo, 

BsAuroRT,  a  feaport  town  in  Car- 
teret CO.  on  the  N.  E.  fide  of  Cora  Sounds 
and  diftrift  of  Newborn,  N.  Carolimt. 
It  contains  about  10  houfes,  a  court- 
houfe  and  gaol,  and  the  county  courta 
are  held  here.  It  ia  55  miles  S.  by  B* 
of  Newbiern,  and  about  17  ii'om  Cap* 
Lookout.  N.  lat   34.  tyj. 

Beaufort,  the  chief  town  of  Beau- 
fort  diftri6t,  S.  Carolina,  is  fituatcd  on 
the  ifland  of  Port  Royal,  at'the  mouth  of 
Cooi'awbatchic  R.  The  courts  which 
were  formerly  held  here,  are  now  remotr- 
ed  to  the  town  of  Coofawhatchie,on  tlw 
above  fmall  river.  Beaufort  is  a  littlt 
pleafant  town,  of  about  60  hpules,  and  , 
200  inhabitant!  j  who  are  diftinguiflaed 
for  their  hofpitality  and  politcnefs.  It 
has  a  fine  harbour,  and  bids  fair  to  bt- 
come  a  confiderablc  town.  It  ufed  to  bfl 
a  ftation  ^br  the  Britifli  fquadron  when  ift 
their  pofleflTion  Beaufort  is  fituatcd  x( 
miles  from  Purilburg,  and  73  from 
Charlefton,  to  the  S.  W.  noted  f^r  itt 
healthy  fituatioo.  N.  lat.  %t.  a6.  Vf, 
lone.  80.  55. 

Beaufort  DiJIriQ^  In  the  lower 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  lies  on  the  fe* 
csaft,  between  Combahee  and  Savan- 
nah rivers.  It  Is  69  miles  in  lengthy 
and  37  in  breadth,  and  is  divided  vMa 
4  pariflies,  viz.  St.  Helena,  St.  Luke, 
Prince  William,  and  St.  Peter,  which 
contain  18,753  Inhabitants}  of  whom 
only  4.34.6  arc  whites.  The  northern 
part  of  this  diftricl  abounds  with  large 
forefts  of  cyprefs}  the  lands,  however^ 
are  fit  for  raifing  rice,  indigo,  &c.  It 
fends  s  t  reprcfentatives  and  4  fenator  i 
to  the  ftate  legiflature ;  ef  :h  parKh  fend- 
ing an  equal  number.  A»  iiount  of  tkxea 
^3,oi2  2S.  iid.fter. 

Braver  Creek,  runs  Into  Lake  Erie, 
at  its  £.  end ;  about  7  miles  S.  £.  from, 
Fort  Erie, 

Beaver  Creek,  Bio,  falls  into  thie 
Allegany  river,  after  having  received 
feveral  branches  ftom  the  N.  E.  about 
a  8  miles  N.  NV.  from  Pittfburg.— It 
rile»  in  th<^  S.  runs  N.  about  6  m  lc«, 
thence  T  £.  is  mpre  to  the  Salt.  Lick 
Town  i  then,  pall  the  Mahoning  Towxv 
and  Salt  Sprmga,  34  miles  S.  eaftcrly  to 
the  Kilhkulh  Town,  from  which  to  iu 

C  %  mouth 


%« 


irm 


i 


mouth  it  %t  mllci  foutherlyt   In  ftll 
febout74.niil«t. 

BiAVBR  DoM,  a  townlhip  in  Penn- 
Vyivaniai  on  the  W.  fule  of  Sufqiichan- 
iwh  R>    See  NtrtbmmbtrUmdeo. 

BsAtBll/rtiV,  isuS.E.  arm  ot  the 
Fopachtun  Branch  of  the  Delaware. 
Ita  mouth  it  1 7I  miles  Cfrum  the  Cook 
floaflt,  and  Ht  N.  W.  from  Kufliich- 
ttin  FalU. 

Bbavbr  lal#,  hi  New  South  Wales, 
Itet  inalMnit  5s.  45.  N.  lat.aml  101.30. 
W.  long.  Aliftlc  N.  E.  from  it  is  the 
fource  of  Churchill  R.  S.  E.  from  it  is 
Cumberland  Hovfe,  on  Graft  R.  which 
ha*  tommur.ication  hv  lakes  with  NeU 
Ion  R.  S.  W.  of  it  II  Saflcalhawen  R. 
on  which,  towardt  tta  head,  are  a  num- 
her  of  houfe«  belonging  to  the  Hudfon's 
■Bay  Company. 

*  B 8 A t E  R s  Tvwn,  at  Tujkaranuas ,  lies 
between  Margaret's  Creek,  an  upper 
'N,  W.  branch  of  Muflctngvni  R.  and 
the  N.  branch  of  that  river  j  at.  the 
'head  of  which  N.  hi-anch  there  is  only 
1l  mile''s  portage  to  Cayahu^a  R^  Bea- 
vers Town  lies  about  85  miles  N.  W. 
■from  Pittsburg.  A  little  below  this  a 
-fbrtwaa  ereAed  in  1764. 

Bhck  BT,  a  townlhip  in  Berkfhire  co. 

Maflachufetts,  containing  751  inhabit- 

'«nts.     It  is  10  miles  E.  of  Stockbridge, 

17  from  Lenox,  and  130  W.  from  Bof- 


<  BBDE  Poraf,  isthceaftern  capeat  the 
mouth  of  Cook's  R.  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.America. 

Bedford,  a  townlhip  in  HilKbo- 
rough  CO.  New-Hainplhire,  which  was 
incorporated  in  1750,  and  contains  898 
inhabitants.  It  lies  on  the  W.  bank  of 
Merrimack  R.  56  miles  W.  of  Portf- 

-mouth. 

Bedford,  a  tovv-nlhip  in  Middlefex 

'CO.  Maflachufett*,  cofttaining  5x3  m- 

'habitants ;  1 3  miles  northerly  from  Bof- 
ton. 

Bedford,  New,  is  a  flourifhing  town 
in  Briftolco.  in  the  fame  Hate,  containing 
3313  inhabitants  i  58  miles  fouthward 
of  fiofton.     It  lies  at  the  head  of  navi- 

jKationon  Accufhnet  R.     I.at.  40.  41. 

^.  long.  70.  5a.  W.  from  Greenwich. 

•  Bedford,  a  townfliip  in  W.Chefter 
CO.  New- York,  containing  2470  inhab- 
itants, including  38  flaves.  It  lies  con- 
tiguous to  Connecticut,    la  miles  N. 

'from  Long>.Iiland  Sound,  and  35  front 

*lhecitf  rfNcifr-Ydrk.    In  the  ftat4 


eenfui  of  1796,  there  Bppeart  to  be  30s 
eleAort. 

Bedford,  a  town  on  the  W.  end  of 
Long  I .  New- Y  ork ,  4  miles  N .  W .  Irotn 
Jamaica  Bay,  and  6  E.  from  the  tity  of 
New- York. 

Bedford,  a  village  near  the  Georgia 
fide  of  Savannah  river  4  miles  above 
Augufta; 

Bedford  Co.  in  Pennfylvanin,  lies 
on  Juniatta  R. )  has  part  of  the  (late  of 
Maryland  on  the  S.  and  Huntingdon  co. 
N.  and  N.  E.  It  contains  i3,ia4  in- 
habitants,  including  46  (laves )  and  has 
\  of  its  lands  fettlai,  and  is  divided  into 
9  townfhips. 

Its  chief  town«  Bedford,  lies  on  the 
S.  fide  of  Rayftown  branch  of  the  fame 
river)  aj miles  eaftward  of  Berlin,  and 
1 1  o  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  rrgular- 
ly  laid  out ;  and  the  inhabitants  who 
live  in  41  loghoufes  and9of  ftone,  have 
water  conveyed  in  wooden  pipes  to  a  re- 
fervoir  in  the  middle  of  the  town.  They 
have  a  ftone  gaol }  the  market-hoiife, 
court- houfe,  and  record  office,  are  built 
ofbrick.  Bedford  was  incorporated  in 
1795,  ^^  ^'^t^ii'  charter  is  fimilar  to 
that  of  Chefter.  N.  lat.  40.  W.  long. 
78.  50. 

Bedford  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  fepara- 
ted  from  that  of  Amheift  on  the  N.  by 
James  R. }  has  Campbell  £.  Botetourt 
W.  and  Franklin  co.  on  the  S.  It  is 
34  miles  long,  15  broad,  and  contains 
10,531  inhabitants,  including  «>754- 
flaves.  ItJias  a  good  foil  and  is  agrees 
ably  divernfied  with  hills  and  vaTlies. 
In  fome  parts  chalk  and  gypfum  have 
been  difcovered.  Its  chict  town  is  New 
London. 

Bedminstbr,  in  Somerfetco.  New- 
Jerlcy,  is  a  townfliip  containing  11 97 
inhabitants,  including  169  flaves. 

Beef  IJland,  one  of  the  fmaller  Vir- 
gin iflands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  fituated 
between  Dog  I.  on  the  W.  and  Tortu- 
la  on  the  E.  It  is  about  5  miles  long 
and  I  broad,  in  Sir  Francis  Drake's 
Bay.     N.  lat.  18.  23.  W.  long.  63.  a. 

Beekman,  a  confiderable  tt^nfhip 
in  Duchefs  co.  New- York,  containing 
3597  inhabitants,  including  106  flaves. 
In  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  there  ap- 
pears to  be  50s  electors  in  this  town- 
fliip. 

fiEHRiNc's  Bayt  oBtheN.  W;  coaft 
of  N.  America,  is  feparated  from  'Ad - 
ikiiraflty  B8]S  tm  tlie  imthward,  by  a 

point 


vrs  i  itnd  has 
I  divided  into 


Mht  oF  land }  and  lies  N.  W.  from 
Crort  Sound.     8«e  ddmraltj  B«f. 

BsHRiNO'l  StrttttSt  feiMurate  Afia 
from  AnMnca»  are  To  called  from  the 
Ruffian  navigator,  Capt.  Beiiiine,  who, 
with  Tfliirikow,  fiiiled  from  iLamptf- 
chatka,  in  Siberia,  ontheAfiatic  coaft, 
in  t|ucft  of  the  Nuw  World,  in  a  quar- 
ter where  it  had,  perhapi,  never  been 
approached.*  They  both  difcovercd 
land  within  a  few  degrees  of  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  America.  But  the  more  recent 
difcoverieoof  Capt.  Cook,  and  his  fuc- 
ceflfor,  Clarke,  have  confirmed  the  near 
approximation  of  the  two  continents. 
Cape  Prince  of  Wales  is  the  moft  wef- 
terly  point  of  the  American  continent, 
hitherto  known.  It  is  fituated  in  N. 
)at.  65.  4<.  E.  long.  191.  45.  and  is 
19  miles  diftant  from  the  eaftern  coaft  of 
A(ia. 

The  Tea,  from  the  8.  of  Behring^s 
Straits,  to  the  crefcent  of  ifles  between 
Afia  and  America,  is  very  Hiallow.  It 
deepens  from  thefe  ftraits  (m  the  Bri- 
tlfh  Teas  do  from  Dover)  till  foundings 
aie  loft  in  the  Pacific  Ocean ;  but  that 
does  not  take  place  but  to  the  S.  of  the 
Ules.  Between  them  and  the  ftraits  is 
an  increafe  from  it  to  54. fathoms,  ex- 
cept only  off  St.  Thaddeus  Nofs,  where 
there  is  a  channel  of  greater  depth, 
li'rom  the  volcanic  dil^fition,  it  has 
been  Judged  probable,  not  only  that 
there  was  a  reparation  of  the  continents 
at  thefe  ftraits,  but  that  the  whole  fpace 
from  the  ifles  to  that  fmall  opening  had 
once  been  dry  land  ;  and  that  the  fuiy  of 
the  watery  elen)ent,  actuated  by  that  of 
fire,  had,  in  very  remote  time^  fub- 
Vertcd  and  overwhelmed  the  trail,  and 
left  the  iftands  to  ferve  at  monumental 
fragments. 

The  famous  Japanefe  map  places 
fome  idands  fcemingly  within  thefe 
ftraits,  on  which  is  beftowed  the  title 
of  Ya  Zuet  or  the  kingdom  of  the  dwarfs. 
This  gives  fome  realbn  to  fuppoie  that 
.America  was  not  linknoVtrn  to  the  Japa. 
nefe ;  and  that  they  had,  as  is  mention- 
ed by  Kxmpfer,  and  Charlevoix,  made 
voyages  of  difcovery ;  and,  according 
•to  the  laft,  actually  wintered  upon  the 
Continent,  where  probably  meeting  with 
the  Efquimaux,  they  might,  in  compa- 
Hfonot  thcmfelves,  and  Juftly,  diftin- 
guifti  them  by  the  name  of  dwarfs. 

B£KIA,  or  Btctuya.,  or  fiogww,  a  fmall 
#titi(h  Ifland  among  tbc  Gi-anadUla»} 


"B  E  L  s^ 

55  mllei  N.  E.  of  Oranada,  and  Sf 
leagues  from  Barhadoes.  Itwatcallc" 
Little  Martinico  by  the  French,  and  has 
a  Jafe  harbour  from  all  winds  {  but  tio 
fiefli  water.  It  is  only  frequented  by 
tholk  who  catch  turtle.  Tho  foil  pro. 
duces  wild  cotton,  and  plenty  of  water 
meloni. 

BiLCHBR,  atownfliipin  Hampfhire 
CO.  Mafl'achufetts,  containing  1485  in> 
habitants,  who  fubfift  chieflv  by  tunn- 
ing. It  lies  1 1  miles  £.  of  Hadiey,  and 
«5  W.  of  Bvfton. 

Belez,  a  cit/  of  Nevr  Grenada, 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America. 

Belfast,  a  townfiiip  and  bay  ia 
Hancock  co.  Diftrifl  of  Maine,  both  fi. 
tuated  in  v/hat  is  called  the  Waldo  Pa- 
tent, at  the  mouth  of  Peiiobfcot  R.  and 
on  its  weliern  fide }  38  miles  N.  E.  by 
E.  from  Hallowell,  and  146  N.  E.  from 
Bofton.  The  town  contains  145  inha- 
bitants.  TIk  Bay,  on  the  N.  weftem 
part  of  which  the  town  ftands,  runs  up 
mto  the  land  by  3  fliort  arms.  Iflelbo- 
rough  I.  lies  in  the  middle  of  it,  and 
forms  two  c  .annels  leading  to  the  mouth 
of  Penobfcot  R. 

Belgrade,  a  townlhip  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Diftri6l  of  Maine,  incocpomted  in 
Feb.  1796.  It  was  formerly  called 
Wafhington  Plantation.  It  lies  W.  of 
Sidney,  and  between  Androfcoggin  and 
Kennebeck  rivers. 

Belhaven,  the  former  name  of 
Alexandria,  in  Fairfax  co.  Viivinia, 
which  fee.  It  lies  14  miles  N.  £.  of 
Colchefter,  86  S.  W.  of  Winchefter, 
30  W.  of  Annapolis,  and  a  14  S.  W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Belim,  or  Para,  a  town  in  Brazil. 
See  Para. 

Belu  IJlt,  an  Ifland  on  the  E.  fide  cf 
the  northern  part  of  Newfoundland  I. 
E.  of  Canada  head;  lietween  jo.  42. 
and  50.  50.  N.  lat.  and  between  W. 
long.  55.  39.  and  55- -t-^* 

Bell  AIRE,  apoft-town  near  the  cen- 
tre of  Harford  co.  ivlaryland,  and  the 
chief  of  the  county.  It  contains  acoiirt- 
houfe  and  gaol;  and  is  thinlv  inhabited: 
diftant  from  Harford,  6  mifes,  N.  W.  j 
11  N.  E.  from  Baltimore,  and  86  W, 
S.  W.  from  Philadelphia. 

Belle  IJUt  an  ifland  at  the  mouth  of 
the  ftraits  of  this  name,  between  the 
country  of  the  Efquimaux,  or  New  Bri- 
tain, and  the  N.  end  of  Newfoundland 
I.  which  ftraits  leads   ioto   the  gulf 

C4.  of 


40  BEM 

of  St.  Lawrence  from  the  Ni  £.->«• 
The  ifland  is  about  7  leagues  in  cir< 
cumference)  and  lies  16  mU^s  from  the 
neareft  land  on  the  coaft  of  Labrador, 
or  New  Britain.  On  the  N.  W.  fide  it 
has  a  harbour  for  filhing  vcfl'els,  or  i'mall 
craft  i  and  on  the  £.  point  it  has  a  cove 
which  will  admit:  ihailops.  Lat.  51. 
55.  N.  long.  55,  30.  W. 

Belle  Duatt  Lot  or  Handfome  Dfiunt 
a  long,  proje£ling)  barren  point,  on  the 
ibuthern  fide  of  Ckaleur  Bay,  about  8 
leagues  N..N.  W.  of  Nipifisjuit,  where 
temporary  cod  and  herring  ftflieriss  are 
carried  on  by  different  pcopk;  there 
being  no  ettabtiihed  trader  at  the  place. 

Bellorovb,  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Jer. 
fey»  on  the  road  to  Albany,  lies  within 
half  a  mile  of  the  line  which  feparates 
New  York  from  New  Jerfey,  which  ex- 
tends from  Delaware  R.  to  that  of  Hud • 
(oQ,  It  is  3  miles  noi-therly  from  Bra- 
bantu  and  14  N.  by  W.  from  New- 
Yc.k  city. 

Bellingham,  afmall  farming  town- 
fliip  in  Norfolk  co.  Maifacburetts,  con- 
taining 735  inhabitants,  10 miles  north- 
erly ft-om  Providence,  and  34,  Ibutherly 
ivom  Bolton. 

Bells  MiU,  a  fettlement  in  N.  Caro- 
lina, near  the  Moravian  fettlernents,  at 
tbefourceofDeen  R.  the  N.  weftern- 
moft  branch  of  the  N.  W.  branch  uf 
Cape  Fear,  and  about  50  miles  W.  of 
HiiUbcrough. 

Bel  PRE,  a  poft-(;own  and  fmall  fet- 
tlement  in  the  tervitory  N.  W.  of  the 
Ohio,  on  the  N<  W.  bank  of  Ohio  K.  be- 
tween the  Hockhocking  &  Muikingum 
Rs.ando)iporite  the  mouth  of  the  Little 
Xanh£*:vay  {  a.' '  1 14.  mile*  below  M'*ri- 
etta,  and  480  S.W.by  W.from  Pliiladel. 

Bel  vioeiiE,anew  town  (hipia  Frank- 
Jin  CO.  Vermont.— .—Alio  a  village  in 
New- Jerfey,  in  Suflt:x  co.  fuuated  on 
I^el.-iware  R«  at  the  mouth  of  Pequeft  R. 
and  1 1  miUs  above  Ealton,  in  Penniyl- 
vania. 

T^SMHPICT,  a  town  In  Charles  co. 
Kiaryland,  on  Patuxent  R.;  oppoiite 
Mackall's  Ferry ;  W.  from  Port  T^- 
baccd  16  miles,  as  the  road  runs  thro' 
Byrantown;  30.  S.  E.  fro.ntheFtderal 
City,  and  ao  fvom  Drums  Point,  at  the 
mouth  of  fhtir. 'c-r. 

BiNKiNcrON,  a  county  in  the  S. 
W.  <«.rntr  of  Vermont,  having  Wind- 
ham «o.  on  the  E.  ml  the  ilate  of  N. 
York  on  tk«  W.  \  into  which  ttate  it 


B  £  R 

fends  Batten  Kill  aiid  Heofack  tivtitt 
which  both  lifehere,  and  fall  into  Hud« 
fon  R.  14  miles  apart  1  Rutland  co.  lies 
on  the  N.  and  th«'ftate  of  Maffaehufettt 
on  the  8.  It  contains  19  towoihipl,  of 
which  Bennington  and  Man(;befter  are 
the  chief.  It  has  is*^4  inhabitants* 
including  16  flaves*  The  roountaina 
here  furniOi  iron  on  in  ahundance,  and 
employ  already,  a  fiimace  and  two 
foi^es. 

Bennington,  the  (hire  town  of  the 
above  county,  and  the  largeft  town  in 
the  ftate  of  Vermont,  having  about,  160 
houfes,  inthecompaft  partofthetowrt, 
is  fituatcd  at  the  foot  of  the  Great 
Mountain,  near  the  S.  W.  comer  of 
the  ilate,  14  miles  eafterly  from  the 
junAlon  of  Hudfon  and  Mohawk  rir 
vers,  and  about  5a  from  the-  S.  end  of 
Lake  Champlain,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  E.  and  S.  bays ;  and  lies  55  miles 
from  Rutland}  ^o^  miles  N.  eafterly 
from  New-York }  and  300  in  the  r5»me 
dire£lion  from  Philadelphia.  N.  ladi 
41.  4a.  W.  long.  74.  10.  Benningtorf 
has  fcveral  elegant  buildings.  Its  pub- 
lic edifices  are  a  congregational  fchurch, 
ftate  houfe  and  gaol.  It  is  the  oldeft 
town  in  the  ftate,  having  been  firft  fet- 
tied  in  1764,  and  is  in  a  nourifliingcon« 
uition,  containing  2,400  inhahitants. 
Within  the  townfliip  is  mount  Auth<»> 
ny,  which  riles  very  high  in  a  conical 
f6rm.' 

Two  famous  battles  ^ere  fought  in 
or  near  this  town,  in  one  day,  Aug.  if, 
1777,  in  which  Col.  Stark  gained  great 
fame.  The  Britifli  loft  4  bi-ai's  fieldpie- 
ces,  and  other  military  ftore»i  and  beiidcs 
thofe  (lain,  700  were  taken  prifoners. 
The  killed  and  wounded  of  the  Ameri> 
cans  were  about  100  men.  This  de- 
feat contributed  in  a  great  meaiiire,  to 
the  rubfeqv.ent  fuixender  of  General  Bur- 
goyue's  army. 

Benson,  the  N.  wefternmoft  town- 
Ihip  in  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  is  fituat- 
ed  on  the  E.  fide  of  Lake  Chanlplain ;, 
57  miles  N.  N.  W.  of  Bennington,  and 
has  658  inhabitants.  Hubberton  R. 
paifes  through  Bcnlbn  in  its  way  to  Eaft 
Bay.  Cockburnc's  Creek,  which  feeds 
the  lame  bay,  rills  here. 

Bf.rab7.an,  is  a  lung  lake  in  New 
North  Wales,  lying  N.  and  S.  aixl  nar- 
rows gradually  from  its  N.  end,  till  it 
mixes  with  the  witters  of  Shech:iry 
Lake  at  the  S.  enil,  wlicit  thdc  waters 

form 


^ 


EH 


form  Seal  R'.  which  empties  into  Hud- 
fon'a  Bay  st  Churchill  fort.  The  N. 
endof  Berabiai^liet  irt  about  60.  30.  N. 
liit.  and  in  93.  50.  W.  long.  See  Sbt- 
chary  L.  and  Cburcbili  R. 

BstBici,  a  Dutch  fettlement  on  a 
river  of  the  fame  nanie»  in  SurinatHy 
which  fee.  Thia  fettlement  with  the 
other  adjoining  ones  of  Surinam  and 
Eflequibo,  furrendered  to  the  Britiih  in 
1796. 

Berbice,  or  BerbtUt  a  river  in  Suri 
nam,  or  Dutch  Guiana,  in  S.  America, 
which  is  a  quarter  of  a  mile  broad,  and 
two  fathoms  deep  at  itt  mouth,  in  N. 
lat.  6.  30.  The  land  on  both  fides  is 
low  and  woody,  has  plenty  of  logwood 
and  cotton. 

Bergen  Co.  in  New- Jerfey, on  Hud- 
fan  R.  lies  oppofite  New- York,  on  the 
E.  and  was  nrft  planted  by  the  Dutch, 
from  New- York.  It  contains  6  tpwn- 
(hips,  of  which  the  chief  are  Bergen 
and  H^ckinlack,  ;and  is,6oi  inliabi- 
tants,  including  2301  Haves.  Here  are 
7  Dutch  Calvinilt  churches,  and  %  of 
Dutch  Lutherans.  There  is  a  copper 
mine  here,  which,  when  worked  by 
the  Schuylers  (to  whom  it  belorged) 
was  confRierably  productive }  but  it  has 
been  neglcftcd  lor  many  years. 

It  is  a  mountainous,  iough,  an'!  hilly 
county,  30  miles  long,  and  15  broad. 
It  fornix  part  of  the  E.  and  northern 
end  of  the  ftate :  and  its  N.  W.  ex- 
tremity meets  the  N.  £.  part  of  Sufl'ex 
CO. ;  To  that  thefe  two  counties  embo- 
fom  Morris  and  Eflex  counties,  except 
on  the  S.  W.  and  form  the  whule 
bitadth  of  the  (late  in  that  quarter. 

Bergen,  the  fliire  town  of  Bergci 
CO.  New-Jerf»;y,  lies  furrounded  by 
water,  except  on  the  N. ;  the  rivtr 
Hudlbn  fepai-ates  it  from  New- York 
city,  3  miles  diftant  ;  on  the  S.  a  nar- 
row channel  lies  betv/een  it  and  Staten 
I. ;  and  on  the  W.  it  has  Hackiniaci|;  K. 
Tlie  inhabitants  are  moftly  deicrendants 
from  the  Dutch  fettlers. 

Bergen'  Neck,  is  the  fouthem  ex- 
tremity of  the  above  towr.ftjip. 

Berichemstead,  ot  Barkhemftead, 
a  townOiip  in  Litchfield  co.  ConneiH- 
cut,  having  Hartland  N.  and  New- 
Hartford  S. 

Berkley,  a  townfhipin  Hriftol  co. 
Maflkchufetts,  containing  850  inhabi- 
tants ;  50  miles  fouthward  ot  Boflon. 

Berkley,  the  name  both  of  a  coun- 


B  E  H  41 

ty  and  town,  in  Charlellon  DIftriA,  S* 
Carolina,  lying  near  Cooper  ind  AAky 
Rivers.  Ill  the  cenfus  of  1791,  it  was 
called  St.  John*s  Parifi},  in  Berkley  co. 
and  contained  75X  free  pcrfons,  and 
5170  (laves. 

Bbrklby  Ch.  in  Virginia,  lies  W* 
of  the  Blue  Kidgt;*  N.  ot  Frederick  co. 
and  feparated  from  tlu  ftate  of  Maiy*  ' 
land,  on  the  N.  and  £.  by  Potowmack 
R.  This  fertile  cofinty,  about  40  miles 
long  and  20  broad,  has  16,781  free  in> 
habitants,  and  %^i%  flaVes.  Martiuf* 
burg  is  its  chief  town. 

Berkley^s  Soundt  on  the  N.  W* 
coaft  of  N.  America,  liei  on  the  eaftem 
fide  of  Quadras  Ifles.  The  land  on  its 
eaftem  fide  is  oppofite  Cape  Flattery, 
and  forms  the  N.  fide  of  the  Straits  dc 
Fuca. 

Berk's  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  has 
Northampton  co.  on  the  N.  E. ;  Nor- 
ihumberkjidon  the  N.  W. ;  part  of  Lu* 
zem  on  the  N. }  Dauphin  and  Lancaf- 
ter  counties  B.  W.  and  Chefter  and 
Montgomery  S.E.  It  is  watered  by 
Schuylkill  R.  and  ;s  53  miles  long  and 
near  .29  broad,  containing  1,030,400 
acres.  Here  iron  ore  and  coaUire  fpund 
in  plenty,  which  {apply  feveral  iron 
works.  The  northern  paits  are  rough 
and  hilh  .  Berks  contains  30,179  in- 
habitants, of  whom  65  onljr  are  flaves. 
It  has  29  townfliips,  of  which  Reading 
is  the  chief. 

Berkshire  Co.  in  Maflachufetts,  is 
bomided  W.  by  New- York  ftate  j  S. 
by  the  ftate  of  Connecticut;  E.  by 
Hampfliire  co.  and  N.  by  the  ftate  m  ' 
Vermont.  It  thus  runs  the  whole  ex- 
tent cf  the  ftate  from  K.  to  S.  and  con- 
tains twenty-fix  town  hips;  the  chief 
of  which  are  Stoc'.cbridge,  Lenox, 
Great  Barrington,  *'Villianiftown,  and 
Pittsfield ;  and  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants3o,  191.  Whit:  and  clouded  mar- 
ble is  found  in  ftveral  towns,  in  the 
rough  and  hilly  paits  of  this  country. 

In  February,  1796,  tlie  legiflature 
paffed  an  aA  to  eftablifti  a  college  in 
Williamftown,  by  the  name  of  Wil- 
liams College. 

Berkshire,  a  newly  fettled  town- 
(hip,  in  Franklin  co.  Vermont. 

Berlin,  a  neat  and  flouriftiing  town 
of  York  CO.  Pennfylvania,  containing 
about  100  houfes.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  on  the  S.  W,  fide  oiiCoiiewago 
Creek,  1 3  miles  wefieiiy  of  Yockto^n, 

and 


#  ^  £  iL 

and  Ml  W.  dT  PhUadelphia.    N.  lat. 

99*  5^- 

BuKLVKf  a  tofwnflup  in  Orange  co. 

VtnDonty  on  Dog  K.  a  branch  of 
Ctuom  R:  from  theS.  t  which  laft  fepa. 
rates  Berlin  from  MontpeIier»  on  the 
M.  N.  W>  Bcriin  containa  134  inhabi- 
taat«»  and  is  ubout  94  miks  N.  eafterly 
firom  Bemington. 

BiRiiiN)  a  townfliip  in  Hartford  co. 
CooDcdicut*  i»  miiet  S.  Si  W.of 
BRrtfstx),  4«  N.  W.  of  Ncw-Lcndon } 
and  aS  F.  M.  E.  of  N«w.iIaTen. 

Berlin,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter 
C0.  Ma(&chuletts»  containing  51a  in- 
liabitants  {  34.  milca  W.  of  Bofton.  and 
«5  N.  £.  of  Worcefter.  Hop^  have 
Inen  cultivated  here  lately,  andpromife 
iw  be  a  valuable  article  of  hufluuidry. 

Berlin,  in  Somerfet  co.  formerly  in 
that  of  BcdI'ord  Pennfylvania,  lies  on 
m  branch  of  Stoney  Creek,  s  S.  water  c£ 
Conemaugh  R.  on  the  W.  fide  of  the 
Alleghany  KfonBlain  {  25  miles  weft- 
wmd  of  Bedford ;  »3  N.  W.  of  Fort 
Cumberland,  in  Virginia,  and  200  W. 
«f  Philadelphia.  Sione  Creek,  the 
chief  iburce  of  Kiflcerainitas  R.  rifes 
"tf.  N.  E.of  Berlin.    N.  lot.  39.  54. 

Bermuda  Hundred,  or  City  Point, 
aa  it  is  fometimes  called,  is  a  port  of 
tntry  and  poft  town,  in  Ch«fterfield  co. 
Virsiaia,  Atuated  on  the  point  of  the 
peninfula,  fbrmed  by  the  confluence  of 
the  Appamattox  with  Jam'  »  River,  36 
miles  wefterly  from  Williamfourg,  64 
from  Poini  Comfort,  inChefapcak  Bay, 
and  ] 1 5  S .  W. by S .from Philadelphia. 
City  Point,  from  which  it  is  named, 
lies  on  the  fouthem  bank  of  James  R 
4  miles  S.  S.  W.  from  this  town.  The 
exports  fror.  this  {Uace,  chiefly  co}- 
IcAed  at  Richmond,  ao  miles  above  it, 
amounted  in  1794,  to  the  value  o. 
773,549  dollars  I  and  (ixmn  the  ift  of 
OAober,  to  ift  December,  1795,  were 
as  fdlows  t  1 5  kegs  of  butter,  578  bbls. 
S.  flneflour,  1 01  half  do.  789  fine  do. 
393  lbs.  indigo,  10  tons  pig  iron,  too 
His.  faflafras,  80,320  hbd.  (taves,  66,300 
bbl.  ftaves,  1,819  hhds.  tobacco,  and  3 
kegs  manufaftured  do.— Total  exports, 
90,859  dollars,  45  cents.  There  are 
about  40  houfes  here,  including  (bme 
«rarchou(M.  It  trades  chiefly  with  the 
Wi  Indies,  and  th*;  different  ftates. 
City  Point,  in  Jamet  R.  lies  in  N.  lat. 
■57. 16.W.  lonff.  77.  31 }.  Sec  Richtmnd. 

Birmwsa  Jfiatdt*    Thefe  received 


this  name  from  the  discoverers   Jo8t| 
Bermudas,  a  Spaniard ;  and  were  called 
Sommer*s  Ifles,  from  Sir  Oeorge  Som- 
roers,  who  was  fliipwrecked  on  theii- 
rocks  in  1609,  in  his  paflage  to  Vir. 
ginia;    The  number  of  thii  cluder,  iiJ 
the   form   of  a  ihepherd's  crook,  hai 
been  computed  to  be  about  400,  diflant 
from  the  Land's  End  in  England,  1 506 
leagues,  itnm  the  Madeiras  lioo,  from 
Hifpaniola  4Q0,  and  200  from  Cape  Hat- 
teras    in   Carolina,   which  laft  is  the 
nearjft  land  to  them.    The  iflands  are 
wa/ied  with  rocks }  and  by  rea&n  of' 
tlv.'fe,  together  with  flioals,  are  difficult 
tc  approach.     The  entrances  into  the 
harbours  and  channels   are  nanxvvir  aa 
rvell  as  flioaly,  and  are  more  dangerous 
by  realbn  of  the  ftrong  current  which 
fets  to  the  N.  £.  from  the  gulf  of  Flo- 
rida.    They  contain  Irom  1 1  to  1 3,000 
acres  of  poor  land, of  which9part8  in  16 
are  either  uncultivated,  or  referved  in 
woods,  which  confift  chijsfly  of  cedar} 
for  the  fupply  of  (hip-building.    There 
are  about  2qo  acres  laid  out  in  cotton. 
The  main  ifland  is  ubout  i£  miles  lon^^ 
and  finom  one  to  two  in  breadth.     The 
pariih  of  St.  George's,  is  an  I.  to  the 
eaftward  of  the  main  land,   in  which 
ftands  the  town  of  St.  George's,  cc.i- 
tainingabout  500 houfes.  Contiguous  to 
that  is  St.  David's  I.  which  fupulies  the 
town  with  proviiions.  The  air  isnealthy* 
and  a  continual  fpring   prevails ;    and 
moft  of  the  produ£lions  of  the  W.  In> 
dies  might  be  cultivated    here.    The 
houfes  are  built  of  a  foft  flone,'  wl,«rh 
is  fawn  like  timber,  but  being  Araihed 
with  lime,    it    becomes    hard  j    thcfe 
ftones  are  greatly  in  requeft  throughout 
the  W.  Indies,  for  filtrating  water.  The 
houfes  are  white  as  fnow ;  which,  be- 
'leld  from  an  eminence,  contrafted  with 
the  greennefs  of  the  ced»rs,  and  pafture 
ground,  and  the  multitude  of  ifiands 
full   in   view,  realize  what  the   poets 
have  feigiied  of  the  Elyiian  Fields.— < 
Some  accounts   lay  that  thefe  iflands 
contain  from  1 5  to  20,000  inhabitants ; 
but  Mr.  Edwards  fays  the  n\imber  of 
.white  people  is  5462,  of  blacks  4919. 
Old  writers  obferve  that  there  were  3000 
Englifli  in  thefe  iflands,  in  1613.     300 
or  400  go  annually  to  Turks  I.  to  rake 
fait,  which  is  carried  to  America  fur  pro- 
vifions,  or  fold,  to  fuchas  may  call  for 
it  there,  for  cafli.    The  Bermndiana 
are  chiefly  fcafering  nun,  and  the  ne- 
groes 


trots  are  rtry  txpert  mariners,    in  the 
fate  war,  there  yntt  at  one  time  be- 
tween 15  and  ab  privateers  fitted  out 
from  hence,   which  were  manned  by 
negro  flaves,  who  behaved  irreproacha- 
bly} and  Aich  i«  the  ftate  of  flavery 
here,  and  fo  much  are  they  attached  to 
their  maftm,  that  fuch  as  were  captur- 
ed always  returwd  when  it  was  in  their 
power;    a  fmgular  inftance  of  which 
occurred  in  the  ftate  of  MaflTachufetts. 
The  fl«iJ  Regulator,  a  privateer,  was 
carried  into  Bofton,  and  tiad  70  flaves 
on  boaitlt  60  of  them  returned  in  a 
fiag  of  truce,  9  returned  by  way  of 
tIew-Yorkj  one  only  was  mifllng,  who 
died.    The  government  is  condu£ted 
under  a  governor^  named  by  the  Bri- 
tifli  crown,  a  council,  and  a  general  af- 
fembly.    There    are   9    churches,    of 
which  3  clergymen  have  the  charge; 
and  there  is  one  Prefbyterian  church. 

In  the  prefent  Eurc^an  war,  the  nu- 
merous cruizers  from  Bermudas,  have 
xmwarrantably  captured  numbers  of 
American  veffels,  loaded  with  provi- 
fions  or  naval  ftorcs,  bcund  for  French, 
and  other  ports,  which  have  been  ini- 
quitoudy  condemned.  * 

Bernard's  Bay,  lies  on  the  N.  W. 
fide  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  The  paf- 
fage  into  it,  between  feveral  iflands,  is 
called  Pafco  de  Cavalb. 

Bernardstoutn,  in  Somerfet  co. 
New.Jj:r;:y,  contains  4377  inhabitants, 
including  93  flaves. 

Alio  the  name  of  a  townfhip  in 
Hampftiire  co.  Maflachufetts,  contain- 
ing 691  inhabitants;  diftant  110  miles 
weftward  Irom  Bofton.  ' 

Berne,  a  townfhip  in  Albany  co. 
New-york.  By  'the  ftate  cenfiis  of 
1796,  it  appears  there  are  477  of  the 
inhabitants  who  are  electors. 

Berry  Iflands,  a  fmall  chifter  of 
ides  on  the  N.  W.  point  of  the  Great 
B:ihama  Bank,  in  the  channel  of  Pro- 
vidence. N.lat.  25.  30. W.  long.  75.40. 
Bertie,  a  maritime  co.  in  N.  Caro- 
lina, in  Edenton  diftri^l,  with  the  .Roa- 
noke its  S.  boundai-y,  and  Albemarle 
Sound  on  the  E.  In  it  is  lituated  the 
ancient  Indian  tower  of  TuCcarora.  It 
contains  ii,6o6  (buls,  of  which  num- 
ber 5 1 4. 1  are  Haves. 

Berwick,  or  Abbttflonvn,  a  neat 
town  in  York  co.  Pennlylvania,  at  the 
head  of  Conewago  Creek,  1 3  miles  weft- 
ward  of  York,  a(  S,  S.  W.  of  Harrif- 


«At 


41 


burgh,  and  103  W.  byS.  of  PMIadcl* 
phia.  The  town  is  renhuiy  laitf  «it^ 
and  contains  about  100  hooASj  s  0«s 
man  Luthtran,  and  Calvtiuft  cb«Kh« 
N.  lat.  39.  y^ 

Berwick,  aclftw-BervHektt.  Anal 
town  of  Northumberland  co.  Pomfyf- 
vania,  on  the  N.  wedem  fide  of  the  E. 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  R.  <mpofite 
Nelcopeck  Falls,  and  Neftopeck  Ci«ek» 
l%\  miles  N.  E.  from  Northumberland 
and  Sunbury,  at  the  junttion  of  tWe  E4 
with  the  W.  branch  of  'SufquehaM^ 
and  160  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  41.  3. 

Berwick,  a  tovmOiip  in  York  eo. 
Diftri£l  of  MaiiM,  containing  3894  in- 
habitants. It  has  an  incorporate  tw»* 
demy,  and  lies  on  the  E.  iide  ai  Sal- 
mon Fall  R.  7  miles  N.  W.  of  Ya»k, 
and  86  E.  of  N.  from  Bofton. 

Bethabara,  thefirft  fettlemantcf 
the  Moravians  in  the  lands  of  Wacho- 
via, in  N.  Carolina,  begun  in  1753 ;  6 
miles  N.  of  Salem,  and  183  W.  of  Hi- 
lifax,  in  N.  lat.  36.  9.  It  is  fituated  on 
the  W.  fide  of  Graffy  Creeik,  whi<1s . 
unites  with  the  Gargales,  and  fevendi 
others,  and  ialls  into  the  Yadktp.  ft 
contains  a  church  of  the  United  Bredi- 
ren,  and  about  50  dwelling  houfes. 

Bethaky,  or  Betbama,  a  Monnriaik, 
fettlement  and  poft  town,  in  the  knde 
of  Wachovia,  in  N.  Carolina,  begun  in 
1760;  9  miles  N.  W.  of  Salem,  4  N. 
W.  of  Bethabara,  and  568  S.  W.  by  S. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  about  60 
houfes,  and  a  church,  built  on  a  regubr 
plan.     See  ffacbevia. 

Bethe#,  a  fmall  Moravian  fettle- 
ment on  Swetara  R.  in  Pennfylvanii* 
12  miles  from  Mt.  Joy.-'A  townfliip 
in  Dauphin  county. 

Bethel,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  eo. 
Vermont,  containing  473  inhabitants ; 
N.  N.  W.  of,  and  bounded  by  Stock- 
bridge,  and  about  67  miles  N.  N.  eaft- 
erly  of  Bennington.  It  £;ives  rife  to  a 
fmall  branch  of  White  River. 

Bethel,  a  townftiip  in  Delaware 
CO.  Pennsylvania. 

Bethlehem,  a  town  in  /Ibanyco. 
New- York,  very  fruitful  in  paftures, 
and  has  large  quantities  of  excellent 
butter.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796, 
388  of  the  inhabitants  are  electors. 

Bethlehem,  a  townfliip  in  Betk- 
fliire  CO.  Maflachufetts,  having  161  in-  ^ 
habitants.    It  lies  about  10  3uk«  &.  pf 


m  BET 

X.  fivm  Stockbridge,  to  fbm  ttaox. 
aad  1)0  from  Bolton.  It  bordenon 
Tyringham  and  Loudon. 

Bkthlbubm,  ft  townfhip  in  Hun. 
tenion  co.  New-Jerfey*  Atuated  at  the 
head  of  the  S.  branch  nfRariton  River. 
It  contain*  1335  inltabitant«»  including 
3t  Aave«.  Turf  for  firing  is  found  bei-e. 

Bbtuuihbm,  atownlhipin  Litch- 
field CO.  Conne£licut»  joins  Litchfield 
oa  the  N.  and  Woodbury  on  the  S. 

Bbtulbubm,  a  poft  town  in  North. 
ampton  co.  Pennfylvaniay  is  a  cele- 
Itrated  fettlement  ot  the  Moravians,  or 
Ihtited  Bretbrent  of  the  Protdtant  E^pif. 
eopal  church,  as  they  term  themselves. 
It  is  fituatcd  on  Leliigh  R.  a  weltern 
branch  of  the  Delaware,  53  miles  north- 
erly from  Philadelphia,  and  18  fouth- 
crly  fi-om  the  Ifvid  Gap.  The  town 
Hands  partly  on  the  lower  banks  of  the 
Maoakes,  a  fine  creek,  which  affords 
trout  and  other  filh.  The  fituation  is 
bealthful  and  pleafant,  and  in  lununer 
is  ireq\ientcd  by  gentry  from  different 
parts^  In  1787,  there  were  60  dwelling 
Buuiiss  of  Itone,  well  built,  and  600  in- 
hid>itanti.  Befides  the  meeting  houle, 
are  }  other  public  buildings,  large  and 
ipacious)  one  for  the  fmgle  brcthien, 
one  for  the  fingle  fillers,  and  the  other 
fer  the  widowsr  The  literary  eftabli/h- 
Bients*  as  well  as  tlie  religious  regula- 
tioQS,  here,  deferve  notice.— In  a  houfe 
adjoining  to  the  church,  is  a  Iciiool  for 
.females {  .and  fince  1787,  a  boarding 
ichool  for  young  ladies,  who  are  fent 
here  fi'om  different  parts,  and  are  in* 
ItruSled  in  reading  and  writing  (in  the 
BngliHt  and  German  ton||lies)  gram- 
mar, arithmetic,  geograpliy,  needle 
work,  roufic,  Ssc.  The  minifter  of  the 
;:lace  has  the  diKAion  of  this  a<i  well 
%  of  the  bnyk*  fchool,  which  is  kept  in 
ft  iepaiate  houie,  where  they  arc  initi- 
ated in  the  fuiidameutui  branches  of  li- 
trratiu-e.  Theie  fchools,  elpecially  that 
for  the  young  ladies,  are  de(i;ivedly  in 
very  high  repute  {  Snd  fcholars,  more 
than  can  be  accommodated,  are  otlered 
from  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

There  is  at  the  lower  part  of  the 
town  a  machine,  of  fimple  conttniflion, 
which  raileti  the  water,  from  a  Ipring, 
into  a  rrlervoir,  to  the  iicight  of  100 
feet }  whence  it  is  conduced  by  pipes 
into  the  ieveral  (Ireets  of  the  town. 

There  is  a  genteel  tavern  it  the  N. 
end  ot'  the  towjfi,  tlte  profit  arjling  from 


BIE 

which,  belongt  to  the  fbciety.  Then 
is  alfo  a  ftore,  with  a  general  aflbrt- 
meitt  of  goods,  an  apoithecary'a  ihop» 
a  laree  tan- yard,  a  currier*s,  and  a  dy- 
er's fli(U),  agrift<mill,  a  fulling- mill^^  an 
oil-mill,  ana  a  faw-mill,  ai)d  on  the 
banks  of  the  Lehigh,  a  brewery.  N. 
lat.  40.  37.  W.  long.  75*  14. 

Bevf,  Rtviertau,  empties  eaftward« 
ly  into  Milfifippi  R.  in  N.  lat.  39.  4. ) 
about  48  miles,  by  the  courfe  of  the 
river,  above  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois* 
and  7  miles  S.  from  Riviere  Oahaha. 

Beuf,  Small  Le.    See  Le  Boeufi, 

Bkverly,  a  townfhip  and  poft  town 
in  Eficx  CO.  Mafiachufetts,  containing 
3190  inhabitants,  is  feparated  from  Sa> 
lem  by  a  handfome  bridge,  And  is  about 
zo  miles  £.  cf  N.  of  Bofton,  and  %%  S. 
W.  of  Newburyport.  It  has  two  pa- 
riflies.  In  the  parifli  next  the  harbour, 
are  a  number  of  handfome  houfes,  ex- 
hibiting the  cheering  rewards  of  euter- 
prife  and  induftry,  and  the  inhabitants 
are  devoted  to  the  filhery  and  other 
branches  of  navigation.  In  the  other 
part  of  the  town,  which  is  chiefiy  agri- 
cultural, is  a  cotton  manufaAory.  The 
bi  idge,  mentioned  before,  is  1 500  feet 
in  length,  ertfltd  in  1788,  and  connects 
this  town  with  Salem.  It  has  a  draw 
tor  veflTeis. 

Beverly's  Mutter,  or  IriJhTraff, 
in  Virginia,  is  a  tinSi  of  land*  in  N.  lat. 
38.  10.  at  t!.e  head  of  Maflanuten's  R. 
a  weftcrn  branch  of  the  Shenandoah, 
which  rifes  here  by  three  branches,  viz. 
Middle  R.  Lewis  and  Chridian  Creeks. 
It  lies  between  the  Blue,  and  the  ^forth 
Ridge.  The  road  from  Yadkin  River, 
through  Virginjia  to  Phdadelphia,  pafTea 
through  here. 

Biodles,  a  fettlement  on  a  branch 
of  LickingR.  in  Bourbon  co. Kentucky} 
about  6  miles  N.  W.  from  Millers,  oil 
the  N.  £.  fide  of  the  fame  branch,  and 
3*  miles  N.  N.  E.  from  Lexington. 

BiODEFORD,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft 
town  in  York  co.  Di(lri£l  of  Maine,  on 
the  S.  W.  fide  of  Saco  R.  on  the  fea 
coad,  14  miles  S.  W.  from  Portland, 
24  N.  E.  from  York,  and  105  from  Bof- 
ton. It  contains  101 S  inhabitants; 
and  here  the  cuiinty  courts  are  held,  as 
iikewife  at  York.     N.  lat.  43.  26. 

BiEQUE  IJlatiid,  01  BortaueHf  or  Crabs 
IjlUf  one  of  the  Virgin  ides,  %  leagues 
trum  Poi'to  Rico,  6  leagues  long,  and 
a    broad.    The   English   fettled  here 

twice 


BIO 

twice,  and  hwe  been  driren  away  by 
the  Span'wrU^t  whofe  intcreft  tt  ia  to  let 
it  rem.' in  dfolate.  It  haa  a  rich  i'otl, 
and  a  good  road  on  ita  S.  fide.  Lat. 
iS.  t.  N.  Long.  64.  JO.  W. 

Bio  Bone  Cruk,  in  Woodford  co. 
Kentucky,  falls  into  the  Ohio  from  the 
E.  in  about  N.  lat.  39.  i7.W.long.  85. 
54..  It  ia  very  fmall  in  fize,  and  has  ) 
braneheaj  the  N.  weftemmoft  inter- 
locks  with  Bank  Lick  Creek,  which 
falls  into  Licking  R.  It  is  only  notice- 
able for  the  large  bonesj  and  i'alt  licks 
near  it. 

Big  Bone  Licks,  The,  lie  on  each 
fide  of  the  above  mentioned  creek,  a 
little  below  the  junflion  of  the  two 
ealiem  branches,  about  8  miles  from 
the  mouth  of  the  creek.  Thefe,  as 
alfo  the  other  fait  fprings,  in  the  wetc- 
ern  country,  are  called  Lich,  becaufc 
the  earth  about  them  ia  furrow^  up 
in  a  mod  curious  manner,  by  tlie  buf- 
faloes  and  deer  which  lick  the  earth, 
on  account  of  the  faline  particles  with 
which  it  is  impregnated.  A  (tream  •  f 
brackilh  water  runs  through  thele  ticks, 
thelbil  of  which  is  a  fott  clay.— The 
large  b«>nes  found  here,  and  in  feveral 
-other  places  near  fait  licks,  and  in  low 
fuft  grounds,  th(  ught  to  bebne  to  the 
mammoth,  (liil  puzzle  the  molt  learned 
naturalifts  to  determine  to  what  animal 
they  have  belonged.  A  thigh  bone 
found  here  by  General  Parfons,  me.i- 
fured  forty-nine  inches  in  length.  A 
tooth  of  this  animal  is  depofited  in 
Yale  College.  Mr.  JcfFerfon,  who  Jeems 
to  have  examined  the  (keleton  oi  one 
of  thrCe  animals  with  curious  atten 
tion,  lays,  that  "  The  bones  bcfiicak 
an  animal /<i/^  or  fix  times  the  cubic 
vo'ameof  an  elephant,"  as  M.  Buflfon 
has  admitted.  Of  this  animal  the  na- 
tives have  no  tradition,  but  what  is  fo 
fabuhus,  that  no  conje£lnre  can  be 
aided  by  it,  except  that  tlie  animal  was 
carnivv^rous ;  and  this  is  the  general 
opinion,  and  was  admitted  by  the  late 
Dr.  liuntr.T,  of  London,  from  an  exa- 
mination of  the  tulks,  &c. 

Big  HtLLCrcf;(,  runs  W.  into  Kaf- 
kalkias  R.£  5  miles  below  Beaver  Creek, 
1 7  above  Blind  Creek,  anil  z6  northerly 
from  the  mouth  of  Kaikaflcias. 

Biggin  Swamp.    See  Santee  River. 

Bio  Rocit,  a  large  rock  on  the  S.  E. 
bank  of  Au  Vaze  K.  -,  about  3  miles 
N*  E.  from  its  n>outh  iu  the  MiiTifippi, 


110  # 

and  aliout  t  mile*  S.  B.  from  Cape  St. 
Antonio,  on  tfhat  river. 

Bio  Rock  Branchy  the  N.  eafteni 
head  branch  of  Alleghany  R.  Th* 
branch  called  Big  Hole  Town  joint  it* 
aiKl  forms  tbe  Alleghany,  1 5  mtlca  N* 
E.  from,  and  above,  Venango>  Fort. 

Big  Salt  Lick,  a  garrifon  in  tlw 
ftateof  Teneffee,  near  the  Salt  Lt«k, 
on  Cumberland  R.  (  115  miles  from 
Knoxville ;  80  from  South  Wrft  Pomt, 
en  Clinch  R.;  %z  from  Bledfoe  Lick* 
and  68  from  Na(hville. 

Big  Sandy  River,  or  Totfervy,  has 
its  fource  near  that  of  Cumberland  R.  | 
and,  feparatingVirginia  from  Kentucky* 
empties  into  the  Ohio,  oppofite  the 
French  Purchafe  of  Galiopolis,  in  about 
N.  lat.  38.  30.  Vancouver's  and  Har« 
roar's  forts  ftand  on  this  river.  On  ttt 
banks  are  feveral  fait  licks  and  fprings* 
Little  Sandy,  it  a  fliort,  fmall  river^ 
which  falls  into  tlie  Ohio,  about  so 
miles  W.  of  Big  Sandy  R,  in  Mafim 
cu.  Kentucky. 

BiLLERiCA,  a  townfliip  in  Middb^ 
fex  CO.  Mafiacliuletts,  incci-porated  in 
1655.  It  has  laoo  in'iabitants ;  nof 
has  there  been  much  variation  in  the 
number  for  half  k  cf;niury.  It  lie«  *« 
miles  nurthward  of  Bofton,  and  is  wa- 
tered by  Concord  and  Shawdieen  rivem, 
-.vhich  run  N.  eafterly  into  Merrimack 
Rive>. 

BiLLiKGSPORT,  on  Delaware River^ 
lies  I  a  miles  below  Philadelphia,  was 
fortified  in  the  late  war,  for  the  defence 
of  the  channel.  Oppofite  this  fort,  listre- 
rnl  large  fames  of  timber,  headed 
with  iron  fpikek,  called  cbevaux  de 
frixct,  were  limit  to  prevent  the  Britifll 
(hips  irom  pafl'ng.  Since  the  peace,  a 
curious  macliiue  lias  been  invented  ia 
Philadelphia,  to  raifc  them.  > 

Billet.     See  Hatborough. 

BiL^YMEAD,  in  Caledonia  co.  in 
Vermont. 

B I  MINI  IJle,  rne  of  the  Bahama 
iflands,  near  the  channel  of  Bahama, 
and  £.  of  Cape  Florida.  It  is  about 
8  miles  in  length,  and  as  much  in 
l>readth  ;  covered  with  trees,  and  inha- 
bited by  the  aborigines  of  America.  It 
is  very  difBcult  of  accefs,  on  account 
of  the  flioals ;  but  it  ts  a  pleafant  place, 
and  is  laid  to  have  a  good  harbour. 
N,  lat.  25.  W.  long.  79.  30. 

BioBio,  or  Bit^hio,  a  river  in  Chili, 
the  largeft  in  that  kingdom.    It  riftt ' 

ia 


4^  n^VM 

iatih*  AacMt*  «nt««  the  8»  Sea  neir  (hr 
city  of  ConceptioDf  oppofitethe  ifle.of 
Af«|«iruM»  Ut  lat.  37.  S,{  runuitig 
llMWigh  veins  of  gold  and  fields  of  far- 
fyfuuUk.  It  it  the  boundary  between 
tM  Spanianls  and  fevcral  Indian  na- 
tion*^ their  encoiiea)  which  obliges 
|iMm  to  keep  ftrong  gurifons  upon  it. 
.  Biro  Arf»  on  Mouongahela  R.  40 
■riles  S.  of  Fort  Pitt. 

Birds  Kiyu  a  rock  or  ifland  among 
thi  Virgin  iijU«s  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  is 
foand,  and  lies  about  %  leagues  S.  of 
jM<  John^s.  It  has  its  name  from  the 
ouantities  of  birds  which  refort  there. 

^.,lat.  17.  Si'  ^'  ^o^g'  ^3*  *<>' 

BiRU,  a  town  10  leagues  from  Tnuc- 
tUa>  inthjB  S.  Sea>  in  the  empire  of  Pe- 
r«»  inhabited  ..by .  about  80  Indians, 
Spaniards,  Mulattoes,  and  Meftees.  It 
is  very  fertile*  and  well  watered  by 
canals  «ut  fixmi  the  river,  and  fo  con- 
veyed to  neat  diflancet ;  as  at  Trux- 
iUa.    S.Tat.  8. 14.  W. long.  69. 17. 

Biscay  Baj,  is  in  theN.  eaftemcor- 
acr  of  TrepaUey  Bay  in  the  ifland  of 
Newfoundland;  which  lies  iu  the  S. 
taftera  part  of  the  ifland. 

BiSCAYy  a  jM'ovince  of  Mexico, 
triMoading  in  Hlver  mines,  having  New- 
McKico  on  the  N.  and  Florida  on  the 
W.  The  river  de  la  NaflaK  runs  thro' 
a  mat  part  of  it. 

Black  Lickt  lies  in  Weflmoreland 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania,  about  36  miles  £.  of 
Pittfl>urgh. 

Black  Poini,  and  Blue  Point,  are 
capca,  within  thofe  of  Elizabeth  and 
Porpoife,  in  the  difiri£l  of  Maine. 

Black  R.  There  are  two  iinall 
rivers  of  this  name  in  Vermont,  one 
lalls  intoConneAicut  R.  at  Springfield, 
the  other  nins  N.  into  Lake  Mcmphre- 

Black  R.  in  N.  York,  interlocks 
ivith  Canada  Creek,  and  runs,N.  W. 
into  Iroquois  river,  boatable  60  miles. 
Alfi>  a  low  river  which  rifes  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  pafles  fouth  eafterly  into 
iiottaway  R.  in  N.  Carolina. 

Black  Rivfr,  a  Britifli  r<?ttlement 
at  the  mouth  of  Tinto  K.  ao  leagius  to 
the  E.  of  Cape  Honduras,  the  only  har- 
konr  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Firma,  from 
fhe  ifland  of  Rattan  to  Cape  Gracias 
a  Dios,  and  was  for  more  than  60  years 
the  rejfuge  of  the  logwood  cutters, 
when  the  Spaniards  drove  them  from 
thcfoitfts4C£aft  Yucatan,  which  oc- 


B  L  A 

cafloned  adventurers  of  difftrent  kindff 
to  fettle  here,  where  the  coaft  is  fandy,' 
low  and  fwampy  ;  higher  up  near  the 
rivers  and  hgeons,  which  are  fall  of 
fifli,  the  Toil  is  more  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces plantanes,  cocoa- trecs^  maiie, 
yams,  potatoes,  and  a  variety  of  vegeta- 
bles} and  the  paflion  for  drinking 
(pirits,  made  them  plant  fiigar  canes. 
The  forefts  are  full  of  deer,  Mexican, 
Twine  and  game.  The  fliores  abound 
with  turtle,  and  the  woods  with  ma- 
hogany, xebra-^ood,  farfiLpirilla,  Sec, 
and  indeed  the  whole  fetMement  flou- 
ri/hes  fpontaneoufly  without  cuUivation, 

J}lack  R.  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
pafles  through  a  level  country,  is  the 
deeueft  and  largcft  in  the  ifland,  and 
will  admit  flat  bottomed  boats  an4 
canoes  for  about  30  miles. 

Blackstonb,  a  fmall  R.  which  hat 
its  fouree  is  Rainfliorn  pond,  in  Sut- 
ton, Maflachufetts,  and  after  pafling 
,  through  Providence,  empties  into  Nar- 
;  raganfet  Bay  at  Briftol,  receiving  in  its 
courfe  a  number  of  tributary  ttreams« 

Bladen,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina/ 
in  Wilmington  diftri£l.  It  has  508^^ 
inhabitants,  including  1676  flaves. 

Bladbn  SB  VRG,  a  poft  town  in  Prince 
George  CO.  Maryknd,  on  the  eafterit 
bank  of  the  e^em  branch  of  Potow* 
mack  R.  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hi 
W.  and  N.  E.  branches  )  9  miles  from 
its  mouth  at  the  Federal  City ;  38  S. 
W.  from  Bahimore,  and  11  N.  £.  from 
Alexandria,  in  Virginia.  It  containf 
about  150  houfcs,  and  a  ware-houle 
foi'  the  infpeiUon  of  tobacco. 

Blaize,  Capt,  on  the  coaft  of  W^ 
Floridc  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  is  a 
promontory  which  feparates  the  bay  of 
Apalache  on  the  E.  from  that  ot  St. 
Jofeph ;  into  which  laft  it  turns  in  the 
fliape  of  a  flicpherd's  crook. 

Blanca,  a  river  in  the  province  of 
Chiapa,  in  the  audience  of  Mexico,  in 
New-Spain,  North  America.  Its  water 
is  faid  to  have  a  petrifying  quality,  yet 
is  clear,  and  docs  no  hai'm  to  man  oi' 
beaft  that  drinks  of  it. 

Blanco  Capes.  There  are  many 
capes  of  this  name,  as  follow,  i .  The 
N.  weftern  point  of  the  bay  of  Salinas, 
in  the  10th  degree  of  N.  latitude;  and 
on  the  coaft  of  I'erra  Firma;  and,  In 
other  maps,  is  calkd  the  N.  wefttin 
point  of  the  gulf  of  Ntcoya.«>2.  Qa 
the  coaft  of  Culifaiiua,  at  the  brondeft 

jparfc 


I  vine  in  its 


BLO 

part  of  the  pailnrula,  in  .Hi  jtd  degree 
ptN.  latitude.— 3.  Oathe  )l.  W.  coaft 
pf  America,  in  New.  Albi«  a»  fouthward 
of  the  mouth  of  what  hae  been  called 
the  Rh/if  tftht  fFf/»  in  the  44th  de- 
gree of  N,  latitude.-^.  A  pnmiontary 
of  Peru,  in  8.  America,  on  the  coaft  of 
the  ^.  Sea,  aie  miles  S.  W.  of  Guaya- 
quil, S.  lat.  3.  45.  W,  Umg.  S3,->^5.  A 
f  ape  in  the  foutbem  ocean,  on  the  E. 
fide  of  Paugonia,  S.  ea^ward  of  Julian 
Bay,  in  the  47th  degree  of  S.  latitude* 
8  leagues  W.  of  Pepys's  Illand, 

Blanco,  or  Blancat  an  ifland  35 
leagues  from  Terra  Firma.  and  N.  of 
Iviargarita  I.  in  the  province  of  New- 
Andalufia.  It  i*  flat,  low,  and  unin- 
habited) having  favannahs  of  long 
grafs  }  i$  dry  and  healthy ;  has  plenty 
pf  guanas,  and  fome  trees  of  ligniun- 
vitae.    N.  lat.  1 1. 50.  W.  long.  64.  50. 

Blakco,  an  ifland  on  the  S.  eaftem 
part  of  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan,  in 
^ew-Spain.  N,  lat.  11.  W. long.  88.  £• 

Blanoford,  a>townihip  in  Lunen* 
burg  CO.  on  Mahon  Bay,  Nova-Scotia, 
fettkd  by  a  few  families. 

Blandford,  a  townfhip  in  Hamp- 
fliir;  CO.  Mafllichufetts,  W.  of  Connec- 
ticut R. ;  about  25  miles  S.  W.  of 
Northampton,  and  116  W.  of  Bofton. 
It  has 23 5  houfes,  and  1416  inhabitants.. 

Bla^dford,  a  town  in  Prince 
George  CO.  Virginia,  about  4  miles  N. 
$:.  iv6m  Peterfl}urgh,  and  is  within  its 
jurifdiftipn.  It  contains  aoo  Iioufes 
and  lioo  inhabitants,  and  is  pleal'antly 
fituated  on  a  plain,  on  the  eaftem 
branch  of  Appamattox  R.  Hce  are 
many  large  ftor^s,  and  3  tobacco  ware- 
houi'cs,  u-hich  receive  annually  6  or 
7000  hhds.  It  is  a  thriving  place ;  and 
the  marflies  in  its  vicinity  being  now 
diaihed,  the  air  of  this  town,  and  that 
pf  Peterfljiirgh,  is  much  meliorated. 

Blas  St.  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  near  which, 
to  the  S.  E.  ftands  the  town  of  Com- 
poftclla,  in  the  province  of  Zalifca,  in 
New-Spain. 

Bledsoe  Lickt  in  the  (late  of  Te- 
pefl'ee,  lies  3a  miles  from  Big  Salt  Lick 
ganiibn,  and  36 from  Nafhv-lle. 

Blenheim,  a  new  town  of  New- 
York,  in  Schoharie  co.  incorporated  in 

Block  IJland^  called  by  the  Indians 
ManiJ'es,  hes  about  ai  miles  S.  S.  W. 
p{  Newport)  and   u  in  Newpprt  co. 


(tale  of  Rhftd«4fland.  It 
into  a  towniiipy  namtd  Nnv-SteM^ 
bam,  in  ii7a«  This  ifland  i«  46  milw 
in  length,  and  its  extreme  breadth  to' 
38  rniNM.  It  hat  68s  inhabitants,  ii^< 
cMing  47  flaws.  It  is  famou*  fdt 
cattle  and  flieep,  butter  and  chctAs 
round  th«  edge*  of  the  iQand  <Mk 
fiderable  quanties  of  cod  fifli  «« 
caught.  The  fouthem  pan  of  it  U  to 
N.  Tat.  41.  8. 

Blocklby,  a  townfliip  in  Philad^- 
phia  cp.  Pennfy'^ania. 

BLOOMriBLD,  a  townfliip  in  Onte. 
rio  CO.  Nevr- Yoric,  By  the  ftate  tm-- 
fus  of  1796,  i5tof  theinbabitantiwcfV 
ele6lprs.   .     .  _  _ 

Blopmino  r<e/!r,  a  tn&  of  land  lit ' 
the  townfliip  of  Manlius,   New- York 
ftate,  on  Butternut  Creek.     ' 

Blouht,  anew  cotmtyin  the  ftact 
of  TeneflTee. 

Blountsville,  inN.  Carolina,  It 
on  the  poft  road  from  Halifax  to  Ply- 
mouth, 49  miles  from  Plynunitb,  and 
55  frpm  Williamftown. 

Blvefields  Bay,  lies  S.  caftwaid 

of  Savannah-la-mar,   In  the  ifland  ef 

Jamaica,  having  good   anchorage  for 

J?rge  vefTcIs.     N.lat.  18.  io|.  W.long, 

'/«■ 

Blvehill,  a  fcwiifUip  in  Hancock 
co.Diftri6l  of  Ma>ne,on  the  W.  fide  of 
Union  R.  344  miles  N.  £.  of  Bofton* 
and  13  K.  of  Peiiobfcot  j  having  274 
inhabitants. 

Blue  Hill  Bay,  is  formed  by  Naf- 
keag  Point -on  the  W.  and  Mount  De- 
iart  I.  on  the  £.  It  extends  northerly 
up  to  a  mountain  on  the  £.  of  Penob- 
icot  R.  which,  from  its  appearance  at 
fea,  is  called  Blue  Hill.  Union  R. 
empties  into  this  bay. 

Blue  Hills,  a  range  of  mountains  ill 
New  England ;  whofe  firft  ridge  in 
New-Hamp(hire  palTes  thio'  Rochefter, 
Barringtun,  and  Nottingham. 

Blue  Mountains,  in  Northampton 
cw.  Pt-nnfylvaiiia,  extend  from  S.  W.  to 
N.  £.  and  a  fhort  way  acrofs  the  Delcu 
ware. 

Alfo,  a  range  of  mountains  which  run 
from  S.  E.  to  N.  W.  through  Surry 
CO.  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 

Blue  Rid^e.  The  firft  ridge  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountains,  in  Pennlylvauia 
and  Virginia,  is  called  the  Blue  Kidge ; 
and  is  about  1 30  miles  from  the  Atlan. 
tic.    It  is  about  4000  feet  high,  mea- 

faring 


4i  l^OH 

Avine  from  Iti  bafi; )  and  between  it 
and  the  North  Mountain  it  a  Urwt  kt- 
tile  vale.  The  paflage  of  the  Potow. 
mack  throtifirh  this  ridge  is  one  of  the 
moft  4upendous  fcenes  in  nature.  See 
AUtgkanj  Mountains^  and  Potowmack 
Mitfer. 

Blui  Licks,  on  the  main  branch  of 
Licking  R.  in  Kentucky,,  are  fituated 
about  8  miles  wefterly  from  the  Upper 
Blue  Licks.  Both  are  on  the  N.  ea(i:' 
cm  fide  of  the  river)  the  latttrr  it  about 
15  miles  N.  E.  of  Millers. 

BlLVU.  Spr'mgt  lies  between  Big  Bar- 
ren and! 'tili*  Barren  river,  S.  branches 
of  Green  R.  in  Mercer's  co.  Kentucky ; 
about  t»  miles  S.  \we(terly  from  Sul- 
phitrSprhig,  and  i^  S.  0^'  Craig's  fort, 
OD  the  N.  iide  of  Green  R. 

Blue  Stotus  Creek f  a  Tmali  wcikm 
branch  of  the  Great  Kaiih<tv/ay. 

'Bocca-Chic/.,  the  (trait  or  entrance 
into  the  harbour  of  Carthagena,  in  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America ;  defended  by  feve^ 
rol  forts  and  guns,  which  were  all  taken 
by  the  BritiHi  forces  in  1741. 

BoccA-DF.L-DRAGo,aftrait  between 
the  ifland  of  Trinidad  ^nd  Andalufia,  in 
the  province  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  Ame> 
rica. 

Bodwe'.lV  Falls,  in  Merrimack  R. 
lie  between  Anr^ovcr  ami  Methuen, 
about  $miles  below  Patvicket Falls.  A 
company  was  incorporated  in  Feb.  1 796, 
for  building  a  bridge  near  thiv  fpot ) 
between  the  two  dates  of  Madkchufetts 
and  Nevv-Hampniire. 

BoEUF,  Ley  a  place  in  the  N.  weft- 
em  cornrr  of  Peunrylv^nia,  at  the  head 
of  the  N.  branch  of  French  Creek,  ai.J 
50  miles  from  Fort  Franklin,  where 
tliis  Crcckb  joins  the  Alleghany ;  nita- 
fuiing  the  diftar.ce  by  water.  The 
Frtnch  foft  of  Le  Boeuf,  from  which 
the  place  has  it  name,  layabout  «  milts 
It"  from  Small  Luke,  which  is  on  the  N. 
braiirh  o^  French  Creek  j  and  from  Le 
Boeuf,  there  is  ;\  pottajjc  of  14.  miles 
Dorther'y  to  Prefque  Ifle,  in  Lake  Erie  j 
where  the  French  had  another  fort. 

From  Le  Boeuf,  to  Prclque  Ifle,  is  a 
continued  clieliiut- bottom  Iwamp  (ex- 
ccpt  for  about  one  mile  from  the  tcr- 
nitT,  and  two  from  ihe  latter)  and  the 
roatl  between  thele  two  places,  for  9 
mites,  1 5  years  ago,  was  made  with 
logs,  laid  upon  the  fwamp.  N.  lat. 
t^'j..  X.  W.  long.  79.  53.  lo. 

B<^U£MiAj  a  hroad,  navigable  river, 


BON 

TO  miles  long,  which  rum  W.  N.  Vf» 
info  Elk  Riverf  in  Maryland,  tt  mile* 
bek)w  Elkton. 

BoHio,a  river  of  Chili,inS.  America. 

BoLAiOLA,  one  of  the  Stdtty  IJUs, 
which  fee. 

BoLiNBROKB,  a  town  in  Talbot  co. 
eaftern  (hore  of  Maryland,  and  5  miles 
£.  of  Oxford:  It  lies  on  the  N.  W. 
point  of  Choptank  River. 

Bolton,  a  townlhip  in  Chittenden 
CO.  Vermont,  un  Onion  R.  about  J04 
miles  N.  N.  E.  from  Bennington,  hav» 
ing  88  inhabitants. 

Bolton,  a  f.ov/nfliip  In  Tolland  co. 
Connecticut,  incorpoiatedu)  1710;  anr^ 
wa-  iltllel  Irom  Weaihei'sfitiil,  Hart- 
ford,  and  Windlbr,  14.  nrles  £.  from 
Hartford. 

Bolton,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter 
CO.  MafTachufitts  {  18  miles  N.  E.. 
from  Worcefter,  and  h  W.  from  Boi". 
ton.  It  cuncains  S6i  inhabitants.—* 
There  is  a  hue  bed  of  limeftone  in  this 
town,  from  vhirn  cinfiderable  quanti< 
ties  ot  good  lime  are  made  yearly. 

BoMBARDE,a  fort  and  villageonthe 
north  peniitAila  of  St.  Domingo  Idand, 
about  3  leagues  N.  of  La  Plate  Forme  { 
6  S.  £,  of  the  Mol<^,  and  xs  from  Port 
de  Paix,  as  tlie  rnad  luns.  N.  lat. 
19.  4t. 

Bombay  Hook,»n  ifland  at  the  mouth 
of  Delaware  R.  about  8  miles  long  and 
%  broad,  formed  by  the  Delaware  on 
the  eaftern  fide,  and  Duck  Creek  and 
Little  Duck  Creek  on  the  Maiyland 
fide;  thefe  are  united  together  by  a 
natural  canal.  It  is  propoled  to  con- 
ned Delaware  R.  with  Chei'npeak  Bay, 
by  a  canal  from  Duck  Creek  to  that 
bay,  through  Chefter  R.  See  Chef'r 
Rivuf.  The  N.  W.  end  of  Bombay 
Hook  is  about  47  miles  from  Capes 
Htnlopen  and  May,  from  tlie  K  )ok  to 
Reedy  I.  is  9  m<lcs. 

Bombazine  RapLts,  o»i  a^iver,  in 
Lincoln  co.  Dillrid  of  Maine,  are 
navignblp  for  bo<its  with  fome  lading, 
ac  a  middling  pitdi  <  f  water.  They 
took  thtir  name  from  Bumbazire,  an 
Jndian  v/arrior,  who  was  Hain  by  the 
Engli/h  in  attempting  to  rrofs  the\n 

Bomba;(ine,  a  take,  7  or  8  miles 
longj  in  the  townflii.  :f  Caftleton,  R«t- 
/aiid  CO.  Vermont. 

Bonaire,  an  ifland,  almoft  unin- 
habited, on  the  coail  of  Vcnizuda,  in 
the  kingdom  of  T'evra  Firms,  about  44 

leagues 


*  V 


\    ^ 


:B  06 

.  iskteM  from  the  continent^  wM- 14  fi. 
of  Ciira9oa»  and  belongs  to  the  Dutch. 
It  U  about  iS  leagues  in  eor:r>^rt.  and 
hat  a  good  bay  and  road  uri  the  8^  W. 
fide,  near  the  ihiddle  of  the  ifland. 
Here  formerly  were  a  fcv^  hodfts,  tfnd 
a  fort  with  a  lew  Ibldlefe.  There  we^e 
alfo  5  or  6  Indian  families  who  planted 
maisetyams,  pJotatoes,&c.  There  irt 
plenty  of  cattle  and  goats,  which  the^ 
fend  falted  to  Cura^oa  annual  ly .-  There 
is  a  fait  pond  here,  where  the  Dutch 
tome  for  fait.  N.  lat.  i  s.  16.  Wi  long. 
68.  tSi 

BoNARi^Y's  Poini,  on  the  fouthern 
fide  of  Chalcur  Bay,  is  at  the  north-well 
extremity  of  Eel  river  cove,  and  forms 
the  Ibuth  limit  of  the  mouth  bf  Rifti. 
gouche  river. 

BoNAVBNTVRA,  «  bav,  harVour, 
knd  fort,  of  8;  America,  in  Papayan,  90 
miles  E.  of  Cali.  N.  lat.  3.  to.  W. 
long.  75.  18.  It  is  the  ftaple  port  of 
Can,  Papayan,  Sante  Fe^  &c. 

BoNAVENTUREj  on  the  northern  fide 
bf  Chaleur  Bay,  lies  about  3  leagues  from 
New.Carllfle,  which  is  now  called  Ha- 
milton: It  was  a  place  m  confiderable 
commerce,  but  is  now  declined. 

BbNAVtsTA,  Cape  and  Bof  (ft  li^  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Newfoundland  Ifland. 
The  cape  lies  in  N.  lat.  48.  15;  W. 
long  51;  %ii  and  was  difcovered  by 
John  Cahot,-  afid  his  fon  Sehaftian,'  in 
1497,  in  the  fervice  of  Henry  VII.  Icing 
of  England.  The  bay  is  formed  by 
this  cape  and  that  of  Cape  Precis,  1 5 
leagues  apart; 

BonHamtown,  in  MKIdlefex  co. 
New-Jerfey,  lies  about  6  miles  N.  E. 
from  New-Brunfwick. 

BoONE  Bay,  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of 
Newtbandland  I ;  21  leagues  N.  byE. 
of  St.  George's  Haibour.  14.  lat.  49.3 5. 

E  ^ONETON,  n.  fihall  pdft  town  in  SUC 
fex  CO.  New-Jerfey,  on  the  poft  road 
between  Rockaway  and  Suffex  court- 
houfe!  116  miles  from  Philadelphia.     . 

RooN  IJland,  on  tht  coaft  of  the 
Dirtrlft  of  Maini,  between  the  mouth 
of  York  R.  anr*  Cape  Neddock. 

BcoNst'ORbCGH,  in  Maddifon  eo. 
Kentucky,  lies  on  the  £.  fide  ol-  Ken- 
rucky  R.'  at  the  mo'jth  of  Otfer  Creek, 
30  miks  S.  E.  of  Lexington,  and  the 
fame  diltancc  N.  E.  from  Diiiville.  N, 
fat.  37.  S7. 

BooN'r  Creek,  a  fiiaall  N.  biMncbof 
Kentucky  R.    s 


B  O  8  'Qf9 

BooTk  Bayt  a  town'  and  bay  oh  thtt 
coaft  of  Lincoln  co.  Difiri£l  of  MaihieV 
in  N.  lat.  41.  4s.  about  %  miles  weft  of 
VtMix^M  Point.  The  bay  ftretches 
vvith'ih  th^  land  about  it  miles,  and  re- 
ceives two  fmall  ftreams.  On  It  is  m 
town,  having  997  inhabitants. 

B6p<;^Ai^,  or  M*^attt  Bay,  on  the 
£;  fide  ot  L.  Champlain,  is  fituatcd  in 
Swantown,  Vermont,  and  has  Hog  I.  ok 
the  N.  at  the  mouth  of  Michifcoui  R. 

Bo^BT  R.  paflcs  through  the  town 
of  Willfiliorough,  in  Clinton  co;  New- 
York,  and  is  navigable  for  boats  aboii't 
t  miles  f  and  is  there  interrupted  by 
falls,  on  which  are  mills.  At  this  place 
are  the  remains  of  an  entrenchment 
thrown  up  by  General  Burgoyne. 

BoRDENTOWfl,  a  ple&fant  town  in 
Burlington  co.  New-Jerl'ey,  is  fituated 
at  the  mouth  of  Crofswick*8  Creek,  on 
the  E.-  bank  of  a  great  bend  of  Delaware 
R. ;  6  miles  below  Tren'ton,'  9  N.  E; 
from  Burlington,  by  water,  and  i  s  by 
landi  and  94  miles  N.  E.  from  Phila>> 
delphia  i  and  through  this  town,  whitii 
contains  about  lOo  houfes,  a  line  of 
ftages  paflcs  from  New- York  to  Phila- 
delphia. The  fecond  divifion  of  Hef- 
fians  was  placed  in  this  town,  in  De- 
cember, 1776;  and  bv  (lie  road  lead- 
ing to  it,,ieo  men  of  that  nation  efcair- 
ed,  when  Geri.  Waflringtpri  farprilecl 
and  made  prifoners  of  88^  privates^ 
and  13  Heflfan  officers,  at  Trenton. 

B0R19UEN,  or  Crabs  Ifiand.  See 
Bieque. 

Boron B,  Lb,  a  town  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  northern  penin'fula  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  3  leagues  W. 
by  N;  of  Port  Margot,  and  8  E.  by  S. 
of  Port  de  Paix.     N.  lat.  19.  4.9. 

liORjA,  a  town  it\  Peru,  fituated  on 
the  head  waters  of  Amazon  River. 

BbRj  A,  a  town  in  Brazil,  on  the  S. 
eadern  bank  of  Uraguay  River.  S.  lat. 
29.  15.  W.  long.  5<r.  30. 

Boscawen,  a  townftiip  in  Hillfbo^. 
rough  CO.  New-Hampflrirej  on  theweft- 
ern  bank  of  Merrimack  R.  above  Con-. 
co^f  43  miles  N.  W.  of  Exeter,-  and 
38  S.  E.  oF  Dartmouth  College 5  hav- 
ing 1108  inhabitants.  Bofcawen  Hills' 
are  in  this  neighTiourhood. 

Boston,  the  capital  ofthe  fta'e  of 
Malfachufetts,  the  largeft  town  in  New- 
England,  and  the  third  in  fize  and  lank 
in  the  United  States,  lies  in  42.  23. 1 5* 
N.  lat.  and  70.  58.  53.  W. long.  This 
I>  tow^ 


4f 


_.v 


f*  ton 

ft»wnt  with  the  t«wn>  of  Hhighanii 
Chelfea  and  Hall,  ewftitute  tlie  county 
of  Siiflfolki  176  mika  S.  W.  of  Wif. 
caflct,  61  S.  by  W.  of  Portl'mouth, 
164  N.  £.  of  New>Hnven,  15*  N.  E. 
of  NtwYork,  347  N.E.  of  a  Philadel- 
phia, and  500  N.  E.  of  the  eitjr  of 
WafliUigton.  Bofton  it  built  upon  a 
|Kninliini  of  irregular  form  at  the  bot- 
toiti  of  Maftehufctts  Bay,  and  is  join- 
ed to  the  main  Jand  by  an  ifthmua  on 
the  (bttth  end  of  the  town  leading  to 
Koxbury.  It  !•  two  miles  lonir,  but  is 
of  unequal  breadth  {  the  broadcft  part 
U  7*6  yards.  The  peninfula  contains 
ftbout  700  acres  (other  acconntn  fay 
tooo)  on  which  are  a  3  76  dwelling 
bpufes.  The  nambcr  of  inhabitants  in 
S790wa«  18,03s,  but  the  increase  has 
hem  very  confiderable  fince.  The 
town  ia  interfefted  by  97  ftreetSf  36 
lanes,  and  *6  alleys,  hemes  1 8  couits, 
ttc.  moft  of  thefe  are  irregular,  and 
not  very  convenient.  State- ftrcet, 
Common-ftreet,  and  a  few  othera,  are 
exceptions  to  tliil  seneral  chara^lrr} 
Che  tormer  is  very  msidous,  and  being 
on  a  line  wkh  Long  wharf,  where  ftran- 
gers  uftuUy  land*  exhibita  a  flattering 
idea  of  the  town. 

Hefc  are  nineteen  edifices  for  public 
warflttp,  of  which  nine  are  for  Congre- 
gationalifts,  three  for  Epifcopaliaiis,  and 
two  for  Baptifts  j  the  Friends,  Roman 
Catholics,  Methodifts,  Sandemanians, 
and4Jniverralifts  have  one  each.  Moft 
of  thefe  are  ornamented  with  beautiful 
fjpiret,  with  clocks  xa'  bells.  The 
other  public  buildii^s  are  the  State- 
Houfe,  Coart-Houf'e,  two  Theatres, 
Concert  HaU,  Faneuil  Hall,  Gaol,  an 
Alms-Houl'e,  a  Work-Houfe,  a  Bride- 
well and  Powder  Magazine.  Franklin 
Place,  adjoining  Fcderal-ftreet  Theatre, 
is  a  great  ornament  to  the  town;  it 
contains  a  monument  of  Dr.  Franklin, 
from  whom  it  takes  its  name,  and  is 
cncompaifixl  on  two  (ides  with  build- 
ings, which,  ia  point  of  elegance,  arc 
not  exceeded,  perhaps,  in  the  United 
States.  Here  are  kept  in  capacious 
rooms,  given  and  fitted  up  for  the  pur- 
poie,  the  Bofton  Library,  and  the  valu- 
able Colle£Vions  of  the  Hiftorical  Society. 
Moft  of  the  public  buildings  are  hand- 
forae,  and  fome  of  them  are  elegant. 
Aroapuficent  State-Houfe  is  now  ett&- 
SB^  in  Bofton,  on  the  S.  Ade  of  Beacon 
fiill,  fronting  the  Mall,  the  comer  ftone 


of  which  was  laid  with  great  f«rmdit^ 
and  parade  011  tlie  4th  of  Julyy  179^} 
and  which  overtop*  the  monument  on 
Beacon  Hill. 

The  Market  Place,  in  which  Pancuil 
HaU  is  fituatcd,  i>  fupplied  with  all 
kinds  of  proviiions  which  the  country 
affbrda.  The  fifli  market  inparticulary 
by  the  bounteous  fvppliet  of  the  ocean 
and  rivers,  not  only  himiibea  the  rich 
with  the  rareft  proouAion*)  but  often 
provides  the  poor  with  a  cheap  and 
grateful  repaft. 

Bofton  Harbour,  is  formed  by  Point 
AUerton  on  the  S.  and  by  NahanC 
Point  on  the  N.  The  harbour  is  capa- 
cious enough  for  joo  veflel*  to  ride  at 
anchor  in  good  depth  of  water )  whilft 
the  entrance  i»  (o  narrow  as  fcarcely 
to  admit  two  ftiips  abreaft.  It  it  va« 
ricked  with  about  forty  iflands,  of 
whKh  fifteen  only  can  be  properly 
called  fo  ;  the  others  being  fmall  rocka 
or  banks' of  land,  flightly  covered  with 
verdure.  Thefe  iflands  aiibrd  excellent 
pafturaee,  hay  and  grain*  and  fumifti 
agreeable  places  of  refoit  in  fummer  to 
partie*  ot  pleafure.  Caftle  Ifland  is 
about  three  miles  from  the  town;  its 
fortifications,  formerly  called  Caftle 
Willianr*  defend  the  entrance  of  the 
harbour.  It  is  ganrifoncd  by  about  50 
foldiers,  who  Icrve  as  a  gusird  for  the 
convifls^  who  are  fent  here  to  hard 
labour.  The  conviAs  are  chiefly  em* 
ployed  in  making  nails. 

The  Ligltt-Houfe  ftands  on  a  fmaU 
ifland  on  the  N.  entrance  of  the  chan» 
nel,  (Point  Alderton  and  Nantaflcet 
Heights  being  on  the  S.)  and  is  about 
65  feet  high.  To  fteer  for  it  from  Cape 
Cod,  the  courfe  is  W.  N.  W.  when 
within  one  league  of  the  Cape }  fiom 
Cape  Cod  to  the  Light-Houle  is  about 
16  leagtues  f  from  Cape  Ann  the  courfe 
is  S^  W.  iliftant  10  leagues.  A  cannon 
is  lodged  and  monnt^  at  the  Light 
Houfe  to  anlwer  fignals. 

Only  feven  of  the  iflands  in  the  bay 
are  within  the  juril'di^liun  of  the  town^ 
and  taxed  with  it,  viz.  Noddle's,  Hog, 
Long,  IXer,  Spectacle,  Governor's  and 
Apple  Iflands. 

The  whatves  and  quays  b  Bofton 
are  about  eighty  in  number,  and  vetf 
convenient  fur  vefl«:ls.  Long  Whair, 
or  Bofton  Pier,  in  particular,  extendi 
'  from  the  bottom  at  State- ftteet  1743 
feet  into  the  kubour  in  aAraight  line. 


BOS 

*tht  breftdth  U  104  fieet.  At  the  end 
■re  17  feet  of  water  at  ebb  tidek  Ad' 
joining  to  this  wharf  on  the  north  ii  a 
ronvcnient  wharf  pA\«d  Minot's  T, 
from  the  name  of  its  former  proprietor 
«nd  it«  form.  VclTeU  are  fupplied  here 
with  frefli  water  from  a  well  fiiirounded 
by  fait  water,  which  hae  been  dug 
at  a  great  expence.  Long  Wharf  i« 
coverra  on  the  north  fide  with  Urge 
and  conunodioui  ftorei,  and  in  every 
refpeft  exceeds  any  thing  of  the  kind 
in  the  United  States.  In  February, 
I79<,  a  company  was  incorporated  to 
cut  a  canal  oetween  this  harbour  and 
Roxbury,  which  is  nearly  completed. 
The  view  of  the  town  as  it  is  ap> 

{•roached  from  the  fea,  is  truly  beauti- 
ill  and  piilurefque.    It  lies  in  a  circu- 
lar and  pleaHngly  iri'egular  form  round 
the  harbour,  and  is  ornamented  with 
fbires,  above  which  the  monument  of 
Beacon  Hill  rifes  pre-eminent  %  on  its 
top  is  a  gilt  eagle  bearing  the  arms  of 
the  Union,  ancTon  (he  bafe  of  the  co- 
lumn are  infcriptions,  commemorating 
fome  of  the  moll  remarkable  events  of 
the  late  war.    Beacon  hill  is  the  high, 
eft  ground  on  the  peninfula,   and  af> 
fords  a  mod  delightful  and  extenHve 
profpefl.     The  Common  below  it  con> 
tains  about  45  acres  always  open  to 
retrefliincr  breezes;  on  its  eaft  Hde  is 
the  Mall,  a  very  pieafant  walk  above 
500  yards  iii  length,  adorned  with  rows 
of  trees,  to  which  an  addition  of  about 
100    yards    has    been    lately    added. 
Charles  River  and  Well  Bufton  bridges 
are  highly  ufcful   and   oi-namental  to 
Bodon )  and  both  at«  on  Charles  River, 
which  mingles  its  waters  with   thofe 
of  Myflic  River,   in  Bofton  harbour. 
Charles  River  bridge  conuefls  Bofton 
with  Charlellown  in  Middlefex  county, 
and  is  1503  feet  long,  4.1  feet  broad, 
ftands  on  75  piers,  and  coll  the  fubl'cri- 
bers  50,000  dollars.  It  was  opened  June 
19,  1787. 

Feet  long. 
Weft  Bofton  ViJge  ftands  on 

180  piers,  is  3483 

Bridge  over  the  gore,  14  piers,      275 
Abutment  Bofton  fide,  87I 

Caufeway,  J34 

Diftatice  from  the  end  of  the 
Caufeway  to  Cambridge 
meeting-houle,  7810 

idth  of  the  Bridge,  40 

.  Tklit  be:iutif^l  bridge  exceeds  the  { 


ioi 


» 


other  St  nracli  th  elegance  al  In  Idkgfli^ 
•nd  coft  the  Aibfcribcrs  7^,700  dolian* 
Both  bridses  have  draws  for  the  ad* 
midion  or  veflels,  and  lamps  for  tht 
benefit  of  evening  paflcngers. 

Seven  Free  Schools  are  Aipported 
here  at  the  public  expence,  in  which 
the  children  of  every  clalii  of  cititent 
may  freely  aflbciate  together.  Th« 
number  of  fcholars  is  computed  at 
about  900,  of  which  160  arc  taught 
Latin*  Ssc.  There  are  bcfidcs  theft 
msmy  private  fchools. 

Ine  principal  focicties  in  the  Com* 
monwealth  hold  their  meetings  in  thif 
town,  and  are,  the  Marine  Society^ 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sci« 
encei,  Maflachufetts  Agricultural  Sor 
ciety,  MnflQichuretts  Charitable  Society^ 
Bofton  Epifcopal  Charitable  Society^ 
Maftachuletts  Hiftorical  Society,  So- 
ciety for  propagating  the  Gofpel,  MaT- 
lachufetts  Congregational  Society,  Me* 
dical  Society,  Humane  Society,  Bofton 
Library  Society,  Bofton  Mechanic  AT* 
fociation.  Society  for  the  aid  of  Emi- 
grants, Charitable  Fire  Society,  an^^ 
A:ven  refpeflable  Lodges  of  free  tad 
accepted  Mafons. 

The  foreign  and  domeftic  trade  of 
Bofton  is  very  confiderable,  to  fupport 
which  there  are  three  Banks,  viz.  the 
Branch  of  the  United  States  Bank,  the 
Union,  and  the  Maflachufetts  Bank| 
the  latter  confifts  of  800  fliares  of  coo 
dollars,  equal  to  400,000 }  the  capital 
of  the  Union  Bank  is,  i,aoo,ooo  dollars* 
400,000  of  which  i«  the  property  of  the 
State. 

In  1748,  500  veflels  cleared  out  of 
this  port  for,  and  430  were  entered 
from,  foreign  parts.  In  1784,  the  en- 
tries of  foreign  and  coaliing  veflelt 
were  372,  and  the  clearances  450.  Ii| 
1794,  the  entries  from  foreign  ports 
were  567.  In  1795,  thefe  entries 
amounted  to  725,  of  which  the  fliips 
were  91S,  barques  3,  fnows  9,  polacre  i* 
brigs  185,  dogger  i,  fcluMmers  362, 
flialiop  I,  and  floops  65.  The  princi- 
pal manufaflures  confilt  of  rum,  loaf- 
liigar,  beer,  fail-clodi,  cordage,  wool 
and  cotton  cards,  playing  cards,  pot 
and  pearl  aflies,  paper  hangings,  hats, 
plate,  glafs,  tebacco^^-and  chocolate. 
There  aie  thirty  diftilleries,  two  brew- 
eries, eight  fugar  houles,  and  ekvcn 
ropewalks. 
£ight  years  ago,  the  Inlrrcourfe  with 

Pa  the 


P  B  O  t 

th*  cttmliy  birtly  ttqiiirtd  ttm  ftagei 
•ad  tVirclVt  horfetf  oo  the  gntit  road 
iMtwccn  this  ind  New-Havcn»  dillant 
1A4  Miles  i  whereas  there  are  now 
%t  carriaeei  ilml  iro  horfcs  employed. 
T)ie  number  of  the  different  ftages  that 
ran  tht<Migh  the  week  from  this  town  is 
ut>wards  of  «ot  eight  years  ago  there 
*rere  only  three. 

Attempts  have  been  made  to  chanp 
the  government  of  the  town  from  its 
preftnt  form  to  that  of  a  city )  but  this 
meafure,  not  according  with  the  demo- 
cratic fpirit  of  the  people,  has  as  yet 
ftiled.  At  an  artnual  meeting  in  March, 
table  SeleAmen  are  chofen  for  the  ^- 
vemmefit  of  the  town ;  at  the  fame  time 
ft  rcchoftH  a  Town  Clerk,  a  TreaAirer, 
tt  Overfeers  of  the  Poor,  «4  Fire- 
<*ards.  It  Clerks  of  the  Market,  li 
Scavengers,  la  Conftables,  befides  a 
nmnber  of  other  officers.  If  the  inha- 
bitiints  do  not  reap  all  the  advant'.jes 
th^  have  a  right  to  expeft  from  iheir 
numerous  officers,  it  is  not  for  want 
of  wholefome  laws  for  the  regulation 
of  the  weights,  meafurcs  and  quality 
of  provifions,  or  othrr  branches  of  po- 
lice, but,  hitaufe  tit  lanus  are  not  put 
M  mtattion, 

Befides  thofe  called  Trained  Bands, 
there  are  four  other  military  companies 
in  Bofton,  viz.  the  Ancient  and  Ho- 
nolirable  Artillery  Company,  the  Cadets, 
Fufileers  and  Artillery.  The  Ancient 
and  Honourable  Artillery  Company 
was  incorporated  in  11638,  and  the  elec- 
tion of  a  captain  and  officers  of  it  for 
the  year  is  on  the  fiift  Motidav  in  June 
annually,  which  is  obferved  here  as  a 
day  of  feftivify.  Several  officers  in  the 
American  aimy,  who  fignalized  them- 
felves  in  the  late  war,  received  their 
firlft  knowledge  of  taAics  in  this  mili- 
tary frhool. 

fioflion  was  ivttled  as  early  as  1631, 
from  Charleftown ;  it  was  called  Shau- 
tnut  by  the  Indians  j  Tnmoontain  by 
the  fettlci's  in  Charleftown,  from  the 
view  of  its  three    hills;    and  had  its 

Srefent  naiVie  in  token  of  refpfiEl  to  the 
lev.  Mr.  Cotton,  a  minifter  of  Boftnn 
in  England,  And  afterwards  minittcr  of 
the  firft  church  her';.  Botton  was 
matly  damaged  by  an  earthquake  in 
Ofto!)er  49,  J1737,  and  fince  that  time 
has  fuffered  feveiely  by  numerous  fires, 
tli:  houfes  being  moftly  built  of  wood. 
The  iaft  large  fire  happened  July  30, 


BO  U 

1704,  tnd  eondimed  96  houfta,  ropjM 
walka,  ^c.  and  the  account  of  loflwa 
given  In  by  the  fufferers  amoonted  t« 
109,^61  dollars. 

It  was  in  Bofton  that  the  Revolution 
originated  which  gave  independence  to 
America,  and  from  thence  flew  like 
an  elcArical  (hock  throughout  tht 
Union.  It  fliifered  much  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war,  by  the  lofs  of 
an  extenfive  trnde,  and  other  ealamitiea. 
Bofton  feels  a  pride  in  haviiiar  given 
birth  to  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  a  num- 
ber of  other  patriots,  who  were  among 
the  moft  aftive  and  influential  charac- 
ters in  effe£ling  the  revolution. 

Boston  Corner,  a  traA  of  land  ad- 
joining; Mount  Wafliington,  Berkfliirt 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  containing  67  inha* 
bitants. 

Boston,  New,  a  townfliip  in  Hillf- 
borough  CO.  New-Hampfhire,  contain- 
ing not  inhabitants}  is  miles  S.  W. 
by  W.  from  Amulkeag  Falls }  60  miles 
W.  of  Portfinouth,  and  a  like  diftance 
N.  W.  of  Bofton. 

Botetourt,  a  county  in  Virginia** 
on  the  Blue  Ridge,  W.  of  which  are 
the  Sweet  Springs,  about  41  miles  from 
the  Warm  Springs.    Its  chief  town  if 
Fincaftle. 

Bcttlehill,  a  village  in  Somerfet 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  1  miles  N.  W.  from 
Chatham,  and  15  N.  W.  of  Elizabeth- 
town. 

BOUDoiti,  Lb,  a  fmall  ifland  in  die 
Pacific  Ocean,  S.  lat.  17.  51.  W.  long, 
from  Paris,  15.25.  difcovercd  April  a, 
1768,  by  Bovigainville.  This  ifland,  the 
year  before,  had  been  difcovered  by 
Wallis,  and  named  Ofnaburg.--The 
natives  call  it  Maitea,  ace  'din^  to 
the  report  of  Capt.  Cook,  \  o  vifited 
it  in  1769.  Quiros  dilcovcred  this 
ifland  in  1 606,  and  called  it  la  Dexana. 
See  Ofnaburg, 

BouoAiNViLLE^s  Straits,  are  at  the 
N.  W.  end  of  the  ifles  of  Solomon. 

Bougie  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  North 
Carolina,  between  Cure  Sound  and  J  <t- 
tle  Inlet. 

BouNPBROOK,  a  village  inSomerfet 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  on  the  N>  bank  of 
Rariton  River, 

Bourbon,  a  county,  laid  out  and 
organized  in  the  year  1785,  by  the 
State  of  Georgia,  in  the  fouth-weft 
corner  of  the  State,  9n  the  Miffi- 
fippi,  including  the  Natchez  country. 

The 


10  Y 

tlie  Uiwi  of  Ocorgit  were  nemr  carried 
Into  effeA  in  this  county,  and  it  hut 
beca  wndtrlbe  jurifdiAion  of  the  Spa- 
niard! fince  their  conqucft  of  this  pan 
of  the  coiintij  in  i7to,  till  It  was 
given  up  to  the  United  States  by  the 
treaty  ot  1795.  The  law  of  Georgia, 
cftabiifliinff  the  county  of  Bourbon, 
is  now  in  firce.    See  Louifiana. 

Bourbon  Fort,  in  the  tfiand  of 
Martinico,  in  the  Weft-Indies. 

Bourbon  Co.  in  Kentucky, between 
Licking  and  Kentucky  rivers,  con- 
tains 7837  inhabitants,  including  908 
ilaves. 

Bourbon,  a  poft  town  and  capital 
of  the  above  county,  ftands  on  a  point 
.  of  land  formed  by  two  of  the  fouthern 
branches  of  Licking  R.;  »x  miles  N. 
E.  oi  Lexington,  ti  eafterly  of  Leba- 
non, and  749  w.  S.  W.  from  Philadel- 
phia, and  contains  about  60  houlVs,  a 
Baptift  church,  a  court-houft  and  eaol. 
There  are  li;veral  valuable  mills  in  its 
vicinity. 

Boiy,  is  a  townflilp  in  Rockingham 
eo.  New-Hampfliire,  on  the  W.  t>ank 
-of  Merrimack  R.a  little  S.  of  Concord. 
53  milesfiomPortrmoutlf.  It  contains 
568  inhabitants. 

BowDOiN,  a  townlhip  in  Lincoln 
eo.  diftri£l  of  Maine,  on  the  N.  eaftern 
bank  of  Androfcoggin  R. }  diftant  from 
York  N.  eafterly,  36  miles,  and  from 
the  mouth  of  Kennebeck  R.  6  miles, 
and  166  N.E.  ofBofton.  It  contains 
983  inhabitants. 

BowDOiNHAM,  a  townlhip  in  Lin- 
coin  CO.  diftrift  of  Maine,  feparated 
from  Pownalborough  E.  and  Wool- 
wich S.  £.  by  Kennebeck  R.  It  has 
4-55  inhabitants,  and  lies  171  miles  N. 
£.  fromBofton. 

Bowling  Greeny  a  village  in  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  poft  road,  as  miles  S.  of 
Frederickftiurg,  48  N.  of  Richmond, 
and  15  N.  ot  Hanover  court-houfe. 

Boxborough,  a  townftiip  in  Mid- 
dlefex  CO.  MaiTachufetts,  containing 
4.11  inhabitants }  30  miles  N.  W.  from 
Bofton. 

BoxvoRD,  a  fmall  townlhip  'n  P.iTex 
CO.  Maflachuletts,  having  91,  >  .  in^bi- 
tants.  It  lies  on  the€.  E.  fide  of  Mer- 
fimack  R.  7  miles  wefterly of  Newbury- 
port.  In  the  fouthemraoft  of  its  two 
parifties  is  a  bloomery. 

BorisTON,  a  townfhip  in  Worcef- 
tcr  CO.  MaOiichufctta,  having  S39  In- 


•  R  A  a 

habttuitai  le  milca  N.  B.  of  Worcef- 
ter,  and  45  N.  W  of  Bofton.  It  wm 
incorporated  in  17I6,  having  been  • 
parilh  of  Shrewfbnry  (inee  174%  |  and 
contains  by  ftirvey,  14,39c  acres  of 
land,  well  watered,  and  of  a  rich  foil* 

BozRAH,  a  town  in  New- London 
CO.  Connecticut,  fbrmeily  a  pariili  fai 
the  town  of  Norwich,  36  milca  B.  fran 
Hartford. 

BRADDOCR'i  FitJd,  the  olace  where 
Ocn.  Braddock,  with  \\\9  nrft  divifion 
of  his  army,  confifting  of  1400  menf 
fell  into  an  ambufcaJe  of  400  men, 
chiefly  Indians,  bv  whom  be  wu  de- 
feated and  mortally  wounded,  July  9, 
i75$>  The  American  militia^  who 
were  difdainfully  turned  In  the  rear, 
continued  unbroken,  and  ferved  as  a 
rear  guard,  and,  under  Col.  WaOiing- 
ton,  the  latePrefident  of  thcU.  S.  A. 
prefirrved  the  regxilars  from  being  en« 
tirely  cut  off.  It  is  fituated  on  Turtle 
Creek,  on  the  N.  E.  bank  of  Monon- 

fahela  R.  (  miles  E.  8.  E.  from  Piltf- 
urg. 

BraddockV  Btfy,  on  the  S.  fide  of 
Lake  Ontario,  4a  milea  W.  from  Great 
Sodus,  and  65  E.  from  Fort  Niagan. 

Bradford, £«/:  ivAWefittxt  town- 
(hips  inChefterco.  Pennfylvania. 

Bradpord,  a  townlhip  in  EflTcx  co. 
MaiTachufetts,  fttuated  on  the  S.  fide 
of  Merrimack  R.  oppofite  Haverkil), 
and  10  miles  W.  of  Newbuiy  port.  It 
has  two  parilhes,  and  1371  inhabitants. 
Quantities  of  leather  flioes  are  mmle 
here  tor  exportation  {  and  in  the  low-, 
er  parifh  I'ome  veflels  are  built.  Seve- 
ral ftreams  fall  into  the  Merrimack 
from  this  town,  which  fupport  a  num- 
ber of  mills  of  various  kinds. 

Bradford,  a  townfliip  in  Hillflio- 
rough  CO.  New-Hampfliire,  containing 
117  inhabitants,  incorporated  in  1760  { 
sc-  miles  E.  of  Charleftown. 

Bradford,  a  townlhip  in  Orange 
CO.  Vermont,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Con- 
necticut R.  about  lo-miles  above  Dart- 
mouth College,  havinK654  inhabitants. 
There  is  a  remarkable  ledge  of  rocks 
in  this  townfliip, -as  much  as  aoo  feetv 
high.  It  appears  to  hang  over,  and 
threaten  the  traveller  as  he  pafles.  The 
fpace  between  this  ledge  and  ConneAi- 
cut  River  is  fcarcely  wide  enough  for  « 
road. 

Braoa,  Ha,  now  F<Ht  Dauphin,  In 
tbciflandofCuba.  -.     . 

D  s  Braintru 


* 


14 


BRA 


Ba^MTltKf ,  «  townlhipin  Onmge 
jCO.  Vennon»,  lie*  75  milei  If.  nftward 
jof^ttanngton.  It  joint  Kingftoniweft- 
•wwn),  Ritiulolph  on  the  eaftward,  and 
contains  1*1  inhabitant*. 

^K<.iNTREE,  one  of  the  moft  ancient 
tiKvolhiL )  in  Norfollc  co.  in  the  ftate 
of  Mmachufetts,  was  fettled  in  16*5, 
W)4  tlien  called  Mount  H^aolajlea,  fron> 
the  name  of  lis  founder.  It  lies  on  a 
bay,  8  milvi  E.  of  S.  from  Bofton,  and 
contained)  before  itfd>vilion,40ohoufcs 
wvi  »77i  inhabitant*.  Great  quanti- 
tie*  of  granite  ftonet  are  fcnt  to  fiofton 
Jiram  this  town  for  fale.  The  bay 
abounds  with  filh  and  Tea  fowl,  and 
paiticulaiiy  brantu  This  town  is  noted 
lor  having  produced,  in  former  and  lat- 
ter timtsi  the  Aril  cliaiaAers  both  in 
church  aiKlCate}  and,  in  diftant  ages, 
will  derive  Vo  fmall  degite  of  fams,  for 
having  givso  birth  to  JoH|i  Adams, 
the  ftrft  Vice-P)efident,  and  the  lecond 
Prelident  of  the  Vntid  Statts  tf  Ante- 
ricm\  a  msii..  highly  diftinguifiied  for 
his  patriotifm,  a*  a  citizen ;  hit  ji  H^'e, 
Integrity,  and  talents,  as  a  lawyer }  his 
yrotoun^  and  extenfive  erudition,  as  a 
writer)  and  hi*  difcsmment,  Armnefs, 
and  fuccii's,  as  »  frmgn  mlnifter  and 
ftatefman. 

Brandon,  a haiiboar  on  the  N.  fide 
«f  |<ong  I(Und,  New. York,  9  miles  W. 
of  $mithtown,  and  the  (ame  diAsnce 
J^jm.Hanipftead  Plain. 

Brandon,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland 
CO.  Vermont,  fituated  on  both  iide*  of 
Otter  Cretk,  containing  637  inhabit- 
ants, and  is  about  60  miles  northerly 
$rom  Bennington.  Here  Brandon  Creek 
cffuties  •'  to  Otter  Ci%ek  from  theh\£. 

fiaANi'VPoTS,  are  iiles  fo  calkd, 
ia  th<!  river  St.  Lawrence,  40  kagues 
below  Quelwc. 

jlKANDX^wiNE  Crukt  falhintoChrif- 
tiU'ia  Creek  from  the  noi  thward,  at 
Wilminuton,  in  Delaware  ftate,  about 
95  miles  from  its  N>  and  N.  weftern 
fiitirces,  which  both  rife  in  ChelVer  co. 
]*cnn(ylvania.  This  Creek  is  fame*  s 
iov  t  bloody  baaie,  fought  Sept.  11, 
3777,  between  the  Britift  and  Ameri- 
CIUI8)  which  laftcd  nearly  the  whoL- 
<lay,  and  the  latt«r  were  defeated  with 
confiderable  iofs  t  but  it  was  far  from 
being  of  that  deciiive  kind  which  peo- 
ple had  be:;n  led  to  expert,  in  the  event 
«f  a  m';iing  i)etwcen  tin  hoitilc  ar- 
nuM,  ou  nearly  equal  tomVa  both  u  to 


munbers,  and  the  nature  «t  tite  gfetml 
on  which  each  army  was  fituatw.  It 
was  tought  It  Chadd's  Ford,  a«d  in  tlia 
neighbourhood  of,  and  on,  tli*  ^rong 
grounds  at  Birmingham  church*  Set 
tMofuiartt  for  an  account  qf  f  he  cel«» 
brated  mill*  on  thi*  creek. 

BjtANDYWiNB,  a  townfliip  in  dm* 
ter  CO.  Pcnnfylvania. 

Branfoio,  a  townfliip  in  New- Ha. 
ven  CO.  onncAicut,  craifiderablc  i«r 
its  iron  work*.  It  lies  on  the  S.  iide 
of  a  river  of  the  fame  aaine,,  which 
runs  intoL^ng  Ifland  Sound,  10  mjlek 
£.  from  New-Haven,  and  40  S.  of 
Hartford. 

BaAss  d'Or,  called  alfo  labraJm^^ 
a  lake  which  forms  into  arms  and 
branches,  in  the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton^ 
or  Sidney,  and  opens  an  eafy  commu., 
nication  with  all  parts  of  th^  ifland. 
Seefr«/M,  Cafe. 

Brass  Ifiami,  one  of  the  fmaller  Vir* 
gin  iflanda,  fituated  near  the  N<  W. 
end  of  St.  Thomas's  Ifland,  on  which 
it  is  dependent. 

Brass  T*<u'«,  in  the  Sate  of  Ten. 
neflee,  is  fituated  on  the  bead  water* 
of  Hiwaflee  R.  about  100  miles  fouth. 
eriy  from  Knoxville.  Two  miles  S. 
from  this  town,  is  the  Enchont(d  Moute^ 
taittt  much  famed  for  the  curiofities  oh 
its  rocks.    See  Enchanted  Mountain* 

Brattlbbqroucu,  a  confidtTabla 
townfliip  and  poft  town,  in  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  having  1 589  inhatiitants ; 
on  tise  W.  bank  of  Conne£licut  R. 
about  a 8  miles  £.  of  Bennington,  61  N. 
of  Springfiekl,  in  Mafiachufetts,  aid 
311  from  Philadelphia.    N.  lat.  41.  $%• 

Brazil,  or  fir<^,  comprehends  all 
the  Portuguefe  fetttements  m  America, 
and  is  fituated  between  tlie  equator  and 
35.  S.  lat.  and  between  35.  and  60  W. 
long.  \  and  is  in  length  2,500  miles, 
and  in  breadth  709  miles.  Bounded 
by  the  mouth  of  the  river  Amazon, 
and  the  Atlantic  ocean  on  the  N  ;  by 
the  .fame  ocean  on  the  E.;  by  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Plata,  S ;  and  by 
morafles,  lakes,  torrents,  rivers,  and 
mountains,  which  fcparate  it  from  Ama- 
zonia and  the  S)>antfli  pofll-fTions,  on 
the  \^'.  It  ^las  threi  grand  diviiions.'-.* 
I.  The  norihern  contains  8  province* 
or  captainfliips,  viz.  Para,  Marignan, 
Siara,  Petagues,  Rio  Grande,  Payraba, 
Tamaraf  and  Pernambiico.  a.  The 
middle  divi&Mi— j  captainfliips,  ^  viz, 

Scrcgippe, 


• 


IX  A 

«eiW|ppe,  Bthia,  or  the  l^iv  of  AU 
6aint«,  Ifteof»  Porto  Scguro,  and  Spi- 
riH>  SanAo.  3.  The  ibutheni  divifion 
m»"i  capUttndi'iM,  viz.  Rio  Janeiro,  St. 
Vinctnt,  and.  Dei  Rey.  The  number 
of  confiderable  cities  are  16)  of  thefe, 
St.  Salvadore,  in  the  Bay  of  All  Saints, 
is  the  chief,  md  is  the  capital  of  Brazil ; 
the  fecond  in  rank  is  Rid  de  Janeiro. 

On  the  coaft  are  three  fmall  illahdsj 
where  ihips  touch  for  provifions  on 
their  voyage  to  the  South  Seas,  viz.  Fet- 
«»ndo,  St.  Barbaro,  and  fit.  Cathcrin«*«. 
The  bays,  harbours,  and  rivers,  are  the 
harbours  of  Pernambuco,  All  Saints, 
Porto  Seguro,  the  port  and  harbour  of 
Riode  Janeiro,  the  port  of  St.  Vincent, 
the  harbour  of  St.  Gabriel,  and  the  port 
of  St.  Salvadore,  on  the  N.  (hore  of  the 
river  La  Plata. 

The  climate  of  Brazil  is  tetnperate 
«nd  milii,  when  compared  with  that  of 
Africa ;  owing  chiefly  to  the  refrelbing 
iwind,  which  blows  continually  from 
th^  ijba.  The  air  is  not  onlv  cool,  but 
chiQy  dctring  the  night,  fo  that  the  na- 
tives  kutdlc  a  fire  every  evening  in  their 
huts.  The  rivers  in  this  coimtiy  an- 
Itually  overflow  their  banks,  and'  like 
the  Nile  leave  a  fort  of  flime  upon  the 
lands }  and  the  foil  is  in  many  places 
amazingly  rich.  '''He  vegetable  pro- 
du£fions  are,  India.,  ^m,  liigar  canes, 
tobacco,  indigo,  balfam,  iperacuantha, 
1»razil  wood.  The  laft  is  of  A  red  co- 
lour, hard  and  dry  j  and  is  chiefly  ufed 
fn  dying,  but  not  the  red  of  the  befl 
kind.  Here  is  alio  the  yellow  fultic,  of 
ufe  in  dying  yellow,  and  a  beautiful 
kind  of  ipeckieid  wood  ul'ed  in  cabinet 
work.  Here,  are  five  diftVrent  forts  of 
palm  tiees,  curious  ebony,  and  a  great 
variety  of  cotton  trees.  Thiv  country 
abounds  in  hoiried  cattle,  which  are 
hunted  for  their  hides  only,  10,000  be- 
ing fent  annually  to  Europe.  There  h 
great  plenty  of  deer,  hares  and  otbrf 
game.  Belides  the  hcafts  commv-Mi  in 
the  neighbouring  parts  of  t*"  j  continent, 
are  janouveras,  and  a  ..erce  anims^) 
fomewhat  like  a  grey.hpiind,  the  topi- 
raflb)i,  a  creature  betiyeen  a  bull  and 
and  nfs,  but  without  hqrns,  and  entirely 
harmlefs,  the  flefli  is  very  good,  and  has 
the  fUvour  of  beef.  The  remarkable 
birds  are  the  h^mir  j  bird ;  the  lankU 
mt,  Ibmetimes  called  the  unicorn  bint, 
fixMn  its  having  a  horn,  1  or  3  in-.hes 
long,  growing  out  of  iti  forchcaii  {die 


BRA  i$ 

guini,  fameus  for  chanpng  itt  colour 
often,bcing  flrft  black,  then  a(h  colovredt 
next  white,  aifterwardo  fcarlet,  and  laft 
ofalUrimfoni  which  colours  grow  deep» 
er  and  richer  the  longer  the  bird  Uves» 
Of  flfli,  there  is  one  called  the  globe 
fifli,  fo  called  from  its  form,  which  h 
ib  befet  with  fpikes  like  a  hcdgehogt 
that  it  bids  defiance  to  all  fifli  of  prey. 
Brazil  bMcds  a  variety  of  ferpents  aad 
vcaomons  creatures,  among  which  arc 
the  Indian  falaraander,  a  four  .leaged 
inCe&,  whofe  fting  is  mortal ,  the  ibiva- 
boca,  a  fpecies  of  ferpent,  about  7  yards 
long,  and  a  half  yaiu  in  circumference, 
whofe  poifbn  is  inftantaneoufly  fatal  j 
the  rattlefnake  attains  there  an  enor- 
mous fize;  the  liboyd,  or  roebuck 
liiake,  which  authors  lay  are  capable  of 
Iwallowiqg  a  roebuck  whole  with  his 
horns,  being  between  so  and  30  feet  in 
l-^ngth,  and  fix  foet  in  circumference* 
There  is  a  numberlefs  variety  of  fowlg 
wild  and  tame  in  this  country^ 

The  trade  of  Braui  is  very  great,  and 
increafes  every  year.  They  import  as 
many  as  40,000  neg;roes  annually.  The 
exports  of  Brazil  are  diamonds,  gold, 
fugar,  tobaccc,  hides,  drugt,  and  medi- 
circs;  and  they  receive  in  return, 
woolen  goods  of  all  kinds,  linens,  laces, 
filks,  hats,  lead,  (in,  pewter,  coppers 
iron,  beef,  2nd  clieefe.  They  alfo  re- 
ceive from  Madeira,  a  great  quantity  of 
wine,  vinegar  and  brandy;  and  ironi 
the  Azores,  ^.  s|«ooo  wofth  pf  Other 
liquors. 

The  gold  and  diamond  mines  are 
bist  a  recent  difcovery  {  they  were  fyia 
opened  in  1681,  add  have  fince  yielded 
above  five  millions  fterling  annually,  of 
which  a  fifth  part  belongs  to  the  crown. 
Thefe,  with  the  f)igar  plantations,  occu- 
py fo  many  hands,  that  agriculture  lies 
neglefted,  and  Brazil  depends  upon 
Europe  tor  its  daily  bread  ;  although 
before  the  difcovery  of  thefe  mines,  the 
foil  was  found  veiy  fulficient  for  fub- 
filling  the  inhabitants.  The  diamonds 
here  are  neither  lb  haixi,  nor  fo  clear  as 
thofe  of  the  Eaft  Indies,  neither  do 
the^  fparkle  To  much,  but  they  are 
whiter,  the  Brazilian  diamonds  are 
fold  .ci^  per  cent  cheajper  than  the  orien- 
tal ones,  iuppofmg  the  weights  to  he 
equal.  The  q'own  revenue  arUIng 
from  this  colony  amounts  annually  ta 
two  millions  fterling  In  gold,  if  tome 
late  vvriters  are  ep  be  credited,  be6d«« 

P4  th« 


tht  dutiet  $ni  cuftoms  on  merchandlie 
impprted  from  that  quarter.  This  in. 
clieed,  is  inore  tiian  a  Afth  of  the  pre> 
icious  metal  produced  by  the  mines} 
but  every,  other  cor^equent  advantage 
confidered,  it  probably  owes  not  much 
cxce^  the  truth. 

X^e  Portuguefe  here  live  in  the  raoft 
effemlnai:e  luxury.  When  people  ap- 
pear abroa4  they  are  carried  in  a  kind 
pf  cotton  hammocks,  called  Terpentines, 
which  afc  borne  on  negroes*  Hioulders  i 
liroilar  to  palaquins  in  India.  The 
portrait  drawn  oi  the  manners,  cuftoms, 
and  morals  of  that  nation,  in  America, 
t)y  judicious  travellers,  iii  very  far  frpm 
|)eing  fayou)iib}e. 

"nie  native  Bra;;i!ians  are  about  the 
fize  of  the  Europeans,  but  not  fo  ftout. 
They  afe  Tubj«<^  to  {pr/er  djyjiempers, 
fni  are  long  lived.  They  wear  no 
clothing }  the  won)en  ^ear  their  hair 
cxtr^c^ly  long,  the  men  cut  their's 
mort  {  the  woir^en  wear  bracelets  of 
bones  of  a  beautiful  white ;  the  men 
necklaces  of  the  fame;  thi  women 
paint  their  faces,  and  the  men  their  bo- 
aies. 

Though  fh:  king  pf  fortug^U  as 
eraad  matter  of  ^he  Order  of  phrift,  be 
u>lely  in  poireHion  of  the  titles,  and 
t^ugh  the  produce  of  the  cmfade  be- 
longs entirely  to  him  ;  yet  in  this  ex« 
tenuve  country,  fix  biAiopricks  have 
been  focfcfliveiy  foupded,  vyhich  ac- 
knowledge for  their  fuperior  the  arch- 
bifhop  of  Bohia  j  which  fee  was  ella- 
bliflied  in  iss*-  ^"e  half  of  tite  i6 
captninfliips,  into  which  the  country 
is  divided,  belong  to  the  crown  ;  the 
•thers  being  fiefs  made  over  to  ibme  of 
the  nobility,  who  do  tittle  more  than 
acknowledge  the  foycreignty  of  the 
king  of  Portugal. 

The  Portupnefe  difcovered  this  coun- 
try in  1500,  but  did  not  plant  it  till 
ihie  year  1 549,  when  ^hey  took  pofl'ef. 
iion  of  All  Saints  Buy,  and  huitt  the  ci- 
ty of  St.  Salyadore.  The  Dutch  in- 
vaded  Buzil  in  1623,  and  I'uhdued  the 
northern  provinces  ^  but  the  Pqrtu- 
gucfeagrtcd  in  1661,  to  pay  the  Dutch 
eight  tons  of  gold,  to  rtlinquif^  their 
intereft  itk  this  counti-y,  whiqh  was  ac- 
cepted; and  the  Portuguefe  remained 
in  peaceable  polfcfnon  of  Bra/iJ,  till 
about  the  end  of  1762  ;  when  the  Span- 
iflt  govenior  of  Buenos  Ayres,  hearing 
«f  a  war  between  Pui  tugal  ;ind  Spain, 


BR  e 

took,  after  a  month's  fiege,'  the  Portsi- 
guefe  A-ontier  fortrefs,  St.  Sacrament } 
but  by  the  treaty  of  peace  it  was  re- 
ttored.  ^ 

BR2AKNECK.//i//,  oppoftte  Butter- 
hill,  at  the  northern  entrance  of  thfc 
highlands,  in  Hudfon  K.  about  6p  miles 
N.  of  New- York.  On  the  S.  fide  of 
this  hill,  about  half  the  diftance  as  you 
afcend  it,  the  rocks  are  fo  fituated  as  to 
give  tl»e  fpe£^ator  a  tolerable  idea  of  a 
human  face,  with  a  nofe,  mouth  and 
double  chin,  but  without  a  forehead. 
On  the  nofe  grows  a  tree  of  confidera- 
ble  fize,  which  has  the  appearance  only 
of  a  (hrub. 

Brecknock,  a  townlhip  in  Lancaf- 
ter  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Breme,  a  cape  which  forms  the  S. 
eaftern  fide  of  the  mouth  of  Oroonoka 
R.  oppofite  Cape  Araya,  in  S.  America. 

BrentonV/{/^,  about  3  miles  from 
Newport,  is  the  Ibuthemmoft  point  of 
Rhode-Ifland,  about  2  miles  E.  of  Bea- 
ver Tail.  Theie  two  points  form  the 
mouth  of  Newport  harbour, 

Brentwood,  a  townfliip  in  Rock- 
ingham CO.  New-Hampfliire,  having 
976  inhabitants;  diftafit  7  miles  W, 
from  Exeter,  and  19  from  Portfmouth. 
Vitriol  is  found  here,  combined  in  the 
fame  ftone  with  fulphur. 

Breton,  Cape.  The  ifland,  or 
rathir  coUeftion  of  iflands,  called  by 
the  Frtinch  Les  Ijles  de  Madame,  which 
He  fo  contiguous  us  that  they  arc  com- 
monly called  but  one,  and  comprehend- 
ed under  the  name  of  the  Ifland  of  Cape 
Bietot),  lies  between  lat.  45.  %'i>.  and 
47.  N.  nnd  between  59.  44.  and  61.  29. 
W.  long,  and  about  45  leagues  to  the 
eaftwaixi  of  Halifax.  It  is  about  109 
miles  in  length,  and  from  20  to  S4  in 
breadth  i '  and  is  feparattd  from  Nova- 
bcotia  by  a  narrow  Ihait, called  the GiU 
ofCanfa,  which  is  the  communication 
between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

It  is  furrounded  with  little  fliarp 
pointed  rockv.  feparated  from  each 
other  by  the  waves,  above  which  fome 
of  their  tops  are  vifible,  and  interleaved 
with  lakes  and  i;iver8.  The  great  Brafs 
d'Or  is  a  very  extenfive  Iheet  of  water 
which  forms  into  arms  and  branches, 
and  opens  an  ealy  communication  with 
all  parts  of  the  ifland .  All  its  harbours 
are  open  to  the  eaft,  turning  towards 
the  Ibvtth.    On  the  other  parts  of  the 

«ualt 


land,    or 

ailed    bv 

,  which 

are  com< 

prchend- 

of  Cape 

z'i.  and 

6i.  19. 

to  the 

bout  109 

to  84  in 

Novn- 

the  Gut 

inicatioii 

and    tilt 

fltarp 
im  each 
ch  fome 
iteri'e^ted 
■cat  Brai's 
of  water 
ranches, 
on  with 
larbourt 
towards 
8  of  the 
«ualt 


BKBT* 
•oaft  there  are  but  a  few  ant*orIng 

Elacee  tor  Imall  vefleli,  in  creeks,  or 
etween  iflets.  The  harbour  of  St.  Pe- 
ter's at  the  weft  end  of  the  ifland,  is  a 
very  comnuidious  place  for  carrying  on 
the  fifhery.  This  ifland  was  confider- 
cd  as  annexed  to  Nova- Scoria  in  refpeft 
to  matters  of  government  tilt  i784-» 
when  it  was  eiefted  into  a  fepai-ate  go- 
vennnent  by  the  name  of  Sydney. 

There  is  a  great  proportion  of  atable 
land  on  this  ifland )  and  it  abounds  in 
timber  and  liard  wood,  fuch  as  pine, 
beach,  birch,  maple,  fpruce,  and  fir. 

Here  are  about  1000  inhabitants, 
who  have  a  lieutenant  governor  refident 
among  thtin,  appointed  by  the  king. 
Ifle  Madame,  which  is  an  appendage  to 
this  government,  is  fettled  for  the  moft 
part  with  French  Acadians,  about  50 
families,  whofe  chief  employment  is  the 
Uftiery  at  Afhmot,  the  principal  harbour 
in  this  tittle  ifland  The  principal 
towns  are  Sydney,  the  capital,  and  Louif- 
bourg,  which  has  the  beft  harbour  in  the 
ifland.  The  prefent  feat  of  governn'  -«t 
is  at  Spanifii  river,  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  ifland. 

This  ifland  may  be  confidered  as  the 
key  to  Canada,  and  the  very  valuable 
iifliery  in  its  neighbourhood  depends  for 
its  proteftion  on  the  poflcfTion  of  thi« 
ifland;  as  no  nation  can  cany  it  on 
without  fome  convenient  harbo^ir  of 
ttrength  to  liipply  and  protefit  it,  and 
Louift)urg  is  the  principal  one  for  thefe 
purpoles. 

,  The  peltry  trade  was  ever  a  very  in- 
confiderable  obje£t.  It  confifted  only 
in  the  fkins  of  a  few  lynxes,  elks,  muflc- 
rats,  wildcats,  bears,  otters,  and  foxes, 
both  of  a  led,  filver  and  grey  colour. 
Some  of  thefe  were  procured  from  a  co- 
lony of  Micmac  Indians,  wlio  had  fet- 
tled on  the  Ifland.  with  the  French,  and 
never  could  raife  more  than  60  men 
able  to  bear  arms.  The  reft  came  fiom 
Si.  John's,  on  the  neighbotu'ing  con- 
tinent. Greater  advantages  are  now 
tierivtd  from  the  coal  mines  which  are 
fiiuated  near  the  entrance  of  the  har- 
bour, the  working  of  which,  and  the 
fiflieiy,  are  the  chief  employment  of  the 
inhabitants.  They  lie  m  a  horizontal 
direflion ;  and  being  no  more  than •6  or 
8  feet  below  the  furtace,  may  be  work- 
ed without  digging  deep,  or  draining 
iiW  the  waters.  Notwithftanding  the 
prodigious  demand  for  this  (o»l  from 


New-England,  from  the  year  1745  f 
1749,  thefe  mines  would  probably  hxtp 
been  forfaken,  had  not  the  (hips  whicM 
were  lent  out  to  the  French  iflandc 
wanted  ballaft.  tfk  one  of  thefe  Qiinet^ 
a  fire  has  been  kindled,  which  ^oald 
never  yet  be  extinguiihed.  Thefe  mhies 
yield  a  revenue  of  ^.i»,qoo  yearly  to 
the  crown. 

In  174.3,  while  this  ifland  'b<:l6nge(j 
to  the  French,  they  caught  i,i4^,oo''> 
quintals  of  dry  fi(h,  and  ^,500,000  do* 
ofmud-fifh,  thevahie  c:f  hptb  which* 
including  3 , 1 1 6  j:  tons  of  tratit  oil,  drawn 
from  the  blubber,  amounted  to  ^916, 577 
loj.  fterling,  according  to  the  prime 
coft  of  the  fifti  at  Newfoundland.  The 
whole  value  of  this  trade,  annually,  ak 
that  period,  amounted  to  a  mulioa 
fterling.  No  lei's  than  564.  ihips,  be- 
fldes'fhallops,  and  «7,ooo  ieaioen,  were 
employed  in  this  trade..  At  prefent  the 
inhabitants  of  this  iiOand  take  abotit 
30,000  quintals  of  fifli,  annuallyi  which 
are  fliipped  for  Spain  and  the  Straits, 
principally  by  merchants  fit>ro  Jerfcjr 
(in  England)  who  yearly  refort  lieie, 
and  keep  ftores  of  liipplies  for  the  iiiher- 
men. 

Though  fome  fifhermen  had  long  re- 
forted  to  this  ifland  every  fummer,  the 
French,  who  took  pofleflion  of  it  in 
Auguft,  1 71 3,  were  properly  the  firft 
fettled  inhabitants.  They  ctianged  its 
name  info  that  of  TJU  Rojale,  and  fixed 
upon  Fort  Dauphm  for  iheur  principal 
fettlement.  In  17*0,  the  fortifications 
of  Louilburg  were  bcg\m.  The  crher 
fettlements  were  at  Port  Touioufe, 
Neruka,  Sec.  The  ifland  i-emiined  in 
the  pofleflion  of  the  French  till  1745, 
when  it  was  cfipturcd  by  the  New-Eng- 
land militia  under  the  command  of 
William  Peppcrell,  Efq.  a  colontl  of 
the  militia,  and  a  Iqiiadron  under  com- 
modore Warren.  It  was  afterwards  re- 
ftored  to  the  Fiench,  and  again  taken 
in  17:^8,  by  admiral  Bofcawen  and  Ge-' 
neral  Amherft,  when  the  garrifon,  con- 
fifting  of  5600  men,  were  made  prifon- 
ers }  and  1 «  men  of  war  in  the  harbour,' 
were  either  taken,  funk,  burnt,  or  de- 
ftroycd ;  and  it  was  ceded  to  Great 
Brit:,  in  by  the  peace  of  1763. 

Brewer,  a  ftrait  hi  the  Magellanic. 
fea,  about  the  ifland  called  Staten  Land, 
which  parts  it  from  the  ftraits  Le  Maire. 
It  was  difcovered  by  the  Dutch  naviga^* 
tor  Brewer,  about  the  year  1643. 

BRSW£R*il 


0 


B  R  I 


Brbwer*s-Haveh,  a  good  harbour, 
at  theN.  end  ot' the  iilandof  Chiloe,  on 
ihe  coaft  of  Chili  t  in  S.  America,  and 
in  the  S.  Sea.  Lat.  4a.  30.  long.  74. 
W. 

Brbwington,  Fokt,  lies  in  the 
townfliip  of  Mexico,  New^York,  and  at 
the  W.  end  of  Lake  Oneida,  about  a4 
owks  S.  E.  from  Fort  Ofwego. 

Briak  Creekt  a  wa^<:r  or  Savannah 
K.  in  Georgia.  Its  mouth  i«  about  50 
mtles  S.  E«  by  S.  fhim  Augufta,  and 
55  N.  wcfterly  ft'om  Savannah.  Here 
Cen„  Prevoft  defeated  a  party  of  sooo 
Americans^  luuter  Gen.  Afli,  May  }« 
*779l  tbev  had  above  300  killed  and 
tskcn,  heiules  a  great  number  drowned 
IB  the  river  and  fwamps.  The  whole  ar* 
tiliary,  bt^gage  and  Aores  were  taken. 

BRiDCBTOWNf  in  Cumberland  co. 
diflriA  of  Maine,  having  Hebron  on  the 
N.  W.  and  Bakerftown  (on  the  W.  flde 
«f  Androlcoggin  R .)  on  theS.  B.  which 
three  fettlements  Ik  on  the  northern 
fide  of  Little  Androlcoggin  R.  It  eon- 
tain»  319  inhabitants,  and  lies  34  miles 
N.  by  N.  W.  from  Portland,  and  1 56 
K.  E.  fromBofton.  Bridgetown coofifts 
of  kirge  hills  and  vallies  t  the  highland 
aflbrdc  red  aak,  which  are  often  three 
"^■et,  and  Ibmetimes  four^  in  diameter  { 
and  (o  or  70  fvet  without  any  branches. 
The  vallies  anc  covered  withrfKrk  maple,' 
bafs,  affi,  birch,  pine«  and  hemlock. 
Thei«*is  a  curiefity  to  be  fren  in  Long 
PfHid,  which  lies  moftly  in  Bridgcrown, 
whieb  may  afford  matter  of  fpcculation 
Co  the  natural  phttofopher.  On  the 
cafterly  fide  of  the  pond  is  a  cove  which 
catenas  about  100  rods  farther  E.  thaq 
the  general  courfe  of  the  (hoic,  the  bot- 
tom is  clay,  and  fb  flioal  that  a  man 
may  wade  50  rods  into  the  pond.  On 
the  bottom  ^  this  cove  are  ftones  of  pa- 
rlous (ices,  wihtch  it  is  evident  from  va- 
rious circimiftaiKes,  have  an  annual  mo- 
fioii  towards  the  Ihore}  the  proof  of 
this  is  the  mark  or  track  left  behind 
them,  and  the  bodies  of  day  driven  up 
before  them.  Some  of  theie  (tones  are 
s  or  3  tons  weight,  and  have  left  a  track 
of  feveral  rods  behind  them  j  having  at 
leaft  a  common  cart-load  of  clay  before 
them.  The  (hore  of  the  cove  is  lined 
with  thefe  ll(.nes,  which  it  would  fetm, 
have  crawled  out  of  the  water.  Sec  Si- 
Hagt  P$n4. 

Bridgetown,   the  chief  town  of 
XumberlMwl  «••  Ncw-Jtrlcy,  and  mar 


the  centre  of  it.  It  is  50  miles  S .  S.  E. 
of  Philadelphia;  8e  S.  by  E.  ofTren- 
ton,  and  145  S.  W.  of  New- York. 

Bridgetown,  a  soft  town  in  Q^etn 
Anne's  to.  Maryland,  lies  on  the  weHU 
em  fide  of  Tuckahoe  Creek,  .8  mites  E. 
from  Centreville,  as  far  S.  E  from 
Church  Hill,  and  65  S.  W.  from  Phio 
ladelphia. 

Alfo  the  name  of  a  town  ivi  i/Crat  co. 
in  the  fame  (hite,  rituat.d  on  the  N« 
bank  of  Chefter  R.  (which  feparatet 
this  county  from  that  of  Aim)  7  miles 
Sh.  £.  from  Crofs  Roads }  and  4  fouther- 
ly  from  Newmarket. 

Bridgetown,  in  the  ifland  of  An- 
tigua.   See  WiUai^iy  Hay, 

Bridgetown,  themetropofis  of  the 
ifland  of  Barbadoea,  in  the  Weft- Indies, 
lying  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  idand  and 
in  the  parifli  of  St.  Michael.  It  is  (t> 
tuated  in  the  innemioft  part  of  Carlida 
bay,  «4)ich  is  large  enough  to  contain 
500  (hips,  being  i|  league  long  and  one 
broad ;  but  the  bottom  is  foul  and  apt 
to  cut  the  cables.  This  city  was  burnt 
down  April  18, 1668.  It  I'ufiered  alip 
greatly  by  fires  on  Feb.  8,  1756,  May 
S4, 1766,  and  Dec.  27, 1767,  at  which 
times  the  grcateft  |>art  of  the  town  was 
deftroyed ;  before  thefe  fires  it  had  1500 
houfes,  moftly  brick,  very  elegant,  ana 
faid  to  be  the  fineft  and  laigeft  in  aH 
the  Carribbee  iihutds)  the  town  has 
(ince  been  rebtiilt.  The  ftreets  are 
broad,  the  houfes  high,  and  there  is  alf^ 
a  Cheapftde,  where  the  rents  are  as  higi| 
as  thofe  in  Londrn.  It  has  a  college^ 
founded,  and  liber.dly  endowed  by  Col, 
Codrington,  the  only  Inftitution  of  the 
kind  in  the  Weft- Indies  j  but  it  does 
not  appear  that  its  fuccefs  has  anfwcred 
the  deiigns  o'f  the  foumier.  The  towi^ 
has  commodious  wharfs  for  loading 
and  unloading  goods,  and  is  well  de- 
femlpd  by  a  numlier  c^  forts ;  but  it  is 
very  fobjed  to  hurricanes.  As  the 
wind  generally  blows  from  the  £.  or 
N.  E.  the  E.  part  of  the  town  is  called 
the  windward,  and  the  W.  part  Ice- 
waid.  The  number  of  militias  for 
Bridgetown  and  St.  Michael's  precinft 
is  txoo  men,  who  are  called  the  royal 
regiment  of  foot  g^iards.  This  it  the 
Arat  of  the  governor,  council,  aflembly, 
and  court  of  chancery.  About  a  mile 
from  town  to  the  N.  E.  the  goveinur 
has  a  fine  feat  built  by  the  aflembiy, 
called  Pibrim,     The    church  is  as 

laige 


lut  a  tniJe 


»  A  1 

large  as  many  cathedraltt  hat  a  noble 
ot|^»  and  a  ring  of  bellff  >vith  a  curi- 
ous clock.  Here  are  large  and  elegnnt 
ta?emi»  eating.houfes,  &c.  and  packet 
boat*  have  lately  been  cftabliflied  to  car- 
ry letters  to  and  front  Great  Britain 
monthly.  N.]at.it3'9iW,long.6o.  «i. 

This  wa«  the  (tate  of  the  capital  of 
Sarbadoes  in  the  futnmerof  1780.  It 
bad  (carcely  riien  from  the  aflies  to 
which  it  had  been  reduced  by  the  dread- 
ful fires  already  mentioned,  when  it  was 
torn  from  its  foundations,  and  the  whole 
country  made  a  fcene  of  defolation,  by 
the  ftorm  of  the  loth  of  OAober  1780, 
in  which  above  4000  of  the  inhabitjints 
mifcrably  periftied}  the  force  of  the 
«Ktnd  wa«  then  fo  great,  as  not  only  to 
blow  down  the  urongeft  walls,  but 
even  lifted  fome  pieces  of  cannon  off  the 
ramparts  and  carried  them  Ibme  yardsdif- 
tance }  and  the  damage  to  the  country  in 
general  w«8  eftimated  at  £.  1,310,504 
153.  fterling,  and  it  is  fcarcely  yet  re- 
ftored  to  its  former  fplendor. 

Bridg  EWATER,  a  townfliip  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  New.Hampfliire,  incorporated 
in  1769,  and  contains  281  inhabitants. 

Bridgewater,  atownfliip  iu  So- 
tnerfet  co.  New-Jerfey,  which  contains 
9,578  inhabitants,  including  357  Haves. 

Bridgewater,  a  confiderahletown- 
(liip  in  Plymouth  co.  MafTachufetti, 
containing  4975  inhabitants;  5  miles 
N<  £.  fromRaynham ;  about  30  miles 
£.  of  S.  from  Bofton,  in  which  large 
quantities  of  hard  ware,  nails,  &c.  arc 
manuta£lm'ed. 

Bridgewater,  atownfhipinWind- 
fur  CO.  Vermont,  about  55  miles  N.  E. 
of  Bennington,  containing  393  inhabit- 
ants 

Bridport,  a  townflilp  in  Addifon 
CO.  Vennont,  on  the  E.  man  of  Lake 
Champlain }  about  71  miles  N.  N.  W. 
from  Bennington.  It  has  449  inhabit- 
ants. 

.BRioantinb  Inletf  on  the  coaft  of 
New-Jeri'ey,  between  Great  and  Little 
Egg  Harbour. 

Brimfield,  a  townfhip  in  Hamp- 
ihire  co.  Maflachuflets,  fituated  E.  or 
Conneflicut  K. ;  having  izm  inhabit- 
ants} 34  miles  S.  E.  of  Northam<}ton, 
and  75  W.ofBodon. 

Brion  lyte,  one  of  the  Magt'ialene 
ifles,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Bristol  a  townfhip  In  Lincoln  co. 
difti'i^  of  Miioej  having  1718  inhsbit- 


BRi  m 

ants  4  ^iftant  »04  miles  K.  £•  from 
Bofton,  and  %  N.  of  Pcmaquid  Point. 

Bristol,  a  county  in  the  foutbem 
part  ofMafllichuretts>C.  of  a  pait  «f 
the  ftate  of  Rhode  Ifland.  It  has  sf 
towufliips,  of  which  Taunton  Is  the 
chief}  and  31,709  inhabitants.  The 
groat  fachem  Phillip  refided  here;  \Jm 
Raynham'\\  and  it  was  called  by  the 
Indians  PafwiunnaivkuU }  from  which 
the  nation  derived  the  name }  but  woe 
fometimes  ftyled  the  fTap^mnt^s. 

Bristol  Co.  in  Rhode  ifland  ftate* 
contains  the  townOtips  of  Briftol,  War- 
rtn,^  and  Barrineton;  having  3111  in- 
habitants, incluiiveof  98  flaves.  It  has 
Rriftol  CO.  in  MaflTachui'etts,  on  the  !9* 
E.  and  Mount  Hope  b'7£. 

Bristol,  a  fea-port:  town,  and  chief 
of  the  above  county,  lies  on  the  weftem 
fide  of  the  peninfula  called  Briftol  necl^ 
and  ontheE.  fide  of  Briftol  bay;  in* 
chiding  Popafquafli  neck,  and  all  the  ML 
and  £  part  of  Briftol  neck,  to  Warren, 
N. ;  and  to  Mount  Hope  bay,  £.  It 
is  about  3  miles  from  Rhode  I. }  the 
ferry  from  the  S.  end  of  the  townfhip 
being  included  which  is  little  more  than 
half  a  mile  broad  $13  milps  noi;therIy 
from  Newport,  24  S.  £.  /rom  Provi- 
dence, and  63  from  Bofton.— Briftol 
fuffered  greatly  by  the  ravages  of  the 
late  war.;  but  it  is  now  In  a  very  floU' 
riftiing  ftate,  having  1406  inhabitants, 
incltifiveof64  flavts.  It  is  beautiful 
for  fiiuation— a  healthful  climatc-~4ich 
foil,  and  a  commodious,  fafe  harbour. 
Onion$,  In  confulek'able  quantities,  and 
a  variety  of  provifions  and  garden  ftuff*,  ' 
are  railed  here  for  exportation.  N.  lat. 
40.  40. 

Bristot.,  a  townflilp  in  Hartford 
CO.  Connecticut,  16  miles  W.  of  the 
city  of  Hartford. 

Bristol,  a  town  in  Bucks  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  11  miles  S.  S.  £.  from  New. 
town,  and  20  N.  £.  from  Philadelphia. 
It  ftands  on  Delaware R.  oppofite  Bur- 
lington In  New-Jertey;  and  has  about 
50  or  60  houffs.  It  is  a  great  tho- 
roughfare, and  is  noted  for  its  mills  of 
fcveral  kinds. 

Bristol,  a  townfliip  in  Philadel- 
phia county. 

Bristol,  a  fmall  town  in  Charles 
CO.  Maryland. 

Bristol,  atownfliip  in  Addifon  co. 
Vennont,  E.  of  Vergenncs,  having  ui 
inhabitants*. 

Bristol 


^ 


B  R  i" 


Brmtol  Saj^,  on  the  N.  W.  coall 
ff  |l.  America*  is  formed  by  the  pe- 
ninfula  of  Alafka  on  the  S.  and  S.  £. 
md  by  pape  Newnham  on  the  N. ;  and 
ift  very  broad  and  capacious.  A  river  of 
tbefsme  name  runs  into  it  from  the  E. 
.^  BRtfTOLy  a  new  town  of  New- York, 
a^  Sciioharie  co.  incorporated  in  >79i7>. 

Britaik,  New.  The  country  ly- 
mz  round  Hxidfon  bay,  or  the  country 
ofthe  Efquimaux,  comprehending  La- 
bradori  New  North  and  South  Wales, 
liaa  obtained  the  general  name  oi 
NSrw-Britain,  and  ia  attached  to  the 
government  of  Lovver  Canada.  A  fu- 
perinsendant  oi  trade*  appointed  by  the 
goventor  general  of  the  four  Bhtlfli 
pvorinces,  and  refponfible  to  him,  re- 
vdesat  Labradu..  The  principal  ri- 
vers which  water  this  country,  are  the 
Wager»  Monk,  Seal,  Pockerekeflco, 
Churchill,  Nelfon,  Hayes,  New- Severn, 
AUiany  and  Moofe  river$,  all  whicii 
empty  into  Hu:iipn  and  James'  bay, 
from  the  W.  and  S.  The  mouths  of  a  1 
the  rivers  are  filled  with  fliuals,  except 
Churchill^s^  in  which  the  largeft  ihips 
amy  tie  ^  but  lo  miles  higher  the  chan- 
JkI  U  obftru£led  by  land  banks.  AH 
the  rivers*  as  tar  as  they  have  been  ex- 

Jwred^  are  fiiU  of  rapids  and  catarafls, 
rom  19  to  £0  teet  perpendicuhr. 
IXkwn  tliefe  jrivers  the  Indian  traders 
Said  a  quick  paflagej  but  iheir  return 
i»  a  labour  of  many  months.  Cop- 
per Mine,  and  Mc.  Kenzie's  riyers, 
fall  into  the  North  Sea.  Af  ^^^  in- 
land as,  the  Hudfoa  Bay  Company 
have  fettlements,  which  is  600  miles  to 
the  weft  fort  of  Churchill,  at  a  place 
called  HudfonHoufe,  lat.  53..  long.  106. 
x7.  W.  from  London,  is  flat  country : 
■or  is  it  known  how  far  to  the  eaft- 
ward,  the  great  dialn  feen  by  naviga- 
tors from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  hrnnches 
«ff»  From  Moofe  river,  or  the  bottom 
«f  the  Bay,  to  Cape  Chi.trcl\lll,  the  land 
h  flat.,  niardiy  and  wooded  with  pines, 
birch,  larch  and  willows.  From  Cape 
Ctuiichill,  to  Wager's  river,  the  coafts 
are  high  and  rocky  to  the  very  fea,  and 
woodlcfs,  except  the  mouths  of  Pocke- 
nktfko  and  Seal  rivers.  The  hilh  on 
their  back  are  naked,  nor  are  there  any 
trees  for  a  gri.at  diftance  inland.  The 
caftem  coaft  is  barren,  paft  the  efforts 
cf  cultivation.  The  furiace  is  every 
where  uneven,  and  covered  with  maflcs 
•f  ftone  of  an  amazing  fixe.    It  is  a 


BRt 

eonntry  of  fruitlefs  vallies  and  fH^htAil ' 

mountains,    fome   of    an   aftonifliing 

height.    The  vallies  are  full  of  lakes, 

formed  not  of  fprings,  but  rain  and 

fnow,  fo  chilly  as  to  be  produ£live  of 

a  few  fmall  trout  only.     The  ttioun- 

tains  have  here  and  there  a  blighted 

flinib,  or  a  little  mofs.    ,The  vallies  art 

fiill  of  crooked,  ftintcd  trees,  pines,  fir, 

birch,  and  cedars,  or  rather  a  fpecies 

of  the  juniper.    In  lat.  60.  on  this 

coafl,   vegetation   ceafes.    The  who> 

flioiie,  like  that  on  the  wefl!,  is  faced 

with  iflands  at  fome  diftance  from  land^ 

The  laudable  zeal  of  the  Moravian 

clergy  induced  them,  ii>  the  year  175*1 

to  fend  miflionaries  from  Greenland  to 

this  couqtry.    They  fixed  on  Neflliit's 

harbour  for  their  fettlement }  but  of  the 

firft  party,  fome  of  them  were  killed, 

and  the  others  drivenaway.  In  1 764,  un? 

der  the  proteftionof  the  Britifti  govenw 

ment,  another  attempt  was  made.    The 

miflionaries  were  well  received  by  th^ 

Efquimaux,   and    the  miflion  goes  oii 

with  fuccefs.    The  knowledge  of  thefe 

northern  feas  and  countries  was  owing 

to  a  proje£l  ftarted  in  England  for  the 

difcovery  of  a  north  weft  paflage  to 

China  and  the  Eaft  Indies,  as  early  at 

the  year  1756.     Since  then  it  has  been 

frequently  dropped  and  as-t>ften  revived. 

but  never  yet  completed. 

Frohifttef,  about  the  year  15761  dif- 
covered  the  lyfain  of  New- Britain,  of 
Terra  de  Labrador,  and  thofe  ftraits  to 
which  he  has  given  his  name.  In  1 58  $, 
Jphn  Davis  failed  from  Portfmouth; 
aiid  viewed  that  and  the  more  ndrthero 
coafls,  but  he  feems  nevt^r  to  have 
entered  the  bay.  "Hudfon  mad*;  three 
voyage?  on  the  fame  adventure,  the 
firil  in  1607,  the  fecond  in  1608,  and 
his  third  and  iatt  in  1610.  This  bold 
and  judicious  navigator  entered  the 
ftraits  that  lead  into  the  bay  known  by 
his  nanie,  coafted  a  great  pnrt  of  it,  and 
penetrated  to  eighty  degrees  and  a  half, 
mto  the  'heart  of  the  frozen  zone.  iHi 
ardour  for  the  difcovery  iiot  being  abat- 
ed by  the  dif^cultirs  he  ftruggled  with 
in  this  empire  of  winter,  and  world  of 
froft  aikd  fnow,  he  ftayrd  here  until  the 
enfuitig  fpring,  and  jprepared,  in  th? 
beginning  of  161 1,  to  purfue  his  dil- 
coverics,  but  his  crew,  who  fuffi?red 
equal  hardftiips,  without  the  fame  fpirit 
to  fupport  them,  mutinied,  feized  upon 
him    und   feven   of   thofc  who  were 

moft 


B  RI 

Mioft  faithful  to  him,  and  commiud 
thetti  to  the  fiiry  of  the  icy  feas,  in  an 
open  bOit.  Hudlbn  and  hit  compa- 
niona  were  either  fwallowed  up  by  the 
Wivttt  or  gaining  the  inhofpitabie  coaft, 
were  deftroyed  by  the  favages}  but 
the  fliip  and  the  reft  of  the  men  return- 
ed home. 

Though  the  adventurers  failed  in  the 
criginal  purpofe  for  which  they  navi- 
gated Hodfon  bay,  yet,  the  projcfV, 
even  in  its  failure,  has  been  of  ijreat  ad- 
vantage to  Eneland.    Tlie  vaft  coun- 
tries  which    nirround    Hudfon    bay, 
abound  with  animals,  whofe  fur  and 
ikins  are  excellent.     In  1070,  a  charter 
was  granted  to  the  Hudfon  bay  com- 
pany, which  does  not  confift  of  above 
9  or  10  perfons,  ibr  the  exclufive  trade 
to  this  bay,  and  they  have  a6led  under 
it  ever  fincc,  with  great  benefit  to  the 
individuals  Who  compofe  the  company, 
though  comparatively  virith  little  advan- 
tage to  Britain.    The  company  employ 
4  flilps,  and  1 30  feamen.     They  have 
feveral  forta,  viz.  Prince  of  Wales  fort, 
Churchill  river,  Nelfon,  New-Sevem, 
Albany,  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  bay,  and 
are  garrifoned   by    i86    men.      The 
French,  in  May,  1782,  took  and  de- 
ftroyed thefe  forts,  and  the  fettlements. 
Sec,   faid    to  amoimt  to  the  value  of 
£.500,000.    They  export  commodities 
to  the  value  of  ^.16,000,  and  carry 
home  returns  to  the  value  of  ^.29,34.0, 
which  yield  to  the  revenue  ^.3,734- 
This  includes  the  fiihery  in  Hudfon's 
bay.  .  The  only  attempt  to  trade  to 
that  part  which  is  called  Labrador,  has 
been  dirc£led  towards  the  fifliery.   The 
annual  produce  of  the  iifhery,  amounts 
to  upwards  of  ^.4.9,000    See  Efqui- 
maux. 

The  whole  of  the  fettlements  in  New- 
Britain,  including  fuch  as  have  been 
mentioned,  are  as  follow,  which  fee 
under  their  refpeftlve  heads  :  Abbitib- 
bi,  Frederick,  End  Main  and  BrunC- 
wiciu  houCesj  Jloole  Fort;  H«;niey, 
Gloucefter,  .ind  Ofnaburg  houfes ;  and 
a  houfe  on  V/innipeg  lake ;  Severn,  or 
tfnv-Severtt }  York  Fort,  or  Nfijfoft } 
Churchill's  Fort,  or  PrtMce  of  Wales 
Fort',  South  Branch,  Hud  ton's,  Man- 
chetter,  and  Buckingham  houfes:  the 
hft  is  the  wefieramm  fettlement,  and 
lately  erected. 

BRITAIN,  New,  a  Hn-ge  ifland  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  lying  N.  £.  of  Dam- 


B  R  I  ^ 

pieces  Straits,  between  4.  and  71  S.  lau 
and  146.  and  149.  £i  Ibng.  from  Parii^ 
Its  N.  point  is  called  Cape  dttphenraf 
u.  F.  Doint  Cape  Orfordj  and  ai  baf 
about  the  middle  of  its  ci^ehi  coa£t,  w 
called  Port  N^>ntague.    ThsfehaBm 
were  given  by  Ca^>t.  Carteret,  wto  vi- 
fited  this  ifland  in  1^.^67,  and  found  it 
much    itnalirr  th^n  was  Aippoled  l^j^ 
Dampier,  who  firfl  difl'Hrered  k  to  be 
an  ifland.     There  is  nothing  yetd'tf-  . 
covered  peculiarly  diiferent  in  its  Br<H 
du£lions  or  its  inhabitants,  frain  tno6 
of  the  other  iflands  in  its  neighbourhood. 
It  has  the  appearance  of  a  mountainows 
country,    and    is    coveiTd  with  large 
and    ftately  trees.      It  is  furroandei 
with  many  fertile  iflands,  moft  of  which 
are  faid  to  yield  abundance  of  plantaia 
and  cocoa  nut  trees. 

British  America.  If nder  the  gipl 
ne.'al  name  of  firitifli  America,  we  conw 
prehend  the  vail  extent  of  country, 
bounded  S.  by  the  United  States  of 
America,  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean  j  £. 
by  the  fame  ocean  and  Davis^s  Straits, 
which  divide  it  from  Greenland  j  ex- 
tending N.  to  the  northern  limits  of 
Hudlbn  bay  charter ;  and  weftwai'd  in- 
definitely—Lying:  between  4z.  30.  and 
70.  N.  lat.  i  and  between  50.  and  96. 
W.  long,  from  Greenwich. 

Britifli  America  is  divided  into  four 
provinces,  viz.  x.  Upper.  Canada  ^  a- 
Lower  Canada,  to  which  are  annexed 
New-Britain,  on  the  country  lying 
round  Hudfon  bay,  and  the  ifland  of 
Cape  Breton}  which  ifland,  in  17S4, 
was  formed  into  a  feparate  government, 
by  the  name  of  Sydney.  3.  New-firunf- 
wick;  4.  Nova- Scotia,  to  which  is  an- 
nexed the  ifland  of  St.  John^s.  Befiues 
thefe,  there  is  the  ifland  of  Newfoiuad- 
land,  which  is  governed  by  the  admiral 
for  the  time  hemg,  and  two  lirutenanC 
governors,  who  reiide  at  Placentia  and 
St.  John''s.  The  troops  (lation^d  at 
Newfoundland,  however,  are  fubjefit 
to  the  orders  of  the  governor  general 
of  the  four  Britid)  provinces,  "^lie 
mmibe;  of  people  in  the  whole  of  the 
northern  Britifli  colonies  is  perhaps 
160,000  or  180,000. 

Since  the  fcur  provii  ces  have  been 
put  under  a  general  governor,  the  go- 
vernor of  each  is  ftyhd  lieutenant  go. 
vernor.  The  refider  ce  of  the  general 
governor  is  at  Quebec . 
The    following    inforinHtion,'  from 

Edwaidb's 


# 


<i 


«Ri 


Cdw«nls*s  H'tftoiy  of  the  Weft  tmUett 
itfpcAine  the  trade  and  rcfourcn  of 
Bntifli  Anieiica,  as  heinj^  ufcful  to 
Americans,  i»  inierted  under  thi»  head. 
The  rirer  St.  Lawrence  remaint  ufual- 
hf  locked  up  one  half  of  tlie  year }  and 
■(though,  in  1784,  it  was  confidently 
ftid,  that  the  BritiOi  provinces  would 
lie  able  in  three  years  to  I'upply  all  the 
Weft  Indies  with  lumber  and  ^ruvl- 
fions,  yet  it  was  found  neceflaiy  to  im. 
port  lumber  and  provifions  into  Nc  .• 
Scotia,  ~  im  ihe  United  States.  Th  . 
In  17IJ0,  there  iwere  Aiippt:.  ♦rom  itic 
U.  S.  to  Nova-Scotia,  alone,  540,c  a* 
flaves  and  heading}  914,980  feel  of 
tmards ;  385,000  (hineles,  and  16,000 
boops  i  40,000  bbls.  of  bread  and  flour, 
and  8d,oeo  biithels  of  grain,  beyond  her 
own  confuinptlon.  Newfoundland  fiir- 
niBwd  the  Britifli  Weft  Indies  with 
9e6,459  quintals  of  f\(h  i  on  an  average 
•f  four  years,  ending  with  1786. 

The  only  provilions  exported  to  Ja- 
maica, from  Canada,  Nova- Scotia,  and 
St.  John's,  between  3d  of  April,  1783, 
and  26th  of  0£lobei',  1784,  were  i8e 
buOieis  of  potatoes,  and  751  hhvts.  and 
about  500  hbls.  of  falted  fiOi.  Of  lum- 
ber, the  quantity  wa^ 510,088  feet;  20 
bundles  of  hoops ,  and  301,334  fliin- 
jfles  i  and  on  an  average  of  Ave  years, 
icxym  1768  to  1772,  tne  whole  exports 
to  Jamaica,  from  Canada,  Nova-Sco- 
tia, and  St.  John's,  were  only  33  bbls. 
of  flour,  7  hnds.  of  fifh,  8  bbls.  of  oil, 
3  bbls.  of  tar,  pitch  and  turpentine } 
^6,000  Oiingles  and  ftaves,  and  27,233 
ftet  of  lumber. 

From  the  cuftom  iioufe  returns  it 
appears  that  of  tsoS  cargoes  of  lumber 
and  provilions  imported  trom  N.  Ame- 
rica, to  the  Britiih  fugar  colonies  in 
1772,  only  7  of  thole  cargoes  were 
from  Canada  and  Nova -Scotia;  and 
that  of  70t  topfail  vefiels  and  1168 1 
floops,  which  nad  cleai-ed  outwards 
from  N.  America,  to  the  Britifti,  and 
foreign,  W.  Indies,  only  «  of  the  top- 
fail  vcflcls,  ami  1 1  of  the  Hoops  wire 
from  thefc  provinces :  and  it  has  been 
proved,  that  in  the  years  1779,  1780, 
1781,  and  1782,  the  fcarcity  in  Canada 
had  Iwren  iuch,  as  to  occafion  the  ex- 
port of  all  bread,  wheat,  and  flour,  to 
be  prohibited  by  authority ;  and  in 
1784,  when  a  parliamentary  enquiry 
took  place  concerning  what  fupplies 
the  W.  Itviles  might  eicpcfl  {rtuu  Qa> 


B  RO 

nada  and  Nova<Scotia}  a  0iip  in  the  rf* 
ver  Thames  was  a^ually  loading  wicll 
flour  for  Quebee* 
fiaoADALBiN,  a  townfliip  in  Moitt« 

Soniery  co.  New-Vork}  whichf  by  tbt 
atecenfus  of  1796,  contained  a77  in- 
habitants,  who  are  elcAors. 

B  a  0 .  D  Bi^,  in  the  diftriJl  of  Maine* 
lies  on  the  Ime  of  Lincob  ami  Han- 
cock  counties,  bounded  by  Pkrmaquid 
Point  on  he  W.  and  Plealant  Point  on 
the  F  Ci  the  Ihore  .)f  tliis  bay  way 
air       J'  «:  J  Itch  fettlc.Twit. 

.1^  rt.\h  R^vtr,  is  an  arm  of  the  fta» 
\.v'  ,r  ends  along  the  W.  and  N.  W. 
.  <^t  Mtr  ifbit  or  Port  Royal  ifland* 
on  the  CO.  tv  ~  S.  Carolina,  and  receives 
Coofa  from  the  N.  W.— Coofa  R.  may 
likewife  be  called  an  arm  of  the  fea  t 
its  waters  extend  N.  weft  ward,  and 
meet  thofe  of  Broad  R.  round  a  fmall 
ifland  at  the  mouth  of  Coofa  Hatchet 
R.  Thefe  two  arms  embrace  all  tht 
iflands  between  Combahee  R.  and  Oaw- 
fuflcee  found,  with  which  alfo  Broad 
R.  communicates.  Channels  between 
Broad  R.  and  Coofa  form  the  iflands; 
The  entrance  through  Broad  R.  to 
Beaufort  harbour,  one  of  the  beft  in  th« 
flate,  is  between  Hilton's  Head  and  Su 
Phillip's  Point. 

BaoAD  Rivert  or  Cbtrake*-baw,  m 
water  of  Savannah  R.  from  tb'r  Georgia 
flde.  It  empties  into  the  Savannah  at 
Peterfl>urg.  At  a  trifling  expence,  it 
might  be  made  boatable  25  or  30  miles 
through  the  beft  fettlements  in  Wilkes* 
county. 

Broad  River,  in  S.  Carolina,  rifca 
by  thi-ee  branches  from  the  N.  W.  viz. 
the  Ennorec,  Tiger,  and  PackoIet| 
which  unite  about  40  miles  above  th« 
mouth  of  Saluda  R.  {  which*  witii 
Broad  R.  forms  Congaree  R.  Broad 
R.  may  be  rendered  navigable  30  miles 
in. North  Carolina. 

Broken  ARROW,orC/(ijr-C«(/l<i,an 
Indian  town  in  the  Creek  country,  in 
Weft  Florida,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Chata- 
Uche  R.  i  12  miles  below  the  Cuflitah 
and  Coweta  towns,  where  the  river  is 
fordable.     See  Cvwetat  and  Flint  R> 

Bromlev,  a  townfliip  in  Benmng> 
ton  CO.  Vermont,  about  3a  miles  N. 
eafteriy  from  Bennington.  It  has  71 
inhabitants. 

Bromley,  a  town  in  Somerfet co. 

New-Jcrfey.  . 

^    Brookfuid,  in  the  S.  W.  part  oF 

M'orceftu" 


^F 


f3 


B  RO 

t/orceftcr  co.  MaflSichuretts,  U  among 
the /irft  towRi»  M  to  age,  wealth,  and 
uumberi,  •<  the  county >  containing 
}too  inhab  m$.  The  great  poft  rrad 
from  Bofti  »  N.  York  nna  tltrougV 
it.  It  ia  6.;  '  iies  W\  of  Bdfton  ?  i  *7 
W.  of  ^Yor'  eftcr.  The  Indian  name 
of  this  ttwr,  wTA  Sbfoboag.  The  river 
which. ftiU  '  taint  tT  name  patk«  thro' 
it)  and,  )  r.e  ttl  other  ftreamx  and 
pond«,  abounds  with  variout  kir^  of 
tiih.  Here  h  iron  '■ve,  ar^  ;.irge  nmn- 
titles  of  Hone  which  yield  copperas, 
and  have  a  ftfeng.  vitriol t:  quality. 
This  town  was  fettled  by  people  from 
Iplwicb,  in  t66o,  and  was  incorpo- 
rated in  a57). 

Brookfiej  d,  a  tomniif)  in  Onwge 
CO.  Vermont,  has  421  inhabitants,  and 
lies  80  miles  northerlyfrom'Benntngton. 
BftOOKPiBtD,  a  townfhip  in  Lincoln 
CO.  fliftri^  of  Maine,  14  miles  above 
Morridgewalk  on  Kennebecic  R.  and 
was  formerly  called  Srven  nak  Brook. 
Brook  FIELD,  a  town  in  Montgo- 
mery  co.  New  York.  By,  the  ftate  cen- 
fus  of  t;  96,  160  of  its  inhabitants  are 
electors. 

Brookpield,  a  towiifl>Ip  in  Fair- 
filcld  CO.  Conne£licut,  6  miles  N.  N.  E. 
from  Danbury.  I 

Brookhaven,  a  townflilp  in  Stif- 
folk  CO.  Long  I.  New- York,  containing 
3,114  inhabitants.  Of  thefe  233  are 
flavesi  and  by  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796, 
535  o»*ly  !"*  cltftors.  The  compafk 
pait  of  the  town  contains  about  40 
koufes,  an  Epifcopalian,  and  a  Pren>y- 
terian  church.  It  is  60  miles  E.  of 
New- York. 

Brooklyn,  a  pleafant  town  of  Nor- 
folk co.  MaiTachufetts,  of  about  60  or 70 
families,  between  Cambridge  and  Kox- 
bury,  and  feparated  from  Bofton  on  the 
£.  by  a  narrow  bay,  which  fets  up  S. 
from  Charles  river,  and  peninTulates 
liolloB.  Large  quantities  of  fruits,  roots, 
and  other  vegetables  are  producnl  in 
this  town  for  the  Bofton  market.  It  is 
a  place  where  gentlemen  of  fortune  and 
information,  who,  retiring  from  public 
life,  may  enjoy  ettum  cum  dignitnte. 

Brooklyk,  atownfhip  in  King'sco. 
New- York,  on  the  W.  end  of  Long  I. 
having  1603  inhabitants;  of  thefe  405 
are  flnves }  and  214  are  dehors,  by  the 
ftate  cenl'us  of  1796.  Here  are  a  rref- 
byterian  churoh,  a  putch  Reformed 
«iiHrc}i«  a  powder  magazise,  and  fome 


B  Rd 


a 


elegant  hofffirt  which  lie  chiefly  oa  ^n* 
ftreet.  Ealt  R.  near  a  mile  broad,  lii' 
pirates  t'.ie  town  from  New.York. 

Broo'ily'm,  a  townAiip  in  Wynl* 
hum  cj.  Conncfticut,  about  to  raiie» 
N.  of  Norwich. 

Brothert  -:,  an  Indian  village  ad- 
joining New  Stocfcbridge,  (N.  York) 
inhabited  by  about  1 50  Indians,  who 
mizraicd  from  different  parts  of  Con* 
ncaicut,  under  the  care  oF  the  Rev- 
Mr.  Occoin.  Theie  Indians  receive  ag 
annuity  of  as 6e  doUars,  which  fum  ia 
partly  appropriated  to  the  purpofe  of 
maintaining  a  fchool,  and  partly  (a 
compenfate  a  ropertnteDdant,  to  uanf- 
aft  their  bufinefs,  and  to  diCpoTe  of  the 
remahider  of  their  money  for  their  be- 
nefit. 

Brouchton  l/Umi^  lieaat  themoutb 
of  Alatan\aha  R.  in  Georgia,  and  be- 
longed to  the  late  Henry  Laurens,  Efif* 
The  S.  channel,  after  its  feparatioa 
from  the  N.  defcsnds  gently,  winding 
by  Mc.  Intofli  and  Broughton  ifland*, 
in  its  way  to  tlic  ocean  through  St.  Sii' 
mon's  Sound. 

Brownfiblo,  a  fmall  fettlement  ia 
York  CO.  diftria  of  Maine,  v&McIi,  to- 
gether with  Suncook,  contains  150  in. 
habitants. 

Brown's  Sound,  h  fituated  on  the 
N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  in  N.  lat. 
55.  18.  W.  long,  from  Greenwich  132. 
20.  It  was  thus  named  by  Captain 
Gray,  in  1791,  in  honour  of  Samuel 
Brown,  Efq.  of  Bofton.  The  lands  on 
the  E.  fide  of  this  found  arc  tolerably 
level ;  but  on  the  W.  nwantains  rife, 
whole  fumntits  out-top  tin  clouds,  and 
whole  wintry  garb  gives  them  a  dreary 
afpeft.  The  hi.w^  is  well  timbered 
with  variotM  forts  of  pitKS.  The  ani- 
mals in  the  vicinity  are  deer,  wolves, 
fea-otten  3nd  Icals.  The  fi(1i— ialmon, 
halibut,  and  a  fpecies  of  cckI,  &c.— 
Ducks,  brants,  fh.-igs,  &c.  ar»  here  ia 
plenty  in  fummer. 

Brownsville,  or  Redftont  Oldfort^ 
is  a  flourifhng  po(t-town  in  Fayette  co.^ 
Penn(ylvania)  on  the  S.  cafteni  banld^ 
of  Monongahela  R.;  between  Duniap 
and  Redltone  creeks ;  and  next  t(» 
Pittiburg  is  the  moil  couHderable  town 
in  the  weftern  parts  of  the  ftate<  '  The 
town  is  I'egularly  laid  out,  comtaina 
about  100  hoi^fes,  an  Epifcopalian,  and 
Roman  Catholic  church,  a  brewei-y  aad 
difti  lery.  It  i$  cono^^cd  'Olrith  BtldgiEf* 


^  BR  U 

jaott,  •  rmall  village  on  the  oppoflte 
hit  of  DunUp  creek)  by  a  bridge  160 
ftct  k»g.  Within  a  few  mile*  of  the 
■own  are  4  Friends*  meeting- houi'es, 
94.  grift»  faw,  oily  and  fulling  mills. 
The  trade  and  emigration  to  Kentucky, 
•oiploy  bont-buiklers  here  very  profit- 
ably I  above  too  boats  of  10  tons  each, 
sore  built  annually.  Byrd'a  Fort  for- 
merly ftood  here  on  the  S.  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  Redftone  Creek,  in  N.  lat. 
39.  58.  W.  lon^.  81.  i»|{  37  miles 
foutherly  from  Pittlburg^  13  S.  by  E. 
ofWadiington,  and  jn  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Bao YLB,  a  harbour,  cape,  and  fettle- 
ment  on  the  E.  fide  of  Ncwfuuiutland 
I.{  15  miles  N.  E.  from  the  fettlement 
of  Aouafort,  and  30  S.  wcderly  fiom 
St>  Jonn's,  the  capital. 

Brunswick,  a  maritime  county  in 
Wilmington  di(lrl£l,  N.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 3071  inhabitants,  of  whom  1 51 1 
are  Haves.  It  is  the  moft  ibutherly 
county  of  the  ftate,  hatting  S.  Carolina 
«n  the  S.  W.  and  bounded  by  Cape 
Fear  R.  on  the  E.  Smithville  is  the 
ieat  of  jultice. 

Brunswick,  the  chief  town  in  the 
above  county,  fituated  on  the  W.  fide 
of  Cape  Pear  R. ;  it  was  formerly  the 
bel(  built  in  the  whole  ftate,  and  car- 
ried on  the  moll  extenfive  trade.  It 
lies  30  miles  above  the  capes,  about  9 
miles  N.  of  Fort  Johnfon,  17  S.  W.  of 
Wilmington,  and  was  forn?eriy  the  feat 
of  government.  Tn  1780,  It  was  burnt 
down  by  the  Britifli,  and  has  now  only 
3  or  4  houi'es  and  an  elegant  church  in 
ritins. 

Brunswick,  a  towuflilp  in  EfTex 
CO.  Vermont,  on  the  W,  bank  of  Con- 
neAicut  K.  oppoftte  Stratford,  in  New- 
Hampfliirc. 

Brunswick,  a  city  in  Middlefex  co. 
New-J,..rty,  i»  .'.>v:ated  on  the  S.  W. 
bank  of  R.iriton  R.  in  a  low  fituation  ; 
the  moft  of  the  houfes  being  Iniilt  un- 
der a  hill  which  riff s  W.  of  the  town. 
It  has  between  200  and  300  hoiiles, 
and  about  1500  inhabitants,  one  half 
of  whom  are  Dutch.  Quetn^s  College 
was  in  this  city,  but  is  now  extin£t  as 
a  place  of  inii'ru^ion.  There  is  a  con- 
/iderahle  inland  trade  carried  on  hire. 
One  of  the  mod  elegant  and  expenHve 
bridges  in  America,  h;is  been  built  over 
tl|e  nvcr  oppofite  this  city.  firuuAvick 
il  iSmiks  N.  E.of  Princetown,  60  N, 


B  R  U 

I^.  from  Philadelphia,  and  3$  S.  W^ 
from  New* York.  N.  lat.  40.  jO,  W^ 
long.  74s  30. 

Brunswick,  in  Cumberland  co. 
diftri^t  of  Maine,  contains  1387  inha- 
bitants,  and  lies  N.  E.  oi  Portland  30 
miles^  and  of  Bofton  151.  It  is  in  N^ 
lat.  43.  52.  on  the  S^  fide  of  Merry 
Meeting  Bay,  and  partly  o|i  the  S.  weft- . 
ern  fide  of  Androfcoggin  R;  Bowdoin 
College  is  to  be  ellnblrlhtd  in  this  town. 

Brunswick,  the  chief  town  of 
Glynn  co.  Georgia,  is  fituated  at  the 
mouth  of  Turtle  R.  where  it  emptier 
into  St.  Simon's  found,  N.  lat.  31.  10'. 
It  has  a  fafe  harbour,  and  AifHciently 
capacious  to  contain  a  large  fleet.  A1-' 
though  there  is  a  bar  at  the  entrance  of 
the  harbour,  it  has  depth  of  water  for 
the  largeft  fliip  that  fwims.  The  town 
is  regularly  laid  out,  but  not  yet  built. 
From  its  advantageous  fituation,  and 
from  the  fertility  of  the  back  country,- 
it  piomifes  to  be  one  of  the  molt  com- 
mercial and  flourifliing  places  in  the 
ftate.  Itliesl9milci>S.  ol  Darien;  6» 
S.  S.  W.  fro/n  Savannah,  and  iioS.  £. 
from  Louil'ville. 

Brunswick  Houfe,  oi>e  of  the  Hud- 
fon  Bay  Company's  I'ettK-ments,  It- 
tuated  on  Mooli:  R.  half  way  from  it< 
mouth;  S.  W.  from  James's  Bay,  and 
N.  £.  from  Lake  Superior.  N.  laN 
50.  30.  W. long.  S:.  30. 

Brunswick,  New,  one  of  the  four 
Britifli  provinces  in  N.  America,  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  hy  the  N.  Ihores  of 
the  bay  of  Fundy,  and  by  the  river 
Mifliquafh  to  its  fource,  and  from 
thence  by  a  due  E.  line  to  Vcrtc  Bayj 
and  on  the  W.  by  a  line  to  run  due  N. 
trom  the  main  fcurce  of  St.  Croix  R. 
in  Pafi'amaquoddy,  to  the  high  landr 
which  divide  the  llrcams  which  fall  in- 
to the  liver  St.  Lawreiice,  and  the  bay 
of  Fundy:  and  from  thence  by  the 
foutliern  boundary  of  the  colony  of 
Qiiebec  until  it  touches  the  fea  Ihore 
at  the  weftcrn  extremity  of  the  bay  .of 
Chaleurj  then  lollowing  the  courfc  of 
the  fea  fliore  to  the  bay  <.f  Verte,  (i« 
the  Art  Its  of  Nortluimbeikind)  until  it 
meets  the  termination  oi'  Lhecaftcrn  line 
produced  i\< m  the  i'ource  ot  the  Milii 
quafl)  above  rpcntioned,  including  uU 
the  iilands  within  the  faid  limits. 

The  chief  towns  are  .9^  Johti^s,  tite 
capital,  Fri'dttickto=wn,  67.  AHeirnvs,  Sc 
St,  An/tj  the  prclentfl«*'t  ot  government. 

The 


•rica,  18 
tores  of 
Ihe  liver 
id  from 
,tc  Bay } 
Uue  N. 
Iroix  K. 
til   lan«1r 

tall  iu- 
|the  bay 

by  the 
>lony  of 
Tea  Ihorc 

bay  oir 
;ouifc  of 
irtc,  (i» 

until  it 

krn  line 
Je  Miiii 
|ding  uU 

tns,  til? 
Y^ws,  St 
(inmt'ni!. 

■rue 


BUC 

The  {Nrlnctptl  riven  ?re  St.  )ohn*i, 
Mq^egadavick,  or  '.^itcm  R.  Oickwar- 
fet»  St.  Croix,  Merrimichi,  Petitcodiac, 
Memramcook  t  ait,  the  %  laft  excepted, 
etimty  into  Pafeunacjuoddy  bay. 

St.  Joiin's  R.  opens  a  vaft  extent  of 
fine  coontry,  on  which  are  rich  inter- 
valet  and  meadow  landi )  mod  of 
which  are  Atded  and  under  improve* 
ment.  The  upland  is  in  general  well 
timbered.  The  trees  are  pine  and 
fpruce,  hemlock  and  hard  wood,  prin- 
cipally beech,  birch,  maple,  ami  fome 
am.  The  pinea  on  St.  John's  R.  are 
the'  latgeft  to  foe  met  with  in  Britifti 
America,  and  afford  a  confiderable  I'up- 
ply  of  mails  tor  the  royal  navy. 

The  rivers  which  fall  into  Paffama- 
ouoddy  Bay,  have  intervales  and  mea- 
dows on  their  banks,  and  muft  formerly 
have  been  covered  with  9  large  growth 
of  timber ;  as  the  remains  ot  large 
trunks  are  yet  to  be  feen.  A  racing 
fire  palTed  through  that  countiy,  \n  a 
very  dry  ftalbn,  according  to  Indian 
accounts,  50  years  ago,  and  fpread  de- 
ftru6lion  to  tn  iramenfe  extent.  For 
other  particulars  relpefUng  this  pro- 
vince, fee  the  articles  feparateiy,  and 
fJov0-Scotia,  BrHtJb  Amertca,  Sec 

Brunswick  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  be- 
tween Nottaway  and  Meherrin  rivers, 
and  is  about  3S  miles  long,  and  35 
broad,  and  contains  11,817  inhabitants, 
including  6776  flavcs. 

BauTVS,  a  military  townfhip  in 
New- York,  through  which  runs  Sene- 
ca R.  Here  the  river  receives  the  wa- 
ters of  Owafco  L.  from  the  S.  £.  thro" 
the  towns  of  Aurelius  and  Scipio.  Bru- 
tus lies  II  miles  N.  E.  from  theN.  end 
of  Cayuaga  Lake,  and  19  S.  S.  E.  from 
Lake  Ontario. 

Bruynswick,  a  plantation  in  Ulfter 
county,  New-York. 

Bryan,  a  CO.  ip  Georgia,  adjoining 
Chatham  co.  on  the  W.  and  S    W. 

Bryant'/  Lick,  a  S.  E.  branch  of 
Green  R.  the  mouth  of  which  is  about 
a7  miles  E.  of  Craig's  Fort,  and  10  E. 
of  Sulphur  Spring,  in  Mercer's  county, 
Kentucky. 

Buckingham  Houfe,  in  New  South 
Wales,  lies  N.  wetterly  fiom  Hudlon 
Houfe,  and  ftands  on  the  northent  (ide 
of  Saflcafhttwen  R.  near  its  iburce,  and 
is  the  weftemmojl;  of  all  the  Hudfon 
Bay  company's  fettlemcnts,  JN.  lat. 
{4*  W.  long.  110.  ao. 


BVCK  ffarb9nr,  'm  Hancock  eo.  dif- 
tria  of  Maine,  lies  W.  of  Mac  bias,  and 
contains  6t  inhabitants. 

Buck  IfiatUt  one  of  the  Icfler  Virgin 
Ifles,  fituated  on  the  E.  of  St.  Thomaa, 
in  St.  Jameses  Paflage.  Lat.  it.  15. 
N.  long.  6 J.  30.  W. 

BvcKLAND,  atownfliip  in  Hamp- 
(hirc  CO.  Maflachufetts,  containing  71$ 
inhabitants}  lao  ntilea weftward  from 
Bofton. 

BucKLBSTowN,in  Berkley  co.  Vir- 
ginia, is  a  village  t  miles  diflant  from 
Martiniburg,  and  a  50  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

BucKit  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  lies  S. 
W.  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  feparatcd 
from  Jerfey  by  Delaware  R.  on  the  S. 
E.  and  N.  E.  and  has  iiiorthampton  co. 
on  the  N.  W.  It  contains  15,401  In- 
habitants,  includine  1 14  (laves.  Bucks 
is  a  well  cultivated  county,  containing 
4t  1,990  acres  of  land,  i  ad  is  divided  into 
27  towndiips,  the  chief  of  which  i»  New- 
tov^  n.  It  abounds  with  lime>ftone,  and 
in  fome  nlacts  are  found  iron  and  lead 
ove.  There  is  a  remarkable  hill  in  the 
,M.  end  of  the  county  called  Haycock, 
in  the  townfliip  of  the  fame  name.  It 
is  1 5  miles  in  circumfeiTnce,  having  a 
gradual  afcent,  and  from  its  fummit  ia 
a  delightful  profpcA.  The  waters  of 
Tohickon  Creek  walh  it  on  all  fides  ex- 
cept the  weft. 

Buck  sto  wn,  in  Hancock  co.  didrilSt 
of  Maine,  on  the  £.  fide  of  Penobfcet 
R.  contains  3 1 6  inhabitants  :  and  lies 
i6o  miles  N.  E.  from  Bofton. 

BucKTOWN,  in  Dorchefter  county, 
Maiyland,  It  .  between  Blackwatcr  and 
Tranfquacking  crct-ks,  11  miles  from 
their  mouths  at  Fiftiing  Bay,  and  8f 
niiies  S.  E.  from  Cambridge. 

BtTCKTOWN,  a  town(hip  in  Cumber- 
land  CO.  diitrift  of  Maine,  near  Port- 
land, containing  45  3  inhabitants. 

BuDDS  Valley,  a  place  in  Morris  co. 
N.  Jeiicy,  fituated  on  the  head  waters  of 
Rariton. 

BuE  N-AiRE,  one  of  the  Leeward  Iflea 
in  the  Wtft- Indies  It  is  Imali  j  lies 
eaftwaixl  of  Cura^oa,  and  belongs  to  the 
Dulch. 

Buenos  Ayres,  is  one  of  the  moft 
conliderable  towns  in  South-America, 
and  the  only  place  of  tmffio  to  the 
i'uuthward  of  Brazil.  It  is  the  capital 
of  Paraguay,  or  La  Plata,  in  the  S.  di- 
vifionand  piQvinccof  LaPtata.  S.  lar,34. 

E  33. 


BU  9 


Y^f  loag,  J7.  €4.    Thi#  citf  « t 
(reU  fortified^  and  de> 


bfmopS  fee7  U  wel 

fended  by  t  numeroui  aiiillery.  It  bai 
aQ  elegant  cathedral,  a  finall  Indian 
ch)irch,  and  about  40QP  boiiret.  The 
hourea  ire  nncrally  two  ftorlea  highi 
fbme  built  oT chalk,  and  others  of  bricic  j 
nioft  of  thefe  »re  tiled.  Buenoa  Ayrea 
hail  Ua  ni^me  on  account  of  the  excel- 
lence  of  the  air,  and  in  fituated  on  tbic 
8.  fide  of  the  river  La  Plata,  where  it 
if  7  ki|8ue*  broad,  50  leasuea  from  the 
fea.  Tiic  fliipi  get  to  it  by  i'ailing  up 
>  rly:r  that  wants  depth,  ii  full  of 
idands,  (hoaU  and  rocks }  and  where 
ftornta  are  more  frequent  ajid  dreadful, 
than  pn  the  ocean*  it  is  neceflary  to 
anchor  every  night  at  the  fpot  where 
they  come  to  {  and  on  the  moft  moile- 
|rate  days,  a  pilot  mult  go  to  found 
the  way  fo|r  tne  (hip.  After  having 
reached  within  three  leaguea  of  the 
city,  the  (^ips  are  obliged  to  put  their 
gooda  on  board  fome  light  vefl'el,  and 
tp  go  to  refit,  and  wait  for  their  car- 
goes at  Icunado  de  Barragan,  fituated 
7  or  9  leagues  below. 

Here  we  meet  with  the  merchants 
of  Europe  and  Peru}  but  no  regular 
:f|eet  comes  here  ai  to  the  other  parts 
(pfSpanUh  America}  »,  or  at  moft  3, 
regifter  Ihips,  make  the  whole  of  tlieir 
regular  inrercourfe  with  Europe.  The 
returns  are  chiefly  gold  and  filver  of 
Chili  and  Ptni,  fugar  and  hides.  Thole 
yifho  have  now  and  then  carried  on  a 
contraband  trade  to  tins  cttv,  have 
found  it  more  advantageous  tdan  any 
other  whatever.  The  benefit  of  this 
contraband  is  now  wholly  in  the  hands 
of  the  Portugucfr,  who  keep  maga- 
ilnss  for  that  purpofc,  in  fuch  parts  of 
Brazil  as  lie  near  this  country. 

The  moft  valuable  commodities 
come  here  to  be  exchanged  for  Euro- 
pean eoods,  fuch  as  Vigogma  wool 
from  Peru,    copper   from  Coquimbo, 

r3ld  from  Chili,  and  filver  from  Potofi. 
rom  the  towns  of  Corientes  and  Para- 
guay, the  former  150,  the  latter  500 
Kagues  from  Buenos  Ayres,  are  brought 
hither  the  fineft  tobacco,  fugars,  cot- 
ton, thread,  yellow  wax,  and  cotton 
cloth;  and  from  Paraguay,  the  herb, 
fo  called,  and  lb  highly  valued,  being 
a  kind  of  tea  drank  all  over  $.  America 
by  the  better  fort ;  which  one  branch 
is  computed  to  amount  to  a  million  of 
^tccea  of  ei^t,  aanuaily^  all  paid  in 


BUI^ 

foodfi  po  mpney  being  allawad  to  jnlb 
here.  The  commerce  between  PtrW' 
and  Bupioa  Ayres  is  chiefly  fpr  cattlt 
and  mules  to  an  immenfc  value.  Wbcii 
the  Eftgliflihad  the  advantage  of  th»\ 
AfTicn^p  contraA,  negro  davca  were 
brought  hither  by  fafturs^  and  fold  to 
the  Spauiardt.— It  ws^a  founded  by  Don 
Pedro  de  Mcndoaa,  in  ijj j»  but  after- 
wiurds  abandoned.  In  15449  another 
colony  of  Spaniards  camfi  here,  who 
left  it  alfo }  but  it  was  rebuilt  in  islSf 
and  is  at  prefent  inhabited  b^  8paniarda 
and  native  Americans.  It  is  furround- 
ed  by  a  fpacious  plain,  ami  uleafanfc 
country,  abounding  with  all  good 
things}  and  iiicie  is  perhaps  no  placa 
in  the  univerfe  where  meat  is  better  oi' 
cheaper.  See  la  Plata  R.  unAprtvmct. 

BuFFALOC  Lake,\n  Hi  it.  America,  i« 
near  Copper  Mine K.  N.  late  6a.  30.  W* 
long,  from  Greenwich  110.  The. Cop- 
per Mine  Indianii  inhabit  tins  country. 

BuFFALOb  Lick.     Sec  Great  RiJgt, . 

BVFFALOH  Crtikt  in  Nevv-York,  it 
a  water  of  Niagara  R.  from  the  E.  into 
which  it  empties,  near  iti  mouth,  op> 
pofite  Lake  Erie.  The  Seneca  Indiana 
have  a  town  5  miles  from  its  mouth, 
which  is  able  to  furniih  ^o  warriors,, 
N.  lat.  4->.  sa* 

BuFFALOC,  atownfhip  W.  of  Suf- 
qi'.channi  R.  in  Pennlylvania.  Se^ 
Nortbumbtrland  County, 

BvFFALOE  R.  in  the  Tenneftec  go- 
vernment, runs  S.  weftward  into  Ten* 
neftce  K.  in  N.  lat.  }$•  10. 

BuFi'ALOE  R,  a  water  of  the  Ohio* 
which  it  enters  at  the  S.  hank,  60  milea 
above  the  mouth  of  the  ^  •''abaih. 

Buff  ALOE  Low  Lands  ^  i.  tiafl  of 
land  in  Northumberland  co.  Pennfyi- 
vania,  about  88  miles  S.  £.  from  Prelique 
Ifie. 

Buffaloe  Snuampt  inPennfylvania.^ 
See  Great  Swamp-    ,. 

BucARALLi  Point,  on  the  N*  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lies  in  the  54th 
degree  of  N.  lat.  and  39th  of  W.  long* 
and  forms  the  N.  eaftern  fide  of  pixon'f 
Entrance,  as  Wafliington  or  Qufen 
Charlotte's  lUands  foim  its  S,  weflien| 
tide. 

BulfinchV  Harbour,  Co  named  by 
Capt.  Ingraham,  on  the  N,  W.  coaq 
of  N.  America,  lies  in  N.  lat.  46.  5a|» 
W.  long.  yaj.  7^ 

Bullit's  Lick,  lies  on  Salt  R.  ii) 
Kentucky,  from,  whi^^b  Halt  %ring  thf 

river 


river  takM  Sti  Mint.  It  Urn  midHm 
from  thi  lUpiilt  «f  the  Obio»  near 
Siitfburshi  and  U  th«  firft  that  wM 
worked  in  the  country. 

Bull  f/bmdf  one  of  the  s  Ulaoda 
which  form  thcN.  part  of  CharUlkown 
harbour,  8.  Cai-olina. 

BvLLOCK*e  F$iHt  ami  Ntckt  on  the 
caftcrn  fida  of  Providence  R.  Rhode- 1. 

BtiLLOCK,  a  new  county  in  Ocor- 
gia. 

Bulls  Ba^»  or  Balml  Bay,  a  noted 
bay  in  Newiuumiland  I.  a  little  to  the 
S.  of  St.  John'*  harbour,  on  the  E.  fide 
of  that  idand.  It  ha«  14  fathom  water, 
and  is  very  fate,  being  land-locked.— 
The  only  danger  is  a  ruck^  ao  yards 
from  Bread-aml-Checfe  Point,  another 
with  9  feet  water  off  Mogotty  Cove. 
Lat.  50.  so.  N.  long.  57.  lo.  W. 

Bulls  iflandt  a  fmall  ifle  N.  of 
Charlcftuwn  ttaihour.     See  S,  Canlka. 

BuLLHKiN,  a  townfhip  in  Fayette  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

BuNCOMB,  the  lareeftand  moftwcft- 
em  county  of  Nortn  Carolina,  and 
perhaps  the  moft  mountainous  and  hil- 
ly in  the  United  States.  It  is  in  Mor- 
gan difti  iA,  bounded  W.  bv  the  ftate 
of  Tenneflee)  and  S.  by  the  ftate  of 
South  Carolina.  The  Blue  Ridge  paf- 
fes  through  Buncomb,  and  gives  riie  to 
many  large  rivers,  as  Catabaw,  Wa- 
teree,  Broad  R.  and  Pacolet. 

BuROEO  Jflttt  lie  in  White  Bear  Bay, 
Newfoundland  I.  Great  Burgeo*  or 
Kdipfe  I.  lies  in  N.  lat.  47. 35.  W.  long. 

57.  SI. 

Burke  Co.  in  Morgan  diftriA,  N. 
Carolina,  has  Si  18  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 595  flavcs.  Its  capital  is  Morgan- 
town. 

BuRKB  Ce.  in  the  Lower  diftri^l  of 
Georgia,  contains  9467  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 595  flaves.  Its  chief  town  are 
Louifville,  and  Waynefliorough. 

BuRKB,  a  townmip  in  Cakdonla  co. 
in  Vermont  j  diftant  from  Bennington, 
134  miles  N.  £. 

Burlington,  a  townfliip  in  Otfego 
CO.  New-York,  was  divided  into  two 
towns  in  1797,  by  an  a£l  of  the  Icgifla- 
ture. 

Bur  LiNCTON,  is  a  pleadmt  townfliip, 
the  chief  in  Chittenaon  co.  Vermont, 
fituated  on  :he  S.  fide  of  Onion  R.  on 
the  E.  banic  of  Lake  Champlain.  It 
has  332  inhabitants.  It  is  in  this 
huiUby  and  agreeable  fituattoo,  that 


BUE  %$ 

tht  tomor  and  ptivMt  «r  ih»  o4> 
lege  of  Vennmtt  iaMnd  \»  fetuad  • 
fenimrjr  of  lMraUig»  where  youth  «| 
all  deMiniaatiena  ma/  rac<ivt  an  a^w* 
cation.  « 

In  digging  a  well  about  if  roda  §nm 
tht  bank  of  the  iiver»  froga  have  be«9 
found,  at  the  depth  of  %$  fiMt,  wharf 
no  eavitieaor  communication  withtbf 
water  appeared,  tluough  which  they 
might  have  paffled  |  and  when  cxpoM 
to  the  heat  of  the  fun,  they  became  fvik 
of  life  and  aHivity.  Here  ftumpa  of 
trees  are  found  40  feet  deep.  It  h 
conje£lured  that  theff  animals  mut 
have  been  covered  up  Ibme  hundred 
years  ago,  b^  fone  inundation  of  the 
river.  Burlington  is  aa  miles  norther- 
ly of  VergsnncB,  tst  from  Bennii^ont 
and  33«  in  tne  fame  dircAion  trom 
New. York  city,  N.  lat.  44.  30. 

Burlington,  or  OtutuflMi  Baj, 
on  the  £.  fide  of  LakeChampMin,  about 
34  miles  N.  by  £.  from  Crown  Poin^ 
69  S.  £.  from  Lake  St.  Francia  in  Su 
Lawrence  R.  and  70  foutherly  from  SCu 
John's.     N.  let.  44.  «a. 

Burlington  Ce.  in  New.JcrAf» 
extends  acrol's  from  the  Atlantic  ocean 
OH  the  S.  E.  to  Delaware  R.  and  part 
of  Huntingdon  co.  on  the  N.  W.  in 
length  about  60  miles.  A  great  pro- 
portion of  it  is  barren  {  about  |tha  of 
It,  however,  is  under  good  cultivation, 
and  is  generally  level,  and  is  prettf 
well  watered.  It  has  18,095  inhabit- 
ants,  including  aa7  flavca. 

Burlington,  city,  the  chief  town 
of  the  above  county,  is  under  the  go« 
vcrnment  of  a  mayor,  aldermen,  and 
common  council.  The  extent  of  the 
tuwiiQiip  ia  3  miles  along  the  Del%> 
ware,  and  a  mile  back  {  Dcing  about 
18  miles  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  11 
from  Trenton.  The  itland,  which  ia 
the  moft  populous  part,  ia  about  a  nile 
each  way.  It  has  4  entrances  over 
bridges,  ami  caufeways,  and  a  quantity 
of  bank  meadow  adjoining.  On  the 
ill  and  arc;  about  i6ohouies,  1000  white, 
and  140  black  inhabitants )  few  of  the 
latt  are  flaves.  The  main  ftreets  are 
conveniently  (jpacious,  and  moftly  of- 
namented  with  rows  of  ti-ees.  The 
town  is  oppofite  Briftol  in  Pennfylva- 
nia, where  the  river  is  atiout  a  mile 
wide.  Under  the  ftielter  of  Mittinicunfc 
and  Burlington  iflands,  is  a  fafe  harbcwrt 
commodiouilly  fituatcd  for  tnwlei  Irat 

£a  ^to« 


60 


BtJT 


tUb  nmr  the  0|iulcnt  city  of  PhitedeU 
^hkto  admit  of  any  eonfidenible  in- 
creafe  of  foreign  commerce.  Bur1ing« 
MH  was  firit  ftttted  in  1677*  and  Kas 
•naeadcmvand  free  fchool.  Mittini* 
tiiak  T.  bcwnga  to  the  latter*  and  yields 

•  yiearty  pront  of  £.  180.  Burling 
tan  hss  »  place  of  public  worfliip  for 
thfe  Priendi,  and  another  for  the  E)iif> 
<0paliana|  the  former  denomination 
0r  chnftiant  are  th;.  moft  numerous. 
Here  km  two  1  tarket  houfes,  a  court- 
koufCf  and  thcbeft  gaol  in  the  Arte. 
T^cre  ic  likewife  a  nail  mamifaA  ry, 
•lid  an  excellent  diftillcry.  N.  lat.  40. 8. 

•  BvRLiNOTOir,  a  townfliip  on  the 
«tftem  fjdeof  UnadUhi  R.  in  Otfego 
CO.  New^York,  is  1 1  miles  W.  of  Coo- 

'  |kerflown.  By  ;he  (tate  CenAis  of  1796, 
438  of  its  inhabitants  are  ele£lors. 

Burnt-Coat  IJhxd,  See  PfMb- 
Jtvt  Bay, 

Burton,  r-  fmall  townfliif  in  Graf, 
ton  CO.  New.Hampfhitet  which  was  in- 
corporafd  in  1766,  and  coiHaios  141 
jAhahitants. 

Burton,  a  townHiip  in  the  Britiih 
province  of  New-Srunrwick,  fituated 
m  Sunbury  co.  on  the  river  St.  John. 

Busby  fonun,  in  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo,  lies  near  Port-au-Prince,  and 
has  a  fort. 

BvsHTVwff.  See  Harford,ManlaK(i. 

BusHwiCK,  a  fmall,  but  pfeifsim 
town,  in  King's  co.  Long  I.  New- York. 
The  inhabitants,  540  in  number,  are 
chiefly  ot  Dutch  extraAionj  99  of 
tHefe  are  eleAors. 

Bv iHY  Ruu;  aN.  E.  branch  of  Se- 
isrickly  Creek,  near  the  head  of  which 
ia  General  Boquet's  Field.  The  creek 
Tuns  S.  wefterly  into  Youghiogrny  K. 
so  miles  €.  E,  from  Pittlburg,  in  ?enA- 
lylvania. 

Bustard  R.  in  Upper  Canada,  runs 
into  St.  Lawrence  R.  S.  wreftward  of 
Black  R.  in  a  bay  of  its  own  name.  It 
ftins  a  great  way  inland.  ?nd  has  com- 
munication with  feve  jl  lakes ;  and  at. 
itn TiOuth  lie  the  Ofiers  Iflands.  N.  lat. 
49.  «o.  W.  long;.  68.  5. 

Butler'/  Totwi,  on  the  W.  fide  of 
the  head  w&ters  of  the  Ohio. 

Butt fRFi ELD,  a  fetttlement  in 
Cumberland  co.  didriA  of  Maine,  hav- 
ing 189  inhabitants.  It  lies  about  43 
mUes  N.  fron^  Falmouth, on  CafcoBay ; 
having  ButteiHcld  Slip  on  the  N.  and 
Bucktown  en  chiiitourh. 


B  YR 

.Btrt4-ERHitL,  a  high  round  hill,  e.i 
the  W.  bMik  of  Hudfon  river,  at  tiw 
northern  entrance  of  the  highlands.  In 
paifing  this  hill,  afcending  the  river;, 
thepaflenger  isprefented  with  a  charm- 
ing view  of  New-Windfor  and  New- 
burgh. 

Button'/  Boj^,  m  the  W.  part  of 
Hudfon  bay,  N.ot,  and  near  to  Church-< 
hill  River.  Sir  Thomas  Button  loft 
his  fliip  here,  and  came  hack  in  a  floop 
I'uilt  in  the  country.  Suite's  JJIes  lie 
on  the  fouthem  fide  of  Hudfon  ftraitS) 
at  the  entrance  of  Cape  Chidley.  * 

BuXALOON's,  an  Indian  town  on  the 
N.  W.  bank  of  Alleghany  R.  j  nearly 
15  miles  iirom  Fort  Franklin,  at  its 
mouth. 

Buxton,  a  townfliip  in  York  co. 
diftrift  of  Maine,  fituated  on  SacoR. ) 
t6  miles  N.  wcft<:rly  from  Pepperclbo- 
rough,  at  the  mouth  of  that  nvef,  and 
1 18  miles  N.  E.  of  Bofton ;  containing 
1^64  inhabitants. 

Buzzard'/  Bay,  in  MafTachufetts, 
together  with  Barnftable  Bay  on  the 
N.  E.  form  the  peninfiila  whow  extremi- 
ty is  called  Cape  Cod.  It  lies  betweetf 
N.  lat.  41.  25.  and4t.4«.  and  between 
70.  38.  and  71.  10.  W.  long,  froni 
Greenwich,  running  into  the  land  about 
30  miles  N.  £.  by  N.  ^nd  its  breadth 
at  an  average  is  about  7  miles.  Its  en- 
trnr)cehasSeakonet  Point  and  rocks  W. 
anu  the  Sow  and  Pigs  off  the  S.  W.  end 
of  Cattahunk,  one  of  the  Elisabeth 
iflands,  on  the  Eaft. 

Byberry,  a  townfliip  in  Philadel- 
phia CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Byefield,  a  parifli  in  Newbury, 
Efliexco.  MafTachiifetts.  In  a  quarry 
of  limeflone  .tcve,  is  found  the  t'jbtjlott 
or  incorruptible  cotton,  as  it  is  fome- 
times  called.  Beautifully  variegated 
marble,  which  admits  a  good  poliOi^ 
has  likewife  been  found  in  the  (Ume  vi- 
cinity. Here  is  alfo  a  flourilhing  wool- 
en nmnufaAory  ellabiilhed  on  a  liberal 
fcale :  and  niachineiy  for  cutting  n^iils. 

Byram  R.  \t  a  fmall  ftreain,  only 
noticeable  as  forming  part  of  thr  T- 
em  boundary  of  Conne£licut.  I  >^Ji. 
into  Long  I.  tbund,  oppofite  Captain's 
Iflands. 

ByranToovw,  in  Charles  CO.  Mary, 
land,  is  about  9  miles  N.  E.  from  Port 
Tobacco }  and  ^4  S.  £.  from  the  Fede» 
ral  City. 

Byrd,  Fort,  Uci  on  the  eallem 

biult 


ill,  en 
it  the 
.  In 
river;. 
b«rm- 
New- 

partof 
liurch-» 
n  loft 
a  (loop 
lies  lie 

ftraits, 

ft 

on  the 
ntarly 
at  its 

'ork  CO, 
aco  R< } 
perelbo- 
«^-,  and 
ntaining 

chufetts,  I 
on  the 
cxtremif  - 
betweerf 
,  between 
>ng.  fiort 
,na  about 

breadth 

Its  en- 
ocka  W. 
I.W.end 

lisabeth 

|philadd> 

lowburyt 
la  quarry 

ijbt/let, 

18  fome- 

priegated 

ti  poli(h| 

feme  vi- 
lingwool- 

a  liberal 
kng  n^iU* 
taift,  only 
Ithr       ^- 

|Captun'» 

to.  Mary. 
irom  Port 
Ithe  Fed«» 

Ke  etfttfA 
bauk 


C  MB 

bank  of  Monongabela  K.{  on  the 
$•  fide  of  the  mouth  ot  Ked*  Stone 
Creek  j  3 « miles  S.  fi-om  Pitifburg,  and 
about  J9  N.  W.  from  Ohiooyle  Falls. 
On  or  near  this  fpot  ftands  the  coa>jf*Si 

£art  of  the  town  of  BrowniVille.    N. 
it.  39. 58.  W.  long.  81.  i«. 
ByronV  Bai/»  on  the  N.  £.  coaft  of 
Labnulcr. 


CABARRUS,  a  new  to.  in  the  dif- 
trlft  of  Sali(bury,  North- Carolina. 

Cabha,  ct  Cabella,  a  cape  on  the 
coaft  of  Terra  Finna,  in  6.  America. 
!  .  lat.  10.  3, 

Cabin  Point,  a  fmall  poft  town  in 
Suny  CO.  Virginia,  fitualed  on  Upper 
Chipoak  creek,  a6  miles  E,  S.  E.  ot  Pe- 
teribargh,  87fromPortfmouth,  and  329 
S.  S.  W.  ot  Philadelphia.     N.  lat.  37. 

Cai^o  DU  CrV7  ,  a  bold  point  of  land 
en  the  S.  fulc  of  the  iiland  of  Cuba. 
N.lat.  19.  57* 

(  iBQ  DE  St.  Juan,  the  N.  eaftem- 
raod  point  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Kico. 
N.  lat.  t8.  30. 

Cabot,  a  townihip  in  Caledonia  co. 
Vermont.  It  is  fituated  on  the  height 
of  land  between  lake  Champlain  and 
Connecticut  R.  about  17  miles  frnnthe 
1 5  mile  falls  in  the  above  named  R.  and 
contains  iioi  inhabitants. 

Cabron,  Cape,  the  N.  E.  point  of 
Prefque  ifle  de  Samana,  in  the  iiland  of 
St.  Domingo,  1  a  leagues  S.  E.  by  £.  of 
oi'j  Cape  Francois,  N.  lat.  i^.  13. 

Cacapehon,  a  river  ot  Virginia, 
which  runs  al)out  70  miles  N.  ealierly 
along  the  wellern  fide  of  Nor^.h  Ridge, 
and  empties  into  Putowmack  R.  30 
miles  N.  from  Frederic kftown. 

Cachi-mayo,  a  large  R.  in  Peru,  S.. 
America,  which  falls  into  the  ocean 
within  a  leagues  of  La  Plata. 

Cadiz,  a  town  on  the  N.  fide  of  the 
illaad  of  Cuba,  near  160  miles  £.  ql 
Havannah,  and  50  N.  from  Spiritu 
Santo. 

Caen,  the  chief  city  of  Cayenne,  in 
French  Guiam,  in  S.  America.  See 
Cayenne. 

CASRNAnvoN,  a  townfliip  in  Lan- 
cafterco.  Pcnnlylvania. 

CiESARiA  i?.  or  Cobanfie  Creek,  in 
New  Jerlty,  empties  into  Delaware 
Bay,  alter  a  S.  wtfterly  courfc  of  about 
30  railes.    It  is  navigable  for  vwflcls  oi 


c  A  L  ir 

100  torn  as  ftr  M  BridgetoiM»  lemUe* 
from  ite  mouth. 

Caghmewaoa,  atribeof  lAdianfinr 
■Lower  Canada,  fome.  of  whom  iohabtt 
near  Montreal. 

Caohnewaoa,  the  name  of  a  fioa)! 
village  or  partfli  on  tbe  N.  fide  of  M»« 
hawk  R.  in  the  townfliip  of  Johnftown* 
about  14.  miles  W.  of  Schene^ady.  It 
is  not  improbable  that  the  tribe  of  In* 
dians  mentioned  in  the  preceding  «- 
tide  formerly  inhabited  this  place.' 
See  JobttJIoviM. 

Cahoxia,  a  fettlcment  in  the  N. 
weftern  territory,  N.  of  Kafkaikiae. 

Calabeza,  a  town  of  8.  America* 
in  Terra  Firma,  on  Oroonoko  river. 

Calcaylarm,  a  jurifdi£lion  in  S* 
America,  and  empire  of  Peru,  fubjeft 
to  the  bifliop  of  Colco,  about  4  lea^piea 
W.  of  that  city;  exuberant  in  all  kind* 
of  grain  and  fruits,  and  fugar  equal  to 
any  of  the  refined  fugar  of  Europe. 
Formerly  it  produced  80,000  arobas  $ 
but  the  quantity  is  nowfaid  to  be  much 
lei's. 

CA'i'Ats,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia  eo. 
Verifiont,  105  miles  N.  eafterly  of  Ben« 
nington.     It  has  45  inhabitants. 

Caldersburgh,  a  townfliip  in  Or- 
leans CO.  in  Vermont,  is  about  15^ 
miles  N.  E.  from  Bennington,  and  it 
W.  of  Conne6ticut  river. 

CALEOONiA,NEW,avery  large  ifland 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  W.  and  not  far 
diflant,  from  the  New  Hebiides,  firft 
difcovcred  by  Capt.  Cook,  in  1774.  It 
is  about  87  leagues  long ;  its  breadth 
is  various  and  no  where  exceeds  ten 
leagues.  It  is  inhabited  by  a  race  of 
(tout,  tall,  well  proportioned  Indiana 
uf  a  fwarthy  or  dark  cheijiut  brown. 
A  kw  leagues  ditfant  are  two  fmall 
iflands,  called  ifland  of  Piitei  and  So' 
tany  ifland. 

Caledonia  Co.  in  Vermont,  con« 
tains  14.  townlhips  and  has  Coniie£>icut 
river  S.  E.;  Orleans  and  Chittenden 
counties  N.  W.  j  E<1".x  co.  N.  E. }  and 
Orange  co.  of  which,  until  lately,  it 
formed  a  part,  S.  W. 

Caledonia,  a  portontheilthmusof 
Daricn,  in  the  N.  bca,  25  leagues  N. 
W.  from  the  river  Ati  ato.  It  wis  at- 
tempted to  be  cltabliflied  by  the  Scotch 
nation  in  1698,  and  iiad  at  fixft  all  the 
pruiniling  appeal ance  of  iiccel's  {  but 
the  Englifli  iidlueiiced  by  imnov»  xm^ 
tional   prejudice^,  jput  every   impe(!i> 

£3  psf 


im  C  A  L 

incnl  in  tiMir  i«tf }  which  johed  to 
tlie  unhcakhinefs  of  the  climatct  de« 
tttmfA  the  infant  colony.    See  Darhn. 

CAti,  a  eity  of  New  Granada,  S. 
America,  fituated  on  the  river  Cauca. 
Theftapk  port  for  this  city,  a$  alTo  Foi- 
thtfis  of  Popayan,  Santa  Fe,  and  the 
famhem  parts  of  Terra  Pirma,  is  Bon* 
M«&tura  in  the  diftriA  of  Popayan. 
TIm  road  by  land  fiom  that  port  is  not 
jMiilible  for  beafta  of  burden  ;.fe  that 
UwreUers,  with  their  baggage,  are  car- 
ried on  the  backs  of  Indians  in  a  chair, 
with  which  weight  they  crofs  rivers  and 
mountains,  being  entirely  Haves  to  the 
S|l»aniard8,  who  thus  Aibftitute  them  in 
the  room  of  horfes  and  mules.  N. 
lat.  3.  1 5.  W.  long.  76.  30. 

Camiogie  /{ftvr  and  Sound,  on  the 
ooaft  of  S.  Carolina,  from  the  outlet  of 
May  and  ^w  rivets. 

CALirORNtA,  anextenfivepeninfula 
of  N.America,  lying  between  the  tropic 
of  Cancer  and  the  38.  N.  lat. }  waAied 
on  the  ]^.  by  a  gulph  of  the  fame  name, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  ocean,  or 
great  S.  See ;  lying  within  the  three 
capes  or  limits  of  Cape  St.  Lucas,  the 
river  Collerado  and  Cape  Blanco  de 
80a  Sebaftian«  which  is  called  its  weft- 
em  limit.  The  gulf  which  \  ilhes  it 
on  the  £.  called  the  gulf  of  California, 
is  an  arm  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  inter- 
cepted between  Cape  Corientes  on  the 
one  fide,  and  Cape  St.  Lucas  on  the 
other  \  ihat  is  between  Mexico  or  New 
Spain  on  the  N.  E.  and  that  of  Califor- 
nia on  the  W,  The  length  of  Califor- 
nia is  about  300  leagueij,  in  breadth  it 
bears  no  proportion,  not  being  more 
than  40  leagues  acrofs,  from  Tea  to  fea. 
The  country  is  very  fruitful,  abounds 
with  domeftic  animals  brought  thitlier 
originsiiy  from  Spain,  and  with  fome 
wild  animals  not  known  in  Old  or  New- 
Spain.  The  climate  is  fultry,  the  heat 
in  fummer  being  excefllively  fevere. 
The  Roman  Catholics  talk  of  having 
met  with  confiderable  fuccefs  in  con- 
tHSiting  the  Caiiibrnians  toChriftianity. 
The  Chief  town  is  St   Juan. 

Cortes  difcovei'ed  tliis  country  in 
1536}  but  Sir  Frsnris  Drake  was  the 
firii  who  took  poffeiTion  of  it,  in  1578 ; 
^id  bis  right  was  confirmed  by  the 
principal  king  or  chief  in  the  whole 
oountry. 

Callao,  afea^port  town  in  the  rm- 
^  (tf  P        being  the  port  or  h»ibour 
...---•4  >    ■ 


t  Kh 

of  Lim«,  and  is  fituated  %  leiguci  fttm 
that  city.  On  the  N.  fide  runs  th« 
river  which  waters  Lima,  on  which  fide 
is  a  fhiall  fuburb  built  only  of  reeds. 
There  is  another  on  the  S.  fide }  they 
are  both  called  Pitipifti,  and  inhabited 
bv  Indians.  To  tne  E.  arc  cxtenfive 
plains,  adorned  with  beau^U.orcbaixli 
watered  by  canals  cut  fr<^P^rik  river. 
The  town,  which  is  built  on  a  low  flat 
point  of  land,  was  ftrongly  fortified  in 
the  reign  of  Philip  IV. ;  and  numerous 
batteries  command  the  port  and  road/ 
which  is  the  greateft,  fineft,  and  fafeft 
in  all  the  South  Sea.  There  is  anchor- 
age every  where  in  very  deep  water, 
without  danger  of  rocks  or  fiioals,  ex-* 
cept  one,  which  is  3  cables-length  from 
the  fliore,  about  the  m'ddle  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Lawrence,  oj<pofite  La 
Galatea.  The  little  ifland  of  Caliab 
lies  juft  before  the  town.  It.  the  open- 
ing between  thefe  two  iflands,  there 
are  two  finall  iflots,  or  rather  rocks ) 
there  is  alfo  a  third  very  low,  but  half 
a  league  out  at  fea,  S.  S.  £.  from  the 
N.  W.  point  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Law- 
rence. Near  the  fea-fide  is  the  go. 
vtrnor's  h  5ufe,  which,  with  the  viceroy's 
palace,  take  up  two  fides  of  a  fquarr  ^ 
the  parifli  church  makes  a  third  ;  and  a 
battery  of  3  pieces  of  cannon  forms  the 
fourth.  Tlie  churches  are  built  of 
cants  interwoven,  and  covered  with 
clay,  or  painted  white.  Here  are  5 
monafteries,  and  an  hoCpital-  The 
houfes  are  in  general  built  of  flight 
materials  i  the  lingular  circumftancc  of 
its  never  raining  in  this  country,  ren- 
ders ftone  houfes  unneceflaiy  ;  and 
befides,  thefe  are  mere  apt  to  fufler 
from  earthquakes,  which  are  frequent 
btre.  The  moft  remarkable  happened 
in  the  year  1746,  which  laid  |ths  of 
Lima  level  with  the  ground,,  and  en- 
tirely demoliflied  CaUao}  where  the 
deftru^ion  was  fo  entire,  that  only  one 
man,  of  3000  inhabitants,  was  left  to 
record  this  dreadful  calamity.  S.  lat. 
I  J.  I.  W.  long.  77. 

Caliacalles,    a  river   of  Chili 
which  falls  into  the  S.  Sea  at  Baldivia. 

CALHAquA,  a  town  and  harbour  at 
the  S.  W.  end  of  St.  Vincent,  one  of 
the  Caribbee  iflands.  The  harbour  i« ' 
the  beft  in  the  ifland,  and  draws  thither 
a  great  part  of  the  trade,  and  the  prin- 
cipal innabii  mts  of  the  ifland. 

C/VLO8,  a  bny  on  the  W.  coaft  ci 

tlw 


Ire  are  5 

The 
night 
i< 

try,  ren- 

I    and 

luffer 

'requtnt 

lapptned 

|ths  of 

and  en- 

lere    the 

)uly  one 

left  to 

S.  lat. 


coaft  of 
the 


CfAM 

tte  pialnMiL  of  E.  Florida,  ^^  are 
«<ielleKit  ftfliing  banks  and  grounds. 
Not  far  froAi  this  is  a  c6aftAtrih\h 
town  of  Seminole  Indians ^  The  Spa- 
tiiahis  frotii  Ctiha  take  great  qaaomies 
•f  afh  here*  and  barter  with  twin- 
dians  and  traders  for  fkins^  fiirs,  8tc. 
and  retugMM^h  tlieii'  cargoes  to  Cuba. 

CKmMmttt  m  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
N.  AmefRI,  lies  within  Briftol  Bay, 
on  the  northern  fide. 

Caln,  Ea/i  and  fTeJf,  two  town- 
fliips  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania. 

CalpoLaliPan,  a  mountain  in  New 
Mexico,  which  abounds  with  quarries 
of  jafp€r  and  marble  of  different  colours. 

Calvert  Co.  in  Maryland,  on  the 
W.  fliore  of  the  Chefapeak;  it  is 
about  33  miles  long,  and  narrow. 

Cam  AN  A,  a  jurifdi^tion  of  S.  Ame- 
rica, in  the  empire  of  Peru,  under 
the  bifliop  of  Arequipa,  very  exfeniive, 
but  full  of  defarts,  tome  diftance  from 
the  South  Sea  coaft.  Eaftward  it  ex- 
tends to  the  borders  of  the  Andes ; 
abounds  in  grain,  fruits,  and  fome  Gi- 
ver mines. 

Cambridge,  a  townlhip  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-Hampfljire,  E.  of  Androfcog- 
gin,  and  S.  of  Umbagog  Lake. 

Cambridge,  a  townlhip  in  Wafli- 
ington  CO.  New- York.  By  the  cenfus 
of  1790,  it  contained  4996  mhabitants, 
including  41  Haves.  By  the  ftate  cen- 
fus of  1796,  It  appeal's  there  are  623 
electors. 

CAMBRrDGE,  the  half  {hire  town  of 
Midcllefex  co.  Maflacluifetts,  is  one  of 
the  largeft  and  moft  rel'peftable  town- 
fhips  oi  the  coniUy.  Its  3  parifhes,  Cnni- 
bridge,  Littk  Cambridge:,  and  Menoto- 
my,  contain  3  Congregational  meeting 
houfeg,  one  for  BaptittiJ,  aiid  another 
for  Epifcopulians;  a  number  of  very 
^eafant  feats,  and  1115  inhabitants. 
The  -  elegant  bri'lge  which  connects 
this  town  with  Bollon  has  be.  n  dclcrib 
ed  undei'  the  head  of  Bofton.  The 
compail  part  of  the  bridge  is  plealkjitly 
fituated  3f  miles  wtftwnrd  of  Bofbn, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  Ciwrles  river,  over 
which  is  a  biidoe  leading  to  Little  Cam- 
bridge. It  contains  about  100  dwel- 
ling houfes.  Its  public  buildings,  be- 
fides  the  ediwces  which  belonir  to  Har- 
vard Univerfity,  are  the  Epifcopal  and 
Congregational  meetlng-houles,  and  a 
handibme  coiirt-houie.  The  college 
buildings  arc  4  in  number',  and  are  of 


brii:k,riathed  Harvard,  r  vndMaf- 

fachnfttts  Hj01i>  and  ^«a  Chapeli 
They  ftaiiS  on  a  beautifnl  green  which 
fpreads  to  th«  N^  W.  and  exhibit  • 
pleafing  vi^t  This  univerfity,  at  to 
Its  libraiy,  pfiilofophical  apparatus  and 
prdteiTorlhipSf  is  at  prelent  the  firft  li- 
terary inftitution  on  tnis  continent,  tt 
takes  its  date  from  the  year  1638^  7 
years  after  the  f.vfk  fettlement  in  the 
townfliip,  then  called  Newtonvn.  Since 
its  eftabliihment,  to  July,  i794-»  3399 
ftwdents  have  received  honcraiy  de. 
grees  from  its  fuccefllive  officers.  It 
has  generally  from  140  to  200  ftudents. 
The  library  contains  upwards  of  ix,o66 
volumes.  The  cabinet  of  minerals;  iii 
the  mufeum,  contains  the  more  ufefitl 
produflions  of  nature ;  and  excepting 
what  are  called  the  precious JioneSt  there 
are  veiy  few  fubftances  yet  difcovered 
in  the  mineral  kingdom,  but  w'aat  may 
be  found  here.  The  univerfity  owes 
this  noble  collection  of  minerals,  and 
feveral  other  natural  curiofities,  to  the 
munificence  of  Dr.  Lettlbm,  of  London, 
and  to  that  of  the  republic  of  France* 
N.  lat.  42.  23.  28.  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich  71.  7.  30. 

Cambridce,  a  poft  town  of  Ninety- 
Six  diftri£l,  in  the  upper  country  of 
S,  Carolina,  where  the  circuit  courts 
^re  held.  It  contains  about  6a  houfes, 
a  court-houfe  and  a  brick  gaol.  The 
college  by  law  inftituted  here  is  no  bet- 
ter than  a  grammar  fchool.  [See  Sottth 
Carolina.^  It  is  80  miles  N,  N.  W. 
of  Columbia ;  50  N.  by  W.  of  A«- 
gulta  in  Georgia,  140  N.  Wi  of 
Charleftown,  and  762  S.  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.    N.  lat,  34.  9. 

Cambridge,  the  chief  town  of  Dor- 
chefter  co.  Maryland,  is  fitnatecf  on  the 
S.  fide  cf  Choptank  R.  about  13  miles 
E.  S.  E.  from  Cook's  Point  at  its 
mouth;  9  W.  S.  W.  from  Newmarket, 
and  57  S.  E.  from  Baltimore.  Its  fi- 
tuation  is  healthy,  and  it  contains 
about  jO  houfes  and  a  church.    N.  lat. 

38-  34. 

Cambridge,  in  Franklin  co.  Ver- 
mont, is  fituated  on  both  fides  of  I,a 
Moilie  R.  abodt  20  miles  W.  of  Lake 
Champlain,  and  has  359  inhabitants. 

Camden  Co.  in  Edenton  diftriil,  N. 
Carolina,  is  on  the  N.  E.  corner  of  tlie 
date.     It  has  4033  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 1038  Haves.    Jonefljorough  ip 
chief  town. 

Ef  r 


7B  CAM 

.  Camokn  D^riBy  in  the  upper  coun- 
try of  S.  Carolina,  has  Cheraws  diftri^l 
on  the  N.  £.  Georgetown  dtliri£):  on 
the  S.  E.  and  the  ftate  of  N.  Caittlina 
on  the  N. }  and  is  divided  htto  the  fol- 
lowing counties,  Fairfield,  Richland, 
Clarendon,  Claremont,  KeWhaw,  Sa- 
lem and  Lancailer.  It  is  %i  miles  from 
N.  to  S.  and  60  from  £.  to  W.  ind 
contains  j3,z65  inhabitants,  including 
886 j  flaves.  This  diftriA  is  watere*! 
hy  the  Wateree,  or  Catabaw  R.  and  ics 
branches  \  the  upper  patt  is  variegated 
with  hills,  generally  fertile  and  well 
watered.  It  produces  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  I  ye,  barley,  tobacco,  and  cot- 
ton. The  Catabaw  Indiais,  the  only 
tribe  which  refide  in  the  ftate,  live  in 
the  N.  part  of  this  diftri£t.  See  Cata. 
banu. 

Camden,  a  poft  town,  and  chief  of 
Camden  diftri^l,  S.  Carolina,  in  Ker- 
ihaw  CO.  ftarnU  on  tlie  E.  fide  of  Wa< 
teree  R. ;  35  miles  N.  £.of  Columbia ; 
55  S.  W.  of  Cheraw }  i»o  N.  by  W. 
of  Charieftown,  and  643  S.  W.  ot  Phi- 
ladelphia. It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
coatainsi  about  isohoufcs,  an  Epifco- 
pal  church,  a  covirt-houie  and  gaol. 
The  navigable  river  on  which  the  town 
ftands,  enables  the  inhabitants  to  carry 
on  a  lively  trade  with  the  back  coun- 
try.   N.  lat.  34.  II.  W.  long.  %o,  54. 

This  town,  or  near  it,  was  the  fcene 
of  two  battles  in  the  late  war.  On  the 
1 6th  of  Auguft,  1780,  between  Gen. 
Gates  and  Lord  Cornwallis,  in  which 
the  American  general  was  ilefe;«ted. 
The  other  was  a  briik  a£lion  between 
Lord  Rawdon  and  Gen.  Greene,  on 
the  a  5th  April,  1781.  Lord  Kaw- 
<U)n  rallied  out  of  the  town  with  800 
men,  and  attacked  the  American  camp, 
which  was  within  a  mile  of  the  town. 
Tlie  Ameiicans  had  ii6  men  killed, 
and  100  taken  priibners,  and  the  Bri- 
tifh  had  about  100  killed.  The  town 
was  evacuated  the  9th  of  May,  in  the 
fame  year,  r  er  Lord  Rawdon  had 
burned  thu  ^  '!,  nn 
luMil'es,  and  pan  Mi  '■•'■ 

Camden  Co.  in  1! 
Georgia,  at  th    S.  '^■ 
flate,  on  Sr 
liabitants, 
town  St.  Pair  K. :., 

Camden,  v  f<ir»i.''  ;pft  town  on  the 
wellem  fide  of  Pt.  'c«  ;  ;  iv,  lit;  51 
of  Maine,  and  the  ^.  cat.-,,  r  ,:>  jft  tov  u- 


•"  ,  r.iiny  private 
jwn  f  :i  -gage. 
ijwer  clillrift  of 
rrrner  ^ >'   the 

'■ii\  :..H,  cof.^iiiii-!  jc  <;  -n- 
'u'J''r  ■  ■/'>  iiiVi-jt.     Cl'.ef 


CAM 

flilp  of  Lincoln  co.  hiving  Thomaftown 
on  the  S.  W.  \  35  miles  N.  N.  E*  firora 
Pownalhorough,  an4,  )is|i  ^ilcs  N.  £. 
fromBofton. 

Camden,  a  village  lu  Kent  co.  ftate 
of!  |KM^i|if^  I  about  4.  miles  S.  W. 
(tcm%0'ntt  and  5  N.  weiicrly  from 
Frederics.  '"'-^^^ 

CAMiLLUS,oneoft|if|HBKtoivn- 
(liips  in  New-Yoi-k,  W/oSSMlrLuke, 
and  about  18  miles  S.  W.  frcni  Fort 
Brewington. 

Cam    JJUtndt   one   of  .the   fnialler 
Virgin  Ifles,  in  the  W.  Indies}  iituated' 
near  St.  John's  in  the  King's  Channel. 
N.  lat.  18.  so.  W.  lon^.  63.  S5. 

Campbell  Co.  in  Virginia,  liesE. 
of  Bedfoiid  co.  on  Stannton  R.  It  is  45 
miles  long,  and  30  broad,  and  contains 
7685  inhabitants, including  2488 flaves. 

Camfselltown,  a  village  in  Dau- 
phin CO.  Pennlylvania,  which  ftands 
near  a  water  of  Qiiitipihilla  Creek  j  1 3 
miles  E.  of  Harrifburgh,  and  96  N.  W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Campbelltown,  in  N.  Carolina,  is 
a  large  and  flourilhing  town  on  a  branch 
of  Cape  Fear  R.  100  miles  above  Wil- 
mington; having,  according  to  Bar- 
tram,  '*  above  100  houfes.many  wealthy 
merchants,  relpedable  public  buiidings, 
a  vafl  refort  of^  inhabitants  and  travel- 
lers, and  continual  brifk  commerce  by 
waggons,  from  the  back  fettlements, 
witn  large  trading  boats." 

Campbell's  Fort^  in  the  fiate  of 
Tenneflee,  ftands  near  the  jun£kion  of 
Holfton  R.  with  the Tenncflee;  diftant 
X  35  miles  from  Abingdon,  in  Wafhing- 
ton  CO.  Virginia,  and  445  W.  of  Rich- 
mond in  Virginia. 

Campbell's  Salineit  in  North  H0I-, 
(ton,  in  the  ftate  of  Tenneflee,  are  the 
only  ones  that  have  yet  been  difcovered 
on  the  upper  branches  of  the  Tenneflee, 
though  great  fearch  has  been  made  for 
them.  Large  bones,  like  thofe  found 
at  Big  Bone  Lick,  have  been  dug  ii^ 
here}  and  other  circumftances  render 
the  tra^  which  contains  the  falines  a  , 
great  natural  curiofity.  Capt.  Charles 
Camj^hell,  one  of  the  firft  explorers  of 
tiu  wf!  irn  country,  made  the  difico- 
ver  •  r,.  this  trail  in  1745.  I"  »753>  he 
obt.i.ied  a  patent  for  it  from  ti»e  go- 
vt?; cr  of  Virginii..  His  Ion,  the  late 
Gfi,  William  dvnpbcU,  the  fame  who 
behaved  10  gallantly  in  the  years  1780, 
and  1781,  became  owner  of  it  on  hi» 

dcatii. 


m 


tines  a  . 

'haiies 

rers  of  \ 

^ 

diCca-   ' 

\ 

53.  he 

le  go- 

■ 

he  ate  ' 

'• 

le  who  " 

1 

1780, 

;' 

}n  hi» 

i 

death. 

CAM 

death 
his  Atzt 
and  dear, 
ed,  a 

Since 

a  confiderablc 
fands 
it,  witi 
at  a 

aboui  .^^^^ 

as  rich  IsTlSil  as  can  be  imagined 
tliis  flat,  pits  are  I'unk,  in  order  to  ob- 
tain the  fait  water.  The  heft  is  found 
from  -jO  to  40  feet  deep }  after  paifing 
through  the  rich  foil  or  mud,  from  6 
to  10  feet;  you  come  to  a  very  brittle 
'imeoftoneYocki  with  craclcs  or  chafins, 
through  which  the  fait  water  iflues 
into  the  pits,  whence  it  is  drawn  bv 
buckets  and  put  into  the  boilers,  which 
are  placed  in  furnaceK  adjoining  the 
pifs.  The  hin»  that  furround  this  flat 
are  covered  with  line  timhtr ;  and  a 
coal  mine  has  been  diicovered  not  far 
from  it. 

Campeachy,  a  town  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Old-Merlco,  or  New-Spain, 
and  province  of  Yrcaten,  fituate<l  on 
the  bay  of  Campeachy,  near  the  W. 
fliore.  Its  hotifes  are  well  built  of 
Hone;  when  taken  by  tlie  Spaniards  it 
was  a  large  town  of  3000  boiifes,  and 
had  conftderabltf' monuments  of  Indian 
art  and  induftry.  There  is  a  good 
dock  and  fort,  with  a  governor  and 
garrilbn,  which  commands  both  the 
town  and  harbour.  It  has  been  often 
ftornied  and  taken,  both  by  the  Englifli 
and  Frencit  huccaniers,  in  1659,  1678, 
and  lad  in  1685,  when  thele  treebooters 
united,  and  plunderetl  every  place  with- 
in 15  leagues  round  it,  for  the  ipace  of 
two  months;  they  afteiwards  iet  fire 
to  the  fort  and  town,  witich  the  go- 
vernor, who  kept  the  field  with  his  men, 
would  not  ranlbm ;  and  to  complete 
the  pillage  by  a  fingular  piece  of  folly, 
the  French  buccaniers  celebrated  the 
feall  of  their  kin?,  the  day  of  St.  Louis, 
by  burning  to  the  value  of  j|^. 50,000 
fteiling,  of  Campervchy  wood,  which 
was  a  part  of  their  (hare  of  the  plun- 
der. The  port  is  large  but  (hallow. 
It  was  a  ftated  market  tor  logwoo<l,  of 
which  great  quantities  grew  in  the 
neighbourhood,  before  the  Englifli  land- 
ed there,  and  cut  it  at  the  ifthmus, 
which  they  entered  at  Triefte  liland, 
n«;ar  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  40  leagues 


C  AN  n 

S.  W.  from  Campeachy.  The.chitf 
manqfaAure  here  >•  cotton  cloth.  Lit. 
15  40.  long.  91.  30. 

Campo  BstLO,  a  loneaad  nanrovr 

,  on  the  F.  coail  of  Walhington 

dl^ria  or  Maine,  and  the  N.  eaft- 

imoft  of  all  the  iflands  of  the  diftcia. 
It  lies  at  t^ie  mouth  of  a  large  bay  into 
which  Co^fcook  river  empties,  and  baa 
communication  with  F^CtmaqiMild/ 
bay,  on  the  N.  by  two  channels ;  tM 
omfr  between  the  W.  fide  of  Deer  I.  and 
the  continent ;  the  other  into  the  motuh 
of  Paflamaquoddy  ba]^,  between  Deer 
I.  and  the  N.  end  of  Campo  Bello  I. 
which  lies  in  about  N.  lat.  44.  4t. 
The  S.  end  is  5  mile*  N.  wefterly  from 
Grand  Mannait  I. 

Campton,  a  fmall  townfliip  in 
Grafton  co.  New-Hampfiiire,  fitmud 
on  the  E.  bank  of  Pcmigewafltt,  the 
N.  head  water  of  Mtrruiuck  R* ;  35 
miles  N.  E.  of  Dartmouth  CoUe$e» 
aiKi  67  N.  W.  of  Portfinouth.  It  WM 
incorporated  in  1761,  aad  contains  S9f 
inhabitants.     N.  lat.  43.  51. 

Canaan,  a  thriving  townAiip  in 
Lincoln  co.  (iillrif^  of  Maine,  fituated 
on  Kennebeck  R.  abe\it  7  miles  N.  of 
Hancock,  and  S33  N.  by  £.  of  Bofton  ; 
Incorporated  in  1788,  aod  contains  454 
inhabitants. 

A  plantation  in  Hancock  co.  is  alio 
thus  named,  h?.ving  1 3a  inhabitai\^«. 

Canaan,  a  towhlhip  in  Grafton  co. 
New-Hamprnire,  10  miles  £.  of  Dart- 
mouth Colt&ge;  incorporated  in  1761. 
In  1775  it  contained  67,  and  in  ij^o, 
483  inhabitants. 

Canaan,  a  tcwnfhip  io  Litchfield 
CO.  ConneAicut,  E.  ot  Houfatonick  R. 
having  Maflachufctts  0  he  N.  Here 
is  a  forge  and  (litting  i.iill,  creAcd  on  a 
new  conftir^ion;  and  tue  iron  ufed 
here  is  faid  to  be  excellent.  In  the 
mountains  of  Canaan,  are  found  valua- 
ble fpecimens  of  minerals,  particularly 
lead  and  iron.  It  lies  60  inilea  N.  of 
New-Haven,  and  40  N.  W.  from  Hart-' 
ford. 

Canaan,  a  townfliip  in  Efiex  co. 
Vermont,  is  the  N.  ealternmolt  town 
in  the  (late.  It  ftands  at  the  foot  of 
the  Upper  Great  Monadnock,  and  has 
19  inhabitants. 

Canaan,  a  townlhip  in  Columbia 
CO.  New-Ycj-k,  having  Kfjiderhook  on 
the  W.  and  Maflacliufetts  E.  It  has 
66^7.  inhabitants,  including  3s  ^^^^^^i 

663 


t4  <?AJt 

4<l  af  tki  frae  inhsbitanta  are  ilallbrs. 

CANiiDii.  Th«  BrMO)  pn>vincM  of 
^fpirmd  Lower  Canada,  conAituted 
b^  aft  of  ]pai1]affieftt  in  1791,  coinpre 
hmd  tht  territory  heretofore  ^«K 
CSaiaic^  They  lie  between  61.  af'^ 
W*ktng<  firttm  London,  and  ' 
4s.  30.  and  5«.  N.  iat.  In  length 
ritout  t40»  mitet,  and  in  breadth  500; 
Boonded  N.  by  New-Britain  and  un- 
known ceuntriea  {  B.  by  New. Britain, 
*d  the  gnlf  of  St.  Lawrence ;  S.  IC. 
imd  fouthctly»  by  the  province  of  New- 
BruaMck,  thediftria  of  Maine,  New- 
BampAire,  Vermont,  New. York,  and 
tlfe  Lake*  i  the  weftem  boundary  is  un- 
dbfined.  The  proVince  of  Upper  Cana> 
da  i»  the  fame  hs  what  has  been  com- 
Mionly  called  the  Ifppar  Country.  It 
fiea  N»  of  the  great  Lakes,  and  is  fepa> 
rated  from  New^^York  by  the  river  St. 
Lawrettoe,  here  called  the  Cataraqui, 
wd  the  lakes  Ontario  and  Eric. 

'Lower  Candid  lies  on  both  fiJes  the 
i^«tt  St.  Lawrence,  between  6 1 .  and  7 1 . 
W.  kmg.  fr6m  London  ;  and  45.  and 
tt.  N.  rat.  and  is  bounded  S.  by  New- 
Sninfwick,  M^iine,  N«f"'-i."  ^fliire, 
Vermont,  and  New- York  5  and  W.  by 
Upper  Canada. ' 

Thf  line  between  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada  commences  at  a  (lone  bound - 
«7  on  the  N.  bank  of  lake  St.  Francis, 
in  Sr<  Lawrence  K.  at  the  cove  W.  of 
Point  au  Boudet,  theiice  nortlierly  to 
Ottawas  R.  and  to  its  fource  in  lake 
Toniiicaning,  tit«nce  due  N.  till  it 
ftrikes  the  tw>undary  of  Hudfoii  bay,  or 
New-Britain.  Upper  Canada  to  in- 
clude all  the  territory  to  the  weft  wart! 
and  fouthward  of  faiu  line,  to  the  ut- 
moft  extend  of  the  country  known  by 
thi;  name  of  Canada. 

Winter  continues,  with  fuch  feverity, 
from  December  to  Anril,  as  that  the 
iargeft  rivers  dre  frozen  over,  and  the 
foow  lies  commonly  from  four  to  iix 
fttt  deep  during  the  winter.  But  the 
air  ia  id  lerenc  and  clear,  ami  the  in- 
habitants fo  well  defended  agalnft  the 
cold,  thai'  this  feafon  is  neither  un- 
healthy nor  unpieafant.  The  fpiing 
opc:ns  fuddcnly,  and  vegetation  is  fur- 

firifingly  rapid.  The  lummer  is  de- 
ightrul,  except  that  a  pait  of  k  is  ex- 
tremely hot.  Though  the  climate  be 
cold,  and  the  winter  long  nnd  tedious, 
the ibil  is  in  general  >  >  good,  and  in 
many  parts  both  ple^    at  and  tcrtile, 


C  AU 

prodMcIng^iaWi  parley,  rye,  wftA 

iU|ip'%MHHH||yMrtiCular, 

and  f^^^Bpkiratcd, 

ebcc,  and 

St  .Lawrence, 

'   forthd 

richnelT'^Hni^^^^^^^^Deadow^ 
grounds  in  Canam[|^^|^^^M|  wa- 
tered, yield  excellen^^^HB  feed 
great  numbers  of  gitat  and  Iroan  cattk. 

From  Quebec,  the  capital,  to  Mont> 
real,  which  is  about  170  miks,.  in  faiU^ 
ing  up  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  tFt*"  eyi< 
isoitertainedwith  beautiful  landfcapea, 
the  banks  being  in  many  places  very 
bold  and  fteep,  and  {haded  with  lofty 
trees.  The  f  irms  lie  pretty  clofe  all 
the  way,  leveral  gentlemen's  houfes, 
neatly  built,  fliew  themfelves  at  inter- 
vals, and  there  is  all  the  appearance  of 
a  flourifliing  colony;  but  there  are 
few  towns  or  villages.  Many  beauti- 
fiil  iflands  are  interfperfed  in  the  chan- 
nel  of  the  river,  which  have  an  agreea- 
ble effeft  upon  the  eye. 

By  the   Quebec  aft,   paflTed  by  the 
parliament  ot  Great  Britain  in  the  year 
1791,  it  is  enafttd,  that  there  Ihall  bt" 
within  each  of  the  provinces  of  Upper 
and  Lower  Canada,  a  legiilative  coun- 
cil, and  an  aflembly,   who,  with  the 
cunf'ent  of  the  governor,  appointed  by 
the  king,   fliall  have  power  to  makef 
laws.  The  legiflative  council  is  to  con- 
lift  of  not  fewer  than  feven  members  \ 
for  Upper,  and  fifteen  for  Lower  Ca- 
nada j  to  be  ftitnraoned  by  the  gover-  '■ 
nor,   who   niuft  be  authoriztd  by  the  { 
king.     Such  members  are  to  bold  thfir 
feats  for  life;  unlefs  foifcited  by  four 
years  continual  abfence,  or  hy  fwear-^ 
ing  allegiance  to  fome  foi  igii  power. 
The  houfc  of  alfenibiy  is  to  c  nfift  of 
not  lets  than  f.xteen  miT  'stis  f ^m  Up- 
per, and  not  leCs  th;m  fifty  trom  Lower 
Canada;  chofen  by  the  ♦icehoKiiri    n 
the  reveral  towns  and  diftritls.      Ihe 
council   and  iilcmbly  are   to  be  c:  kd 
together  at   Itaft  oi\ce  in    every  \caf^, 
and  eveiy  uflembly  ij  to  continue  loiir 
years,    unlel's   fooncr  diflblved   by  thr 
governor. 

Britifh  America  is  fii  per  In  tended  by 
an  oHicer,  ftyied  Governor  General  of 
the  four  Britifti  provinces  ih  N.  Ame- 
rica, who,  btnies  other  powers,  is  com- 
mander in  chief  of  all  the  Brttilh  troops 
in  the  four  provinces  and  the  govern-' 

ments 


J 


CAN 


power, 
nfift  of 
m  Up- 
Lower 

rs    n 

1  hr 

c:     J 

^  car, 

uc  ionr 

by  the 

ideH  by 
icjal  of 


mentf  attached  t6  theni,.'^«nd  New- 
fonndliikl.  Jb|||g«4i||ppVin(ei  hat 
a  IicuteQ|gB^HI^«fHor  m  the  .ab- 
ftnee1»f^M|Pffnor  |;entra(.  imJUl 
the  powei»  reilttUitc  to  a  ^  * 
trate. 

tlentc|l|^^|^^^P  ionie, 
40,o^^H|Up[|PRiiy  »o,ooo  Britith 
and  Mi^^nnabitants,  exclufive  of 
to, 000  loyalifU,' fettled  in  the  uppsr 
parts  of  the  province.  Lower  Canuda, 
in  17S4.,  contained  113,011.  Both  pro- 
rinces  may  now  contain  about  1 50,000 
jbuls,  which  number  it  multiplying 
both  by  natural  incr^afe  aud  by  emigra- 
tions. 

As  many  a*  about  nine  tenths  of  the 
inhabitants  of  thefe  provinces  are  Ro- 
ttton  Catholics,  who  enjoy,  under  the 
prefent  government,  the  fame  provt- 
non,  rights,  and  privileges,  as  were 
granted  them  in  1774,  by  the  a6l  of 
the  14th  of  Geoj^e  III.  The  reft  of 
the  people  are  Epiiicopalians,  Prelby- 
terians,  and  a  few  of  aimoft  all  the  dif- 
ferent feels  of  Chriftians. 

The  amount  of  the  o^ports  from 
the  province  of  Quebec,  in  the  year 
1786,  was  34.3,161!.  19s.  id.  The 
amount  of  Imports  in  the  fame  year  was 
%%$t\\(>\.  The  exports  confided  of 
wheat,  flour,  bifcult,  fl.ixfeed,  lumber 
of  various  kinds,  lifli,  potafii,  oil,  gin- 
leng  and  otheif  medicinal  roots,  but 
principally  of  furs  and  peltries,  to  the 
amount  of  185,9771.  The  imports 
confided  of  rum,  brandy,  molafles,  cof- 
fee, fugar,  wines,  tobacco,  fait,  choco- 
late, proviiions  for  the  troops,  and  dry 
goods. 

This  country  was  difcovered  by  the 
Engtifli  as  early  as  about  1497 ;  and 
fettled  by  the  French  in  i6o8,  who 
kept  palfeflion  of  it  till  1760,  when  it 
was  taken  by  the  Britifli  arms,  and,  at 
the  treaty  ot  Paris,  in  S763,  was  ceded 
by  France  to  the  crown  of  England,  to 
whom  it  hafi  ever  fince  btlongtrd. 

One  of  the  molt  remarkable  acci- 
xlrats  which  hiftory  records  of  this 
country,  is  the  earthquake  in  the  year 
iiSii  which  ovei-whelmecl  a  chain  of 
Mountains  of  frecftone  more  than  300 
miles  long,  and  changed  the  immenfc 
traft  into  a  plain.  See  Brjtijh  Anu- 
rka,  and  Britain,  New,  for  further 
particulars  concerning  this  country. 

Cahada,  a  bay  on  the  £.  fide  of 


C  A  ^,  f  f 

Newfotmdiand  I.  between  WhUe  tMl 
Hure  bays,  which  lad  lies  N.  of  it. 

Canada  Creeks.    There  are  thi# 
creeks  which  bear  this  namej  me  a 

ter  of  Wood  creek,  wkicli  it  m«ett 
or  j  miles  N,  N,  W.  of  Foi  t  Stanwix 
or  New  Fort  Sthuylcr,  The  other 
two  arc  northern  branches  of  Mohvnit 
R. ;  the  ufpet  one  ntingles  its  waterk 
with  the  Mohawk  in  the  tbwnfliif  «f 
Herkemer,  on  the  German  flats,  t€ 
miles  below  Old  Fort  Schuyler  j  over 
the  mouth  of  it  is  a  fightty  and  it^- 
niouily  conftrafted  bridge.  The  other 
empties  into  the  Mohawk  13  mile*  he- 
l;w.  Both  thefe  are  long,  rapid  and 
unnavigable  ftreams  j^  and  bring  a  con- 
fiderable  a<:ceffion  of  water  to  the  Mo- 
hawk. The  lands  on  thefe  creeks  are 
exceedingly  rich  and  valuable,  and  faft 
fettling. 

Canandaqua,  a  poft  town,  la1ce» 
aod  creek,  in  Ontario  co.  New-York. 
It  Is  the  flilre  town  of  the  co.  (ituated 
on  the  N.  end  of  the  lake  of  the  *\vci^ 
name,  at  its  oulet  into'  Canan<.  i\v% 
creek.  The  lake  is  about  10.  n,''i:v;i 
long  and  3  broad,  and  fends  its  waters 
in  a  N.  eaftward  and  eaflward  courfe 
35  miles  to  Seneca  R.  This  is  the  fcite 
of  an  ancient  Indian  town  of  the  fame 
name,  and  (lands  on  die  road  from  Al- 
bany to  Niagara,  71  miles  £.  from 
Hartford  in  Genelfce  R.  j  16  miles  W« 
of  Geneva,  and  235  miles  N.  W.  from 
New- York  city,  meafuringin  afkraight 
line,  and  340  by  Albany  road.  This 
fettlement  was  begun  by  Meflrs.  Gor- 
ham  and  Phelps,  and  is  now  in  a 
flourifhing  ftate  There  are  about  30 
or  40  houfes,  Ikuated  on  a  pleafant 
flope  from  the  lake ;  and  the  adjoining 
farms  are  under  good  cultivation.  By 
the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  it  appears 
there  are  191  electors  in  this  ;ownfhip. 

Ca^iada  Saca,  or  Seaeca  Lake,  a 
handfome  piece  of  water  from  ^  5  to  40 
liles  long,  and  about  1  miles  broad, 
in  New. York.  At  the  N.  W.  comer 
of  the  lake  ftands  the  town  of  Geneva, 
and  on  the  E.  fide  between  it  and  Cay- 
uga, are  the  towns  of  Romulus,  Ovidj 
He6lor  and  UlyfTes,  in  Onondago  co. 
New- York.  Its  outlet  is  Scayace  R. 
which  alfo  receives  the  waters  of  Cayu- 
ga Lake,  9  miles  N.  E.  from  the  mouth 
of  Canada  Saga,  18  miles  below  Gene- 
va, on  the  fame  fide  of  the  lake  ftaittls 
the  Friend's  SetUement,  founded  b/ 
"'  Jemima 


.,^. 


7* 


CAN 


IcminM  Witkinfon }  thei-e  are  So  fatnt- 
hn  in  it|  each  hat  a  fine  farm,  and  are 
^uiet,  induftrious  people. 
Canajokary,  a  pod  town  ia  Mont 

rnery  co.  NewYotki  litsated  on  tl 
fide  of  Mohawk  R.  caBipichendi 
ft  very  larg^  dllb  iA  of  fine  country,  ^o 
miles  W.  of  ScheneAady,  and  56  Rules 
froni  Albany.  In  the  Itate  ccnfus  of 
S796,  730  of  the  inhabitants  appnr  to 
Ik  ele£lors.  A  creek  named  Canajo- 
kary enters  the  Mohawk  in  this  town. 
Ik  tfais  towmlhip,  on  the  bank  of  the 
Molnwk,  about  50  miles  from  Sche- 
BcAady,  is  Indian  CaftU^  i'o  called,  the 
iemt  of  old  king  Hendrick,  who  was 
kSkdinScpt.  175^;,  at  Lake  George, 
fighting  foi'  the  Biitifh  and  Americans 
agatnft  the  French.  Here  are  now  the 
tcmains  of  a  Britifli  tort,  built  during 
that  war,  about  60  paces  I'quare.  A 
eoid  coin  of  the  value  of  about  7  dol- 
ors was  found  in  thct'c  ruins  in  i793< 
About  a  mile  ami  half  W.  of  this  fort 
ds  a  church,  which  is  called  Bramlt's 
vaurch,  which  the  n-ted  chief  of  that 
name  is  1^  have  left  with  great  te- 

hidance.  1  nis  was  the  principal  feat 
of  the  Mohawk  nation  of  Indians,  and 
abounds  with  apple  trees  of  theii'  plant- 
inff»  from  which  is  made  cider  of  an  ex- 
ccUent  quality. 

Cananea»  a  fmall  ob!o  iiland  in 
the  captainfliip  of  Brazil,  x  America, 
bebnging  to  the  Portuguci'ey  oppolite 
the  mouth  of  Ararapiza  R. ;  on  the  S. 
fide  of  which  Hands  tlie  town  of  Cana- 
nea  to  guai'd  the  entrance  of  the  bay. 
This  iflnnd  lies  about  37  leagues  from 
St.  Vincent.     S.  lat.  25.  10.  VV.  long. 

47.    12. 

Camar  Atan,  or  Great  Canary  a 
village  dependent  on  the  city  of  Cuenca, 
undrr  the  jurilHi6lion  of  the  piovlncc 
of  Quito,  in  Peru.  It  is  remarkable 
for  the  riches  contained  in  the  adjacent 
mountains. 

Can  as,  or  7?«;<7,  a  iurifdlflion  in 
Peru,  S.  America,  fubje^t  to  the  bifhop 
of  Cufco,  18  le^guts  flora  that  city. 
Th«  Coixliilera  divictii  it  into  two 
parts,  Canas,  and  Canches ;  the  former 
abounding  in  corn  and  fiuits,  the  latter 
in  cattle.  In  the  meadows  are  fed  no 
lefs  than  30,000  uuiles,  brought  hither 
from  Tur.uma  to  pailure ;  and  a  great 
fair  is  held  here  for  thele  creatures.  In 
Canas  is  the  famous  fiiver  mine  called 
CwiJanoma* 


o£r». 


ingham 
~  elter, 

luth. 

s  in- 


C  A  N 

Cavasbraoa  Critk  nms  N. 
ward  into  flpii|iU^^t   Williamf. 
burgk  in'N*^or1nHHh|||L 

CAJiAWii<^va,  alHHI 

""""    "•in  Pennfymraw. 
See  Canas. 
a  towj; 
CO.   Ncw.Hampfl^ 
about  36  miles  wef 
The  foil  is  but  indiiter 
corporated  in  1767,  and  contains  1040 
inhabitants. 

Candlemas  SbotUi,  are  aboitt  two 
degrees  of  latitude  due  north  ot  Port 
Praflin,  difcovered,  named,  and  paflfedy 
byMemiana,  in  1569. 

Canbtte,  a  city  in  Peru,  S.  Ame<* 
rica,  and  capital  of  the  juriidi<Aion  of 
its  n»me,  which  produces  valt  quanti- 
ties of  wlieat,  maize,  and  fugar  canes. 
It  is  fuhjc6b  to  the  archbifhop  of  Lima* 
and  is  6  leagues  from  that  city.  S.  lat. 
i».  14.  W.  long.  75.  38. 

Caniaderago,  a  lake  in  Otfego 
CO.  New- York,  nearly  as  large  as  Otle- 
go  lake,  and  6  miles  ^V.  of  it.  A  dream 
calleil  Oaks  Creek  ifllies  from  it,  and 
falls  intoSuli^uehnnnah  R.  about  5  miles 
below  Otfego.  The  belt  chcefe  in  the 
flate  is  laid  to  be  made  on  this  creek. 

Canicodeo  Creek,  a  S.  W.  head 
water  of  Tioga  R.  in  New- York,  which 
interlocks  with  the  head  waters  of  Ge- 
nedee  R.  and  joins  Conefteo  cveck  a6 ' 
miles  W.  N.  W.  from  the  Painted 
Foil. 

Caninix,  a  Ihiall  river  of  the  Diilrl£l 
of  Maine. 

Cannares,  Indians  of  the  province 
of  Quito,  in  Peru.  Thty  are  very  well 
made,  and  very  a£llve ;  tney  wear  their 
liair  long,  which  they  weave  and  bind 
about  their  heads,  in  fuim  of  a  crown. 
Their  clothes  are  made  of  wool  or  cot- 
ton, and  they  vyear  fine  fafhioned  boots. 
Their  women  are  handlbme,  and  fond 
of  the  Spaniai'ds;  they  generally  till 
and  manure  the  ground,  whillf  theic 
hufbnnds  at  home,  card,  Ipin,  and. 
weave  wool  and  cotton.  7''heir  coun- 
try had  many  rich  gold  mines,  now 
drained  by  the  Spaniards.  The  land 
bears  good  wheat  and  barley,  and  haa 
fine  vineyards.  The  magnificent  pa- 
lace o^'  Iheomabamha  was  in  the  coun- 
tiy  cf  the  Cannares. 

Cannaveral,  Cape,  the  extreme 
point  of  rucks  on  the  £.  ftde  of  the  pe- 
ninl'ula  of  £.  ^Florida.    It  has  Mof({.ui- 

toa 


ingham 

■buth. 
|Rs  in- 
>  104.0 


r 


CAP 

tot  Inlet  N.  by  W.  ami  a  large  flioal  8. 
by  E.  This  wat  the  bounds  of  Caro- 
lina by  charter  from  Charlea  II.  N.  lat. 
as.  35.  W.bg^tt.  9. 

Can NATJH^  village  on  the  N.  fide 
of  Wnfliington  I. ;  on  the  N.  W.  CMft 
of  N.  America. 

CANNE8iS|j|||own  of  Lontiiana,  on 
the  N.  badjdriHl  K.  a  branch  of  the 
MiOifipiMHi^ 

CAVl^^tJge,  ■  a  nigged  niotintain 
about  100  milfs  W.  of  Philadtlphia, 
forming  the  E.  boundary  of  Bald  Eagle 
Valley: 

Canonnicut  IJJand,  in  Newport 
CO.  Rlw.ioIfl;md,li5S  about  3  mites  W. 
of  New-port,  tlic  S.  end  of  which,  (Gril- 
led Beaver  Tail,  on  which  flanilit  the 
lijjhr-hoiilV)  extends  about  as  far  S.  as 
the  ">.  end  of  Rhode  I.  It  extends  N. 
ahout  7  miles,  it«  average  breadth  be- 
ing ubout  one  mile  j  the  E.  ftiore  f'onn- 
ing  the  W.  part  of  Newport- harbour, 
and  the  W.  fliore  being  about  3  milea 
from  the  Narraganfet  ihore.  On  this 
point  is  JamelVown.  It  was  purchafed 
of  the  Indians  in  1657,  and  in  1678, 
was  incorporitcd  by  thenarheof  Jamcf- 
town.  The  foil  is  luxuriant,  produ- 
cing grain  and  grafs  in  abundance.-— 
Jameftown  covitams  507  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 16  (laves. 

Canonsdurg,  a  town  in  Wafliing- 
ton  CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  N.  fnle  of 
the  W.  branch  of  Chartier's  Greek, 
which  rims  N.  by  E.  into  Ohio  R.  about 
5  miles  below  Pittlburg.  In  its  envi- 
rons are  feveral  valuable  mills.  Here 
are  about  50  houfes  and  an  academy ; 
7  miles  N.  E.  by  E.  of  WaAiingtoHj  and 
15  S.  W.  of  Pi'ttflvmg. 

Canso,  or  Caticeaut  an  ifland,  cape 
and  fmall  fifhiiYg  bank  on  the  S.  £.  coaft 
of  Nova- Scotia,  about  40  leagues  E.  by 
N.  of  Halifax  i  N.  lat.  45.  20.  The 
ifle  is  fmall,  near  the  continent ;  N.  E. 
from  Cape  Canfo,  which  is  the  S.  eaft- 
em-moft  land  of  Nova-Scotia.  Canfo 
has  a  good  harbour  3  leagues  deep.  Here 
pre  two  bays  of  fate  anchorage.  Near 
thefe  on  the  continent  is  a  river  called 
Salmon  R.  on  account  of  the  great 
quantity  of  falmon  taken  and  ciu-ed 
there.  It  is  believed  to  be  the  heft  Afli- 
fry  in  the  world  of  that  fort.  Lime- 
ftone  and  plaifter  of  Paris  are  found  on 
the  Out  of  Canlb.  This  gut  or  chan- 
nel is  very  narrow,  and  forms  the  paf- 
pige  from  the  Atlantic  ipto  the  gulf  of 


CAP  ff 

St.  Lawrence,  between  Cape  Breto* 
iC-vnA  and  Nova-Scotia. 

Canso,  a  toiwnfliip  in  theneighboar- 
hood  of  the  above  named  puce*  W 
Halifax  eonnty.  «,. 

Cant  A,  a  town  and  JurildiAion  vmii^ 
der  the  archbifhop  of  Lima,  in  Perow'^ 
It  is  celebrated  for  excellent  ptpat, 
which  meet  with  a  good  market  at  lA- 
ma,  5  lengues  diftant  S.  S.  W.  Here 
are  innumerable  flocks  of  Oieep,  the 
paftures  being  vei-y  rich  and  extenfive* 
S.  lat.  II.  4^.  W.  long.  75.  43.  ' 

Cantbrbury,  a  townfliip  in  RoeW 
ingham  co.  New.  Hampfliire,  (itaated 
on  the  eaftern  bank  of  Merrimack  R, 
14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord,  45  N.' 
W.  of  Exeter,  and  54.  from  Portfmoutlu' 
It  contains  103S  inhabitants. 

Canterbury,  a  townlhip  in  Wind- 
ham CO.  Conne6>icut,  on  the  W.  fide 
of  Quinnabaug  R.  which  feparates  it 
frornPlaiififield.  It  is  7  miles  fSi.  by  S. 
of  Windham,  and  about  10  or  sa  N. 
of  Norwich. 

Canton,  a  new  townfliip  in  Nor- 
folk CO.  Maflfachnletts,  incorporated  in 
1797,  it  being  formerly  the  nortliei^ 
parr  of  Stoughton. 

Cany  Fork,  in  the  (late^f  Teimeffee* 
is  a  Alert  navigitMc  river,  and  runs  N. 
W.  into  Cumbeiland  R.  W.  of  the 
Salt  Lick,  and  oppofite  Salt  Lick  Creek» 
,  50  miles  in  a  iltaight  line  from  Naih- 
ville. 

Capaiita,  a  large  town  of  North- 
America,  and  in  the  province  of  Gatax- 
acn.  The  country  round  abounds  with 
Aieep,  cattle,  and  excellent  fruit. 

Cape  St.  Andrew's,  on  thecoaft 
of  Paraguay,  or  La  Plata,  S.  America. 
S.  lat.  38.  50.  W.  long.  59,  46. 

Cape  St.  Antonio,  or  Antbenit, 
is  the  point  of  land  on  the  luuthem 
fide  of  La  Plata  R.  in  S.  America, 
which,  with  Cape  St.  Mary  en  the 
northward,  forms  the  mouth  of  that 
river.  S.  lat.  36.  3*.  W-.  long.  56.  34^ 

Cape  St.  Augustine, on  the  coatt 
of  Brazil,  S.  America,  lies  fauthwani 
of  Pernambuco.  S.  lat.  10.  15.  W,' 
long.  35.  13. 

Cape  Blow- me- down,  which  is 
the  Ibuthern  lidu  of  the  entrance' from 
the  bay  of  Fundy  into  the  Bafin  of  Mi- 
nas,  is  the  ealfeinmuft  teiminatiun  of  a 
range  of  mountains,  extending  about 
80  or  90  miles  10  tlu:  gut  of  Annapoli* « 
bounded  N.  by  the  Ihoret  of  the .  bay 

of 


It  C  AF 

^fmt^ft  vd  $.  bjr  the  flioni  of  An- 
■nolU  rirer. 

Caf  1  Cod,  tncicntly  c«]ted  MtUlt- 
kmr^t  ^y  the  Fr«nch,  i$  the  S.  eaKward 
point  m  the  bay  of  MaQachuleti;!,  op- 
MAtt  Cape  Ann.  N.  lat.  4.1.  4.  W. 
long,  from  Greenwich,  70.  14.  Set 
Man^apU  et.  and  Prcvinct  Town. 

Cafe  Elizabeth,  a  head-Und  and 
tovvfifhip  in  Cnmbertand  ro.  diftriA  of 
Main;.  ThecaiMtlies  inN.  lat.4.).  33. 
%,  by  S»  from  the  centre  of  the  town  9 
fnilea  \  about  %o  S.  weiterly  of  Cane 
%mtA\  Point,  and  i»  N.  k.  from  the 
VKNith  of  Saco  R.  The  town  has 
Portland  on  the  N.  E.  and  Scarho- 
rough  S.W.  and  contains  135$  inhabit 
tmtt.  It  waa  incorporated  in  1765, 
and  lies  t%(t  miles  N.  £.  of  Bofton. 

^rs  FbaR,  is  the  ibuthern  point  of 
Smith'**  I.  which  forms  the  muuth  of 
Cape  fear  R.  into  two  channeln,  on  the 
coaft  of  N.  Carolina  i  S.  W.  oF  Cape 
]<ook>Out,  and  remarkable  for  a  dan- 
eeroot  (hoa)  called  the  Frying  Pan, 
from  it>  form.  Near  this  cape  is  John- 
Ion's  Fort,  in  Brunfwick  co.  and  diftri^l 
of  Wilmington.     N.  lat.  \i.  32.  W. 

long.  7«-  IS- 

Caps  Fear  R.  moix*  properly  Cl.i- 
rcndon,  affords  the  beft  navigation  in 
N.  Carolina.  It  opens  to  the  Atlantic 
0«ean  by  two  channels,  TheS.  wfft 
crn  and  largeft  ihannel  between  the  S. 
W.  end  of  Smith's  I.  at  Bald  Head, 
where  the  light-houfe  (lands,  and  the 
E.  end  of  Oaket  I.  S.  W.  from  Fort 
lohnftoH.  The  new  inlet  is  between 
the  fea-coaft  and  the  N.  E.  end  of 
Smith's  I.  It  wiU  admit  veflVis  draw. 
iQg  10  or  II  feet,  and  is  about  3  miles 
wide  at  its  entrance,  having  18  feet 
water  at  full  tides  over  the  bar.  It 
continues  its  breadth  to  the  flats,  and 
il  navigable  for  large  veflels  zi  miLs 
from  its  mouth,  and  14  from  Wil- 
mington {  to  which  town  veflels  draw- 
ing 10  or  IX  feet  can  reach  without  any 
rifle.  As  you  afcend  this  river  you 
lcav«  firuniwick  on  the  left,  and  Wil- 
mington on  the  right.  A  little  above 
Wilmington,  the  river  divides  into  N. 
B.  and  N.  W.  branches.  The  former 
is  broader  than  tlie  latter,  but  is  neither 
io  deep  nor  fo  long.  The  N.  W. 
branch  rifes  within  a  few  miles  of  the 
Virginia  line,  and  is  formed  by  the 
iunAion  of  Haw  and  Deep  rivers. 
iu  general  couric  ii  S.  eafterly.    Sea 


CAR 

reflelt  can  go  «s  miles  above  Wilrohif* 
ton,  and  large  boats  90  milea,  to  ra. 
vctteville.  Tlw  N.  E.  branch  joint  tbt 
N.  W.  branch  a  little  a^ve  Wilming- 
ton,  ami  is  navigable' Mffea  vcflTels  *o 
mika  above  that  town,  and  by  hre* 
boat*  to  South  Walhington,  40  mi^a 
further,  4nd  by  raft#  tq  Sareflo,  which 
is  nearly  70  miles.  JB|  whole  length 
of  Cape  Pear  river  "VMjjjhpo  miles* 

Cape  May,  is  the  S.^Rftemmoft; 
point  of  the  Aate  of  Ncwjeriey,  and 
of  thi  couiiry  to  which  it  gives  name* 
N.  lat.  39,  W.  long.  75.  s.  It  lies  ao  . 
miles  N.  £.  from  Cape  Henlopen,  v.'hich 
forms  the  ii,  W.  pouit  of  the  moiuh  o^* 
Dei  <ware  bay,  aa  Cape  May  does  thi( 
N.  E. 

Capb  May  C«.  fpread»  northward| 
around  the  cape  ot  its  name,  is  a 
healthy,  landy  tra£l  of  country,  of  fuf* 
ficient  fertility  to  give  Aippoit  to  1571 
induiirious  and  peaceable  inhabitants* 
The  county  .is  divided  into  Upper^ 
Ntiddlo,  and  L'  wtr  prccinf^s. 

CaperivaCa,  a  large  river  in  Guia- 
na, S.  America. 

CAriAFo,  a  harbour  in  Chili,  S^ 
Americ.i. 

Caraccas,  a  province  of  Terra  Fir^ 
ma,  S.  America,  iying  on  the  fouthern 
coali  of  the  C.trihbean  Sea.    This  coal| 
is  hordirrd  in  its  greateft  lei^th  by  ^  ■ 
chain  of  niouniuin'i,    running  E.  ami. 
W.  and  divided  into  many  fruitful  val« 
lies,   whole  diie^ion  and  opening  are 
towards  tlie  N.     It  has  maritime  fortir 
fied   tovims,    Puerto   Cabelo,    and   Lf  . 
Guayra.     The  Dutch  carry  thither  ti^ 
the  Spaniards   all    forts  of  European 
goods,  ei(}eciaily  linen,  making  van  re*  -. 
turns  of  filver  and  cocoa.     'Ine  cocoa  -' 
tree  grows  here  in  abundance.     Therf  ,< « 
are  from  500  to  aooo  trees  in  a  walkm 
or  plantation.     Thefe  nuts  are  nafled 
for  money,  and  are  ufed  as  fuch  in  th« 
bayof  Campeachy.  N.  lat.  io<  it.  W^ 
long.  67.  10.     See  St.  John  de  Lton» 

Caramanta,  a  province  of  Tensp  y 
Firma,  S.America,  lying  ontherivef 
Cauca,  bounded  N.  by  the  diftrift  or  v^ 
Carthagena;     £.     by   New-Grknada| 
and    S.  and  W.  by  Popayan,   in  ti^ 
audience  of  Panama.     It  is  a  valley*  ,, 
lurrounded   by  high   mountains ;    and  . 
there  ai'e  waters  from  which   thie  na*  * 
tives    extrafl    very   good  fait.     The 
capital  of  the  fame  name  liea  in  H.  lat|>  - 
5. 18.  W.  long.  75,  15. 

Caramgas 


g  arc 
tcTortir 
ind  La 
ther  t(^ 
iropcan 
fall  re. 
cocoa 
T  htr? 

W4lk| 

nafled 
iri  the 


CAR 

CaRANCAS,   a  province  and  Jurlf- 
tlitVion  umler  the  biflipp  of  Plata,  atid 
70  league*  W.  ot  that  cit]f,  in  Pei-u, 
very  barren  in  corn  and  grain,  &c.  but 
ftbo'jnding  in  cattle.     Here  are  a  great 
number  ot'  filvcr  mines  conftantly  work- 
ed, ninong  whicli   that   called  Tureo, 
aiKl  by.the  minei»  Machacailo,  it  very 
lemtrkabi  •.     The  fibres  of  the  filver 
forming  an  ulnurable  intermixture  with 
the  (lone )  iwh  mint*  are  generally  the 
richeft.     There  are  other  n>aflris  of  fil- 
Ver  in  this  province  equally  remarka- 
ble, being  found  in  the  barren  I'aifdy 
dclarts,  where   they  find,    by  digging 
only,  detached  lumps  of  filvcr,  unmix- 
ed with  any  ore  or  ftone.    Thefe  iamps 
arc  called  papas^,  hecaule  taken  out  of 
the  ground  as  that  root  is,  and  have 
the  appearance  of  melted  filver ;  which 
}>roves  thac  they  arc  thus  tbrmed   by 
fiilion.     Some    of    thcfe    papas    have 
weighed  fron)  50  to  1 50  marks,  being 
q  Pari:>  foot  in  length. 

Caravaoa,  a  river  in  Peru,  S.  Ame- 
rica, famed  for  its  golden  fands. 

Caroioan,  about  ao  miles  £.  of 
Dartmouth  .College,  New-Hamp(hire. 
The  townihip  of  Orange  once  bore  this 
Duuie,  which  fee. 

Cakxaco,  a  large  gulfin  the  province 
of  Comana,  Terra  Firma,  S.  America. 
On  tlie  northern  fide  at  its  mouth  is 
Fort  St.  Yago,  in  N.  lat.  10.  7.W.  long. 
63.  %Q,  ami  on  the  ibuthern  fide  Cape 
Bordunes. 

Cakiacov,  is  the  chief  of  the  fmall 
ifles  dependent  on  Grenada  I.  in  the 
W.  Indies)  fitua^cd  4.  leag\ies  from 
Ifle  Rhonde,  which  is  a  like  diftance 
from  the  N.  end  of  Grenada.  It  con- 
tains 6911  acres  of  fertile  and  well  cul- 
tivated land,  producing  about  a  mil- 
lion lbs.  of  cotton,  befides  corn,  yams, 
potatoes  and  plantains  for  the  negreesi 
it  has  two  fingular  plantations,  and  a 
town  called  HUiJborougb. 

Cakibeana,  now  called  Porta,  or 
Ntn^i  AndalufiOf  which  fee. 

Carjbbee  J/JflW/,  in  the  Weft-In- 
<Jies,  extend  in  a  lemicircular  tbrm  from 
the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  the  eafternmoft 
of  the  Antilles,  to  the  coaft  of  S.  Ame- 
nta. The  ffa  thus  inclofed,  by  the 
main  Ian4  and  the  ifles,  is  called  th^ 
Caribbean  Sea;  and  its  great  channel 
leads  N.  weftward  to  the  head  of  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  through  the  Sea  of 
|lon4ur4s.    Th«  chi«f  of  thffe  ifland* 


CAR  99 

are  Stnia  Crut,  Sombuct,  Anguni% 
St.  Martin,  St.  BartholooMWf  Barbitd^ 
Saba,  St.  Euitatia,  St.  Chrilbpher,  M*. 
vis,  Antigua,  Montftrat,  OtiadalomNb 
Defeada,  Mai  iagalante,  Pominicot  Mar- 
tinico,  St.  Vincent,  B«rbadoc«»  Mi 
Grenada.  Thcfc  art  again  claifiMl  fatp 
Windwajd  and  Leeward  ifles  by  ft«» 
men,  with  regard  to  tlie  uIimI  courSif 
or  (hips,  from  Old  Spain  or  to  tbt  Cso 
naries,  to  Carthegena  or  New-Spauiwkl 
Porto  Bello.  The  geographical  taUcf 
and  maps  clad  them  into  fptU  and  lit- 
tle Antilles  ^  and  authors  vary  modi 
concerning  diis  laft  diftinSion.  9m 
AntilUs. 

The  Cbaraiba  or  Carilttett  were  the 
ancient  natives  of  the  Windward  iflaiid|» 
hence  many  geograpliers  confine  tb# 
term  to  ihele  Hies  only.  Molt  of  theii 
were  anciently  poflitfl'ed  by  a  nation  of 
cannibals,  the  terror  of  the  mild  and  in* 
offVnfive  inhabitamtsof  HifpanioU)  who 
frequently  exprefled  to  Columbus  their 
dread  of  theli;  fierce  invaders.  Thus 
when  thele  iflands  were  afterwards  dis- 
covered by  that  great  man,  they  were 
denominated  Chuibhean  Ifles.  The 
infular  Charaibs  are  fuppofcd  to  be 
immediately  defcended  from  the  Ga.. 
libis  Indians,  or  Cbaraibes  of  Soutlir 
America. 

Caribou,  an  iflind  towards  the  S» 
end  of  Lake  Superior,  in  N.  America^ 
N.  W.  of  Crofs  Cape,  and  S.  wefterly 
of  Montreal  B<«y. 

Carifous,  a  nation  of  S.  America^ 
inhabiting  a  country  to  the  N.  of  the 
river  Amazon ;  who  are  at  perpetual 
war  with  the  Caribbees. 

Carlisle,  the  chief  town  of  Cum- 
berland  co.  Pe>>nryivania,on  the  pott  road 
from  Philadelphia  to  Pitt A)urg}  is  115 
miles  W.  by  N.  from  the  former,  and 
178  E.from  the  latter,  and  i8S.W.from 
Harriniurgh.  Its  fituation  is  pleafant 
and  healthy,  on  a  plain  near  the  foutb* 
em  bank  gf  Conedogwinet  creek,  a  wa- 
ter of  the  Sufquchannah.  The  to«wi 
contains  about  400  houfes,  chiefly  of 
ftone  and  brick,  and  about  1500  inhabi- 
tantf .  The  ftreets  interfeft  each  other 
at  right  angles,  and  the  public  build. 
ings  are  a  college,  court-houfe  md 
gaol,  and  4.  edifices  for  public  worfliip. 
Of  thefe  the  Prelbyterians,  Geniian«» 
Epifcppalians,  and  Roman  Catholics, 
have  each  one.  DickinAm  College, 
aamcd  after  the  cekbntod  John  Dick* 

inioDj 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


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■  50 


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Sciences 

Corporation 


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23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WEBSTIR.N.Y.  M580 

(716)172-4503 


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.  aiipiiNttiMi  tw  a  KlMrar^^ 
fifkarsiMo^noMkli.    It>  re- 

V^l^^^ilMt  *#M<  Id  fttidtnts,  ami  ita 
li^liitiltfa*'kMy4nc^^  About 
^^fSrl  ago  (Ma  ^J»aa  ii3uibitcd  >7 

•  €iiftl.iU^f^rbly«itteW.fide  of 
tlif  SflM««  illr^^  in  Due  Wcfl. 
IWltai  iHiitcd  betiVMtt  Jamet  aiid 
M^  r^rttt'oii  whieh  f^jodi  Bi4dgt. 
mi^P»^M  mti^mMad,  in  1«< 
)blvi3>  9*  Wf  long' <o.  1. 

;PAfti.<»»>  i^^t^t'1ta  the  N.  coaft  of 
iWirFirmwiMl  fen  ifland  which  oom- 
iwbidi  tlw  (plymiiel  bttwMi  the  gulf  of 
Hlhbf^icla,  awl  dMft  of  Maracaybo  on 
the  fr.  fitfle  MOR  dmii  «o  mifeaN.  from 
^  town  4|f  Maraeajrbo. 
^€Atih09tiix*3kimPmie4.  SceCcJkr. 
1r  f^Loa^atbiradrVefMttailnBlew^ 
ilphi,  45  milea  S.  W.  of  &nta  Fe.  It 
iMdaokii  a  hurgebayyN.  lat.  7.4o.Wr 

-;CAR|.OSAi  a  to«m  in  the  interior 
Biit'of  Bmili  in  tke  »5th  degree  of  S. 
btittide,  on  the  S.  E.  ftdu  of  St.  Fnn- 
<^  X.  and  N.  by  W.  fn>ni  Vilhi  Nova. 

QAAif&Lt  a  townfliip  in  Dutchefs 
^ikmr.  New. York.  By  the  ftate  cen- 
tai^  t'tfdi  n37  of  it*  innabitante  were 
eieetsw."'  ''^  --  ^  ■  ■ 
'^CAKMEtOi'a  river  on  the  cotiftof 
New-AfbkHBf  S.  caftward  of  Francifco 
JMy,  N.  lat.  36.  55.  A  little  north- 
waraJnwn  it  is  Sir  Pi^anci*  Drake's 
hitrbour>  where  that  navigator  I'y  five 
weeks. 

'  Carihero,  a  cape  in  the  S.  Sea,  near 
Saifta  Maria,^  oh.  the  coall  of  Peru. 
Lat.  I.  35.  S.jong;'??.  «o.  W. 

CARNBSVlLtE.  the  chief  town  of 
Franklin  CO.  Georgia,  100  miles  N.W. 
of  Augufta.  It  cotttainc  x.  court>hoafe, 
and  about  so  dv^fHing-houfes. 
'Carolina.  See  Narlb- Carolina, 
and  Stuib-Cari^Ha. 
'^AROi^NB  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  on  the 
S.  fide  of  Rappahannock  R.  which  fe- 
|NU-ates  it  from  KiAg  George's  co..  It 
IS  about  40  miles  fquare,'  and  ecmtatns 
>?«#l9  inhabitants,  including  10,19a 
flaves.  ' 

CaRolini  Cfk  on  the  eaftern  ihore 
in^Maryland,i)ietd«rs  on  OeUwire  ftate 
to the£.aodcantaim  $506  inhabittunts, 


Including  9057  tkttu  Its  ckitf tmni 
WmJt^l  ■'  •'    '•■ '     ■■  ' 

CA^ioiRAv  ■  toMta  of  Terra  Flhna; 
N.  Aireriai,  sbntot  jH«  Intkk  N*ti 
front  Gibnltair  on  Minfeiqflw  Lake:* 

0A|iovoBi  PDiNl'.'the  northenrnjibft 
eiintiRiHyiDf the  HIaM  «f  St.  DomiOin. 
in  lha^'#;  fndieii  aj^^  inilex  N,^nk 
the  town  of  St.  Jf«g|^i_^ 

CAkR,  a  fmall  fMM|tt|||i^  Z^eoln 
CO.  diftrift' of  Maine!': ''<<^  i^Fj**'., . 

Carranta'sca  lagoon,  U  a  lai|;e 

Slf  on  the  S.  fide  of  the  bay  of  Hen. 
rar,  ibout  70  miles  N.  w.  of  Cape 
Graeiot'  a  Bios,  and  neirly  is  fiur  6.'^  E. ' 
frotti  Brewer's  Xagoon. 

CARTtRi  n  new  cb.  in  the  ftate  of 
iVaneifee,  fermed  of  a  part  of  the  co*' 
ofWaAington. 

CARTiitBTGai^.    8eei?i«r<M. 

Cartbrbt,  a  naritiineco.  of  New* 
bem  diftrift,  N.  Candina,  on  Gore  and 
PamKco  SolifRls^  It  oontafaii  373a  in- 
habitants, including  713  flaives.  Baan- 
fiiitia  the  chief  town. 

Cartersvilli,  a  town  in  PWvlia-' 
t»no»*  Vif|[in!a«onthe  S.fideof  Jamca 
R.  40  milec  above  Richmoml. 

CartRaobna,  a  bay,  harbour,  and 
town,  and  the  chief  fta.port  in  Terra 
Firmk,  S.  America.  The  city  of  C«r- 
thagena  is  lar^e,  rich  and  ftronriy  fcr*' 
tified,  and  the  chief  of  the  provuice  of 
the  fiune  name,  with  a  bidiop't  fte,and 
one  of  the  bcft  harbours  in  Afflcrica. 
The  entrance  into  this  it  fo  narrow 
that  only  one  ihip  can  enter  at  a  time  { 
and  it  is  defended  by  three  forts.  All 
the  revenues  of  the  Kii^  of  Spain  ftom 
New-Granada  and  Terra  Firma,  are 
brought  to  this  ^lace.  -lir  Francic 
Drake  took  this  city,  and  ennicd  off  ° 
immenre  plunder  in  i  sl$.  The  French 
plundered  it  in  1697)  hut  admiral 
Venion  in  1741,  though  he  had  taken 
the  callles,  was  obliged  to  abandon  the 
(lege,  for  want  of  ikul  in  the  command- 
ers  of  the  land  forces,  and  the  ficknefi 
that  was  among  themi  not  to  mcntioa^ 
the  difference  between  the  admiral  and 
the  general.  The  ftreets  of  the  town 
are  ltrai|rht»  broad  and  well  paved. 
The  hooies  are  built  Of  Aoneor  Dricki 
and  are  «ne  ftory  high.  Here  Is  alfo  a 
court  of  inquifition.  N.  lat.  10.  a7« 
W.  long.  75.  k«. 

Carthago,  <«niierlv  aconfider^ble 
town  of  New  Spain  in  N.  America,  in 
the  province  et  Cofla  Riea,  withabifh- 

op'« 


ma.    li.lm^i^m^llt*^^^  •§*     • . 

betwcM  ■.^kti  Ifii^  ttn;B.  fi«.#irte 
iUc*  M  tht  W..  At  utmAmtut 
it  apii%MtlU»«lttl^  M  il  U^Mm  Md 
ha«  ■t<w.yi(Hl»,:«.>»<N»w-  H  mmI  St. 
ThomMr^^et  Sir  Fraadt  Dndw't 
channd.  (^:  ^ 

Car V  BR,  a  town(hip  io  Plyaiautli 
CO.  Maflachaltttt.  Here  it  a  ptad 
with  iiMk  plenty,  of  ira«9i«*  tl»t  506 
torn  ktm  been  dragged  oat  of  the 
dear  witer  in  a  year.  .  Tkey  kmfi  a 
fiimace  upon  a  ftrtam  wiiich  rune  from 
the  pond ;  and  the  iron  n»de  of  this 
ore  II  better  than  that  made  out -of  bog 
ore,  aad  rome  ii  dmoft  as  good  at  ic- 
fined  ir«a. 

CARrtR'i  MmTt  a  branch  of  8t^ 
Pcter'a  R.  nduch  onpties  into  the 
Mi4Uippi.  Sec  ^.  Pitrre  or  Af«rV 
riv§rm 

CAiACORiB,  A  laice  in  Paragw^  or 
La  Phta  in  S.  America,  about  i^o 
milee  long. 

Ca  SCO  Jl9«  in  the  dillria  of  Mdne, 
fpreada  N.  W.  between  Cape  BUxabeth 
on  thie  S.  W.  and  Cape  Smalt  Point  on 
theN.E.  Within  thef^poiitft,  li^ch 
are  abont  4a  lAtlet  apait,  are  about 
300  finall  iflande,  fome  of  whiteh  are 
inhabited,  aqd  nearly  all  more  or  left 
cultivated.  The  bud  on  tbefe  iflaudt, 
and  on  the  oppofite  coaft  on  the  main, 
it  the  beft  fer  ajgriculture  of  any  on  die 
fta  coaft  of  thia  country.  Cafco^  in- 
cludea  feveralbays.  Mafuh Biff Uif$ 
about  ao  milct  N.  of  Cape-Slixabeth. 
The  watert  of  Cafco  extend  ftveral 
arma  or  creeki  of  fait  water  into  the 
country'.  The  watert  goup  JMmAw-/ 
R.  where  veflUt  of  a  confioeiablc  fiie 
are  carried  by  the  tide,  and  Where  it 
flows  within  one  mile  of  the  watere  of 
Kennebeck.  Ou  the  E.  fide  of  Cape 
Elixabeth  it  the  arm  of  tJie  i«a  called 
Streudwater.  Fzr^tatE.'nPrtfimgj^a 
JR.  Formerly^ealied  Prefumpcc,  or  Pre- 
lumpioag,  v^ich  rifet  in  SebagoPond. 
This  river  opeiit  to  the  waters  ot  Cafco 
Bay  Ml  ^  B.  of  Pottland ;  its  extent 
to  not  givat,  but  it  has  fevcral  valuable 
millt  upon  it.  Rmj^'s  it .  called  by  the 
natives  Weftecufleeo,  falli  into  the  bay 
6  mllct  fifom  Prduraplcot  R.  It  h&t 
a  good  harbour  at  its  aetttb  for  finall 


C  A  9 

nfSktu^kmmmtit^wKlli  ui 
a  mitM  Hiltaralill>4AftMI 
gatioo.    Jietwcen   it   4mt 

3Mii»"ai»'^>aivtt«  i  ■tmk  ttA^ 


^^««i#« 


haihoan  «fCidiBilF«y  iiM#i 
-iMo^  iw  omWr.lttidi  «iM«Jig'.|y^ 
<Mr  linatt  odMi*  w<  iMtiWii|  tt| 
coMttry  hintrioQtfiiiNnB. 
C««»s AK,  cr  Bnut^i  a  fiuall  liil 

I9    OujlUfttlOtt*;  TifOMtt.     ft  Ml 

Ifittfin  htek  hoflfc^nn  it»'  ^nArb  filB> 
It  it  a  held  water  of  toMhflii  am/f 

CAii^mBiAe»afMr  MidiBiiiK|4 
em  fidanf  Ckaltfnr  Baf,  ibSnt  i  llA$ 
from  Black  Cape,  N.  W.  by  If.  Wm 
bottom  ofCii<i|uifi%i«l€3>MNhki 
tamte  of  about  one  'league  Wtni 
it  the  fKat  rifcr  «f  Cafi)|Uiplhin£. 
lies  about  woft  fton  Ih^  AMmA-,  aUli 
fiinli  a  finall  cod  aid  fidmon  fil^f. ' ' 

CAstiTAH,  an  Mten  low^  i&  tM 
wefternpart  of  Oeorgia>  which,  it  «N|I 
a*  the  Coweta  town,  it  So  ih^  biAi# 
the  Horli  Ford,  on  CbtittAfaoiitfee  4yiF. 

CamU  skL  OR*.,  8i^  9)^ 
Anna. 

X  CASttM,  the  fliiie(o#ik  ef  Haiiedcl 
CO.  difirift  of  MihM^  ia  fiiiMlaa  on  Pi^ 
Dobicot  bay.  It  waa  talteh  frbiki  ^ 
towncf  P^ohiiMt,  and  incorporated  a 
Feb.  1796.  It  it  named  aftera  Pr«ta|ri| 
gentleman  who  refided  hext  ii»  jNiti' 
ago^  at  alfe 

CAtrmt  Rjwf,  wfiidi  la  itfbot  id 
miietlong,  is  navigable  forS  it^,  Mii 
hat  fcveral  milMattho  htei^fif.  11 
emptiet  into  Ponebfeot  bal^.  ^ ' 

CA8Tt.tfotV»,  a  towraiip  in  Ridiifc 
mond  CO.  Staten  I.  New-York,  whifiK 
contains  805  inhabitants,  indudmg  It4 
fla vet.  1 14  of  ita  iifiu^itantt  are  dlw- 
tws. 

CASTttTOM,  a  townlhip  and*  ivhii 
in  Rttthmd  co.  Veimontf  »d  milet  S.  £.' 
of  Mt.  Imlcpendence,  at  Ticonderoga; 
Lake  Bombaton  it  chiefly  in  thtt  town^ 
and  fendt  ita  watert  into  Caftleton  R* 
which,  fifing  in-Pittsford,  paffist  through 
thit  town  in  a  S.  wefteriy  courfe,  ani 
Mlt  into  Pultney  R.  in  the  town  of 
Fairhaven,  a  little  below  Col.  Lyon't 
ironwarkt.  Fort  ^Vainer  llandt  in  this 
town.    Inhabitants  80  5^    > 

CastorV  R.  in  Newfoundland  tlU 
ai  d,  empties  in  the  harbour  of  St.  John**.  ' 
Itt  fixe  It  confidesable  for  15  milet  from 
the  lea. 

CarfRO,  n  flrong  town  in  S.  AsmtU 
ca,  in  Chili,  «ad  capitid  of  the  iflnkl  of 

F  Ghtloo. 


CAT 

It'iPM  t«te  lw<tli»  D«teh  in 

\f9  VMifiiyiiA,  or  JWiwi  a 

jtvifitiftiMi  i» Jl.  Amcfica^  in 

ftrili  vuliisbtl  vodt  ptAn, 

•  mins9-ivmpBOt9n\mho^9- 

.    /^beH^wtff  i*  i»54nHMi8.E. 

pAfwiai.  ^.  in  HtftllK»w«A  diihifti 
Nv  ltlf#uii  bonWt  od  Vtrginia  N. 
H  ^^fji^^  loao^f  inlMbitm'.«»  of  whom 
§^V;t(tK9f9.  .  twftu^istlie  chief 

MM  «r  I^MMMkuH^  one  of 

|41UM)b»     It  W8*  $h«  fifft  luid 

bjK  Celumbii*,  to  which  he 

IJ^  i|(uq«  of  St.  Salndore,  on  oa. 

Is,  |49a.    It  liea  on  a  particular  banlc 

|»  tie  £.  9fUM  Great  Bahama  Bank, 

jwhich  it  it  jMurted  by  a.  narrow 

itfel,  calM  Exuma  Sound.    N.  lat. 

JO.  W.  long.  74.  JO. 

^CAtA9AwJiifvtr..  SttlFateree. 

CatAba w  IiuSant,  a  Imall  tribe  who 

llfve  one  town  calkd  Catabaw,  fituated 

tmthk  rirnrof thjitname,  N.  lat.  44.  J9. 

n  t^  boundary  line  between  N.  and 

i^  Quoiina,  andT  contain*  about  450  in. 

~*"ftantt|  of  which  about  1  jo  are  fight- 

«Kn«,   ThmucthpwUy  tribe  which 

in  the  ftatet  144,000.  acres  of 

wfi«  gnuitcd  thvm  by  the  proprie- 

govcriment.    Thefe  are  the  re- 

Sintof  a  Jbnn|dabfe  itation,  the  brjiv. 
and  moff  generous  $nemy  the  fix  na- 
tUN^  had }  Mt  they  have  dcgenerateJ 
^Ktthey  hai^  b)ecn  forroundrd  by  the 
wliltea. 

]  pATAR^VA,  Cataraiui,  otCtUera- 
fw,  appiear  in  old  maps,  thus  varied,  as 
die  name  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  its  out> 
Mt  tro^ooia  R.  j  but  thd'e  names  are 
Bowr  pbfolefe. 

Catawissy,  a  townihip  in  North' 
iimherIandco.Pdinfylvsmia,  fituateci  on 
jhe^.  £.  bank  of  the  E.  branch  of  Suf- 
i^ehannah  R.  oppoiite  the  mouth  of 
#lfliing  Cnek,  and  about  so  miiies  N. 
E.  of  Sonbniy. 

\  C A-^ASCBt  or  Cetiants,  a  fmall  ri- 
ver in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  which  rifes  in 
Top(ham,  and  empties  into  Merry 
MertingBaf^and  has  fcveral  mills  upon  it. 
Ca^h  liRiNtVlstE,  St.  a  froalUdand 
ill  the  captatnftip  of  St.  Vincent's,  in 
Brtgia,  belonnng  to  the  PorfugM<Tre,  47 
PI.UCS  S,  of  CagMca  I.^   It  is  «lH>ut  a  5 


C  A  X 

miieA-fra^i  N.  to  6»  fariuMlRt'li^n- 
diMi,  who  attft  tlw  Pbrtn«M!ft  npfatft^ 
thaaf  «nen^,  dit  m«fi»ffi«f  Bnutu;'  S. 
Ut.  S7.  to.  W.  fbiw*  4f .  If  • 
-  Atii,  •  pleaihrit  iSmA  on  die  harbour 
nf  SMHyt  in  the  ftafetifOceciia. ' 

JkUHik^mM  pmdnaNc  Mann  on  the 
fotith  coaft  of  St.  UiiiiiMoiM  leagues 
eaftwavd  of  the  lowtf  idif  |f||Jhmin«o. 
.  Ga-i^irini**  fMiMi^ifikllniaite  CO. 
New- York,  lies  j  miles  8.  <v  the  8.  end 
of  Scnfca  lake. 

Cato,  a  miliHuy  tewnfliip  in  New. 
York  Hate,  i»  miles  8.  E. otlakc Onta> 
rio,  and  about  so  8.  of  Ofwego  PorT. 

CATTAHttRK, oncof  the  Uisabeth 
ifles j  in  the  ftate  of  MaflLchnfttts,  See 
Bmexard'i-B^,  i 

Cavca,  a  river  intlieilihcAusofDa' 
rieny  whofe  foui-ce  is  in  common  with  • 
thatof  LaMasdalena,  in  the  lakePapos, 
near  the  8th  Agree  of  8.  latitude,  and 
which  falls  into  this  laft  river. 

Cavallo,  a  Tea-port  town  in  the  pro* 
vince  of  Venezuela)  on  Terra  Firma,  or 
ifthmus  of  Darien,  %s  miles  N.  E.^8t. 
Jagb  de  Leon.  It  is  well  fortified,  and 
in  a  former  war  was  Hnfuccefifully  at- 
tacked by  CfNnmodore  Knowles.  Lat. 
10.  15.  long.  6t,  IS. 

Cavaillon,  a  town  on  the  S.  fide 
of  the  8.  peninfulaof  the  iflahd  of  St. 
DMningo,  about  j  leagues  N.  E.  of  Les 
Cayes,  and  5  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Lotkis. 
N.lat.  it^itf. 

Cavknoish,  a  townlblp  b  Windfor 
CO.  Vermont,  W.  of  Weathersfield,  on 
Black  river,  having  491  inhabitants. 
Upon  this  river,  and  within  this  town- 
(hip,  the  channel  has  l>4cn  worn 
down  too  feet,  and  ro<ks  of  very  large 
dimenfions  have  been  undermined  and 
thrown  down  one  upon  another.  Holes 
are  wrought  in  the  rocks  of  various  di- 
menfions, and  fo-ms )  fome  cylindrical, 
from  I  to  8  feet  initiameter,  and  from 
I  to  15  feet  in  depth)  others  are  of  a 
fpherical  form,  from  6  td  10.  feet  diame- 
ter,  worn  alrooft  perfeftly  linooth,  into 
the  folid  body  of  a  rock. 

Caviana*  an  ifland  in  S.  America, 
towards  the  N.  W.  fide  of  Amazon  R. 
and  in  30'  N.lathude. 

Cavooliiro,  a  bay  on  the  8.  fide 
of  the  iflaml  of  St.  Domingo,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Rottiaiae,  a4  leagues 
E.  of  St.  Oomingo. 

CAXAMAR<n;A,aJurirdi£l!on  in  Peru, 
S.  America,uitder  the  bifhop  of  TruxiUo, 

lying 


S.  fide 

of  St. 

.  ofLM 

LotiU. 


S.  fide 

at  the 

,  leagues 


t 


0  ikr 

tit.  iaddM^  ^M.  Thgr  hm 
1kiv«  cMfiMNiblc  tndt  with  QUK»)r» 
Liin,^^^dllo»lie«  HfvetldMikns 
wMvi  eocMn  ^  flpt|>t*  failtt  ^M  i^- 
uiHH,m^Sim  ItfHpmoclu*,  &c.  >Tbcre 
aw  fami^^feicrflwict^  but  of  little  con- 
ftdocacf.^  vTbfrtowB  ol  the  fiune  nune 
iefitwatailN.  Ei>  from  the  city  of  Trox> 
Ulo. 

CAJtAM^t^tLA,  afintill  junfiliaion 
Hkewtie  in  F«ra,  nnder  the  biOep  of 
Tnutflio. 

Cavamaoa,  or  CfyagUf  fomctimee 
called  the  G>eat  Rivvr*  empties  In 
At  the  8.  bank  of  lake  Erie»  4,0  miles 
eaftward  of  the  mouth  r>f  Huron  {  hav- 
ing an  Indian  town  of  the  fiime  n^rne  on 
its  lu^s.  tt  is  navigable  for  boats  { 
and  Its  naouth  is  wide,  and  deep  eooiigh 
to  receive  large  flobps  from  the  lake. 
Near  ttii  are  the  celebntcd  rocks  which 
pivjefi over  the  lake..  They  are  ftverai 
milet  in  len|th»  and  rife  40  or  50  feet  per- 
pendicular out  of  the  water.  ,  Some 
'  parts  of  them  conAH  of  feveral  dnta  of 
diflTereiit  colourr*  lying  in  a  horuontal 
direAion ;  and  fo  exaaly  parallel^  that 
they  reiemble  tlie  work  of  ait.  The 
view  from  the  land  is  grand«  but  the 
water  preftnts  the  moft  magnUicent  pro- 
ijieft  of  this  fublime  work  of  nature  i  it 
is  attendeid,  however,  with  great  dan- 
ger) f9|r  if  the  leaft  ftonn  arifes,  the 
fjorce  9f  the  Auf  is  fuch  that  no 
veflel    can    efcape    being    tlaflted    to 

Ereces  aninft  the  rocks.  Col.  Brpadf- 
ead  fuffered  fliipwreck  here  in  the  late 
war.  and  loft  a  number  of  his  mcti»  when 
a  ftrong  wind  arofe,  £a  that  the  latt  ca- 
noe narrowly  elcapcd.  The  heathen 
IndianSi  when  they  pafs  this  impending 
danger^  offer  a  facrifice  of  tobacco  to 
the  water. 

Part  of  the  boundary  line  between 
the  U.  S.  A.  and  the  Indians,  begins  at 
^  mouth  ot'  Cayahagai  and  nuns  up 
the  fame  to  the  portage  between  that 
and  the  Tulcarawa  branch  of  the  Muf- 
fcuuurh* 

,  The  Cayuga  nation,  confiding  of  500. 
Indian*}  40:  of  whom  refidein  the  United 
States,  the  reft  in  Canada,  receive  of  the 
Alte  of  New- York  an  annvi.ry  of  a  300 
jloUarx,  beiides  50  dollars  granted  to  one 
«f  their  chiefs,  as  a  coulideratioii  for 
liodsibld  by  tb«m  to  the ftattc,  and  500 


Q  AT  It 

^  CAYtNVtiliptf^iilCArilli 

pari  <tf  th«  coQifocMiWllicli  4 
boiMMlad  K-«ii4  K*,  tbf  jj 
ocawi  S*  by  AuMMBiai  M4>^<«li 
Ouianai  or  SurinMi^  If  igMndr/#4(|. 
milca  along,  the  nm  oC  Omm  t«p 
neaily  .«0||  mHik  witUiiMi  \  ' 
imm  mi  equator  wiiim  fll^ « 
N.lak.  Thecoat.iaJow  and 
and  Aibjrato  Imivdat^* 
multitfidc  of  rivers  whi«li.f«|i,dowJ( 
the  mounttim  with  mat  immtaelflUjfp 
The  Jbil.isiniaiMRar|NMet  fitr#!»  |i»- 
ducing  fiiguv  t9becc4» .  Iffiditn.  cfli% 
fruits,  &c.  The  Fraach  have  takfaM^ 
re(rKmoifaBiflan4>MPMtl^ c»Ai  callad 
alio  Cayenne,  which;  a»  likiwll*  ilM! 
wbole.countiy*  t/itm  ittnaine  frw«  thi 
river  that  is  northward  of  it. 

Caybnni  JL  rtfta  in  the  mouatalnt 
near  the  lake  of  Parima,  nmathioui^ Ih* 
country  of  the  GaliU«»  a  nation  ^, 
Charibbet^  Indianst  and  it.  H94  Icng^ 
long )  the  ifland  which  ijt  onvironi,  |ir 
1 8  leagues  in  circuit,  i|  gpod  and.  fmti^ 
but  unhealthy.  In  1 7  ja«  the  espcrttof 
the  culoiiv  were  «4o,54i  Qji.  ^aqMMOk 
80,36)  Ihs.  fupir,  17,919  lbs.  cotton* 
a6,8ii  Ibs.coif^f  pi,oi<(lbs.O)coaf  b!N 
fide  timber  and  pianki.  .Tht  FnoMdl 
firftfettledberft  in  i$^i,  vad  built  th». 
ton  of  Ceperou,  but  were  oiiien  for^ 
to  4uit  it,  yet  returned  thither  again.  «a 
in  1640, 1651,  and  1654,  and  wcik  form 
ctd  to  Ifafe  it  for  want  of  reinforce^ 
ments.  The  Dutch  fcttlad  hera  in. 
1656,  but  wercdriven  oot  by  M.  da  In 
Baire.  .The  Dutch  hui  thtar  rcvmg* 
in  1676,  and  droVe  out  the  Frentsh  |  bttt 
were  therafelves  beat  out.  the  year  af* 
tei-,  by  d'Eftrees. 

Cayss,  Lrs,  a  fta.part  townon  th« 
S.  fide  of  the  S.  peninftilA  of  the  ifiuid 
of  St.  Domineo.  1 3  leagu^i  W,  by  S.  of 
St.I^uis.  N.Ja:.  tS.  la. 
.  CaitLOMa,  ajurifdi^lion  under  tht 
hi/hop!  of  Arc<{Utpa»  3«  leagues  ;E;^  of 
that  city,  in  S.  Aincrica,  in  Peru,  ia» 
mons  for  the  filv^sr  mines  in  the  mottn  t<ina 
oftheliiQienamei  which  are. very  rich, 
though  they  have  been  wotktd.tiMr  n 
long  time.  The  country  round  it  ia 
cold  and  barren.  There  is  an  cffict 
here  for  receiving  the  ki^*s  fifths,  and 
Vending  quickfilver. 
pAVMAMit  i  finnil  iibn4*»  55  Kagvca 
Fa  N. 


^ 

w. 


*«  tftlrlfl»MSi  ^  I«MSet|  mmI 

wiipiwt'iiiiiwiriwwwiy  or 

mginltk  M  illlilbililt^  i<d  fiB|^»,  who 

■hciMitnK  vlu«  on  the 
TMe  mxaftt  M«  fell  tre  fingu- 
iiilllM(M«i  aAd  fh«pi6ptftak«vig*- 
^lidl  dMAMdiily  Kv«  «» t  gwfot  ige. 
fif  Ml&ttil  1iHi*«r  M<Nluet  «if  their 
tf^mmwl^tt.  Th«ir<ihitfcm. 
^mMt  i»  t^  iStor  vdTct*  t*  the  adj»- 
AifiMiHirlt,  aM  to  lUh  ^  torfle  |  With 
«^^  Ml  thef  Ib&piy  Port  Royal  and 
OfMti-ohKiM  in  great  t^iMMitiei.  Great 
Glyftalkl  llninN.  hi**  is*  44«  W.  long. 
"->.■' S9*- ■       '■    ' 

CXYitttB,  ORAMtoir  aM  ifland  on 
A|  N^  <Mr  of  the  S.  (lentnfula  of  the 
MHWr  «f  8t.  Dbttitoig^  *  leagues  lung 
andonebrowl. 

CAViroAk  i  beantifut4ako  in  Otien- 
dH^CD.  N^v-YoHii  ftt#i  3$  1040  mileo 
ii&,  Itlelit  a  Riflet  wKlf,  ihfomeplaeea 
li  tti  aBoUlKll  #ith  fthtion;  hafs»  cat. 
mtkt^  Mitt  &c.  It  Ikt  between  Seneca 
^Ad  Om^ico  hdl^  and  at  the  N.  end 
^toblieifaitoScaya^A.  whielvUtheS. 
ciMl^paitdfSaifcCaR.  «^fe  waters 
Ddklt^bifeeOntaiio.  On  each  fide  of 
life  laie  ii  a  fcury  hoafei  where  jpiod  at> 
ilMiaiiielS'^venii  The  itftrvatioA  lands 
dTlhb  Oi^ogh  Indiana  lie  Mbtwth  fides 
(^tHe  laice  at  ttl  northten  end. 
<  Ca%aee9,  a  tiwii  of  Mexico.   See 

CAtmoviJi*  a  new  and  thriving 
mrtMf,  hi  Herkelner  co.  New-York, 
^  fliiles  weftward  of  Whiteftown.  By 
^  %itt  (lenfusof  179*,  tj^  of  its  in- 
MaNltaiiiaareeleaors. 

•  CMit,  afownfti<^in  Waflriogten  <». 
Ptinniylrania. 

'■^  ICifftAK  Piktt  a  (Doit  of  entry  in 
<£htt|^eo.  Maryland,  on  the  E.  fide  of 
IkKtdimac  k.  abou.  i«  miles  b(|ow 
Port  Tobacoo»aMd  96  S«  by  W;  of  ftal- 
ttK^kot*  Its  exymts'  are  chid^  feobac- 
«b  and  Indian  com,  and  in  1794,  a- 
mounted  in  iralue  to  it>59S  dotfjrs. 

*  CtWk*.  AcMi  a  caj^  on  the  W.  fide 
oriMI«iiHtfe  Bay  in  St.  Mwy'e  co.  Ma. 
lyland. 

Ctt^Alt  Uekt  b  fttt  iyiPing  in  the  ftate 

of  tVnfieflee,  i<^  niile»fr«iB  Nalbviilei 

4 -irom  Big  Sfltifif,  and  6  ftotti  Little 

Sprii^. 

'  €|litiivii.i.t>  lb*  cUaf'  town  of 


C  H^ 

^pm  AmTs  CO.  «d  411  tlwB.  fi^  «f 
aMiiipteklNivl»M»yl«l*>  It4ietb«^ 

twMN  iho  CMia  o|C#fie«  «f«ik#  whieli 
nmi  into  Ghcfter  R.  and  ha«lM«ni  hteljF 
Wd  oMi  It  ndlea  8.  of  ChaAesj  t4> 
S^  lt>  |i«$v  of  BaltiRMntand  05  S.  ^* 
by  $.  omOaderi^    K.  lat.  39.  <* 

CBSf  ARKSr  a  faitit^  aotthmrd  of 
IVitagoina  hi  8.  AmmmrJmi.mt  4%^ 
degree  of  &  Ut.  hifaabitedfry  ai^lst  trtbo 
of  that  namie  dcfcendul  &mi  the  8|i«n> 
ianis}  beinKihe  people  cf  3  fliips  that 
were  wrcclm on  this  eoaft  in  1340. 

OiA>A(MriD0iCK  !jUt  bcloi^  to 
Ou£e*s  CO.  Maflachuletts.  It  lies  near 
to,  atid  eatenda  acrofii  the  E.  end  of 
Abrtha*s  Vineyard  ifland. 

CHACAfOYAS,  ajurifdi6Uori  under  the 
biibopofTruxillotinPenif  8.  Anicri> 
ca.  The  Indians  make  a  great  variety 
of  cottons  andtapeftry  here,  which  for 
the  livelinefs  of  the  cotours  andneatneia 
of  the  work  defenre  attention.  They 
alfo  make  cotton  fail  cloth.  It  liei 
within  the  Cordilleras. 

ChaCtaw  tiills,  in  the  N.  W.  cor« 
ner  of  Georgia  river. 

Ch  ACTA  W8,or  flat  heads,area  power- 
fttl,  hardy,  liibtile  and  intrepid  race  of 
Indianst  who  inhabit  a  very  fine  and 
extcbfive  traA  of  billy  country,  with 
large  and  fertile  plains  intervenin|^,  be- 
tween the  Alabama  and  Miflifippi  rivers, 
and  in  the  weftem  part  of  the  ftate  of 
Georgia.    This  nation  had,  nit  many 
years  ago,  43  towns  and  villages,  iqr 
three  divifions,  containing  11,1  a]  foulsi 
of  which   4,'o4i  were  fighting  men. 
They  are  called  by  the  traders   PUt*; 
heads,  all  the  maks  having  the  fore  andr 
hind  paA  of  their  ikulls  artificially  flat- 
tened when  young.    Thefe  men,  unUkft^ 
the  Mutcogidges,  areflovenly  and  ne*^«' 
gltgent  in  evenr  oart  of  their  drcfs,  b«|' 
otherwi^  are  laid  to  be  ingenious,  fen- 
fible  and  virtuous  men,   bold  uid  inw 
trepid,  yet  quiet  atid  pdioable.    Some 
late  ttwellert,  bowtver,  haveobfitmd 
that  they  pay  little  attention  to  the  mpi 
nece£>y  rules  of  moral  conduA,  at 
Icift  that  unnatural  crimen  were  too 
treouent  amoi^  them.    Different  from 
mott  of  the  Indim  natioits  bordering  on 
tbe'&nited  States,  they  have  larfe  ^an- 
taiene  otr  country  rarms,  wters  they 
employ  mt(ch  of  tmir  time  in  ^[rlkulttt- 
ral  iia^rovements,  after  the  manner  0^ 
the  white  people.    Akho*  their  territi^ 
.fklaie  *os  |1h  iSi  large  as  thofit  of  thtf 

Mufc(>gulg9 


5je 


% 


;ii ' 


foul«( 
intn* 
Plat. 
Mre  and 
flat- 
unllkt^ 
ne« 
t,  but 
II,  fen. 
and  ixu 
Some 
iftrred 
he  moil 
uA,  at 
t  too 
from 


MMftBgOgi  nmMrmf,  H^m^ 
«r  Umammh  flatter,   Tli«QNf 

Maiae.  talM  %  iMe  Gupi  Work# 
Jtivwv  aiMwit. |« mtt«» Annrvtiie.iPQiiltb 
iBf  tlw  9aii|KbM|  P«nd«  fr(Nn,  whif  h  it 
^lowi.  IiitfiMt»tHtv«ttkcaitalattcr 
iuim«,ft<9ai  tkSaB  wttb  )t  ftwf,  moved 
by  one  Kdicel.  titOffl  by  one  {.odors. 
IkM  the  profeft  wrai  loon  laid  a0d«, 
The  former  Mmo> ja  derived  from  Mr. 
ChadbowrnetoneWthe  firft  ftttl«r«i  who 
t>m-chaad  the  land  on  the  moutb  of  it, 
of  the  natives,  and  wbofe  pofterlfy  pof- 
fefs  it  at  this  day. 

Chaokb,  a  river  and  town  in  Terra 
Firmsr  S.  America.  The  riy?r4»qis  to 
the  N.  Sea,  and  was' formerly  salM  ta- 

ras,  from  the  .'umber  o£alli||atoriin 
,  hu  ttsiburce  in  the  moimtaiM  near 
.Cruets,  and  its  mouth  is  jn^«  lat<5,| 
where  tiiere  |s  a  Arong  Iwt*  buik  ctn  a  > 
fteep  rock,  ron  the  £.  tide,  near  thf:  ica; 


3!M^i^^ 


tcmto> 

of  thf 

cogulge 


flsoh.  This  fort  baa^ «  comm»Q;la|it, 
^nd  lieutenant,  and  the  garrilbn ,  is| 
draughted  from  Pl  :ama,  to  which  you 
goby  thisffhr<er,  Umdingat  Crucff«about 
5  leagues  flpom  Panama,  and  tlienci;  oar; 
travels  by  land  to  that  citv.  Opiwlite  to! 
iiurt  Chagre  i|  the  royal  cuftpm-houf^.; 
Here  the  river  is  broadcft,  being  .l»o 
toifes  over)  nVhereas,  at  Cnices»w!)iere: 
it  begiiM  to  be  navigiable,  it  ps  o«!^ly  ^p| 
•toifeswidet  ftom  the  town  of  .Cba||Ke, 
to  the  mouth  of  the  river,  is  »t  m>le» 
*N.  W.  by  W.  biit  jneaforiag  by  water 
.is4,3  miles..  TJbere  is  at  Cruocs  an  |il- 
calde,  who  lives  at  the  cuftom-rho^ft; 
and  takesanjiccQUQt  of  all  gopds  on  the, 
river.  Chagre  fort  was  taken  by  Admi- 
.ral  Vemoa,  in  1740* 

C^Atca  Luke,  See  itfirAflrcv* 
Chajlbvrs,  a  deep  and  broad  bay 
on  the  W.  fide  of  the  gulph  of  St.  Law^ 
renc<(.  Fkt)mthis  bay  to  that  of  Verte,^ 
on  the  S.]nthe8*E.  corner qf -the  fiilf, 
is  the  N.  E.  fea  line  of  ^e  BritUh  prpJ 
vintie  irf'-NeWrfiraniwick.  '         ' 

CMAilBERSBVRO,   a     poft    tOWH  M 

\Pennly4vama,  and  tile  chief  of  Franklin 
7co..  It  is  fituafeed  on  the  eaftern  branch 
.of  CoHD|radiiagueci!eck,  R  wata  of  Po< 
,towmaci(.iilAi^cband highly  $ultivat-j 
ved  iotitftiv,VaM  healthy  fituation.-^ 
(Here  are^ about  «oo  houfes^  i  Prafliytip-i 
Mm  'churches,  &  ftone  gaol,  a  handloms 
«ouM.Ju>uie  built  of  bCickt  4}  pap$r  and 


■0 

fiigicicithrc«dthf^l  ^*-„  .^    . 
l^Hngtpdfa^l.    |tpascmedW»%r 

reU  aiMi  Eicblisil  i«M  Ibe  P|«»ck|9 
Canada.  .^ 

CHAMiH,Bi.  ffr*,  ;ls  hwdi^  agj 
welt  builr>  on  tiKB  nprg^i  of  t^  nvcr^v 
the  Oune  mmf^  about  1 »  or  'Mnm  f^ 
W.  W  Ik^oiitreal,  and  N.  of  8^  Jpb%> 
fort.    It  was  ukeii  bytbc  Afamu* 

pa.  M,  i77Sr  M  i»>yt«  bX.*^ 
tdh,  Jan,  it,  S77|.  .  %  1^-  f»*i^>» 
pHAMFLMllji  Ji  lakeiMjcT  jpi  |pc^ 
lake  Ontario,;  a^U^  g.»,16.Jr<«Bv 
formal  a  vm9t;^t  .4Ml^M#fr      /  / 
t^en  the  jbtepipf  J^eWEypr^MV^    // 

a)oi)t.   Tfii^ijgfciiiti  iinwTnwi^t  wtw       ' 


lU'.  'I 


,lv  - 


f^SbftoRe^^JIfflAJiprrfeK'sJakc^ 
oniiig  its  ien^h  from  F»{|l)a^  f o  Si(. 
John's,  a  faqur^  nearly  K.  \iU  ibont  «oo 
miles ;  it's  breadth  i&  from  i  to  1 1  awl^ 
being  yery  diffwnt  m  ^^fffWft  pN^"  » 
the  npean,  width  is  abc^t  $  imi^^Jmi 
it  occupies  alwut  100.000  aon.  ta 
depth  IS  (uffcient  ^  t^^i^^  .yeflt^. 
There  aie  in  it  above  fi^ty  ilbM|  flf 
dilterefit  fia^s  {  the  t^oft  e<^aMer»b|e 
are  North  .nnd  South  ffcro,  Rnd  |(Mte 
ifland.  Npit^  ^ep>  er  prapa  Pv, 
is  24.  mUcs  iMg,  'and  jfronp,  y  u>  j^ 
wide.  Itref^ves  at  Ticonderci|a  tbe 
waters  of  ,|-id«  George  from  tl^tt  S.,  8. 
W.  whicfc  i'sii^icl  to  he  lOo  feet  hi^j^fr 
than  t\^tt.  waters  of  this  lake.  Hall  the 
rivers  and  ftream*  whifh  rife  in  Ver- 
mont fall  into  it.  T,h««  are  fi(ver|il 
which  come  to  it  from'New- York  ftate 
and  fome  from  Canada}  to  which  Idfk 
\t  (01(18  its  own  waters,  a  N.  fourff, 
thi^'  SoreU  or  Ch^mblrfViver,  iiwo  t^t 
St. /Lawrence.  This  iwe  is  well  ftpied 
with  iUJ),  particularly  Valinop,  lahnon- 
irovt,  fturgeon  and  pickerel }  and  tne 
land  on  its  borders,  and  c^  the  baujis  of 
its  rivers,  is  goodi,  .<. 

Therjyks  in  iVveral  places  appear  fo 
be  in»rk«d^.fP<i  ftaincd,  with  the  f«ar- 
m<;if  fuvfa§e  ot  t^e  lake,.inanyiV^  inff^- 
er  than  )t  has  been  fmce  iu  difco|very 
in  1608.  .iThc  waters  seneia|[|y,  riie 
^pm  al^ojit  the  20  th  of  jn.pnif  ^9^^^ 

F  3  .     'aoth 


^#  hm*m  4.  Mf  <  fttfi  tiife 

JMail#  «Mtl(>n  b  Mf  knott  tkN  • 
llll.'  '  Ir  if  ftMom  oftirilr  iipt  nfeiHrti 
|m,  mdl  tl»r  middfe  af  Unrnf.  B^ 
Mitiijw  itli  iM«l  isthoT  A|rn  the  ice 
M  of}  md  it  19  tiaitnn- 

}  in  CfilMi  CO.  Ne4».Yoik, 
riikct  iti  iMaii  IMi  the  lake  ua 
SiUdi  it  Jiee.  It  waf  granted  to  fbm 
Itaalim  mi  Nora^Scocia  lefof^s, 
mHif^i^  either  in  th»  Ai^ce  of  the 
VtSmM^tk,  during  tkeivar,  or  fled 
t§mm  Mr  woteftii^;  The  tiidigeiiee 
•«^'ji'hiihit«ofthere  people  oecafiohed 

idHf  u|  of  the  MtlcAicn^ }  and 
tn  or  tnhabi«aata  have  - 


a^^jJaUfthrirnlacc.    Thehnde  are  fer. 
mdum  rivtrt  ran  throngh  ft,  well 
y«h  fi(h.    It  has  f7S  inhabi- 
tnd  ijbyea.-   ^y  the  ftate  cen. 
Iba  of  17^6^  7.4  of  tbrinhaUtants  are 

;  CniANCiroRV,  t  t9«nii))ip  ip  York 
^.  Pemi/yi^atia. 

^  Clt^rAtAN,  one  of  the  largpil  hikes 
iil'Me«?ce,  or  New  Spain. 

CuAtrnt.  HiLi,  a  fcifk  town  in  Q. 
nnpelM.fi.  Carolina,  ^tuatcd  on  a 
'ftm^  |if  Newhope  cifeek,  which  emp. 
tk*  bite  the  N.  W.  braneh  of  Caoe 
VcirKf  This  is  the  f^  ehofenftr 
the-ftatof  the  yniverQtjr  oTNoith-Ca. 
H^ina,  JPvw  hi^fts  are  ss  vet  ereAed } 
'tnirt  apart  of  the  publtcbuiidings  were 
in  iUcn  ibrwardnels»  tliilit  ftudehts  were 
IvditHtted*  and  education  tx^menced'  in 
Jan;  ij^d.  The  beautiiiil  and  eleva- 
ted fcite  of  this  town.comniands  a  plea- 
iing  and  extenfive  view  of  the  liurround- 
ing  ^intry  j  la  miles  8.  by  B;«fHtil. 
jliormirh,  and  47a  S.  W.  of  PliiladeU 
fibia.  II.  lat.  35. 40.  W.  long.  79.  4. 
-  CHA«i.EM«M/f ,  ato^frfflup  m  Hamp- 
fliireto.  Mafachufettf,  t6  miles  W.  of 
l>cerfiekl,  h^vin^  ^|c  inhabitants. 

CHARLES  It.  m  liftiflaehuflctts,  call, 
fd  anciently  S^tmtfiriim,  is  a  confider- 
able  ftream,  uie  pruic'ipal  bmach  of 
which  rifes  fiom  a  paiM  bofdering  on 
.Hopkiutpn.  It  pailes  tlMrough  HoUtT- 
ton  and  BelUi^m,  and  dii^e  Med- 
way  fiom  KMficid»  Winntham, ,  wnd 
Ffanklin,  and  thence  into  Bniham, 
where,  by  a  ctiriona  bend  tt'lprma  a 
peninluia,uf  (oo  acres  offauid.  Aftream 
tailed  Mother  Brook,  runs  out  of  ttua 


rfv«rilk  thU  loira,  JMd  MlaiiibMii^ 
^$,4  fcnning  ■  naminl  ctntf,  wHiiiif 
eliet««»  riveni  and^aiNiMig  •  muimt 
of  c^llcni  milHuta.  WimlMhtlk 
tht  cMirii  ofth^  (i««t  ib  niMhIriy;  '^. 
vidi^llisMMi  Ami  McUham» '  WifL 
toii,«idWiltham«  pUtngwmwmtMii 
tie  falls  i  it  tlien  Mhiiv  tbl^  l^.B.  and 
S.  tkraogh  Wattrt0i|!infid  qainhridgti 
andpafling  intoBoHohMiiom  Ainglet 
with  the  nvaters  of  Myite  it.  at  the 
point  of  the  MninAila  of  Chadtflown. 
It  is  navigable  tisr  beats  to  Warenown, 
7  mites.  The  moft  Mnarkabie  brWgei 
on  this  river  are  tho(i  which  coniMJI 
Bofton  with  Charleftown  and  Cam- 
bridge. See  S^m.  There  are  7,  paper 
milii  eii  this  river,  befides  odkr  muK. 

CHARi.ts  Of%  on  ih^  weffem  fliore  of 
Marybnd,  lies  between  Potwwmack  and 
Patoxent  rivers.  Its  chief  town  is  Port 
Tobacco,  on  the  r>««r  of  that  name'.  Its 
extreme  lertgth  is  «t  mihes,  its  breadth 
s4»  and  it  contains  ao,6i}  inhabitants, 
including  10,0X5  flavcs.  The  coupti^ 
has  ft#  hills,  is  generat'y  km  and  Cmdy, 
and  praduci*9  tobacco,  Indian  corni» 
fweet  potatoes,  &c. 

CMAiitBS City  Ca.  in  Virginia,  lie# 
bet«rfen  Chiekahominy  and  James  rU 
iters^  fttidntained  formerly  piii$  of  what 
no«v  forms  Piince  Oeor«K*s  eo.  -It  hak 
55St  iiihtibitaifts,  iiichtdfng3T4]rftavei. 

Charles^  a  eapef  r  i^krsiiWH  innbout 
N.  hit.  «■»  ;: 


eape«>:  i^krgiiWH  innbout 
T.  i,  on  The  M.  lide  of 


the  mouth  of  Cbcfapeak  bay,  having 
Cape  flenr)  oppoTite  to  it,  r 

Chaelvs,  a  cape  on  -the  9i*Vf,jMtt 
of  the  ftrait'  eHtennsinto  Hodfen  Bay. 
N.  lat.  6s.  <^,  W.  long.  75.  ii^.    ^^ 

CHARLtsTown,  a  poft  town  IitCf- 
cil  CO.  Maryland,  near  Ihe  head  of  Che- 
fapeak  bay:  6  miks  fi.  N.  E.  from 
the  mefifh  (rSiifqitehahnih  K.  j  io  W. 
s;  W.  from  Eikton«  iad_5l>  $.  W.  by 
W.  from  Pfitlaiirlpbia.  ltt)«Mre  about 
ao  hoafes,  chiefly  inh^ited' by  ffliar- 
men  empkyed  in  the  herrin,^  fHherv: 
N.  lat.  39.  34,   ^ 

Charlistoh,  adtfttiA  in  »be  Low. 
er  ceuittr4  of  S.  Cai  oKna,  fiiWhrided  in- 
to t4panflirs.  This  krfe  diftfi^,  of 
which  the  city  of  0Nii4eliMi  is  the  chief 
towiy,  Ues  between  $antie  and  Coinbi. 
heerlirers.  Itpay'sfth^K  S4lf*d,  ter. 
taxes.'  U  (ktm  th  w^4ato  le|iflatiire 
4l  t^aprsftnnHiveaand  13  ftiMttft,  and 
I  member  toC(mgnA>  Itcontains65^W 
inhabita|ili,llw%iH)[)only  1  i  3  i^ane  hvt. 

CHARI.UTO|t, 


.<  dfAAtSITOII.  tlwiMtl«Mll»Of  t< 

CiniiMi  U  the  ii»)  miMiHa/kmmin 
dM  tiiii  tftteMd  In  tlM4MrUk«f  tb* 
fimwMWjf'MdlmilM  tanfoeor  Mntf 
ibrtMdW  till  cMiMM  ht^amtiAM^ 
In  Md  GNMr»  which  «m  flio«t<rHi«iw^ 
h«|  brge  aiilrMvi|iMc.  Thift  nMth 
tmhi  imnMMvly  hclew  the  dtjr,  Md 
fiMrma  qpmfart  m  «onfsiiicnt  hivbMrj 
which  CMiMtMikMm  with  the  ocean  Jvll 
bttlow  tnHMnS  I. )  which  it  kafei  ofi 
thcN.  7  miice  &  E.  of  Chartrfton.  In 
theft  rnrcN  the  ride  ri(ee«  in  common, 
•bout  6|  i«et  {  btft  aniformly  rifts  i  o  oi- 
i»  liiMhce  more^uring  •  tiight  titit. 
The  hA  iacenaffl)  the cauft  unknown. 
ThecoMinual  agitation  which  thetidet 
ecteali^n  Ih  the  waten  which  almoft  i\ir- 
round  ClNnWelkon<-*the  Kfrdhmg  fta- 
breeiee  whleh  are  iwubvly  felt,  and  the 
fmoke  ariRltt  from  fo  manv  chimneyi, 
render  tbls'eivy  "mk  healthv  dum  any 
part  of  the  low  country  in  the  ibothdm 
ftaie*.  On  thla  account  it  it  the  reibrt 
of  great  numbers  of  gentlemen,  invalids 
from  the  W.  India  iflanda,  and  of  the 
rich  planners  from  the  countiy,  who 
come  nere  to  fbend  thefieklv  months,  as 
they  am  callea,  in  queft  of  health  and  of 
the  ftciid  enjoyments  which  the  city  mf- 
fords.  And  In  no  (lart  of  America  are 
the  fecial  IdcAnigs  enjoyed  more  ration- 
ally'and  liberally  than  here.  UnaflcA- 
ed  hflfpitality— 4ifhbility— eaft  of  roan> 
ners  and  addrefs— and  a  dirpofitlon  to 
make  their  guefts  welcome,  eafy  and 
pleiftdwtth  themfelves,  are  character- 
lAics  of  the  rcfptfUible  people  of 
Charlefton. .  In  fpMking  of  the  capital, 
it  ought  to  be  obrervcd,  for  the  honour 
of  the  pec^eof  Caiolina  in  gendral,, 
that  wlien  in  conmfon  with  the  otlMr' 
colonies^  in  the  eootvft  with  Britain, 
ithey  relblved  ag^inft  the  uft  of;  certidn 
luxuries,  and  even  nteeflaries  of  life  | 
thoft  articles,  which  improve  the  mind, 
enlarge  the  underftanduig,  and  comeA 
thetafte,  wM«  excepted}  the  importa- 
tion  of  books  was  perniltted  as  for- 
merly. 

The  land  on  which  the  town  is  built,; 
is  flat  and  low,  and  the  water  brack  ifli 
and  unwholefome.  Theftreetsarepretty' 
regularly  cut,  and  open  beautiful  prot-i 
peAs,  and  have  Inbtoiaaean  drains  to 
cany  off  fllthand  itc^  the  city  clean  and 
healthy  {  but  are  too  narrow  mr  (b  hirge 
a  place  and  fo  warm  a  climate.  Their 
fpacfal  breadth  is  from  35  to  6<  feet. 


a  nv  Domes  wnicn  nave  oacn  brut 
bttiin  Are brfek.wiffillkd'lterf.  W 
bttlMlngs  {tegeti^ii«<illiiiil|»iidiiai 
of  <hem  areneat,  airyaindwMIftitaiiftpr^ 
The  public  buiMMgi^  art,  an' e«idun|igei 
a  llate-houft',  in  armoury*  npoof-hdi^ 
and  an  orphafi*s'h(»uft.  Mire  arlft  fi(*^ 
ral  rdl»emble  aeademlM.  Part  of  ilNl 
oM  barracks  has  been  handfon^eiy  AttM 
up,  and 'converted  into  a  college,  aitf 
there  are  a  number  of  ftudenti  |  hut  fi 
can  only  be  calUd  as^  yet  a  ref|^dt% 
academy.  Hen  aretwobanks^^-abraiwh 
of  the  national  bank,  andthe  8.  CtaMM 
bank,  eftablilhed  in  179*.  The-llou|M 
for  public  w^rihip  are  two  EpifiNi^ 
churches,  two  for  Independents,  otiefiD# 
Scotch  Prelbyterians,  one  for  BaptlftIS 
one  for  German  Lntherans,  two  he 
MethodiA's,  one  ft>r  Freneh  ProteftalMli 
a  meeting-hotift  for  Quakers,  a  Rente 
Catholic  chapel^  anda  JttwilltiynafMntNk 

Little  attention  is  paid  to  tho  pMdii: 
markets  |  a  great  propsHion  of  the  nioft 
wealthy  Inhabitants  mving  pUntatiOM 
from  which  they  receive  iupplies  tf  il^ 
moft  every  article  of  livhig.  Thecdton^ 
try  abounds  witii  poiimy  mid  wild 
ducks.  Their  beet,  mutton  and  veid 
are  not  generally  of  the  beft  kind }  ^and 
few  fi(h  are  found  in  the  market.         ' 

In  t7t7,  it  wsn  coniputed  that  there 
were  i<6oo  houfts  in  this  city,  and  i  5,006 
inhabitants,  includiiw  5,4O0flaVes  (  and 
What  evkices  the  hcaltnlncftof  the  pla^k 
upwards  of  aoo  of  the  white  kihaU' 
tants  were  above  60  years  of  age.  In 
1791,  there  were  16,359  inhabitantt,  of 
whom  76S4  were  flavfs.  This  city  has 
often  luffered  much  by  flre,  the  MR  and 
moft  dedruAivtf  happened  at  late  as 
Jttntf,  1796. 

Charlefton  waii  inedrporated  in  17(5, 
and  divided  into  three  wards,  which 
chofe  as  many  wanienSf  from  among 
whom  the  citiiekts  ckA  an  intcndaat 
ofthecity*  The  intendant  and  war- 
dens form  the  ciiy-cuonc^,  who  have 
power  to  make  and  entbice  by«-la«v8 
for  the  regulation  of  the  city. 

The  value  of  exports  fmm  this  port, 
in  the  year  etiding  Nov.  1787,  amount- 
ed to  505,ft79i.  t9s.  $d.  fter.  'Thenum- 
ber  of  vefftls  cleittvi  (rom-the  cuAmi- 
houie  the  lame  yeST;^  was  947,  meaiui-ing 
6a,ii8  tons}  735  of  tbele.  mcatiuriBg 
41,531  tons,  wtt«  Americaai  tIteatilcM 
belonged  to  Great  Britain,  kdand, 
Spain,  France,  and  the  Unued  VMrnr- 

F  4  lands. 


««* 


^9. 


it»wimti 


1IU9.  lnMllaht.4ioaf«lininl4.1«tk 
M«H»i «  s».  Whitt  Point  tt  the  S.  tMl 
ff||»«|iMUl.Ut.s»44«  !••  W.toQg. 

«jfcM«vMi>«  tiM  ea^  «f  Ihvftkte  of 
iiinphi»Miwi»ch  BMutrto  thit  iban 
S/»>port  town  ia  thi  Atlutic 
/A  waflipB  roMl  of  mly  15 
»^w«nicdtt>.opcii  thf  eommuMi' 
«itiW;i  «d  tht  jfhn  w  3tboiik  to  bt  m. 

l^(fiiiMILKli.TOWM. ■  t#mi<hb  in  Mont* 
|ppnco«iN«i»>Yofk»  tntht  S.  fi«k 
fif  li0Mwkm<r»  ahovt  ttaUtci  W.  of 
Itliwpoftpdy.  Jl^  the  ftkte  cmiAm  of 
13>|ln  4l<oCthc  iohabiMnn  ■reeUAon. 

CHAItUtTOWlit  a  towK  ip  in  Ma- 
|bft«».  l^tud^,  fUMtadion  the  Ohio 
m.  the  mouth  of  Lamen't  creek.  It 
oaotaiaa  hut  bm  ho«Jc*»  and  it  6  miles 
M.of  WalhhMtpn,  and  60  N.  E.  of 
JMinilgton.  N.Jat.  St.  43. 
;.,ii:i|*lil.MTOWII> » townflup  in  Cher< 
ter  CO.  JPoiafyhrMiin. 

CwAKLtfTOWii,  apofttown  in  Ghe- 
Amiw  «o«r  Mlrr.Hainraiintt  on  the  B. 
fide  of  C«inc0iciit  k.  30  miieeS.  of 
PwtmoothiCoUegf )  upwards  of  70  N. 
of  Notthamjptoih  1 16  N,  of  W.  of  Bof- 
ien»  lao  W.  hyN»  of  Porftnouth*  and 
431  N.  N.  E.  of  Phtladetphia.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1753*  and  contains  90 
or  1 00  hevfesiaCongivgational  church, 
tkf  couft'houft  and  an  academy.  The 
read  from  Bofton  to  Quebec  jmUSa 
through  tliis  town.  N.  iat.  43. 10.  W. 
Jong.  7««  1 9*  A  fmall  internal  trade  ie 
carried  on  here. 

CHAR|.BSTOWNt  the  principal  town 
in  Middlefex  co.  MaflMtufetts,  called 
Mi^hmtmn  bj*  the  aboriginal  inhabitants, 
lies  N*  of  Bofton,  with  which  it  is  con- 
neftcd  by  CharleS'River  Bridge.  The 
Msvn»  pioperiy  ia  called,  is  hiilt  on  a 

ritnirtua,  fornied  by  Myftie  R.  on  the 
and  a  bay,  fetting  op  from  Charles- 
Rivar  on  (heW.  It  is  veryadvanta- 
geoufly  fituated  for  health,  navq^ition, 
trade,  and  iPtunifi^kures  of  uoioft  all 
fhe  vartcM  kinds.  A  dam  acrafs  the 
mouth  of  ihcbtiy^  which  fitts  upfixMn 
Charfes-Riiver,   would  affsid  a  great 


ftvf«ll'«)  MlUr  an  mMmM  kK  iha 
ktAoff!  of  tka  AMertBMii<  RMvlniiaiirf 
Xk»lMLMil  kM«pM ii»  taMrii  a 
flwAed  t»  tkt'  MtaMM  «l 
WxRnit '(.••■'  Ipe  'flMt 
k#  ftU,  ■oaMfAt.ftAJhariiMa 
laAaiaflcn»Bheii«»!nTkiJiMrdr  ' 

hiU  bifina  to  bo-  iWiMiiia^h 

fMikmfea.  All  theft  UNillM 
gantaad'^BUgtattul  ptoTMAfto^'BaAMi 
and  ita  ehnrminghr  vavtegnrad  harboiir» 
of  Cambridge  and  iiaaotlegee,  and  faa 
estenfive  traA  of  ^hlf  eukiiMtfd 
couainr.  it  eontaina^within  iht  neck 
or  panfi  about  ajo  koufiia*  mH  about 
sa^  iahabitaais.  Tka  oalgr  psiklia 
bttikiiofa  of  «onft<)aen«t  wt  a  kand* 
firnic  Congregational  churak,  wttk  aa 
elegant  Aeepk  and  cloek*  aaA  an  ahna* 
houle,  very  consmodious  and  plsafaaily 
fituatrd. 

Before  the  deftriiAion  of  tkia  town 
by  the  Brittdi  in  1775,  fewral  bnmahea 
of  maaufaAures  were  catried  on  to 
great  advaaiage,  fome  of  ii4^h  hare 
been  finec  reviredi  pattki^ly  the 
msMufaftuia  of  pot  and  :^^«rl  aflws, 
(ksp^kuildrng,  rum,  leather  in  aU  its 
biancbes*  fimv,  tin»  faraA,  and  pewter* 
ThnarOpe»walk»bavekittly  been  ereft- 
ed  ^fl  (his  town,  and  the  inereafe  of  ita 
bottles,  population,  trade^  and  naviga- 
tioa»  have  ocen  vary  great  withia  a  few 
years  paft.  This  town  is  a  port  of  en. 
try  in  conjunftion  with  BoAon.  At  the 
brad  of  the  neck  there  is  a  bridge  over 
Myilie  R.  which  conncAs  Charkftowa 
witkMaMea. 

CttARLE  STOWN,  a  village  in  Btrkley 
CO.  Vii^nia,  fituated  on  the  great  read 
leading  from  Philadelphia  to  Winehcf. 
ter{  Smilea  from  Shcpherdlowa,  and 
•o  from  wr  uwhefter* 

CiiAaLBSTOWff,atowBlblpinWaik* 
ington  CO*  Rkdde>Iiaad  Aatc,  kaviiw 
the  Atbuitic  eteaa  on  the  fouthwar^ 
and  %»raiNd  from  RifhaMod  on  thJt 
northward  by>  Charles-river^  a  wa«erof 
Pawcaiuek.  ^dme  rf  iif  Uonds  empty 
mm  Pawcatuck  R.  others  Ihio  the  ka. 
It  if  19  miles  I).  W.  of  Ntwport,  usd 
coataios  aoas  iahal»itapta,iiK:IttdiBg  >» 
flaves. 

A  few.  jreasi  im  thcaa  weia  about 

500  ladiana  in  tni  ftato)  the  greater 

part  of  them  refded  i»  this  towaiun. 

They  ace  peaaiditle  aid  watt  di^ailW 

■■■'■■■  to 


rcftht 


waitpmk  HkiU^Uk 

^Sami iVoiNif  iIm  makf  timn  In 
IW  itaii  of  )Ma,  OM  of  tilt  C«ri^ 
bcM,  tetongiM  ti»,6iwt.BrlMM.  Iiiii 
an  turn  Imm  mA  w«tt  fwraiOMd 
iMp^TMid  H  it  ^MmmM  byClMlM 
tm^  In  ttw  ipwMi«^8t.  )«bii^Qn«bt 
8.  fide  of  tht  tcMMH  iiHi  \wge  tifm  tf 
Mfkmt9v»  rnmud,  t  tbt  app«r  ind 
of  •  dew  cImmi  In  the  Mvtb,  cooMHonky 
called  Sulphur  Gut(  wkicb  U  fu  hot 
«i  to  be  felt  through  tbe  folc*  of  ont*« 
ilMct.  A  ftnalt  bot  rhrer,  ciOlcd  ihc 
Batky  U  tboiight  to  iNrocaedfiun  the 
faid  gut  I  and  after  runa*  z  balf  a  anile, 
leftfl  irfclf  in  the  fandi.  of  tbt  lea. 
Black-Rock  pond,  about  a  quaf  tcr  of  a 
mile  N.  from  the  town,  it  milk^wami, 
owing  to  the  mixttnv  of  hot  and  eoM 
faringty  yet  it  jriclda  excellent  fua  f  jnr- 
ttevlarly  fine  eela»  filvcr  iifttf  ami  flim* 
gutt.  A  prodtgkitM  piece  of  Ncvta 
meantain  tailing  down  in  an  earih- 
qiwkc*  fevcnl  ycare  ago*  left  a  large  va- 
cuity, which  ia  ftill  to  bt  ftcn^.  The 
altitude  of  thia  motintain,  taken  by  a 
^tadraot  firom  Cbaikftown  bay,  ia  faid 
to  be  a  mile  and  a  half  pcrpendicular<  { 
and  firona  the  faid  bay  to  the  top*  four 
milca.  The  declivity  from  tbi*  roouo- 
tain  to  the  town  i«  very  ftcep  halfway, 
but  afterwarda  eafy  of  afcent.  N;  bt^ 
i6.  55.  W.  long.  6».  4». 

CvARiBSTowN,  or  (^«/,  onc  of 
the  four.principal  towaa  in  the  ifland 
•f  Barhadoea. 

CRAi^tBTON  I/amlt  or  CharJa 
Umidt  ia  fituated  at  the  bottom  of 
James's  bay,  in  New  South.  Walea,  00 
the  «oaft  of  Labrydoty  and'  ytdtia  a 
beautiful  proTpcA^  in  fpring,  to  thofe 
who  are  near  it,  utar  a  yoy^kge  of  )  or 
4  montha  in  the  moft  uncomfbrtidile 
feaa  on  the  globe,  and  that  by  tbe  vaA 
mountains  of  ice  in  Hudfon  bay  and 
ftraits.  The  whale  i(land,  fpread  with 
trees  and  branches^  exhibits,  aa  it  were, 
a  beautiful  green  t«|ft.  The  fir,  even 
at  the  bottom  of  the  bay^  though  in  51 
degreef,  a  latitude  nearer  the  lun  than, 
{.ttidoay.  is  excefBvcly  coM  for  nine 
months,  aiid  very  hot  thf  other  three, 
except  on  th^  blowing cf  a  N^W.  wind. 
The  foil  on  the  E.  fide,  as  well  as  the 
W.  beai-a  all  kinds  of  grain ;  and  fome 
fruits,  goofeberries,  ftrawbcrries,  and 
dewberries,  grow  about  Rupert's  bay. 
M.  lat.  %\*  30.  W.  long.  ta. 


'CllAlkMTO«*»tl    ,  

cawNaar-Yark.  >y4in  iwa  iidln  if 
Iff*,  sStal  Ha  iJiihllaiiniaiBW  ilaal 
tank  •  y       .,-■  s^ 

(CHAMrcew*  atayMbip  faiM(«<» 
oaiff  ca.  l^foiaaburacta*  iiica»yawna< 
in  ay54(  mA,  iwttt  tiMib  fualid  ali» 
wiftcrlyaafiafOiifipd.  Itia<#iiill« 
6.W.afBaion»a9t.W.ol  ./aNal* 
tcr,  and  eantaiaa  19*1  lakahiMaili 
Quinebaufb  R.  fonaa  foaia  aC  itt  rMl 
intervale  landa*  aa4  (WnMiaa  < 
xa&,  liwta  far  tbia»  aai  OHMiy 
towns.  :,(■'•  ■■:   . 

CHiKHLOTTi  hru  in  *k  GMoHm  ii 
fitaaiad  on  thai  paiiN  af  tMlj  wfim 
Tugdoo  aad  BtfMdriitfatfiHiliaf  tMi 
waters,  form  SavaoalMk  A.  Aoaamriiag 
x»  Bartram,  it  iaanc  laija  balm*  Kat 
lanwa^  Dartmouth,  kk  kl»  f#»  Vh 
bant.  t%.  35. 

CHAtMiTTi  iSlfaM%.  liaa  at  ii» 
moutk  of  Charlotte  B«  in  B«  jRloaiilah» 
having  Carlaa  bay  ot4kc  %*,w»A  9M4 
Point  on  the  martlraranlk  li^httvJifSk 
W.  loogv  ta.  4».  Charlana  Ai^lBiai 
by  ifii^itu  Sanio  fiag«Mic  wkiak  ao»» 
rovnicatea,  by  DalavtHMn  R,  «itl|  Chaa* 
ham  or  Punjo  bay,  whick  ii  fe,pniial 
S.R.  fnan. CbarloiteiiaueiB^  -  •'  '.^^1 

CuAaLOTTE,  a  coafidorabk.  taw^a 
(hip  on  the  £.  fide  of  Lake  ChaanpWn^ 
and  the  S.  weftemmoft  in.  Chittandei 
eel.  Vermont.  Shelbume  en 'the  M.' 
iiefiarates  thia  town  from  Burlingtetts 
Itcontaina  635  inlnbitanta*  Split  lUcii^ 
in  Lake  Champliin,  lies  off  thia  toamirii' 

C1IAR.LOTTK  O.  in  Virginia,  lica  81, 
W.  ot"ki«;hmond,  on  the  head  wateraol 
Staunton  R«  and  contains  ic,o7Sinha» 
bitants,  iiic|uding  4ta<  flavea.  iThe 
court- houfk  ia  ai  miles  S.  S.  W.  af 
Prince  Edward  court*  ho;»ie,  .  and  iff 
about  the  fame  cowftt  f|^>u  Philaddw 
phia.  ' 

GkAiix.9TTgBf7RO,  atowR  in  Bnin£» 
wick  co'.  N.  Carolina*  ft  ttanda  on  aa 
ifland,  and  has  anifilet  and  fouad  ot 
the  faioie  name,  k  Little  S.  of  it.  tk 

Ch ARLQTTB*  or  Ckarhtttfiuitttt^^ 
po^-townin  Salifliury  diitriA,  N.  C»>" 
mlina,  and  dnet  iowo  of  Mecklenburg 
CO.  fituated  on  Steel  creek,  which  joina 
the  Sugaw,  and  falls  into  Catabaw  R. 
about  xb  miles  N»  of  the  S.  Carolina 
boundary,  and  44  S.  oi  ;8aiul3iuy. 
Here  are  about  40  houi'cs,  a  ooiut« 
houie  and  gaol. 

Charlottesville,  the  capital  of 

Albemaris 


CM  A 

tew.  Iii»¥h|(iiii«,  Nm  «a  tht 
HtjMMl  kmn  RklMiond  to  OawrUk, 
MLtmmln^  M  mlftn  W.N.W.  oftlM 
immr,  tmd  $$7  caAwanl  of  tikt  lamr» 
«rf»Mi  8*  B.  by  B.  sf  SmmMmi.  It 
■wniili  shout  4<  lMtti«w»  a  eovft- 
iMMlb  Mdl  A  fMli  fitMtiMl  aboiit  Mt'  • 
■ife  N*  finoni  •  vMttr  •!'  Bivasm  rhrtr. 
•  -€«Alii.OTTtfMiMi|  tiM  capital  of 
•IM  Mawt  af  It.  Jolm*a»  ki  the  gulf  of 
tkt-lMwnmt,    Alio,  tha  nanw  of  a 


eMA 


Alio, 
_^  J  «•  tkr  8.  W.  fidt  of  tiM  Ubbirf  of 
tNaiiwha»'k»tli»  W. ifadlaa  1  and  fitu* 
aivri  on  tht  8.  fide  of  a  dcrp  bay. 
•i  CjtA»tiTi%  ttumn  on  ih*  JB-  8mre 
«!•».  |alMi*a  R.  Baft  Plorida.  when  tliat 
«b«riaata«tMCa<iail»«nda.  Itwai 
gnMM'fy  JUii.'Belli^Efif.  and  isfito. 
'  md  '9mm%iMi^hMf,  aj  or  ao  icct  per. 

SMar4nMiil  tba  riVtri  and  ia  ir« 
h  half  a  'mile*  or  mora;  The  alio* 
W  of  Amarica  hail  a  vcrjr  gitat 
town  in  thia  plac«»  ai  aupcars  tram  tlK 
MMlt  tumuli  and  conical  mounu  of 
, Mfih aadftwlla*  and  other  traces  of  a 
AttkanAntwhScb  yet  remain.  The  river, 
^near  la  miles  ahove  Charlotta,  i» 
jiMtitd  into  many  channels  by  a  num> 
Inrnf  Mande. 

CHAariia^  a  fownfliip  in  Walbiag. 
•on  eo.  PMmfylvania. 
,  Cm AmTnti\  Creek.  8eeC««wyh<»y 
andJArfMM. 

Ciii.RTa  Ba,  a  fort  which  wan  built  by 
•he  Fnmch,  on  the  caftem  fulc  of  thic 
Mifltfippiti  milee  northertyof  La  Prmrie 
4A1  RtebtTt  or  the  Rock  Meadows,  and 
IS  miles  north«rly  of.St.  G«neviev«»  on 
the  weAem  fide  of  that  river.  It  was 
nbatadonod  in  1771,  beint  untenahle  by 
tlie«onftant  waihUigs  of  the  Miffifippiin 
ll%|h  ftoodft.  The  v  iliage  fouthwaid  o» 
tile  fort  was  very  iaconfidrrable  in  177I. 
A  mile  above  titis  is  a  village  iettled  bv 
S70  warrioi's  of  the  Piorias  and  Mitchi* 
gnmias  tribes  ot  Illinois  Indians,  wlu> 
we  idieand  debaoehed.     , 

Chatham,  ai  maritime  townfliip  in 
Bamftaple  co.  MaflJKhtUctts,  iituated 
•nilia  interior  extremity  of  the  elbow 
<if  Cape  Cod,  eonvenicmly  for  the  fiih- 
trpf  in  which  they  have  ul'ually  about 
40  vefil-ls  employnd.  It  has  1140  in- 
habkants,  and  mt^  miles  S.  E.  oifBol'. 
ton.    See  C0fie  Cid. 

Chatham,  m-  tow^p  in  Grafton 
eo.  Mcw-Hitrnpfiure.  It  was  incorpo* 
ntttl  in  1767,  and  in  1750  contained 
5  a  iiihabitanu. 


Chatham,  »ia«iliifaif  tm^ssMp  At 
Middlefea  co.  Cornieaicut,  on  tba  anft- 
•m  bank  of  GonnaaktiiX.  aMi  op^ 
fite  MMdlaton  city.  It  traa  a  pnrt  of 
liw  towttiiip  of  MUdtaiBH  till  iy«y. 

'Chatham,  a  iMvniiitt  In  BAm  co. 
N»  Jwrfey,  is  fitwM  on  Hffidc  R.  1% 
mHea  W.  of  BNanbailMHw*^  and  nearly 
me  mmv  irom  ivewmis* 

Chatham,  a  towHMp  of  Cohmhia 
CO.  New. York.  By  ihollait  asnfos  of 
1796,  jloof  its  iidiabitanta  ware  elec- 
tors. 

'  Chatham  Cb.  In  MilUboiougb  dill 
triA,  N»  Carolina,  about  the  center  of 
the  fate.  It  contains  9*11  inhabitants, 
of  whom  1 6  3  *  anr  Aaves .  Chief  town, 
Fitfiburg.  The  court-houfc  ii  a  Me 
milct  W.  of  Kaleigh,  on  a  branch  of 
Cape  Pear  River. 

Chatham,  a  town  of  S.  Carolina,  in 
Chenws  dUhriA,  fituated  h»  Chettcr- 
lield  ca.  on  the  W.  fide  of  Great  Pcdee 
K.  Its  iituation,  in  a  highly  eultivatrd 
aiKl  kich  emmtry,  and  at  the  head  i>f  % 
navigable  riv^,  bids  fair  to  render  it  a 

Elace  of  prcat  importance.  At  prcleni 
:  has  only  about  30  houfcs,  bteit 
built. 

Chatham  C:  In  the  lower  diftriA 
ol'Georgm,  lies  in  the  N.  E.  comer  of 
the  itate,  having  the  Atlantic  ocean  F^ 
and  Savannali  river  N.  E.  It  containa 
19,769  inhabitants,  including  tsei 
flaves.  The  chief  town  is  Savannah, 
the  farmer  capital  of  the  ftate.  * 

Chatham,  or  ?««/»  ^,  a  large 
bay  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  S.  end  ol'  the 
promontory  of  E.  Flw^ida.  It  rcceivi«i 
North  and  Delaware  rivers. 

Chatham  Hmfii  in  the  territory  of 
the  Hiidfon  bay  company,  N.  lat.  55; 
a 3.  40.  W.  long,  from  Greenwich  98. 

Chata-Hatchi,  or  Hatchit  is  tlio 
iargril  river  which  fsilt  into  St.  Rofe'a 
bay  in  W.  Florida. .  It  ik  alfo  called 
Pea  R.  and  runs  Irom  N.  R.  eaterinjj; 
the  bottm  of  the  bay  through  ftvend 
mmithsf  but  fo  ihoal  that  only  a  I'maii 
boat  or  canoe  can  pafs  them,  Mr. 
Hutchins  al'cended  this  rivrr  about  15 
leagues,  where  there  was  a  fnuU  fettle- 
ment  of  Couflhc  Indians.  The  foil  and 
timfatet'  on  the  banks  of  the  river  rc« 
Cemble  very  much  thofe  of  Bfeambia. 

CUATAVCHt,  or  Cbatahutke,  a  river 
in  Georgia.  The  northiem  part  of  Ap- 
p^tachicola  river  bears  thif  tume.  It  is 
about  30  Mda  wwlcr  very  lipid,  and  fuU 

of 


tmn 


Hgkt  Mllbdr.  «*^»y  •'•  Iflfjt 
nSi.    Thi  Ummt  tmkM  art  ItrttMiii 

Imtt'Milcsiam*  tnm  riw  lilgliMloiir«r 
tlic«faiytrelcmbl«d«iwt«fiMw-b«irMd 
brick  kilM.  1 IH  <liftMc«  from  dili 
river  to  tiM  Tateptft  R.  it  ihoyt  70 
milet,  W.thc  ««r.patb|  which  croflet 
Bt  th«  fillti  Jtift  ftbovc  th«  Biwa  of  the 
Tucknbatclir*. 

C  u  AT  *  V  o : .  QV I  £«i#»  in  Ontnrb  CO. 
Itfew.York*  is  rtout  il  milcf  long*  and 
S  broad.  Coiirwaiigo  K.  which  nint  n 
8.  8.  B.  coMfftt  conneftn  it  with  Alk- 
•lumf  R.  This  lake  it  conveni«ntly 
fituttcd  for  •  commnnirtKion  between 
lake  Erie  and  the  Ohia »  there  being 
W4ter  enough  for  boats  from  Fort 
Franklin  onihe  Alleghany  to  the  N.  W. 
comer  of  this  lake  4  fron  thence  there 
ie  a  ponagr  of  9  miles  to  ChMaughque 
iiarboar  on  lake  Eric,  over  greumi  capa- 
ble of  being  made  «  good  waggon  rood. 
This  communicatten  wu  once  uiiid  by 
Che  French. 

Chavdiirk  II.  a  8.  E.  water  of  the 
8t<  Lawrence,  rifing  in  Lincoln  and 
Hancock  counties,  in  the  diAriA  of 
Maine.  The  can7ing  place  from  boac- 
•blo  waters  in  tt|  to  boatable  waters  in 
the  Kemiebeck,  is  only  $  miles. 

Chatanta,  a  jurilitlftion  in  Peru, 
8.  America,  under  the  arciibiihop  ot 
JPlata,  50  leagues  from  the  city  oi  La 
Plata.    This  country  is  famou*  lor  iu 

Sold  and  filver  mines.  The  latur  are 
ill  worked  to  advantage. 
CUBAT  Jl.  rilM  in  Rsmdolph  co. 
Vifginis,  and  aftcilpurfuinga  N/N.W. 
courfe,  joins  MoitAngaheU  R.  3  or  4 
nilles  within  the  Penitfylvania  line.  It 
is  soo  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and 
too  yards  at  the  Dunkards  fettletiienr, 
50  miles  hif^er,  and  is  ^avfgable  for 
boats  except  in  dry  feafons.  Th«re  i« 
a  portage  of  37  mUet  from  this  R.  to 
the  Potowmack  at  the  mouth  of  Savage 
river. 

CmavcTO,  a  bay  and  luunboiir  on 
dM  8. 8-  E.  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  dif- 
ttaguidnd  by  the  Ms  of  a  French  fleet 
in  a  former  war  between  France  and 
Gi«tt*Brttain.  Near  the  head  ot  this 
hay,  on  tht  W.  fidf»  ftitHls  the  city  of 
Ballot  the  eapttat  df  4hc  province. 

Ckmaiocvo,  01^  MUfiMl  ^aittm,  a 
I^  Md  dce|^  bi^  on  vt  fa^emmoft 


mJCLmUmthk 

fidttimtthifl  bay  fkook  tho  W.  dni  it 

eriea  in  tht  wofld. 

C«toaiii«  AH,  a  ptiataf  liai  abrm 
«•  mUea  in  length,  MiilMS.fMlotikiit 
8ttpe»ttr.  Mtat  100  nriltt  W.  of  tbit 

WBHiW  g     ^o^^^MV  Wlw  ■^WM^vV  mRHHAMg^oiV  W  W8VV 

gin  copper  is  fiMiad. 

CNttfovTiMiia,  a  jMitan  or  etiht 
of  Indians,  who  iahabit  nea^  iht  8» 
bank  of  8aguenai  R.  in  Opper  Ca- 
nada,       y        ■  t 

CHltMiPORD,  a  townflitn  la  Mil* 
dlefex  CO.  MaOiicKuietta,  MtaMd  «t 
the  8.  iide  of  Mcrrim&dc  R.  ttf  mi^ 
N.  wefteriy  from  Boib  a,  aa4  ctotaitt 
1 1 44>  inhabitant.  T^  <■«  is  an  iagt* 
niouAy  conftru£led  bridge  over  the  R.  at 
Pawtucket  Fnlls,  which  tomaeflis  tbit 
town  with  Oraeut.  The  route  of  0i$ 
Mtddlefex  cannl,  defigned  lo  tonMk 
the  waters  of  Mcrrimiick  with  thoAr  of 
Bolton  harbour,  will  be  foutherly  lit  oT 
the  E.  part  of  Chelmsiord.  . 

Chilska,  called  by  the  aneient  naf 
tiv«fs  U^ixnifinut,  a  town  in  bofttlk  co, 
MaflStchuictts,  containing  4.7  k  inhablr 
tanrs.  Before  its  incorparatioii,  in 
17)1,  it  was  a  ward  uf  the  town  (^ 
Bollon.  It  is  fituafed  noirh  eafterly  # 
the  metropolu,  pnd  leparateU  fioin  it 
by  the  feriy  acrofs  the  haibour,  calloi 
Winniiimet. 

Chklsba,  a  townlhtp  in  Orange eo» 
Vermont,  having  939  intuiltitants. 

CHEi.SkA»  the  name  of  a  parilh  in 
the  city  of  Norwich  (Conn.)  called  the 
Landing,  fituated  at  the  head  of  the  riv«> 
er  Thant«?4i  14  miles  N.  of  Ntrw-Lon** 
don,  on  a  point  oi  land  tormed  by  tbf 
junAion  ot  Shetucket  ami  Norwich,  qr 
I«tttle  rivers,  wlMiie  united  waters  con- 
ftiiute  the  Thames.  It  n  a  hufy,  com^ 
mtrcial,  thriving,  romantic,  and  agreea- 
ble pbcetotabmit  isphoule^,  alcendir 
ing  one  above  anothef  in  tiers,  on  arti* 
licial  ^iind:ttioos,  on  the  iputb  point  ftf 
a  highi  fucjcy  ht|l> 

C'HIM vjic.  The  weftem  bi*anch  of 
Sulquehannah  K .  is  Ibnietimes  fo  called. 
See  Tuga  River. 

Chkmvnq,  is  a  townlhip  in  Tioga 
CO.  New-Yoik.  By  the  ftatc  cenfus  ii£ 
1 79<>,  8 1  of  its  inhalHtants  ware  electors. 
It  has    Newton  W.  and  Owego  ^. 


■^ 


m  turn 

iftju^iiwiftiring  in  ■  AraMit  Hn** ' 

iUdttniH  in  hit  viAoHbtM  Uf^kiMi 
i|i»tritthi  Inditm,  'mtff^r  \ari^»it(- 
pcrate  engagement  with-tkvShiNBtkMitj 
MMtalMildietiftd;  TWI*di«n«!^w«re 
fiMit^  iilf-onched,  and  it  r«^itif«d  rl)« 
•www  cxtrifiMM  &f  til*  Ametieftniiniif , 
«IUi  M<(  j^cccft«>  to  <Mil<Nlg«  them  i  »)• 
4biigh  th*  former,  tnclttding-MscT  toriet, 
MMunted  only  to  Soo  men,  while  the 
URMriMn*  iiMtK  5oee  in  mmibcr,  ind 
m>^  n^plMntcit  in  every  refpcA. 

^Mltliioo,  i«<a  <nerthem  bnindi  «f 

Sofiytelwnnah  R>   Many  of  the  military 

tt#n(liipi<  Krt  waters  by  the'  N.  W. 

inuKh  «f^i»  riv«r.'  The  to«ma  of  Fa^ 

ftiatSt  ^trkth  6i«ene,  Clin;  >»,  and  Che. 

4Kng0^i»' Tioga  co.  lie  iietween  this 

tnmr  and  the  E'  waters  of  Sufquchannab. 

*>  CHtNBNVO,  a  (wft  town,  and  one  of 

•tke  chief  in  Tio^  co.  New- York.  The 

ifmkd  part  of  tlte  town  lies  about  40 

4rillE«  N.E.  from  Tioga  point,  between 

diencttsoR.  and  Sufqiiehannah  j  has  the 

^tmn  Jt  jtrico  on  the  northwant.    By 

the  Ibte  c<m<u«  of  1796^  169  of  its  in- 

.iMbttaiita  arc  ek^ors.    It  was  taken  o(t 

kw»  Montgomery  co.   and  in   179,1, 

iilndonly45  inhabitants.    It  ia  375 

Mil<«  N.  N.  W.  of  Phila(!«lphia. 

'  Chenbssee,  or  Genegtt  R.  riles  in 

Fennlvlvania,  near  the  I'pot  which  is  the 

;Hgh«ft  ground  in  that  (Htte,  where  the 

'wwcmmoft  water  of  Ailcghany  river, 

.  and  Pine  creek,  a  water  of  Siilquehannah, 

;  «■!  Tioga  K.  rift.  Fifty  miles  tirom  its 

.  feu  ee  there  are  tails  of  40  feet,  and  5 

.'Irom  it4  month  of  75  fee     moA  a  little 

,  i^MMre  that  of  96  ftct.    T!   *  'ille  hir- 

..«iA  escellent  miit'-rents,  which  are  tm- 

j»i*v  ■  ?    hy  the  inhabitants.     Aft«r  a 

ifoteiiii  <,i  .  ?*  "It  100  miles,  raoftly  N.  E. 

"tjy  ;^.  <•-   f  :pt?e»  into  lake  Ontano^  4^ 

-;u.  .v<  .^>.  r>f  Ii-unde^iiat  or  Rttndagut 

!*(•.}•;  Xi\-*^  E.  from  Niagara  falls. 

■4'\\-  'rni.>i>t»tsonChenrfl«eR.  from 
^-'  TMUh  upwards,  are,  Hartiord,  On- 
j«ario,  Wadiworth  and  Williamftiurgh. 
T-he  laft mentioned  pl.<ce,  it  isprabahie, 
will  fi'on  be  the  feat  of  exf«niive  com- 
antroe.  There  wilt  not  he  a  carrying 
place  between  Ncw-Vork  city  and  Wih 
iijimtbtirgh,  when  the  wetttm«analsai|d 
locks  (haU  be  completed.  The  cariy- 
inir  places  at'  prd'ent  are  at  folkiws,  v«t. ' 
Albany  t»€ehencfkady  16  mitet,  from 
the  head  4f  l|MrM^^wk  to  Wood  ereek 


t»OHi>ig»I^Htya>fiaiciiriKeFdliy<lt  % 
dial  iditn  am  bm  iltwilw  iiiil  aw  mmi 
ncotAry,  in  owleMa  aowWy  wHmaai* 
tict  A<am  a  a«A  «f  «jMH(if  >aqpiye  tif 
mahitaining  fevcralmiUtom  vt  pcdplail  \ 
The  Anqmit  CheMaAe  Jatt  liroiTthi 
bofdert  of  this  ri««r.  They  art  about 
a«milet  1ong»  abd  lAieot  4"iiridef  tha 
foil  it  itmai-kablyriish^  nfiiMM  'clear  of 
trees,  producing  graft  MMr  #0  (act  hi|^i 
Thelk  flatt  arc  «ftimated  to  he  worth 
^.too,ooo,  at  they  now  lie,  Thcyar^ 
moftly  the  property  of  the  Indian*. 

CfiBr  AWA8,  or  Glt^evmys-,  arilndiin 
nation  inhabiting  the  coaft  of  lake  Supew 
rior  and  the  iibttdt  in  the  hike»  They 
could,  acconling  to  Mr.  Hutchihat  fur* 
nifh  1000  warrioi-»  to  years  ago.'  Otheit 
triivs  of  this  nation  inhabit  the  coiai* 
^rv  round  Sagninam  or  Sagana  bay  and 
lake  Huron,  bay  Puan,  and  a  part  oS 
lake  Mirhi^n.  Tliey  were  lately  hof* 
tile  to  the>unitcd  Statet^  but,  by  the 
treaty  of  OrecnviUr,  Au^uft  3,  1995^ 
tlwy  yielded  to  riiem  the  ifland  de  Boit 
$hmc.     hw  Six  Natiuu.  /'| 

CiiEPAWYAN  Fort,  18  fituatcdonfa 
peoinlhia  at  the  S.  ^vefterlf  end  of  Atha- 
peicow  lake,  N.  lat.  58.  45.  W.  longi 
no.  18.  {  in  tht  territon' of  the  Huik 
fon  hay  compaay^  ?/. 

CHKPELt.o«  an<l4and  hi  thehaytaf 
Panama,  S.  America,  and  .in  the  pr6i> 
▼ince  oi°  Daricd^  3  miles  Irem  the  town 
of  Panama^  and  fuppliet  it  with  j^ovb- 
(ions  and  fraitt.  N.  lat.  1. 46.  £.  long, 
lo.  45. 

Cmbfoor,  a  fnwil  %>amAi  totrn  of 
the  itthmua  of  Sarien  and  Terra  Fimu^ 
in  S.  America,  limted  on  a  river  of  the 
fame  name,  6  leagues  from  the  fea.  LX, 
10.  4t.  long.  77«  50. 

CHtQVBTAtt,  or  SeputUuintt  on  the 
coaft  of  Mexico,  or  Nvw.Spain*  lies  7 
miles  weftward  of  the  rockt  of  Segoa- 
taneio.  Between  this  and  Acajiulco,  to 
the  eaftward,  it  a  beach  of  land  of  st 
leagnet  extent,  tgainli  which  the  fea 
breaks  fotriolently,  that  it  it  impOlFblb 
for  boats  to  land  on  any  part  of  it;  bttt 
there  it  a  good  ancheiage  ^^ipping 
at  a  mile  or  two  from  the  Ihore,  dtictdg 
the  £tir  ivafon.  Tha  harbour  of  Clieo|9a- 
ran  it  -very  hard  to  he  traced,  aM  of 
great  importattCeaoRichveficlsatcratie 
in  thefe  leat*  btBi^tbe  inbft  fecure  hM^- 
bonr  tobemcCDtith  in  s  vaftaxtrhtif 
coad,  yjeldiiig  plenty  of  wtMdtnd  wa- 
ter; awd  tkti^ ground  «car  *t  i«<Abk  Jb 

be 


iBMnMnt 


%i  JiflnW 


.("• 


GHB 


^ 


Loni  AnOw  tmielM*  Irtit^  tW  r^M* 


CMi|U4»iWtr 


In  iht 

.iCmAMM»r«^4iftiia  ii  Ikit  vfftg 
Qgamtf  acik  OmMimi  JHwing  K.  Cvo- 
Una  aatltt  H.  aoANkJ^.  rrl3cerge»o«rn 
Uiftria  on  Mm  S.  B«  mMI  LjrMlMi'i  creek 
oa  tiw  S.  W*  w4Ucb  ItpaMte*  it  from 
Caiwlm4Ubia. .  Its  length- U  about  J) 
milct  aad  ka  bnadtii  (fi  ind  Mfahdi. 
vkled  into  the  tountica  of  Oarlingtoa» 
Chefterfidd  and  MaittHMrtough.  I^the 
cenfiiaof  (79i>  there  ware  t*,7o(  m» 
hal^niat  of  wiiid}  761!  ware  white  in- 
habitanta»  tha  reft  ^vaa.  It  fends  10 
the  date  legi(lat^u«6xepnfentatives  and 
a  fa|Hitora{  and  in  conjuoAion  with 
Gcoi^gftown  diftria,  Mna  nscmber  to 
CoogiMi.  .  .This  dtikrift  is  watered  by 
GraaK  ihfdee  R.  aad  ftoumber  of  finaller 
ftnamStWi  the  banka.of  which  the  land 
is  thickly  lettled  and  well  cultivated.- 
The  chief  towns  are  Greenville  and 
Chatham.  The  otart-houfe  in  this  dii- 
trift  is  51  ntiles  from  Camden,  as  iar 
from  *£umbston»  and  90  from  George- 
town.   The  mail  Oops  at  ibis  pUce. 

CMEMvyB,  Witt  incottfiderabU  village 
on  Tefra  Finna»  from  which  the  mar- 
ket of  Panama  is  furnilheM  with  provi- 
fiottx  wackly. 

CHSROK«Bf  the  ancient  name  of 
Tennr'Sie  R.  The  name  of  TcnnelTee 
was  formerly  confined  to  the  ibuthcrn 
branch  wMrh  empties  15  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  Clinch  R«  and  18  below 
Kiioxville. 

CHEROKBts,  a  celebrated  Indian  na- 
tion, now  on  the  decline.  They  refide 
in  the  northern  parts  of  Georgia,  and 
the  fouthem  parts  of  the  ftatc  of  Ten- 
i..4ee ;  having  the  Apalachian  or  Che- 
rokee mountains  on  the  E.  whcli fepa- 
rate  them  from  N.  and  S.  Carolina,  ami 
Tenneflee  K.  on  the  N.  and  W.  ami  the 
Creek  Indians  on  the  S.  The  country 
of  the  Cherokees,  extending  wellward 
to  the  Mitlilippi  and  northward  to  the 
Six  Nations,  wa»  lurrendered,  by  treaty 
tt  W'ellminfter,  ivag,  to  the  crown  of 
Great- Britain.  The  prcfent  line  between 
them  and  the  ftate  of  Tenneflee  is  not 
yet  ftttled.  A  line  of  experiment  was 
drawn  in  iy9a,  fram  Clinch  K.  acrels 
ta ,  Ci&iUwva  i^vwAtaiai 


int, 
11* 


bsMnler 
InilWwa 


il  it '«nlW  ttriana  •f  tipiriiiiwit 
tbB»  ;^ ,  thMie  itMiwwiig 

Itilfcr-lhi     minT  at  dMiA 

nwghteon  }>  b;^  ganmtlyi4  ImI  Ugh* 
mhmmnmont  im  JlmM  fa^  iMrir 
werosB  §X9  lidl»  flandv,  aiid>,daliBnMia^ 
Tltt  taknta  and  morals  of  tlw  Caii«|w 
kica  am  held  in  |[irMt«ftaem^  fllMf^ 
>rei«  formerly  a  powerful  MtkMf  •hiia 
by  contimwl  wara  in  '^hsch'  it  hubsea 
'their  dcttiny  to  be  engagtsiU  with  dm 
em  Indian  tribes,  and  pitb  tte 


-.1 


northern 

whiict,  they  am  now  reduced  ta  aboat 

1 1500  wartiiors ;  and  they  are  becomia|f 

wKtkand  pttfiUantmoui.    Sonmtmiaav» 

^eftimate  their  numbers  at  asoA  dmrciBfaw^ 

JThey  haw* 41  ttif*w  rmf  inhaWnd- 

Chbrry  yaUey»  a  poft  town  ift  Oc^ 
fcgo  CO.  New-York,  at  the  head  «C  tbf 
creek  of  the  lame  name,  about  sa  Ciila» 
N.  E.  of  Cooperftown,  and  il4autharJ^ 
of  Conajohary,  61  W.  gf  Albany  «Ad 
3  36  from  Philadelphia.  It  <em»muim 
about  %tt  houfes,  and  a  Prelhyieriaik 
church.  There  is  an  academy .  herci 
which  contained  in  1796,  5onr6aicbo> 
Inrs.  It  is  a  fpacious  buildmg,  60  (iM  bf 
40.  The  townOiip  is  Vjenr  liree,  «n« 
lies  along  the  £•  fide  of  Otlegn  She  ani| 
ita  outlet  to  Adigoatangie  cntak.  B/ 
tlw  ftate  ccnfus  of^if96,  if  appears  that 
6a9  of  its  i(^abitams  are  et^^^ors.  Tk» 
fettlemeiit  fuifered  icverely  from  the  ia« 
dians  in  the  late  war. 

Chesafkak,  isoneof  thelaigcftaad 
fafett  bays  in  the  United  States.  It» 
entrance  is  nearly  E.N.E.  and  S»S.  W, 
between  Cape  Charles,  lat,  }y.  it.  and 
Cape  ilemy,  lat.  37.  ir.  Virginia,  i» 
miles  wide,  and  it  exteTids  S70  miica  tOr 
the  northward,  dividing  Virginia  an^ 
Maryland.  It  is  from  7  to  it  milea^ 
broad,  and  generally  as  much  as  9  fis^ 
ihoms  deep  {  affording  many  commod^ 
ous  harbours,  and  a  late  and  eafy  aavi* 
gation.  It  has  many  fertile  iflands,  and 
thefe  are  generally  along  the  E.  fvift  o^ 
the  bay,  except  a  tew  Iblitary  ones  neair 
the  wefteni  fliore.  A  nurnber  of  navt« 
^able  rivers  and  other  ftrcpms  cmptjfi 
mto  it,  the  chief  of  which  are  Suli|«e- 
hannab,  Patapfco,  Patuxent,  Potewti^ 
mack,  Rappahannock,  and  Voi'k«  whici| 
aie  all  large  and  navigable.  Cheiapeak 
bay  aAbrds  many  excel  knt  fiflieriea  o| 
but  [ hcM!im  and  fliad.    There  arc  a'fo  exc^. 

lent 


MK  Wftiw  ■■  vynnVk'  -vc  w -ciiBWBivflr 
alMw> «  %«iM  of  «(»#  dwl^  xaliid 
ftttiH  ui^'^Miy  rafte,  and  i««(faviMA^ 
Itif%iiimwitM  {wint  of  «iew»4lM.  b^ 

MW'  mr  InMNMV.  «nVMHI||ll  WttmWmtgH,* 

Cir  tKif  l^te  it  4m»  bM*  «blen(id»  will 
wmv'iitfMC  cngniMiuiH  nuwcviw*  cbw 
**  ««W)^|teiit)nr  na««  ri««r  Mkwcboc.** 
'  CMSBtKiiAWii  l0im»  •bout  tior 
Miin  N.  B*  by  E.  of  the  OMM4iM 
kit^f  m  die  E.  eod  «f  Slant  bfce,  in 
Ht*  HufUbn  bay  company**  urritoiy  i  is 
ibobc  35  mlkt  in  length  and  the  ftmc 
In  braRMk^  Its  wdftern  IhoK  it  nrnttw 
imiDiii  mn  iuckj* 

Ginitfliiil  Cb.  in  New.Ifam|iftiie» 
Kei  in  the  S.  W.  prtof  the  ftato,  on  the 
B.  bliik  of  Connc£licut  river.  It  hat 
the  ftatc of  MtiflT^chuietteoR  the fouth, 
Grafton  co.  a»  the  N.  and  HilHboroiigh 
c».  E.  it  haa  94  towtifttipt,  of  which 
Chariellown  and  Keene  are  the  chief, 
ind  stitT*  inhabitantsi  including  16 
iivet. 


a  li  s 

S|«iaj|Mdk«cJtH.flomMM  Mff  hatiSn^ 
■rifef  I  if  ilnhrtJUHHi.. 

Ciit»T»,  a  large*  nlciitet,.aiMlil^ 
gHw-^iw miliar ^jii  HxHiBinghiiii  «e. 
Npw^HaaiipfliMV.:  <>J|  Jt>it*tiMlct  ia 
lcHgth<i  ttbt  an  tlH»W.;fidc  it  a  pietty 
ki^laJw,  which  ftnda  ita  watera  in 
MmjrwA  X.  ?,JfewiaiinaBi»watadiB 
tt»a^  wtd:-tiiwUiiiji,Mifii>  JMabitanta, 
«rh»  aw  tbMiiir  fariiiwiii.t  It  itiicnaiad 
mikt  E.4hhraf  IfpnriMlwli/m.  j^milea 
N.W.  of  llMfkiUi  mlb#  W.  of  Bjw. 
tcr,  1^5  W.  b|r  S.  ajhttSamt^  6 
northerly  of  lootodciry,  and  30ft  fiwa 
PhtlnderHOa.  Wnm  the  compiii|iprt 
of  diia  town  thoreiaa  gentle  ddSMOt  to 
the  jbi»  which*  iaa  chSr  day,  mayr  be 
Icen  fimn  thaKe.  It  ia  «  pot  tows, 
and  eontains  about  60  hewia  and  • 
Congivgatloiial  i^raith. 

Rattleiiiake  hiU,  in  this  towiAip,  is 
a  great  airifi^  t  it  is  Imlf  a  mUe  in 
dismcttr,  of  a  circiUar  forln*  and  400 
ffct  high.  On  the  8.  fide*  Uf  ywds 
finom  it*  bafe»  is  the  entrance  or  a  cave, 
called  .the  Devil's  On,  wdiich  is  a  room 
t  $  or  ao  feet  ibaare,  and  4  feet  high* 
floored  and  circled  fay  a  tegular  rock* 
CHtSHiKt*  a  townfliip  in  Berkshire  |  ftwn  the  tipper  part  of  which  are  de- 
CO.  Maffiichuret(« }  famous  for  its  good  |  peivlent  numy  excrsfceaces*  nearly  in 

the  form  end  nee  of  a  pear*  which*  when 


#«tfe|    140  mites  N.  wclterly  from 

^  CHtiiiiR  Ei  a  fownfliip  in  New.Havoi 
CO*  Okmefticur,  15  miles  N.  of  New. 
Mnren  city*  and  sS  S.  W.  of  Hartfoid. 
It'Yontatm  an  Epifcopal  church  and 
academy*  and  thi'ee  Coogregatioiial 
ciivi'^Tlefl. 

Chesnvt  HiUt  n  townfhipin  North* 
ampton  Co.  Pennlylvania. 

CHESNtfT  Creek,  a  branch  of  the 
G^eat  JEmhnway,  in  Virginia,  where  it 
irolEn  the  Carolina  line.  Here*  it  is 
iiid,  are  imn  mines. 
*  GHUNtTT  RiJge.  Part  of  the  Alle- 
|rii»iiy  mountains,  in  Penitfylvania,  are 
fHoB  crated*  8.  caftward>  of  Greenflw- 
WWgh.' 

;  ClttSTKli,  a  townfhip  in  Lunenburg 
io.  Hova  Scotia,  on  Mahone  1>ay,  fst- 
IM  ortginally  by  a  few  fiimiiiel  from 
mw-Bngland.  From  hence  to  Wimi. 
frr  IS  a  road,  the  diftance  of  t$  miles. 

CHiliriiti  a  fmall  plantation  in  Lin. 
Cd^n  CO.  Miine,  9  miles  from  Titcomb. 
ft  has  •  or  9  families . 

CVtWER,  a  townftip  in  Hampfhire 
(o.  Maffiichufetts,  adjoining  WeMeld 
oa  the  B.^and  about  so  roties  N.  JM^.  of 


approached  hv  «  torch*  tlvow  out  9 
fparklirig  luMre  of  ainioft  orcry  hue. 
It  is  n  c<^»  ifoear^  pbce*  of.  which 
many  frightfol  (lories  are  told  by  thelie 
who  detight  in  the  marvellous. 

Chester,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor 
CO.  Vermont,  W.  of  Springfiek},  and  if 
miles  yy,  by  S.  ot  Charleflowa*  in  Niwti^ 
Hampfltire,  and  contains  981  inhabi- 
tants. 

Chester,  a  borough  and  poft  town 
in  Pennfylvania,  and  the  capital  of  Del. 
aware  co.  pleafantly  fituated  on  the 
W.  fide  of  Delaware  R.  near  Marcus 
Hook,  and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Wilming- 
ton. It  contains  about  60  houfes,  built' 
on  a  regular  plan,  a  court.houfe  and  a 
gaol.  From  Chefter  to  Philadelphia  \\ 
so  miles  by  vrater,  and  15  N.E.  by 
land)  here  the  river  is  narrowed  by 
iflands  of  marfli,  which  are  generally 
banked,  and  turned  into  rich  and  iiii«- 
meniirly  valuable  meadows.  The  firft 
colonial  aflembly  was  convened  here* 
the  4th  of  December,  168s.  The 
place  aflbids  genteel  ttins  and  good  en*, 
tertainment,  and  is  »he  reibrt  df  muelT 
company  frfim  the  metropolis^  during- 

the 


M  pr«6nre^the  pnee  afid  onier  of  the 
plaee*  ■    "    •    ■  -  ^  '■   '  * 

€»i«rBR  Of*  Uk  Fenriiiyiinmia»  W< 
«r  Dd^lMMM  «0.  aiMl  S*  W.  of 'PhittRiil- 
phiiii  Mfoit  4fmik$  to  lengHir  and  30 
in  UvacHhi  It  ^^ttiitaim  p  tovnifkrp** 
of  whkll  Weft.Ghefter  ittlMtlhirtf  town^ 
and  17)937  inkabitnitn  of  whom  ifj 
are  ihvea.  Iron  one  ii  fbunrf  in  the 
nerfbero  parts,  which  employ*  6  fwrgest 
Tlk;f«4iiamif»6lurem1>out  1000  tone  of 
War  ivoiiiammally.  ';  '  ' 

^  Chistbr  ClMitrf-AlMr/^iltt  S.  CaroK- 
i^«i  %%  mile*  S.  of  Pinckneycourt'houfe, 
and  58  N«W.of  Colnmbia.  A  pott- 
ofliee  j«  kept  here. 

<  CwxriiR  X.  ft  navigaHle  witter  of 
the  eaflcm.  (hore  of  Maryland,  which 
Hfes  two  tniies  within  the  line  of  Dela- 
ware  ftate,  by  two  fiturceii,  Cypms  and 
Andover  creeks,  which  unite  at  ft^ige- 
townj  nms  nearly  S.  weftwani;  after 
pafling  Chefter  it  nins  S.  n«irly  3 
n;Ues,  wlun  it  receivea  S.  E.  crrek, 
and  15  miles  farther,  in  a  S.  W. 
dtreftton,  it  empties  into  Chefapeak 
bjiy,  at  Love  point.  It  forms  an 
iAand  at  its  mouth,  and  by  a  channel 
on  the  E.  itde  of  Kent  I.  communi* 
cates  with  Eaftern  bay.      It  i«  pro. 

Kled  to  cut  a  canal,  about  it  miles 
ig,  from  Andover  creek,  a  mile  and 
an  naif  fiom  Bridgetown,  to  Salifbuiy, 
on  Upper  Duck  creek,  which  falls  into 
Delaware  at  Hook  ifland. 

CHESTEft,  a  imtM  town  in  Shannan- 
doah  CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  point 
of  land  fornufd  by  the  j\in£)ion  of  Al- 
len's or  North  R.  and  &outh  K.  whjch 
form  the  Shannandoah)  s6  milts  S.  hy 
W.  of  Winchefter.  N.  lat.  39.  s.  W. 
lonp.  78.  a», 

•  Chester  Co.  in  Pinckncy  didriA, 
6.  Carolina,  lies  in  the  S.  £.  corner  of 
the  di(fri£f,  on  Wateree  K.  and  contains 
6866  inhabitants,}  of  whom  5866  are 
Whites,  and  938  (laves.  It  fends  two 
reprefentatives,  but  no  f^nator,  to  the 
ftate  legiflature. 

Chester,  a  town  in  Cumberlrnd 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  8.  W.  bank 
of  James  R.  1  $  miles  N.  of  Blandfbrd, 
and  6  S.  of  Richmond. 

CHrsTERPiniD.    a   townfliip    in 
Hamplhire  co.  MaiTachuftrtts,  14  niilM 


W.  fl#liHUMun|ttaiii  >MiHitel  It*' 

fUf»  co.<  HkmimtMftk}tt.mm  i, 

bank  of  GMMMEAiiat  't^imAut^^if^i . 
motdimd  Hi  vtA  NInrdalo'm  ll  %iift 
\  incwforated  WtT5s»i«d«bilt^lM«^^^ 
inhabitanta*  It1iMftbeut»9«ri^lwb«f 
W.  of  €hai4dlown|  Md  ibottt  90^0^ 
leo  W.  (If  Vortftnoulh.  Abeiie  the 
yetfr  i73o,thc|M*lftpi<of  jBrrDiMnmer 
wa«  tlMMjcd  with  ntqucnt  «akpldfiaa« 
and  with  itdumnt  of  4re  «mI  ihMie* 
emitted  from  Wcfl  rive»  wiinntihif^  ha 
thiatownih^,  anil  4  mitct  dMant  frcNit 
thaf  fort.  The  Vkit  appeanawea^hanv 
been  oMerved  «t  tarioas  timet  fiwtef 
particiihu^y  one  bi  rf$tt  wae  themioft 
levcre  of  any.  Thore  are  two  otoce^ 
where  the  ixicka  bmr  mai;lM  bf  Invhig 
been  heated  and  calehicd. 

CHEtTBRPiELD  C«.  in  8.  Caroling 
is  in  Cheraws  diftriA,  on  the  N^  Catw^ 
lina  line.  It  is  about  30  miles  kog* 
and  19  broad. 

Chesterfield  Ce.  in  Viri^nift^  It 
between  James  and  AppunatorHverai 
It  it  about  30  miles  loiw,  and  %%  broad  % 
and  contains  i4,si4  tnh^itaiBtt,'  In- 
cluding 7487  (laves.  - 

CtiEWBRP4EL0  btlrtt  on  the  W.  (kfo 
of  Hudfon  bay,  in  New  South  Wil«f 
upwards  of  «oo  miles  in  length,  ittf 
from  I  o  to  30  in  breadth— full  of  iuiid^ 

Che  stertown,  a  poft  tewn  andikfe 
capital  of  Kent  CO.  Maryland,  oittheW^ 
fide  of  Chtfter  R.  16  mikt  8.  W.  of 
Georgetown,  38  E.  by  8.  from  Balti« 
mortr,  and  81  S.  W.  of  Philaddphte. 
It  contains  about  140  houfes,  ackurch^ 
college,  court- houfe,  ami  gaol.  Thti 
college  was  incopporeted  in  >7<^,  hf 
the  name  of  Wqfi^ngtcn,  It  it  umfer 
the  dire^ion  of  «4  trvfteet,  who  arv 
cMjSiewered  to  fupply  vacnncict  and 
bold  eifates,  whole  yearly  value  flial| 
not  exceed  ^.6000  currency.'  ItJ  1787, 
it  had  a  permanent  fund  of  ^.iiso  % 
year  fettled  upon  it  by  law.  N.  hit. 
39.  x%.  W.  long.  75.  57.  ■> 

ChetimaCHas.  The  Chethnaehit 
fork  is  an  outlet  of  Mifliiippi  R.  ill  Loti- 
ifiana,  about  30  leagues  above  NeWifc 
Orleans,  and  after  running  in  a  ^ther*' 
ly  dire£^ion  about  8  leagues  from  th*4 
river,  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of 
which  runs  S.  wefferly,  and  the  otii<^ 
8.  e.i(lerly,  to  th:  diftance  of  7  kagu^' 
when  they  both  empty  their  waters  into 

ihe 


91  CHI 

jtuHfUHmniftf'  QlitiMClMitfiiehM, 
€  litfH  mm  titt  MiMppi,  there  i»  • 
:  of  I«lttMi»  of  tbe-^unc  nante } 


I 


«ad  thm  fiir.it  b.«niAinnl)r  too  yaidii 
htmii  Mid  from  s  104  fiubcMit  <kep, 
vhM  the  tiMtcr  is  bvieli  Stmcdtifteit 
Ipfi  lUMW  ^Mtncd  a  llioal  u  it»  moutb 
«a  tiip  Mji«fi|>|n{  bitt  at  the  water  it 
4«ep  under  them,  thev  couU  be  eality 
MBmud}  andthe  Iiid«UM  fiijr  there  is 
■odiiag  toimpcdt  mvigatiQn'from  their 
vilMfi  to  the  gulf.  The  bmks  aiv 
tkomcIeyalKd  than  thofe  of  the  Miffi. 
f|pil,4H»;lit  feaMvlacet  are  fo  high  a» 
mmr  to  fee  Oferiowtd.  The  natural 
woduAioat  are  the  fame  at  on  the  hif  iffi. 
np|rf»  but  the  Ibilf  <rom  the  extrabrdi'. 
mir  fiv9  and  con^aAueA  of  the  canet, 
Ip  unperiot.  If  mcaTaret  were  adopted 
and  pnrfiied  with  a  view  to  improve 
l£is  communication,  there  would  ibon 
be,  on  it»  banks,  the  raoft  profperous 
and  important  fettlementt  in  that  co- 
lnnv> 

'  CaiTiMACHAS,  GAaNdLake  or, 
in  Louifiana,  near  the  mouth  of  the  M  UH- 
fippit  ia  a4  miltt  long,  and  9  broad. 
I4#a  dc  Portage,  which  is  13  miles 
]oipjg,,and  i|  broad,  communicates  with 
this  lake  at  the  northern  end,  bv  a  ftrait 
•iquaiter  of  a  mile  wide.  Tnecoun. 
tty  bntdcring  on  tlwie.  lakes,  is  low  and 
mtt  timbcrtd  with  cyprefs,  live  and 
Oihar  Hinds  of  oak  1  and  on  the  ea(^m 
fide,  the  laud  between  it  and  the  Cha. 
$^ya  R.  ia  divided  by  innumerable 
ireams,  whiah  occaiion  as  many  iilands. 
8om«  of  thefe  Arwams  are  navigable.  A 
V^ih.  dUflanct  from  the  S.  eaitti-n  flioi-e 
of  tha  lake  Chetimachas,  is  an  iAand 
wh«n:«  peribns  pafling  that  way  gene- 
fatly  halt  as  a  refting  place.  Nearly 
•ppMte  this  iflvnd,  tlKre  is  an  opening 
Wlich  leads  to  (he  fea.  It  is  »bout  1 50 
yaids  wide,  and  has  16  or  17  tathom 
Vnttr. 

CmTTlJiRaM,  atownlhipin  Mont- 
fomery  co.  Pcnnlylvania. 

CHlAMjtTLAN,  a  maritime  province 
of  Mexico,  in  N.  America,  with  a  town 
of  the  ^Mne  name,  laid  to  be  37  leagues 
titWr  way,  fiom  N.  to  S.  01*  from  £.  to 
W.  It  is  very  fertile,  contains  mines 
of  filver,  and  produces  a  great  deal  of 
kfoney  and  wax.  The  native  Indians 
fU^  woll  made  and  warlike.  The  river 
St.  Jago  empties  into  the  Tea  here,  N. 
W.  liom  the  point  of  St.  Bias.  Tlie 
chkf  torn  if  St.  Sabaftian*  . 


XWjHf*' 


CHI 

€«IAPA»  arrivar andiahai pratiact 
of=  Mexico  or  Ntw.  Spain,  la  the  iadi- 
enoe  of  Mexico.  Thn  province  ia  bound* 
«d  by  Tubafco  on  the  N^ )  by  Yocataa 
N.E.t  by  Soeunufco  S»  B.{  and  by 
Vera  Pas  on'  the  E.  It  is  85  leaguaa 
fi^  E.  to  W.  and  about  30  where  iiar. 
roweft,  but  fome  parts  ar«  near  too.  It 
abounds  with  grnc  woods  of  pine,  cyt 
prelii,  cedar,  (xuc,  wabiof,  waod« vines* 
aromatic  gums,  balfiuns,  li^ttid  amber, 
Ucamahaca,  copal,  and  others,  that 
yield  pure  and  Sovereign  balftms }  al^ 
with  com,  cocoa,  cotton  and  wUd  e»* 
chiacal;  pears,  a{»pies,  miinces,  Ac. 
Here  they  have  achiotte,  vmich  the  mu 
thres  mix  with  their  chocolate  to  give 
it  a  bright  colour.  Chiapa  abounds  with 
cattle  of  all  forts »  it  is  fanums  for  a 
fine  breed  of  horfes,  (b  valuable,  that 
they  lend  their  colts  to  Mexico,  though 
500  miles  olf.  Beafts  of  prey  are  hut 
in  abundance,  with  foxes,  rabbits,  and 
wild  hogs.  In  this  province  there  is 
variety  of  fnakes,  particularly  in  the  hilly 
pait9|  fome  of  which  are  faid  to  be  ao 
teet  long,  otiiers  of  a  curious  red  colour, 
ami  ftreaked  with  white  and  bbck, 
which  the  Imlians  tame,  and  even  put 
them  about  their  necks.  Here  are  two 
principal  towns  called  Chiapa,  Hit 
Chiapefe  ai-e  of  a  fair  complexion,  couc* 
teous,  great  mafters  of  mufic,  pahituig 
and  mechanics,  and  obedient  to  their 
Aiperlors.  The  principal  river  ia  that 
ot  Chiapa,  which,  running  from  the  N. 
thro'  the  country  of  the  Q^ielenes*  atlalt 
tails  into  the  fea  at  Tabafcb.  It  is  weU 
watered ;  and  by  means  of  Chiapa  R. 
they  carry  on  a  pittty  briik  trade  with 
the  neighbourin^provtnces,  which  chiefly 
conlifts  in  cochineal  and  filk )  in  whim 
laft  commoditv  th.'  Indians  employ  their 
wives  for  making  handkerchiefs  of  all 
colours  which  are  bought  up  by  the 
Spaniaixls  and  fcnt  to  Europe.  Tho* 
the  Spaniards  reckon  this  one  of  their 
poorelt  provinces  in  America,  as  having 
no-mines  or  land  of  gold,  nor  any  har^ 
bouronthe  South  Sea,  yet  in  fizeit  is  in* 
ferior  to  none  but  Guatiraaia.  Befides^ 
it  is  a  place  of  great  importance  to  the 
Spaniards,  becaufe  the  ftrength  ot  alt 
their,  empire  in  America  depends  on  it  { 
and  into  it  is  an  eaiy  entunce  by  the 
river  Tabafco,  Puerto  Real,  and  its  vi« 
cinity  to  Yucatan. 

Chiapa,  ttw  name.of  two  towns  in 
Uxe  above  province}   the  one  isibmc- 


cm 

city,  and  the  «ther  Cht^jff  Mmth 
inhibited  by  8p«i««l«.  a»i*id  Heal 
if  k  biflwip**  fee.  Md  t^  ftat  pf  the  jw- 
4iciat  courtp.  1^  ie  4«l«ghtfi»lly  fif»»ted 
fa  s  j^ain»  flirmonded  with  ntowKMBer 
and  aloMftcqually  diftant  frpm  the  H* 
aod  8.  ftMi  and. IPO  leaguce  N.  W. 
ftwn  Goattimda*  The  biOkip*!  revenue 
iftoooducateajear.  Tb«pleee»n*>' 
^er  poHoue  nor  rich}  gnd  theSpanifli 
gent^  here  are  .bec<mie  a  proverb  op 
account  of  their  pride,  ignorance,  and 
poverty.  It  hat  feveral  monafteriea) 
and  rhe  cathedral  it  an  elegant  ftruAure. 
This  city  ie  governed  by  magiftratee 
chofen  amoQ|^  the  burgefles  of  the 
town,  by  a  particular  privilege  granted 
them  by  the 'king  of  SjMun.  N.  ut.  17. 
W.  loi^.  9jS*  40. 

The  oUxer  town,  called  Cbiap«  4t  h$ 
fyibst  that  it,  as  belonging  to  the  ln< 
dtans,  it  the  \arge&  they  nave  in  thia 
country,  and  lies  in  a  valley  near  the 
fiver  Tabafco,  vi^ich  abound*  with  fi|h, 
and  it  about  1 1  leaguet  N.  W>  of  Chia- 
pa,  or  Cividadjl^.  The  celebrated 
Bartholomew  de  lat  Cafat,  the  friend  of 
mankind,  wat  the  firft  bKhopof  Chiapa } 
and  having,  complained  to  the  court  of 
Madrid  of  the  cnieltiet  of  the  Span- 
iards here,  procured  the  people  great 
privileget,  and  an  exemption  tronn  fla- 
very.  Tbit  it  a  very  large  and  rich 
place  with  many  clpjftert  and  churchct 
m  it,  and  no  toyi^n  hat  fo  many  Dom 
cf  Indian  blpod  at  this  Chiapa.  On  the 
river  they  have  feveral  boatt,  in  which 
they  often  exhibit  fea-6gbtt  and  (ieges. 
In  the  environt  are  ^veral  nmnt  well 
ftocked  with  cattle,  and  fome  fugar 
plantations.  Wheat  it  brought  here 
from  the  Suaniflt  Chiapa,  and  of  it  t^m 
make  hara  bifcutt,  which  the  po<^r 
Spaniardt  and  Indians  carry  about  and 
exchange  for  cotton  wool,  or  fuch  little 
things  as  they  want.  There  are  about 
so,ooo  Indians  in  this  town. 

Chicapbe,  or  Cbickabti,  a  fmall  ri- 
ver in  MaflTachufetts,  which  rifes  from 
feveral  ponds  in  Worcefter  co.  and  run- 
ning S.  W.  unites  with  Ware  river,  and 
6  miles  further  empties  into  the  Connec- 
tiffut  at  Springfield,  on  the  £.  bank  of 
that  river. 

ChiccamOGGA,  a  huge  creek  which 
runs  N.  wefterly  into  Tcnneffee  riyer. 
Its  mouth  is  6  miles  above  the  Whirl, 
and  about  tj  S.  W.  from  the  mouth  9f 


the  Bitraflbe.    V^  lat.  j||.  tl,  ..Hid 

cfieek,  aadya the  banket  Uie Ttfuimf*^ 
See  Cikkmngf*- 

Cnicuum,Vff)iruiiiUvm,tm- 
townOiipt  in  Delaware  <w.Pcnnfy|vanin» 

CmcHi^TKit,  «  fimll  toffifcip  j» 
Rockingham  co.  Ney-Hannyliiif,  lAoat 
35  nnilet  M.  V^.  dfCxeter,  and4<  fr^ 
Portfinouth.  U  Itea  on  S-  xoi^  lt.| 
wa.t  incorporated  in  17*7,  and  contaiha 
4fi  inhabitd^. 

CHiCKAMpmMY,  a  fniaU  navigablf 
river  in  Virgii^a.  At  itt  niOMtn  mi 
Jamet  river,  37  mike  mm  JPoint  Cooi- 
fort,  in  Che&pe^  b^,  it  a  bari  qa 
which  it  only  la  feet  water  at  conupoa 
flood  fide.    Veflelt  palBng  that,  may 

£8  milet  up  the  nver{  thofe  qf  po 
It  draught  1%  milet }  and  veflUe  cf  A 
tone  burdoa  may  go  .3a  milee  up  tlw 
river. 

CHiciCAiiACOMXCO  Cruftf  in  Dcf* 
chefterco.  Maryland,  rune  ioutberly  be-, 
twe«9  the  toymt.  of  Middlctwfrn  apd 
Vienna,  and  emptjiet  into  Fi|Mi|gbay.»)« 

CHiCKAMAGBt,  a  partoif  the  Ch^V*^ 
kce  nation  of  Andiuit,  known  by  thin 
name,  inhabit  5  villaget  on  TouieiJen 
river.    Set  Chiccmmgf^' 

CHiCKA8/.v/  Bbg^a  on  the  eaftem 
bank  of  jJie  Miflirtppi,  wdthin  the  tcni^ 
torict  orfheUnifcd  Statet,  in  N[.  la^, 
35.  The  Spaniardt  erected  here  a  ftroqg. 
ftqckaded  fprf*  with  cannon,  and  hf^ 
niflied  it  with  troopi,  all  in  the  (pace  of 
14  hours,  in  the  nionth  of  June,  179s* 
It  has  fince  been  given  up  acoxdil^  to 
the  treaty  of  1796. 

Chickasaw,  a  creek  which  fiUlt^in^ 
to  the  Wabalh  front  the  £.  a  little  b»5 
low  Poft  St.  Vincent. 

Chickasaw,  a  river  which  emptiec 
into  the  Mifllfippi*  on  the  £.  fide,  10^ 
miles  N.  from  the  mouth  of  Margot* 
and  67  S.  W.  of  Mine  au  he.  The  landa 
here  are  ot  an  excellent  quality,  and  co- 
vered with  a  variety  of  ufeful  timber, 
canes,  &c.  This  river  may  be  afcend- 
ed  during  high  floods  upwards  of  30 
milet  with  boats  of  feveral  tons  burden. 

Chickasaws,  a  famous  nation  of 
Indians,  who  inhabit  the  country  on  the 
E.  fide  of  the  Mifliilppi,  on  the  bead 
branches  of  theToinbigbee,  Mobile  and 
Yazoo  rivers,  in  the  N.  ^\'.  corner  of 
the  ftateof  Georgia,  and  N.  of  the  coun* 
t^  of  the  ChaSlaws.  Their  country  ie 
an  exteufive  plain,  tolerably  weU^^ater- 

O  -ed 


9§  wo  HI 

^"i^nm  (Wlngi»  arid  of  •  pretty  gqdd 
MU'^hty  Mfre  1  towiit,  -the  central 
mi^  of  which  U  in  N.  ht.  34.  43;  W. 
long.  I9.  30.  The  number  of  Ibuit  in 
tUft  nation  hu  been  formerly  reckoned 
«t  »f*5»  of  which  575  were  fighting 
ntenvv^tcre  «r^  fonie  negvoea  among 
tKe  Chiekufawty  who  either  were  taken 
captitre  in  war,  or  ran  away  from  their 
maftcrlf  and  fought  fafety  among  the 
Indiana. 

In  1 539,  Ferdinand  de  Soto,  with  900 
ilMWy  'bHidea  Teamen,  failed  from  Cuba 
wrttbadefign  to  conqtier  Florida.  He 
trafelled  nnrthwaid  to  the  Chickafaw 
eeantry  about  lat.  35.  or  36.}  and  3 
yeare  after  died>  and  «a«  buried  on  the 
bank  of  Miflifippi  river. 

CitfCOMUKBLO,  a  town  in  the  pro> 
vinee  of  Chiapa,  in  New- Spain,  having 
a  cave  very  narrow  at  the  entry,  but 
fpaciout  within,  with  a  flagnant  lake, 
which  iif  liowever,  clear^  and  is  1  fiiih- 
omt  deep  towards  the  baidcs. 

Gnibkmecomet  JJIatid,  or  Chiek. 
mtttck-cundmckt  on  the  coaft  of  North- 
Carolina,  lies  between  Roanoke  ifland 
and  the  northern  entrance  into  Pamlico 
firand. 

Chihohoeki«  an  Indian  nation  who 
Were  confederates  of  the  Lenopi  or  DeU 
avrares^  and  inhabited  the  ^"'wm  bank 
of  l>elaware  R.  which  was^nciently 
«all«d  by  their  name.  Thieii*  foathern 
bodndary  was  Duck  creek*  in  Newcaf- 
tle  county^ 

CiiiKAOO  X.  empties  into  Ant  S.  W. 
end  of  lake  Michigan,  where  a  fort  fer> 
merly  ftood.  Here  the  Indians  have 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  by  the  treaty 
of  Greenvilk)  a  ti-aA  of  land  6  miles 
fquare. 

CiliciiECTO  Ckamult  the  N.  weft- 
em  arm  of  the  bay  of  Fundjr*  into  which 
Fetitcodiac  R>  falls.  The  fpring  tides 
rile  here  60  feet. 

Chi  LA  VAN,  a  town  in  New-Spain,  in 
the  country  of  the  Cohuixcas.  Between 
this  and  Tcoittylan  is  an  entire  moun- 
tain of  loadftone. 

ChiLca,  a  town  in  the  jurifdiftion  of 
Canette  in  Peni,  S.  America,  celebrated 
for  its  excellent  Ikltpetre,  of  which  gun- 
powder ia  made  in  the  metropolis.  It 
abounds  with  plenty  bf  fiOi,  firuitst  pulfe, 
and  poultry,  in  which  it  carries  on  a 
very  confiderable  trade  <  with  Lima,  10 
leaguea  diftam. .  8.  lat.  i»«  11.  W. 


*-')■ 


CHI 

Cum,  in  South-America*  ia  boond. 
cd  by  Peru,  en  the  N^{  bvF^rkguay  or 
La  Plata,  on  the  £  i  by  Patagonia,  o» 
the  8. )  and  by  the  Pacific  ocean  on  the 
W.  It  is  in  length  about  ia6o  miles* 
hfi  breadth  510;  between  •$  and  44*  8. 
lati  and  between  65.  and  S5.  W.  long. 
It  lies  on  both  fides  df  the  Andes.  Chili 
proper,  lies  on  the  W.  j  and  Cuyo  or' 
CutiOi  on  the  E.  The'  priiieiMl  towna*^ 
in  the  former,  are  St.  Jago  and  Ealdivia  | 
in  the  latter,  St  John  'de  Frontiera.       j 

Tlie  climate  of  Chili  is  one  of  tht- , 
moft  delightful  in  the  world,  bei|ig  af. 
medium  between  the  intenfe  heati  of 
the  torrid)  and  the  piercing  colds  of  the 
frigid  cones.  Along  the  coaft  of  thtf 
Pacific  ocean,  they  enjoy  a  fine  tempe- 
rate air,  and  a  clear  lerene  fky*  moft 
part  of  the  year;  but  fometimes  the 
winds  that  blow  from  the  mountains^  in 
winter,  are  exceeding  Oiarp.  Thei-e 
are  few  places  in  this  extennve  country, 
where  the  foil  is  not  exuberantly  rich } 
and  were  its  natural  advantages  iVcond- 
ed  b^  the  induftry  of  the  inhabitants* 
Chill  would  be  the  moft  opulent  king- 
dom 'n  America. 

The  horfes  and  mules  of  Chili,  are  in 
great  efteem,  particularly  the  former. 
Prodigious  numbers  of  oxen*  goats  and 
flieep  are  fattened  in  the  luxuriant  paC 
tures  of  Chili,  and  indeed  this  is  the 
only  part  of  hufbandry  to  which  the  in* 
habitants  pay  any  confiderable  attention*' 
An  ox  well  fattened,  may  be  purchafed 
for  four  dollars.  Turkeys,  geefe*  and 
all  kinds  of  poultry*  are  found  here  in 
the  lame  proruiion .  The  coafts  abound 
with  mai^  excellent  fifti ;  there  are  alfa 
vaft  numbers  of  whales  and  fea  wolvea*^ ' 
The  foil  produces  Indian  and  EuropeaW 
copi,  hemp,  grapes,  and  all  other  fruits. 
T%e  European  fruit  trees  are  obliged  to 
be  propped  to  enable  them  to  luftain 
the  weight  of  the  fruit.  Orange  treea 
are  in  bloom,  and  bear  fruit  throughout 
the  year.  Olives  alfo,  and  almond  trees* 
thrive  exceedingly  well ;  and  the  inhabi- 
tants prefs  a  kind  of  mufcadine  wine 
from  the  grapes,  which  far  exceeds  any 
of  the  kind  made  in  Spain. 

Mines  of  gold*  filver,  copper,  tin* 

Snickfilver*  iron  and  lead*  abound  in 
us  country.  Vaft  quantities  of  gold 
are  wafhed  down  from  the  mountains 
by  brooks  and  torrents  {  the  annual 
amount  of  which*  when  manuft^red*  js 
afttmated  at  nolefs  than  Sooo*ooo  dollars. 

Chili 


ChiniiM  dmytlwd  comoMrcM  coo- 
MaioM  with  tiM  ntigltbouriiig  IiulivM 
onit*  fMnUen,  with  P«ra  •ad  Para- 
guay. Tbt  IikUant,  in  tlwir  tnnAc- 
tioat,  U9  feuMl  to  be  perftaiy  kMieft. 
Chili  fttppUM  Peru  With  bidet,  dried 
fruit,  copper*  &k  meat,  boriSrSi  hemp, 
and  coru}  and  receivct  in  cxcheni^, 
tobacco,  lUgar,  cocoa,  earthen  ware, 
fome  manoiMluret  made  at  Qjdto,  and 
fonie  articles  of  luxury  brought  from 
Europe.  To  Paraguav  flie  ftnda  wine, 
brandy,  oil,  and  chiefly  gold }  and  re- 
ceives in  pajrnient,  mules,  wax,  cotton, 
the  herb  of  Paiaguay,  negroes,  ire. 
The  coitamerce  between  the  twocolo 
nies  is  not  carried  on  by  fea}'  it  hath 
been  found  more  expeditious,  £ifer,  and 
even  lels  cxpcnfive  to  go  by  land, 
though  it  is  )54  leagues  trom  St.  Jago 
to  Buenos  Ayrcs,  and  more  titan  40 
leaeues  of  the  way  are  amidft  the  ihows 
andprecipices  of  the  ConliUeras. 

The  Indians  in  this  country  are  ftill 
in  a  great  mcal'ure  unconquered)  they 
live  I'cattercd  in  the  deferts  and  forefts, 
and  it  is  impoifible  to  afcertain  their 
numbers.  Thofe  Indians,  which  are 
not  fubjeft  to  the  Spanilh  yoke,  are  very 
honeft  in  their  commercial  tran(lfi£tions} 
but,  like  almoft  all  other  Indians,  they 
are  very  fond  of  fpirituoui  liquors.  They 
live  in  finaH  huts,  which  tney  build  in 
the  eourfe  of  a  day  or  two  at  fiurtheft ; 
and  which  they  abandon  when  hard 
pufhed  by  an  enemy.  They  are  brave 
and  warlike,  and  all  the  attempts  of  the 
Spaniards  to  fubdue  them  have  proved 
ineffe6lual.  It  is  almoft  equally  difficult 
to  alcertaln  the  number  of  Spaniards  in 
Chili.  The  Abb6  Raynal  lays,  there 
are  40,000  in  the  city  of  St.  Jaso }  if 
this  be  true,  the  aggregate  number  in 
all  the  provinces  of  Chiii-  muft  be  more 
confidtrable  than  has  been  generally 
fuppofed. 

St.  Jago  is  the  capital  of  this  country, 
and  the  i«at  ot  government.  Thj  com- 
mandant there,  is  fubordinate  to  the 
Viceroy  of  Peru,  in  all  matters  relating 
to  the  government,  to  the  finances,  and 
to  war  {  but  he  is  independent  of  him 
as  chief  adminiftrator  of  juftice,  and 
preiident  of  the  royal  audience.  Eleven 
inferior  officers,  diftributed  in  the  pro- 
vince, are  charj^  under  his  orders,  with 
the  details  ot  adminiftration.  This 
•ountry  was  firft  difcovered  by  IXm 
Die^o  d*Almagro,  in  1515. 


CHI  p^ 

CmtMOWii  iiwwftrfrf,  in  tiw  ftwd^ 

caAem  part  af  the  ftate  of  TeaMlai»i 

and  between  iiand  thaCheidtMcoanM|!*> 

CHiLifl^AqvB,  a  te«mfliipt«ft6tf>- 

quehannah  R.  in  Peaafyhania. 

Chillakothb,  an  Indian  town  oi| 
the  Grjat  Miami,  whiah  waa  di#mpni 
in  i7ts  by  a  body  of  militia  fniifKm- 
tucky.  Gen.  Harmar  Aippofes  thiai» 
be  the  «  Englifti  Tawixtwi,"  in  Hutdi^ 
ins's  map.  Here  are  the  ruina  of  aft  . 
old  fort,  and  on  both  fidea  of  the  river  , 
are  extcnfive  mcadowa.  This  nune  ia 
applied  to  many  diffierent  plans,  in  ho* 
nor  of  an  influential  chief  mho  fermerljr 
headed  the  Shawanoes.   SeeTtfwuefwi. 

Chillakothb,  Old,  ia  an  Indiaa 
town  deftroycd  by  the  fbrcea  of  the  U* 
S.  in  17S0.  It  lies  about  3  miles  S. 
of  Little  Mimia  R.  The  country  in  ita 
vicinity  is  of  a  rich  foil,  and  ia  oeauti^ 
fully  cnequered  mth  meadows. 

Chilmark,  a  townfliip  on  Martha*a 
Vinejrard  I.  Duka*s  co.  Mafladrnftttaji 
coniaining77i  mhabitants.  ItUetyf 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  BoAon.  See  Mmiha*t 
Viimari. 

Chilob,  a  confiderable  ifiand  of 
Chili,  S.  America,  the  S;  part  of  which 
i»  divided  finom  this  continsnt  hy  a  nar* 
row  fta,  and  the  continent  there  fonna  . 
\  bay  1  it  is  fituated  between  4a.  and 
44.  of  S.  latitude,  being  about  1 50  miiea 
ui  length  and  at  in  Iweadth.  The  UU 
and  prodiicea  all  neceflary  provifioMv 
excepting  wine,  and  quantities  of  am- 
bergris are  found  on  the  coaft.  It  haa 
an  indiflftrent  fort  called  Chacao.  Caf- 
tro,  the  chief  town,  ftanda  between  two 
brwdcs,  with  a  finall  caftle  which  com* 
mands  the  harbor.  Ithasnootherdefencct 
and  the  houfes  arc  few  and  fcattered. 

Chilloas,  a  jurifiiiAion  in  the  Infli* 
oprick  of  Truxillo,  in  S.  America. 

Chil<^bs,  a  juriidiAion  of  S.  Ame- 
rica^ in  Peru,  fubieft  to  the  bUhop  of 
Cufco,  8  leagues  S.  E.  firom  that  city. 
Its  commerce  confifts  in  woolen  manu- 
faAures,  grain  of  all  kinds,  cows,  Oieep» 
&c. 

Chimbo,  a  jurifiliAion  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Zinto,  in  S.  Amercia,  in  the 
torrid  tone.  The  capital  is  alfo  called 
by  the  fame  name. 

Chimbobako,  in  the  province  of 
Quito,  is  the  higheft  point  of  the  Andes* 
ami  the  higheft  mountain  as  yet  known 
in  the  world }  being,  according  to  Con- 
damine,   s9,aoo  ttet;    accoraing   to 

C  %  .  othm, 


m        cHo 


W§»Hm  Mitt  WMW  WV IMU  Of 

^Hm  Mvrljr  under  the  liM». 
'■im-'U  41. 40.  8*  lat.  y«k  its  t<tM 
Nwwl  >wkk  ke  ud  fiaewt  aod  die 
coontry  aijmmit  h  dften.inerced  with^ 
^anMM»  «aM  irain  tlw  w&sds  whkh, 

iCiMteA.  alamandidcftfiuit  traUev 
i»  the.  dioodSk  of  Liim,  m  Tern.  Pi* 
amo  dfefired  tlw  knig«f  Spain  that  thia^ 
.  «^;ht.bctlie  Umita  of  Ma  government 
M  Ch«  S.  and  that  the  ri«er  St.  Jiigo 
iMMld>ouadlt  on  the  N.  Thevaltojr 
Heart  good  ivheat,  and  SpattUh  vines 
Ibfive'wcUkiit. 

CiinicACOCA,  a  hdcem  Penif  in  the 
tofwai  of  Cuanuea. 
.  CBir*WAa.    SccCAf^Awax. 

GmwrAWAY,  anincowiderablc  place 
■ear  the  fidia  of  Niagara*  10  miks  frooa 
QgeeMwwn* 

CairPiWAY  Jt.rww  S.  weftwardin. 
t6  MiiU^  R.  in  that  part  where  the 
eanluent  watera  form  lake  'Pepin*  in 
M.  bt  44.  W.  long.  03.  s4. 
'CThieaootw.    See  Fiein  river. 

Chissbl»  a  tort  iii  theftate  of  Ten* 
ludSkt"H  raikaftam Englilh  feny»  <m 
Mew  ritKTi  44  from  A'  'ngiien,  and 
««7  from  Lo«g  iflandt  on  I.  olftm. 

iCIiiTTaNDiN  Co.  in, Vermont*  Kes 
DBbkf  Ghamplaittt  between  Franklin 
«il.  on  the  M.  •and  AddifiM  S.  {  La 
Moille  river  pafles  «hraugh  itt  N.  W. 
•anicr*  «nd  Omon  never  dividea  it  near- 
Ir  in'  the  center.  Its  chief  town  is  fiur- 
lo^ltiai.  JThis  county  contained,  by 
Ihe  cenfiia  of  179ft  44townflii^  and 
•7]oi  inhabitants.  Since  that  time  the 
■octhem  counties  have  been  ta  ken'  from 
Jt*  b  that  neither  ita  fisey>r  'number  of 
iidiabitants  can  now  be  afcertained. 

)Ghittbnobn»  a  townfliip  in  Rut- 
land eo*  'Vermont  contains  1 59  inhabi- 
'  tpnta.  The  road  over  the  mountain 
paftsHkhroiurh  this  townfliip.  It  lies 
.7  miles  B.  mm  ^e  ffXt  on  Otter  creek, 
in  PittsftH^»  and  about  60  N.  by  E. 
from  Bennington. 

Chittenenoo,   or  Canaferage,   a 
coKlidtsraMe  ftream  which  runsnorth- 
■.ody^  into  Lake  Oneida,  in  the  ftate  t>f 
Naw^York. 

CrocoZtATE  Crrtktik  head-water  of 
Tioga  R.  in  flew- York,  -whole  mouth 
lies  10  miles  S4  W^  of  the  Painted  Poft. 

GnocOLOCo-CA*  which  the  Spa- 
sdirda  call  Cattro  Virfeyna,  « town  of 
Peru,  60  leagues  S.  caftwaxd  of  Lima, 


C'HO 

IS  very  lamoat  turnifniifflUMif  wnen 
ar*  at  the  top  of  n  giatl  nmattahi*  al*. 
waya  covered  wSii  AMMVy^md  but  • 
leagvaa  frona  tba  toaMi*  TM  fralMa  oc , 
th«flBiaea»ofadarkblaa<«kur}  Aefii 
being  calciacd^nd  powdered,  than  ftaep- 
cd  in  water  attd  ^ekihrer,  the  fikh  Ja 
iemmtad  and  the  <3var  mwid  md  ferm« 
ea  into  bars.  ThaAvciaaaic  not  very 
rich,  but  the  metal  is  vaiy  £m.  They 
make  plenty  of  vdna  haic,  where  it  at- 
taina  a  greater  decree  of  porfcAion,  dw« 
ing  totheipurencH  of  the  air,  than  it  ia 
obkrvad  to  have  dftwhere. 

Chocopb,  a  town  In  the  jnrifiliftion 
of  TriariUo,  In  8.  America,  In  Peru }  14 
leagues  fouthward  of  St.  Pedro.  Hera 
are  about  90  or  100  houfta,  and  about 
60  or  70  families,  chieAy  Spaniards,  with 
Tome  of  the  other  cafts,  but  not  above 
a.5  Indian  fomilies.  Ith***  church 
bulk  of  brick,  both  hrgf  and  decent. 
The  peo|de  here  mentien  a  rain  that 
fell  in  if*6t  which  lafted  40  nights,  be- 
ginning conftantly  at  4  or  5  in  the  even- 
mg,  aM  ceafing  at  the  fame  hour  next 
morning,  which  laid  moft  of  the  honles 
in  ruins.    S.  lat.  7. 46. 

Chocorva,  ftmeuntain  h  Grafimi 
00.  New-Hampfliire,  on  the  N.  line  of 
StMffiord  co.'N.  of  TaitivMN'th. 

Chocvito,  or  rather  Cktraara,  ^or 
thi  OuMi  a  large  lake  ne«r  Paria,  in  S. 
Aoierica,  and  Tn  Peru,  into  vdiich  a 
great  munber  of  rivers  empty  them- 
kIvcs.  It  k  a40  miks  in  circumference, 
and  in  fbme  parts  lo  fathoms  deep  { 
yet  the  water  cannot  be  drank,  it  is  fo 
viery  turbid.  It  abounds  in  S&,  wluch 
tlwy  dry  and  fait,  and  exchange  with 
the  neighbouring  provinces  for  brandv, 
wines,  meal,  or  money.  It  is  faid  the 
ancient  Yncas,  on  the  conquefl  of  Peru, 
by  the  Spaniards,  threw  into  this  lake, 
aU  their  riches  of  gold  and  filver.  It 
was  this  lake  into  which  the  Ynca  Hu- 
ana  Cn>ac,  threw  the  famous  chain  of 
gold,  the  value  of  which  was  immenfc. 
It  abounds  with  flags  and  tvfhes,  of 
which  Capac  Vaupanclii,  the  fifth  Ynca, 
built  a  bridge  for  tranfportiiig  his  army 
to  the  other  fide. 

Choisevl  Bttjft  on  the  N.  W.  coall 
of  the  iflands  of  the  Arl'acides,  W.  of 
Port  Praflin.  The  inhaHirants  on  this 
bay,  like  thofe  at  Port  PraAin,  have  a 
cuftom  of  powdering  their  hair  with 
limei  which  bums  it  and  gives  it  a  vsd 
appearance. 

C  Hort, 


CklOTi(TK%  in  KmMbMk  river, 

fie. 

CMorrAim,  »  kuie  MvitabU  mer 
of  tli»eii«niilMNrt  a?  Maryimd  nip- 
ping Jaio  GiMApMk  bay. 

Chqwam  C$.  in  EdMtMi  dlftriA,  N. 
Caraliniy  on  the  M.  fide  of  Alhcmarle 
ibund.  It  contains  5011  inhaWiantt, 
of  wImmh  »5tt  are  flavct.  Chief  town, 
Edenton. 

Chowan  X.  in  N.  Carolina,  fiillt 
into  the  N.  W.  comer  of  Albemarle 
Ibiind.  It  i»  3  mile*  wide  at  the  mouth, 
but  narrows  hift  at  you  afccnd  it.  It  is 
formed  5  miles  fi^om  the  Virginia  line, 
by  the  confluence  of  Meherrin,  Notta- 
way,  and  Black  rivers,  which  all  rife  in 
VirRiniat 

^  CiiRisTCHVRCH,apariihinChar]cr- 
ton  diAriA,  S.  Carolina,  containing  19  54 
inhabitants,  of  whom  $66  are  whites, 
»iJ7  flavea. 

Christiana,  a  poft  town  in  New- 
caftle  CO.  Delaware,  is  fituated  on  a 
navigable  creek  of  its  name,  la  miles 
frpm  Elkton,  9  S.  W.  of  Wilmington, 
and  37  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia.  The 
town,  confifting  of  about  50  hcutes, 
and  a  Prefliyterian  church,  ftands  on  a 
declivity  which  commands  a  pleafant 
profpeft  of  the  country  towards  the 
Delaware.  It  carries  on  a  bride  trade 
with  Philadelphia  iq  flour.  It  is  the 
greateft  carrying  place  betwe^  the  na- 
vigable waters  of  the  Delaware  and 
Chefapeak  ;  which  are  13  miles  afunder 
at  this  place.  It  was  built  by  the 
Swedes,  in  1^40,  and  thus  called  after 
their  queen. 

CHKitTiAtiA  C'reei,  on  which  the 
above  town  is  lituated,  falls  into  Dela- 
ware  R.  from  the  S.  W.  a  little  below 
Wilmington. 

It  is  propofed  to  cut  a  canal  of  about 
9  miles  m  length,  in  a  S.  weftern  direc- 
tion from  this  creek,  at  tlic  town  of 
Cbriaiana  (6  miles  W.  S.  W.  of  New- 
caftle)  to  Elk  R.  in  Maryland,  about  a 
mile  bclcw  Elkton.  See  Delawartt  and 
WUmmgtoH. 

Christiana,St.  one  of  the  Marque- 
fa  ifles,  called  by  the  natives  Waitahu, 
lies  under  the  fame  parallel  with  St. 
Pedro,  3  or  4  leagues  more  to  the  weft. 
Refolution  bay,  near  the  middle  of  the 
W.  fide  of  the  ifland,  is  in  lat.  9.  55. 
30.  S.  long.  1 39. 8. 40.  W .  from  Green- 
wich} and  tbf  W.  and  of  Domiuica 


(THR  Ml 

N.  15.  W.  etpt.GebkfntlUabm 
the  name  of  hi»  bill.  ItwaaodMVart 
Madrc  de  IHoa  by  tha  9|i>iarJa.  Tiris 
ifland  prodvce*  eottoa  of  %  ftifMritar 
kind.  A  rpeclMn  tiS  it  is  ftapofltad  In 
tbojanimimof  the  MiC  Hill^  Soeialf  . 

GHRMtlAMIBVRO,  tlwchkf  tMVltff 

Montgomery  co.  Vlf]^nia.  ft  coataint 
very  tew  keufts }  haa  a  cMNt.boaft  aal 
gaol,  fituated  near  a  branch  of  Lhtl*  R. 
a  water  of  the  Kanhaway.  N.  lai  ty.  j^ 

Chri aTiANiT ED,  the  principal  towR 
in  the  ifland  of  Santa  Cnii,  fituated  ok 
the  N.  fidt  of  the  ifland,  on  a  fine  |utY. 
hour.  It  is  the  refidence  of  the  Ihmflk 
governor,  and  is  defended  b,  a  ftone 
ionrefs.  .  ■^ 

Christmas  Ifltmdt  in  the  PicMc 
ocean,  lies  entirely  folitary,  nearly  eqinlb 
ly  diftant  from  thf  Sandwich  imnds  on 
the  N.  and  the  Marquefason  the  S.  St 
VMS  to  named  by  ^captain  Cook,  on  ad- 
count  of  ,  his  nrjft  landing  there,  on 
Chriftmas  day.  Not  a- drop  of  jfMfll 
water  was  found  by  digging.  A  dlip 
touching  at  this  defolate  ilie  Muft  ex- 
peA  nothing  but  turtle,  fifli,  and  a  few 
birds.  It  is  about  1 5  or  ao  leagues,  in 
circumference,  and  bounded  by  i(^-eaf 
of  coral  rocks,  on  the  W.  fide  of  whtdi 
there  is  a  bank  of  fine  fand,  extending 
a  mile  into  the  fea,  and  affording  gbod 
anchornge.  N.  lat.  1.  59.  W.  long, 
I57«  30. 

Christmas  Simmdi  in  Terra  del  Pa. 
ego,  South  America,  inN.  latfs.ai. 
W.  long.  69.  57. 

Christophers,  St,  an ifland-in  the 
Weft-Indies,  belonging  to  Great-Bri- 
tain, commonly  called  by  the  failors,  St. 
Kitts;  by  the  ancient  Indians,  Ay-ay } 
and  by  the  Charaibes,  Liamniga,  or  the 
fertile  i(land,  is  fituated  in  N.  lat.  17. 
W .  long.  6  z. ;  and  is  ib  miles  long  and 
7  broad,  containing  about  80  fquare 
miles.  Ir  was  difcovered  in  November, 
1493,  by  Columbus  himl'elf,  who  was 
fo  pkafcd  with  its  appearance,  that  Ae 
honoured  it  with  his  own  chriftianname ; 
but  it  was  neither  planted  nor  pofleiled 
by  the  Spaniards.  It  is  however,  the, 
okleftof  all  the  Britifli  territories  in  the 
Weft  Indies,  In  i6a6,  it  was  fettled 
by  the  French  and  Enelifli  conjoufitl'y  } 
but  entirely  ceded  to  the  lat'ter  by  the 
peace  oiF  Utrecht.  Great  quantities  of 
indigo  were  formerly  railed  here.  In 
1770,  the  exports  amounted  to  above 
^.419,000  fterling,  in  fugar,  ludlafliiB, 

G  3  and 


■HBjMR  I  MM  MAt  ^(IMO  raf  COtton* 

liMn  cottoiii  gii^|er»  and  tht  tfp|»ical 
ft«&s,k  pmliKedi  in  i7l7f  •Si>S97 
tnn.  ol  Aifari  and  in  i79e>  bnt  about 
« I  s>ono  cwt.  li  ii  computed  tW  tkw 
iiaad  •ontaina  (boo  whiMa  and  t<»ooo 
Mfiwoa*  In  F«braary>  i7la»  it  ,waa 
taMin  Inr  tho  French,  but  nftorad  to 
Britain  hjr  tht  treaty  of  ijts. 

Chvmbi  VibCAt,  aJuriiili£Uan  fub. 
Jaft  to  the  biihop  of  Cuibo,  in  S.  Amc- 
rie,  and  cqmireof  Pcrut  about  40  leagues 
imncbataty{  It  praduces  corn»  fruits, 
hcM  paftiires  for  cattltt  and  mines  of 
gMd  and  filver. 

Chvrcb  Qr$fk  TawK,  in  Dorchcfter 
no.  Maryland,  lies  at  the  head  of  Church 
cNelc,  a  branch  of  Hudfbn  R.  7  miles  8. 
wdbrly  from  Cambriil|f . 

CHimcH  HILL,  a  village  in  Qjicecn 
Anne*s  CO.  Maryland,  at  the  head  of  S. 
X.  Ctceh,  a  branch  of  Chefter  R.  i  N. 
W.  of  Bridgetown,  and  N.  E.  of  Ctn- 
treville  t  miTet.and  S5S..W.  from  Phil- 
•dtelphia.  N.lat.  40. 9.  W,  long.  7$.  53. 

Church  Hill,  Fort,  in  New  N. 
Wales,'  ftands  at  the  mouth  of  Seal  R. 
ontheE.fideofHudfonBayi  lao miles 
N.  N.  E.  of  York  fort.  N.  hu.  48- 
5t.  W.  long.  94.  I ). 

Churchill  R.  in  New  South  Wales, 
runs  N.  eafterly  into  the  W.  fide  or' 
Hudfon  bay,  at  Church  Hill  fort,  in 
lat.  5t.  57.  3a.  N-  long.  94.  ti.  30. 
W.    b€tNtW'Britmiit  Siteiary,  Vc. 

Chvrchtown,  a  viila«;e,  to  called, 
in  the  N.  £.  partof  Lancafterco.  Peiai- 

21vania,  about  so  miles  £.  N.  E.  of 
ancailer,  an4  50  W.  N.  W.  of  Phila. 
delphia.  It  has  i  a  houfes,  and  an  Rpif- 
copal  church }  and  in  the  environs  are 
t«Po  forges,  which  manufaAure  about 
450  tons  of  bar  iron  annually. 

CiACiCA,  a  ju!  ifdifiion  iu  S.  Ameri- 
ca, in  Peru,  ruhjeft  to  the  archbifhop  of 
Plata,  and  90  leagues  diftant  from  that 
city)  abounding  in  coidoa,  cattk,  and 
£omt  (iiver  mines. 

Cibola,  or  Gvflat  the  name  of  a 
town  in,  and  aifo  the  ancient  name  of, 
New.>Granada,  in  Terra  Firms,  South* 
America,  The  country  ho-e,  though 
not  mountainous,  is  very  cool ;  and  the 
Indians  are  faid  to  be  the  whitcft,  wit- 
tieft,  rooft  fincere  and  orderly  of  M  the 
aboriginal  Americans.  When  the  coun- 
try V  as  difcovcred,  they  had  each  but 
one  witc,  and  were  exieflivcly  jeak .is. 
Tbej  weri^pipcd  yntttf^  and  fn  old 


CIV 

wwMui  that  was  a  magielani  and  be- 
lieved Am  lay  bid  under  ana  of  tbair 

lakes. 

CiciRO,  a  military  townfltip  in  New* 
Yprk,  on  the  8.  W.  fide  nf  Oneida 
lake ,  and  between  it,  tbe  Salt  lake,  and 
the  Salt  (jpringe. 

CiNALOA,  called  by  fiMtoe  GMie,  a 

govince  in  tbe  audience  of  Oalicia,  in 
Id  Mexico,  or  New-Spain.  It  has  tbe 
gulf  of  California  on  tne  W.  the  pro- 
vince wf  Cttliacan  on  the  8.  and  the 
kingdom  of  New-Mexico  on  the  N.  and 
E.  From  8.  E.  to  N.  E.  it  i^  about  too 
leagues  i  and  notabove4e  where  broad- 
eft.  On  the  E.  fide  it  is  bounded  by 
the  high,  craggy  mountains,  called  Te,> 

fecfuan,  30  or  40  leagius  from  the  fra. 
t  is  well  watered,  its  rivers  abound  with 
fidi,  and  the  air  is  ferene  and  healthful. 
It  abounds  with  all  forts  of  fi-uit»  ami 

Srain,  and  cotton.  The  natives  are 
ardy  and  induftrioui,  and  manulaAurs 
cotton  cloth,  with  which  they  clothe 
themfelves. 

Cincinnati,  a  flourifliing  town  in 
the  tenitoiy  of  the  U.  S.  N.  W.  of  the 
Ohio,  and  the  prefent  feat  of  govern- 
ment. It  ftands  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Ohio,  oppofite  the  mouih  of  Licking  R. 
s{  miles  S.  W.  of  Fort  Wafliington,  and 
about  S  miles  wefteriy  of  Columbia. 
Both  thefe  towns  lie  between  Great  and 
Little  Miami  rivers.  Cincinnati  con- 
tains about  too  hodfcsi  and  is  Similes 
N.  by  E.  of  Frankfort)  90  N.  W.  of 
Lexington,  and  779  W.  byS.  of  Phila- 
delphia. N.  lat.  39.  «».  W.  long.  85. 

44. 

CiNciNNATUS,  is  the  S.  eaftemmoft 
of  the  military  townftiips  of  New- York 
ftate.  It  has  Virgil  on  the  W.  and 
Salem,  in  Hcrkemer  co.  on  the  E.  and 
lies  on  two  branches  of  Tioughnioga  R. 
a  N.  weftern  branch  of  the  Chenango. 
The  centre  of  the  town  lies  53  miles  S. 
W.  by  W.  or  Cooperftown,  and  39  S. 
E.  by  S.  of  the  S.  £.  end  of  Salt  Lakf . 
N.  lat.  4«.  30. 

Cirencester.    See  Marcus  Hook* 

City  Pma/,  in  Virginia.  See  Bin» 
mudtt  Humhttt, 

CiviDAD  Real,  the  capital  city  of 
Chiapa,  in  New- Spain.  Chilton,  an 
EngliCnman,  fays  the  Indians  called  it 
Sac&tlan,  and  that,  in  1570,  it  contain- 
ed about  100  Spanifti  inhabitants.  See 
Cbiafa, 

(^IVIOAD  RbaX.,  iithecapital  of  the 

province 


CkAift,  8T. »  comty  IntlM  ttrrftorv 
Ht  W.  of  tbc  OiiiM)  wM  Uid  olTtnb 
Apr!{t  I7t9»  Itt  boandwrits  am  Am 
•iSciaily,  dcftrilMd  t  •<  BMinnias  at  tbc 
iw>ttrh  af  tbs  JUttk  MichuliinfckiiMck 
river  ^  ruimmg  thence  routhirl^  in  •  «)i* 
fcA  lint  to  dtc  mouth  of  th«  Ltttk  river 
above  fort  Mi^ac,  ihmii  the  Ohio  river) 
^ence  with  the  Ohio  to  iti  jui>£Uon 
with  the  MiiTifippi  i  thence  up  the  Mifli- 
fippi  to  the  mouth  of  tlie  Illmoi*  river) 
ana  up  the  lUinoii  to  the  place  of  be- 
ginning, with  all  rhe  adjacent  idanda  of 
the  faid  rivers  Illinois  and  MifllAppi." 

Clair,  St.  a  fort  in  the  territory  N. 
W.  of  the  Ohio,  i»  fltuatcd  S5  milci  N, 
of  fort  Hamilton,  on  a  Imall  creek 
which  falls  into  the  Great  Miami }  and 
f  I  miles  S.  of  fori  Jeflferibn. 

CLM9.,8r.  lakt,  lies  about  halfway 
between  lake  Huron  and  lake  Erie,  in 
|!iloith  America,  and  is  about  90  miles 
in  circumference.  It  receives  the  wa- 
ters of  the  three  great  )flkt»,  Superior, 
Michigan,  and  Huron,  and  diQ:harges 
them  through  the  rivpr  or  ftrait,  ca/Ud 
p*£troit  (whifh  is  in  French,  theftiait) 
into  lake  Erie.  Its  channel,  a|  alio  that 
of  the  lake,  is  fufncicntly  deen  for  vef- 
fels  of  very  conflderable  burden.  See 
p'Mtroit. 

CtAM  Town*   See  Egg  harbour. 

Clarb,  a  townlbip  on  St.  Mary's 
bay,  in  Annapolis  co.  Nova-Scoria.  It 
has  about  50  families,  and  is  compofed 
of  woodland  and  laic  tnaidi. 

Clarkmqn  r,  a  townfliip  in  Cheshire 
po.  New-Hanjiplhire,  on  the  E.  Iide  of 
ConneAicut  river,   oppoflte  Afcutney 

Sountaih,  it;  Vermopt,  and  on  the  N. 
ie  of  Sugar  ^.  i^  24,  miUs  S.  of  Dart- 
ipouth  college, and  I ai  S-  W.  by  W.  of 
ro  tlmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in 
7764,,  audisontains  1435  inhabitants. 

Ci^ARBMONT  Co,  in  Camden  dil^riA, 
S.  Carolina,  contains  2479  whitjs  inha- 
bitants, and  ^i  10  ^aves.  Statciburg  is 
the  county  town. 

Clarendo^I  Set  Ci^  Ffor  riwr. 

Clarendon  Ce.  the  iouthernmoft  in 
Camden  diftria,  S.  Carolina,  is  about 
30  miles  long  and  jo  broad,  and  con- 
tains 1790  whites  and  6ox  Have;. 

Claren.^on,  atowulhip  near  the 
centre  of  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  water- 
ed by  Otter  Creek  and  its  tributary 
Areams)  14  or  15  milca  E.  oi'Fairha- 


C  L  A  io| 

nRt  and  44  N.  B«  of  9ani|B|toii.  It 
coittains  147!  inlnliiaima. '  On  tlie  8f 
fi.  fi  e  of  a  mountain  lithe  wvicnx 

?n  of  Chutndon,  or  In  the  e^  of 
inmouthi  t|  ac^ious  cave*  the  motitll 
of  which  h  not  n|orc  than  a|'^  iia 
diameter,  in  iti  defcetitt  ilie  paAfi 
makes  an  angle  witn  the  hbrlaon  of  y 
or  40  degrees )  but  eontinuea  of  naarW 
the  lape  diameter  throu^  its  wbdl 
length,  which  U  }i{  M*  At  thatdU 
fiance  from  the  mouth*  It  vjftn§  into  a 
fpacious  room,  ao  feet  k«g,  fa|  wU&i 
and  18  or  ao  feet  high.  Evcrv  n>^rt  <^ 
the  floor,  fides  and  roof  of  tn!  xho^ 
appear  to  be  a  Iblid  rock,  bu.  vciy 
rough  and  uneven.  The  water  it  con- 
tinually percolating  thrmigh  the  top,aii4 
has  formed  fialai6lUeji  of  various  forma  | 
many  of  which  are  conical,  and  fome 
have  the  appearance  of  maflive  columns. 
From  this  room  there  is  a  commuaica* 
tion  byanarrowpaflfageto  othera  ^ual^ 
ly  curioils. 

Clarke,  a  nevv  county  of  Kentucky* 
betw|:en  the  head  waters  of  Kentucky 
and  Licking  rivers.  Its  chief  towA  JM^ 
Winchefter. 

Clark8B(7RG,  the  chief  town  of 
llarrirun  co.  Virginia.  It  containf 
about  40  houfes*  a  court-houie,  and  gaol) 
and  Hands  on  the  E.  fide  of  Nlononga- 
hela  K .  40  miles  S.  W.  of  Morgantown. 

Clakkstown,  in  Orange  co.  New- 
York,  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  Tap- 
pan  Sea,  «  miles  diftant }  northerly  from) 
Tappan  townOiip,  ^  miles,  ana  from 
New- York  citv,  19  miles.  By  the  flate 
cinfus  of  1790,  as4of  its  inhabitantf 
are  dehors. 

Clarksvillb,  the  chief  towii  of 
what  was  till  lately  call^  TcnneQee 
CO.  in  the  liateofTcnneflee,  is  pleafant- 
ly  fituared  on  the  E.  bank  vf  Cumber- 
land 1^*  and  at  the  mouth  of  J^ed  river, 
oppoflte  the  mouth  of  Mt^ddy  Creek. 
It  contains  about  30  houlcs,  a  court- 
houle  and  gaul,  45  miles  N.  W.  o| 
Nafliville;  iijiN.  W.  by  W.of  Knox-- 
ville,  ami  940  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 
N.  l.t.  36,  15.  W.  long.  88.  57. 

CL.iRKSviLLE,  a  l'ma>l  fettlementjn 
the  N.  W.  teriitory,  which  contained* 
in  i79i>  about  60  Ibuls.  It  is  fituated 
on  the  northern  bank  of  the  Ohio,  op- 
pofite  LouilVtUe,  a  mile  below  the  Ra- 
pids, and  1 00  iniles  b.  £.  of  Poi^  Vin. 
cent.  It  is  frequently  flooded,  when 
the  river  is  high*  RudiMai^led.by  ped- 

.     P'*» 


G4 


m       til 

mtM^pmmt  at  pnftnt,  <nd  •«•!- 

;  ClJrviRACiit  •  poft  tovm  in  Cohm. 
lb  CO.  NsW'York,  pkifiimhr  fituttid 
M  *  lif|t  ^laii,  abttot  hi  mUn  B.  of 
mMm  cirf ,  omt  a  cnw  of  its  own 
teM.  It  coMriM  about  Co  boulb»  a 
HlMili  Choreh,  a  co**^  ttouft,  and  a 
jpol.    The  townd*'ip,  by  tbt  cvoAn  6f 

89 1,  contain^  %^nt  inhabkai^t«»  in- 
Miuf  S4e  flam.    Bjr  the  (Ut«  ccnrus 
17«(I*  there  npean  to  be  ai»  etcA. 
tn.  U  U  ast  miles  fiom  Phihdelphia 
Clirk*!  IJIm,  lie  S.  W.  from,  and 
H  the  entrance  of  Behring'e   ftraite, 

SI   fcparate  Afia  from  America. 
p«tl^  belong  to  Aiia»  being  very 
,  and  S.  8.  W,  from  the  head  land 
Which  liea  between,  the  ftraitt  and  the 

Klf  of  Anadir,  io  Afia.  They  have 
rir  name  in  honour  of  that  able  navi- 
flstor,  Capt.  Clerk,  the  companioa  of 
Capt.  Cook.  In  other  Maps  they  are 
called  St  Andrea  Ifles, 

Clirmont,  a  poli  town  in  Colum- 
bia CO.  New. York,  <  mil^t  from  Red 
Hook,  15  fromHudfon,  117  miles  N. 
of  New  York,  and  aia  from  Philadel- 

eiia.  The  townfliip  contains  16;  in- 
bitants,  inclufitre  of  113  flares. 
'  ^  Clirmont,  a  village  1 3  miles  from 
Cfemden,  South  Carolina.  In  the  late 
inr,  here  was  a  bluck.houfecncompair- 
cd  by  an  abbatls.  It  was  taken  from 
fol.  Kugcly.  of  the  BritiOi  militia,  in 
Dte.  17S1,  bv  an  ingenious  ftratagem 
df  lieut.  col.  walhington. 

Ci.iB,  Lakb  ht»  in  Upper  Canada, 
ibout  3!  miles  long,  and  30  broad  {  its 

5itei-s  communicate  with  thofe  of  Lake 
ui'on. 

Cli  NCH  MoiuaaiM,  divides  the  waters 
of  Hol(*Mi  and  Clinch  rivers,  in  the 
Aftte  of  ''enneflte.  In  this  mountain, 
fiuik*s  Sardcn,  and  Morris^  Nob, 
^ighr  be  defcribed  as  curiofities. 

Clinch,  or  PeUfitit  a  navigable 
branch  of  Tennefl^e  K.  which  is  equal 
in  length  to  Holfton  R.  its  chief  branch. 
Biit  lefs  in  width.  It  rifcs  in  Virginia, 
and  after  it  enters  into  tlie  ftate  of  Ten- 
jftelKe,  it  receives  PowePs,  and  Poplar's 
f  reek,  ^nd  Bmery'b  river,  befiJes  other 
Hreams.  The  courfe  of  the  Clinch  is 
8.  W.  and  S.^  W.  by  W.  Its  moiith, 
1 50  yards  ifMe,  lies  35  miles  below 
ICnoxville,  and  60  .above  the  mouth  of 
tbeHiwal^.  It  is  bqatahle  for  up- 
<i>anla  of  aoo  mfles }  and  Powel^a  R. 


CLI 

niiriy  m  laife  ta  thtoMiM  rNtr«  b  |p 
vinbk  ibr  beatt  100  milei.  ** 

CURTOii,  the  moft  nonhiM  ceonty 
of  ctie  lbc«  of  Nfw.York,  it  botadid 
N.  byCanadai  B.  by  the  dcepeft  wiMra 
of  Lika  ChMupbb,  whbh  Una  ftparaita 
kftvm  Varmofit  1  and  8.  by  the  coumV 
efWafliiagton.  Byftweenfttaof  1701, 
It  contained  t6f4inbMlantff  Including 
i7flavea.  It  is  divkbd  Into  5  Vamtn 
Oiipa,  vb.  Plattflnuv,  the  capita^  Crown 
Point,  Willflboroutth,  Chamnlain,  and 
Pent.  The  length  from  tf .  to  8.  b 
i«bout  9(  miles,  and  the  breadth  from 
E.  to  W.  inclndini;  the  line  upon  thd 
lake,  is  36  miles.  The  number  of  funis 
is  now  (1796,)  eftimaied  to  be  i,ooo. 
By  the  Itateccimis,  in  Jan.  1796,  there 
were  <6a4  peribns  entitled  to  be  eleAors. 
A  great  proportion  of  the  lands  are  of 
an  excellent  quality,  and  produce  abun- 
dance of  the  various  kinds  of  gnb  cuU 
tivated  in  other  parts  of  the  Hate;  The 
people  manufaAure  earthen  ware,  pot 
and  pearl  aflies,  in  larjre  quantities, 
which  they  export  to  New- York  or 
Quebec.  Their  wool  is  excellent )  their 
beef  and  pork  fecond  to  none )  and  the 
price  of  liall-fed  beef  in  Montreal  60 
miles  from  Plattfburgh,  is  fiich  as  to 
encourage  the  fanners  to  drive  their 
cattle  to  that  market.  Their  fbrefts 
fupply  them  with  fugar  and  molafles* 
and  the  foil  is  vrell  adapted  to  the  cul- 
ture  of  hemp.  The  land  carriage  from 
anjr  part  of  the  country,  in  tranlportlng 
their  produce  to  New- York,  does  not 
exceed  ig  mile«.  Tht  carrying  place 
at  Tic  nderqga  is  li  miles  {  aiM  tinom 
Fort  George,  at  thrS.  end  of  the  lake 
of  that  name,  to  Fort  Edward,  is  but 
1  ^  miles.  The  fmail  obftmAions  after 
that  are  to  be  removed  by  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  northern  canal.  From  this 
country  to  Qjiebec,  are  annually  fent 
large  rafts }  the  rapids  at  St.  Johns's  awJ 
Chamblee,  being  the  only  interruptions 
in  the  navigation,  and  thofe  not  fo  great, 
but  that  at  fonie  feafons,  batteaux  with 
fixty  bufliels  of  fait  can  afcend  them. 
Salt  is  fold  hereathajf  adollar  a  bufliel. 
Saranac,  Sable,  and  Boquet  rivers  water 
Clinton  co.  The  firll  is  remarkable 
for  the  quantity  of  falmoit  it  produces. 
'  Clinton,  a  townfliip  in  Dutchefs 
CO.  New- York,  above  Ponehkeepfie. 
It  is  large  and  thriving,  and  contains 
4607  inh^itants,  including  176  flaves. 
666  vH  its  inhabitants  are  eleAors. 

CUNTQN, 


&6ii' 


>  CitiitM,  •  IMnMM  In  TiAgi  M. 
Mm.Yorit,  bMmM  br  FftjTMte  M  tht 
11.  W«n«i«l  lb* i.  OriMoii  tht  W. 
and  fnnklU  biOlftge  co.  m  MmS. 
VmcHH*  R.  Joim  iStm  8ali|«MlMmMdi  at 
(1m  N.  B.  canwr»  and  iht  eoaSamc 
ftraun  tvM  8>  W«  to  Waittn* 

CtiMrov,  a  ptantation  in  Lincoln 
to,  diftiift  of  Malnti  lim  a;  milt*  from 
NallowciN 

Clinton,  pnriih,  in  tht  i^wndiip  of 
Paris,  7  miln  from  Wliitcttown,  n  a 
wcaltliy,  plearant,  ftoorifliing  fettlement, 
coniainhig  fcYcral  liandfome  iioufei,  a 
ncwhr  mAcd  Fre(bytertan  meeting- 
houie,  a  conveniau  (cliool  iMufe,  and 
an  edifice  for  an  academy  delisiitfully 
ituated,  but  not  yet  finiflicd.  Between 
tint  fettlement,  and  the  Indian  fettle- 
menta  at  Oneida,  adifbnce  of  is  miles, 
(in  June  1796)  was  wildemefs  without 
any  ioAiabitaiits,  exceptinjr  a  few  In- 
dians at  the  Old  Oneida  vulage. 

Clinton's  Harbwrt  on  the  N.  W. 
toiXt  of  N.  America,  has  its  entrance  in 
M.  ht.  $%.  IS.  W.  long.  i}|t.  Ca|>t< 
Oray  named  it  afier  gov.  Clinton  of 
New.York. 

Clio<^OT.    See  Ctj/iquot. 

Cli STING  8,  a  fierce  nation  of  Indians 
Ivho  inhabit  round  Hudlbn  bay.  See 
NiW'BritaiM. 

Clostbk,  a  village  in  Bergen  co. 
Ncw'Jerfey,  nearly  7  miles  S.  E.  of  Pe- 
ramus,  and  16  N.  of  New.Yoric  city. 

CLTOquoT,  a  found  or  bay  on  the 
N.  W.  coalt  of  America,  weilerly  from 
Berkley's  Sound.  See  Hancock^ iHaHtour. 

COATZACVALCO,  a  navigable  river 
of  Mexico,  or  New-Spain,  which  emp- 
ties into  the  gulph  of  Mexico,  near  the 
country  of  Onohualco. 

CoBBBiECONTE,  or  C(;g^f90l,  which 
in  the  Indian  language  fignifies  the  land 
where  flurgeons  are  taken,  is  a  fmall  ri- 
ver which  rifes  fhim  ponds  in  the  town 
of  Winthrop,  in  the  diilri6l  of  Maine; 
and  falls  into  the  Kennebeck  within  3 
miles  of  Nahunkeag  Ifland,  and  1 5  fiona 
Moofe  Ifland. 

CoBE<^n ,  or  Colcbifter  river,  in 
Nova-Scotia,  rifes  within  so  miles  of 
Tatamogouche,  on  the  N.  E.  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia  j  from  thence  it  runs  fouth- 
erly,  then  S.  W.  and  W.  into  the  E.  end 
oftheBafinof  Minas.  At  its  mouth 
diere  is  a  fbort  bank,  but  there  is  a  good 
dhstnnel  on  each  fide,  which  veflels  of 
^0  tunt  buiden  may  {>aft,  and  go  i^o 


coii         IH 

mllig-«p  lit  lifNT.   Tim  ti« 
fcattnnsd  ftttlemtnu  on  Ha  barikt. 

CotetiiY,  in  (ka  dUbia  oT 
Set  Pilf/flM. 

CoBBSA,  or  CdiUi,  an  obfbii  Ml 
and  villajn  in  tht  auiUMdi  of  IM  Cba^; 
cus,  in  rem,  S.  Amtrica.  TKt  placi 
is  inhabited  1^  about  fo  Indian  ftmiHi^ 
and  is  the  moil  barren  fpot  on  tilt  vmU 
This  it,  however,  the  nearefl  port  td 
LijMS,  whert  (lure  are  filvcr  mines,  ami 
alio  to  FotoTi,  which  is  yet  above  io« 
leagnis  diftant,  and  that  thrpugh  a  da- 
fart  country. 

CoBHAM,  a  fmall  town  in  Virglniaf 
on  the  S.  hank  of  James  R.  oppoiito 
Jametiown  (  so  miles  N.  W.  of  SuffoUc, 
and  8  or  9  S.  W.  of  Williamlburg. 

CoBHAM  Jfltt  mentioned  bv  Captain 
Middleteton,  in  the  journal  of  his  voy. 
age  for  finding  a  N.  E.  palbge.  Ita 
two  extremities  bear  N.  by  E.  and  B« 
bv  N.  in  N.  lat.  63., E.  long,  froni 
Churchill,  3.  50.  which  he  takes  to  bt 
the  Brtek  Cohbam  of  Pox. 

CoBLESKiLLt  a  new  town  in  the  eo. 
of  Schoharie,  New- York,  incorporatad 
M.'M-ch,  17^7. 

CocAMCO,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter 
CO.  Pennfylvjnia. 

CocHBCHO,  a  N*  W.  branch  of 
Pifcataqaa.R.  in  New.Ham|ifliire.  It 
rileM  in  the  Blue  Hills  in  Stratford  co. 
and  its  mouth  i«  5  miles  above  Hiltoira 
Point.    See  Pi/mtaqua. 

CocHABAMBA,  a  province  and  jurif. 
di£\ion  in  Peru,  50  Uagties  from  Platai 
and  56  from  Potofi. '  Its  capital  of  tht 
fame  name  is  one  of  the  richeft,  largeft^ 
and  moft  populous  in  Peru,  as  it  is  tht 
granary  ot  the  archhiflioprick  of  Plata  { 
and  in  fon^efpo|s  fiiver  mines  have  l>een 
dilirovei-ed. 

CocKBURNB,  a  townfliip  in  the 
northein  partof  New-Hamj}lhire,  Graf- 
ton CO.  on  the  E.  bank  of  Connc£licut 
river,  S.  of  Colebrooke. 

Cocker  MOUTH,  a.  town  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-Hamplhire,  about  1 5  miles  N. 
E.  of  Dartmouth  Cc^llegs.  It  was  in* 
curporated  in  1766.  and  in  1775,  con- 
tained 1 18  inhabitants;  anci  in  1 790,  373. 

Coc  K s  AKi E .     See  Coxakie. 

Cou.  See  Cape  Cod,  BarnfiaUe  ea, 
znd'Prov'mcetowutt. 

CoDORus,  a  townfltip  in  Yorkco* 
Penhfylvania. 

CosvMANt,  a  townfliip  in  Albany 
CO.  New- York,  i  a  miles  below  A)bai^. 


«p6 


CPH 


l{r  |hr  ftate  euvfus  pf  1796,  ^§9  of  its 

i||abiu\iitt  are  elcAors. 

Coiio:<AWAGA,apari(h  in  the  town- 
Kip  of  Johnftown,  Montgomery  co. 
Hew  York,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Mc'^awk 
It.  *<  miles  W.  of  Scheneaady.  Tliis 
fbce,  which  had  been  fettled  near  $p 
jmrt,  and  which  was  the  feat  of  Sir 
wiHiam  Johnfon,  was  moftly  deftroyed 
hf  the  Bi-itiffi  and  Indians,  under  the 
command  of  Sir  Wiliiami  in  the  year 
t7So.  In  this  action,  Johnfon  evince^ 
a  want  of  feeling  which  would  have  dil- 
^ccd  ai  (avage.  The  pr  pie  deftroyed 
n  this  expedition,  were  h>s  old  neigh- 
bours, with  whom  he  had  tbrmetly  livtxl 
is  the  hahit»  of  friendOiii).  His  eftate 
was  among  them,  and  tiie  inhabitants 
Itad  always  cbn/idered  him  as  their 
fifend  and  neighbour.  Thefe  unfoitu- 
■ale  ptople,  after  feeing  their  houfes 
wad  property  coniumed  to  afiies,  were 
hurried,  fuch  as  could  walk,  into  cruel 
captivity ;  thofe  who  could  not  walk, 
hu  M&'\tm  to  the  tomahawk  and  fcaJp- 
ing  knife.     See  Caghnatuaga. 

Cohan zr,  or  Qtfariat  a  fmall  river, 
which  rifes  in  Saliin  co.  New-Jerfey, 
and  running  through  Cumberland  eo. 
empties  into  Delaware  R.  oppcfite  thp 
vppci'  tnd  of  Bombay  Hook..  It  is 
aboot  30  miles  in  length,  and  is  n^viga- 
Mb  for  vefleU  of  100  tons  to  Bridgt- 
fown,  so  miles  from  its  mcuth. 

CoHASSET,  a  townihip  in  Norfolk 
CDk.  Maflachufetts,  which  was  incorpo- 
xat.-d  in  t77o,  and  contains  817  inhabit- 
ants^ It  has  a  congregational  church, 
aad  is£  houfes,  fcattered  on  different 
farms.  Cohaffet  rocks,  which  have  been 
ib  fatal  to  many  veflels,  lie  off  this  town, 
about  a  leagiie  from  the  fliorr.  It  lies 
a5miiesS.E.ofBofton}butinaftraight 
fine  not  above  half  the  diftancc 

CaHOEZ,  or  the  Falls  in  Mohawk  R. 
between  »  and  3  miles  from  its  mouth, 
tad  ro  miles  northward  of  Albany,  are 
a  very  great  natural  ctuiofity.  The 
fiver  aiiove  the  falls  is  abcut  300  yards 
widci  and  approaches  them  from  the 
N.  W.  in  a  rapid  current,  between  high 
banks  on  each  fide,  and  puurs  the  whole 
bady  of  its  water  over  a  perpendicular 
rack  of  about  40  (fome  fay  more)  feet 
in  height,  which  extends  quite  acroi's 
the  river,  like  a  mill-dam.  The  banks 
of  the  river,  immediately  below  the  falls, 
are  about  ico  feet  high.  A  bridge  1 100 
fiMt  kmg,  and  34  feet  \vu!e,  rening  on 


COL» 

13  piers,  waserea^»atthee9tpflae<|of 
I  a,opo  dollars,  in  1794,  a  mile  bc)(iw 
the  falls,  from  which  a  fpcAator  fnajr 
have  tL  gcwni  view  of  themi  but  they 
appear  moft  romantically  from  Laniinr 
burgh  hill,  5  miles  E.  of  them.    ; 

CoHONGORPNTO  is  the  name  of 
Potowmack  K.  before  it  breaks  through 
the  Bliie  Bidge,  In  N.  lat.  39. 45.  lt% 
whole  length  to  the  Blue  Ridge  may 
be  about  |6o  miles  {  from  thence  it  al- 
fui|ies  the  name  ofP9tittumack,Yr\iich  (ct^ 

CoHVixCAs,a  country  inNew-Spain, 
ip  which  there  is  a  confiderabie  moun.| 
tain  of  loadftooe,  betweea  TcoUtyUm 
nnd  Chilapan. 

CoKESBiJKY  Cof.iECE,  in  the  town 
of  Abington.  in  Harford  co.  Maryland, 
is  an  innitution  which  ^>^*  ^^^  ^  RFO^ 
mote  the  improvemet^t  of  fcien(:e,  an4 
the  cultivation  of  virtue.  It  was  foun4> 
xi  by  the  Methodifts,  in  1785,  apd  has 
its  name  in  honour  of  Thomas  Cu)(e,  an4 
Francis  A  {bury,  the  American  bifliops 
of  the  Methodift  Epifcopal  churchy 
The  edifice  is  of  brick,  handlbmelj 
built,  pi^  a  healthy  fppt,  enjoying  a  finf 
:  air,  and  a  very  extenfive  proi(ue«.  Thq 
college  was  ereAed,  and  is  wholly  fup- 
porteJ  by  fubfcnptiun  and  voluntary 
donations,  The  ftudents,  who  are  to 
confill  of  the  fons  of  travelling  preachy 
ers,  annual  fubfcrihers,  members  of  the 
fbciety,  and  orphans,  are  inftruded  iif 
Rnglifh,  Latin,  Greek,  logic,  rhetoric^ 
hilloiy,  geography,  natural  philofophy, 
and  a'ftronumy ;  and  when  tlie  financeit 
of  the  college  will  admit,  they  are  to  bq 
taught  the  Hebrew,  f'rtnch,  and  German 
languages.  The  rules  for  the  pri^'atc 
condua  of  the  ftudents  extend  to  theic. 
amufements  i  and  z]i  tend  to  promote 
regularity,  entourage  indu(iry,  and  tp 
nip  the  buds  of.idlenefs  and  vice.  Theic 
recreations  without  doors  are,  walking, 

Sardening,  riding,  and  bathing  }  within 
oors  they  have  tools  and  accommoda- 
tions for  the  carpenter  s,  joiner's,  cabi- 
net maker's,  or  turner's  bufinefs.  Thdi^ 
they  are  taught  to  confider  as  pleafing 
aixt  lieaUhful  recreations,  both  for  the 
body  and  mind. 

CoLAN,  a  linall  Indian  town,  fituated 
near  the  South  Sea,  x  or  3  learues  to 
the  northward  of  Payta,  inhabited  by 
fiihermen.  Here  they  make  large  rafts 
of  logs,  which  will  carr  60  or  70  tons 
of  goods;  with  thefe  ■  y  make  long 
voyages,  even  to  Panama,  f  or  6qo 

leaguei 


lewoet  dUbint.  They  have  fimaftivith 
a  foil  (aftcaed  to  it.  They  alway*  go 
befei«  the  wind,  being  unable  to  ply 
againft  it}  and  therefore  only  fit  for 
theft  feaa,  where  the  wind  it  always  in 
a  manner  the  fame,  not  nuying  al>ove  a 
point  or  two  all  the  way  fro\n  Lima, 
till  they  come  into  the  bay  of  Panama  i 
and  there  tl^y  muft  fometime*  wait  for 
a  change.  Their  caigo  it  ufually  wine, 
oil,  frgar.Qjuto  cloth,  foap,  and  drefled 
goat  (kins.  T'he  float  is  usually  navi 
gated  by  3  or  4.  men,  who  fell  their  float 
where  they  difpofe  ot  their  cargo  {  and 
return  as  paflen^ers  to  the  port  they 
came  from.  The  Indians  go  out  at 
night  bv  the  help  of  the  land-wind,  vyith 
fiAingnoats,  more  manageable  than  the 
others,  though  thefe  have  mafts  and  fails 
too,  and  return  again  in  the  day-time 
with  tlie  fea-wind. 

Colchester,  a  townfliip  in  Ulfter 
CO.  N.  Voik,  on  the  Popachton  branch 
of  Delaware  river,  S.  W.  of  Middle- 
town  ;  and  about  50  miles  S.  W.  by  S.^ 
of  Cooperftown.  By  the  ftate  cenl'us 
of  1796, 193  of  its  inhabitants  are  elec- 
tors. 

Colchester,  a  large  townOiip  in 
{ilew- London  co.  Conne6licut,  iettUd 
in  1701 ;  about  15  miles  weftwatd  of 
Norwich,  25  S.  E.  of  Hartford,  and  zo 
N.  W.  of  New  LoiMion  city.  It  is  in 
contemplation  to  have  a  poit- office  efta- 
bliflied  in  this  town. 

Colchester, the  chief  town  in  Chit- 
tenden CO.  Vermont,  is  on  the  E.  bank 
of  lake  Champlain,  at  the  mouth  of 
Onion  river,  and  N.  of  Burlington,  on 
Colchefter  bay,  which  i'preads  N.  of  the 
town. 

Colchester,  a  pofli-town  in  Fair- 
fax CO.  Virginia,  fitu.ited  on  the  N.  E. 
bank  of  Ocquoquam  creek,  3  or  4  miles 
from  its  confluence  with  the  Potow- 
mack }  and  is  here  about  100  yards 
wide,  and  navigable  for  boats.  It  con- 
tains about  40  houies,  anil  lies  16  miles 
3.  W.  of  Alexandria,  106  N.  by  E.  of 
KichiMond,  and  171  trom  Pliiladtlphia. 

Colchester  R.  Nova  Scotia.  See 
Cohequit, 

Cold  Springs  in  the  ifland  of  Jamai- 
ca, is  ^  villa,  6  miles  from  the  highlands 
of  Liguania.  The  grourds  are  m  a 
highftate  oi' improvement.  Cold  fpring 
{s  4S00  feet  above  the  level  uf  the  Tea ; 
and  fewer  none  ot  the  tropical  fruits  will 
fieurUbinibculd  a  climate.    The  ge- 


■-fP 


co-ir  toy 

ncral  ftate  of  tke  thcnnometer  U  M9 
55.  to  65. }  and  evei)  Ibmetimct  Q>  lam 
as  44.:  fo  that  a  fire  there,  even  at 
noou-day,  is  not  only  comfortable,  bat 
necefliuya  great  part  of  the  year,  hbmf 
of  the  Engufli  fruits,  astheamtle,  tha 
peach,  and  theftrawberry,  flouriflt  tbere 
m  great  perfi:6tion,  with  feverai  other 
valuable  exotics,  as  thetea.tKeandodiler 
oriental  pro<iudi<uis. 

Cold  Spring  Covet  near  Burlington, 
New-Jerfey,  i«  remarkable  f-^r  its  fand 
and  clay,  ufed  in  the  r.anufaSknrt  of 

Siafs ;  from  whence  the  glafii  works  at 
[amilton,  10  miles  W.  of  Albany,  an 
lupplied  with  thefe  articles. 

Colebrooke,  in  the  northern  pait 
of  New- HampUiire,  inOraftoc  co.  Uea 
on  the  E.  b:ink  of  Connecticut  R.  op. 
."ofite  the  Greai.  Monadnock,  in  Ca- 
naan, ftate  of  Vermont  j  joining  Cock- 
bume  on  the  fouthward,  and  Stuarta- 
town  on  the  northward }  is6  milea  N.- 
W.  by  N.  from  Portfmouth. 

GoLEBROOKE,  a  rough,  hiilytowB» 
fliip  on  the  N.  line  of  Connefticut,  in 
Litchfield  cc. ;  jom'lesN.  W.  <^iljirt> 
ford  city.  It  was  iettled  in  1 7  56.  Itoe 
are  %  iron  works,  and  i'everal  mills,  fm 
Still  R.  aN.  W.  water  of  Farmihgtoo 
K.  In  digging  a  cellar  in  this  r  nm,  at 
tiie  clofe  of  the  year  1 796,  belongii^  to 
Mr.  John  Hulhurt,  the  work  men,  at  the 
depth  of  about  9  or  to  feet,  found  thrw 
large  lofks  and  two  thigh  bones  of  an 
animal,  the  latter  of  which  meafured 
each  about  4  feet,  4  inches  in  length* 
and  I  scinches  in  circumference.  VOien 
firlt  diicovered  they  were  entire,  I  ut  aa 
ibon  as  they  were  exposed  to  the  air 
they  moukiered  to  dull.  This  adds 
another  to  the  many  la^s,  wlich  prove 
that  a  race  of  enormous  anitnals,  now 
extinCl,  once  inhabited  th<:  United  States. 

CoLbRAiN,  a  townfhip in Lancafter 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

C0LER.-iiN,  a  town  on  the  N  oank. 
of  Sc.  Mary's  river,  Camden  co.  Geor^ 
gia,  40  or  50  miles  from  its  mouth.  Oa 
the  10th  of  June,  1 796,  a  treaty  of  peace 
and  fricndlliip  wixs  made  ana  concluded 
at  this  place,  between  the  Prcfident  of 
the  United  States,  on  ih  one  part,  in 
behalf  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
king's  chiefs  and  wan  iors  of  the  Creek 
nation  of  Indians,  on  the  other.  By  this 
trtaty,  che  line  hstwicn  the  white  peo> 
pie  and  the  Indians,  was  eftablifhed  to 
run  "  from  the  Currahce  mouutain  to 

Cht 


fdt 


^01 


fete  Mid  «r  tsmef  of  Ae  imifi  flMth 
WinMi  OT  rae  Oeonct  nvcTf  csHoot  by 
i^  white pieott|e>Appil«tohce,  and  by. 
^  IHdiiiM.  Tula{Kwka»  «id  dmra  the 
IlkHMledrth^fame."  Liberty  wat  aMb 
^ilreH  bfifhe  Indiana  to  the  Prefident  of 
thitf  United  States,  to  "  eAablifli  a  trad- 
Sofi^  or  rttilitary  poft  on  the  S.  .fide  of 
AMtamaha,  about  i  mile  from  Beard's 
bkifF,  or  any  where  from  tlience  down 
the  river,  on  the  lands  of  the  Indians ;" 
imd  the  Indians  agreed  to  **  annex  to 
6td  poft  a  tra£l  of  lat^  of  five  miles 
fqaare  j  and  in  return  for  this  and  other 
tokens  of  iViendihip  on  the  part  of 
the  Indians,  the  United  States  ftipnlated 
to  rive  tltem  goods  to  the  value  of  6000 
dolTara,  and.  to  fumifli  them  with  two 
bUckliniths  with  tools. 

CotRAiNE,  a  townOiip  in  Hampftiire 
CO.  Maflitchufctts,  whicn  contains  as  9 
'faoufes,  and  14.17  inhabitants. 

CoLiMA,  a  large  and  rich  tOwi^  of 
Mechoacan  and  New-Spnin,  on  the  S. 
-SMi  near  the  bonters  ai  Xalifca,  and  in 
the  mod  plcaiant  and  fruitful  valley  in 
•U  Mexico,  producing  cocoa,  caflia,  and 
^hcr  things  of  value,  befides  lomtr  gold. 
JDampier  takes  notice  of  a  volcano  near 
1t,  with  two  fliwp  peaks,  from  which 
^loke  and  flame  ioue  continually.  The 
iiunoiis  plant  oleacaxan  grows  in  the 
-fwighbonrhood,  Which  is  i-  ckoned  a 
catnolicon  for  rcftoring  decayed  ftrengrh, 
and  a  I'pcciiic  againft  all  forts  of  poifun. 
'The  natives  apply  the  leaves  to  the 
parts  atie6t«d,  and  judge  of  the  fuccefs 
■0  the  op<!ration  by  their  flicking  or 
felling  off, 

CoLUM Bi  At  •  townfliip  in  Waihing- 
tbn  CO.  diftri£l  of  Maine,  om  Pleafant  K. 
Adjoining  Machias  on  the  N.  £.  and 
^TOS  formerly  called  Plantations  No.  1 1 
-•nd  13.  Ivwas  incorporated  in  1796. 
The  town  of  Machias  lies  i  e  miles  to 
the  eallward.  It  is  9  miles  mim  Steu- 
■licn. 

CbLTfMBiA  Ceimty,  in  New- York,  is 
bounded  N.  by  RenH^laer,  S.  by  Dutch- 
efs,  £.  hy  the  ilateof  Maflachufetts,  and 
W.  by  Hiiilibn  R.  which  divides  it  from 
Albany  co.  |t  is  31  miles  in  length  and 
SI  in  brt;adth,  and  is  divided  into  eight 
towns  J  Of  which  Hudl'on,  Claverack, 
and  Kintierhook  ai-e  the  cliief.  It  con- 
tained, in  17^0,  S7,7}s  ialiabitants,  and 
-in  1796,  3560  dolors. 
'     C0117MBIA  Goli*ge,    See  Niw-Tark 


COM 

^  e&LVMUJi^,  TBttmrMir  07^  See 
Wiitplii^Hiit  ot  the  FtdtftUt  tUtt 
•  COLi^MBitA,  •  poft  town,  the  e«pM 
of  Kerfliaw  co.  and  the  fcit  of  jHHrem^ 
ment  of  Sooth-Carolina.  If  i*  fttwited 
in  Camckn  diftrift,  on  the  E.  ftddof  the 
Congaree,  juft  below  the  confluence  of 
ISaluda  and  Bread  rivcrs.^  The  ftreets 
are  regular,  and  the .  tiyvn  coiitains  up>. 
wards  of  70  houfcs.  The  public  oflieet 
have,  in  Tome  meafure,  beendivided,  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  lower  counties,  and  a  branch  )f 
each  retained  in  Charleftown.  It-|ies  11*5 
miles  N*  N.W.  of  Charleftown,  35  S.W, 
of  Camden,  S5  trom  Augufta,  in  Geor> 
gia,  and  678  S.  W.  ot  Philadelphia. 
N.  lat.  34..  I.  W.  long.  So.  jy. 

COLtTMBiA,  a  flourilhing  poft  town 
in  Goochland  eO.  Virginia,  on  the  N» 
fide  of  James  river,  i|t  the  mouth  of  the 
Rivanna.  It  contains  about  40  houfes, 
and  a  warehoufe  for  the  infpeftion  of 

tobacco.  It  lies  4S  *^*l** '^v^  K'^' 
mond,  35  from  Charlottefville,  and  3*^ 
S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Columbia,  a  town  newly  laid  out, 
in  Lancafter  o.  Penniylvania,  on  the 
N.  E.  hnnk  oi  Suiquehannah  river,  at 
Wright's  tieny ;  lo  miles  W.  ofLan- 
caftet ,  and  76  W.  by  N .  of  Philadelphia. 

Columbia  C9.  in  the  Upper  diltrift 
of  Georgia,  is  bounded  by  Savannah  E. 
on  the  N.  E.  and  E.  which  feparates  it 
from  the  ftate  of  S.  Carolina,  N.  W.  of 
Richmond  co.  Iti  Ibape  is  very  irre* 
gular. 

Columbia,  a  town  in  the  N.  W. 
territory,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Ohio  river, 
and  on  the  W.  fide  o£  the  mouth  of 
Little  Miami  R. ;  about  6  msles  S.  E. 
by  E.  of  Fort  Waihington,  t\E.  byS. 
ot  Cincinnati,  and  87  N .  by  W*  of  Lex- 
ington, in  Kentucky.  N.  lat.  39.  «o. 
.  Com  AN  A,  a  town  and  province  in  the 
northern  divifion  of  Terra  Fiima,  S. 
America.  It  lies  on  the  N.  eafternmoft 
part  ftf  the  fea  coaft. 

Com  ARC  o,  a  town  of  New-Leoh,  in 
N.  America,  fituated  on  the  S.  fide  of 
Kio  Bravo,  which  empties  into  the  gulf 
of  Mexico  on  the  W.  fide. 

Combahbe,  a  confiderable  river  of 
South-Crirolina,  which  enters  St.  Helena 
found  between  Coofa  and  Alhepoo 
rivers. 

CoMBAflEE  Fern^  on  the  above  ri- 
ver is  r  7  milet  from  Jackfonfiioroogh,  1 5 
ftoiaFocotagiioMMl  51  ftmnCharleftown. 

COMfURT 


■Mil  )*Mt«dF,Kfa>ifc<Hl*dly  wfc  anWrn- 
niiit,  fonnedl  hy  |jWie»  R.  •!  4tt  •ooA 
m  Chdapeafc  bwr*  Voi«t  Comfoct  Jim 
af  ntfks  W*  bjr «.  of  Gape  Henrv. 
.  CoMMAMOBs,  one  of  thje  rtmUl  Viro 
gin  iflea,  in  the  Weft-Indiet,  fituttrd  to 
tlM  M.  N.E.  of  Tortuh.  N.  lat«  i8. 
«5.  W.  bng.  (3. 

GOMfoSTBLLA,  a  Very  rich  town  in 
Kew*6pain,  ai^  province  of  XalifcQ, 
built  in  1^531,  fitiiated  near  the  S.  Sea* 
400  mile*  N.  W.  of  Mexico.  The  foil 
it  barren  and  the  air  unhealthful ;  bnt 
it  hat  feveral  mines  of  iilv«r  at  St.  Pe- 
caque, initaneighboarhood.  N. lat. si. 
so.  W.  long.  109.  4t.  See  CuUacam, 
COMAioHARY,  a  poft  town,  on  the 
8.  fide  of  M<^iwlc  nver,  New-York, 
very  large,  3^  miles  above  Schenectady, 
and  318  from  Philadelphia.  Sec  Caaa- 
johary. 

CojiAWAHOO,  a  northern  branch  of 
.Alleghany  riv<-r,  in  Pennfylvaftiat  which 
(ifes  from  Chataughq  lie  lake. 

CONCEjPTioti,  a  large  hay  on  the  E. 
fide  of  Newfoundland  ifliuid,  w^ofe  en* 
trance  is  between  Ca|)e  St.  Francis  en 
itfie  fonthward,  and  Plaraborough-head 
on  the  noithward.  It  nins  a  great  way 
into  the  land  in  a  fouthein  dif«6lion, 
having  nwderous  bays  on  the  W.  fule, 
«n  which  are  two  fettlements,  Carbo- 
itiereandHavrede  Grace.  Settlements 
were  made  here  in  in  1610,  by  about  40 
l^nters,  under  governor  John  Guy,  to 
whom  king  James  had  granted  a  patent 
«f  incorporation. 

Q0KCK9Tii>»»f  Salaytt  a  fma'l  towji 
■of  N.  America,  in  the  province  of  Me- 
xhoacan,  in  Mndco  or  New-Spain,  was 
built  by  the  Spaniards,  as  well  as  the 
ftatbns  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  Philip, 
to  lecure  the  road  from  M«:choacan  to 
the  filver  mines  of  Zacatea.  They 
have  alfo  given  this  name  to  feverai 
boroughs  of  America ;  as  to  that  in 
Fu(\ianiola  idand,  and  to  a  Tea- port  of 
California,  &c. 

Conception,  by  the  Indians  called 
Pt^uo,  a  city  m  ChtlL  S.  America,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  edge  of  the  Tea,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river,  and  at  the  bottom 
of  a  bayof  its  own  name.  It  lies  in 
abojt  37.  S.  lat.  It  was  feveral  tiroes 
0'  rttroycci  bv  the  powerful  confederacy 
.cf  the  Indian!),  and  as  often  repaired. 
Vn  17  30  it  wa»  deftroyed  by  an  earth- 
qaake»  and  fiace  that  rebuilt.-  It  is 


vvftliki  (III*  awilraw  Mik  jiwl^^ 
$N  Mgo>  ami  A»  govyBid^vMi4l'#ii 
«lore.  The  SpMJtfli  igAtWi||<t.Af»» 
are  the  iQoft  vNunMiw  llHl'bwW''P  IV 
iil$«AnNri«4  thvy  am  iM  ^Mi4ll 
wrms  6i«uiii^  tchikUiooAii.tff  bcnulf 
lorefift  tlie  ia«»cli4^  the  CMleftli^^Mb 
whom  they  Haiw  raMMi  to  «o«^id«r  » 
formidable  enen^.  . 

The  inhftbitfint^i .  and  ^m<'^  w^ 
mad.  excel  in  horfempaihipi  thef  Ma 
very  dextrous  in  managing  4hit  )mm 
or  Aoofe }  and 'it  is  viry  mr«  to  UfiOmm 
miff  their  aim, .  though  at  &li  iiMoi« 
wkb  the  noofe,  which  they  thntw  49 
or  50  yards,  Wio  hatter  .the  objoft  .«P 
their  diverfion  or  revenge.    This  lunije 
is  naade  of  Uiongs  of  covybidet  tbcfe 
they  twift  with  oil,  till  ttodered  rfuiylf^ 
and  pliant  to  command  I  aiwl  fo  ftrQiw 
that,  when  twifted,  thev  will*  it  4s  f»id^ 
Jiold  a  wild  bull,  w^icn  would  bt«ak# 
halter  of  hemp  of  twice  the  thicikneft.  • 
The  foil  here  ia  fruitful,  abeiniiiios 
with  com  and  excellent  wiae«    T^ 
frnit  trees  bear  fo  luxuriaptfay  hare,  thait 
they  are  forced  to  thii.- the  fruit,  otheii- 
wi^  the  bnmches  would  break,  imr 
could  the  fruit  come  to  ntaturity.  Tbifi 
city  has  a  church  and  fix  very  famous 
monafteries}  but  the  dNVvlling  bwfep 
make  ho  great  appearance.    Here  the 
women  go  out  in  the  night  to  toe  flwp*, 
to  buy  fuch  neceflfariet  as  they  wmt  £pr 
their  families,  it  being  contrary  to  the 
cuftom  of  this  countiy  for  women  ^' 
any  character,  to  go  abroad  in  the  day- 
time on  fuch  affairs.     It  is  an  Ofter* 
town }  and  the  few  batteries  it  has,  ,acp 
kept  in  very  indifferent  order. 

Co.NC HUGOS,  a  jurilUiC^ion  in  the 
empire  of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  und«r 
the  archbifliop  of  Lima ;  it  begins  4p 
leagiKS  N.  N.  £.  of  the  metropolis,  «^i 
runs  along  the  center  of  the  Cordillera. 
It  produces  fruits,  grain,  &c.  and  af- 
fords extenfive  pafture  for  cattle  of  «|1 
kinds.  Several  branches  of  the  Vrool. 
len  manufe^tory  are  ca.tied  on  h^re, 
which  conftitute  its  ^reateft  commerce 
with  the  other  provinces. 

CONCORP,  a  |»oft  town  of  New- 
Hampfliire,  very  fluiuifhing,  and  plea- 
fantly  fituatedon  the  W.  bank  of  Mer- 
rimack  river,  in  Rockingham  co.  8  mil<is 
above  Hookfet  falls.  The  leglfiature, 
of  latt,  have  commonly  held  their, ftf- 
fions  here;  and  from  its  central  Situa- 
tion, aiul  a  thrivini;  bask  countfy,  it 

will 


tt« 


t  o  » 


401  pthMf 
ml  cir  tomnn 


j^awmment.  Much  w  the  trade 
•f  tile  erpfier  cmmtiy  centera  here.  A 
'"  mc  toll  bridge  acroA  the  Meni' 
c«  conneOii  this  town  with  Pem-' 
It  has  1747  inhabitants^,  and 
I  tncerporatect  in  1 765.  The  Indian 
taflta  was  Pimtntk.  It  was  granted  by 
MaAchufetts,  and  called  Rumfittt. 
The  com^ft  part  of  the  town  contains 
about  tja  hotifes*  a  congregational 
churcht  ind  an  academy,  which  was  tn. 
Cprporated  in  1790.  It  is  54  miles  W« 
N.  W.  of  rortrmouth,  $9  S.  W<  of 
Sartmonth  college^  and  70  nort!iward 
firom  Bf^on^  N«  lat.  43.  i a.  W.  long. 
71.  S9. 

CoNCORO*  in  Efle*  CO.  Vermont, 
Ike  on  ConneAictit  river,  oppofite  a  poit 
of  the  I5.milt  falls. 

^ONCOKD,  in  Maflachnretts,  a  poft 
tthm,  one  of  the  moft  confiderable 
towns  in  Middlefex  co.  iituated  onCon- 
coad  river,  in  a  healthy  and  plea&nt 
fyotf  nearly  in  the  center  of  the  coiin* 
ty,  and  it  miles  N.  W.  of  BoiM* 
and  17  £.  of  Lancafter.  Its  Indian 
Mune  was  Mufqueteoutd }  and  it  owes 
its  prefent  name  to  the  peaceable  man- 
«cr  in  which  it  was  obtained  from  the 
natives.  The  firft  fettiers,  among  whom 
were  the  Rev.  Meflrs.  Buckley  and 
Jcmes,  having  iiettled  the  purchafe,  ob- 
tuned  an  aA  of  incorporation,  Sept.  3, 
1635)  and  this  was  the  moft  diftant 
^tlcment  from  the  fea-lhore  of  New- 
England  at  that  time.  The  fettlers 
never  had  any  conteft  with  the  Indians ; 
and  only  three  perfons  were  ever,  killed 
by  them  within  the  limits  of  the  town. 
In  1791,  there  were  in  this  townfliip 
sa5  dwelling  houfes,  and  1590  inhabi- 
tants {  of  the  latter  there  were  80  per- 
Ions  upwards  of  70  yea.s old.  For  1 3 
years  previous  to  1791,  the  average 
number  of  deaths  was  17  j  one  in  tour 
of  whom  were  70  years  old  and  up- 
wards. The  public  buildings  are,  a 
congreeational  chivch,  a  fpacioos  (lone 
gaol,  the  beft  in  New-England,  and  a 
very  handfome  county  court-houfi;. 
The  town  is  accommodated  with  three 
convenient  bridges  over  the  river  j  one 
of  which  is  ao6  feet  loi^,  and  18  feet 
wide,  fupported  by  1  a  piers,  built  after 
the  mtjiner  of  Charles  river  bridge. 
This  town  is  famous  in  the  hiflory  of 
the  revolution,  having  been  the  feat  of 
the  fMWrindal  coogreu  in  1774,  and  the 


CONf 

ipoc  wneiv  cnc  nnc  oppuunon  wav 
made  to  the  ftitHh  troope»  on  the  lut* 
morable  19th  of  Aprif;  1775.  The 
general  couit  ha««  firM(iicntly  iJeM  their 
fttCicni  here  when  contagious  dlftafce 
hate  prevailed  in  (he  eajntal.    M;  lat. 

Concord^  a  fmall  river  of  Maflh- 
chnfettst  fbrnied  of  tweibranches,  which 
unite  near  the  centre  of  the  town  of 
Concord,  whence  it  takes  ita  coarfe  ill 
a  N.  E4  and  N«  direAion  through  Bcd« 
fonl  and  Billerica,  and  empties  itfelf  in« 
to  Merrimack  R.  at  Tewkfbury.  Con* 
cord  R.  is  remarkable  for  the  gentlenefa 
of  its  current,  which  is  fcarcelyperceiV'* 
able  by  the  eye.  At  low  wktcr  nrark  it 
is  from  100  to  leo  feet  wide,  and  from 
3  to  I  s  feet  deep.  During  floods,  Con» 
cord  R.  is  near  a  mile  in  oreadth ;  and 
when  viewed  fiom  the  town  of  Con- 
cord, makes  a  fine  appearance. 

Concord,  a  townfhip  in  Delaware 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Concord,  a  fettlement  in  Oeorgia» 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Miflifippi,  about 
a  mile  from  the  S.  Ime  of  Tcnneflce,  lot 
miles  N.  firom  the  nknith  of  Yasoo  R. 
and  ai8  below  the  Ohio.  N.  lat.  33. 
55.  W.  long.  91.  85. 

CoNDB,  Fort,  or  MMU  tiht  i*  f>- 
tuated  on  the  W.  fide  of  Mobile  bay, 
in  Weft-Florida,  about  40  miles  above 
its  mouth  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico*  N* 
lat.  30.  41.  W.  long.  S7.  57. 

CoNDBCEDO,  a  cape  or  promontorf 
of  N.  America,  in  the  pnvmce  of  Yu- 
catan, 100  miles  W.  of  Merida.  N. 
lat.  so.  50.  W.  long.  91.  ay. 

CONDBSUYOS  DE  ARE^VIPA,  aju. 

rifdiAion  under  the  bifhopmAreouipaB 
30  leagues  N.  of  that  city,  in  Peru. 
Here  is  cultivated  the  wild  cochinealt 
the  Indians  carry  on  a  great  trade  with 
this  article ;  they  grind  it-  and  mix  four 
ounces  of  it  with  is  ounces  of  violet- 
maite,  of  which  thev  form  cakes  of  4 
ounces  each,  and  fell  it  for  a  dollar  a 
pound.  Thefe  cakes  they  call  magnos* 
This  place  alfo  abounds  with  gold  and 
fiiver  mines,  which  are  not  fb<carefully 
worked  as  formerly. 

CoNDtrsKEEo,  a  fettlement  in  the 
diftriA  of  Maine,  in  Hancock  co.  con« 
uining  567  inhabitants. 

CoNBCocHEAOVB  CVv/l,  rifes  near 
Mercerf  burg,Franklin  co.  Penpiyivaniav 
rtms  foutheriy  in  a  winding  courfe,  and 
after  fupplying  a  nwmbcr  M  mills,  emp- 

lira 


<Wt  Into  the  PotowiMck,  at  WilllMii 
port,  in  WafliingtoR  co.  Marylmd  t  19 
milet  S.  E.  of  llucock,  and  t  Ailts  8. 
of  the  PennTylvania  linf . 

CoNBMAVOH  Riwf,  and  Little  Co- 
nemAiigh»  are  the  head  waters  of  Kif- 
kemanitat,  in  Pennfylvania  i  after  uaf- 
Ctng  through  Laurel  bill  and  Chefnut 
ridge,  Concmaugh  takes  that  name  and 
empties  M»to  the  Alleghany,  19  miles 
N.  E.  of  Pittfturg.  It  is  navigable  for 
boats^  and  there  is  a  portage  of  18 
miles  between  it  and  the  Frankftown 
branch  of  Juniata  river. 

CoKaNTES,  Las,  a  city  of  La  Plata 
or  Paraguay,  in  S.  America,  in  the  dio- 
cefe  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

CONESTEO,  a  N.  weftem  branch  of 
Tioga  R.  in  New- York.  See  Cmico- 
dt»  Cretk, 

CoNESTOOA,  a  townfliip  in  Lancaf- 
ter  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

CoNEaus,  a  (mall  lake  in  the  Ge- 
neflee  countiy,  N.  York,  which  (ends 
its  waters  N.  W.  to  GeneiTee  river. 

CONGARIB,  a  coniiderable  river  of 
8.  Carolina,  fbrmed  by  the  confluence 
of  Saluda  and  Broad  rivers.  The 
tinion  of  the  waters  of  Cong^i'ee  and 
Wateree,  form  the  Santee. 

CoNHOCTOM  Creek,  in  New- York, 
is  the  northern  head  water  of  Tioga  R. 
l^ear  itf  mouth  is  the  fettlement  called 
Bath. 

Connecticut,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  North- America,  called  by  the 
ancient  natives  StutmihticuU  is  iitu- 
ated  between  41*  and  4s.  a.  N.  lat.  and 
between  7*.  to.  ard  7).  15.  W.  long. 
Its  greateft  breadth  is  ^%  miles,  its 
length  100  miles  J  bounded  N.  by 
Maflachu&tts)  E.  by  Rhode  L  {  S.  by 
the  found  which  divides  it  from  Long  I. 
and  W.  by  the  ftateof  New-York.  This 
ftate  contains  about  4674  fquare miles; 
equal  to  al)out  2,640,000  acres.  It  is 
divided  into  8  counties,  viz,  Fairfield, 
New-Haven,  Middlefex  and  New-Lon- 
don, which  extend  along  the  found 
from  W.  to  E.  j  Litchfield,  Hartford, 
Tolland,  and  Windham,  extend  in  the 
fame  dire£lion  on  the  herder  of  the 
Ihte  of  MaflTachufetts.  The  counties 
are  divided  and  fubdivlded  into  town- 
fhips  and  parifhes }  in  eaoh  cf  which  is 
one  or  more  places  of  public  worship, 
and  fcheoi-houfesatconvententdiftances. 
The  nimiber  of  townfhips  is  about 
lee*    Each  towofhip  is  a  corporation 


CdN 


l« 


invefted  ^th  powvra  ftifficitnt  finr  1^ 
own  internal  regulation.  The  nnmlxr 
of  rcprefentatives  is  (ometimM  iSoj  bvt 
more  cbmmonly  about  iCo }  anrnMbcr 
fully  adequate  lo  legiilate  for  a  wife  and 
virtuous  people,  well  Informed,  ani 
jealous  of  thetr  rights ;  and  .whofia  «k« 
temal  circumf^neeatipproach  nearer  to 
equality  than  thofe,  perhaps,  of  any 
other  pieople  in  a  fbte  of  clvilization»  ii 
the  world. 

The' principal  rivers  m  this  ftate  utg 
ConneAicut,  Houfatonick^  the  Tharaea* 
and  their  branches,  which,  wkh  fuck 
others  as  are  woi'thy  of  notice,  will  b« 
defcribed  under  their  refpeCktveiiunes.^ 

The  whole  of  the  fea-coaft  is  indent- 
ed  with  harbours,  many  of  which  an 
fafe  and  commodious }  thofe  of  Mew- 
London  and  New-Haven  are  the  mott 
important.  This  ftate  fends  fcvcnue* 
prefentatives  to  Congrefs. 

ConneAicut,  though  fubjeft  to  ^ 
extremes  of  heat  and'ookl,  in  their  faM> 
Cons,  and  to  frequent  fudden  chanaes* 
is  very  healthful.  It  is  generally  bruECft 
land,  made  up  of  mountains,  hilla 
and  vallies;  and  is  cxcacdingly  well 
watered.  Some  fmail  parts  of  it  ave 
thin  and  barren.  Its  prmcipal  pixxhic^ 
tions  are  Indian  com,  rye,  wneat  in 
many  parts  of  the  fx^te,  oats,  and  Immv 
ley,  which  are  heavy  and  good,  and  of 
late,  buck  wheat— 4Iax  in  large  qinui^ 
ties— fbme  hemp,  potatoes  of  fevenA 
kinds,  puinpkins,  turnips,  peas,  bean«» 
&c.  &c.  Fruits  of  all  kinos  which  aw 
common  to  the  climate.  The  foil  la 
very  well  calculated  for  pafhirage  and 
mowing,  which  enables  the  fanners  t» 
feed  lai'ge  numbers  of  neat  cattle  and 
horfes. 

The  trade  of  Connefticut  is  princU 
pally  with  the  Weft- India  iflands,  and 
IS  carried  on  in  vefTels  from  60  to  149 
tons.  The  exports  confift  of  horfes, 
mules,  oxen,  oak  ftaves,  hoops,  pine 
boards,  oak  plank,  beans,  Indian  com, 
ftfh,  beef,  pork,  &c.  Horfes,  live  cattle^ 
and  lumber,  are  permitted  in  the  Dutch, 
Danifh,  and  Fi-ench  ports.  A  large 
number  of  coatling  veflels  are  employed 
in  carrying  the  produce  of  the  ftate  to 
other  ftates.  To  Rhode- Ifland,  MafGu 
chufetts,  and  New-Hampfhire,  they 
carry  pork,  wheat,  com  and  rye— T« 
North  and  South  Carolina,  and  Gcor* 
gia,  butter,  cheefe,  falted  beef,  cyder, 
apples,  potatoes,  hay,  5cc.  and  reeeiv* 

in 


ff» 


CON 


|iinetiM»«ric<|U)dii»nidii^aiMV.  But 
•I  Mtur.yorkti  nuanr,  w4  toe  ftatc 
fsi  ih»  qwriift*  »lw»y«  wnll  known, 
fMM^  of  tho  produce  of  Omm&kntt 
iOfie^aHy  of 'tm  wcftncn  pwu,  is  cw- 
fm  tltti«i  pvticukrly  .pot  and  peail 
Jd|w«>  fltt  fiwd)  beef,  pork,  chcefe  wid 
Ituttcr,  in  Urjie  ^u^ittMii.  Moft  of 
<lic  prodjMc  oTCoAneAicut  river  iSrom 
^  INin^  of  AfaffidkuAttt,  New-Hamp- 
Ihire  and  Vermont,  aa  well  aa  of  Con- 
^Mftiqit,  which  are  adjacent,  goea  to 
jdiej(il^  market.  Confiderable  quan- 
^Itllea  of  the  produce  of  the  caftem  parti 
iOf  fbc  jftate,  ai!e  marketed  at  Bofton, 
Pkoridenee,  and  Norwich.  The  value 
jnf  dK  whole  exported  produce  and 
•comniipditiea<from  thii  ftate,  before  the 
.jecar  1774,  waa  then  cftimated  at  about 
lC.aoo,ooo  lawful  money,  annually.  In 
Jtbe  y«ur  ending  Sept.  30,  1791,  the 
amount  of  foreign  exports  was  710,340 
4(hU«.  bcfidet  articles  carried  to  different 
4prts  of  the  United  States,  to  a  great 
Xmpunt.  In  the  year  179a — 749,9>/i 
4^a.p--rtn  the  year  179J — 770,139 
dolls,  xnd  in  the  year  1794—806,746 
dolls.  This  ftate  owns  and  empioya 
JQthe  foneign  and  coafting trade,  3»,S9ir 
twa  of  (hipplnp;. 

.TWfiiriaerB  in.Conne6licut,  and  their 
inmUiea,  are  moftlv  clothed  in  plain, 
dccentyJuMneTpun  cbth.  Their  linens 
mtd  woollens  are  manufaiElured  in  the 
Amil^  way}  and  although  they  are 
generally  of  a  coarferkina,  they  are  of 
(a  .ftronger  texture,  and  much  more  du- 
fubk-tinnthofe  imported  from  France 
■Ml  Great-Briuin.  Mai^  of  their 
cloths  are  fine  and  handfome.  Here  are 
Jaige  orchards  of  mulberry  trees  ;  and 
fiIk>worms  have  been  reared  fo  fuccefl** 
ipUy,  as  to  promtfe,  not  only  a  furnily 
pf  iilk  to  the  inhabitants,  but  a  fur* 
pluflage  for  ocportation. 

In  New-Haven,  are  linen  and  button 
nuunufaAories.  In  Hartford,  a  woollen 
ynanu&£tory  has  been  eftabliAied  ;  like- 
yri(v  glafs  works,  a  fnuflf  and  pow«ler 
mill,  iron  works,  and  a  flitting  mill. 
Inw  works  are  eftablilhed  alfo  at  SalU- 
bury,  Norwich,  and  other  parts  of  the 
ftate.  At  Stafford  is  a  furnace  at  which 
are  made  large  quantities  of  hollow 
ware,  and  other  ironmongei7,  I'ufficient 
to  fuupiy  the  whole  ftate*  Paper  is 
maoufaftured  at  Norwich,  Harttbrd, 
New.Havcn,  and  in  Litchfteld  county. 
Iranmoogery,   hata,  candka,  ^ber. 


Qton  and  boou.  wt  mm^t&fiml  i> 
this  #ue.  A  duck  maminAoiy  haa 
been  c/^bKibad  at  Stratfbvd. 

The  ftate  of  ConncAkut  b  bid  oit 
in  fiaairfarms,  from  50  to  390  l^ai  4^ 
acres  each,  which  are  held  fy  .th^fiurm- 
era  in  fee  ftms^i  and  are  generally  well 
cultivated.  Theftata  is  chequeretk  with 
innumerable  roada  or  Ughwaya  crpfling 
each  other  in  every  dinAion.  A  tra< 
veller  in  any  of  thefe  roada,  even  in  tha 
moft  unfettled  parte  of  the  ftate,  will 
lieldom  pafs  more  than  two  or  thnet 
miles  without  finding  a  houle  or  cot- 
tage, and  a  farm  under  fuch  improve- 
ments, as  to  afford  the  neceflSuries  for 
the  fupport  of  a  family.  The  whole 
ftate  reiemblea  a  well  culturatedjEarden, 
which,  with  that  de^ree.of  induftry  that 
is  neceffary  to  happuieft,  prqduces  the 
necefltu-iea  and  conveniences  of  life  in 
great  plenty. 

The  inhabitanta  are  almoft  entirely 
of  £ngUfti  defcent.  There  are  no 
Dutch,  French,  or  Germane,  and  very 
few  Scotch  or  Irifli  people,  in  any  part 
of  the  ftateJ  The  original  ftock  trom 
which  have  fbrung  all  the  prefimt  in. 
lubitants  of  ConndElictit,  and  the  nu- 
rtRrous  emigrants  from  the  ftate,  to 
every  part  of  the  U.  Sutes,  confiftcd  of 
3000  fouls,  who  fettled  in  the  towns  of 
Hartford,  New-Haven,  Wjndfor,  Guil- 
ford, Milford  and  Wethersfield,  j^ut 
the  years  1635  and  1636.  In  1756,  the 
population  of  the  ftate  amounted  to 
130,611  fouIs{  in  1774,  to  197,8561 
in  178a,  to  101,877  whitea,  and  6)«73 
Indiana  and  negroes}  in  1790,  to 
*37>946perfens,  of  whoni  •764  were 
flaves. 

The  people  of  CoraieAicut  are  re- 
markably tbnd  of  having  all  their  dif- 
Eutes,  even  thofe  of  the  moft  trivial 
ind,  fettled  J^ccording  to  law.  The 
)>rcvalence  of  this  litigious  fpirit,  af- 
fords employment  anid  fupport  for  a 
numerous  body  <^  lawyers.  That 
party  fpirit,  however,  which  is  the  bane 
of  political  happ!'-...rs,  haa  not  raged 
with  fuch  violence  in  this  ftate,  as  in 
Maflachufetts  and  Rhode  Ifland.  Pub- 
lie  proceedings  have  been  conduced  ge- 
nerally with  muchcalmnefs  and  candour. 
The  j)cople  are  well  informed  in  regaixl 
to  their  rights,  and  judicious  in^he 
methods  they  adopt  to  fecutc  them. 
The  ftate  enjoys  an  uncommon  fliare  of 
political  tranquillity  and  unanimity. 


1 


All  religlito«>  that  an  eonfiftent  with 
the  peace  of  ibeiety,  are  tolerated  ill 
Conneaieuti  aikl  i  fpirit  of  liberality 
and  cathoKcifln  it  increaftn^;  There  arc 
very  fbw  reKgiom  fcAa  in  this  ftatc. 
The  balk  of  the  people  are  Congrega. 
tionalifte.  Befidet  thefe,  there  arcEpif- 
copaliant  and  Baptifts.  ^ 

The  damage  fuftained  by  this  ftatc 
in  the  late  war,  was  eftimated  at 
4(i,«35l.  i6s.  td.  To  compenrate 
the  Aifferers,  the  General  Couit.  in 
May  i79«.  granted  them  500,000  acres 
of  the  weftem  part  of  the  rc(crved  lands 
of  Conne^icut,  which  lie  weft  of  Penn« 
iylvania* 

There  are  a  great  number  of  very 
pleafant  towns,  both  maritime  and 
inland,  in  Connefticut.  It  contains  five 
cities,  incorporated  withextenfivejurif- 
di£lion  in  civil  caufes.  Two  of  thefe 
Haitford  and  New-Haveh,  are  capitals 
of  the  ftate.  The  General  AlTembly  is 
holden  at  the  fomntr  hi  May,  and  at  the 
latter  in  0£lobei',  annually.  The  other 
cities  are  New-London,  Norwich  and 
Middleton.  Weathersiield,  Windfor, 
Farmington,  Litchfield,  Milford,  Strat. 
fold,  Fairfield,  Gailford,  Stamford, 
Windham,  Suffield  and  Enfield,  are  all 
confiderable  and  very  pleafant  towns. 

In  no  part  of  the  world  is  the  educa* 
tion  of  all  ranks  of  people  more  attend- 
ed to  than  in  Connenicut.  Almbft 
every  town  in  the  ftate  is  divided  into 
difti-i£l«,  and  each  diftri^  has  a  public 
fchool  kept  in  it  at  a  greater  or  leis  part 
of  every  year.  Somewhat  more  than 
one  third  of  the  monies  arifing  from  a 
tax  on  the  polls  and  rateable  eftate  of 
the  inhabitants,  is  appropriattJ  to  the 
I'upport  of  fchools  in  the  feveral  towns, 
for  the  education  of  children  and  youth. 
The  law  dire£^s  that  a  grammar  fchool 
fliall  be  kept  in  every  county  town 
throughout  the  ftate. 

Yale  College  is  an  eminent  feminary 
of  learning,  and  was  founded  in  the 
year  1700.     See  Ta/e  College. 

Academies  have  been  eliablifhed  at 
Greenfield,  Platnfield,  Norwich,  Wind- 
ham, and  Pomfret,  fome  of  which  are 
flourifliing. 

The  conftitutton  of  Connecticut  is 
founded  on  'their  charter,  which  was 
granted  bv  Chaiies  II.  in  i66t,  and  on 
a  law  of  the  ftate.  Contented  with  this 
form  of  government,  the  people  have 
uut  been  difpofed  to  run  the  hasard  of 


CON  K15 

conftitution  finca  tbt  de> 


fhniinf  •  I 

cbration  of  Independence. 

Agreeable  io  wit  charter,  dNt  fii|ireni^ 
legithdvc  authority  of  the  ftate  is  vdtcd 
in  a  governor,  deputy  governor^  twelve 
afllftants  or  oounfellors,  and  the  itpre> 
fentativea  of  the  people,  ftyled  the 
General  Aflemblyt  The  governor^  de- 
puty governor  and  afliftantsareahtoually 
chofen  by  the  freemen  in  the  mohth  of 
May.  The  reprefcntatiVes  (their  num- 
ber not  to  exceed  twb  from  each  town) 
are  chofen  bv  the  fireenien  twice  a  year* 
to  attend  tnc  two  annual  feftions,  on 
the  fecond  Tuefdavs  of  May  and  Oifto- 
ber.  The  General  Aflemhly- is  divided 
into  two  branches,  called  the  upper  and 
lower  houfes.  The  upper  noufe  is 
compofed  of  the  governor)  deputy  go- 
vermor  and  aftiftants*  The  lower  houfh 
of  the  rrpre(entatives  of  the  people. 
No  law  c&n  pafs  without  the  conciir* 
rence  of  both  houles. 

ConneAicut  has  ever  made  rapid  ad« 
vances  in  population.  There  have  been 
mote  ertiigrationa  fixHn  this,  than  from 
any  of  the  other  ftates }  and  yet  it  it  at 
prefent  full  of  inhabitants.  This  in- 
creafe  may  be  afcribed  to  feveral  cauieti 
The  bulk  of  the  inhabitants  are  indtif- 
I  trious,  fagacious  hufliandmen.  Their' 
farms  fiimifli  them  with  all  the  necefta- 
ries,  moft  of  the  conveniences,  ah'i  but 
few  ef  the  luxuries  of  life^  They,  of 
courfe,  muft  be  generally  temperate,  and 
if  they  choofe,  can  fubnft  with  at  much 
independence  aa  is  confiftent  with  hap- 
pinelSi  The  fubfiftence  of  the  farmer 
IS  fubftiantial,  and  does  not  depend  oik 
incidental  circumAancet,  like  that  of 
moft  other  orofefltdns.  '  There  it  no 
neceffity  of  (erving  an  apprenticefhip  to 
the  bufinefs,  nor  of  a  large  ftock  of 
money  to  commence  it  to  advatitage* 
Farmers,  who  deal  much  iu  barter,  have 
iefs  need  of  money  than  atiy  other  clafs 
of  people.  The  eaib'With  which  a 
comfortable  fubfiftence  is  obtained,  In- 
duces the  hufbandmab  to  marrv  young. 
The  cultivation  of  his  farm  makes  him 
ftrong  and  healthful.  He  toils  cheerful- 
ly through  the  day— eats  the  fruit  of 
his  own  labour  with  a  gladfome  heart— 
at  night  devoutly  thanks  his  bounteous 
God  for  his  daily  ble(fings->-retiret  to 
reft,  and  his  fleep  is  fweet.  Such  cir- 
cumftances  as  thefe  have  greatly  con- 
tributed to  the  amazing  increale  of  in- 
habitants in  thit  ftate.  Bcfidcs,  the 
H  people 


4»4 


CON 


' 


fMfkt  \m  voder  »  ftee  fgannmait 
and  have  no  fear  of  a  tyrant.  There 
•re  no  ovdrgrowa  eftates»  with  rich  and 
•mbitioue  landlordtt  to  have  an  undue 
and  Bcrnicioui  influence  in  the  elcAion 
of  cml  officers.  Property  is  equally 
enough  dividcdi  and  muft  continue  to 
be  fo»  as  long  as  eflates  defccnd  as  they 
BOW  do.  No  perfon  is  prohibited  from 
voting.  He  who  has  the  moft  merit', 
not  he  who  has  the  moft  money,  is 
nnerally  chofen  into  public  office.  As 
mHances  of  this*  it  is  to  hi  obferved, 
that  many  of  the  citizens  of  Connecti- 
cut* fiv>m  the  humble  walks  of  life, 
have  arifen  to  the  firft  pffices  in  the  ftate, 
and  filled  them  with  dignity  and  repu- 
tation.^ That^  bafe  bufuiefs  of  elec- 
tioneering, which  is  To  dire£lly  calcu- 
hted  to  introduce  wicked  anddefigning 
men  into  office,  is  yet  but  little  known 
id  ConneAicut,  A  man  who  withes  to  be 
chofen  into  office,  aAs  wiieiy,  for  that 
end»  when  he  keeps  his  defires  to  him- 
Mf. 

A  thirft  for  learning  prevails  among 
•11  ranks  of  people  in  the  ftate.  More 
cf  the  young  men  in  ConneAicut,  in 
proportion  to  their  numbers,  receive  a 

Sublic  education,  than  in  any  of  the 
ates. 

Th«  revolution,  which  fo  eiTentially 
•ffi(£ked  the  government  of  moft  of  the 
colonies,  produced  no  very  perceptible 
alteration  in  the  government  of  Con- 
nefticut.  While  under  the  jurifdiftion 
of  Great-Britain,  they  eleAed  their  own 
governors,  and  all  fubordinate  civil  offi- 
cers, and  mode  their  own  laws,  in  the 
fame  manner,  and  with  as  little  control 
•s  they  now  do.  Connecticut  has  ever 
been  a  republic ;  and  perhaps  as  pericCl 
and  as  happy  a  republic  as  has  ever 
exifted.  Wnile  other  ftates,  more  mo- 
narchical in  their  government  and  man- 
ners, have  been  under  a  neceflity  of  tni- 
dertaking  the  difficult  tafk  of  altering 
their  old,  or  forming  new  conftitutions, 
and  of  clianging  their  monarchical  for 
republicnn  -nanners,  Connecticut  has 
uninterruptedly  proceeded  in  her  old 
track,  both  as  jto  government  and  man- 
nerti ;  aiKl,  hv  thefc  means,  has  avoided 
tholi?  convtiirions  which  have  rent  odier 
ftates  into  violent  parties. 

The  prelent  territory  of  Connefiicut, 
at  rht?  time  of  tne  firft  arrival  of  the 
Engltft),  was  pofidled  by  the  Peqiiut, 
tbe  Mohegan,  rodnnky  and  many  other  ( 


CON 

fmaller  tribat  of  Indians.  In  1 774  tbcre 
were  of  the  defcendanta  of  the  ancient 
natives,  only  1363  pcrfims )  the  greater 
part  of  whom  lived  at  MohcMn>  be- 
tween Norwich  and  Ncw-Loudoh. 
From  the  natural  decrcafe  of  tUe  Indi- 
ans, it  is  imagined  that  their  number  in 
this  Rate  do  not  now  exceed  400. 

The  firft  grant  of  Connefticut  was 
made  by  the  Plymouth  council  to  the 
Earl  of  Warwick,  in  1630.  The  year 
following  the  Earl  affiened  this  grant  to 
Lord  Say  and  Seal,  Lord  Bi-ook,  and 
nine  others.  Some  Indian  traders  fet- 
tled at  Windfor  in  1633.  The  fame 
year,  a  little  before  the  arrival  of  the 
EngliOi,  a  few  Dutch  traders  fettled  at 
Hartford,  and  the  remains  of  the  fettle- 
ment  are  ftill  vifible  on  the  bank  of  Con- 
necticut river.  .In  1634,  Lord  Say  and 
Seal,  &c.  fent  over  a  fmall  number  of 
men,  who  built  a  fort  at  Saybrook, 
and  made  a  treaty  with  the  Pequot  In- 
dians for  the  lands  on  CpnneCticut  R. 
Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr.  Hooker  left 
Maflachuletts-bay  in  1634,  and  fettled 
at  Hartford.  The  following  year  Mr. 
Eaton  and  Mr.  Davenport  feated  them- 
felves  at  New-Haven. 

In  1644,  the  Connecticut  adventurerl 
purchaTrJi  of  Mr.  Fer  Nick,  agent  for 
Lord  &ay  and  Seal,  and  LOrd  Brook, 
their  right  to  the  colony,  for  ^.1600. 

Connecticut  and  New.Haven  conti- 
nued two  diftinCt  governments  for  many 
years.  At  length,  John  Winthrop, 
Efq.  who  had  been  chofen  governor  of 
ConneCMcut,  was  employed  to  iblicit  a 
rcyal  charter.  In  1662,  Charles  II. 
granted  a  charter,  conftituting  the  two 
colonies  for  ever  one  body  corpoi-ate 
and  politic,  by  the  name  of  **  The  go- 
vernor and  company  of  Connecticut." 
New-Haven  took  the  aftair  ill ;  but  in 
1665,  all  difficulties  were  amicably  ad- 
jufted ;  and  as  has  been  already  obferv- 
ed,  this  charter  ftill  continues  to  be  the 
bafis  of  their  government. 

Connecticut,  the  moft  confider- 
able  river  in  the  eaftern  part  of  the  Unit- 
ed States,  rifes  in  the  highlands  which 
U-parate  the  itates  ot  Vermont  and  New- 
Hampfliire  t' om  L<  wer  Canada.  It  has 
been  fui'veyed  about  15  miles  beyond 
the  45th  degree  of  latitude,  to  the  head 
i'pring  of  its  nortium  branch;  from 
which,  to  its  mouth,  is  upwards  ot  300 
miles,  through  a  thick  fettled  country } 
luving  upon  its  bonks  a  great  number 

of 


CON 

of  tfic  moft  flourilhing  and  pleflftht 
towna  in  the  United  State*.  It  ia  fnrni 
to  to  foe  rods  wide,  130  milea  from  ita 
0Kmth;  Its  courfe  between  Vermont 
and  New.Hampfhire  ia  nnerally  S.  S. 
W.  aa  lilcewife  through  Maflkchufetta, 
and  part  of  CoMncAicut,  until  it  reache* 
the  city  of  Middle^ion  {  after  which  it 
runt  a  S.  S.  £.  courfe  to  its  mouth. 
The  navigation  of  this  beautifiil  river, 
which,  like  the  Nile,  fertilizM  the  lands 
thro*  which  it  runs,  is  much  obfiruft- 
ed  by  falls.  Two  of  thefe  are  between 
New-Hamp(hire  and  Vermont,  the  firfl 
are  called  the  Fifteen  mile  falls.  Here 
the  river  is  rapid  for  ao  miles.  The  fe- 
cond  remarkable  tall  is  at  Walpole,  for- 
merly called  the  Gi-eat  Fall,  but  now 
named  Bellows*  Falls.  Above  thefe,  the 
breadth  of  the  river  is  in  fome  places,  »3, 
in  other  places  not  above  16  rods.  The 
depth  of  the  channel  is  about  15  feetj 
and  commonly  nms  full  of  water.  In 
Sept.  i79«,  however,  owine  to  the  fe- 
vere  drought,  the  water  of  the  river,  it 
is  faid,  '*  pafled  within  thefpaceof  12 
feet  wide,  and  a|  feet  deep."  A  large 
rock  divides  the  flream  into  two  chan- 
nels, each  about  90  feet  wide.  When 
the  river  is  low  the  eaftem  channel  is 
dry,  being  crofTed  by  a  folid  rock ;  and 
the  whole  ft:  sm  falls  into  the  weftem 
channel,  where  it  is  contraffed  to  the 
breadth  of  16  feet,  and  flows  with  af- 
tonilhing  rapidity.  There  are  fevt-ral 
pitches,  one  above  another,  in  the  length 
of  half  a  mile ;  the  hrgeft  of  which  is 
that  where  the  rock  divides  the  (Iream. 
A  bridge  of  timber  was  projeAed  over 
this  fall,  by  col.  Hale,  in  the  year  1784, 
36$  feet  long,  and  fupportcd  in  the 
middle  by  the  ifland  rock. ;  under  which 
the  hi&;heft  floods  pais  without  injuring 
it.  This  is  the  only  bridge  on  the  R. 
but  it  is  contemplated  to  ereft  another 
30  miles  above,  at  the  middle  bar  of 
Agar  Falls,  where  the  paffage  for  the 
water,  between  the  rocks,  is  above  ico 
feet  wide.  This  will  connect  the  towns 
of  Lebanon  in  N.  Hampfhire,  and  Hart- 
ford in  Vermont }  as  the  former  bridge 
connects  Walpole  in  N.  Hampfliire, 
with  Rockingham  in  Vermont.  Not- 
withftanding  the  velocity  of  the  cur- 
rent at  Bellows*  Falls,  above  defcribed, 
the  falmon  pais  up  the  river,  and  are 
taken  many  miles  above;  but  the' (had 
proceed  no  farther.  On  the  fteep  fides 
of  the  ifland  ro«k,  at  th^fl^l,  hang  fe. 


CON  Its 

veral  arm  chairs,  (etortd  by  a  ooimttc. 
poife;  in  thefe  the  fifhermen  fit  to  catch 
falmon  with  fifhing  nets.    In  the  courfipr; 
of  the  river  thronsh  Maflachufetta,  artQ 
the  falls  at  South-Hadly,  around  which». 
lock  and   canals  were   completed  in 
1795,  by  an  enterprifing  compinyf  in« . 
corporated  for  that  purpofe  in  i79a|  hf^f 
the  Lcgiflatui-e  of  MafTachufetto.    lu; 
ConneAicut  the  river  is  obflnifted  by 
falls  at  Enfield )  to  render  which,navt«i 
gable  in  boats,  a  company  has  been  in* 
corporated,  and  a  fum  of  money  raifed 
by  lottery,  but  nothins  effeAuai  is  yet 
done.   The  average  defcent  of  this  river 
from  Weathei'sfield  in  Vermont,    150 
miles  from  its  mouth,  is  two  feet  to  a 
mile,  according  to  the  barometical  ob* 
fervations  of  J.  Winthrop,  Efq.  made  in 
1786.    The   rivera  or  breams  which, 
fall  into  ConneAicut  R.  are  numerous) 
fuch  of  them  as  trt  worthy  of  notice 
will  be  feen  under  thtir  refpeflive  names* 

At  its  mouth  is  a  bar  of  fand  which 
confiderably  obftrufta  the  navigation} 
it  has  10  feet  water  on  it  at  full  tides, 
and  the  fame  depth  toMiddletbn,  from 
which  the  bar  is  36  miles  diftant.  Above 
Middleton,  there  are  fhoals  which  have 
only  6  feet  water  at  high  tide;  and  here 
the  tide  ebbs  and  flows  but  about  8 
inches.  Three  milea  above  that  city,  the 
river  is  contra£led  to  about  40  rods  in 
breadth,  by  two  high  mountains.  On 
almoft  eveiy  other  part  of  the  1  iver  the 
banks  are  low,  ana  fpread  into  fine  ex- 
tenfive  meadows.  In  4he  fpring  floods, 
which  generally  happen  in  May,  thefe. 
meadows  are  covered  with  water.  At 
Hartford,  the  water  fometimes  rifes  ao 
feet  above  the  common  furface  of  the 
river,  and' the  water  having  no  other 
outlet  but  the  above-mentioned  ftrait, 
it  is  fometimes  i  or  3  weeks  before  it 
returns  to  its  ufual  bed.  Thefe  fiooda 
add  nothing  to  the  depth  of  water  on 
the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  as  the 
bar  lies  too  far  off  in  the  found  to  be 
affefted  by  them.  This  river  is  navi- 
gable to  Hartford  city,  upwards  of  50 
miles  fi'om  its  mouth ;  and  the  produce 
of  the  country  for  200  miles  above  it  is 
brought  thither  in  boats.  The  boats 
which  are  ufcd  in  this  hufmefs  aie  flat- 
bottomed,  long  and  narrow,  and  of  fo 
light  a  make  as  to  be  portable  in  carts. 
Before  the  conftru£lion  of  locks  and 
canaU  on  this  river,  they  were  taken  out 
,  at  three  diflferent  carrying  places,  all  or 

H  a  which 


ti6 


COO 


which  made  15  milei.  It  U  eipc6lccl 
that  In  •  few  years  the  obftruAiom  will 
be  all  removed.  Sturgeon,  fiilmont  and 
dmdt  are  caught  in  plenty  in  their  Tea- 
it.  n,  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  up- 
wards,  excepting  fturgeon,  which  do 
net  aiccnd  tne  upper  nlls)  bcTidefl  a 
variety  of  fmall  fin,  fuch  at  pilie,  carp, 
perch,  &^> 

There  is  yet  a  ftrong  expeAation  of 
opening  a  communication  between  this 
nver  and  the  Memmaclc,  through  Su* 
gar  R.  which  runs  into  tiie  ConiwAicut 
at  Claremont  in  N.  Hampshire,  and  the 
Contoocook,  which  falls  into  the  Mer- 
rimack at  Bofcawen. 

From  this  river  were  employed  in 
1789,  three  brigs,  of  180  tons  each,  in 
the  European  trade )  and  about  60  fail, 
horn  60  to  1 5b  tons,  in  the  W.  India 
trade,  beiides  a  few  fifliermen,  and  40 
or  50  coafling  vefTels.  The  number  has 
oonfiderably  mcreaied  flnce. 

CONNBCTICUT,  a  ftream  in  Long 
Ifland,  N.  York,  which  falls  into  a  bay 
at  the  S.  fide  of  the  ifland.  It  lies  1 
miles  to  the  fouthward  of  Rockonkama 
pond. 

Continental  f^iUage,  was  (ituated 
on  North  R.  in  New. York  ftate.  Be- 
fcre  its  deflruaion  by  Sir  Henry  C!  i- 
ton,  in  0€t.  1777,  there  were  here  bar- 
racks for  ft,ooo  men. 

C0NVSR8ATION  Point,  a  head  land 
on  the '  S.  fide  of  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
California.  N.  lat.  3a.  ^o.W.long.  119. 

Conway,  a  townfhip  in  the  province 
of  New-Bnmfwick,  Sudbury  co.  on  the 
wefteni  bank  of  St.  John's  R.  It  has 
the  bay  of  Fundy  on  the  S.  aixl  at  the. 
weftemmoft  point  of  the  townfhip  there 
is  a  pretty  good  harbour  called  Muf- 
quafh  cove. 

Conway,  a  townfhip  in  the  N<  E. 
corner  of  StraiFord  co.  Ncw-Hampfliire, 
on  a  bend  in  Saco  river,  incorporated, 
in  1765,  and  contains  574  in^uibitants. 
It  was  called  Pigwacket  by  the  Indians. 

Conway,  a  thriving  townfhip  in 
Hampfhii-e  co.  Maflachufetts,  incorpo- 
rated in  1767,  and  contains  2092  inha- 
bit:mt8.  Tt  lies  13  miles  N.  W.  of 
Northampton,  and  115  N.  W.  by  W. 
of  Bofton. 

CoNYA,  a  riverin  Suiinam,  or  Dutch 
Guiana,  S.  America. 

'700L00ME,  an  Indian  town  fituated 
on  the  W.  fide  of  Talapoofe  JR.  a 
iManch  of  the  JMobile. 


COO 

C00ic*t  Jt.  in  the  N.  W.  tfnff  of  H. 
America,  lies  N.  W.  of  PrineeWilliam*t 
(bund,  and  1000  miles  N.  W.  dFNoot. 
ka  found.  N.  lat.  59.  )o.  W.  long. 
153.  ts.  and  promifet  to  vie  with  the 
moft  cenfidcranle  ones  already  known; 
It  was  traced  by  Capt.  Cook  for  *i* 
miles  from  the  mouth,  aa  hirii  u  N. 
lat.  61.  30.  and  fo  far  aa  is  difcovered, 
opens  a  very  confiderable  in||ind  navi^ 
gation  by  its  various  branches.  The  in- 
habitants feemed  to  be  of  the  fame  race 
with  thofe  of  Prince  William  found  { 
and  like  them  had  glafs  beads  and 
knives,  and  were  alto  clothnl  in  fine 
furs. 

C00KHOV8B,  on  the  Cooquago 
branch  of  Delaware  R .  is  fituated  in  the 
town/hip  of  Colcliefter,  New. York,  18 
miles  S.  of  the  mouth  of  Unadilla  river. 

Cooper's  Iflatid,  one  of  the  lefTcr 
Virgin  Ifles  in  the  Weft-Indies,  (ituated 
S.  W.  of  Ginge)-  Ifland,  and  uninhabit- 
ed. It  is  5  miles  long,  and  i  broad.  N. 
lat.  18.  5.  W.  long.  6x.  57. 

Cooper,  a  large  and  navigable  river 
which  mingles  its  waters  with  Afhiey 
R.  below  Charlefton  city  in  S.  Carolina. 
Thefe  form  a  fpacious  and  convenient 
harbour,  which  communicates  with  the 
ocean,  juft  below  Sullivan's  Ifland, 
which  it  leaves  on  the  N.  7  miles  S.  E. 
of  the  city.  In  thefe  rivers  the  tide  rifes 
6|  feet.  Cooper  R.  is  a  mHe  wide  at 
the  ferry,  9  miles  above  Cbarleftown. 

Cooper's  Towk,  a  poU  town  and 
townfhip,  in  Otfego  co.  New- York,  and 
is  the  compaA  part  of  the  townfhip  of 
Otfego,.  and  the  chief  town  of  the  coun- 
try round  Lake  Otfego.  It  is  uleafant- 
ly  fituated  at  the  S.  W.  end  ofihelake, 
onitsbanks,  and  thofe  of  its  outlet:  it 
miles  N.  W.  of  Cherry  Valley,  and  75 
W.  of  Albany.  Here  are  a  court-hoiiCe, 
gaol,  and  academy.  In  1791,  it  con- 
tained 191  inhabitants.  In  1789,  it 
had  but  3  houfe)>  only )  and  in  the  fpring 
1795*  5°  honfes  had  been  ereAed,  of 
which  above  a  fourth  part  were  refpefi- 
able  «  ftory  dwelling  houfes,  with  every 
proportionable  improvement,  on  a  plan 
regularly  laid,  out  in  fquares.  N.  lat. 
4.1. 44..  W.  long.  74. 48. 

Cooper's  Town,  Pennfylvania,  is 
fituated  on  the  Sufquehannah  river. 
This  phce»  in  178  s,  was  a  wildeniefs. 
Nine  years  after,  it  contained  tSoo  in- 
habitants—a  large  and  bandfimie  church, 
with,  a  fteqpl»-^  market  houfe  and  a 

hetteriof 


c  oo 

iKtleriag  houfiM-a  libnurf  of  tM«  ¥0. 
hiniM,  and  an  academy  of  64.  fcbolan. 
Four  hundred  and  Aventy  pipes  were 
laid  under  groond<  for  tiie  purpofe  of 
bringing  water  from  Weft  Mountain, 
and  condu6ling  it  to  every  houfe  in 
town. 

Coop'e  TtWHt  in  Harford  co.  Mary- 
landt  Ii(B«  tt  miles  N.  W.  of  HarfonI, 
and  t%  N.  f afterlv  of  Baltimore }  mea> 
Turing  in  a  ftrait  line. 

Coos,  or  Ctbes,  the  country  called 
Upptr  and  Lower  Cttti  lies  on  Con- 
neaicut  R.  between  so  and  40  miles 
above  Dartmouth  college.  Upper  Coos 
is  the  country  S.  of  Upper  Amonoofuck 
R.  on  John  and  Ifrael  rivers.  Lower 
Coos  lies  below  the  towti  of  Haverhill, 
S.  of  the  J^ower  ..\monoofuck.  The 
diftance  from  Upyer  Coos,  to  the  tide 
in  Kennebeck  R.  was  meafuixd  in  1793, 
and  was  found  to  be  but  90  milesr 

C00SADE8,  an  Indian  town  on  Ala- 
bama R,  about  60  miles  above  its 
mouth,  on  Mobile  R. ;  below  Mc. 
Gillivray's  town,  and  oppofite  the 
mouth  of  the  Oakfuflcee. 

Coosa  Hatchbb,  or  Coo/anu,  a  river 
of  S.  Carolina,  which  rifes  in  Orange- 
bi!Fg diftri^,  and  running  a  S.  S.  w. 
courfe,  empties  into  Broad  R.  and 
Whale  Branch,  which  feparate  Beau- 
fort idand  from  the  main  land. 

Coosa,  or  Cpofa  Hatcba,  a  river 
which  rifes  In  the  high  lands  of  the  Che- 
rokees'  country,  and  joining  Tallipoofe, 
forms  Alabama  R.  Its  cpune  is  gene- 
rally S.  running  through  the  country  of 
the  Natchez,  and  other  tribes  of  the 
Upper  Creeks,  the  rougheft  and  moft 
broken  of  the  whole  nation.  It  is  ra- 
id, and  fill!  of  rocks  and  flioals,  hard- 
y  navigable  for  canoes. 

CoosAWATCHiti,  or  Coofabatck'e,  a 
[»oft  town  in  Beaufort  diftrift,  S.  Caro- 
lina, fituated  oh  the  S.W.  fide  of  Coofa 
R.  oyer  which  a  bridge  has  beeij  lately 
ereaed.  It  is  a  flourifliing  place  having 
about  40  houfes,  a  court- hoiifc  and 
gapJ.  The  courts  formerly  held  at 
Beaufort,  are  held  here.  It  is  33  miles 
from  Beaufort,  and  77  W,  S.  W.  of 
Charlefton. 

COOTSTOWN,  in  Berks  CO.  Pennfyl- 
vania,  is  fituated  on  a  branch  of  Sau- 
hoca  creeic,  ^  branch  of  the  Schuylkill 
R.  It  contains  40  houfes,  and  a  Ger- 
man Lutheran  and  Calvinift  church 
united.    It  is  17  miles  N.  N.  E.  of 


C  O  Q^  117 

Readliit,  tnd  73  N.  W.  by  N.  of  Phi- 


ladelphia. 

Com  Ar  o,  an  open  town  in  tht  bUhoob 
rick  of  St.  JagOfior  Chili  Proper,  in  8. 
America,  fiiniouB  for  ita  mines  of  iron, 
braA,  tin,  and  lead  t  which,  however, 
are  not  worked.    The  gold  mines  have 
drawn  about  900  people  here.    There 
are  altb  great  quantities  of  load-ftone* 
and  lapis-latuli,i4or  1 5  leagues  diftant} 
where  there  are'  alfo  feveral  lead  mines. 
On  the  high  mountains  of  the  Cordillera, 
40  leagues  E.  S.  E.  from  tht  port,  are 
mines  of  the  fineft  fulphur,  nut  needing 
to  be  cleanfed,  and  which  fells  for  3 
pieces  of  eight  a  qiiintal,  at  the  port, 
from  whence  it   is  carried  to  Lima. 
Frcfli-water  is  very  fcarce.     Salt-petre 
is  found  in  the  vale  an  inch  thick  on 
the  ground.  Between  this  and  Coquim- 
bo  is  no  town  or  village,  only  3  or  4 
farms.  Lat,  15.  lo.S.long.  75. 14.  W. 
Covp  E  R  Ml  N  E ,  a  large  river  of  New- 
Britain,  reckoned  to  be  the  moft  north- 
ern in  North-  America.  Taking  a  north- 
erly courfe  it  falls  into  the  fea  in  lat. 
7*.  N.  and  about  1 19.  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich.    The  accounts  brought  by 
the  Indians  of  this  riVer  to  the  Briti/h 
ports  in  Hudfon  bay,  and  the  fpecimens 
of  copper  produced  by  them,  induced 
Mr.  Hearne  to  fet  out  from  Fort  Prince 
of  Wales  in  Dec.  1770^  on  a  journey  of 
difcovery.    He  reached  the  river  on  the 
14th  July,  at  40  miles  diftance  fmrn  the 
fea,  and  found  it  all  the  way  incumbered 
with  flioals  and  falls,  and  emptying  itfelf 
into  it  over  a  diy  fliU  of  the  fliore,  the 
tide  being  then  out,  which  feemed  by 
the  edges  of  the  ice  to  rife  about  1 2  or 
14  fett.    This  rife,  on  account  of  the 
falls,  will  carry  it  but  a  very  fmall  way 
within  the  river's  mouth ;  fo  that  the 
water  in  it  has  not  the  leaft  brackifii 
tafte.     Mr.  Hearse  had  the  moft  exten- 
five  view  of  the  fea,  which  bore  N.  W. 
by  W.  an<l  N.  E.  j  when  he  was  about  8 
miles  up  the  river.  The  fea  at  the  river's 
mouth,  was  full  of  iflands  and  flioals ; 
but    the  ice  was   only  thawed   away 
about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  the 
fliore,  on  the  17th  of  July.     The  Ef- 
quimajix  had  a  quantity  of  whale-bone 
and  leal  flcins  at  their  tents  on  the  fliore. 
Gp<^uiMBO,  a  town  of  St.  Jago,  or 
Chili  Proper,  in  S.  America,  fituated  at 
.the  lower  end  of  the  vale,  bearing  the 
fame  name.  On  a  gently  rifing  ground. 
The  river  of  Coquimbo  gitres  name  to 
H  3  the 


Ill 


con 


^-Ifce  igTMfblt  TiUcy  through  which  ft 
ratlt  to  the  fet}  ind  the  biqr  at  iti 
month  ia  »  very  im  onc»  wbm  Ihipt 
Ik  fkfcly  find  commodioafly,  fhough 
die  eotft  it  roclcy,  feme  iflcnds  l)ring  to 
••  to  keep  off  the  mndi.  The  town  ii 
properly  called  La  Stmat  from  the 
•greeableneft  of  the  climate  i  being 
jKmtinuelly  ferene  and  pleafant.  The 
l^rect*  are  well  laid  ov*t  and  there  are 

«or  6  convents}  but  the  houfet  are  not 
sindrome.  The  foil  ii  fruitful  in  com, 
wine,  and  oil,  and  the  brooks  bring 
down  quantities  of  gold  duft  afti  r  heavy 
rains.  Here  are  no  gold  mines,  but 
of  copper}    one  of  which,    5 


nienty 
jeacues 


leagues  N.  from  the  city  on  Motmt 
Cerro  Verdr,  or  Green  Hill,  is  high,  and 
ihaped  like  a  Aigar  loaf}  fo  thai  it  may 
ferve  as  a  land  mark  to  the  port.  It 
Jits  i<o  miles  N.  of  St.  Jago,  and  jiift. 
]y  boafts  of  one  of  the  fined  fituations 
in  the  world  }  but  the  arbitrary  govern- 
ment of  Spain  renders  it  a  place  of  little 
importance. 

Co  a  At  Rmer,  in  New  Mexico,  runs  a 
courCe  W.  by  S.  and  empties  into  the 
head  of  the  gulf  of  California,  clofe  by 
the  mouth  ot  Collerudo  river. 

Coram,  a  poft  town  in  Suflfblk  co. 
Lone  I.  New. York.  It  has  about  60 
houies,  and  lies  6s  miles  eaftward  of 
New* York  city,  and  10  from  Smith* 
town. 

CoKC  A9,  or  Grand  Corcas,  an  ifland 
almoft  in  the  form  of  a  crefcent,  N.  ot 
St.  Domingo,  in  the  windward  paflage, 
about  7  If  agues  W.  of  Turk's  I.  and 
about  10  E.  of  Little  Inagua,  or  Hcnea- 
gua.  N.  lat.  ai.  55.  W.  long.  70.  55. 

Cordillera.    See  Andes. 

Cordova,  De  la  nueva  Anda- 
ttJSiA,  a  city  of  Peru,  in  S.  America, 
inthejurifdiaionof  Charcas,  80  leagues 
S.  of  Santiago  dd  EHero.  Here  is  the 
Epifcopal  church  of  Tucuman,  with 
ftme  monaderifs,  nnd  a  convent.  It  is 
fruitful  in  gi^in,  honey,  wax,  fruits, 
cotton,  ami  fugnr.  It  abounds  with  falt- 
uits,  ami  has  luxuriantnafturesfor  mules. 
It  drives  a  great  trade  with  Buenos 
Ayrcs.  The  inhahitants  are  Spaniaixls, 
who  are  farmers,  and  manufacturers  of 
cotton  cloth,  which  they  fend  to  Potoii. 
S.  lat.  31  30.  W.  long.  63.  30.  In  Cor- 
dova, in  the  Tucuman,  there  has  been 
found  the  greateft  inftance  of  longevity 
fince  the  days  of  the  patriarchs.  From 
iiidilputuble  evidence^  a  negrefsj  named 


COR 

Leaiik  Tram*  «m  aUvt  in  1774, 1^ 
tm  himdrtd  tmdJInMuiy'pvtj^arit 

Co««  SsMN^,  on  fkecoaft  «f  North. 
Cafolina,  lies  8.  of»  and  commmicMts 
with,  Pamlirs. 

CoRiiNTKi,  a  cawr  of  Mexico,  or 
New-Spain,  on  th«  N.  Pacific  ocean. 
N.  lat.  at.  W.  kmg.  109.  30.  Alfu, 
the  name  of  the  S.  wcftcmmott  point  of 
the  ifland  of  Cuba^ 

CoRiiNTBS,  Lot,  a  fmall  city  with' 
in  the  government  of  Buenos  Ayrci,  in 
S.  America,  was  built  by  the  Spaniards 
on  the  confluence  of  the  Parana  and  Par- 
aguay, 80  leagues  higher  than  Santa 
Fe,  on  the  Rio  de  Plata. 

Corinth,  a  townfhip  in  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  W.  of  Biadlord,  containuig 
57S  inhabitants. 

Cork  Bay^  on  the  E.  fide  of  New. 
foimdland  Ifland. 

Cornish,  atownftiip  inChefliire  co. 
New-Hamplhire,  on  the  E.  bonk  of 
Connefkicut  R.  Between  Claretnont  and  , 
Plainfield,  about  1 5  miles  N.  of  Charlef. 
town,  and  16  S.  ot  Dartmouth  College. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1763.  In  1775, 
it  contained  309,  and  in  1790—981  in- 
habitants. 

Cornwall,  a  townihip  in  Addifon 
CO.  Vermont,  E.  of  Bridpurt,  on  Lake 
Champlain,  containing  8x6  inhabitants. 

Cornwall,  New,  a  townfliip  in 
Orange  co.  New- York,  of  whofe  inha. 
bitants,  350  are  rle£lors. 

Cornwall,  a  townfliip  in  Litchfield 
CO.  conne^icut,  about  9  miles  N.  <  ' 
Litchfield,  11  S.  of  Salifbury,  and  about 
40  W.  by  N.  of  Hartford  city. 

Corn-wall,  a  (mail  town  in  Upper 
Canada,  on  the  bank  of  Iroquois  R. 
near  Lake  St  Francis,  between  Kinglion 
and  Quebec,  containing  a  fmall  churcli, 
and  about  30  01-  40  houfes. 

CoRNWALLis,  a  town  in  King's  co. 
in  the  province  of  New-Brunfwick,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  S.  V/.  fide  of  th»  Bafin  of 
Minas ;  iS  miles  N.  W.  of  Fai>uouth, 
and  55  N.  W.  of  Annapolis. 

Alfo  a  river  in  the  iiime  province, 
navigable  for  veflc:ls  of  1 00  tons  5  milts ) 
for  veiTels  of  50  tons  10  miles. 

CoRO,  a  town  of  S.  America,  in 
Terra  Firma,  at  the  bottom  uf  the  gulf 
of  Venezuela,  60  miles  W.  of  La  Gua- 
ira.     N.  lat.  11.  W.  long.  70. 

COROPA,  a  province  of  S.  America, 
fituated  between  the  river  Amazon  and 
the  lake  Parime. 

CORTLANDT, 


CORTLANDT) 


COT 

CotTLAliOT,  ■  tswnAilp  hi  Iht 
northern  part  of  tht  county  «f  Wdl 
ChfAcr.oQilMZ.  bMik  of  Hudlbn  river, 
Ncw-York»  contMning  193*  inhibit- 
nnti,  ot  whom  6<  a'^«  flavci.  Of  iit 
jnhabitantt,  in  1796,  105  were  cicftori. 

CoiTA  Rica,  or  rhe  Rich  Ctaft^  at 
ifa  name  fignific^,  ia  To  called  from  its 
rich  mineit  of  gold  and  rilvrrt-thofeof 
Tinfigal  being  prtferred  by  the  Spa- 
niard* to  the  minci  of  Potofi  (  but  in 
other  rcfpcfti,  it  is  mountainov.  and 
barren.  It  it  iituated  in  the  audience 
of  Guatimala,  in  New  Spain,  bounded 
by  the  piovlnceof  Vcragua  on  the  8.  E. 
and  that  of  Nicaragua  on  the  N.  E.  It 
reaches  from  the  N.  to  the  S.  fea,  about 
90  leagues  from  E.  to  W.  and  is  50 
where  oroadrft,  from  N.  to  S.  It  hat 
much  the  fame  productions  at  its  neigh- 
bouring province! }  and  in  fome  places 
the  foil  it  good,  and  it  produces  cocoa. 
On  the  N.  fea  it  hat  two  convenient 
bays,  the  moft  wefierly  called  St.  Je- 
rom's,  and  that  near  the  frontiers  of 
Veragua,  called  Caribaco }  and  on  the 
8.  fea  it  ha*  fcveral  bays,  capes,  and 
convenient  places  for  anchocage.  Chief 
town  Nycoya, 

CoTABAMBO,  ajurifdi£VioninPeru, 
S.  America,  fubje^l  to  the  bifliop  of 
Cufco,'and  lies  10  leag\iet  S.  W.  of  that 
city.  It  abounds  in  grain,  fruits,  and 
cattle.  Its  rich  mines  arc  now  almoll 
exhauiled. 

Coteaux,Les,  a  town  on  the  road 
from  Tiburon  to  Port  Sahit,  on  tlie  S, 
Jlde  of  the  S.  peninAila  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  ii\  ieagties  E.  by  S.  of 
the  former,  and  4  N.  W.  of  the  latter. 
N.  lat.  iX.  13. 

CoTOFAXi,  aIarge»olcano  near  La- 
taacungo,  an  afljento  or  dependence  on 
the  province  t>f  Qi^iito  iuPeni,  S.  Ame- 
rica. It  lies  neai  ly  under  the  line,  yet 
the  tops  of  it  are  generally  covered  with 
ice  and  fnow.  It  firft  Aewed  itfclf  in 
»551»  when  Scbaftian  deBelacazar  firft 
entered  thefe  cnuurits,  which  eruption 
proved  favourable  to  hisenterpriie,  as  it 
coincided  with  a  prediftionof  the  Indian 
pricfh,  that  the  countryfliould  be  invada! 
on  the  burfting  of  this  volcano  j  and  ac- 
cordingly it  fo  happened;  for  before 
1 5  59  he  had  iubdu«i  all  the  country. 

CoTUY,  a  canton  and  town  in  the 
Spanilh  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
n>ingo,  hounded  E.  by  the  bay  of  Sama- 
aa,  N.  by  the  chain  of  mountains  called 


con  ti9 

Monte-Chrift,  W.  by  tha  toritery  d' 
la  V^,  and  8.  by  the  cbain  of  iiMmn- 
tains  called  S^vlc:*.  Ia  1(05,  iIh  goM 
minca  were  worked  hcrt.  In  the  imun. 
tain  of  McYinont  whenco  comes  the.  ri« 
ver  of  the  tame  name,  thcr;  ia  •  copper 
mine,  fo  rlcb,  that  when  refilled  will 
pixxluce  t  per  cent,  of  foUi*  Here  are 
alfo  found  excellent*  lapit-laatdi,  a 
ftrcaked  chalk,  that  fiime  painters  prc« 
fer  to  bole  for  gildings  loadftone,  e^ 
merahls,  and  iron.  The  iron  is  of  the' 
heft  quality,  and  migrht'  be  conveyetl 
from  the  cusin  of  Sevico  bv  meani  of 
the  river  Yuna.  The  foil  nere  is  ex- 
cellent, and  the  plantanes  prwtucod  here 
are  of  fuch  fuperior  quality,  that  this 
manna  of  the  Antilles  it  called  at  St* 
Domingo  Sunday  plantanet.  The  pen. 
pie  eultiyate  tobacco,  but  are  chiefly 
employed  in  breeding  fwiite.  The  in« 
habitants  are  called  cTownifii,  and  of  an 
unfociable  charaflcr. 

The  town  is  iituated  half  a  league  from 
the  S.  W.  bank  of  the  Yuna,  which  be* 
comes  unnavigable  near  this  ;>lack,  a- 
bout  1 3  leagaes  from  its  mouth  in  t|ie 
bay  of  Samana.  It  contains  160  icat- 
tered  houfct,  in  the  middle  of  a  little 
favanna,  and  furrounded  with  woods, 
30  leagues  northerly  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  15.  8.  E.  of  St.  Ya^o.  N.  latM9. 
II.  W.  long,  from  Paris  7a.  »?.    •  "  ■ 

CovDRAs,  a  fmall  ifland  in  St.  Law- 
rence river,  about  45  miles  N.  £.  of 
Quebec. 

Country  Harbour,  focal!«l,  is  a- 
bout  ao  leagues  to  the  eaftward  of  Ha- 
lifax, in  Nova- Scotia. 

CoupEK,  or  Cut  Poiat,  a  (hort  turre 
in  the  river  MifTifippi,  about  35  miles 
above  Mantchac  fort,  at  the  gut  of  Ib- 
herville,  ind  z  ^9  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river.  Charlevoix  relates  that  the  river 
formerly  made  a  great  turn  here,  and 
fvMue  Canadinns,  by  deepening  the  chan- 
nel of  a  Irnall  hrcok,  diverted  the  waters 
of  the  river  into  it,  in  the  year  1771. 
The  impetuofity  of  the  ftream  was  fuch, 
and  the  Ibil  of  lb  rich  and  loofe  a  qua- 
lity, that  n  a  fljort  time  the  point  was 
entirely  cut  through,  and  the  old  chan- 
nel left  dry,  except  in  inundations:  by 
which  travellers  fave  14  leagues  of  their 
voyage.  The  new  channel  has  been 
founded  with  a  line  of  30  fathoms,  with- 
out finding  bottom. 

The  Spanifh  fettlemenis  of  Point 
Coupe^,  extend  ao  mile;  on  the  W.  fide 

H4.  of 


lae 


COW 


«f  tbeMifnfippi)  and  there  are  feme 

Slntotionit  back,  on  the  fide  of  LaFanfe 
livierr,  through  which  the  Mififippi 
pafled  about  70  yrars  ago.  Tl.  tort 
at  Point  Coupee  is  a  fquare  figure,  with 
four  baAiont,  buii*:  with  ftockaiiet. 
There  were,  Tome  years  fince,  about 
sooo  white  inhabitants  and  7000  flaves. 
They  cultivate  Indian  corn,  tobaeco, 
and  indigo )  raifi:  vaft  quantities  of 
poultry,  which  they  fend  to  New-Qr- 
leans.  They  alfo  fend. to  tjiat  city 
I'qiiaced  timber,  ftaves,  &;c. 

Coventry,  a  townfhip  in  Tolland 
CO.  ConneAicut,  10  miles  £.  of  Hart- 
furd  city.  It  was  fettled  in  1 709,  being 
purcbaied  by  a  number  of  Hartford  gen- 
tlemen of  one  Jofliua,  an  Indian, 

CovGNTRY,  in  Kbode-Ifland  ftate, 
is  the  N.  eaftemmoft  tuwnfhip  in  Kent 
CO.     It  contains  24.77  inhabitants. 

CovEHTRY,  a  townfliipin  the  north- 
ern part  of  New-Hamp(hire,  in  Grafton 
CO.  It  was  incorporated  in  1764,  and 
contains  80  inhabitants. 

CoviiNTRY,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans 
col  Vermont.  It  lies  in  the  N  <  part  of 
the  ftate,  at  ti  e  S.  end  0^  Lake  Mem- 
phremagog.  Blacl(  R.  pafles  through 
this  town  m  in  courfe  to  Memphrema- 

Coventry,  a  townfliip  in  Ch<;fter 
CO.  Pennfyivania. 

CoMV^,  is  the  capital  town  of  the 
Cherokee  Indians,  fituated  on  the  foot 
of  the  hills,  on  both  fides  of  the  river 
Tehneflec.  Here  terminates  the  great 
vale  of  Cowe  exhibiting  one  of  the 
moll  charming,  natural,  mountainous 
landfcapes  that  can  be  feen.  The  vale 
'is  clofed  at  Cowe  by  a  ridge  of  high 
hills,  called  the  Jore  mountains .  1  he 
town  contains  about  100  habitations, 

In  the  conftitution  of  the  ftate  of 
Tenneitee,  Cowe  is  defcribed  as  near 
the  line  which  feparates  Tenneflee  from 
Virginia,  and  \^  divided  from  Old  Cho- 
ta,  another  Indian  town,  by  that  part 
of  .ne  Great  Iron  or  Smoaky  mountain, 
called  Unicoi,  or  Unaca  mountain. 

CowETAS,  or  Kmuetas.  a  town  of 
the  Lower  Creeks,  in£aft-Florida,call. 
cd  the  Bloody  town.  [See  Apalachico- 
la-tovau']  It  lies  on  the  V.\  hank,  of 
Cbita-Uche  R.  and  contains  280  men. 

Cow  AND  Calk  Pasture  Risers, 
art'  liead  branches  of  Rivanna  river,  jn 
Virginia.  I 

Cows  Ifituid.    See  Facbt.  1 


CH  A 

CowTENS,  a  place  fo  called,  in  S, 
Carolina,  between  PacoUt  river  and  the 
head  branch  of  Broad  river.  This  i^ 
the  fpot  where  Gen.  MoTg^^i  gained  i| 
complete  viftor)  over  lieut.  coH  Tarle- 
ton,  Jan.  11,  i7Sf,havingo|ily  lamen 
killed  and  (o  wou()ded,  The  Britifh 
had  39  commifliqned  oflicers  killed^ 
wounded  and  taken  prifopers }  100  rank 
and  filt;  killed,  »90  wounded,  and  500 
prifdners.  They  left  behind  %  pieces 
of  artillery,  2  ftandards,  800  muflcets, 
35  l^aggasre  waggons,  and  100  dragoou 
horfes,  which  f;:ll  into  the  hands  of  the 
Americans.  Tlie  field  oiF  battle  viras  m 
an  open  wood. 

CoxHAifL,  a  townfliip  in  York  co, 
diftri£l  of  Maine,  containing  775  inha- 
bitants. 

CoxsAKiB,  a  townfliip  in  the  weft. 
em  part  of  Albany  co.  New.  York,  con- 
tuing  3406  inhabitants,  of  whom  302 
ar^  flaves.  Of  the  citizens  613  are 
ele6lor«i. 

CoYAU,  a  fcttlemei.;  ^n  Tenneflee 
river,  30  miles  below  Knoxville. 

Crab-Orcharp,  a  poft  town,  on 
Dick's  river,  in  Kentucky,  8  miles  from 
Cumberland  river,  and  25  miles  S.  E. 
of  Danville.  The  road  to  Virginia 
pafl'cs  through  this  place. 

Cranberry,  a  thriving  town  in 
Middleftx,  co.  ^ew-Jerfey,  9  miles  £. 
of  Princeton,  and  i6  S.  S.  W.  of  Bnmf- 
wick.  It  contains  a  handfome  Prefby- 
terian  church,  and  a  variety  of  manu- 
fafturits  arc  carried  on  by  its  induftrioua 
inhabitants.  The  ftagcfromNew-York 
to  Philadelphia  pafTes  through  Amboy, 
this  town,  and  thence  to  Bordentown. 

Cranberry  Iflandsy  on  the  coaft  of 
the  diftri6\  of  Mame.  See  Mount  De- 
fer t  Ifland. 

Craney,  a  fmall  ifland,  on  the  S. 
fideof  Jame>  river,  in  Virginia,  at  the 
mouth  of  Elizabeth  river,  and  5  miles 
S.  W,  of  Fort  George,  on  Point  Com- 
fort. It  commands  the  entrancCtof 
both  rivers, 

Cranston,  is  the  fouth-eaflernmoft 
townfliip  of  Providence  CO.  Rhode- Ifl- 
and,  fituated  on  the  W.  bank  of  Provi- 
dence R.  5  miles  S.  of  the  town  of  Pro- 
vidence. The  compad  part  of  the 
town  contains  50  or  60  houfes,  a  Bap- 
tift  meeting- houfe,  handfome  fchool- 
houfc,  a  dinillery,  and  a  number  of  &w 
and  grilf  mills,  and  is  called  Pawtuxet* 
from  the  river,  on  both  fides  of  whofe 

mouth 


fsouth  it  ttandt,  Mid  over  which  is  a  I 
bridge,  connefting  the  two  parts  of  the 
town.    It  makes  a  pretty  aj^pearance 
as  you  pafs  it  on  the  river.    1  he  whole 
townfliip  contains  1877  inhabitants. 

Craven  Co.  in  Newbern  diftrift,  N. 
Carolina,  is  bounded  N.  by  Pitt,  and 
S.  by  Carteret  and  Onflow  counties. 
Its  chief  town  is  Newbern.  It  contains 
10,4.69  inhabitants,  of  whom  3658  are 
Slaves. 

Cree  Indians,  The,  inhabit  weft 
of  little  lake  Winnipeg,  around  fort 
Dauphin,  in  Upper  Canada. 

Creger's  foivHt  in  Frederick  co. 
Marylajid,  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of  Mono- 
cocy  R.  between  Swing's  and  Hunting 
creeks,  which  fall  into  chat  river;  9 
Yniks  foutherly  of  Ermmtiburg,  near 
the  Peciifylvania  line,  and  about  11 
northerly  of  Fredericktown. 

Creek$,  an  Indian  nation  already 
dei'cribed  under  the  nani^  of  Mujko^ulgt 
or  Mujkogeet  in  addition  to  which  is  the 
following  particulars  from  th^  M.  S. 
journal  of  an  intelligent  traveller.  Coo- 
fa  river,  and  its  main  branches,  form 
the  Wettern  line  of  fettleroents  or  vil- 
lages of  the  Creeks,  but  their  hunting 
gr.-'Unds  extend  zoo  miles  beyond,  to 
the  Tpmbigbee,  which  is  the  dividing 
line  between  their  country  and  .lat  of  the 
Chaftaws.  The  fm:illeit  of  their  towns 
have  from  ao  to  30  horfes  in  them,  and 
fome  of  them  contain  from  1 50  to  xoo, 
that  are  wholly  compafl.  The  houfes 
thnd  in  dufters  of  4,  5,  6-,  7,  and  8  to- 
gether, irregularly  dillributed ,  up  and 
down  the  banks  or  the  rivers  or  fmall 
Ikeains.  £ach  clufter  of  houfes  con- 
tain a  clan,  or  family  of  relations,  who 
eat  and  live  in  common.  Each  town 
has  a  public  i'quare,  hot-houfe  and  yard 
near  the  centre  of  it,  appropriated  to 
various  publicufes.  The  following  are 
the  names  of  the  principal  towns  cf  the 
Upper  and  Lower  Creeks,  that  have 
public  fquares ;  beginning  at  the  heail 
of  the  Coofa  o;-  Coola  Hatcha  river,  viz. 
Upper  Utalas,  Abbacoochees,  Natchez, 
Coofas,  Oteetoo(heenas,  Pine  Catchas, 
Pocuntullahafes,  Weeokes,  Little  Tal- 
lafTie,  Tulkeegees,  Cooi'adas,  AlaLamas, 
Tawal'as,  Pawa6tas,  Autobas,  Auhoba, 
Wcelumpkces  Big,  Wceiumpkees  Lit- 
tle, Wacacoys.WacItfoy,  Ochees.  The 
following  towns  are  in  the  central,  in- 
land and  high  country,  between  theCoo- 
^  and  Tailapoofee  riTcrs»  in  the  dif. 


C  R  E 


Iff 


trift  called  the  Hillabeei,.v!s.    HiUa* 
bees,  Killeegko,  Oakchoys,  biakaguU 
gas,  and  Wacacoys.    On  the  waters  of 
the  Tallapoofee,  from  the  bead  of  *h« 
river  downward,  the  following!:,    Vif* 
Tuckabatcltee,Tchafla,Totacaga«Ncw* 
York,     Chalaacpaulley,    Logulpogus, 
Oakfufkce,  U&la Litte,  U  ala  Big,  iso- 
galmtches,  T'uckaba:ehee8,Big  Tallaf* 
fee,  M'  half  way  houfe,  Clewileys,  Coolie 
hatches,  Coplaniies,  Shawaneie,  or  Sa.. 
vanas,Kenhulka,andMuckelcies.   i  he 
towns  of  the  Lower  Creeks,  beginning 
on  the  head  waters  of  the  Chattahuoiee, 
and  fo  or.  du.vnwards  are  Chelu  Ninnyi 
Chattahoolee,     Hi-htatQga,    Cowctas, 
Cuflitahs,  Chalagatl'caor,  Broken  Ar. 
row,  Euchees  feveiaL,  Hitchattes  ieveral* 
Palachuolo,  Chewackala.     Befides  ao 
towns  and  villages  of  the  Little  atld  Big 
Chehaus,  low  down  on  Flint  and  Chat* 
tahoofee  rivers.    From  t'leir  roving  aifid 
unfteady  manner  of  living,  it  is  iinpofli* 
ble  to  detcrmme,  with  nnich  precifion^ 
t)ie  number  of  Indians  that  compyie  the 
Creek  nation.     Gen.  M'GiUivrfy  efti- 
mates  the  number  of  gun-men  io  be  be- 
tween 5  a.nd  6000,  exc  ufwe  of  the  Se« 
minoles*,  who  are  of  little  or  no  account 
in  war,  except  as  fmali  parties  of  marau» 
ders,  ailing  independent  of  (he  gener4 
intercft  ot  the  others.    The  whole  num- 
ber of  individuals  may  be  about  *5  or 
s6,ooo  fouls.    Every  town  and  village 
has  one  eilablifhcd  v  'ate  trader  in  it, 
and  generally  a  family  of  whites,  who 
have  fled  from  fome  pai't  ot  the  fron- 
tiers.    They  often  to   have  leven.e, 
and  .to  obtain  plunder  that  may  be  ta- 
ken, ufe  their  influence  to  fend  out  pre- 
datory parties  againif  the  ftttlements  in 
their  vicinity.     The  Creeks  are  veiy 
badly  armed  \    having  few  rifles,  and 
are  modly  arm.'u  with  mufkets.     For 
near  4-0  years  palf,  the  Creek  Imiianf 
have  had  little  intercourfe  with  any  other 
foreigners,   but  thofe  ot  the  Englifh 
nation.     Their  prejudice  in  fav  ur  of 
every  thing  Engliih,  has  been  carefully 
kept  alive  by  lorics  and  others  to  this 
day.    Moft  of  their  towns  have  now  in 
their  pofTcflion  Britidi  drums  with  the 
arms  of  the  nation,  and  other  emblems 
painted   on  them,   an.l   fome  of  their 
fquaws  prcl'erve  the  remnants  of  Britidi 
flags,      rhey  ftill  believe  that  <<  The 
Great  King  over  the  water"  is  able  to 
keep  the  whole  worla  in  fubjc^lioe. 
The  land  of  the  country  it  t  common 

llocic} 


ftft 


C  It  o 


Aaefc  I  ami  «ny  indmdaal  may  wmove 
§romw»  part  ^  it  to  another,  and  oc- 
tmfij  vaeant  grou>,  <  where  he  can  find 
^.  The  eountry  is  naturally  divided 
into  3  diftriAs,  viz.  the  Upper  Creeks, 
Lower  and  middle  Creeks,  and  Semi- 
noles.  The  upper  diftrifl  includes  all 
the  waters  of  the  Tallapooliee)  Coolk- 
hntchee,  and  Alabama  rivers,  and  is  call- 
ed the  Abbacoes.  The  Lower  or  Mid- 
die  diRrifl  includes  all  the  waters  of  the 
Chat{ahoo(ee  and  flint  rivers,  down  to 
their  jun6lion,  and  although  occupied 
by  a  great  number  of  different  trioes, 
the  whole  are  called  Cowetaulgas,  or 
Coweta  peopi(;,  from  the  Cowetan  town 
and  tribe,  the  mod  warlike  and  ancient 
of  any  in  the  whole  nation.    The  Low> 

.    rr  or  Southern  diftrift,  takes  in  tlie  ri- 
ver Appaiacliicola,  and  extends  to  the 

°  point  of  Eaft-Florida,  amd  is  called  tlie 
ctnintry  of  the  Seminoles.  Agriculture 
is  as  far  advanced  with  the  Indians,  as 
it  can  weil  be,  withotit  the  proper  ini- 
fJenMnts  of  huflbandry.  A  very  large 
majority  of  the  nation  being  devoted  to 
li«mting  in  the  vwnter,  and  to  war  or 
idlenefs  in  furamcr,  cultivate  but  fmall 
parcels  of  ground,  bai^ely  fufficient  for 
ftibfiftence.  But  many  individuals,  (|>ar- 
ticnlariy  on  Flint  river,  among  the  Che- 
haws,  who  poflefs  numbers  of  negroes) 
Itave  fenced  fit-Ids,  tolerably  well  culti- 
vated I  having  no  ploughs,  thev  break 
tip  the  ground  wirb  hoes,  and  fcatter 
the  feed  promircuouHy  over  the  grountt, 

.  in  bills,  but  not  in  rows.  They  raifr 
korfes,  cattle,  tbwi»,  and  hogs.  The 
«dy  articles  they  manutuibire  are  earth- 
en pots  and  pans,  bnlkets,  borfe-ropes 
or  halters,  fmoakcd  leather,  black  mar- 
ble pipeS|  wooden  (poons,  and  oil  from 
acorns,  hickory  nuis,  and  chelnuts. 

CltEKKS,  confaierated  nations  of  In- 
dians.     See  Mufrogulge. 

Ce  E  E  K  s  Crojitig  Place,  on  Tenne/Tee 
river,  is  about  40  miles  E.  S.  £.  of  the 
month  of  Elk  R.  at  the  Mufcle  flioals, 
and  36  S.  W.  of  Nickajack,  in  the 
Georgia  weftern  territory. 

Croix,  St.  a  fmall  navigable  river 
in  Nova-Scotia,  which  runs  into  the 
Avon,  or  Plgiguit.     See  Avon, 

Croix,  St.  a  river  which  forms  part 
•of  the  boundary  line  between  the  Uni- 
ted S^atcH  and  the  Bririfh  province  of 
New-BrunlWirk,  and  empties  into  Pal' 
liimafluoddy  bay.  Which  is  the  tn«e 
St.  Croix  is  otidetermuied.    Cumniif- 


C  R  6 

(loners  are  appointed  by  both  cotintnes, 
in  conformity  to  the  late  treaty,  to  de- 
cide this  }H)in't. 

Croix,  St.  a  river  in  the  N.  W, 
terrliory,  which  empties  into  the  NliffiJ 
fippi  from  the  N.  N.  £.  about  50  miles 
belovK  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

Croix,  St.  or  Santa  Cruz,  an  ifland 
in  the  Wed-Indies,  belonging  to  the 
king  of  OenmaiK,  lying  about  5 
leagues  S.  E.  of  St  Thomas,  and  as  iar 
E.  by  S.  of  Crab  ifland,  which  lie<!  on 
the  E.  er.d  of  Porto  Rico.  It  is  about 
30  miles  in  length,  and  8  where  it  is 
breaded,  and  is  rather  unhealthy.  It 
is  faid  to  produce  30,000  or  4.0,000 
hhds.  of  fngar  annually,  and  other  W. 
India  commodities  in  tolei'able  plenty. 
It  is  in  a  high  ftate  of  cultivation,  and 
has  about  3000  white  inhabitants,  .tnd 
30,000  flaves.  A  great  proportion  of 
the  negroes  of  this  ifland  have  embraced 
chriftianity,  under  the  Moravian  mif- 
lionaries,  whole  influence  has  been 
greatly  promotive  of  the  profperity  of 
this  ilbnd.  N.  lat.  17.  50.  W.  )ong. 
64.  30.    See  Danijb  tVtft-ltuHes, 

Crooked  IJland,  one  of  the  Baha- 
ma  or  Lucayo  iflands,  in  the  W.  Indies. 
The  middle  of  the  ifland  lies  in  N.  lat. 
23.  W.  long.  73.  30. 

Crooked  Lake,  in  the  Geneflee 
country,  communicates  in  an  E.  by  N. 
dirc6lion  with  Seneca  lake. 

Crooked  Lake,  one  of  the  chain  of 
fmall  lakes  which  connedls  the  lake  of 
the  Woods  with  lake  Superior,  on  the 
boundai-y  line  between  the  U.  ^ttites 
and  Upper  Canada,  remarkable  for  its 
rugged  clifl^s,  in  the  cracks  of  which 
are  a  number  of  arrows  fticking. 

Crooked  R.  in  Camden  co.  Geor- 
gia, empties  into  the  fea  oppofite  Cum- 
brr'and  ifland,  i»  or  14  miles  N.  from 
the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's.  Its  banks  nre 
weil  timbered,  and  its  courlit  is  £.  by  N. 
Cross  Cape.,  in  Upper  Canada,  pro- 
jefts  fiom  the  N.  E.  hde  of  St.  Mary's 
river,  at  the  outlet  of  lake  Su|)erior,'op- 
fite  the  falls,  in  N.  lat.  46.  30.  W., 
long  84.  so* 

Cross-Creek,  a  townlhip  in  Wafh- 

•rgton  county,  Ptnnfylvania. 

Cross  Creeks,    See  Fayttteville, '. 

Cross-Koads,  the  name  of  a  place 

in  North-  Carolina,  near  Duplin  court- 

houiie,  13  miles  from  Sainplbn  court- 

houle,  and  S3  from  South- Wafliingtun. 

Cross-Roads,  avillagelnKent  CO. 

Marylandi 


byN. 


C  R  O 

Maryland,  iituated  *  mtlct  8.  of  George- 
tamt,  on  Saflkfru  R.  and  U  tbot  named 
from  4  ntads  which  meet  and  croft  each 
other  in  the  village. 

Cuost-ROADt,  a  village  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  where  <  c^ffesent 
roadt  meet.  It  is  %7  miles  £.  £.  of 
Lancafter}  u  N.  by  W.  of  Elkton,  in 
Maryland,. and  about  i8  W.  N.  W.  of 
Wilmington  in  Delaware. 

Crosswicks,  a  village  in  Barling- 
ton  CO.  New  Jerfey  j  through  which  the 
line  of  ftages  pafles  from  New- York  to 
Philadelphia.  It  has  a  rerpe6lable  Qjia- 
ker  meeting  houfe;  4.  miles  S.  W.  of 
Alien  Town,  8  S.  £.  of  Trenton,  and 
14  S.  W.  of  Biulington. 

Groton  R.  a  N.  eaftem  water  of 
Hudfon  R.  rifes  in  the  town  of  New- 
Fairfield,  in  Conne6):icut,  and  running 
through  Dutchefs  co.  empties  into  Tap- 
^  in  bay.  Croton  bridge  is  tltrown  over 
tliis  river  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  on 
the  great  road  to  Albany.  This  is  a 
folid  fubftantial  bridge,  1400  feet  long; 
the  ro^  narrow,  piercing  thraugh  a 
(late  hill.     It  is  fupported  by  16  ftone 

Eillars.  Here  is  an  admirable  view  of 
Iroton  Falls,  where  the  water  precipi- 
tates itfelf  between  60  and  70  fieet  uer- 
pendicular ;  high  flate  banks,  in  iome 
places  1 00 feet;  the  river  fpreadiug into 
three  ftreams,  as  it  enters  the  Hucfibn. 

CfLOW  Creek,  falU  into  the  Tenneflee, 
from  the  N.  W.  oppolite  the  Crow 
Town,  1 5  miles  below  Nickajack  Town. 
CRO.virs  MeadoviSt  a  river  iuthe  N. 
W.  territory,  which  runs  N.  weft  ward 
into  Illinois  R.  oppofite  to  which  are 
fine  meadows.  Its  mouth  is  20  yards 
wide,  and  240  miles  from  the  Miinfip- 
pi.  It  is  navigable  between  15  and  18 
miles. 

Crown  Pnnt,  is  the  moft  foutherly 
townftiip  in  Clinton  co.  New- York,  ib 
called  from  the  celebrated  fortrefs, 
which  is  in  it,  and  which  was  ganiibn- 
ed  by  Britifh  troops,  from  the  time  of 
its  redu£lion  by  ^en.  Amhertt  in  1759, 
till  the  late  revofution.  It  was  taken 
by  the  Americans  the  14th  of  May  1775, 
and  retaken  by  the  Britifl)  the  year  atter. 
The  point  upon  which  it  was  ere£led, 
by  the  French  in  1731,  extends  N.  into 
lake  Champlain.  It  was  called  Krujn 
PuHt,  or  Scalp  Point  by  the  Dutch, 
and  by  the  French,  Pointe  a  la  CbevC' 
lure.  The  tbrtrefs  they  -naineu  Foit 
6t.  Frederick.    After  it  was  repaired 


C  R  U  Mj 

by  the  Britiih»  it  was  the  moft  fq;alar 
and  expcnfiveof  any  oonftruAed  by  them 
in  America.    The  walls  are  of  wood 
and  earth,  about  16  itet  high  and  about 
ao  feet  thick,  nearly  1 50  yards  iqaare» 
and  furrounded  by  a  deep  and  oroad 
ditrh,  dug  out  of  the  folid  roek.    The 
only  gate  opened  on  the  N.  toward* 
the  lake,  where  was  a  draw-bride  amd 
a  covert-way,  to  lecure  a  communicif" 
tion  with  the  waters  of  the  Lake,  in  cafe 
of  a  fiege.     On  the  right  andJeft^  as 
you  enter  the  fort,  is  a  row  of  ftone 
barracks,  not  inelegantly  built,  which 
are  capable  of  containing  soi^o  troop*. 
There  were  formerly  feveral  out-works, 
which  are  now  in  rnins,  as.  is  indeed 
the  cafe  with  the  principal  fort,  except 
the  walls  of  the  barracks.    The  famous  - 
fortification  called  I'iconderoga  is   15 
miles  S.  of  this ;  but  that  fortrefs  isalfo 
fo   much  demuliflisd,  that  -a  ftranger 
would  fcarcely  form  an  idea  of  its  ori- 
ginal confuudion.   The  town  of  Crown 
Point  has  no  rivers;    a  few  ftreams, 
however,    iflue    from  the    mountains, 
which  Kiifwer  for  mills   and   commoii 
ufes.     In  the  mountains,  which  «xtend 
the  whole  length  of  hke  George^  and 
part  of  the  length  of  Lak«:  Champlain, 
are  plenty  of  moofe,  .deer,  and  aimoft 
all  the  other  inhabitants  of  the  foreft. 
In  1790,  the  town  contained  207  inha- 
bitants.    By  the  ftate  cenfns  of  1796, 
it  appears  there  arc  116  cle£lors.     The 
furtrefs  lies  inN.  lat.  44.  ao.  W.  long. 
73.  36. 

CROYnEN,  a  towndiip  in  Chediire 
CO.  New- HampHiire,  adjoining  CorniHi, 
and  about  18  miles  N^  £.  of  Charief- 
town.  It  was  incorporated  in  1763. 
In  1775,  It  contained  14.3,  and  in  1790, 
537  inhabitants. 

Cruces,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America,  5  leagues  tiom  Panama,  and 
fttuated  on  Chagre  rive  . 

Cruz,  Santa,  a  confiderable  town 
on  the  N.  coalt  of  the  illand  oi  Cuba, 
about  30  miles  £.  by  N.  ot  the  Havan- 
nah,  and  1 1 5  N.  W.  by  N.  of  Cadia.— 
Alio  the  chiet  town  of  Cuzumel  illand. 
Cruz,  Santa,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
or  New  Spain,  aboiit  75  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  St.  Saivadore,  on  the  Pacific  ocean. 
It  is  fituatect  on  the  gulf  of  Dulre, 
which  communicates  with  the  fea  of 
Honduras. 

Ckuz,  Santa,  Db  la  Sierra,  a. 
government  and  generalihip,  a!fo  a  ju- 

rildi^tion*. 


ts4  CUB 

riiatAiofi  and  Bifliopriclc,  under  the 
bilho))  of  Charcas,  90  leagues  E.  of 
Plata,  in  Peru. 

Cruz,  Santa,  an  ifland  in  the  W, 
Indiea.    See  St  Croix. 

Cuba,  i«  the  moft  valuable'ifland  of 
all  tha  Spnifli  Weft  Indies,  and  is  fita* 
att^  between  so.  and  13.  30.  N.  lat. 
and  between  74r  and  85.  1 5.  W.  long« ; 
100  miles  S>  of  Cape  Florida,  and  75 
Ni  of  Jamaici;  and  is  nearly  700  miles 
in  length,  and  generally  »bout  70  in 
bueadth.  A  ehain  of  hills  runs  through 
the  middle  of  the  ifland  from  E.  to  W. 
but  the  land  near  the  fea  is  in  general 
kvd,  and  flooded  in  the  rainy  feafon, 
when  the  fun  is  vesical.     This  noble 
ifland,  the  key  of  the  Weft- Indies,  is 
ItipiK^ed  to  have  the  heft  Ibil,  for  fo 
large  a  country,  of  any  in  America,  and 
contains  38,400  fquare  miles.     It  pro. 
(luces  all  thi.'.  commodities  kno\vn  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  pnrticularly  ginger,  long 
pepper,  and  other  tpices^  caflia,  fiftula, 
matiick,  and  aloes.     It  alio  produces 
tobacco  itnd  fugar ;  bur  from  the  want 
of  hatKis,  and  the  lazinefs  of  the  Span- 
iards, it  does  nut  produce,  including  all 
its  commodities,  lb  much  for  exporta- 
tion as  the  fmall  ifland  of  Antigua. 
Not  an  hundredth  part  of  the  ifland  is 
yet  cleared.    The  principril  part  of  the 
plantations  are  on  the  beautthil  plains 
of  Savannah,  and  are  cultivated  by  a- 
bont  2  5,000  (laves.    The  other  inhabit- 
ants amount  to  about  30.000. 

Tile  courfe  of  the  rivers  is  too  fliort 
to-be  of  any  confequcnce  tc  navigation; 
but  there  are  feveral  good  harbours  in 
tlie  in:mdi  which  belong  to  the  princi- 
pal towns,  as  the  Havannah,  St.  Jagu, 
Santa  Crtir,  and  La  Trinidad.  Befides 
the  harbours  of  thefe  towns  there  is  Ciim- 
btiiaiid  harbour.  The  tobacco  railed 
here  is  faid  to  have  a  more  delicate  fla- 
vour than  any  raiftd  in  America.  There 
are  a  vaft  number  of  fmall  ifles  round 
this  noble  ifland,  the  channels  feparating 
which,  aswtll  as  the  rivers  in  the  ifland, 
abound  with  iiflj.  There  are  more  ali- 
gntors  here  than  in  any  other  place  in 
the  Well  lihlies.  In  the  woods  arc 
fome  very  valuable  trees,  pnrticularly 
cellars,  lb  large,  it  is  faid,  tliat  canoes 
made  of  them  will  hold  50  men.  Birds 
there  arc  in  great  variety,  atvA  in  num- 
ber more  tiian  in  any  of  the  other  ifl- 
inds.  This  ifland  was  Hifcovered  by 
tlw  famous   Chrifloplier  Columbus,  in 


C  UL 

149s.  It  was-  taken  pofleilton  of  hji 
the  Spaniards  in  ist'i>  and  they  fociy 
exterminated  the  mild  and  peaceabla 
natives  to  the  amount  of  500,009. 
The  hill*  are  rich  in  mines,  and  in  fome 
of  the  rivers  there  is  gold  duft.  The 
copper  mines  oidy  are  worked,  which 
are  in  the  eaftem  part  of  the  ifland. 
Here  are  alfo  tbuntams  of  bitumen. 

CuvAGUA,  an  ifland  of  America, 
fltuated  between  that  of  Margaretta  and 
Terra  Finna,  liibje£l  to  Spain,  and  is 
about  8  miles  long.  There  are  a  num- 
ber of  pearls  eot  here,  but  not  of  the 
largeft  fize.  N.  lat.  10.  r5.  W.  long. 
34"  30' 

Cue NC  A,  or  Bamba,  a  city  and  con» 
(iderable  juriUli£l.on  in  the  province  of 
Quito,  in  Peru,  under  the  torrid  zone  \ 
lymg  in  15.  3.  4.9.  S.  lat.  The  town 
is  computed  to  contain  ao,  or  30,000 
people  {  and  the  weaving  of  baixe,  cot» 
tons,  tec.  is  carried  on  by  the  women, 
the  men  being  averfe  to  labour,  ami 
prone  to  all  manner  of  profligacy.  It 
ts  fltuated  on  the  river  Curary,  or  St. 
Jago}  which,  after  many  windings  from 
W.  to  E.  ^Is  at  laft  into  the  river  A- 
mazon.  The  town  (lands  at  the  foot  of 
the  Cordillera  mountains.  It  has  two 
convents,  and  lies  about  170  miles  S. 
of  Quito. 

Cue  YTB,  a  river  in  the  ifland  of  Cu^ 
ba,  which  abounds  with  aligators. 

CuLiACAN,  a  province  of  Guadalax* 
ara,  in  the  audience  ot  New-Oalicia,  in 
Mexico,  or  New- Spain.  It  has  Cinsdoa 
on  the  N.  New-Biiicay  and  the  Zacate< 
cas  on  the  £.  Chiametlan  on  the  S.  and 
the  gulf  of  California  on  the  W.  It  ia 
60  or  70  leagues  long  and  50  broad, 
(t  abounds  with  all  ibits  of  fruit.  The 
great  river  La  Sal  in  this  country  is 
well  inhabited  on  each  iide.  Accord* 
ing  to  Dampier,  it  is  a  fait  lake  or  bay, 
\n  which  is  good  anchorage,  though  it 
lias  a  narttiw  entrance,  and  runs  is 
leagues  £.  and  parallel  with  thefliore. 
I'hcre  are  (everal  bpanilh  farms,  and 
fait  ponds  about  it;  and  5  leagues  from 
it  are  two  rich  mines,  worked  by  flaves 
belonging  to  the  citizens  of  Compoi- 
telia.  Here  alfo  is  another  great  river, 
whole  banks  are  full  ol  wooiis  and  pal- 
tures.  On  this  river,  Guzman,  who 
diicovered  the  country,  built  a  towii, 
which  he  called  St.  Michael,  'Otrhich  fee. 
CuLPEPPKR,  a  county  in  Virginia, 
between  tlieBlue  Ridge  and  the  tide 

waters. 


CUM 

vn/ttft  which  contatna  *%,w$  inhabit, 
ants,  oif  whom  81*6  are  flaves.  The 
court'houfe  of  this  county  is  45  miles 
from  FrederickflHit<g,  and  95  from 
Charlottefville. 

CuMAMA,  or  CoKMMa,  the  capital  of 
New-Andalufia,  a  province  of  Terra 
Flrma,  S.  America.  It  fometimes  gives 
its  name  to  the  province.  The  Spa- 
niards built  this  city  in  15x0)  and  it  is 
defended  by  a  ftrone  caftle.  This  town, 
fays  Dampier,  ftands  near  the  mouth  of 
a  great  lake,  or  branch  of  the  fea,  call- 
ed Laguna  de  Carriacoj  about  which 
are  feveral  rich  towns ;  but  its  mouth  is 
fo  fliallow  that  no  fliips  of  burden  can 
enter  it.  It  is  fltuated  3  leagues  S.  of 
the  N.  Sea,  and  to  the  8.  W.  of  Mar- 
garetta,  in  about  10.  to.  it.  lat.  and  in 
6/^  so.  W.  long. 

CUMANAGATE,  a  fmall  town  in  a 
bay  on  the  coaft  of  Tjrra  Firma,  in  the 
province  of  Cumana,  or  Andalufia.  It 
IS  fituated  .on  a  low  flat  fliore,  which 
abounds  with  pearl  oyfters^ 

Cumberland,  h  harbour  in  the  ifl- 
and  of  Juan  Fernandes. 

CvMBERLAtiD,  a  harbout  on  the  S. 
E.  part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  and  one 
of  tne  fineft  in  tlie  Weft-IndJes,  capable 
of  iheltering  any  number  of  fliips.  N. 
lat.  10.  30.  W.  long.  76.  50.  It  is' 
ao  leagues  E.  from  St.  Jago  de  Cuba. 

Cumberland,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft 
of  Camden  co«  Georgia,  between  Prince 
William's  found  at  the  S.  end,  and  the 
mouth  of  Great  Satllla  R.  at  its  N  end, 
und  so  miles  S.  of  the  town  of  Prederi- 
ca.  Before  the  revolution  there  were 
two  forts,  called  William  and  St.  An- 
drews, on  this  ifland.  The  ibnner,  at 
the  S.  end,  commanded  the  inlet  of  A- 
melia's  found,  was  flrongly  pallifadoed 
and  defended  by  8  pieces  of  cannon, 
and  had  barracks  for  «oo  men,  ttore- 
houfes,  &c. ;  within  the  pallifadnes 
were  fine  fprings  of  water. 

Cumberland,  a  harbour  on  the  E. 
ftde  of  Wafliington's  ifles,  on  the  N. 
W.  coaft  of  N.  America.  It  lies  S.  of 
Skitikife,  and  N.  of  Cummafliawaa. 

CUMBER.L4N3,  a  bay  ir  the  rooft 
northern  part  oi  Ameri*"'}  its  mouth 
lies  under  the  polair  circle,  and  run«  to 
the  N,  W.  and  W.  and  is  thought  to 
communicate  with  Baffin's  bay  on  the 

Cumberland  Houfi,  one  of  the 
HudfoQ  bay  company's  faAocies  is  fttu- 


C  U  M 


11^ 


ated  In  New  South  Wales  in  North  A- 
mcrica,  158  miles  E.  N.  E.  of  Hud.  ' 
Ton's  houfe,  on  the  8.  fideoi'  PincUIand 
lake.  N.  lat.  5^.  j6  41.  W.long.  101. 
13.    Stc  Ntl/ba  rivtr. 

Cumberland,  a  tbrtinNewT^runf. 
wick,  fltuated  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Fundy,  on  the  E.  fide  of  its  northern 
branch.  It  ir  capabh;  of  accomodating 
300  men. 

Cumberland,  a  county  of  New. 
Braniwick,  which  comprehends  the 
lands  at  the. head  of  the  bay  of  Fundy, 
on  the  bafon  called  Chebe£ton,  and  the 
rivers  which  empty  into  it.  It  has  fe> 
veral  townfliips ;  thofi.*  which  are  jtttled 
are  Cumberland,  Sackvillc,  Amherft, 
HillflKM-ough,  and  Hopewell.  It  18  wa- 
tei  ed  by  the  rivers  Au  Lac,  Mtlfiquafliy 
Napan  Macon*  Memiramcook,  Percou- 
dia,  Chepodi^,'  and  Herbert.  The  } 
firft  rivers  are  navigable  3  or  4  miles  t<Mr 
veflels  of  5  tons.  The  Napan  ami  Ma.i 
con  ace  ihoal  rivers )  The  Herbert  it 
navigable  to  its  head,  i«  miles,  in  boats  { 
the  others  are  navigable  4  or  5  miles, 

Cumberland,  n  town  of  New. 
Brunfwick,  in  the  county  of  Us  own 
name.     Here  are  coal  mines. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  the  diftrift  of 
Maine,  lies  between  York  and  Lincoln 
counties ;  has  the  Atlantic  ocean  «n  the 
S.  and  Canada  on  the  N.  Its  fea 
coaft,  formed  into  numerous  bays  smd 
lined  with  a  multitude  of  Iruitftil  iflands, 
is  nearly  40  miles  in  extent  in  a  ftraight 
line.  Saco  river,  which  runs  S.  fafter- 
ly  into  tlie  ocean,  is  the  dividing  line 
be<..ween  this  county  and  York  on  the 
S.  W.  Cape  Elizabeth  and  CaTco  bay 
are  in  this  county.'  Cumberland  is  di" 
vided  into  14  townfllfps,  of  wMch  Port- 
land is  the  chief.  It  contains  it5i45l>. 
inhabitants.  ■   '^      ■    1 

Cumberland  C«.  in  New-Jerfey,  is  / 
boundcti  S.  by  Delaware  iiay,  N.  by/ 
Gloucefter  CO.  S.  E,  by  Cape  May,  an^ 
W.  by  Salem  co.  It  i$  divided  into  7 
townmips,  of  which  Fairfield  and  Green- 
wich are  the  chief;  and  contains  81:48 
inhabitants,  of  whom  tso  are  flaves. 

Cumberland,  the  N.  eafternmoft 
townfljip  of  the  ftate  of  Rhod&.Ifland, 
Providence  co.  Pawtiicket  biii^ge  and 
falls,  in  this  town,  are  4  miles  N.  E.  of 
Providence.  It  cor.itains  1964  inhabit- 
ants,  and  is  the  t^nly  town  in  the  ftats 
which  has  no  flav>.'S. 

CuMBERLAori)  C§.  la  Pennfylnubta, 

it 


Jt6 


CUM 


is  boonM  N.  md  N.  W.  by  Mifflin } 
E.  mdV.  £.  by  Surquehmnah  R.  which 
dhridM  it  from  Dauphin }  8.  by  York, 
and  8.  W.  hv  Franklin  co.  It  is  47 
miles  in  lengtn,  and  4s  in  breadth,  and 
has  10  townfliips,  of  which  Carlifle  is 
the  chief.  ,The  county  is  generally 
mountainous }  but  between  l^rth  and 
South  mountain,  on  each  fide  of  Cone- 
doswinet  creek,  there  is  «n  extenfive, 
riehf  and  well  cultivated  valley.  It 
contains  i8,s43  inhabitants,  of  whom 
as  3  are  flaves. 

CVMBERLAND,  a  townfliip  in  York 
CO.  Poinlylvania.— —  Alfo  the  name  of 
a  townfliip  in  Wafliington  co.  in  the 
fsime  ftate. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  Fayette  di- 
tbr'i&t  N.  Carolina,  contains  8671  inha. 
bitants,  of  whom  a  1 8 1  are  flaves.  Chief 
town  Fayetteville. 

Cumberland,  a  townfliip  of  the 
above  county,  in  N.  Carolina. 

Cumberland,  a  poft  town  and  the 
chief  townfliip  of  Alleghany  co.  Mary> 
land,  lies  on  the  N.  bank  of  a  great 
bend  of  Potowmack  R.  and  on  both 
ildes  of  the  mouth  of  Wiirs  creek.  It 
is  148  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore, 
109  meafured  miles  above  Georgetown, 
and  about  105  N.  W.  of  Wamington 
city.  Fort  Cumberland  ftood  formerly 
at  the  W.  fide  of  the  mouth  of  Will's 
creek.  / 

Cumberland  Co.  in  Virginia,  on 
the  N.  fide  of  Appamatox  river,  which 
divides  it  from  Prifice  Edward.  It  con- 
tains 8153  inhabitants,  of  whom  4434 
are  flaves.  The  court>houle  is  a8  miles 
from  Powhatan  court-houfr,  and  5  s 
from  Richmond. 

CuMB«U.AND  Mountain,  occupies  a 
uart  of  tMic  uninhabited  country  of  the 
Mate  of  TenneiTee,  between  the  diftri6ls 
tpf  Wafliington  and  Hamilton  and  Mero 
4iftri£l;  and  between  the  two  firft 
r^iiinied  diftrISs  and  the  ftate  of  Ken- 
tucky. The  ridge  is  about  30  miles 
hroaot  and  extends  from  Crow  creeic, 
on  Tenncflire  R.  from  S.  W.  to  N.  E. 
The  pbce  where  the  Tenweiree  breaks 
throurh  the  Great  ridge,  cailed  the 
IFKHor  Siukf  is  250  miles  above  the 
Mufcle  flioals.  Limeftone  is  found  on 
both  fiL^ss  the  mountain.  1  :.e  moun- 
tain confilts  of  the  moft  ftupendous 
piles  of  craggy  rock*  of  any  mountain 
in  the  weftern  country.  In  feveral  parts 
^f  k,.it  is  iuacecflibte  ftx  roilcs»  even  to 


CUM 

the  Indlant  on  foot.  In  one  |Jac«  par*  ' 
ticularly,  near  the  fummit  of  the  moun- 
uin,  there  is  a  moft  remarkable  ledge  of 
rocks  of  about  30  miles  in  length,  and 
aoo  feet  thick,  fliewing  a  perpnidicular 
het  to  thte  8.  E.  more  noble  and  grand 
than  any  artificial  fortification  in  the 
known  world,  and  appaitntly  equal  in 
point  of  regularity. 

Cumberland  R,  called  by  the  In- 
dians  *<  Shawanee,"  and  by  the  French 
**  Shavanon,"  falls  into  the  Ohio  10 
mil^s  above  the  mouth  of  Tenneflee  R. 
and  about  14  miles  due  E.  from  fort 
MalTac,  and  1 1 1 3  below  Pittfburg.  It 
is  navigable  for  large  veflels  to  Nafli- 
ville  in  Tenneflee,  and  from  thence  to 
the  mouth  of  Obed's  or  Obaa  R.  The 
Caney  fofk,  Haraeth,  Stones,  Red,  and 
Obed's,  are  its  chief  branches }  fome  of 
them  are  navigable  to  a  great  diftance. 

The  Cumberland  mountains  in  Vir- 
ginia  feparate  the  head  waters  of  this 
river  from  thofe  of  Clinch  R.  It  runs 
S.  W.  till  it  comes  near  the  S.  line  of 
Kentucky,  when  its  courfe  tawefterly, 
in  general,  through  Lincoln  co.  recei- 
ving many  ftreams  from  each  fide} 
thence, it  flows  S.  W.  into  the  ftate  of 
Tennefl*ee,  where  it  takes  a  winding 
courfe,  inclofing  Sumner,  Davidfon,  and 
Tennciflee  counties ;  afterwards  it  takes 
a  N.  weftern  direAion  and  re-enters  the 
fbte  of  Kentucky ;  and  from  thence  it 
preferves  nearly  an  uniform  diftance 
from  TenneiTee  R.  to  its  mouth,  where 
it  is  300  yards  wide.  It  is  100  yards 
broad  at  Nafliville,  and  its  whole  length 
is  computed  to  be  above  450  mUes. 

CuMBERLAND-River,  a  place  ib 
called,  where  a  uoft  ofiice  is  kept,  in 
TenneiTee,  13  miles  from  Cumberland 
mountain,  and  80  from  the  Crab-Or- 
chard in  Kentucky. 

CvMMAiHhW  AS, or  Cummajbaivaat 
a  found  at^  village  on  the  £.  fide  of 
Waftiington  ifland,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.  America  The  poit  is  capacious 
and  I'afe,  and  its  mouth  lies  in  53.  s.  30. 
N.  lat.  and  in  si8.  11.  W.  long.  In 
this  port  Capt.  Ingraham  rt  .nained  fome 
time;  and  ne  oblerves,  in  his  journal, 
that  here,  in  direJ^  opbofition  to  moft 
other  parts  of  the  world,  the  women 
maintained  a  precedency  to  the  men  in 
every  point ;  mfomuch  that  a  man  dares 
not  trade  without  the  concurrence  bf 
his  wife ;  and  that  he  has  often  been 
witoeft  to  men's  being  abuTed  for  part- 
ing 


CUR 

fng  with  ikim  b«fore  t''eir  approbation 
was  obtained  J  and  thu  precedency  of. 
ten  occafioned  much  dltturbance. 

CVMMiNOTON>atownfliipmHamp- 
fliireco.  MaflkchiU'etts,  having  873  in- 
hahitanrs }  lying  about  so  miles  N.  W. 
of  Northampton,  and  1 10  N.  W.  by  W. 
of   Bufton.     It    was  incorporated   in 

«779« 
CuRASsov,   Curafoa  'or  S^umfoa^ 

an  ifland  in  tlie  Weft-Indies,  belonging 
to  the  Dut'^h,  9  or  10  leagues  N.  E. 
from  C»pe  Roman,  on  the  continent  of 
Terra  Firma.  It  is  fituated  ip  11  de- 
grees N.  lat.  9  or  10  Lagues  from  the 
continent  of  Terra  Firma,  is  30  miles 
long,  and  10  broad.  It  feems  as  if  it 
were  fated,  that  the  ingenuity  and  pa. 
tience  of  the  Hollanders  (hoiild  every 
wherei  both  in  Europe  and  America, 
be  emnloyed  in  fightini;  sgainll  an  un- 
friendly  nature;  for  tlte  iiland  is  not 
only  barren,  and  dependent  on  the  rains 
fur  its'water,  but  the  hafbour  is  natural. 
ly  one  of  the  worft  in  America :  yet 
the  Dutch  have  entirely  remedied  that 
defc£l^  they  have  upon  this  harbour 
one  of  the  largell,  and  by  far  the  molt 
elegant  and  cleanly  towns  in  the  Weft 
Indies.  The  public  buildings  are  nu- 
merous and  bandlbmej  the  private 
houfcs  commodious }  and  the  m^an- 
zines  larsre,  convenient,  and  well  hlled. 
All  kind  of  labuur  is  here  performed 
by  engines ;  fome  of  them  lb  well  con- 
trived, that  (hips  are  at  once  lifted  into 
the  dock. 

Though  this  ifland  is  naturally  bar- 
ren, the  induftry  of  the  Dutch  has 
brought  it  to  produce  a  confiderab'e 
<]uantity  both  of  tobacco  and  lugar; 
it  has,  befides,  good  (alt  works,  for  the 
produce  of  which  there  is  a  brifk  de- 
mand from  the  Englifh  iflands,  and  the 
colonies  on  the  continent.  But  what 
renders  this  ifland  of  moft  advantage  to 
the  Dutch,  is  the  contraband  trade 
which  is  carried  on  between  the  inha- 
bitants and  the  Spaniards,  and  their 
harbour  being  the  rendezvous  to  all  na- 
tions in  time  of  war. 

The  Dutch  fliips  from  Europe  touch 
at  this  ifland  for  intelligence,  or  pilots, 
and  thci\  proceed  to  the  Spanifli  coafts 
for  traile,  which.they  force  with«  ftrong 
hand,  it  being  very  difficult  for  the 
Si)anift»  guarda  coftus  to  take  the(e  vef- 
fels ;  for  they  arc  not  only  ftout  fliips, 
<hrith  a  number  of  guns,  but  aie  mwmed 


CUR 


fay 


with  large  crewa  of  chorcn  frnmenk 
deeply  intereftcd  in  the  fafety  of  the  vcfr 
fel  and  the  fuccefs  of  the  voyage.  Thqr 
have  each  a  (hare  in  the  ewrgo,  of  a  va- 
lue proportioned  to  the  ftntion  of  the 
owner,  fuoplied  by  the  merchants  u>ioa 
credit,  and  nt  a  prime  coft.  Thit  koif. 
mates  them  with  an  uncommon  couragey 
and  they  fight  bravely,  becaufe  everjr 
man  fights  in  defence  of  hi*  own  pit), 
perty.  Befides  this,  there  l<i  a  conltanc 
intercourfe  between  thit  ifland  and  tiK 
Spanifh  continent. 

CuraiTou  has  numerous  Wi%re1iou(e«b 
always  full  of  the  commodities  of  En. 
rope  and  the  Eaft-Indiet.  Hent  are  all 
forts  of  woolen  and  Imen  cloth,  laces, 
fiiks,  ribbands,  iron  utenfils,  naval  an4 
military  fiores,  brandy,  the  fpices  iitf  the 
Moluccas,  and  the  calicoes  of  India, 
white  and  painted.  Hither  the  Dutch 
Wefl- India  which  is  alfo  their  AFricvi 
Company,  annually  bring  three  or  four 
cargoes  of  flaves ;  and  to  this  mart  ther 
Spaniards  thsmfelves  come  in  fmnll  vef- 
fels,  and  carry  ofTnoftmly  the  beft  of 
the  negroes,  at  a  very  high  price,  but 
great  quantities  of  all  the  above  fortS 
of  goo<l8  {  and  the  feller  has  this  ad- 
vantage,  that  the  refufe  of  warriwufb 
and  mercers'  fhops,  and  eveiy  thing 
that  is  grown  nnfsuhionable  and  nnfale- 
able  in  Europe,  go  off  here  extremely 
well  5  every  thing  being  fufficiently  re- 
commended by  its  being  European. 
Tl\e  Spaniards  pay  in  gold  or  filver, 
coined  or  in  bars,  cocoa,  vanilla,  jefuits 
bark,  cochineal,  and  other  vaJuabls 
commodities.  , 

The  trade  of  CurafTou,  even  in  times 
of  peace,  is  faid  to  be  annually  worth 
to  the  Dutch,  no  Icfs  than  ^.500,000.  f 
but  in  time  of  war  the  profit  is  ftili 
i>reater,_  for  then  it  becomes  the  com- 
mon emporium  of  the  Weft-Indies  j  ie 
affords  a  retreat  to  fhips  of  all  nations, 
and  at  the  fame  time  refufes  none  of 
them  arms  and  ammunition  to  deftroy 
one  another.  The  intercourfe  with 
Spain  being  then  internipted,  the  Spa- 
nifli colonies  have  fcarcely  any  other 
inarket  from  whence  they  can  be  well 
fiiuplicd  either  with  flaves  or  goods.^ 
The  French  come  hither  to  buy  the' 
beef,  pork,  corn,  fiour,  and  lumber, 
which  are  brouglit  from  the  continent 
of  N.  America,  or  exported  from  Ire- 
land J  fo  that,  whether  in  pestce  or  iir 
war,  the  trade  of  this  ifland  HovrMietf 

exu'emely* 


!•• 


cus 


•xtremcly.  The  Dutch  took  thii  ifland 
from  the  Spmiards  in  li^z. 

CtmiACOi  a  bay  m  Terra  Firma,  S. 
^America,  on  the  North  Sea. 

CuRRiTVCK  Co.  it  fituafed  on  the 
Im  coaft  of  Htienton  diftri£t,  N.  Caro- 
Kna»  and  formi  the  N.  E.  comer  of  the 
Kate )  bcinff  bounded  E.  by  Currituck 
Ibund,  N  oy  the  ftate  of  Virginia,  S. 
by  Albemarle  found,  and  W.  by  Cam- 
den co.;  containing  5x19  inhabitants, 
•f  whom  1103  are  flavet.  Difmal 
fWamp  lies  in  this  county,  on  the  S.  fidt 
•f  Albemarle  (bund,  and  is  now  fup- 
poftd  td  contain  one  of  the  molt  valuable 
rice  eftatea  in  America.  In  the  midft 
of  this  Dilmnl,  which  contains  upwards 
of  350,000  acres,  is  a  lake  of  about  11 
milea  long  and  7  miles  hi»ail.    A  navi- 

Eble  canal,  ao  teet  wide  and  5^  miles 
isr,  conne^s  the  waters  of  the  lake 
with  the  head  of  Skuppemong  river. 
About  500  yards  from  the  lake,  the 
proprietors  have  ere^ed  feveral  faw 
mills  I  and  as  the  water  of  the  lake  is 
higher  than  the  banks  of  the  canal,  the 
company  can  at  any  time  lay  under  wa- 
ter about  to,ooo  acres  of  rich  I'wanip, 
which  proves  admirably  fitted  for  rice. 
For  an  account  of  the  other  Dlimal,  lee 

CvRRiTVCK,  or  Caratwikf  a  town- 
ftip  in  the  diftri^l  of  Maine,  18  miles 
above  Norridgewalk.  In  i79«  this  was 
the  uppermoft  fettlement  on  Kennebeck 
river,  and  then  coniifted  of  about  ao 
families. 

Cvico,  the  ancient  capital  of  the 
Peruvian  empire,  in  S.  Amei  ica,  is  fitu- 
ated  in  the  motmtainous  country  of  Pe- 
rUf  in  I*.  »s.  S.  lat.  and  70.  W.  long, 
and  lias  long  been  on  the  decline.  It  is 
yet  a  very  confiderable  place,  having 
about  so,ooo  inhabitants.  This  fa- 
nous  city  was  founded  by  the  firft  Ynca, 
or  Inca  Mango,  as  the  feat  and  capital 
of  his  empire.  The  Spaniards,  under 
Don  Francifco  Pizarro,  entered  and  took 
pofleflionof  it  in  the  year  1534.  On 
a  mountain  contiguous  to  the  N.  part 
of  the  city,  are  tM  ruins  of  tiie  famous 
fort  and  Psdace  of  the  Yncas,  th  j  ftunes 
of  which  are  of  an  enormous  magni- 
tude. Three  fourths  of  the  inhabitants 
are  Indians,  who  are  very  induftriuus  in 
inanufii6iuring  baize,  cotton  and  leath- 
er. They  have  alfi>  here,  as  well  as  at 
Quito,  a  tafte  for  painting)  fome  of 
tb«ir  p^FfennaiiKe*  have  been  adnured 


C  tjf* 

even  in  Italy,  and  are  difperfed  all  ovef 
South- An:  *rica. 

CvscowiLLA,  in  EaA-FloricIa,  is  the 
capital  of  the  Aluchua  tribe  of  Indians, 
and  ftands  in  the  moft  pleafant  fitua. 
tion  that  could  be  defired  in  an  iohnd 
country;  upon  a  high,  (welling  ridge 
of  fand  hills,  within  joo  or  400  yards 
of  a  laree  and  beautiful  lake,  abound- 
ing with  fifli  and  fowl.  The  lake 
is  terminated  on  one  fnle  by  extenfive 
forefts,  confifting  of  orange  groves,  over- 
topped with  grand  magnolias,  palms, 
poplar,  ti!ia,  live-oaks,  &c. ;  on  the 
other  fide  by  extenHve  green  pfai:is  and 
meadows.  The  town  confins  of  30 
habitations,  each  of  which  conlifts  of  a 
houfes,  nearly  of  the  fame  fize,  large 
and  convenient,  and  covered  cbfowitli 
the  bark  of  the  eyprefs  tree.  Each  has 
a  little  garden  fpot,  containing  corn, 
beans,  tobacco,  and  other  vegetables. 
In  the  great  Alachua  favannah,  about  3 
miles  diftant,  is  an  inclofcd,  plantation, 
which  is  worked  and  tended  by  the 
whole  community,  yet  every  family -has 
its  particular  part.  Each  family  gath- 
ers and  depofits  in  its  granary  its  proper 
(hare,  fettmg  apait  a  (mall  contribution 
for  the  public  granary,  which  ftands  vtk 
the  midft  of  the  plantation. 

CvsHAi,  a  fmall river  which  empties 
into  Albemarle  (bund,  between  Cbowan 
and  the  Roanoke,  in  North  Carolina. 

CusHETUNK  Mimntoi/w,  11^  Himter- 
don  CO.  New-Jcrfey. 

CusHiNG,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co. 
diftrifl  of  Maine,  feparated  from  War- 
ren and  Thomafton  by  St.  George's  R. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1789,  contains 
94%  inhabitants,  and  lies  ai6  miles  W. 
byN.  ofBofton. 

CvssENs,  a  fmall  R.  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  which  runs  a  S.  £.  courfe 
to  Cafco-bay,  between  the  towns  of 
Freeport  and  North- Yannoutb. 

CvssKWAOA,  a  fettlement  in  Penn- 
fylvania. 

CussiTAH,  an  Indian  town  in  the 
weftcrn  pait  of  Georgia,  11  miles  above 
the  Broken  Ariow,  on  Chattahoofec 
river. 

CuTTS  Iflandt  a  fmall  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  York  co.  Maine.  See  Nedtkck 
rivery  Cafe. 

CuYA,  or  CutiOt  a  province  of  Chili, 
in  S.  America,  and  in  the  government 
of  Santa  Cruz  in  the  Siena.  The 
principal  conunodities  are  honey  and 

wax. 


ch  (lands  in 


DAN 

wax.  -^Tbt  chief  town  is  St.  John  d« 
^lontiera. 

CvzcATLAK.  See  5t,  Stln^iM  R. 
in  Kew-Spaiiu 

CvzvusUt  an  ifland  in  ithe  Drovince 
of  Yucatan,  and  audience  of  'Mexico, 
fituated  in  the  bay  of  Honduras  |  15 
leagues  long  and  5  broad  i  its  piincipal 
town  is  Santa  Cruz.    M.  lat.  19.  long. 

«7. 

CrvKvt  Swat^,  in  Delaware  ftate. 
See  Indian  river, 

D 

DAGSBOROUGH,  a  pod  town  in 
Suflex  CO.  Delaware*  fituated  on 
the  N.  W.  bank  of  Peper''s  creek*  a 
branch  of  Indian  river,  and  contains 
ahout4o  houies.  It  is  19  miles  from 
Broad  hill,  or  Clowe's  and  127  S.  from 
Philiulelphia. 

Dalton,  a  fine  townflilp  in  Berk- 
fliire  CO.  Maflacliufetts,  having  Pittf- 
field  on  the  W.  and  contains  554  in- 
habkantr.  The  ftage  road  from  Bofton 
to  Albany  runs  through  it.  Dalton 
was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  lies  135 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bofton,  and  about 
3  5  the  fame  courle,  from  Northampton. 

Dalton,  a  townlhip  in  Grafton  co. 
New-Hampihire,  firft  called  Apthorpe, 
was  incorporated  in  1 784 ,  and  has  only 
14  inhabitants.  It  lies  on  the  £.  bank 
of  Connecticut  R.  at  the  15  mile  falls, 
oppafite  Concord,  in  Eflex  co.  Vermont. 

Dambriscotta  Great  Bay,  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  Maine,  is  about  4  noiles  in  cir< 
cumference. 

Dameriscotta  R.  a  fmallftreara 
in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  which  falls  into 
Booth-bny.  A  company  has  been 
lately  incorporated  to  build  a  bridge 
over  it. 

Dampj|[erV  StraiUt  are  between  the 
K.  E.  point  of  New  Guinea,  and  the 
S.  W.  point  of  New-Britain,  S.  lat. 
i.  15.  E.  long,  from  Paris,  146. 

Dan,  a  cunfiderable  river  of  N.  Ca- 
rolina, which  unites  with  the  Staunton, 
and  forms  the  Koanoke.  In  May,  1795, 
a  boat  53  ft;«t  long,  and  about  7  tons 
burden,  palled  from  Upper  Saiu'a  town 
to  Halifax,  about  zoo  miles  above  Hali- 
fax, under  thedire^ion  of  Mr.  Jeremiah 
Wade.  She  brought  about  9  hhds. 
from  the  above  place,  6  ot  which  ihe 
diicharged  at  St.  Tamiay,  40  miles 
^^^f  Wi»x  J  to  which  phwe  the  R. 


D  A  If  '  9Jt 

hM'bflcn  ckMtA  W  iht  fkiatioM  af 
individuaU.  Fnm  it*  T«Miny  to  H** 
lifax,  ihe  brought  abaqt  xom  imdkt 
through  the  Mb,  which  hithene  Hiid 
been  dcsmed  impailiible.  Mr  Wadi 
thinke,  fhfe  navigation  fiar  boats  of  i 
larger  buiden  may  be  madcat  a  fnaaU 
expence.  The  faiqpus  Burftcd  hiH 
ftands  on  the  bank  of  the  Ban,  in  Vir- 

finia,  near  the  borders  of  N.  CaroUai* 
t  appears  to  have  been  on  ancient  voU 
cano.  There  are  large  rocks  of  the  k* 
va,  or  melted  nutter,  from  1000  to 
1 500  weight,  lying  on  the  fumroit  of 
the  hill.  The  crater  i«  paitly  filkd» 
and  covered  with  lai^^e  trees. 

Danbury,  a  poft  town  ia  the  co«  «f 
Fairfield,  in  Connc£Uout.  It  was  fct« 
tied  in  16S7,  and  the  compa£k  ]Mut  of 
the  town  containi  %  churches,  a  coiirt« 
houfe,  and  about  60  dwelling-houfte^ 
On  its  fmall  fireams  are  iron  works* 
and  feveral  mills.  Mr.  Laiarus  BesA 
prefented  to  the  Muieum  in  New*  York 
city,  a  quire  of  p^r,  made  of  ths 
aflieftos,  at  his  pamer  mill  in  Danbwy* 
March,  1791,  wiiich  the  hottcft  fire 
would  not  confume.  It  lies  about  70 
mike  N.  E.  of  New. York  city,  and  )] 
N.  W.  by.  W.  of  New-Haven.  This 
town,  with  a  Urge  quantity  of  military 
ftoiea,  was  burnt  by  the  Britiih  on  the 
t6th  of  April,  1777. 

Dan  BY,  a  townfhip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  £.  of  Pawlet,  and  contains 
lao^  inhabitants.  It.  lies  about  js 
milei  N.  of  Bennington. 

Danibl,  Psirtt  on  the  noithem  fide 
of  Chaleur  Bay,  \«  a  commodious  hw* 
hour  for  veflels  of  a  confiderable  draught 
of  water.  It  afibrds  a  cod  fifher}-,  and 
is  about  9  leagues  from  Pltto,  wefl* 
north-weft  of  Cape  Defpair. 

Damish  America.  In  the  Weft- 
Indies  the  Danes  podefs  the  iflands  of 
St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  or  Santa  Cms, 
and  St.  John^s;  which  are  defcribcd 
und«r  their  refpe^ive  names. 

The  Danilh  policy,  in  refpefl  to  their 
iflanUs,  is  wife,  and  delicrving  of  imita« 
tion.  Thefe  iflands  were  ill  managed* 
and  of  little  confequence  to  the  Danee, 
whilft  in  the  hanjds  of  an  exclufwe  com-  . 
pany ;  but  fince  the  late  kuig  bought 
up  the  company's  fh)ck,  and  laid  the 
trade  open,  the  jflands  have  been  great* 
ly  improved.  Santa  Crue,  a  perfeft 
defert  aiiaw  years  fince,  haslisen  brought 
to  a  high  ftate  of  cultivationi  producmg 

I  annually 


ISO  DAN 

twiwtty  ^rtwwMi  3*  wd  40)000  lihdi. 
«f  fitfur*  of  vpwHrdt  of  i)  cwt.  eachi 
lid  contaiiw  jooo  white*  ind  90,000 
tutgnit.  By  m  cdia  of  the  DMiifli 
USJi*  no  flavei  are  to  be  imported  into 
hii  Ubndt  after  the  year  ilo»|  till 
theot  their  tmj^ortation  it  encouraged 
Iw  a  tew  operatu^  aa  a  bminty.  Many 
of  the  inhanitanta  of  Greenland,  and  ne- 
fraea  of  the  Danifli  W.  India  iflanda. 
Save  embraced  Chriftianitv  under  the 
Moravian  mifliooariei,  who  are  un< 
wearied  in  tlMir  humane  exertions  to 
Bcomoie  the  happinefa  of  thoie  who  can 
paftow  no  earthly  reward. 

DAMVaaSt  a  townlhip  in  Eflex  co. 
Ma&chufetts,  adjoining  Salem  on  the 
K .  W.  in  which  it  wa*  formerly  com- 
wchended  by  tlie  name  of  Salem  Til- 
lage. It  confifta  of  two  parifliea,  and 
contains  a4e5  inhabitants,  and  was  in- 
corporated in  1 7  57 .  The  moft  confider- 
able  and  compaa  fettlement  in  it,  is 
ibrmed  by  a  continuation  of  the  princir 
pal  ftreet  of  Salem,  which  extends  more 
than  two  miles  toward  the  country,  ha- 
ving many  worii  flwps  of  mechanics,  and 
feveral  fcrretailinggoods.  Laree  quan- 
tities of  bricks  and  coarfe  eartGen  ware 
are  manufaAured  here.  Another  plea- 
iiuit  and  thrhring  fettlement  i«  at  the  head 
of  Beverly  R.  called  New.MUU{  when 
a. few  vefleis  are  built  and  owned.  The 
town  of  Oanvers  receives  an  annual 
compcnfatioa  of  £.  10  from  the  prouri- 
cton  ol  Eficx  bridge,  for  the  obllruAion 
of  the  river. 

Danvillb,  a  thriving  poft  town  in 
Mercer  co.  and  formerly  the  metropo- 
Us  of  Kentucky,  pleafantiy  lituated  in  a 
large,  fertile  jdain,  on  the  S.  W.  fide 
of  Dick's  R.  35  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Lex- 
ington.  It  confiits  of  about  50  houles, 
and  a  Preibyterian  church.  From  Leef- 
burg  to  Danville,  the  countiy,  for  the 
firft  30  miles,  is  of  an  inferior  rate  for 
lands  in  this  country ;  but  round  Lex- 
ington, and  from  Lct-fburg  to  Lexing- 
ton and  Boonftmrough,  is  the  richefl 
land  in  the  country.  It  is  40  miles 
p.  by  E.  of  Frankfort,  8)  from  Louil- 
jrillef  aoi  from  Hawkins  in  Tenncflee, 
and  I30  from  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  37. 
30*  W.  loi^.  S5.  30. 
s  DANVil.l.l,«  very  thriving  townfhip 
ih  Caledonia  co.  Vermont.  It  was  a 
wiMemeis,  without  fo  much  as  a  ftngte 
fiunilyt  ft  6w  years  ago,  and  now  con- 


D  AR 

talni  574  inhabitants.    It  Uea  t  mllea 
N.  W.  ofBarnet. 

Darmy,  a  (hull  town  in  Delawara 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  E.  fide  of  Oar- 
by  creek.  It  contains  about  50  bonfes, 
and  a  Quaker  meetfaig-houle,  and  lies 
7  miles  STW.  by  W.  of  PhiladelphU. 
There  are  two  townfliips  of  this  name, 
in  the  county,  called  Upper  and  Lower, 
from  their  relative  (ituation. 

Dariin,  «r  TtfTM  FirmM  Pr^ptr,  is 
the  northern  divifion  of  Terra  Firma  or 
Caftile  del  Oro.    It  is  a  narrow  ifthmus, 
that,  projperly  liking,  joins  N.  and 
S.  America  together}  but  is  generally 
reckoned  as  part  of  the  latter.    It » 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexi- 
co {  on  the  S.  by  the  Sotith  Tea )  on  the 
E.  by  the  river  or  Gulf  of  Darien,  and  on 
the  W.  by  another  part  of  the  South  Sea 
and  the  province  of  Veragua.    It  lies  in 
the  form  of  a  bow  or  crelcent,  about  the 
gmt  bay  of  Panama,  in  the  South-Sea, 
and  is  300  miles  in  length.    Its  breadth 
has  generally  been  reckoned  60  miles 
from  N.  to  S. }  but  it  is  only  37  miles 
broad  from  Porto  3cllo  to  Panama,  the 
two  chief  towns  of  the  province.    The 
former  lies  inN.  lat.  9.  34.  35.  W.  long. 
Si.  ca.  I  the  latter  in  N.  lat  t.  57. 4S. 
W.  long.  Si.   This  province  is  not  the 
richeft,  but  is  of  the  greatelk  impor- 
tance to  Spain,  and  has  been  tlw  icene 
of  mora  aftions    than  any   other  in 
America.     The  wealth  of   Peru    is 
brought  hither,  and  from   hence  ex- 
ported to  Europe.    Few  of  the  rivers 
in  this  country  are  navieable,  having 
(hoals  at  their  mouths.    Some  of  them 
bring   down  gold  duft)    and  on  the 
coaifare  valuable  pearl  fifheries.    Nei- 
ther of  the  oceans  fall  in  at  once  upon 
the  fliore,  but   are  intercepted  by    a 
^at  maiiv  valuable  iflands,  that  lie 
Icattercd  along  the  coaft.    The  iflands 
in  the  bay  of  Panama  are  numerous : 
in  the  eulf  of  Darien  are  three  of  con- 
fiderable   iiae,  viz.      Golden    Iflaud  ; 
another,  the  largeft  of  the  three,  and  the 
ifland  of  Pines  j   beiides  fmaller  ones. 
The  narrowed  part  of  the  ifthmus  i« 
called  fomctimes  the  ifthmus  of  Pana- 
ma.   The  countty  about  it  is  made  up 
of  low  fickly  vallies,  and  mountains  of 
iueh  ftupendous  height,  that  thev  feem 
to  be  placed  by  nature  as  etetnai  bar- 
rien  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
oceans,  which  here  approach  fo  near 
each  other:^  that,  from  toeft  mountains, 

the 


D  AR' 
tht  watm  of  both  cm  bt  pbtoly  ftcn 
at  the  Tmim  time,  awl  fomingly  at  • 
very  finall  diftance.  The  rocky  nMun- 
tains  ben  forbid  the  idea  of  a  canal  { 
but  by  going  into  ta.  N.  lat.  and  Join- 
ing the  head  of  Nicaragua  lake  to  a 
finall  rivcTj  which  rune  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  a  communication  between  the 
two  ftai  become*  ■raAicablc }  and  by 
digging  30  milea  through  a  level,  bw 
country,  a  tedious  naiigittion,  of  1 0,000 
milet*  round  Ca)ie  Horn,  might  be 
ikved.  What  would  be  the  confequcncee 
of  fuch  a  junction,  is  not  eafy  to 
fay  {  but  it  is  very  probable,  that,  in  a 
length  of  years,  fuch  a  junAion  would 
wear  away  the  earthy  partidec  of  the 
ifthmus,  and  form  a  broiul  ftrait  be- 
tween the  oceans  i  in  which  cafe,  the 
Gulfftream  would  ceafe,  being  turned 
into  a  different  channel  j  and  a  voyage 
round  the  world  become  an  inconiidera- 
ble  thing. 

The  Scotch  nation  had  fo  juft  an  idea 
of  the  great  importance  of  this  ifthmus, 
that  they  got  pofleflion  of  a  part  of  the 
province  in  1699,  and  though  among 
the  poorett  nations  in  Europe,  attempt- 
ed  to  form  an  eftabliihntent  more  ufeni>! 
and  of  more  real  importance,  «!!  the 
parts  of  the  plan  coniidered,  than  had 
perhaps  ever  been  undertaken  by  the 
greateft  nation  in  the  world."  The  pro- 
jeftor  and  leader  of  the  Darien  expe- 
dition was  a  clergymen,  of  the  name  of 
Paterfon.  The  riie,  progrefs,  and  ca- 
taftt-ophe,  of  this  well-conceived,  but 
ill-fated  undertaking,^  has  been  dcfcrib- 
ed,  in  a  very  interelting  manner,  by  Sir 
John  Dalrymple,  in  the  10th  vol.  of  his 
memoirs  of  Great- Britain  and  Ireland. 
The  fund  i'ubicribed,  for  carrying  this 
great  projeft  into  eff«£l,  amounted  to 
^.900,000  fterling,  viz.  ^.4.00,000  Tub- 
I'cribed  by  the  Scotch,  300,000  by  the 
Engliih,  and  100,000  by  the  Dutch  and 
Hamburghers.  The  Darien  council 
aver,  in  their  papers,  that  the  right  of 
the  company  was  debated  before  King 
William  III.  in  the  prefence  of  the 
Spanifli  ambaflador,  before  the  colony 
left  Scotland }  and  while  the  eftablifli- 
nent  of  the  colony  had  been  in  agita- 
tion, Spain  had  made  no  complaints  to 
England  or  Scotland  againft  it.  In 
fine,  of  laoo  biave  men,  onlv  30  ever 
furvived  war,  fttipwreck,  and  difeale, 
and  returned  to  Scotland.  The  i-utn 
•f  this  unhappy  «il«ny  ba||WMd  dm* 


D  Ali 


Iff 


the  ihuMfiil  pwrtiality  of  WiiliMi  IU« 
and  the  imloufy  of  tha  Ingliii  Mtka. 

The  mreng  «c«ntry,  wmbv  the  co- 
lony fettled  and  built  Mr  fcrta,  wm 
a  territory  Mvar  poflUftd  by  tlM 
Spaniards,  and  inhabitsd  by  a  pcopk 
continually  at  war  with  them.  It  was 
at  a  place  called  AAa,  in  tht  mouth  «f 
the  river  Ihrien  i  having  a  capacious 
and  ftrongly  fituated  harboiv.  Th« 
country  tlwy  called  Ncw-Cahdonia.  It 
was  about  mid-way  between  Porto 
Bello  and  Carthagenai  tut  near  50 
leagues  diftant  firom  tithtr. 

Darien,  Qvtr  or,  runs 8.  eafteiif 
into  Terra  Pinna.  On  the  eaftern  fidw 
of  its  mouth,  it  the  town  of  St.  SabaC^ 
tian. 

DaRIIN,  a  town  in  Liberty  co.  OeoT* 

Sia,  by  the  heights  of  which  glides  tht 
[.  channel  of'Alatamaha  R.  about  to 
miles  above  Sapelo  I.  and  10  belowr 
Fort  Barrington.  It  lies  47  miles  8.  S* 
W.  of  Savannah.  N.  lat.  3 1 .  a}.  W* 
long.  to.  14. 

Darlington,  the  moft  fouthnK 
county  of  Cheraw's  diftrift,  8.  CaroU- 
na )  bounded  S.  and  S.  W.  bv  Lynck*t 
creek.  It  is  about  35  miWa  long,  an4 
ai  broad. 

Dartmouth-Collboi.  Sec  Hm" 
ever. 

Dartmovth,  a  town  in  Grafton 
CO.  Ncw-Hamplhire,  north  weft  of  the 
foot  of  the  White  Mountains)  3] 
miles  N.  E.  of  Haverhill,  New  Hamp* 
fliire,  and  S7  N.  wefterly  of  Porti* 
mouth.  It  contains  iit  inhabitanta* 
and  was  incorporated  in  177a. 

Dartmouth,  a  thrivini;  fea-poit 
ta  n  in  Briftol  co.  Mal&chufetts,  utu* 
ated  on  the  W.  fide  of  Accuftinet  R. 
70  miles  foUtherly  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1664,  and  contains  1499 
inhabitants.  N.  lat.  41.  37.  W.  l'>ng« 
70.  s». 

Dartmovth,  a  town  in  Elbert  co. 
Georgia,  fituated  on  the  peninfuht 
iormed  by  the  confluence  of  Broad  >  and 
Savannah  rivers,  a  milea  frnm  Fort 
James  Dartmouth,  which  is  a  mile  be- 
low  Charlotte  Fort,  which  fee.  The 
town  and  fort  derive  their  names  from 
James,  earl  of  Dartmouth,  whule  influx 
en'ce  in  the  Butifh  councils  obci.ined 
from  the  king,  a  "ant  and  powers  to 
the  Indian  tradir^  company  in  Georgia 
to  treat  with  the  Creeks,  for  the  ttnU 
tory  called  tht  Iftvit  Sfwrehtiftt  ceded 

la  in 


in^dllttp  of  (khto  du«  tft  tht  tndcn. 
TUfMAcdiMiltM  ftbout  tidootMo  of 
aorti,  lyf nf  upon  the  hfsd  of  the  Great 
OgechM,  between  the  bank*  of  the  So- 
vWMtahtnd  Alatimahn,  touching  on  the 
OMnee,  indudlng  all  the  w«t«n  of 
8hnd  itnd  Little  rivtrs.  Thii  territory 
dbhipreh«nde  a  body  of  excellent)  fertile 
lit|d|  well  watet«d  by  iMiitmerable 
itNtii  creefci  and  brooks. 
'  DAVPHiK,PoRT,a>ri(HiAion,  fort 
Md  feli-TMMt  town  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
iflttKf  Ot"  St.  Dotningo.  This  divifion 
contains  5  pariihes.  Its  exports  from 
Jkn.  I,  1789  to  Dec.  31  o^  the  fame 
ftatf  confined  of  ftigar,  coflfee,  cotton, 
iftdif9»  l^iriti,  mohtflfes.  and  tanned 
hides,  in  valpe  35)25*  dolls.  13  cents. 
The  town  of  Port  of  Dhuphin  is  re- 
ifidrkable  A>r  a  fountain  conftrufled  by 
the  orders  of  M.  de  Marbois,  which 
cM  10,678  dollars.    N..1at.  19.  4.1. 

DAtr^HiMi  Fort.    See  Ma  Braga. 

Dauphin,  an  ifland  about  10  miles 
long,  in  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  5 
ifmis  from  Maflacre  I.  with  a  fliual  all 
the  way  between  them.  Thcfe  are  lup- 
|iofed  formerly  to  have  be«n  but  one, 
tkti  went  by  the  general  name  of  MaiTa. 
ere,  fo  called  by  Monf.  d'Ibberville, 
fWhn  a  large  heap  of  human  bones  found 
thereon  .at  his  lan'.ling.  It  was  after- 
Wiuds  Called  Dauphin  I.  Tile  W.  end, 
a  diftance  of*  between  )  and  4  miles,  is 
a.  tiarrow  flip  of  land  with  fome  dead 
^troes}  the  tek  is  covered  with  thick 
{fines,  which  come  clofe  to  the  water's 
erfge  on  the  E.  fide,  forming  a  large 
bluff.  Theri  is  the  r?n>ains  of  an  old 
Prench  poll  on  the  8.  fide  of  the  ifland, 
and  of  lome  old  houils  of  the  natives. 
N.  lat.  30.  10.  W.  long.  88.  7. 

Dai/phiN,  a  fort  in  the  ifland  of 


Claue  Breton,  round  which  the  French 
Ina  theh*  princi 
they  built  JLouiiburg. 


theh*  principal  fcttlement,   befiu-e 


DAt;pHiN  Co.  in  Pennfylvahia,  was 
formerly  contained  in  that  of  Lancaf^er, 
until  ereAed  into  a  fcpai-ate  county, 
March  4,  1785.  Its  form  is  triangular; 
its  contents  586,400  acres,  and  is  fur- 
rtunded  by  the  countits  of  MifRin, 
Citmberland,  York,  Berks,  and  Nor- 
thumberland. It  is  divided  into  tj 
townfhips,  the  chief  of  <tthkh  is  Hnrrif- 
bin^;  the  number  of  its  inhabitants 
i%,i77.  ?>}early  one  half  of  the  land  is 
xtniHt  Cultivation  j  but  the  northein 
{Art  is  Tcry  roegh  md  Motimainoai* 


1)  A  X 

In  fbtrenU  of  tht  tnoinrtahM  fo  homi' 
ahundanct  of  iron  ore  of  the  firll  qaa> 
lityi  a  furnace  and  forge  have  bctn 
ereited  which  carry  on  brifklv  liw  ma> 
nufa^urc  of  pig,  bar  iron,  «c.  The 
firit  fettltrs  here  were  Irifh  cmigrantu, 
who  were  afterwards  joined  by  a  num- 
ber of  Ocrmana.  In  the  town  of  Dir« 
ry,  on  the  bank  of  Swatara  creek  it  a 
remarkable  cavern  {  ita  entrance  is  un- 
der a  high  bank,  and  nearly  so  feet 
wide,  and  about  8  or  10  feet  m  height. 
It  delcends  gradually  nearly  to  a  ^el 
with  the  ci«ek.  lis  apartmtnts  are  nu- 
merous, of  different  iitcs,  and  adorned 
with  flala6lites  curioufly  diveifified  in 
fiae  and  colour.  Near  the  foot  of  Blue 
Mountain  is  a  mineral  fpring,  much 
celebrated  by  the  country  people  for 
its  efficacy  in  removing  rheumatic  and 
other  dilbrders. 

Davidson,  a  county  in  Mero  dif- 
tri6l  in  TennefTce,  bounded  N.  by  the 
flate  of  Kentucky,  E.  by  Sumner,  and 
S.  by  the  Indian  territory.  Its  chief 
town  Nafliville,  lies  on  the  great  bend 
of  Cumberland  river. 

David's  TVww,  on  the  AfTanpinkR. 
Hunterdon  co.  N.  jerfey,  10 or  iimilea 
from  Trenton.  Between  thefe  towna 
a  boat  navigation  has  lately  been  open- 
ed  >by  means  of  three  locks,  ereAed  at 
a  coniideraKle  expenfe.  It  is  propofed 
to  render  this  river  boatable  10  or  15 
miles  further,  in  which  diftance,  no 
locks  will  be  nccefTary. 

David's  Island,  St.  a  parifh  in  the 
Bermuda  Iflandsy  which  fee. 

Hkvm"*  Strait t  a  narrow  Tea,  lying 
between  the  N.  main  of  America,  and 
the  weftem  coaft  of  Greenland ;  run- 
ning N.  W.  from  Cape  Farewell,  lat. 
60  N.  to  Baffin's  Bay  m  80.  It  had  ita 
name  from  Mr.  John  Davis,  who  firft 
difcovered  it.  It  extends  to  W.  long. 
75<  where  it  communicates  with  Baffin's 
Bay,  which  lies  to  the  N.  of  this  ftraitt*! 
nnd  of  the  North  Main,  or  Jamea'f' 
Ifland.     SttBaffiM'sBay. 

Dawfuskkb,  an  ifland  on  the  coafl 
of  S.  Carolina,  which  forms  the  N.  E. 
fide  of  the  entrance  of  Savannah  R.  and 
S.  W.  fide  of  the  entrance  of  Broad  R^'^ 
and  admits  of  an  inland  communicatioM' 
between  the  two  rivers. 

Daxabon,  DajaboH,  or  Dababont 
which  the  French  call  Laxahon,  is  a 
town  and  fettlement  of  Spaniards  on  tbo^^ 
line  betwfm  <hc  Frtnca  and  S]mBiflv» 

divilions 


tfk 

iiTifiont  of  the  inaod  of  8t.  Dimingo. 
It  WIS  fettled  to  prcretit  AnuggUng, 
when  the  SpaniArdi  had  their  fliare  of 
the  ifland.  It  it  bounded  E.  by  the 
territory  of  St.  Yago,  N.  by  the  ex- 
tremity  of  the  bed  of  the  Great- Yaqui, 
sikI  tite  bay  of  Manccnilla,  W.  by  the 
river  and  little  iflnnd  of  MaAacre.  It 
contains  about  4000  perfons.  The 
town  ftamit  400  fathoms  frum  the  E. 
bank  of  Maflhcre  river,  more  than  80 
lettgtiet  N.  W.  of  St.  Domingo,  and  sS 
W.  of  St.  Yag|o.  N.  lat.  19.  3a.  W. 
lonff.  from  Pans  74.  9. 

Day's  Pew/,  on  James  R.  In  Virgi- 
nia. There  is  a  plantation  here  of 
abotit  a  1000  acres,  which  at  a  diftance 
appears  as  if  covered  with  fnowi  occa* 
fioned  by  a  bed  of  clam  fliells,  whicli  by 
nrpcatea  ploudiing  have  become  fine, 
and  mixed  with  the  earth. 

D»  Bois  Blanc,  an  ifland  .belong- 
ing to  the  N.  W.  territory,  a  voluntary 
gift  of  the  Chipeway  nation  to  the 
United  States,  at  the  treaty  of  peace 
concluded  by  gen.  Wayne,  at  Green- 
ville, in  1795. 

Dead  Chbst  Iflattdt  one  of  the 
fmaller  Virgin  ifles,  fituated  near  the  E. 
end  of  Peter's  ifland,  and  W.  of  that 
of  Cooper's. 

Dkadman's  fdy,  on  the  E.  iide  of 
Newfoundland  ifland,  lies  S.  of  St. 
John's  harbour,  and  N.  W.  of  Cajw 
Spear. 

Dedham,  a  poft  town,  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Norfolk  CO.  Mafliichuretts,  called 
by  the  aborinnals  Tiot,  and  by  the  fiWl 
fettlers,  Clapboard  Trees.  The  town- 
fliip  was  inicibrporated  in  1637,  is  7 
miles  in  length,  and  6  in  breadth,  and 
contains  1659  inhabitants.  Its  public 
buildings  are  3  congregational  churches, 
an  epiicopal  church,  and  a  court  houfe. 
It  is  pleafantly  fituated,  1 1  miles  S.  W. 
of  Boflon,  on  Charles  R.  A  fmali 
ftream  furniflies  water  mod.  part  of  the 

f'car  to  *  grift  mills,  a  law  mills,  a  ful- 
ing  milts  and  a  leather  mill,  all  in  the 
fpace  of  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  and 
joins  Neponfit  R.  on  the  borders  of 
Milton.  A  wire  manufiaflory  is  ereft- 
ed  here,  for  the  ufcof  the  fifti-hock  and 
card  manuFaAurers  in  Bofton. 

Deal,  in  Monmouth  co.  New-Jer- 
fey,  about  7  miles  fouthward  of  Shiewll 
bury.  This  place  is  the  refort  of  great 
nnmbers  of  people  from  Philadelphia, 
in  fummerr  for  health  and  pleafure. 


tlZ  If) 

Dil^'X/nagr,  in  ikr  AMt^f  Mw. 

Yorkf  ia  a  curioTity,  and  liea  aboHl  i 
nUlesS.  •fOMidakdM.  attlwlMaof 
ChtttcMngo  tmk,  aad  le  niika  8«  Wt 
of  Oneida  caikiei 

Ditr  /I.  in  North-GuollMi,  rifttfa 
Wachovia,  and  unitw  with  Haw  R. 
and  forms  the  N.  W.  branch  otf  Cape 
Fear  river. 

DiBRFiBLD,  •  tvwnlhipiii  Combov 
land  CO.  New  Jerfey. 

DuBiiriiLD  Jt.  or  the  P«rMMV,  ritu 
in  Stratton,  in  Bennington  co.  Vermont, 
and  after  receiving  a  mnnbcr  of  ftreamii 
from  the  adjoining  towns,  unite  on  en- 
tering MaflTuchuletta )  thence  winding 
in  an  E.  dire6lion>  it  rceeivea  North  R. 
and  empties  into  Connecticut  R.  b»> 
tween  the  townihipa  of  Greenfield  and 
Det-rfleUI|  where  it  is  about  15  rode 
widf.  Excellent  traMs  of  oMadow 
grotind  lie  on  its  banks. 

Deerfibld,  a  verv  nleafant  toum  ifi 
HampOiire  co.  Maflachtifetts,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  Connecticut  R.  from  which 
the  compa£t  pert  of  the  town  it  ftpn- 
rated  by  a  chain  of  hig  hills.  It  is  in 
the  midft  of  a  fertile  country,  and  has 
a   fmall    inland  trade.     The  compaft 

Eart  of  the  town  has  from  60  to  100 
oufes,  principally  on  one  ftreet,  and  a 
handlbme  congregational  church.  It 
was  incorporated  m  1 68 1 ,  and  contains 
1330  inhabitants}  17  miles  N.  of 
Northampton,  and  109  N.  by  W.  of 
Boflon. 

The  houfe  in  which  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Williams  and  his  family  were  captivat- 
ed by  the  Indians  in  the  early  fcttle- 
ment  of  this  town,  is  ftill  ftanding,  and 
the  hole  In  the  door,  cut  by  the  Indiana 
with  their  hatchets,  is  ftill  fliewn  as  a 
curiollty.  An  academy,  incorporated 
in  1797,  by  the  name  of  "  The  Deer- 
field  Academy,"  is  eftabliflied  in  this 
town. 

Deerfielu,  a  well  fettled  agricul- 
tural town  in  Rockingham  co.  New- 
Hampfltire,  and  was  a  part  of  the  town- 
fiiip  of  Nottingham,  19  miles  S.  E.  of 
Concord,  and  35  N.  W.  of  Portf- 
mouth.  It  contains  1619  inhabitants, 
and  was  incorporated  in  1766. 

Deer  JJlandt  an  ifland  and  town- 
fltip  in  Penoblcot  bay,  in  Hancock  co. 
di(tri£l  of  Maine,  containing  68x  in- 
habitants. It  was  incorporated  in 
1789,  ami  iic*  305  miles  N.  E.  of 
Bofton. 

I  3  Debr, 


Dflftt  Ml  iiMd  in  PiAmtquoddy 

Onmiio,  a  townfliip  in  Hillflw. 
rMjijjx  CO.  New.Htmpflitfet  iiicor|K}rat> 
edin  1774..  It  cohtaiM  9*8  inhabi- 
taiilt»  and  lie*  I  c  mtlet  S.  W.  of  Con- 
cgidt  and  54  miiiN  W.  of  Portfmcnth. 

DtriAMCit  a  fiart  ki  the  N.  wcftern 
territory,  fituated  on  the  point  oC  land 
fcumtd  b>  iht  coi^ence  of  the  rivers 
of  Au  GlaiK,  and  the  Miami  of  the 
lake,  nearly  half  way  between  Fort 
Wayne  on  the  Miami,  and  Uke  Erie. 
N*  hu.  41. 41.  W.  Img.  84. 43. 

Ds  LA  March,  a  weftem  water  of 
Illinois  R.  in  the  N.  W.  territory.  It 
ia  to  yard*  wide,  and  navigable  8  or  9 
nilet. 

Oelamattbnoos,  an  Indian  tribe, 
in  alliance  with  the  Delaweres. 

Dm  La  War,  a  town  in  King  WiU 
liam'tco.  Virguiia,  fituated  on  the  broad 
pcninfula  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
the  Pamunky  and  Mattapony.  The 
united  ftream  thence  aflume*  the  name 
of  York  R.  It  lies  so  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Williamfburg  in  N.  lat.  37.  31.  W. 

bsbAWARS  Bay  and  River.  The 
Kay  ic  60  miles  long,  from  the  cape  to 
v'He  entrance  of  the  river,  at  Bombay 
Hook  i  and  occupies  a  fpace  of  about 
'^  jo,ooo  acres}  and  is  fo  wide  in  Ibme 
varts,  as  that  a  Ihip,  in  the  middle  of 
St,  cannot  be  ften  from  the  land.  It 
opens  into  the  Atlantic  N.  W.  and  S. 
£.  between  Cape  Henlopen  pn  the 
right,  and  Cape  May  on  th?  left, 
^niefe  capes  are  18  or  ao  mile*  apart. 

Delaware  R.  was  called  Cbihohocki 
by  the  aboriginal*,  and  in  cri  old  Nu- 
renberg  map  i*  named  Zuvdt  R.  It 
rifes  by  two  principal  branches  in  New- 
York  ftate.  The  northemmoft  of  which, 
called  the  Mohawk's  or  Cook4ugv> 
branch,  rtfes  in  lake  Uftayantho,  lat. 
4a.  t$.  and  takes  a  S.  W.  courfe,  and 
.'tming  S.  eaftwardiyi  it  crol&s  the 
Pennfyivania  line  In  ht.  41.}  &hout  7 
miles  from  >.£%ce,  it  receives  the  Po- 
jKichton  brar>n  from  the  N.  E.  which 
rife*  in  ibe  Kaats  Kill  mountains. 
Thenr.-  it  runs  iuuthwatdly,  until  it 
firikes  the  N.  W.  coiner  of  New-Jer- 
I'ey,  in  lat.  41.  24.;  and  .'  ,n  pafles 
oft  to  lea  through  .'Delawai'c  bay  {  hav- 
S!!g  New-Jerfcy  F,.  and  Pennfyivania 
ajid  >!)elaware  W.  The  bay  and  -ivcr 
are  navigaUlf  frpm  the  (^  up  to  the 
great  or  hwcr  falls  at  Trentpn^  155 


DEL 

mild  iwd  are  accommodated  with  bnoji^ 
and  piera  for  the  dii-edion  and  fi^ty  «f 
ftips.  A  74  gun  fl}ij>  may  go  up  to 
Philadelphia,  lao  miles  by  the  Slip 
channel  from  the  fea.  The  diftance 
acrofs  the  land,  in  a  S.  E.  courict  to 
New-Jerfey  coaft,  is  but  io  milea. 
Sloops  go  35  miles  al)ove  Philadelphia, 
to  Trenton  falls}  boau  t|iat  carry  8 
or  9  tons,  100  miles  farther,  and  In- 
dian canoes  ijo  niiles,  except  fcvoral 
fmall  ^lis  or  portages.  For  oihef 
particulars  relating  to  this  river,  See 
HenleUh  Moft  Bombaj^IMk,  Rudf  I, 
ScbuylktUt  Lebigbt  &c. 

It  is  in  contemplation  to  conneA  the 
waters  of  Cbefapeak  bay  with  thofe  of 
Delaware  R.  by  4  different  canals,  via. 
Elk  R.  with  CbriAiana  creek— Broad 
creek,  another  branch  with  Red  Lion 
creek— >»ohemia,  a  third  branch  of  the 
Elk,  with  Apoquinemy  creek}  and 
Chefter  R.  wi  h  Duck  creek. 

Delaware,  a  fmall  river  of  Eaft 
Florida.     See  Charlotte  Haven. 

Delaware,  one  of  the  United  States 
of  N.  America,  is  fituated  between  38. 
a9.  30.  and  ^9.  54.  N.  lat.  and  between 
7 5 .and  7 5 .  48 .  W .  lone. bein^ in  length 
9»  miles,  and  In  breadth  14  miles— con- 
taining 2000  fquare  miles:  or  i,xoo,ooo 
acres.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  river  and 
bay  of  the  fame  name,  and  the  Atlantic 
ocean  j  on  the  S.  by  a  line  from  Fene- 
wick's  ifland,.in  N.  Iat.38.t9.  30.  drawn 
W.  till  it  interfefts  what  iu  commonly 
called  the  tamgeut  line,  dividing  it  from 
the  ftate  of  Man'Iand ;  on  the  W.  by 
the  faid  tangent  line,  palHntt  northward 
up  the  peninfula,  till  it  touches  the  wef- 
tern  part  of  the  territorial  circle ;  and 
thence  on  the  N.  by  the  faid  circle,  de- 
fcribed  with  a  radius  of  la  miles  about 
the  town  of  Newcaftle,  which  divides 
this  ftate  from  Pennfyivania.  This 
ftate  derived  its  name  from  Lord  De-La- 
War,  who  was  inftrunienln]  in  eftabliih- 
ing  the  iirft  fettlement  of  Virginia.  It 
is  divided  into  3  counties,  Newcaftle, 
Kent  and  SuflTex}  whofe  chief  towns 
arc  Wilmington,  Newciftle,  Dover,  and 
LeweS'  Dover  is  the  feat  of  govern- 
ment. The  number  of  inhabirr..jts  in 
1790,  was  59,094,  of  whom  887  were 
ftaves. 

The  eaftem  fide  of  the  ftate  is  indcnt<^ 
ed  with  a  large  number  of  creeks,  or 
i'mnll  livers,  which  generally  have  a 
fliort    courfe,    ioh  banks^    nifme}'o\ts 

Moals, 


Oifleh,  and  m  fcirtwl  witk  m  exten- 
Ctve  iMrflwct  and  empty  i»t»  the  river 
and  bay  of  DelawaM.  In  ths  «>uthcni 
and  wcOeni  parts  of  this  ftate,  (bring  the 
head  waters  of  Pocomokc,  WicomicO) 
Nanticoket  Choptank*  Cheftcr»  Saflafiras 
and  Bohemi*  rivers,  all  falling  into  Che. 
fsuteak  bi^i  fome  of  them  are  naviga* 
ble  ao  or  )o  miles  into  the  country,  for 
veflels  of  50  or  60  tons. 

The  ftate  of  Delaware,  the  upper 
parts  of  the  county  of  Newcaftle  ex- 
cepted, is,  to  fpeak  ^nerally,  low' and 
leveK  Large  quantities  of  ftagnant 
water,  at  particular  feafims  of  the  year, 
overfpreaoing  a  great  proportion  of  the 
land,  rrader  it  equally  unfit  for  the  pur. 
pofett  of  agriculture,  and  ii^urious  to 
the  health  of  the  inhabitants.  ^  The 
ipine,  or  higheft  ridge  of  the  peninfula, 
runs  through  the  ftate  of  Delaware,  in- 
clined to  the  eaftem  or  Delaware  fide. 
tt  is  defignated  in  Suflfex,  Kent,  and 
part  of  Newcaftle  county,  by  a  rmark. 
able  chain  of  fwamps,  from  which  the 
waters  defcend  on  each  fide,  pafling  on 
the  eaft  to  the  Delavirare,  and  on  the 
weft  to  the  Chefapeak.  Man^  of  the 
ihrubs  and  plants,  growing  in  thefe 
fwam;  ,  are  fimilarto  thole  found  on 
the  higheft  mountains. 

pebware  is  chiefly  an  agricultmol 
ftate.  It  includes  a  very  fertile  traftof 
country ;  and  fearcely  any  part  of  the 
United  States  is  letter  adapted  to 
thediflerent  purpofes  of  aspriculture,  or 
in  which  a  great  variety  of  the  moft  ufe* 
ful  produAions  can  be  fo  conveniently 
and  plentifully  reared.  The  foil  along 
the  JDelawaiv  river,  and  from  8  to  to 
miles  into  the  interior  country,  is  gene- 
rally a  rich  clay,  producing  large  tim- 
ber, and  well  adapted  to  the  various 
purpofes  of  agriculture.  From  thence 
to  the  fwamps  above  mentioned,  the 
foil  is  light,  Tandy  and  of  an  in&rior 
quality/. 

The  ,^ncral  afpe^l  of  the  countty  is 
very  favourable  tor  cultivation.  Ex- 
cepting fome  of  the  upper  parts  of  the 
county' of  Newcaftle,  the  furface  of  the 
ftate  lA  very  little  broken  or  irregitlar. 
The  heighu  of  Chriftiana  are  lofty  and 
commanding  ^  Come  of  the  hills  of  Bran- 
dywine  are  rough  and  ftonjr  j  but  de- 
fccnding  from  thefe,  and  a  few  others, 
the  lower  country  is  fo  little  diverfified, 
as  almoft  to  form  one  extended  plain. 
|p  the  county  of  Newcaftle  the  foil  con- 


•1>'E1* 


«B|r 


fiftsof  aAmqidi^')  inKenlidw»itx 
a  confideraUe  rondure  of  And }  m^iHr 
Sufl^,  the  quant^  of  fiund  ■MafidMr' 
predomiaates.  Wheat  hr  the  tiMo^tf^ 
this  ftate.  It  grows  here  in  ftKh  p«r*< 
fe£lion  as  not  only  to  be  paiticiMrlf .: 
fought  by  the  manufaAurers  of  iottr 
throughout  the  UnioQy  bu  id(b  to  W 
diftinguifticd  a«d  preiiNmd,  far  itrfv" 
perior  aualities,  m  farcigi)  markets^ 
This  wneat  peftfles  an  unconoMii  Aft-; 
nels  and  whitcneft,  very  favoaraUe  to- 
the  nranufofturea  of  fupnrfine  Boor;,  and: 
in  other  refpeAs  far  exceeds  the  hara 
and  flinty  grains  raifed  in  general  on  the 
higher  lands.  Befides  wheat,  this  ftato> 
generally  produces  plentiful  crops  of' 
Indian  com,  barly,  rye,  oats,  flax,  Midi-f 
wheat,  and  {yMatoes.  It  aboiuida  iA 
natund  and  artificial  meadows,  contain- 
ing a  large  variety  of  grafliss.  Heiiipr, 
cotton,  and  filk,  if  pnpwly  attended 
to,  doubtlefs  would  flcarnH my wcU.  • 

The  cotmty  of  Suffex,  befides  firo-^ 
ducing  a  confiderable  quantity  of  gnbi,.- 
particularly  of  Indian  com,  poOcflMt 
excellent  grating  hmds.  This  couaiy:: 
alfo  exports  verylarae  quantities  tf  Itnn^ 
bes-,  obtauxd  chie^  from  an  cMeofiva 
fwarop,  oflkd  the  Indian  River  0/  C^«- 
prefs  Swamp,  lying  psriciy  withhi  tbif' 
ftatr^  and  partly  in  t'je  ftate  of  Mary.> 
land.  This  morafs  extenda  fuc  miba- 
from  eaft  to  weft,  and  nearly  twelve: 
from  :M>reh  to  fouth,  including  an  area 
of  nearly  fifty  thouiand  acres  of  land* 
The  whole  of  this  fwamp  is  a  high  and) 
level  bafon,  very  wet,  though  undoubt-i 
edly  the  higheft  land  between  the  fea 
and  the  bay,  whence  the  Pokomoke  de> 
fcends  or.  one  fide,  and  Indian  iUver 
and  St.  Martinis  on  the  other.  Thia 
fwamp  crntains  a  great  variety  of  p'antSt 
uees  wild  beafts,  birds  and  reptiles. 

Almoft  the  whole  of  the  foreign  ex- 
ports of  I)elaware  are  from  Wilminffton  >; 
the  trade  from  this  ftate  to  Phi!ddeiphia 
is  great,  being  the  princijpal  fource; 
whence  that  city  draws  its  ftaple  com- 
modity. No  lefs  than  165,000  barrrla 
of  flour,  300,000  buftieU  of  wheat, 
170,000  huftiels  of  Indian  com«  befidea 
barley,  oats,  flax-feed,  paper,  flit  iron, 
fnufT,  falted  provifions,  &c<  2cc.  to  » 
very  confiderable  amount,  are  annually 
Tent  from  the  waters  of  the  Delaware 
ftate ;  of  which  the  ChriUiana  is  by  far 
the  moft  produ£tive,  and  probably  many 
times  as  much  lb  as  uiy  other  cre«k  or 

1 4.  river 


-N 


ilMiMtobi«»M»«f  fttiMv  M*  <dwr  ar- 

linnii  Mii^  cii^tff  Ma'^nponi'  iMf  dWek  | 

«M  niniffilftund  Ml  itt  nditfietA  bnnk« 
MSMn  t«ro«»  riiNeimfcs  of  f  he  naviga- 
tlM.  AnMrtKoillcrbMinckeaof  indaf- 
trf< cmrdM, «  aMi  new  WUminffton, 
ate,  a  aottoe  aMnufiiftorf ,  (lately  how- 
cv«rtNMfM>)  a  baktm  etoHi  itiaHufiic- 
tstfy'haa  ktdjr  been  emItliflMd  by  an  in< 
gmom  BufO|teaii  i  botb  ef  %>Ki«li  liaTe 


ynmiM  ftir  M  b«  a  laMng  adfantage    ftontt,  all  of  (be erior  dimcnfKms*  ; 
tiitlMKooimtiy.    IpthecMiityof  New-    excellent  conftramon.    The{efflill9 


Aipei'fihdf  4^'^*  <6irti*>B»"  w^  w. 

ntidinii^,  tua  146  db.  ftb  Ihm.  The 

imMtiftaurtf  of  lour  It  cmM  ro  li  M^^ 

er  dtpte  of  pd^aloit  in  tliir  V«Ve  Waii^; 

in  uny  otbir  hi  the  tTtrfiinl    Bdidds  the 

weH  Sbnftruftwi  iWfl*  ort  RW  efey  Xnd 

White  chiy  ei^lts,  ami  other  weitsit 

in  «RfRtent  i>arta  of  th«  ftite,  the  tdt- 

brated  edleCHon  of  mlt!s  ii  Snutdy- 

wine  merit   a  particular  d^rcflptipn.. 

Here  ani  to  be  reen,  at  one  view,  1  % 

merchant  mills  (befi<5e»i  ft wrtiill)  which 

have  double  that  nutnbcr  of  pairs  of 
.......       -        jjjjj 

are 


«ailit  ai»f««efalftilliiig^lnill«,  two  fViufF- 
i*Hl»»  one  flittiMwiiiilVAnir  paper*millt, 
and  fitty  niillifev  grinding  nttin,  all  of 
^iiharetonMd  by  water.    Bot  though 
WiMfiagtoif  and  its  nei^bourhood  are 
yivAnUy  ahvady  the  great«ft  feat  of 
itannfafturct  Ih  the  United  States^  yet 
thMT  are  capable  of  being  miich  improv- 
ed in  this  Tcfpeft)  *•  thir  country  in  hilly 
Wid  abemndA  with  running  water )  the 
'Bruidywine  alene  mi^t,  «rith  a  mode- 
Atteeapettft,  wiien  compared  with  the 
olfift,  be  brought  to  the  top  of  the  hill 
•poa  whieh  Wilmington  ts  (ituated, 
whereby  a  fall  AnScient  Lr  forty  mills, 
in  additiitn  to  thoft  already  biiilt,  would 
ba  obtained.    The  heights  near  Wil- 
affbfd  a  mimMT  of  agreeable 
Is }  from  Ibme  of  which  may  be 
the  town,  the  adjacent  mridows, 
and  four  adjoining  ftates.    No  regular 
Recount  of  the  births  and  burials  has 
been  keft,  bat  the  place  is  healthy. 
The  number  of  children  under  fixteen, 
H  probably  equal  to  that  of  any  town 
#htch  is  not  more  populous,  and,  ac- 
farding  to  an  accurate  account  taken 
ch^year  1794,  there  were  upwards  of  t(So 
pcTions  above  60  years  old.   The  legif* 
latare  of  this  l^ate,  in  1796,  palled  an 
a£(  to  incorporate  a  Ixink  in  this  town. 
There  is  no  college  in  this  ftate.  There 
is  an  academy  at  Newark,  incorporated 
in  1760.     Tne  legiflatiire,  during  their 
lUAsn  In  jHnuary  1796,  pafleU  an  afl  to 
ereate  a  fund  for  the  eftabliftnnent  of 
fehools  throughout  the  ftate. 

Wheat  is  the  ftaple  commodity  of 
this  ilate.  This  is  manufaAured  into 
llour  and  exported  in  large  quantities. 
The  exports  from  the  port  of  Wilming- 
ton, where  a  numb'A'  of  fquare  rigged 
^Iftls  are  owned,  foe  th»  year  i7«<,  in 
the  artiek  of  flour,  WM  aoiyS  j  bartcli 


3  mile-  from  the  mcaith  of  the  creefc  611- 
which  they  ftawJ,  half  a  mile  frbm  Wil- 
mington,  and  u7  from  Pliiladeiphia,  on 
tlie  poft  roftd  from  the  eaftem  to  the 
foiithem  ftafis.     They  are  crfled  the 
Brandy  wine  mills,  from  the  ftream  on 
which  they  are  erefted.  This  ftream  rifea 
newr  the  Welch  mountains  in  Pennfyl- 
vania,  and  after  a  winding  coorfe  of  30 
or  40  miles  through  falls,  which  fumilh 
numerous  feats  (t  30  of  which  ait  ahra- 
dy  occupied)  for  evesy  fpecies  of  water 
works,  empties  into  Chnftiana  creek, 
near  Wilmington.     The  quantity  of 
wheat  muinfMlured  at  thefe  mills,  an- 
nually, is'not  accurately  afcertained,  It 
iseftimated,  however,  by  the  beft  in- 
formed  on  the  ftib|e£l,  that  thefe  mills 
can  grind  400,000  bulhels  in  a  year^ 
But  altlK>u^  they  are  capable  of  manu- 
ia6luring  this  quantity  yearly,  yet  from 
the  difficulty  of  procuring  a  permanent 
Atpply  of  ffrain,  the  inability  of  the 
ik>ur  market  and  other  circumftances, 
there  are  not  commonly  more  than  from 
about  190  to  300,000  bulhels  of  virheat 
and  com  manufactured  here  annually. 
In  the  fail  <     •  7«9»  end  fpring  of  1 790, 
there  were  made  a(  the  Brandywine 
mills  50,009  barrels  of  AmerHne  flour, 
1354  do.  of  common,  400  do.  middling, 
as  manyof  Ihip  ftufF,  and  apoo  do.  cpin 
meal.    The  quantity  oF  wheat  and  dom 
ground,  from  which  this  flour^,  &c.  was 
made,  was  308,000  bufheU,  equal  to  the 
export  of  thofe  articles  from  the  port  df 
Philadelphia  for  the  fame  year. 

Thefe  mills  give  employ  to  about  aoo 
)>erfons,  viz.  about  40  to  tend  the  mills, 
from  50  to  70  coopers  to  make  caflcs  for 
the  flour,  a  fufficient  number  to  inan  la 
floops  of  about  30  tons  each,  which  are 
employed  in  the  tranfportation  of  the 
vrbenc  and  floar,  x\u  rtft  U  various 

other 


m 


<Mlier  occnjmHon*  cooneAcd  With  thv 
mills.  The  navigation  quite  to  thefe 
mill*  U  Aich,  that  a  ¥<.flel  carrying 
>ode  iMiAwlvof  wheat  may  be  laid  alonfr 
IMe  of  any  of  tliefe  mills  j  and  befide 
AMneofthem  the  water  is  of  fufficient 
depth  to  admit  veflels  of  twice  the 
above  fize.  The  veffels  arc  unloaded 
with  aftonifhing  expedition.  There  have 
been  inftances  t>f  looo  bufltels  being  car- 
ried to  the  heightof  4ftories  in 4  hours. 
It  is  frequently  the  cafe  that  veffels 
with  1000  bufhels  of  wheat  come  up 
with  flood  tide,  r.nladc  and  go  away  the 
fucceedtng  ebb  with  300  barrels  of  flour 
on  board.  In  confequence  of  the  ma. 
chines  introduced  by  the  ingenious  Mr. 
Oliver  Evans,  three  quarters  of  the 
manual  labour  before  found  neceflary  is 
now  I'ttfficient  for  every  purpofe.  By 
means  of  thefe  machines^  when  made 
ui^  3f  in  the  full  extent  prapofed  by  the 
inventor,  the  wheat  will  be  received  on 
the  flullop's  deck—- thence  canied  to 
the  upper  loft  of  the  mill— <ind  a  con- 
fidt:rable  portion  of  the  fame  returned 
in  flour  on  the  lower  floor,  ready  for 
packing,  without  the  afliltance  of  ma- 
nual labour  but  in  a  very  fmall  degree, 
ill  proportion  to  the  bufmefs  done.  The 
tranfportation  of  flour  from  the  mills  to 
the  port  of  Wilmington,  does  not  re- 
quire half  an  hour ;  and  it  is  fi-equenily 
the  caf^  that  a  carzo  is  taken  from  the 
mills  and  delivered  at  Philadelphia  the 
fame  day.  The  fituation  of  thefe  mills 
is  veiy  pleafant  and  healthful.  The  flrll 
mill  was  built  here  about  50  years  fince. 
There  is  now  a  fmall  town  of  40  houfes, 
principally  ftone  and  brick,  which,  to- 
gether with  the  mills  and  the  veflelk 
loading  and  unloading  befide  them,  fur. 
nifli  a  charming  profpe6l  from  the 
bridge,  firom  whence  they  are  all  in  full 
view. 

Bcfiiles  the  wheat  and  flour  trade, 
this  date  exports  lumber  and  various 
ptlier  articles.  The  amount  of  exports 
from  the  year  ending  September  30th, 

1791,  was  119,878  dollars,  93  cents- 
ditto  i79«,  133,971  dollars,  «7  cents- 
ditto  1793,  93,SS9  dollars,  45  cents- 
ditto  1794,  207,985  dollars,  31  cents- 
ditto  1795,  158,041  dollars,  21  cents. 

^  In  this  ftate  there  is  a  variety  of  re- 
ligiouft  denominations.  Of  the  Preiby- 
terian  feft,  there  are  14  churches— of  the 
Epifcopal  14— of  the  Baptlft,  7— of  the 
Methodifts^  a  coniiderable  number)  ef- 


peektfy  in  the  two<  lowir  46MM*  «f 
KLent  and  Sufien^  the  mOnbcr  of  tlHiP 
churches  if  Mt  e«aaiy  i^MrtiAMd^  ■•. 
fides  thefe  there  is'  a  SwuMi  ckfwdi'iir 
Wilmington,  wMch  is  cbe  oC  tlw  dMI' 
chorches  in  the  United  StttH^  '  >    '  M 

There  we  few^  miBefite  &t  HMk  fmtui 
except  iron}  larj^e ^uaniiticft^'«f  InmI 
iron  ore,  very  fit  tor  caflftigt j  «fe  faunJ 
in  SulTex  eok  amonr  the  brmehe*  ef 
Nanticoke  R.  Before  the  revi^tie^ 
■this  ore  was  worked  to  a  gK«t  emount  f 
but  this  bufuiels  has  Mice  declined* 
Wheat  and  lumber  are  the  ftaple  com- 
modities of  this  Itate.  The  other  iirtiw  - 
cles  of  produce  and  manufaAutc,  mn 
Indian  com,  barley,  oats,  fiax-fced*  felt* 
ed  provifions,  paper,  flit  iron*  ihirfF,  &e. 

Settlements  were  made  hetv^  by  the 
Dutch  about  the  year  i«i),  -md  bf  th« 
Swedes  about  the  year  f^7.  -  Thek 
fettlements  were  comprehended  la- the 
grant  to  the  duke  of  Yei^kf  nnd  Wik 
iiam  Penn  united  them  to  ki»  go*cro«> 
ment  by  purchafe.  They  went  alMf^ 
wards  feparated,  in  fome  tneafitn^  ijaoni 
Pennfylvania,  and  detiomimted  <ihi 
Three  Lower  Coutitiet.  They  had  «he« 
own  aflemblies,  but  the  govcrnai^«f 
Pennfylvania  ufed  to  attend,  as  he  4ii 
in  his  own  proper  go¥cmnient.  At  ihi 
late  revolution,  the  three  coMties  wcri 
erected  into  a  ibvereign  ftale }  aikl  haNH 
eflahliflied  a  repnblioan  conftteotionl^ 

Delaware  Co.  in  Pennfylvanh^  if 
S.  W.  of  Philadelphia  co.  onDehnnKs  . 
river.  It  is  about  if  miles  in  ki^i^ 
and  15  in  breadth,  containing  tij,«oo 
acres,  and  fubdivided  intot^townfliiBS^ 
the  chief  of  which  is  Chclter.  The 
number  of  inhabitants  is  9,4)13.  The 
lands  bordering  on  the  Delaware  ire 
low,  and  afibrd  excellent  meadow  and 
pafturage  j  and  are  guarded  from  inom 
dations  by  mounds  of  earth  or  dykes» 
which  are  Ibmetimes  bi-r.ken  down  in 
extraordinary  freflies  in  the  K.  If  this 
happens  before  cutting  the  grafs,  the 
crop  of  hay  is-lo(t  for  that  feafon,  an4 
the  i-eparation  of  the  breaches  is  ex- 
penfive  to  the  proprietors.  Great  num^ 
hers  of  cattle  are  brouglit  here  from  the 
weftern  parts  of  Virginia,  and  North* 
Carolina,  to  be  fattened  for  fupplyii^ 
the  PI  iladelphia  market. 

Dei  AWARE,  a  new  county  in  the 
(late  of  New.  York,  on  the  hemi  waters 
of  Delaware  f^vcTf  taken  fromOtl(|[» 
^ounty^ 

DSLAWAfti» 


i|lt  0EM 

*vJ3lKI.AW4>K«»  ft  townfliip  ia,  Mlorth- 
«MiMN»co.  Pomfylvanui. 
TOii.AWAiiBi,  an  Indian  nation  fbr> 
wtKly  aumeroiM  and  powtiful,  and 
"^rImi  Mfcfled  part  of  Pennfylvania, 
New.Jerfejr  and  New. York.  This 
ipMMiMiftdoulnkfa  given  them  by  the 
Bwopcami  ibr  they  call  tbemfelvea 
Jxmiknxpet  diat  i>»  Indian  men  {  or 
Woapaoachky*  which  4ignifi««'a  pec 
pit  living  toward*  the  rifing  fun.  They 
•ow  reAdo  about  half  way  between  lake 
Rnc  mmI  Ohio  R.  They  are  an  inge- 
nioaaand  intelligent  people  {  and  like 
At  8tx  Nationii,  are  celebrated  for 
thMr-coMnge»  peaceable  difpofltion*  and 
powcrinl  alliances.  Almoft  all  the 
neighbouring  nations  are  in  league  with 
tham»  efipecially  the  Mahikan,  Shaw- 
Mwe«»  Cherokcea,  Twichtwees,  Waw> 
iaaktanos,  Kikapua,  Monikos,  Tucka- 
cb(has»  Cbippeways»  Otuwas,  Pute> 
vMMtaimes,  and  Kalkaikiav.  The  Del. 
nwares  were  lately  hoilile»  but  made 
peace  with  the  United  States,  17951 
and  ceded  fome  lands.  The  United 
States,  on  the  other  hand,  have  en- 
gaged to  pay  them  in  goods,  to  the 
^■e  of  1000  dollars  a  yeiu'  for  ever. 
Twenty  years  ago,  the  Delaware*  could 
fafnilli  600  warriors ;  but  their  num- 
ber i>  confiderably  decreajfed  by  war 
ince  that  time. 

Dklivmancb,  Caps,  is  the  S.E. 
pmnt  of  the  land  of  Louifiade.  Bou- 
gainville was  here,  and  named  it  in  1 768.. 
,  0tL  RiY,  a  captainship  in  the  fouth- 
em  divifion  of  Brazil,  whole  chief  town 
ia  Sr.  Salvadore. 

DcuSpiaiTii  Santo,  a  river  which 
fiilla  into  he  gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  N. 
W.  cnt^  •■ ''   '.   peninfula  of  Floriiia. 

Dint  ,  a  river  in  Dutch  Guia- 

na, in  tf.  .^rica,  is  about  two  miles 
wide  at  it><  mouth,  op)x>fite  the  lort. 
Ml  the  E.  bank  of  the  river,  and  about 
4;  miles  'iiilant  from  Abary  creek. 
It  is  fcarcely  a  mile  wkle,  la  miles 
above  the  fort ;  and  its  courfe  is  ftom  S. 
to  N.  It  is  navigable  upwards  of  aoo 
miles  for  veflfeU  which  can  puis  the  bar 
at  its  mouth,  which  is  a  mod  bank, 
not  Iiaving  above  14  tcet  at  the  higheft 
tides.  The  diiference  between  high 
and  low  water  mark,  is  from  10  to  la 
f«et.  The  foi't,  if  properly  fuppjied 
with  men  and  ammunition,  is  able  ef> 
dually  to  fp.nn\  its  entrance.  Stae- 
brocck,  t^e  lent  of  govemmcutt  (tands 


D  E  N^ 

on  the  E.  fide  of  the  rtvcr»  i|  mile* 
above  the  fort. 

DBMBRAaA,adiftriA  in  Dutch  GuU 
ana,  which,  together  whh  Eflcqucbot 
form  one  govcinment,  and  have  the 
fame  court  of  police,  but  each  hua 
fcparate  court  of  jufiice.  The  two 
diftriAa  contaui  iibout  3000  whitca 
and  40,000  flaves.  Demerara  R.  which 
gives  name  to  the  diftriA,  pafles  thro* 
It,  and  is  ufually  vifitcd  by  40  or  50 
large  diips  ft-om  Holland,  who  often 
make  two  voysiges  in  a  year,  befidea 
upwards  of  150  fmaller  veflels,  undei' 
the  Dutch  and  other  flass.  The  plan- 
tations ar^  rtgularly  hiid  out  in  lota 
along  the  fea-fliore,  calkd  iafades» 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide,  and 
extending  ^ths  of  a  mile  back  into  the 
country.  Each  lot  contains  about  ss<* 
acres  each  {  and  when  fully  cultivated, 
the  proprietor  may  obtain  a  fimilar 
tra^V  back  of  the  &m,  and  &ton  in  pro- 
greflion.  Each  lot  will  contaui  iao,ooo 
cotton  trees,  averaging  uliially  half  a 
pound  a  tree.  Such  a  plantation  ia 
reckoned  well  ftocked  to  nave  lae  ne- 
groes. The  ibores  of  the  rivers  and 
creeks  are  chiefly  planted  with  cotfee, 
to  the  diftance  w  about  30  miles  firom 
the  fea;  thence  30  miles  further  up» 
the  foil  becomes  clayey  and  more  fit  for 
fugar  canes.  Beyond  this,  the  fineft 
kinds  of  wood,  for  building,  furniture, 
tec.  are  cut.    See  DtUcb  Anitriea. 

Demi-Qvian,  a  river,  iWamp  and 
lake  on  the  weftern  fide  of  lUincis  R.  in 
the  N.  W.  tenitory.  The  river  runs  a 
S.  S.  E.  courfe,  is  navigable  iso  miles, 
and  has  the  fwamp  of  its  name  on  the 
northern  bank  near  i^  mouth }  which 
laft  is  50  yards  wide,  %%  miles  above 
Sapamond,  and  165  miles  above  the 
MifTAppi.  I'he  lake  is  of  a  circular 
form,  zoo  yards  W.  of  the  river,  is  6 
miles  acrofs,  and  empties  into  the  Illi- 
nois by  a  Imall  pafla^  4  feet  deep,  174^ 
miles  from  the  Miflihppi.  , 

Denney's  Rmeft  diftri£l  of  Mairie, 
aa  miles  £.  of  Machias.  The  country 
between  this  river  and  Machias,  in  1 794, 
was  a  wilderncfs.  The  banks  of  the 
river  were  at  th\s  time  thinly  fettled  by 
a  regular  and  well  difpofed  people. 

Dennis,  a  part  of  Yarmouth  in  Barh- 
(lable  CO,  MaUachufetts,  which  was  in- 
corporated into  a  towiifhip  in  1793. 

Denton,  the  chief  town  of  Caroline 
CO.  in  Maryland  { ^tuated  00  th(  E«  fi^t*^ 

of 


DES 

^CIwp(MBk  entk,  the  E.  oMittbnmeh 
•i  Cbovtink  R.  It  u  laki  cut  reauUur. 
)]r,  aiwl  bM  >  ^  '^(^f*  Md  lict  7 
milet  S.of  Graeniborougbi  and  S7  S. 
S.  E  of  Chefter. 

OBrrroKDf  a  townOiip  in  Oloncef- 
ter  CO.  New- Jerfey. 

DiKlY,  a  townfttp  in.  Orleana  co. 
Vermont,  on  the  N.  line  of  the  ftate,  on 
the  E.  fliOK  of  lake  Memphremagog^ 

Dekbv,  a  town  in  New-Haven  co. 
Conne£licMt,  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  Nauga- 
tuck  and  Houfatonick  iivera.  Thia 
town  was  fettled  in  1665,  under  New- 
Haven  juri(diAion,  and  it  now  divided 
into  two  pariflies,  and  has  an  acad<!fny 
in  its  infancy.  It  has  a  confiderable 
trade  with  the  Weft-Indies  for  fo 
finall  town,  and  a  number  of  mills  on 
the  falls  of  Naugatuck,  and  ftreams 
which  fall  irto  it,  and  iron  and  otiier 
works  on  Eight-mile  R.  which  falls  in- 
to the  Stratford.  The  Stratford  or  Hou- 
fatonick R*  if  navigable  i»  miles  to 
this  town. 

Derby,  ?  town  in  Chefter  co.  Penn- 
sylvania, 7  miles  Arom  Chefter,  and  5 
from  Philadelphia.  It  is  fuuated  on 
Derby  ereek*  which  empties  into  Dela- 
waie  river,  near  Chefter. 

Debby,  a  town(hip  in  Dauphin  .co. 
Pennfylvania,  fituated  on  the  E.  Hde  of 
Swateca^creek,  %  miles  above  its  cvx 
£uence   with  the  Sufquehannah,   and 
celebrated  for  its  cuiious    cave.     See 

Derby,  a  townfhip  on  Sufquehan- 
nah R.  in  Pennfylvania.  There  are 
two  other  townlhr>s  of  the  farnie  name 
in  Pennfylvania  {  the  one  in  Mifflin  co. 
the  other  in  that  of  Weftnnoreland. 

DERBrriEta,  a  townfhip  in  Ncw- 
HampOiire,  on  the  £.  bank  of  Merri- 
mack R.  HiliAorough  co.  containing 
361  inhabitants,  and  was  incorporated 
in  1751}  the  foil  is  hut  indifferent. 
It  is  4.9  miles  W.  of  Portfmouth. 

De8a<^adero,  a  riirer  in  Peru,  S. 
ilmerica,  over  which  the  Ynea  Huana 
Capac  built  a  bridge  of  flags  and  nifties, 
to  tranfport  his  army  to  the  other  fide, 
and  which  remained  a  few  yearn  Hnce. 

DBtfBAOA,  DfJSrada,  or  DefiJera- 
ittt  the  firft  of  the  Caribbee  iftands, 
difcovered  by  Columbus  in  hisftrcond 
^yage»  snno  1494,  when  he  gave  it 
that  name.  It  is  fituated  E.  of  Guadn- 
^ujpe,  and  fubjeft  to  the  FftjPfch  i  and 


DET  t^ 

it  of  little  Mi^venee  ttui^  in  tiaiB 
of  war,  when  it  it  the  relfart  of  a  nani!* 
ber  of  privattcrt.  It  is  to  mika  \ung  u4 
5broadfand  looks  at  adiftuiiceltk«afdb> 
lev,  with  a  bw  point  at  the  N.  W.  end. 
tIm  SpanUidt  make  thit  in  their  wajr 
to  Americat  at  well  as  Gnadalonpt* 
N.  lat.  if.  40.  W.  kMg.  6t.  ao* 

DBtBADA,  orCIiqk Dc/Sirv,  the  finitk- 
em  point  of  the  ilraitt  of  hfagcUant  ,te 
S.  America,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Soutk 
Sea.    S.  lat.  53. 4.  long.  74.  it*  W. 

Desbit  Island,  Mount,  en  th» 
coaft  of  the  diftria  of  Maine,  Maflh- 
chufetts,  contains  about  aoo  famiUet* 
divided  into  two  different  fettleroenttt 
about  I  %  miles  apart. 

Dbsbspoib,  CafCt  or  Defimr,  onthi 
northern  fide  of  Clialeur  Bay,  is  about 
3  leagues  weft-fouth-weft  of  Bonaven- 
ture  Ifland.  There  it  a  large  tod  f  ' 
ery  here. 

DaspAiR,  a  bay  tm  the  S. 
fide  of  Newfoundland  ifland,  adjoining 
to  Fortune  bay  on  the  N.  eaftwavdf 
which  fee.. 

Detour  deb  Anolois,  or  EngS^i 
Turn,  is  a  circular  direction  of  the  river 
Mifliiippi,  lb  very  confiderable,  that  re(^ 
fels  cannot  pafs  it  with  the  fame  wiHul 
that  conduaed  them  to  it,  and  m«^ 
either  wait  for  a  favourable  wind,  oc 
make  faft  to  the  bank,  and  haul  clof«| 
there  being  fuflicient  depth  of  water  for 
any  veflt:!  that  can  enter  (he  river.  Tlift 
two  forts  and  batteries  at  thit  place  00 
both  fides  the  river,  are  more  tlum  fuffi- 
cient  to  ftop  the  progrefs  of  any  vefltj 
whatever.  Dr.  Cox,  of  New- Jerfey,  a(l 
cended  the  Miflifippi  to  this  place,  anm» 
1698,  took  |K)fle(i[ion  and  called  the 
country  Carolina.  It  lies  1 8  milea  be* 
low  >few-Orltans,  and  8;  above  the 
Balixe.  The  banks  of  the  river  are  fet* 
tied  and  well  cultivated  from  this  to 
New- Orleans,  and  there  is  a  good  road 
for  carriages  all  the  way. 

D'Etroit,  oneof  the  principal  towns, 
and  beft  fbrtificJ,  in  the  N.  W.  territo- 
ry ;  fituated  on  the  weftern  bapk  of  the 
(Irait  St.  Clair,  or  O'Etroit  R.  between 
lake  Erie  and  lake  St.  Clair }  18  milet 
N.  of  the  W.  end  of  the  former,  and  9 
miles  helow  ihe  latter.  Fort  D'Etroit  it 
of  an  oblong  figure,  built  with  ftockades, 
and  advantageuufly  fituated,  with  bne 
entire  fide  commanding  the  river.  It  it 
near  a  mile  in  circumference,  and  en* 
clo|ies  about  300  wooden  houiiea  and  a 

Roman 


m^ 


»  ET 

Oi^lic  church }  hiillt  in  a  n- 
mmmcr,  with  parallel  ftreers, 
each  Mher  at  right  aneks.  Its 
I  it  4ltUshtfttl,  and  in  the  centre 
«f •plenfinitaadfruitftilcovntry.  Fori 
•iBee  h^w»  and  the  fame  d  iflanee  above 
V«vt'D*BtK>tr,  en  hoth  fideeof  the  river, 
the  country  it  divided  into  t'egtilur  and 
imU  cvltivared  pUntationa  {  and  from 
the  contievity  of  the  dinner's  hoiiret 
lo  each  other,  they  apf)ear  at  two  long 
ejrtendeil  vjllaaea.  The  inhabitants, 
Wrho^were  mottly  French,  were  about 
:«oiiift  in  mmiber  in  i77l»  500  of  whom 
eaart  a*  good  marfcfmen  at  the  Indians 
iHemlcivee  j  and  at  well  accnftomcd  to 
the  woods.  They  raile  large  (locks  ot 
ilkdt  -cattle,  and  great  quantities  of 
^Mm,  which  they  fl:rind  by  wind  mills, 
end  manuia^re  into  excellent  flour. 
^1^  chief  tiwli'  of  D'Ftroit  conlids  in  a 
barter  of  conrfe  European  goods  with  the 
Itttfvea  for  ftirs,  deer-flclns,  tallow,  ^c. 
i-  By  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  Aug.  5, 
§ff$i  the  Indians  hnve  ceded  to  the 
United  States  the  pcft  of  D'Etroit,  and 
ill  the  Unci  to  the  N.  the  W.  and  the  ^. 
•f  ity  of  which  the  Indian  title  has  been 
ffKHngiiifne<t  by  gifts  or  granta  to  the 
iVcnch  or  Englifh  governments,  and  fo 
inach  more  land  i*  to  be  annexed  to 
i)  Etroit  at  (hall  be  comprehended  be- 
|wten  Rofiiie  R.  on  the  S. )  lake  St 
Clair  on  the  N. ;  and  a  line  the  general 
•dnrfe  whereot  fliall  be  6  miles  from  the 
SV.cndof  lake  Erie  and  D'Etroit  river. 
The  f:)rt,  Stc.  was  delivered  op  by  the 
llrtnfh  in  July,  1796,  according  to  trca- 
tfk  It  lies  ti  miles  N.  of  lake  Erie, 
784  N.  W.  by  W.  from  Philadelphia. 
M.  lat.  4a.  40.  W.  long.  ^x.  56. 

D*ETROiT^w^r,  or  Strait  of  St. 
Gair,  flowt  from  like  St.  Clair  into 
the  W.  end'  of  lake  Eiie,  forming  part 
•f  the  boundary  l>etween  the  United 
Slatca  and  Upper  Canada.  In  afcend- 
ing  it,  its  entrance  is  more  than  3  miles 
«nde,  but  it  perceptibly  diminifhes}  (6 
ciwt  oppofite  the  fort,  i3  miles  from 
lake  Erie,  i*  does  not  exceed  half  a 
anile  ill  width ;  from  thtnce  to  lake  St. 
Clair  it  wklens  to  more  than  a  mile. 
The  channel  of  the  ftrait  it  gentle,  and 
^ide  and  deep  enough  for  (hipping  of 
Urcat  burden,  although  it  it  incommod- 
ed by  ieverai  iflandc,  one  of  which  is 
nore  thm  feven  milet  in  length.  Thefe 
jAanda  an  of  a  fertile  foil,  and  from 
their  fttvation  afford  a  very  agreeably, 


appearanec.  The  length  o^  the  riterjt 
it  milet )  and  leveril  itreama  All  int6 
it  chiefly  from  the  N.  W.  via.  Batiche, 
Clora,  Currlac,  D'Etroit,  fend  Hiirai|i 

rivers. 

Diyrt**  Mktttbt  a  name  glVen  bv 
failors  to  a  frightful  volcano,  near  I^n 
Nicaragiiay»  in  New- Spa  in,  featrd  near 
the  lake.  N.Iat.  i).  to.W.  long»65. 10. 

DBViL't  iftfitt  a  promontory  on  the 
S.  Itde  of  lake  OMtarto,  16  mika  E.  of 
FiOiing  bay,  and  a  3  N.  W.  of  the 
mouth  of  Genellee  river. 

Devil's  Iflatult  on  the  E:  (ide  'cf 
Chefioeak  bay,  is  in  Somerfet  co.  Ma- 
ry Inrnf,  between  Filhing  bay  and  Nano. 
kin  river. 

Dewaert,  an  inconfiderable  ifland 
lying  at  fome  dilbnce  E.  of  Terra  Ma- 
gellanica,  S.  America.   It  had  its  natne 
1rom  the  llrft  difcoverer. 

Dewee,  an  ifland  in  South-Carolina, 
which  forma  one  of  the  three  harbours 
of  Charleftown  city. 

Diamond,  or  Ramiti  ifiandt  one  of 
the  Grcnadillea,  in  the  W .  Indict.  See 
RhonJt  ifle. 

Dickenson  College,  See  CarKjh, 
in  Pennlylvania. 

DiCK's  H.  in  Kentueky»  it  a  branch 
of  Kentucky  R.  which  it  jloint  in  a 
N.  W.  dtre^ion.  It  it  about  50  miles 
long,  and  4.5  yards  wide  at  the  mouth, 
ami  hat  a  luimber  of  excel  lent  miU  featt, 
hnd  runs  through  a  body  of  firft  rate 
land. 

DiCKWASSET,  or  DigJignaJi,  a 
river,  in  the  Briti<h  province  of  New- 
Bnmfwick,  which  emptiet  into  Paffii- 
maquoddy  bay. 

DiEP  Town,  or  Deep  TV;***,  a  town 
on  the  N.  weftem  lide  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Chriftopher't,  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
lying  on  a  bay  of  the  fame  name. 

DiGBY,  fituated  on  the  S.  £.  fide  of 
Aimapolis  bay,  18  milet  S.W.  of  An- 
napolis, and  53  N.  byE.  of  Yarmouth, 
is  one  of  the  moft  confiderable  of  the 
new  fettlements  of  Nova-Scotia. 

Dice E  8  G>^,  onthe  S.fide  of  Hud> 
fbn  ftraits, N. lat.6t.4T.W.long.7S.50. 

DioHTON,  a  poft  town  in  Briftol  co. 
MatTachnfetts,  7  miles  from  Taunton, 
and  ao  from  Warren,  in  Rhode-Ifland. 
There  are  «36  houlies  in  the  townfliip, 
and  1793  inhabitants. 

DtNwiD.DiB,  a  CO.  in  Virginia,  S.  of 
Appamatto]^  R.  which  dividet  it  from 
Cheliet  ficldi    ](t  it  abovt  30  milet  long, 

ai\A 


mk  Ml*CNid»  ujA  if  chief  town  > 

Pcterftorg*  „ 

.  DisAfMi^fMSNTrabavontheN. 

W.  coaft  «f  W*  America.    N.  lat.  s». 

15.  W.  long.  H9'     .     ^  -.      . 

OitMAi.»  sfwanip  m  the  townfhip  of 
Miltois  Lincohi  co.  diAnA  oi'  Mniiu. 

DtsMAt  Stuamp,  tailed  the  Grett 
Dr/nyrit  to  diitinguiOi  it  from  tnother 
fwamp  called  Difmal,  in  Currituck  co. 
it  a  very  large  bog  extending  from  N. 
to  S.  near  30  miles,  and  iirom  £.  to  W. 
at  a  medium  about  10  miles;  partly  in 
Virginia,  and  partly  m  North-Carolina. 
No  lei's  than  5  navigable  rivers,  befides 
creeks,  rife  out  of  it }  whereof  two  run 
into  Vii^n'«,vi«.  the  S.  bi-anch  of  Eli- 
zabeth, and  the  S.  branch  of  Nani'e- 
mond  river,'  and  3  into  North  Carolina, 
namely,  Ni  R.  North-Wcft  R.  and 
Perquimont.  All  theie  hide  their  heads, 
property  fpeakit^g,  in  the  Diihinl,  there 
being  no  figns  of  them  above  gra>.ind. 
For  this  reafon  there  muft  be  plentiful 
Aibterraneous  ftorss  of  water  to  feed  To 
many  J-ivers,  or  elfe  the  foil  is  To  replete 
with  this  element  drained  from  the 
highlands  that  furrouiid  it,  that  it  can 
abundantly  affonl  thefe  fupplies.  This 
is  siioft  probable,  as  the  ground  of  the 
fwamp  IS  a  mere  auagmire,  ti-embling 
under  the  feet  of  thole  that  walk  upon 
it,  and  every  impreilion  is  inftantiy  Ailed 
with  water.  The  flcirts  of  the  twamp, 
towards  the  E.  are  overgrown  with  reeds, 
lo  or  IS  i«et  high,  interfpetfed  every 
nlief^  with  ftrong  bamboo  ohars.  A- 
niong  thefe  grow  here  and  there  a  cyprefs 
or  white  ceciar  which  laft  is  commonly 
miAaken  for  the  juniper.  1'owaitls  the 
S.  end  of  it  it  a  large  traft  of  reeds, 
which  being  conftantly  green,  and  wa- 
ving in  the  wind  is  called  the  green  lea. 
In  many  parts,  elpecially  on  the  bor- 
ders, crrows  an  ever  gret-n  flu'ub,  very 
Klentlhtlly,  called  the  gall  bufh.  It 
ears  a  beiry  which  dies  a  black  colour 
like  the  gait  of  an  oak,  whence  it  has 
its  name.  Near  the  middle  of  the  Dif- 
nial  the  trees  grow  much  thicker,  both 
cyprefs  and  ceciar.  Thele  being  always 
green,  and  loaded  with  very  large  tops, 
are  much  expofed  to  the  wind  and  eaiily 
blown  down,  the  boggy  ground  af- 
fording but  a  (Iti)der  hold  to  the  roots. 
Neither  beaft,  bird,  infe^,  or  reptile,  ap- 
proach the  heart  of  this  horrible  defert ; 
perhaps  deterred  by  the  everlalting 
ihade,  eccafioned  by  tht  ^ick  Arubs 


««■ 


:Di  r 

wKJ'kvAiM  u^i«h  the  Am  *cni«i 
penetratt,  to  warn  the  can^t  ntt,imi 
dfoed  do  any  birds  care  to  ~%-«Nr  il^ 
any  more  than  they  ai«  faii  to^lo  ovar 
the  lake  Avcmus,  £Mr  fcar  •£<  the  aaU 
fqme  exhalations  tliat  rife  from  tbia  vidl 
body  of  filth  and  naftinefs.  XhcfenosN 
ious  vapours  infeft  thrair  round  ahoui^ 
giving  agties  and  other  diftemjpen  to 
the  neighbouring  inhabitaatt.  On  th» 
weftern  border  ^  the  Difinal  b  a  piai 
fwamp,  above  a  mile  in  brendtkt  ffreat 
part  of  which  is  covered i.~^wittar 
knee  deep }  the  bottom,  howerer«  it 
firm,  and  the  pines  grow  very  tall,  uidi 
are  not  eafily  blown  down  by  tketwiad. 
With  all  thefe  difaiirantages,  the  Dif;. 
mat  is,  in  many  places  pleafmg  to  ihe 
eye,  though  difagreeabie  to  the  otkeir 
feniee. 
This  dreadful  fwamp  was  judfcd  im* 

SiafTable,  till  the  line,  dividing  Virginis 
i'om  N.  Carolina,  was  carriM  tkrooght 
it,  in  N.  lat.  36,  aS.  in  the  year  I7a8, 
by  order  of  king  George  II.  Althotif^ 
it  hapiiened  then  to  be  a '  very  dry  iea« 
fon,  the  men  who  were  employed  i» 
pufhing  the  line  were  not  alto^ther 
free  from  apprehennons  of  beine  ftarr.. 
ed  I  it  being  ,0  whole  days  berare  tkt 
work  was  ^..-complifhed,  though  t!<0pr 
proceeded  with  ^^U  poffible  diU|;cnc«  axA 
refolution,  and  befidet had  aoilt^iAferto 
retard  them. 

This  fwamp  is  chiefly  vnmtd  ^hf 
two  companies.  The  Virginia  comu 
pany,  of  which  General  Wafltingta» 
IS  <iae,  owns  tob,ooo  acres  t  the  Nordi> 
Carolina  company  owns  40,000  acitit«' 
In  the  midft  of  the  fwamp  i«,a>  lake» 
about  7  miles  long,  called  Drummgnd'e 
pond,  -rAwCe  waters  difchnrge  them«. 
iVIves  to  the  S.  into  Pafquotank  river^ 
which  empties  into  Albemarle  found  | 
on  the  N.  into  Elizabeth  and  Nanfe«' 
niond  rivers,  which  fall  into  James  K. 
A  navigable  canal  is  now  digging  to 
conne£l  the  navignbie  waters  of  the 
Pafquotank  <tixl  Elizabeth  rivers.  The 
diftance  aboiit  14  miles.  This  canal 
will  pill's  about  a  mile  E.  of  Dnim- 
mond's  pond,  and  will  receive  water* 
rrom  it.  The  Canal  company  are  in- 
corporated by  the  concurring  laws  of' 
Virginia  and  North-Carolina.  Thisca-*i 
nal,  when  finifhed,  will  open  an  inland-^ 
navigation  from  the  head  of  Che£|ie«fe 
hay,  including  all  the  rivers  in  Vtrntiiv, 
to  Georgetown  in  South-C«ts>Iiati ;  wait 

Vrhcn 


t4t  DOH 

iriMi  tha  fliort  ami  Ama  Elk  rhrcr  t» 
CiMriiiMw  craak  it  opmcd,  the  commu- 
akatkNi  will  atend  to  Philadelphia 
aad  the  other  ports  conncAed  with  De- 
feniari  river.  Such  an  extenfiVe  inland 
•oaMmaication  muft  be  beneficial  in 
lime  of  peace,  and  in  tinx  of  war  will 
|«  eftatially  fenriceable. 

DixomV  Smuidt  on  the  N.  W.«oaft 
•f  N.  America,  \%  the  paiGige  into  the 
tend  between  the  main  laffd  and 
WaflUafton't  or  Queen  Charlotte*s  id- 
aade»  fimn  the  N.  W.  Thia  fetme  to 
ht  what  ik  called  in  America  BarreUs^ 
Smmi%   ".ichTee. 

ronu'i  #1(177,  ^"  Hudfon  river,  t«  %i 
ailet  above  New. York  city. 

DoB»VCa.  in  Ncwbem  diftiia,  N, 
Canlinay  has  been  dlvi(<«d  into  two 
( ou  ttiea,  vit.  Giafgow  and  Lenoir,  fincc 
•MCsenttia  ot'  X790,  and  the  name  no 
longer  exifta.  It  contained  6893  ia> 
habitantt,  of  whom  191 5  were  Have*. 

DOG'i  ^nd,  on<;  of  the  fmaller 
Vii^in  iHandt,  fituated  on  the  weft  of 
Virgin  Corda,  and  £.  of  Toitula.  N. 
lat.  18.  so.-  W.  long.  6x.  5;. 

i)00-RlBBeD  imiiam,  inhabit  round 
lake  Elande,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  N. 
America.  They  are  often  at  war  with 
the  Arathapeicow  Imiians.  Both  thefe 
liribes  are  amei^  the  moft  lavage  of  the 
Inimaa  nsce*  They  trade  with  the 
Hudlbn  bay  Conrpany's  fcttleinents. 
Edlande,  lake  lies  N.  of  th«  Arathapef- 
oow  Tea,  or  lake,  and  near  the  arAic 
circle. 

Domingo,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  At> 
lanrtc  ocean,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf 
of  Mexico,  is  one  of  the  four  great  An> 
tiliet,  the  hrgeft  of  them  all,  extept  the 
ifland  of  Cudj,  and  provetl  tlie  cradle 
of  Euro/ran  power  in  thf  new  world. 
Cbriftwher  Columbus  landed  on  it  the 
6th  of  I>ee.  I49s>  The  natives  called 
it  tiayli,  fignifying  hiVh  or  mountainous 
land.  Cbarievoix  fays  it  was  called 
Hjuifqueyat  that  is,  great  country,  or 
mother  of  countries.  Others  tay  it  had 
the  name  of  Bijhio,  which  meaps,  a 
CKnmtry  full  of  habitations  and  villages. 
Columbus  called  it  Hi/pattiela,  or  Little 
Spain,  which  name  the  Spaniaius  ftill 
■Main,  though  St.  Domingo  is  the  name 
commonly  ufcd  by  other  nations;  lb 
Jeallcd  fr»a  St,  Dumit^p,  the  capital  of 
the  Spanilb  pait ;  which  was  thus  nam- 
ed by  i.'<^ttfrbtts  in  honour  of  his  fit- 
dM».    it*  Oeauitijo  k  Utuatcd  bcLwsec 


DOM 

17. 55.  andao.  N.  laritoda,  n 
71.  and  77.  W.  kmritude  fiwnParia* 
It  lies  45  leaguta  E.  N.  E.  of  lamaiea, 
as  8.  E.  of  Cuba,  and  so  N.  W.by  W# 

of  Porto  Rico  {  and  is,  not  including  that 
Anall  dependent  Iflands  that  fiinround  it, 
t(So  leagues  long  from  E.  to  W.  and 
from  €0  to  70  oroad  from  N.  to  S« 
When  the  Spaniards  difcovered  the  ifl- 
and, there  were  on  it  at  leaft  a  million 
of  happy  inhabitants,  and  Bartholomew 
de  his  CaAs,  Ihys  there  were  three  mil- 
lions. Such,  however,  were  the  cruel- 
ties of  the  Spaniards,  uxl  to  fuch  an  in- 
famous height  did  they  carry  their  op 
preflion  of  the  ;;;oor  ratines,  that  they 
were  reduced  to  60,000  iu  the  kliort 
ipi>C('  0/ 1 5  years  1  It  formed  five  khie- 
doms,  ciich  governed  by  fovereigns  call- 
ed caciques.  The  names  of  th«e  king- 
doms were  Maqua  Uaritn,  Higutty, 
Maguaua,  and  Asn^i^ajf.  The  Spa- 
niards had  pofltsflion  of  iU*  whole  of  the 
ifland  for  i so  years.  At  l.nl,  nbout  the 
year  1630,  3  handful  of  Englifli,  trench, 
and  other  Europeans,  came  and  forced, 
them  to  fight  in  its  defence,  and  after 
repeated  wais  for  50  years,  they  were 
forced  to  divide  the  ifland  with  the 
French.  Thefe  latter,  being  the  only 
furvivors  of  the  firft  free  hooters  or  buc- 
caniera,  or  hitving  infenftbly  acquired 
an  afcendeitcy  amone  them,  had*  fo 
early  as  1640,  formed  this  aflcmbly  of 
individuals,  bom  under  the  domina- 
tion of  almoft  ail  the  powers  of  Eu- 
rope, into  a  French  colony,  nnder  the 
direction  of  the  general  government, 
firft  eftfMiflied  at  St.  Chrii)opher*s,  and- 
afterwards  at  Martinico.  Ijic  Spanifli 
part  is  by  far  the  moft  rxtenf.ve  and  the 
moft  fertile;  that  of  the  French  Uie 
heft  cultivated.  The  whctf:  ifland  now 
belongs  to  the'  French  r^^public,  the 
Spaniards  having-  ceded  t'.ieir  put  of  it 
to  that  power  in  the  tier.ty  ef  179$' 

The  SjiSniards,  however  ungrateful 
to  the  dilcovercr  of  the  new  worldvdu- 
ring  his  life,  would  not  leavr  hiiduft 
out  of  their  territories.  The  remams  of 
Columbus,  who  diei'.  the  toth  of  Mny, 
1506,  ■.ver<'  firft  dtpofited  in  Seville,  a/- 
terwar:it  •'emoved  to  the  cathci'i  al  in  the 
city  of  St.  Domirf^fo,  and  laftly -^^nveyed 
to  the  Havsiinah  in  a  74  gun  Aiip; 
and  on  die  19th  of  January,  1796,  all 
that  was  mortal  of  tiiat  great  man,  was 
committed  to  the  earth  the  third  time, 
with  greittt  parride  and  ceremony. 

Tiic 


D'O  M 

■  The  foHowifig  partiailtrt  f^lating  to 
thii  Ikmow  ifland  are  founded  on  the 
beft  authorhy,  and  many  circumftaneee 
reouire  a  ^paratt  view  of  the  two  ani. 
ficial  divillons  of  the  ifland,  viz.  the 
French  and  Spanifli  territoriet,  before 
they  were  tmitcd  under  one  head.  They 
are  both  alike  in  poAeiDng  the  varioue 
nroiliK^iona  common  to  the  W.  Indies. 
The  European  cattle  are  fo  multiplied 
here  that  they  run  wild  in  the  woods  { 
few  of  theCe  are  in  the  French  part  in 
comparifbn  with  the  Spanifli. 

The  two  Rreiit  chaina  of  monntains, 
which  extend  from  E.  to  W.  and  their 
numeroiia  fpurs,  give  the  illand  an  afpeA, 
at  a  diftance,  not  fo  favourable  ai  it  de- 
(ervei.  They  are,  however,  the  caufe 
of  the  fertility  of  the  idand .  They  give 
fotirce  to  innumerable  rivers,  repel  the 
violence  of  the  winds,  varv  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  air,  and  multiply  the  re- 
fources  of  human  induitry.  They 
abound  with  excellent  timber,  ^nd  mines 
of  iron,  lead,  copper,  filver,  gold,  Ibme 
precious  ftones,  and  even  mercury.— 
With  refpe£i  to  the  vegetable  clnl's  in 
this  ifland,  it  would  be  difficult,  even 
in  a  work  devoted  to  the  iubje^,  to 
exprefs  or  paint  all  their  majefty.  Here 
are  the  mountains  of  Cibao,  SelU,  and 
Hotttf  reckoned  looo  fathoms  aliovethe 
level  of  the  iea.  In  the  bowels  of  the 
firtt,  the  cruel  Spaniards  condemned 
thoufands  of  the  natives,  to  lacnfice 
their  lives,  in  ftarch  of  gold.  Tlie 
mines  are  not  now  workei),  although 
Valvardr  thinks  they  might  be  to  advan> 
tage.  In  the  plains,  in  the  Spnnini 
part,  the  heat  is  nearly  uniform,  hut 
varies  in  proportion  to  theirdiilance  irom 
the  mountains.  In  the  plains,  the  ther- 
mometer 's  fbmetimes  at  ^9.  In  the 
mountaih  it  rarely  rifes  a'niVc!  7«,  or 
77.  There  iiie  nights  are  cool  enotigli 
to  render  a  blanket  not  unwc!''omie  j  and 
there  are  mountains  where  even  a  fire  is 
a  very  agreeable  companion  in  fome 
ever, in  is.  The  contrail  of  violent  hears 
'.nd  jcavy  rains  renders  St.  Domingo 
h'.inid ;  hence  the  tarnifhed  appearance 
of  alinoit  all  metals,  however  brilliant 
the  ,pt)lifli  they  may  01  IginaHy  have  had. 
This  is  particularly  oblcrvable  t  n  the 
fea  fliore,  which  is  more  unhealthy  than 
the  interior  parts  of  the  ifland.  The 
foutheri?  part  of  the  ifland  is  pretty 
much  fubjeft  to  hurricanes,  c^lled  here 
iouthern  gales,  becaulc  ihey  are  not  at- 


n  &  M 


HS 


tended  with  flich  dretelful  cdnftqnences 
M  the   hurrkanea   in   tke   windwani 


^-H«. 


It.: 


The  Spanifli  part  H  computed  to  cott- 
tam  about  90  leagues  in  its  grcMit 
length  from  K  to  W.  (o  leagues  In  its 
greatell  breadth)  having  t  furfiMc  of 
about  3, loofquare  leagues.  About  4«« 
fquare  leaeues  of  this  Airfaeeis  innioui»- 
tains,  which  are  generally  more  capaUe 
of  culttvition  than  thofe  in  the  French 
part,  and  have  fomethnes  •  Ml  tint 
difputes  the  preference  with  thateftlm 
vallies.  There  remains  therefore  a  fUic 
feitile  furface  of  moiv  than  1,700  Ibitare 
leagues,  divided  into  vallies  and  plains 
of  varioiu  lengths  and  breadths. 

Many  circumlhinces  confpired  to  rm- 
der  this  ifland  a  place  of  importmee  to 
the  Spaniards.  It  was  a  key  to  the  coif 
of  Mexico,  a  convenient  place  for  meir 
(hipping  to  touch  at,  an  excellent  l«n> 
dezvous  for  their  fqnadrons  and  fleets, 
and  an  important  hold  for  naval  opera... 
tions  of  ail  forts  {  but  from  the  impoli- 
tic meaiures  of  the  government,  and  the 
reftraints  on  commerce,  it  proved  rather 
a  buiden  than  an  advania^  to  the  mo- 
ther country. 

The  cantons  or  jurifdijlions,  beg^n* 
ningat  the  weftemmoit  point  of  the  Spa- 
nifh  frontiers,  on  the  ibuthem  coaft  or 
narrows,  are,  Babaruco,  poflefled  by  the 
brigands  or  fugitive  Spanish  and  French 
negroes,  who  inhabit  the  mountain  of 
Bahoruco^,  Nejbft  Axua^  Bant  or  Vani, 
the  city  of  St.  Domiago,  and  territory 
dependent  thereon,  St.  Lattrent  4e$ 
Mtues,  SamoHOt  Coiuvt  La  FtgOf  St, 
fago,  DaxaboMt  St.  Raphdtl,  HitKhe^ 
Baniquti  :ind  St.  John  tf  Magtutna. 
Over  the  whole  of  the  Spanjfh  part  of 
the  ifland,  mountains  and  plains,  are 
fpread  115,000  inhabitants}  of  whom 
110,000  are  free,  and  15,000  ilaves'} 
which  does  nor  amotmt  to  40  indivldo.- 
als  to  one  fquare  league.  The  Spanifh 
Creoles  are  inrcnlihlo  of  all  the  treafures 
which  furround  them,  and  pafs  tl.«ir 
lives  without  wiftiing  to  change  their 
lot ;  while  the  French  portion  fumtfhes 
three  fifths  of  the  produce  of  all  the 
French  Weft-India  colonies  put  togeth  -r; 
or  more  than  1  o  millions  fttrling.  The 
drefs  and  mode  of  living  of  the  Spanifli 
Creole;  indicate  pride,  laxinefs,  and  po- 
verty. A  capital,  which  of  itfelf  indi- 
cates deca)'.  little  infignificant  towns 
here  and  the  e,   a  few  colonial  fettle" 

ments. 


r. «». 


•44  I^OM 

•WHttt  far  wlikh  cHt  munc  «f  muiufM-> 
MriM  would  h*  tm  gritt  tslionowri  iai> 
menfc  ppflRrfliom  called  Hattts,  where 
kmfts  and  MtiU  arc  rai(cd  with  little 
caftt  in  different  grades  of  <loincftica- 
liou  I  as  the  domenic,  the  gentle*  and 
Ibe  (k»fh ,  Thole  called  wild  or  moun- 
laiaeen,  a*  alfo  the  ihy^  coll  the  heidf- 
mc««  eallcd  pioneers  and  lancersi  tm* 
.  aienlSr  labour  and  danger  in  the  cliafe. 
The  hattes  are  the  moft  numerbus  Toit 
9i  Spsoifli  fettlementst  and  of  an  extent 
lar  difproportioncd  to  their  utility. 
Jome  are  leveral  fquare  leaguet»  and  do 
«ot  foniain  above  500  heail  of  cattle,, 

EMt  and  fmall.  Some  are  called  horfe- 
ttes»  athcivcattle> hattes*  according  to 
thr  MQc  «£  the  animals  they  contain ; 
•tbeM  ufed  in  breeding  pigs  are  called 
•anils.  A  fmall  piece  of  wood  land, 
called  veneric,  frequently  ferves  as  a 
boundary  between  the  hattes,  common 
totbofe  on  both  fides  o(  it,  and  alfo 
flielters  the  cattle  from  the  heat  of  the 
fun.  The  woodland  likcwife  attrafls 
the  wikl  animaU,  and  lefTens  the  labours' 
«f  the  huntfinan.  In  thcfe  hattes,  the 
people  lodge  miferably,  and  liave  but 
poor  uibiitFence.  The  (mall  provifion 
nrms  called  CoMtost  fall  generally  to 
the  lot  of  the  poorer  colouifts,  or  moft 
commonly  |)cople  of  colour,  or  freed 
people. 

The  fupply  of  hornetl  cattle  to  the 
French  part  of  the  illand  cannot  be  ef- 
limated  at  lefs  than  1 5,000  head  annu- 
•lly  t  of  which  the  Spaniards  furnifli 
4bur  fifths.  Thei'e  at  30  dollars  a  he;^ '. 
and  bringing  them  by  the  Spaniards, 
cannot  be  Iclii  than  450,000  dollars. 
This  forms  three  quarters  of  the  pro- 
duce of  the  colony  ;  and  the  impoft  paid 
<o  government  is  10  per  cent.  The 
mimber  of  100,000  heuJ  of  cattle  is  the 
number  in  the  general  cenfus  taken  by 
order  of  the  prelident  in  1780,  and  if 
«»e:  count  the  cattte  exempted  from  the 
tribute,  they  may  amount  to  £50,000  } 
without  comprehending  horfes,  mules 
and  aflRrs,  which,  with  an  augmentation 
eftunated  fince  1780,  would  make  a 
ftock  of  300,000  head,  and  an  annual 
preduftion.of  €0,000 j  and  iuppote  a 
fifth  part  of  the  young  ones  perifl)  ac- 
cidewtally,  there  ftill  remains  48,000. 
Therefources  of  the  colonifts  are  vei7 
confined,  and  their  few  eftablirtunenu 
all  below  mediocrity*  There  are  but 
t*  fugar  maaufiAorici  of  any  conle- 


DOM 

<iu«ncc ;  the  u9t  being  not  wartfa  nini' 
iiig  i  and  even  tbcic  aa  havt  altegethev 
but  About  600  negroes*  Of  tbciii  i 
piuluce  fyriip,  and  Ibme  Aigari  bu| 
the  others  which  are  called  trapaehi»s« 
where  animals  are  employed  to  turn 
the  mills  and  prefs  tlic  canes,  with- 
out (belter  in  the  raen  air»  make  no- 
thing but  fyrop.  The  whole,  of  which 
produce  is  d^erally  ufed  in  tbe  colony } 
fmall  quantities  are  ibmetimcs  fent  to 
Porto  Rico,  or  to  Old  Spain )  and  th« 
goodneCs  of  the  fugar  has  proved  that 
of  the  ibil,  but  nothing  in  favour  of  the 
manulaaurer.  The  coffee  raifed  here 
is  excellent  1  each  tree  in  a  Hate  of 
bearing  will  produce  on  an  average  a 
pound  weight,  and  is  fometimei  of  a 
quality  equal  to  that  of  Mocha,  yet 
chocolate  is  preferred  to  it.  Cotton 
grows  natui-ally  at  St.  Domingo,  of  an 
excellent  quality,  even  without  caie  in 
(tony  land,  and  in  the  crevices  of'the 
rocks.  The  numerous  roots  of  indigo 
are  only  obfbcles  to  the  feeble  cultiva- 
tion of  the  fields,  where  it  grows  l)x>n- 
taneoufly.  All  thefe  valuable  produc- 
tions have  Ihared  the  fate  of  depopula- 
tion. Tobacco,  fays  Valverde,  has  here 
a  larger  leaf  than  m  any  other  part  of 
America}  it  grows  every  where,  and 
equals  Ibmetimes  that  of  Cuba  or  the 
Havannah.  It  is  as  much  eAecmed  as 
this  latter,  in  the  manufactures  of  Se- 
ville, and  is  even  preferable  to  it  in  fe- 
gars.  Its  cultivation  has  lately  become 
more  general.  The  kernel  of  the  cocoa 
nut  ct  St  Domingo  is  more  acidulated 
than  that  of  the  cocoa  nut  of  Venezuela 
and  Caraca,  to  which  it  is  not  inferior } 
and  experience  proves,  that  the  chocolate 
made  of  the  two  cocoas  has  a  more  de- 
licate flavour  than  that  made  of  the 
cocr  a  of  Caraca  alone.  Achiote,  gin- 
ger, and  caflta  have  fliared  the  fate  of 
the  other  productions. 

Tlie  population  of  the  Spanilh  part 
is  conipokd  of  whites,  freed  p<(oplc, 
and  (laves.  There  are  alio  a  few  Creoles 
refembling  the  Indians,  having  long, 
(haisht  and  black  hair,  who  pretend  to 
be  defcendants  of  the  ancient  natives. 
They  are,  however,  thought  to  be  de- 
I'cended  from  a  mixture  of  tlie  alKU'igi- 
ne«  and  the  Spaniards.  There  were, 
however,  in  1744,  feveral  Indians  at 
3anique,  wlio  proved  their  defcuit  from 
the  fubjqSU  of  tbe  tmfortunate  caciqu^ 
Htiiri\   althoui^    biltorical  authority 

afiiiniS 


DOM 

•Aritii  thai  the  wholt  ncc  wm  «tter- 
ninftcd. 

The  freed  people  an  few  in  mimberf 
if  compered  with  the  white*,  but  con- 
liderable  in  proportion  to  the  number  of 
tM  ilavei.    The  people  of  colour  are 
excluded  frbm  almojl  all  employment!, 
civil  ae  welf  aa  military,  ae  lonji;  as  the 
colour  of  the  (kin  bethiyt  ita  origin )  but 
the  political  conftitution  of  the  country 
admifa  of  no  diftin£lion  lietween  the 
civil  right*  of  a  white  inhabitant  and 
thofe  ot  I  free  perfon.    Indeed  the  ma> 
jor  part  of  the  Spanilh  colonifta  are  of  a 
triixed  racei  thia  an  African  feature, 
and  fometiniea  more  than  one,  often 
betraya ;  but  ita  frequency  haa  filenced 
a  prejudice  that  would  otherwile  be  a 
troublefome  reniembranccr.     People  of 
colour  are  admitted  to  the  piiefthood 
without  difficulty;   but  the  Spaniarda 
have  not  yet   brought  themfelvea   to 
iQake  neg'o  priefta  and  bifhopa  like  the 
Portugucfe.   StaTea  are  treated  with  ex- 
treme niildnefa,  and  are  ufually  fed  aa 
well  aa  their  maftera.  A  rcligioua  prin- 
ciple and  an  illicit  affeftion  tend  to  their 
emancipation.  A  (lave  can  redeem  hiih> 
(elf  at  a  price  (ixed  by  law.    Thua  the 
fate  of  the  flave  ia  (bnened  bv  the  hope 
of  f-cwdom  and  the  authority  of  the 
mafter  by  the  habit  of  being  confound- 
ed, in  fome  fort,  with  thote  who  were 
the  other  day  in  (lavery.    The  lawa 
againft   flaves    are    much   negle6led; 
thofe  in  their  favour  are  rery  exa£lly 
obferved. 

Few  of  the  creolea  can  either  read  or 
write  I  hence  the  want  of  focial  inter- 
courfe,  which  ia  alfo  augmented  by  the 
badnefa  of  the  roads.  The  roada  are 
nothing  but  paths  palTable  only  on  foot 
and  on  borfeback ;  and  8  leaguea  a  day 
18  verv  great  work,  ui  wliicli  fpace  the 
traveller  often  doea  not  meet  with  a  (in- 
gle habitation,  and  mud  conlequentiy 
carry  with  him  every  necellar)'  for  nou- 
rifhment  and  lodging.  Such  is  the  low 
ftate  of  commerce  in  the  Spanilh  part, 
that  Don  Antonio  de  Valverde,  a  na- 
tive Creole,  goes  fo  far  a*  to  af^t,  in 
bis  account  of  the  twrritory,  that  the 
commerce  in  cattle,  with  the  French 
part,  is  its  only  fupport. 

The' whole  ifland  is  in  general  well 
watered  by  rivers  and  brook*  without 
number,  but  certain  (paces  aiT  deprived 
of  this  advantage.  From  the  formation 
of  the  illand,  their  courlea  are  but  fltort^ 


DOM  145 

and  few  of  them  navigable  to  any  dU^ 
tafice.  It  ia  generally  umpoiflible  to  con* 
ceive,  fitom  tht  tranquU  a(|pc£l  that 
thefe  river*  uAially  wmi'f  what  they  be- 
come when  tbey  overflow  their  buka* 
A  river  that  but  now  hardly  covered  the 
pebbles  on  it*  bed,  or  wet  the  foot  of 
the  traveller,  i*  changed  by  one  tern- 
peftuov*  fhower  into  a  flood.  nMnaciag 
all  that  it  approache* )  and  ihould  ita 
banks  give  way,  it  fpireads  its  watery 
devaftaticn  over  the  plain*.  Many  of 
thefe  are  infefted  with  ailigatori.  The 
only  lake*  or  ponds  worth  notice  are 
thofe  of  Henriquelle  and  Salt  pond) 
the  former  i*  a  great  curiofity.  See 
HtHriqutlU. 

The  chief  of  the  ifland*  which  (Ur- 
round  St.  Domingo,  pait  of  which  be- 
longed to  the  Spanifli  part,  are  Altavele, 
Saone,  Beate,  St.  Catheriiie,  oil  the>. 
j  fide  from  W.  to  £.  Mone,  and  Nfoni- 
que  on  the  8.  E.  Caymite*  and  Coilava 
on  the  W.  between  the  two  penihlbla** 
and  La  Tortue,  on  the  ^.  (iur,  tbwarda 
the  W.  end  of  the  ifland,  and  that  of 
Avache  on  the  S.  iide  of  the  fedthern 
peninfula. 

The  ancient  divilion  line  which  fepa- 
rated  the  French  from  the  Spsnifli  |^rt 
of  the  ifland  extended  from  the  river 
de*  Anfea  a  Pitre  or  Pedetnalea,  on  the 
S.  (ide,  to  that  of  Mafl'acre,  on  the  N. 
iide,  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Mancen> 
ille,  which,  together  with  the  large  bay 
which  feta  up  from  the  weftward,  be> 
tweeii  Cape  St.  Nichola*  and  Cape 
Dame  Marie.  8.  W.  of  the  former,  and 
4}  leagues  apart,  mould*  this  divifion 
of  the  ifland  into  fuch  a  figure,  as  call 
be  bcft  comprehended  by  a  view  of  the 
map;  fuificie  it  to  fay,  that  it  containa 
«, 500,000  acres  of  land,  of  an  extremely 
fertile  foil,  prefenting  an  agreeable  va- 
riety of  hills,  vallies,  woods  and  ftttam*. 

The  French  part  of  St.  Doming, 
containing  2,500,000  acres,  of  which 
1,500,000  were  under  high  cultivation 
in  1789,  was  then  divided  into  10  jurif- 
diAions,  which  were  fubdivided  into 
51  pariflies.  Weft  jurilUiftions,  Port 
an  Prince,  St  Mark,  Le  Petite  Goave, 
and  Jeriemie— in  the  north,  Cape  Fran- 
cois, Fort  Dauph  n,  and  Port  de  Paix— > 
thofe  in  the  foutn,  Les  Cayes,  St.  Louis, 
and  JacmeL  Before  the  late  revolution, 
there  wei'e  in  thefe  parifhes  about  41,000 
white  people,  44,000  free  people  of 
colour,  and  6co,ooo  (laves.    Oth^r  ac- 

K  counts 


14^ 


DOM 


conatt  make  thwi  con6derabIy  left  { 
the  Aore*  howcrcr,  It  from  good  au- 
tiMritjr.  The  number  of  deathi,  during 
17191  according  to  the  biUt  of  mortalT 
ty,  7i«i— 4he  number  of  b|rthi  the  fkme 
year,4a3a.  The  excefe  of  death*,  iSto, 
will  be  the  leA  aftoniflilng,  when  it  ii 
confidcred,  that  la  the  vean,  17I7,  and 
■7tl»  there  had  been  imported  into  the 
colonjr  nearly  Aoiooo  new  ncgroei. 
The  exports  rrom  Jan.  1,  I7t9t  tcDec. 
3i»oftnerameyear»were47,5i6,53iJbi. 
white  fugar,  93>573>300  brown  (ugar; 
7^^1,9% $t%t^\h%  come i  7,O04t»74>ibi. 
cotton}  75t,6allbw.  indigo;  and  other 
artidea,  a«  tanned  hidei,  molaflTes,  fpi. 
rite,  Sec.  to  the  valiie  of  46,173  livrcs. 
The  total  value  of  duties  on  the  above 
cxportations,  amounted  to  770,801  dol- 
lars, 3  cents.  Port  au  Prince  is  the 
ieatof  the  French  government  in  this  ifl- 
and,  in  time  of  peace,  and  a  place  of  con- 
(Iderable  trade.  Cape  Francois  exceeds 
Fort  au  Prince  in  the  value  of  its  pro- 
dudionst  the  elegance  6f  its  buildines, 
and  the  advantageous  fituation  of  its 
I>ort.  It  is  the  governor's  refidence  in 
time  of  war.  The  Mole,  though  infe- 
rior to  thefe  in  other  refpefts,  is  the  fiift 
port  in  the  illand  for  lafety  in  time  of 
war,  being  bv  nature  and  art  ftixmgly 
fertified.  The  other  towns  and  ports 
of  any  note,  are  fort  Dauphin,  St. 
Mark,  Leonne,  Petit  Goave,  Jcremle, 
Les  Cayes,  St.  Louis,  and  Jacmel,  whicii 
lee  under  their  different  names. 

The  moft  ancient  town  in  this  ifland, 
and  in  all  America,  built  bv  Europeans, 
is  St.  Domingo ;  of  whico  an  account 
is  given  below.  To  thefe  particular 
obtervations,  we  add  the  following,  of  a 
more  general  nature:  The  foear  and 
indigo  plantations  were  in  the  flat,  the 
coffee  in  the  mountainous  lands.  The 
plantations  were  for  the  moft  part  en- 
clvfed  with  live  hedges,  ftraieht  and 
well  dreflcd ;  thfe  dwelling  and  mami- 
fa£tory  houfes  were  built  and  laid  out 
with  great  neatnefs  and  tafte ;  every 
habitation  pofli^cd  a  private  hol'pital 
for  the  accommodation  of  its  (icic  ne- 
groes, who  were  parentally  dealt  with  ; 
the  roads  were  excellent;  and  from  the 
general  hofpitality  and  cbeerfuhiefs  of 
Its  former  inhabitants,  it  was  confidcred 
as  one  of  the  moft  enviable  Ipots  on 
earth.  Such  was  the  French  part  of 
St.  Domingo  in  17^9  ;  but,  alas!  it  is 
ns  more  1  the  deftjruQjve  ravage*  of  ao 


DOM 

unrelenting  InAirrcAiM,  of  frightful 
mafl'acret  and  conflagrations,  have  laid 
waftc  all  thofo  bcautifal  fettlemcnts. 
reduced  the  buildings  to  aihes,  and  laid 
low  in  duft  or  feattercd  iJi  cxih>t  Ita 
wretched  inhabitant!. 

The  flrft  interference  of  the  National 
Aflfembly,  in  the  aflfairs  of  the  colonies* 
was  by  a  decree  of  the  Ith  of  March, 
1790,  which  deehred,  •«  That  all  free 
perfons,  who  were  proprietors  and  refi- 
dents  of  two  years  ftanding,  and  who 
contributed  to  the  exigencies  of  the 
ftate,  fliouM  exereife  the  rights  of  vot> 
ing,  which  conftitute  the  quality  of 
French  citizens.'*  This  decree,  though 
in  faA  it  gave  no  new  rights  to  the  p«o. 
pie  of  colour,  was  regaraed  with  a  jea- 
lous eye  by  the  white  planters )  wnofe 
pride  and  refentment  diAated  to  them 
to  repel  the  people  of  colour  from  their 
aflfemblies.  This  feems  to  be  the  true 
fource  of  their  calamities  |  to  develope 
which,  ar  1  the  dreadful  conftquences, 
belong  tt  the  profeiTed  hiftorian. 

Domingo,  St.  the  capital  of  the 
Spanifti  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go, or  Hil^ianiola,  is  fituated  on  the  W. 
Bank  of  the  Oxama,  a  league  below 
the  mouth  of  Il'abella  river,  in  which 
diftance  it  is  14  feet  deep,  having  a  bot- 
tom of  mud  or  tok  And,  and  banks  ao 
feet  perpoidicular  height}  but  N.  of 
the  city  this  height  is  reduced  to  4  feet. 
The  Oaama  is  navigable  for  9  or  10 
leagues,  and  has  feveral  fugar  manure- 
tones,  tile  kilns,  and  provilion  farms  on 
its  bonks.  The  road  before  the  mouth 
of  the  Orama  is  very  indifferent,  and  lies 
expofed  from  W.  S.  W.  to  E.  It  is 
impofTible  to  anchor  in  it  in  the  time 
of  the  South  winds}  and  the  north 
winds  drive  the  veflels  from  their  moor- 
ings out  into  the  fea,  which  here  runs 
extremely  high.  The  port  of  St  Do. 
mingo  is  magnificent  in  every  refpeft  | 
a  real  naturaibafon,  with  a  great  num- 
ber of  careenings  tor  the  veflels  that  can 
get  at  them.  There  is  a  rock  at  the 
entrance,  which  will  only  admit  veflciis 
drawing  18  or  zo  feet  water }  which  it 
is  alGrrted  might  be  removed  without 
great  difficulty. 

Tlie  city  ot  St  Demii^  was  origin* 
ally  founded  on  the  E.  iidc  of  the  Oxa. 
ma,  in  1494,  by  Bartholomew  Colum- 
bus, who  gave  it  the  name  of  new  Ila« 
bella.  Authors  afl«:rt  that  Chrifto> 
pbet  ColuNibw  save  it  the  ume  of  his> 

father. 


D6iit 

Father,  and  thst  the  Inhtbltutti  of  lA- 
belta  on  tht  N.  eoatt  of  tlie  ifltnd, 
founded  by  ChrHlopber  Columhut  in 
149  J,  removed  to  New-IfabelU  In  1496. 
In  f50>  a  hiuricane  deftroyed  moftof 
hi  building*,  which  induced  Ovando  to 
remove  the  inhabitanta  to  the  W»  JSde 
of  the  river.  The  new  citv  waa  foon 
huiit,  and  that  with  agranoeur  ofde< 
iign  not  \tnworthy  of  the  firft  metropo- 
lis of  the  New  World.  The  plan  of 
the  city  !i  a  trapexium  of  about  540 
fatliomt  on  the  E.  (iJc,  along  the  Oza- 
hia ;  near  500  fathoms  on  the  S.  border- 
ing  on  the  fea )  apd  of  about  1  Soo  fa- 
thoms in  circumference.  To  the  W. 
and  to  the  N.  of  the  city,  the  land  is 
rough  and  roclcy  for  about  half  a  league, 
but  after  that  it  becomes  good,  and  the 
country  delightful.  Towards  the  fea 
the  fcite  of  the  city  lies  very  high,  which 
forms  an  infurmountable  dyke  againll 
the  fury  Of  the  waves,  it  is  furrounded 
With  a  rampart  i  feet  in  diameter,  and 
about  10  feet  high.  There  is  a  great 
deal  of  ordnance  at  Stv  Domingo,  par- 
ticularly caft  ordnance,  but  the  foitiftca- 
tions  are  not  ftrong ;  and  the  height  of 
the  Ileignes  commands  it  entirely  }  and 
its  crown  is  not  more  than  250  fathoms 
from  the  ditch^  The  ftreets  are  CpicioMt, 
and  ftrait  as  a  line>  which  gives  it  a 
pleafing  appearance.  Ten  of  thefe 
ftrcets  run  from  N.  to  S.  and  ten  others 
from  E.  to  W.  The  greateft  part  of 
ithe  hpufes,  firft  built,  are  of  a  fort  of 
marble  folmd  in  the  vicinity,  and  in  the 
Ryle  of  the  ancient  towns  of  Spain  and 
iltaly  :  thofe  of  a  more  recent  conftruc- 
lion  are  of  tania,  a  fort  of  pife.  To 
ereft  thefe  buildings,  a  cafe  is  made  of 
planks,  between  pillars  of  mafonryt 
thiscale  is  filled  by  degrees  with  a  red- 
di(h  clay,  which  is  rammed  down  as  it 
is  thrown  in,  until  it  forms  a  folid,  or 
fort  of  wall,  between  the  Jkillars.  The 
day  thus  prefled  together,  acquires  an 
amazing  hardnefs^  and  the  walls  are 
Cbmetimes  fo  folid  and  ftronc:,  that  the 
illars  of  mafonry  are  ilfelefs.  The 
loufes  of  St.  Dominga  are  tolerably 
handfome,  in  a  fimple  ftvle,  and  nearly 
uniform.  A  Confulerable  part  oft'.' 
built  ^j-ithinthefe  i5years,  are  of  wop',  I 
Covered  with  the  leaves  or  taclies  of 
palm  trees.  The  roofs  are  generally 
platformed,  being  fliaped  (o  as  to  con- 
«.!»ift  the  rain-water  to  the  ciftertis.  The 
climate  of  the  capital  is,  happily,  vciy 


P 
III 


te^ipente.  The  nights  of  thofe  months 
which  inf«rer.  to  the  winter  in  Eur^, 
•re  even  fmind  to  be  eold. 

Among  a  number  of  public  edifices 
that  ment  attention,  in  this  declining  ci> 
ty,  we  may  reckon  the  ruins  of  the  hotife 
that  Diego,  fon  of  Chriftopher  Colum« 
bus^  had  begun,  entirety  of  newed  llone. 
The  walls  are  yet  remaining,  and  fbtni 
of  the  fculpture  round   the  windows. 
The  itjof  and  ceilings  are  fallen  (n,  the 
lower  floor  is  become  a  pen  for  cattle  ( 
and  a  Latin  infcrintion  over  the  portatf 
is  now  hidden  by  tne  hut  of  a  herdfmfen. 
The  cathedral,  of  the  faihe  fort  of  ftone 
as  the  houfe  of  Diego  Columbus,  (lands 
ontheS.  E.    Oppofite  its  entrance  is 
a  fine  fpacious  oblong  fuuare,  at  the  S. 
W.  end  of  which  is  tiie  town  houfe. 
The  cathedral  is  a  noble  Gothic  pilo 
beeunin  151a,  and  finilhed  in  <540> 
and  was  conftruAed  after  the  model  of 
a  church  at  Home.    It  merits  admira- 
tion  on  account  of  the  boldnefs  of  its 
vault,  which  notwithftanding  the  ravages 
of  earthquakes  in  its  neiehbourhood* 
has  never,  till  within  the%  15  or  to 
years,  had  a  iingle  flaw.    Theduftof 
Columbus  reded  within  this  pile  until 
the  year  1796,  when  it  was  removed. 
Here  are  3  convents  for  men  {    which 
have  increafed  in  importance  fince  17821 
a  nunneries,  3  hofpitals,  a  college,  and 
a  gaoh    The  convent  of  the  Cordeliers 
was  built  by  Ovando  in  1503,  on  a  lit- 
tle hill  containing  a  mine  of  mercury. 
AH  the  3  parochial  churches  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, are  beautiful,  rich  in  ornaments, 
in  vafes  of  gold  and  filver  fet  with  pre- 
cious ftonei,  in  plAures,  in  ftatues  of 
marble  and  of  metal }  but  the  cathedral 
furpalTes  the  others  in  every  refpeft. 
The  population  of  the  city  of  St.  Do- 
mingo is  not  very  confiderable ;  yet  it  is 
extraordinarily  augmented  fince  the  year 
1 780.  The  cenfus  lately  taken,  amount- 
ed to  io,».oo,  of  ever*  age  and  fex.  But 
this  is  far  below  the  exaft  number. 
The  cenfus  is  taken  by   the  Spanifli 
priefts  or  vicars,  and  who  go  from  hou/e 
to  houfe  to  verify  thofe  who  do  not  per- 
form their  pafchal  duties.     This   lift 
Joes  not  comprehend  children  under  7 
years  of  age,  nor  heads  of  families  ab- 
fent  from  their  home  or  from  the  city. 
But  the  principal  caufe  of  the  inexa^. 
nefs,  is,  one  h^f  of  the  parochial  terri- 
tory of  the  city  is  OQ  the  outfids  of  the 
walls. 
Ka  This 


148  DOM 

Th!*  Cc»ritary  comprehend)*  the  ptrt 
caUccTthc  Plainit  a  great  i>art  of  the 
'Monte^e-Platr,  and  agaio  a*  well  to  the 
E, «« to  the  W.  of  the^dty,  a  very  con- 
ikJerabk  mimher  of  country  feata  and 
provifioo  habitatiaii»,  where  there  are  a 
gjcz*t  many  famiKet  of  'lacks,  of  people 
of  colour,  aiid  white  cultivators  i  lb  that 
there  ar*  always  5  or  6000  not  included 
in  the  cenfus. 

Notwlthftandlng  the  declining  Ktu- 
ation  of  the  Spanifli  territory  of  the  ill> 
wad,  it  is  {ur  moiv  proPperous  than  it 
was  60  years  ago.  A  cenfus  even  of 
1737  (hows,  that  the  total  population 
at  that  time  did  not  furpais  6000  Ibuls, 
and  the  capital  contained  hardly  500. 

The  Spanifl)  capital  is  70  leagurf.  E. 
by  S.  of  Pert  au  Prince,  the  rcsd  runs 
half  the  way  along  the  Tea  ccaft,  through 
Bany,  Axua,  and  Neybe,  and  thence  by 
the  lakes  Henriquell:  wcA  BrackiOi- 
pand.  In  this  route  you  have  to  crofs 
two  large  rivers,  Nifai  ^d  Neybe,  be- 
Jides  II  fmallerftreams.  Itl^  90  leagues 
S.  £.  of  Cape  Francois,  going  by  the 
road  tlm>ugh  St.  Raphael,  Azua,  Sec. ; 
and  about  100  leagues  by  that  of  Daha- 
bon,  St.  Yague,  and  La  Vega.  N.  lat. 
li.  19.  30.  W. long. from  Paris  77.37. 
See  DvmngCt  St.  the  preceding  ai"  icie. 

Dominica,  tiie  laft  of  the  leeward 
Charaibee  or  Caribbce  iflands,  taking. 
them  from  N.  W.  to  S.  £. ;  but  the 
Spaniaivls  call  it  the  laii  of  the  wind- 
ward iflands.  It  is  lituated  about  half 
way  betwixt  Guadaloupe  on  the  N.  W. 
and  Martini<':o  on  the  S.  £°.  15  leagues 
from  each,  between  1 5.  «o.  and  1 5.  44. 
30  N.  lat.  and  between  61.  17.  and  61. 
%o.  W.  long,  being  d^\t  19  miles  in 
length  from  Crao-Point  b.  to  the  N.W. 
CSipeof  Aguflia  bay  on  the  N.;  and  nearly 
16  miles  broad  from  Raymond  bay  E. 
to  Coullhaut  on  the  W.  i  ai)d  contains 
>S6,4;»  >  acres  of  land,  and  is  uivided 
into  loPariflies,  viz.  St.  John,  St.  An- 
drew, St.  Peter,  St.  Jofeph,  St.  Paul, 
j>.  David,  St.  Georgr,  St.  Patrick, 
St.  Luke,  and  6t.  Martin.  Ttie  iflai.d 
contains  many  high  and  rugced  :noun- 
taiiis,  interfperfu)  with  fertue  vallieti; 
and  \i  wateied  by  upw.ii'ds  o^  30  rive?-:, 
befide  a  numbe.-  ot  rivulets.  Several 
of  the  mountains  contain  unextinguifhed 
volcanoes,  which  frequently  diicharge 
vdi  quantities  (>i  butning  fulphur. 
Here  are  fcvera)  hot  ^^tings,  eftecir.ed 
e/Scacioiuia  remo<ring  tropical  diforders . 


DOM 

Some  of  the  waters  are  faid  to  be  hot 
enough  to  coagulate  an  egg.  Here  arc 
vaft  fwarms  ot  bees,  whirn  produce  a 
great  quantity  of  wax  am.  honey  {  they 
hive  in  the  trees,  and  arc  thought  to  . 
have  been  tranl'ported  from  Europe  t 
the  native  bee  of  the  Weft  Indies  beine 
a  fmaller  fpecies,  unprovided  with 
ftings,  and  very  different  in  its  manners 
from  the  European .  The  forefts  afford 
an  inexhauilible  quantity  oi  rofe  wood. 
To  efteemed  by  cabinet'  makers.  1  he 
fruits  and  other  produAions  are  fimilar 
to  thofe  in  the  neighbouring  iflands  {but 
the  foil  being  generally  tnin,  is  more 
adapted  to  the  rearing  of  cotton  than 
fugar.  The  beft  eye-f^ones  that  are 
known,  are  found  00  the  fliores  of  this 
ifland.  They  have  their  name  from 
the  nk  which  is  made  of  them,  for 
clearing  the  eyes  of  anv  dirt.  They  are 
fhapcd  like  a  lentil,  (mooth  and  (leek, 
hut  much  fmaller,  and  of  a  grey  colour. 
The  value  of  exports,  acconling  to  the 
current  London  prices  in  1789,  amount, 
ed  to  301,987!.  iss.  fter.  including  ex- 
ports to  the  American  ftates,  value 
7,1641.  5s.  The  cargoes  in  i6x  vef- 
fds,  confifted  of  71,302  cwt.  s  qr.  »i 
lbs.  of  fugar— -63,39*  S^ll*  of  rum— 
x6,8o3gail.molafre8— i,i94cwt.  sqrs. 
xlbs.  cacac'— '18,149  cwt.  3  qrs.  6  lbs. 
coffee— 1 1,150  lbs.  indigo— 970,816  lbs 
cotton — 161  cwt.  ginger,  befides  hides, 
dying  wcMds,  &c.  The  number  of  in- 
habitants, in  the  fame  year,  appears  to 
have  been  1*36  whites— 445  free  ne- 
groes,&c.  and  14,967  flaves.  There  are 
alfo  about  30  families  of  Chaiaibes,  the 
remains  of  the  ancient  natives.  The 
only  towi>s  hereof  any  t)ote  arc  Charlotte 
town,  the  capital  and  the  feat  of  go- 
vernment, formerly  called  Rofll-au,  on 
the  S.  W.  fide  of  the  ifland,  a.id  Poiif- 
mouth,  lltutated  at  tile  head  of  Prince 
Rupert's  bay. 

Doir.inica,  from  its  local  fituation, 
between  Martinico  and  GuaHaloiipe,  is 
tile  heft  calculated  of  all  the  Britifh  pof- 
ItlTions  in  *!)at  part  of  the  world,  for  fe- 
curingto  her  the  dominion  of  the  Cha- 
raibean  Tea.  A  few  ftiips  of  war  in 
Prince  Rupert's  bay  would  effe^ually 
ftop  all  intcixoiirfe  or  the  French  fettle- 
ments  with  each  other,  as  not  a  vcflel 
ca>i  parsbiitis  liable  to  capture,  byfltips 
cruiling  off  that  bay,andti>  windward  of 
the  illand.  It  is  a  feparate  government 
and  a  free  port.     The  anchorage  is 

good 


D  OR 

Mod  all  round  the  coitft  of  Dombiica  j 
but  ithM  no  port  or  bry  for  retiring 
into)  hut  the  vefleU  have  the  advantage 
of  Aieltcr  behtntl  many  of  vte  eapei. 

It  waa  difcovered  by  Chiriftopher  Co> 
lumbus,  Nov.  3,  1493 ;  and  had  itn 
nrnte  fram  being  difcovered  on  a  Sunday. 
It  wai  taken  by  the  French  in  the  late 
wari  and  rsftorcd  to  Britain  at  the  peace 
^f  1783. 

DpMiNiCA,  La,  one  of  the  Marquefa 
iAands,  called  by  the  natives  Heevarea, 
U  the  largeft  of  them  all,  txtencUng  £. 
iiiid  W.  6  leagues ;  is  about  16  leagues 
in  circuity  full  of  rugged  hills,  and  of 
a  ban-en  afpefi ;  but  is  inhabited.  S.  lat. 
5.  44.  The  long,  of  the  W.  end  from 
Qrrenwich  is  139.  13.W. 

JDoN  Christopher's  Ctve,  lies  on 
the  N.  fide  of  the  iHand  of  Jamaica, 
having  St.  Anne*s  bay  on  the  W.  and 
Mammee  bay  on  the  S.  £.  It  is  re- 
mRrkable  for  having  given  (helter  to  the 
difcoverer  of  America,  during  a  ftorm, 
in  1503,  and  for  being  t'te  fcite  of  the 
eld  town  of  Sevilla  de  Nueva. 

DoNDON,  an  interior  fettlement  in 
the  French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, 3  leagues  N.W.  of  St.  Raphael 
in  the  .^paniin  part,  and  1 3  leagues  £. 
by  N.  of  Les  Goiiaives. 

Donegal.  There  au  .ownfliips 
in  Pennfylvania  of  this  name }  the  one 
in  Lancafterco.  the  other  in  that  of 
Weftmoreiand,  and  the  thiixi  in  Wafli- 
sngton  CO. 

DooBOUNT  Lake,  newly  difcovered, 
about  60  or  70  miles  long,  and  so  or  30 
broad}  lies  fouth-eaft  of  the  head  of 
Chefterlieki  inlet,  in  New  South  Wales. 

Dorchester,  a  townRiip  in  Graf- 
ton CO*  New  Hanipfhiie,  incorpoi-ati*d 
in  1761.  In  1790  it  contained  175  in- 
habitants. It  lies  N.  E.  of  Dartmouth 
College  about  17  miles. 

Dorchester,  an  ancient  and  thriv- 
ing townfliip  in  Norfolk  co.  MafTaclui. 
fetts,  fettled  as  early  as  1 630.  A  num- 
ber of  towns  have  been  taken  off  from 
it  fince  its  firft  fettlement.  It  is  fxuated 
t  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bofton,  and  is  now 
about  6  miles  long  and  jI  broad.  The 
chief  manufaftures  here  are  paper,  cho- 
colate, fnuff,  leather,  ai)d  (hoes  of  vari- 
ous forts.  It  has  a  hand.'b;  le  church, 
St 56  houfes, and  171a inhabitants.  The 
N.  E.  point  of  the  peninfula,  called 
Dorchefter  neck»  approaches  wUhin  half 
r  mile  of  CaAle  Idand,  and  its  N.  W. 


T>OU  149 

Eint  within  half  a  mile  tftht  8.  p«rt  of 
ifton.  Forts  were  cmftcd  on  the 
heights  in  the  late  war }  and  thia  town 
andita  vicinity  fnfivred  much  during  the 
early  part  of  the  war. 

Dorchester,  in  Coroberfaukl  co. 
New-Jerfey,  lies  un  the  E.  fide  of  Moro 
ri:  R.  about  5  miles  from  its  mouth  in 
the  bay,  and  17  eaftwardof  Faitficld. 

Dorchester  C*.  in  Maryland,  Ilea 
on  the  £.  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay  |  oa 
the  S.  ikieot  Choptank  K.  which  fitpa- 
ratcs  it  from  Talbot  co.  It  has  fevcral 
ifland  s  on  its  coaft }  the  chief  of  th«fe» 
from  the  mouth  of  Hudlbn  river,  are, 
James,  Taylor's,  Barren,  Hooper's,  and 
Goldiborough's,  which  laft  lies  between 
Hunpary  river  and  Fifhing  bay.  The 
lengtn  of  the  county  from  E.  to  W.  ta 
about  33  miles,  and  its  breadth  irom 
N.  to  S.  27  miles.  The  number  of  Ita 
inhabitants  15,875,  of  whom  5337  are 
(laves .  The  lands  in  the  northern  parte 
are  fomewhat  elevatcdy  but  in  tbefouth- 
ern  parts  low  and  mttOiy,  particularly 
along  Filhing  bay,  and  up  ita  waters, 
Tranfquaking,  Blackwater,  and  Pea« 
rim  creek,  and  along  Kungary  R.  an 
arm  of  the  Chefspesk.  The  produce  ia 
chiefly  wheat,  corn,  and  lumlier.  Its 
chief  town  is  Cambrid/j^. 

Dorchestrr.,  a  fmalt  town  of 
Charlcftown  diilriA,  S.  Carolina,  feat- 
ed  on  the  N.  £.  bank  of  A(hky  R.  iS 
miles  W.  N.  W.  of  Charieftown  city.— 
This  place  was  fettled  and  named  aa 
early  aa  1700,  bv  a  iolony  from  Dor« 
cheiterand  itsvicmity  ir^  MaflTachufcttst 
and  a  part  of  its  inhabitants,  about  the 
year  1750,  left  it  and  fettled  Midway* 
m  Georgia. 

DoRLACH,  a  town(hip  in  Otfego  co. 
New  York.  By  the  ftate  cenraa  of 
1 79^1  433  of  its  inhabitants  are  elejlors. 

Dorset,  a  townfltip  in  Bennington 
CO.  Vermont,  having  Rupert  W.  Man- 
chr.fter  S.  and  Danby  N. ;  and  containa 
958  inhabitants,  27  miles  N.  by  £.  of 
Bennington. 

Douglass,  a  townfliip,  theibuth* 
ernmoft  in  Worceller  co.  Maffiichtifetta* 
having  the  ftate  of  Rhode-IAand  on  the 
S.  and  that  :f  Conneftieut  on  the  S.  W. 
and  through  it  pafles  the  middle  road 
from  Boftcn  to  New- York.  It  is  a  very 
rocky  townfliip,  and  contains  1080  in- 
bibitants.  It  lies  16  miles  S.  of  W«r> 
cefter,  and  47  S.  W.  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  anno  i74<i|  and  received 

K  3  ita 


i|o  DOV 

kt  fume  Ib  twMurof  WUiiam  DojiifflaA, 
M.  D.  of  liofton,  a  iMtife  of  Scotbuid, 
«m1  »  Mofidtrablebenefkdar  to  the  towr . 

DouoLAiSi  a  townfliip  in  Montgo- 
nury  co.  Pennfylvania. 

DovoLASS,  a  cape  on  the  N.  W> 
coaft  of  N.  America,  which  form*  the 
W.  fide  of  the  c'ntraoce  into  Cook's  R. 
oppofite  Point  Bede,  which  forms  the 
E.  fide.  It  haa  a  very  lofty  promontory* 
whole  elevated  fummit  appears  above 
the  cbod«»  forming  two  exceeding  high 
nountaint.  Lat.  58.  56.  N.  long.  ao6. 
10-.  Id, 

DoyrrU  FaUtt  in  York  co.  Maine,  a 
place  where  a  poft  office  is  kept}  7  miles 
nom  Berwick,  and  8  from  Sandfotd. 

DovBR,  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk  co. 
Maffitchufctts,  incorporated  anno  i6jo. 
It  contains  485  inhabitants,  and  lies  15 
miles  fouthward  of  Bofton. 

DoYBR,  a  confiderable  townfliip  in 
Strafford  cb.  Mew-Hampfllitv,  and  the 
fhire  town  of  the  county ;  fituated  on 
the  fbuthem  fide  of  Cochecho  R.  about 
4  miles  above  its  jun^lion  with  Salmon 
Fall  R.  which  together  form  the  Pifcat- 
aqua}  10  miles  S.  by  £.  ofRocheflcr, 
d  finom  Beiwick,  in  Maine,  anu  14  N. 
W.  by  N.  from  Portfmouth.  The  In- 
dians named  it  Winichahanat,  and  Co- 
checho (  by  thefirllfettlersj  it  was  call- 
ed Northam.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1633,  and  contains  1998  inhabitants. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  court-nouft  and  gad.  At 
Dover  is  a  high  neck  of  land,  between 
the  mainbranchof  Pifcataqua  and  Back 
R.  about  two  miles  long,  and  half  a 
mile  wide,  rifing  gently  along  a  fine 
road,  and  declining  on  each  fide,  like  a 
ibip*d  deck.  It  commands  an  extenfive 
and  variegated  profpe6):  of  the  rivers, 
bays,  adjacent  fliores,  anddiftant  moun- 
tains, it  has  often  been  admired  by  tra- 
vellers as  an  elegant  finiatlon  for  a  city, 
and  by  military  gentlemen  for  a  fortrefs. 
The  M  fettlers  pitched  here,  but  the 
trade  has  long  fince  been  removed  to 
Cocheco  falls ;  and  this  beautiful  fpot 
is  almdft  defcrted  of  inhabitants.  N. 
lat.  43.  II.  W.  long.  70.  50. 

DovBR,  a  townfhip  in  Morimouth 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  between  ShrewfBuiy 
and  New-fitafford,  and  extends  from 
the  Tea  to  the  county  line.  Although 
a  large  tuwnfhijp,  it  contains  only  910 
inhabitants,  who  live  moftly  upon  the 
fea.ftion.     There  ts  but  one  church; 


CR  A 

the  pfrooertv  of  it  generous  aiid  beaefi»i 
lettinckvidual}  who  gives  liberty  ti. 
miniflera  of  all  denominatioiM  to  pmc)^ 
in  it  whenever  they  pleafeii 

Dover,  the  metiopolis  of  Delaware 
flate,  in  Kent  do.  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of 
Jones  creek,  about  4i  miles  N.  W. 
from  its  mouth,  in  the  Delaware;  1% 
miles  from  Duek  creek,  48  from  WiU 
mington,  and  76  $.  S.  W.  of  Pbiladel' 

Ehia.  It  contains  about  100  houfes, 
uiltprineipally  of  brick.  Xhere  are 
4  ftreets,  which  interfeA  each  other 
at  right  angles,  in  the  centre  of  the 
town.  The  area  included  within  thefe. 
interfef^ions  extends  into  a  fpacious 
parade;  on  the  E.  fide  of  which  is  an 
elegant  ftate-houle.  The  town  has  a 
lively  appearance,  and  drives  on  a  con- 
fiderable trade  with  Philadelphia,  chiefs 
ly  in  flour.    N.  lat.  39.  10.  W.  long. 

75'  34- 

DovBR,  a  town  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fyl  ania,  on  Fox  Run,  which  falls  into 
Conewago  creek,  near  its  mouth,  in  tho 
Sufquehannah.  It  contains  a  Germat^ 
Lutheran  and  Calvinifl  church,  united  j 
»nd  about  40  houfes. 

Down E,  or  DowHt,  a  townfhip  in 
Cumberland  co.  New-Jerfey. 

Downs,  a  townfliip  of  New-Jerfey, 
in  Cumberland  county. 

DowNiMQS,  a  poft  town  of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  in  Chefler  co.  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Brandywine  creek;  33  miles  W.,  by  N. 
of  Philadelphia,  and  near  7  N.  W.  of 
Weflchefter. 

DoYr.STOWN,  a  village  in  Bucks  co. 
Pennfylvania,  10  miles  S.  W.  of  Hovv^ 
ell's  ferry,  on  Delaware  R.  15  N.  W. 
of  Newton,  and  33  W.  by  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Dracut,  9  townfliip  in  the  north- 
ernmoft  part  of  Middlefex  co.  on  tlie 
nom  bank  of  Merrimack  R.  oppofite 
Patucket  Falls.  It  contains  1217  inha- 
bitants, and  lies  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Boflon,  and  18.  S.  W.  of  Exeter,  in 
New-Hampfliire. 

Drake,  a  harbour  in  California,  fo 
called  after  the  celebrated  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  who  difcovered  and  took  poflef- 
fion  of  the  peninfula  of  California,  for 
his  miftrefs.  Queen  Elizabeth.  N.  lat. 
a8.  IS' W.  long.  III.  39. 

Drake,  Sia  Francis,  or  Draki't 
Baff  a  bafon  in  the  middle  of  the  Vir* 
gin  ifles,  in  the  Weft  Indies,  3  or  4 
leagues  broad,  and  6  or  7  long,   the 

finelt 


D  UX: 

fineft  diltcanbe  inagincd )  and  in  Whicli 
Aipt  my  anchor^  laitdiockcd,  and  flwU 
tered  from  all  winds. 

DkbodbN)  atojmfliip  in  Lincoln  co. 
diftrifl  of  Maine,  Tituat«d  9  miles  from 
Wii  Jet  Point,  15  from  Fort  Wefton, 
at  HallowcU,  and  ilo  N.  by  E.of  Bof- 
ton.     Swan  ifland  is  in  this  townfliip. 

Drin son's  Lick.  See  JffferpCi  eo. 

Dromore,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter 
co.  Pcnnfylvania. 

Drowned  Lands.  Sot  Orange  co, 
NewrYork. 

Drvmmond,  or  Accomac  conrt- 
houfe,  in  Virginia,  is  on  the  poft  rond 
from  Philadelphia  to  Norfolk,  so  miles 
from  Belhavtn,  atid  194  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

Dryder,  a  militaiy  townfhip  in  the 
ftate  of  New-York,  having  Ulyfles  W. 
and  Vireil  on  the  £.  {  and  on  the  S .  the 
town  of  Owego,  in  Tioga  co,  The 
centre  of  the  town  lies  %  ntiies  E.  of -the 
6.  end  of  Cayuga  Lake, 

Dry  Tortuga».    See  Tmugm^ 

Dvanbsbvrgh,  a  townfliip  in  Al- 
bany CO.  New- York,  containing  1470 
inhabitants ;  of  whom  s6o  are  e^ors, 
and  5  flaves, 

DvBMN,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliireco. 
^ew-Hampfliire,  on  a  branch  of  Afliu- 
elot  R.  andN.  of  theGreat Monadnock, 
containing  901  inhabitants.  It  is  a  8 
miles  S.  E.  of  Charleftown,  and  8a  W. 
of  Portfmouth.  Incorporated  in  the 
year  1 771. 

Dublin,  a  pleafant  town  in  Phila- 
delphia CO.  Pennfylvania,  10  miles  N. 
E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  as  far  S.  W.  of 
Bri(k>I.  Alfo,  a  townfhip  in  Hunting- 
don CO.  in  Pennfylvania. 

DvcK,  a  river  in  Tenneflee,  which 
rifes  on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  the  Cumber- 
land mountain.  It  runs  a  N.  W.  courle, 
and  empties  into  the  TennefTee  in  N. 
lat.  36.  W.  It  is  aoo  yards  wide  5 
miles  from  its  mouth,  which  is  57  miles 
welVerly  of  Nafliville  }  and  is  boatahle 
90  miles. 

Duck-Creek- Cross -Roads,  or 
Sali/burj/f  a  coniiderable  thriving  and  polt 
town  in  the  ftate  of  Delaware,  fituated 
on  Duck  Creek,  which  in  part  divides 
Kent  and  Newcaftle  counties.  It  con- 
tains about  90  houfes  in  one  ftreet,  and 
carries  on  a  confiderable  trade  with  Phi- 
ladelphia, and  is  one  of  the  largeft  wheat 
markets  in  the  ttate.  It  lies  la  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Dover,  and  j^  from  WU- 
mington. 


DUN 


ijt 


DvcKTitAP,  a  t^llag*  In  the  diftrift 
of  Maine,  vvheit  a  poft  office  to  ktpc  fai 
Hancock  co. )  eontainlnr  «7l  habit- 
ants {  1 1  miles  from  Belnft  and  3s  fraiki 
Penobfeet. 

Dudley,  a  townfliip  in  Wotxcfter 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  eontainii^  1114  in- 
habitants. It  is  1 8  ifiiies  foQthword  «f 
Worccfter,  and  55  miles  S.  W.  of  BoC- 
ton.  *, 

Dt^kb's  Co.  in  Maflkchufttts,  com- 
prebends  Martha's  Vineyard  I.  Cha- 
baquiddick  T.  Norman'a  I.  and  the 
Elizabeth  iflandsj  fituated  on  tit«  8. 
E.  coaft  of  the  ftate.  The  number 
of  inhabitants  is  3365.  They  ftnd 
3  repi-efentatives,  and,  in  coiljunAion 
with  Nantucket  I.  one  fenator  to 
the  General  Court.  Thefb  iflands  are 
defcribed  feparately.  Chief  town,  Ed- 
garton. 

Dumfries,  a  poftofentnr  and  pdft 
town  in  Virginia,  and  chief  town  bf 
Prince  William  co.  It  lies  on  the  N. 
fide  of  Quantico  creek,,  4  tn'iles  above 
its  ertrance  into  the  Potowmack,  and 
to  miles  from  Colchefter.  Its  public 
edifices  are  an  Epifcopal  church,  a 
court- houfe  and  gaol.  The  e](porta 
from  this  port  for  one  year  ending  the 
'30th  of  Sept.  1794,  amounted  in  valne 
to  85,635  dollars.  It  lies  a8  miles  N. 
by  E.  ot  Frederickfliurg,  and  185  S. 
W.  of  Philadelphia. 

DuMMER  Fort,  is  fituated  onCtm- 
ne^icut  K.  in  the  town  of  Chcfter^ld, 
New-Hampfliire. 

DuMMEK,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
New-Hampfliire,  incorporated  1773.  It 
is  to  the  S.  W.  of  lake  Umbagog,  on 
the  waters  of  Upper  Amonoofuck  and 
of  AndrolcOggin  rivers. 

DuMMBRdTON  a  townfliip  in  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  N.  of  Brattleborough, 
containing  1501  inhabitans. 

DuNBARTON,  atownfliip  in  HillAo- 
rough  CO.  Ne«/-Hanipfliire,  incorporat- 
ed in  1765,  and  containing  917  inhabit- 
ants ;  9  miles  S.  of  Concord,  and  53 
W.  of  Portfmouth. 

DUNCANSBOROUOH,  a  townfliip  of 
Vermont,  on  th^  W.  fide  of  lake  Mem- 
phremagog. 

DuNDERnERO,  in  Englifli,  Tbrntdfr 
billi  is  fituated  on  the  W.  fide  of  Hud- 
ibn  Hf  ^t  t^e  S.  E.  entrance  of  the  high- 
lands, oppofite  Peek's  I^ill }  and  it  ne- 
markahK  for  its  echoes, 

DvncardV  Btttm,  a  tswSi  of  fine 
1^4-  laodi 


lit  D  U  R 

lands  on  th«  E.  fide  of  Cheat  R.  inVir. 
giaitf  about  %%  mile*  fipom  its  mouth, 
tod  49  W.  S.  W.  from  FoR  Cumber* 
land. 

DuNKARD^s  Ttwn.    See.  Ephi'ata, 

SvMLOFEr  a  fortoii  the  W.  bank  of 
Little  MiamaR.  about  i  a  miles  above 
Columbia,  in  the  N,  W.  territory. 

OuNSTABLB,  a  towQfhip  in  Hillftw- 
rough  CO.  New-Hamp(hire,  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Merrimapk  R.  below  the  town 
of  Merrimack,  and  feparated  by  the 
Hate  line,  from  Pepperel  and  Dunftable 
in  Middlefex  co.  Maflachufetti.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1746,  contains  631  in- 
habitants, and  lies  about  40  miks  N. 
W.ofBf^on. 

'.  Dunstable,  atownfliipof  Mafla- 
(chufetts,  in  the  northern  pait  of  Mid- 
^lefen  CO.  and  on  the  foutitem  bank  of 
Merrimack  R.  It  contains  380  inha- 
bitants, and  li«s  37  miles  N.  wefterly  of 
£ofton. 

Dupage,  a  circular  lake  on  the  S.E. 
^rle  of  PIsin  river,  or  rather  an  enlarge- 
ment of  tlie  channel  of  that  river,  5 
fniles  from  its  mouth.  Plein  and  The* 
akiki  there  form  the  Illinois. 

Duplin  Co.  in  Wilmington  diftri^l, 
North-Carolina,  is  bounded  £.  by  On- 
flow, and  S.  W.  by  Sampfon.  The 
number  pf  inhabitants  is  566X  of 
yrfiom  1313  are  flaves.  The  chief  town 
is  Sare£lo,  on  the  N.  E.  branch  of  Cape 
Fear. 

Du  QuESNB,  Fort.   SttPUtJburg. 

DuRANuo,  a  Own  in  the  province 
of  Zacatrcas,  aitd  audience  of  Guada- 
laxara,  in  New  Spain,  1  o  leagues  from 
Nombre  de  Dips,  and  is  a  biihop's  fee, 
at  rhe  confluence  of  feveral  rivers  which 
render  it  convenient  for  trade. 

DVRHAM,  a  townfliip  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  diftrifl  of  Maine,  on  the  S. 
W.  bank  of  Androfcoggin  R.  which 
feparates  it  from  BowU^in  on  die  N.  E. 
Ii  was  incorporated  in  1789,  contains 
7a4.  inhabitants,  and  lies  145  miles  N. 
cafterly  of  JBfofton.     N.  )at.  43.  55. 

Durham,  a  poft  town  in-Strafibrd 
CO.  New-Hampmire,  on  Oyfter  river, 
iieat  where  it  joins  the  Pifcataqua;  16 
miles  W.  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incor- 
noratcd  ii)  163  ,  jindi^^ntains  1247  in- 
j) 'bitants.  It  was  formerly  a  part  of 
Dover,  which  adjoins  it  on  the  N.  and 
yvas  call^  Oyflier  river.  On  the  top 
.of  a  hill  va  this  town  is  a  rock,  com- 
peted to  w^^H  60  «r  70  tonij  £»  cxaft- 


,  D  U  T 

ly  poifed  on  another  rock  at  fo  be  eafilf 
moved  by  one's  finger.  Its  fituatiou 
appears  to  be  natural. 

Durham,  a  townfliip  in  New-Ha. 
venco.  Connecticut,  fettled  from  Guild- 
ford in  1698,  and  incorporated  in  1708. 
It  is  about  ai  miles  S,  W,  of  Hartford, 
and  18  miles  N.  E.  of  New.Haven.  It 
was  called  Ci^ngcba^  by  the  In> 
dians )  which  name  a  fmall  river  that 
chiefly  rifes  here,  ftill  bears. 

Durham,  a  townfliip  in  Bucks  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

DuROT,  a  bay  on  tU  N.  fide  of  the 
S.  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  DominT 

go- 

Dutchess  Co.  in  New- York,  is  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Hudfon  R.  It  has  th« 
ftate  of  ConneAicut  on  the  E.  Weft- 
Chefter  on  the  S.  and  Columbia  co.  oa 
the  N.  It  is  about  48  miles  long  and 
23  broad,  and  contains  15  townfliips, 
of  which  Poughkeepfie  and  FifliKill 
are  the  chief.  It  contains  45,166  inr 
habitants;  of  thefe  6013  are  qualified 
to  be  electors,  and  1856  are  flaves. 
Dutchefs  CO.  fends  7  reprefentatives  to 
the  aflfembly  of  the  ftate.  In  the  year 
1791,  a  remarkable  cavern  was  difco- 
vered  in  this  county,  at  a  place  called 
by  the  Indians  Sepafcot,  at  Rhynbeck. 
A  lad,  by  chance,  paflTmg  near  its  en- 
trance, which  lies  between  two  huge 
rocks,  on  the  declivity  of  a  fteep  hill,  on 
prying  into  the  eloomy  recefs,  faw  the 
top  of  a  ladder,  by  which  he  defcended 
about  10  ficM,  and  found  himfelf  in  a 
fubterraneous  apartment,  mere  capaci- 
ous  than  he  chofe  to  inveftig;*te.  He 
found,  however,  that  it  had  bsfn  the 
abode  of  perfons,  who  probably  ouring 
the  war,  had  taken  flteherhere,  at  bits 
of  cloth  and  pieces  of  leather  were  rc«l> 
tered  about  its  floor.  It  (ince  appears 
to  be  divided  by  a  narrow  paflage  into 
two  apartments  {  the  firft  being  about 
1 7  feet  in  length,  and  fo  low  that  a  child 
of  eight  ye<jr8  old  could  but  jufl  walk 
upright  in  it  j  the  breadth  is  about  8 
or  10  feet.  The  fecond  between  \t 
and  14  feet  in  length,  but  much  higher 
and  broader  than  the  firft.  Like  many 
other  caverns  in  the  United  States,  ii 
poflejires  a  petrifying  quality  \  and  the 
water,  which  is  conftantly  percolating 
through  the  roofs  of  its  apartntents,  ha« 
formra  a  variety  of  tranlparent  and 
beautif\il  ftalaClites.  They  have  the 
appearance  of  icifiles,  and  m^y  he  broken 

oft' 


DUT 

off  by  the  hand,  if  not  more  thta  two  | 
inches  in  circumference. 

But  what  is  moit  to  be  admired  is 
the  flcelelon  of  a  large  fnake,  turned  in- 
to folid  ftone  bj;  the  petrifying  quality 
of  the  water  before  mentioned.  It  was 
with  fome  <liflicuUy  torn  up  with  an 
axe  from  the  rock  it  lay  upon»  and  is 
now  in  the  poirtrfllon  oi  the  eentleman 
who  explor^  the  cavern.  A  want  of 
free  air  was  experienced  in  the  inmoft 
receffes  of  the  cavern,  by  a  dilHcult 
refpiration,  though  the  candles  burnt 
very  clear.  The  air  alfo  was  ver^  warm. 
Dutch  America.  The  only  pof- 
fefllon  which  the  Seven  United  Provin- 
ces, now  called  the  Batavian  Republic, 
retain  on  the  continent  of  America,  is 
the  province  called  Dutch  Guiana.  A 
part  of  thefe  pofleflions  have  been  lately 
taken  by  the  Englifh.  The  idands  in 
the  Weft-Indies  belonging  to  the  repub  - 
lie  are  St.  Euftatius  and  Curaflbu.  The 
fmall  illand  of  Saba,  near  St.  Euftatius, 
iind  the  iflands  Bonaire  and  Aruba; 
which  are  appendages  to  Curaflbu,  and 
chtefly  improved  in  railing  cattle  and 
provifions  tor  that  ifland. 

Dutch  Guiana,  in  South-America, 
is  bounded  N.  by  the  Atlanticocean ;  £. 
by  Cayenne ;  S.  by  an  unexplored  coun- 
try called  Amazonia  {  W.  by  Oronoko, 
a  Spanilh  fettlement.     It  lies  between 
5.  and  7.  N.  lat.  extending  along  the 
coaft  from  the  mouth  of  Oronoko  R. 
to  the  river  Marowyne.    Thefe  fettie- 
ments  were  efteemed  by  admiral  Rod- 
ney, who  captured  them  in  17^0,  as  an 
acquifition  of  more  value  to  the  Britifli 
empire,  than  all  their  Weft- India  iflands. 
It  is  divided  into  3  diftin£l  governments, 
viz.  Surrinaro,  Berbifch,  Eflequebo,  and 
Deraerara.    The  two  laft  ai-e  two  dif- 
trt£ls,   forming  one  government.    A 
number  of  fine  rivers  pafs  through  this 
province ;  the  chief  of  which  are  Eile- 
quebo,  Swi'rinam,  Demerars,  Berbifch, 
and  Canya.     Efliequebo   is    at  miles 
wide  at  its  mouth,  and  is  more  than 
300  miles  in  length.     The  others  are 
navigable,  and  are  defcribed  under  their 
different  names.    The  chief  towns  are 
Paramabiro  and  Staebroeck. 

In  the  months  of  September,  Octo- 
ber, and  November,  tho  climate  h  un- 
healthy, particularly  to  ftrangers.  The 
common  difeafes  are  p'ltrid  and  other 
fevers,  the  dry  belly-acl-e,  and  the  drop- 
sy.   100  miles  back  frb.ii  the  fen,  you 


DUT  Iff 

come  to  quite  a  ^iffintnik  (oil,  «  h^ 
country,  a  pure,  <dry,  wholefomc  a*r« 
where  a  fire  fbmetimes  would  not  Iw 
difagreeable.  Along  the  fea  coaft,  the 
water  is  brackifit  and  unwholdboKi** 
the  air  damp  and  fultiy.  Thcther* 
mometer  ranges  from  75.  to  90*  thro* 
the  year.  A  north're&R  breeze  never 
fails  to  blow  from  about  9  o*ck)ck  in 
the  morning  through  the  day,  in  the 
hotteft  knibnt.  As  the  days  aiid  nichte^ 
throughout  the  year,  are  very  nearly  of 
equal  length,  the  air  can  never  be* 
come  extremely  heated,  nor  the  inha^ 
bitants  fo  greatly  incommoded  by  tht 
heat,  as  thofe  who  live  at  a  |^at«r 
diftance  from  the  equator.  Thefeafeae 
were  formerly  divided  regularly  j««tft 
rainy  and  dry;  but  of  late  years. io 
much  dependence  cannot  be  placed  up» 
on  them,  owing  probably  to  the  coin^ 
try's  being  more  cleared,  by  whicli 
means  a  iree  pafFage  is  opened  for  thi 
air  and  vapours.  The  water  of  tht 
lower  parts  of  the  rivers  is  brackifl% 
and  unfit  for  uie{  and  the  inhabitants 
are  obliged  to  make  ufe  of  rain  water* 
which  is  here  uncommonly  fweet  ai^ 
good. 

About  70  miles  from  the  fea  tm  the 
river  Surrinam,  is  a  village  of  about  40 
or  50  houfes,  inhabited  by  Jews.  Thta 
village  and  the  towns  above  mentioned^ 
with  the  intervening  plantations,  con* 
tain  all  the  inhabitants  of  this  colony, 
which  amount  to  s,ioe  whites,  and 
43,000  Haves.  The  buildings  on  the 
plantations  are  many  of  thent  coftly, 
convenient  and  airy.  The  country 
around  is  thinly  inhabited  with  the  na- 
tive IndiaiUy  a'  harmlefs  friendly  fct  of 
beings.  They  are,  in  general,  fhort  of 
ttature,  but  remarkably  well  ihade,  of 
a  light  copper  colour,  ftraight  black 
hair,  without  beards,  high  cheek  bones, 
and  htonn}  fhoulders.  In  their  ears, 
nofes  and  i:air,  the  women  wear  orna- 
nients  of  fiher,  &c.  Both  men  and 
women  go  linked.  One  nation  or  tribe 
of  them  tie  the  lower  part  of  the  leg  of 
the  female  children,  when  young,  with 
a  cord  hound  very  tight  for  the  breadth 
of  6  inches  about  the  ancle,  which  cord 
is  never  afterwards  taken  off  but  to  put 
on  f.  new  one}  by  which  means  the 
flefli,  which  ihould  otherwife  grow  on 
that  part  of  the  leg,  increafes  the  calf 
to  a  great  fize,  and  leaves  the  bone  be- 
low t.«v<cly  bare.    This,  though  it  muft 

rerdcr 


1^4  OUT 

mrier  them  vety  weak,  19  reckoned  a 
great  beauty  by  them.  The  language 
•f  the  Indiana  appears  to  be  very  (bit. 
Tbey  are  mortal  enemies  to  evety  kind 
«(F  labour }  but  nevrrthelefs,-  manufac- 
twne  a  few  articles,  fuch  as  very  fine 
cotton  hammocks,  earthen  water  pots, 
baflcets,  a  red  or  yellow  dye  called 
Roncau,  and  Tome  other  trifles,  ail  ot 
which  they  bring  to  town  and  exchange 
lor  fuch  articles  as  they  ftand  in  need 
fif.  They  paint  themfelves  red,  and 
iboic  are  curioufly  figured  with  b|ack. 
Their  food  coniills  chiefly  of  fifli  and 
frabs  and  caflava,  of  which  the/  plant 
great  quantities,  and  this  is  almott  the 
caly  produce  tl<ey  attend  to.  They 
cirniot  be  Taid  to  be  abfoli'^ely  wander* 
ing  tribes,  but  their  huts  being  mere- 
ly  a  few  erofs  (licks,  covered  with 
branchea,  Co  as  to  defend  them  from 
the  rain  and  fun,  thrv  frequecitly  quit 
their  habitations,  if  they  (ee  occafion, 
and  eftablifh  them  elf^where.  They 
do  not  <hun  the  whites,  and  have  been 
lenriceabk  agai;i(t  the  runaway  ne- 
groes. 

On  each  fide  of  the  rivers  and  creeks 
are  fituated  the  plantations,  containing 
fixim  500  to  1000  acres  each,  in  num- 
ber about  559  in  the  whole  colony,  pro> 
dvctng  atpi-efent  annually  about  16,000 
hbds.  of  lligap^  i«,ooo,ooolbs.  coffee, 
700,oooths.  cocoa,  850,ooolbs.  cotton : 
All  which  articles  (cotton  excepted) 
have  fallen  off  within  1 5  years,  at  leaft 
one  third,  owing  to  bad  management, 
both  here  and  in  Holland,  and  to  other 
vaufes.  Of  the  proprietors  of  tlKfe 
plantations,  not  ahoye  80  refide  here. 
In  the  woods  are  found  many  kind^  of 
good  and  durable  timber,  and  fome 
woods  for  omamei^tal  purpofes,  par- 
ticularly a  kind  of  njiahogany  called  co- 
1>ie.  The  foil  is  perhaps  as  rich  and  as 
uxuriant  as  any  in  the  world  {  it  is  ge- 
nerally a  rich,  fat,  clayey  earth,  lymg 
In  fome  placet  above  the  level  of  the 
rivers  at  high  water  (which  rifes  about 
t  feet)  and  in  mofl  placrs  below  it. 
Whenever  fi-om  a  continual  coiu-fe  of 
$ultivation  for  many  years,  a  piece  of 
land  becomes  impoverifhed  (tor  manure 
is  Mt  kiiowi;  here)  it  is  laid  under  wa- 
ter fiir  »  certam  number  «f  }'ears,  t>nd 
theivby  regains  its  firrtility,  and  in  the 
ine*n  time  a  new  piece  of  wood  land  is 
cleared.  This  country  haa  never  ex- 
pvc'mMtd  tM^  (KNAdful  ftowrgee  «f  the 


D  UT 

Wefl- Indies,  hurricanes  i  and  droogbta 
from  the  lownefs  of  the  land,  it  has  not 
to  fear;  nor  has  the  produce  ever  been 
deftroyed  by  infers  or  by  the  blall.  Ii^ 
fiiort,  this  colony,  by  proper  manage- 
ment, might  become  equal  to  Jamaica 
or  any  other.  Land  is  not  wanting } 
it  is  finely  interfetEled  by  noble  rivers, 
and  abundant  creeks )  the  foil  is  of  the 
beft  kind,  it  is  well  fituated,  and  the 
climate  is  not  very  unhealthy,  and  is 
growing  better,  and  will  continue  fo  to 
do  the  more  the  country  is  cleai'ed  of 
its  woods,  and  cultivated. 

The  rivers  abound  with  fifli,  fome  of 
which  are  good  ]  at  certain  feafons  of 
the  year  there  i»  plenty  of  turtle.  The 
woods  abouml  with  plenty  of  deer, 
hares,  and  rabbits,  a  kind  ef  buflaloe, 
and  two  fpecies  of  wild  hogs,  one  of 
which  (the  peccary)  is  remarkable  for 
having  fomething  like  its  navel  on  the 
back. 

Tlie  woods  are  infefted  with  feveral 
fpecies  of  tygers,  but  with  no  otlier 
ravenous  or  dnngerous  animals.  The 
rivers  are  rendei'ed  dangerous  by  alli- 
gators from  four  to  feven  feet  long,  and 
a  man  was  a  fhort  time  fince  crufhed 
between  the  jaws  of  a  fifh,  but  its  nam^ 
is  not  known.-  Scorpions  and  tarantu- 
las are  found  here  ot  a  large  fize  and 
great  venom,  and  other  inl'eas  without 
number,  fome  of  them  very  daneerouA 
and  trouble  fome.  The  torporific  eel 
alfo,  the  touch  of  which,  by  means  of 
the  bare  hand  or  any  condu£lor,  has 
the  efFeft  of  a  ftrong  cle6lrical  fhock. 
Serpents  atfo,  fome  ot  which  are  venom- 
ous, and  others,  as  has  been  alTerted  by 
many  credible  perfons,  are  from  25  to 
50  feet  long,  in  the  wot^ds  are  mon- 
keys, the  floth,  and  parrots  in  all  their 
varieties ;  alfo  fome  birds  of  beautiful 
plumage,  among  otiiers  the  flamingo, 
out  few  or  no  finging  birds. 

The  river  Surrinam  is  guarded  by  a 
fort  and  two  redoubts  at  the  entrance, 
and  a  fort  at  Paramaribo,  but  none  of 
them  of  any  ftrength,  fo  that  one  or 
two  frigates  would  be  fufRcient  to  make 
themfelves  mafters  of  the  whole  colony  | 
and  never  was  ther^  a  people  who  moi% 
ardently  wiflted  fof  a  change  of  go- 
vernment than  the  inhabitants  of  thift 
colony.  The  interior  government  con- 
lifbi  of  a  governor  and  a  fupivme 
and  inferior  council;  the  members  of 
the  latter  wt  Khx^  by  the  governor 

froni 


DXJT 

fh>m«  douMe  nominttion  of  tht  prin- 
fripal  inhabitanUf  and  thofiE  of  the  for- 
mer in  the  fame  manner.  By  thefc 
powers,  and  by  a  magiftrate  prefiding 
over  all  criminal  affiiirs,  juftice  is  e>re- 
<;uted  and  laws  are  enaAed  neceifary  for 
the  interior  government  of  the  colony ; 
thofe  of  a  more  general  and  public  na- 
ture are  ensued  by  the  directors,  and 
require  no  approbation  here  by  the 
court. 

The  colony  is  guarded  farther  by 
about  1600  regular  troops,  paid  by  the 
fiii«£lors.  Thefe  troops,  together  with 
a  corps  of  about  a  50  tree  negroes,  paid 
by  the  court  here,  and  another  Imall 
cotps  of  chafleurs,  and  fo  many  flaves 
as  the  court  thinks  fit  to  order  from  the 
planters  from  time  to  time,  are  difperf* 
ed  at  pofts  placed  at  proper  diftances 
on  a  cordon,  furrounaing  the  colony 
on  the  land  fide,  in  order,  as  hr  as  poi- 
fihle,  to  defend  the  diftant  plantations 
and  the  colony  in  seneral  from  the  at- 
tacks of  feveral  dangerous  bands  of 
runaway  fiaves,  which  from  very  final  1 
beginnings  have,  from  the  natural  proli- 
ficacy of  the  negro  race,  and  the  conti^ 
nnal  addition  of  frefli  fugitives,  arrived 
at  fuch  an  height  as  to  have  coft  the 
fountry  very  great  fums  of  money  and 
much  lofs  of  men,  without  being  able 
to  do  thefe  negroes  any  eiFe£lual  injury. 

This  colony  was  firlt  poflefled  by  tne 
French  as  early  as  the  year  1630  or  40, 
and  was  abandoned  by  them  on  account 
of  its  unhealthy  climate.  In  the  year 
1650  it  was  taken  up  by  fome  Englifii- 
men,  and  in  i6<i  a  charter  was  granted 
by  Charles  TI.  About  this  time  it  was 
confiJerably  augmented  by  the  fettle- 
ment  of  a  number  of  Jew«,  who  had  been 
dr'vven  out  of  Cayenne  and  the  Brazils, 
whofe  defcendants  (with  other  Jews) 
compofe  at  prefent  one  half  of  the  white 
inhabitants  of  the  colony,  and  are  allow- 
ed great  privileges.  In  1667  it  was 
taken  by  the  Dutch,  an-i  the  ^.nglifli 
having  got  pofleffion  ab<>nt  the  fame 
time  of  the  then-  Dutch  colony  of  New- 
York,  each  party  retained  its  conquefi, 
the  Engliflt  planters  moft  of  them  i-etir- 
ed  to  Jamaica,  leavine  their  flaves  be- 
hind them,  whofe  language  is  ftill 
Enelift),  but  fo  corrupted  as  not  to  be 
iinderftood  at  firft  by  an  EnglMhman.-- 
At  prefent  this  colony  is  in  the  poflef- 
|ion  of  the  Britilh. 

PyTCHif  AN'i  Ptint,  a  point  of  land 


£  A  S  t$| 

on  the  Vermtnt  fide  of  kk«  Ghiun^ 

[»lain,  about  16  miles  8^  of  die  CaiMft 
ine.  The  BrititS  held  a  (bttumd  Mt 
here,  garrlfoned  by  9r  MHem  Aiob 
the  peace  of  1783.  It  has  li..^  btdi 
delivered  up  to  the  United  States. 

DuxBOROVGH,  a  marithne  towi.1iI|(, 
in  Plymouth co.  Mafiachufteta,  incu' 
porated  in  1637.  ao  veflels,  the  great- 
er part  from  60  to  90  tons,  are  ovmc^ 
here.  It  is  a  healthy  town,  and  con* 
tains  1460  inhabitants }  not  a  greater 
number  than  it  contained  50  years  aso. 
It  lies  S.  by  E.  of  Flymouth,  3  mUcfe 
acroi's  Plymouth  bay  by  water,  and  t 
round  by  land,  and  38  S.  E.  by  S.  of 
Bofton.  within  the  harbour  are  CHarke'a 
I.  eonfifting  of  about  too  acres  of  ex- 
cellent land,  and  Sauquiih  I.  which  vraa 
formerly  joined  to  the  Gurnet,  by'% 
narivw  piece  of  fand )  but  the  water 
has  infulated  it.  The  Gurnet  is  an 
eminence  at  the  fouthem  extremity  of 
the  bcfich,  on  which  is  a  light-houft 
built'by  the  flate.  The  Indian  name 
of  the  town  was  Mattakeefet,  orNa- 
makeefet.  It  waa  fettled  by  capfk 
Standifli  and  his  aflbciates.  The  cap- 
tain came  to  Plymouth  with  the  firft  ftt- 
tlers  in  1610. 

DvxBVRY,  a  townfliip  in  HilUboe. 
rough  CO.  New-Hampfliire,  incorpo- 
rated in  1763 ;  firft  called  Dant«ick» 
joined  with  Sutton  in  the  enumeriation 
of  1 77  ;.    It  has  only  169  inhabitants. 

DvxbURY,  a  townfliip  in  Chitten- 
den CO.  Vermont,  about  so  miles  S.  B. 
of  Burlington,  and  contains  39  inhabit 
tants. 


E 


EARL,  a  townfhip  In  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Eastanallee,  the  north-eaft  head 
branch  of  Alabama  R.  in  Georgia,  on 
which  ftands  the  town  of  Eaftanallee. 

East  Bethlehem,  a  townfliip  in 
Wafljington  co.  Pennfyivania. 

East  Chester,  a  townfliip  in  Weft 
Chefter  co.  New- York,  on  Long-Ifland 
found,  about  9  miles  S.  W..  of  Rye, 
5  northerly  of  Weft  Chefter,  and  17  N, 
E.  of  IJew-York.  It  contains  740  ^n> 
habitants ;  of  whom  106  are  eletEli)ra« 
and  75  flaves. 

Easter,  an  tfle  in  the  Pacific  ocian. 

S.  K^t. 


It  it 


156  E  A  S 

$.  km.  ST.  I.  W.  long.  109. 41 

barreni  and  has  no  frcih  watcr.^ 

,    Eastirn  ^/ItmJt  on  the  £.  CAc  of 

Cbefapcak  bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Chefter 

river. 

Eastern-Precinct,  in  Somerfct 
CO.  Ncw-Jerfey,  contains  tc68  inhabt- 
tants,  of  whom  468  are  ilaves. 

Eastbrn-River,  a  fettiement  in 
Hancock  co.  diftri^l  of  Maine,  conuin> 
iue  S40  inhabitants. 
.  £asterton,  a  village  in  Dauphin 
CO.  Pennfyh  a,  on  the  E.  fide  if  f^  • '". 
quchaonah  ii.  ^inilesN.  byW.  o  Ilnr- 
rilburg,  and  III  N.W.byW.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

East  Plorioa.    See  Tlorida, 

East  Greenwich,  a  poll  town 
ud  the  chief  townfhip  in  Kent  co. 
Ilhode-Ifland;  16  miles  S.  of  Provi- 
dence, and  2»  N.  N.  W.  of  Newport, 
and  coittains  iS«4.  inhabitants.  The 
compaA  part,  called  Greenwich  town, 
Kaa  a  number  of  dwelling-houfcs,  a 
meeting-hutife,  and  handiome  court- 
honfti  {  and,  although  its  coninierce  is 
greatly  fedticed,  carries  on  the  fiilseries 
to  advantage,  and  fends  Come  veflels 
to  the  Weft-Indies.  It  is  fituated  on 
the  N.  W.  part  of  Nanaganfct  bay. 
Bath  this  town  and  Warwick  are  noted 
for  making  good  cyder}  and  formerly 
lur  raifing  tobacco  (or  exportation. 

East  Hadoam,  atownfhip  in  Mid- 
dleiiex  CO.  Connecticut,  fituateJ  on  the 
£.  fide  of  Connedlicut  R.  oppofite  to 
Haddani,  of  which  it  was  formerly  a 
part.  It  was  fettled  in  1704.,  and  lies 
14.  miles  fouthwardly  of  Middleton, 
and  SI  N.  W.  of  New-Lonv-lon. 

Eastham,  a  townlhip  in  Bamftable 
CO.  Maifachuietls,  about  10  miles  long, 
^tuated  on  the  peniniula  of  Cape  Cod, 
between  Chatham  and  Weltfl.:et,  and 
9Scr  100  miles  S.  £.  of  Bollon.  It 
contains  1834  inhabitants. 

East  Hampton,  a  toyvnfltip  in 
Ilimpdiire  co.  Maflachufettt,  6  miles 
S.  of  Norlh^mpton,  and  105  W.  by  S. 
•t  6  iion  It  contains  457  inhabitants, 
and  is  divided  from  the  W.  bank  of 
Connecticut  R.  bythe  celebrated  moim- 
•tain  ca.ltd  Mcunt  Tom, 

I.AST  Hampton,  a  handfome  town 
in  S'jff  ik  cf .  New  York,  on  the  S.  E. 
c.'r.!l  o  Long-IHand,  i  z  miles  E.  N. £. 
oi  South  Hamptun,  and  105  E.  of  New- 
'Yoikclty.  It  nnsn  Prdbyterianchurch, 
ail  Academy,  and  about  80  dwelling- 


E  AS 

houfet  in  one  ftreet.  The  towrnAii]i 
contains  1497  inhabitants,  of  whom 
si4arecleAors.  Gardner"*  Ifland  is 
annexed  to  this  town. 

East  Hartpord,  in  Hartfoid  co. 
ConneAicut,  lies  on  the  E.  bank  of  Con- 
nc£licut  R.  oppofite  to  Hertford.  The 
compact  pruc  of  it  lies  in  one  broad 
ftreet  a  m  le  and  a  half  in  length.  Here 
are  a  number  of  hills  on  the  diiivrent 
ftreams  whkh  water   the  town}    all!) 

<n  and  '*   s  w  rks. 

tAfi  '-a.  fi>  a  townftip  in  Nev/- 
i'  :ti  i ./,  Coimtfticut,  on  the  £.  fide 
ii  jV?\v.  Ji:-  2  harbour.  There  is  a  fort 
i.  mi  "  nam  the  nouth  of  the  bay  op. 
pofite  Sn;ith's  >  ...  to  defend  thf  paf- 
fage.'  The  Scotch  Captain  and  other 
fniall  iflots  and  rocks  lie  on  the  S.  fliore. 

East  Haven,  a  townftiip  in  Efllx 
CO.  Vermont,  W.  of  Maidftone,  11 
miles  S.  E.  of  the  fouthein  end  of  Wil- 
loughby's  lake,  and  18  N.  by  W.  of 
the  upper  bar  of  the  15  mile  falls  on, 
Conneclicut  river. 

East  Kingston,  in  Rockingham 
CO.  New-Hamp<hu'e,  a  part  of  Klngf- 
ton  i  which  fee.  In  1790  it  contained 
358  inhabitants ;  and  now  906. 

East  Main,  is  that  part  of  New- 
Britain,  or  Labrador,  in  North-Ameri- 
ca, which  lies  on  the  E.  fide  of  James's 
bay ;  as  part  of  New  South  Waktk  on 
the  W.  fuie  of  the  fame  bay  is  called 
W^EST  NIain 

The  Hudfon's  bay  factory  called  Eaft 
Main,  is  fttuatcd  on  the  S.  part  of  Eaft 
Main,  between  Rupert  and  Slade  rivers, 
both  of  which  run  weftward  into.  James's 
bay. 

Easton,  a  poft  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia,  and  capital  of  Northampton  co. 
pleafantly  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Lehigh }  and  on  the  W.  fide  of  Dela- 
ware R.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  about  1 50  dwelling  houfes,  a 
church,  court- boufe,  regifter's  office,  and 
an  academy.  It  is  fs  miles  N.  £•  of 
Bethlehem,  and  70  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Easton,  the  chief  town  pf  Talbot 
CO.  Maryland,  formerly  called  Talbot 
Cpurt-Houfe,  it  on  theE.  fideof  Chefa- 
peak  bay,  near  this  forks  of  Treadhaven 
R,  I  s  mdes  from  its  junction  with  Chop- 
tank  R.  It  has  a  handfome  court- houii», 
and  market-hoide ;  about  1 50  dwelling, 
houfes,  and  feyeral  ftores  for  thp  fppply 
of  the  adjacent  country.  It  if  5  miles 
S,  weftcrly  of  Wiliiaiulburg.  37  S.  of 

Chefta 


S  A  S 
Cbefter  Town,  and  ii8  S.  W.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

Easton^  a  towi)(hip  in  WKfliin^ton 
CO.  New- York.  In  1790  \f  '.ontained 
»53y  inhabitant*,  of  wh'  4.S  were 
flavei.  By  the  ftate  cenfua  ij^f^,  it 
appear*:  that  34^  of  it»  j^ytici<:  inhabi- 
tants are  ekclors. 

Easton,  or  Eaflown,  a  .-^  "wfliip  *  1- 
portant  for  ita  i»*on  manufar  <;«,  fituat- 
ed  in  Brittol  '-0  Maflhchnf'  .ti,  near  the 
hv^ad  of  ?^iynh«m  R.  j  4  mil*f  N.  W. 
of  Rapham,  and  la  W.  of  Bridge- 
water.  It  contains  1466  inhabitant*. 
The  beft  mill-faws  in  the  ftate  aremaiie 
here-  The  art  of  making  Heel  was  in- 
troduced here  by  CapC.  Eliphnlet  Leo- 
nard, in  1786.  It  is  made  in  quantities ; 
and  is  cheaper  than  imported  fteel,  and 
equal  in  quality  for  large  work,  fuch  as 
plough  iharesy  horfe  flioes,  &c.  which 
requu't  large  quantities  of  hard  fteel. 
But  forcJge  tools,  in  general,  it  is  found 
to  he  cf  inferior  quality  to  what  is  im- 
ported. The  manufacture  'of  linfeed 
oil  began  here  in  179%,  and  from  an  an- 
nual (iock  of  3000  bufl) .  iS  of  feed,  there 
has  been  annually  produced  near  5000 
gallons  of  oil. 

Easton*s  Beach  ^nABay,  in  the  ftate 
of  Rhode-Ifland,  is  fcparaced  from  Sa- 
chueaft  beach  and  bay  by  Eafton's  itoint. 
Both  lie  at  the  foulhern  end  of  Rhode- 
Ifland. 

East  /{.  in  the  ftate  of  New- York, 
and  the  waters  of  North  or  Hudfon  R. 
form  York  I.  The  communication  be- 
tween North  R.  and  Long-Ifland  found 
is  by  Kaft  R.  along  the  eaftern  fide  of 
New- York  Ifland. 

East  or  North  Haven,  or  ^i- 
nefauge  R.  in  Connt£licut,  rifes  in 
Southington,  not  far  from  a  bend  in 
Farmington  R.  and  pafling  through 
Wallingford  and  North- Haren,  empties 
into  New-Haren  harbour.  It  has  been 
contemplated  to  connefl  the  fource  of 
this  river  with  Far  nmgton  R. 

East-Town,  in  Chefter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

East-Whitet,and,  a  townlhip  in 
Chefter  co.  Poinfylvania. 

East  Windsor,  a  townfliip  in  Hart- 
ford CO.  Connefticut}  feparated  from 
Windfor  by  Conncfticut  R.  and  about 
7  miles  N.  E.  of  H  utford.  The  com- 
pact part  of  the  town  lies  on  one  broad 
ftreet  of  about  t  miles  in  length.  In 
the  townfttip   ar«    3    Congregational 


E  D  B 


rSf 


churches.  The  lands  ->i-e  fertile  {  vmd 
befides  thofe  articles  contqion  to  fb« 
ftate,  produce  large  qaaatitin  of  good 
tobacco. 

Eatvn,  a  fm:  '  tov  .1  in  th^  «orth« 
cm  part  of  Suffbrd  co.  New-H'-.mp- 
(hirr  j  3  mlkt,  N.  of  the  Great  Offipee 
lu  if  and  abotit  56  N.  by  W.  <  i*orti'. 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1766, 
and  cont.-^ins  S53  inhabitants'. 

£at0N7  OWN,  improperly  called  Ed- 
en ti  vn,  u  pleafant  village  in  New-Jer- 
iey,  about  a  mile  S.  ot  the  town  of 
sfirrwft>ury,  in  the  fame  townfhip.  It 
is  a  place  of  fonie  buiinsfs  and  thriving. 
Ebenezer,  a  poft  town,  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Effingham  co.  Georgia,  feated  on 
the  S.W.  bank  of  Savannah  R.  5  mile* 
from  Alwrcorn,  a  j  N.  N. W.  of  Savan- 
nah, 75  S.  E.  of  Leuifvilie,  and  860  S. 
W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  but  x 
few  houfes  {  and  was  fettled  in  1735,  by 
a  number  o£  Proteftants  driven  out  of 
Saltfljurg,  in  the  Ek£lorate  of  Bavaria, 
by  perfecution. 

Eden,  a  townfliip  in  Hancock  co. 
diftri^  of  Maine,  incorporated  in  1796^ 
taken  from  the  northerly  part  of  Mount 
Defert. 

Eden,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  co.  Ver- 
mont, N.  W.  of  Craftfliury,  adjoining. 
Edenton,  a  diftri^l  on  the  fea-coaft 
of  North-Carolina,  bounded  N.  by  the 
ftate  of  Virginia  j  E.  by  the  ocean  j  W, 
by  Halifax  diftriA,  and  S.  by  Newhem. 
It  is  fubdivided  into  nine  counties,  viz. 
Chowan,  Pafquotank,  Perquiminsy 
Gates,  Hertford,  Bertie,  and  Tyrrel. 
It  contains  5  3,770  inhabitants,  of  whom 
19,198  are  (laves.  Its  chief  town  ia 
Edenton.  The  wood  is  chiefly  pine, 
oak,  cypref^i,  and  juniper;  of  all  whick 
there  is  abundance. 

Edenton,  the  capital  of  the  above 
diftrt^,  is  a  poft  town  and  port  of  entry, 
at  the  head  of  a  bay  on  the  N.  fide  of 
Albemarle  found,  and  at  the  N.  E.  fide 
ofthe  opening  cf  Chowan  R.  It  coo* 
tams  above  1 50  indifferent  wooden 
byildings,  and  a  few  handfome  ones* 
The  public  buildings  are  an  aiKienl 
brick  Epifcopal  chuirh,  a  court-houft 
and  gaol.  In  or  near  the  town  lived 
the  proprietary,  and  the  fiift  of  the 
royal  governors.  Its  fltuation  is  ad« 
vantageous  for  trade,  but  unhealtiiy; 
which  doubtlefs  has  tended  to  retard 
its  profperity.  Its  exports  in  the  yrar 
ending  SslpHnhcr  }0)  1794,  amnutcd 


»!• 


B  DI 


IMIm  nhM  of  5e»<4<  dollan.  It  U  of 
MtttI  N.  «f  Newb«rn»  tiy  N.  N.  E. 
if  WilnlMtMi  910  8, 8.  E.  ofPettrf. 
Iwrgh,  mJ  440  8.  W.  of  Philadtl* 


|hM»  N.  ht.  )i«6.  W.long.  77>  ■<• 

EoiktON,  •  ttlantAtion  in  Hancock 
«Ot  dUlriA  of  KUinet  containiiig  no 
iahoMlwtf. 

.Kboarton,  «  port  of  entry  and  poA 
town  oi  Maflkchuicttit  and  the  chief 
tamo  of  Dukc^a  co»  fltuated  on  the  E. 
lUc  of  the  Uhnd  of  Martha**  Vineyard. 
Tb«  fertllt  iOand  of  Chabaquidick  it 
within  the  JorifdiAion  of  Edgarton ) 
yrbUh  haa  a  finall  trade  to  the  Weft- 
Indiei.  The  exports  in  1794  for  one 
3r«ar  ending  Sept.  30th,  amounted  to 
«»«57  doiiare  value.  It  liea  about  14 
aiilea  8t  of  Barnftnble  co,  on  the  main, 
and  f4  miles  S.  S.  E.  of  Bofton.  It  was 
iBcorportited  in  1 67 1|  and  contains  135a 
Snhabitantt. 

Edgcomb,  a  townfhipin  Lincoln  co. 
dillrift  of  Mainci  containing  853  in* 
habitants.  Itwasincoiporated  in  1774, 
and  lies  iSo  mites  N.  by  E.  of  Bofton. 

'^DOCOMBi  a  county  of  Halifax  dif- 
trie  t  N.  Carolina,  bounded  S«  by  Pitt 
CO.  S.  W.  by  Wayne  co.  and  Tar  R. 
which  affords  it  communication  with  fe- 
veral  toimtie*  in  the  ftate }  W.  by  Nalh 
CO.  Mid  B.  by  Martin  and  Halifax  coun- 
ties. It  contains  to,«55  inhabitants, 
of  whom  too9  are  (laves. 

EDGirilLDCk.in  S.Carolina,  is  the 
fouthemmoft  in  the  diftrift  of  Ninety 
Six  {  boumled  N.  by  Saluda  R.  which 
divides  it  from  Newbury  co. ;  S.  W. 
by  Savannah  R.  which  lepai-ates  it  from 
the  ftatc  of  Georgia )  £.  by  Orange- 
bnig  diftriA,  and  W.  bv  Abbeville  co. 
The  ridge  of  elevated  land  which  di- 
vides the  waters  of  Saluda  from  thole 
•f  Savannah  R.  pafles  neurly  through 
the  middle  of  »*::  „—.*'%  Edgefield 
CO.  IB  about  34  mile*  long  and  »4.bix)ad, 
and  cbntatna  ii,a89  inhibitants,  of 
whom  %6t9  are  fiaves. 

Edobfibld  Covkt-Hovbk,  iothe 
•hove  county,  where  is  a  pott-uifice,  is 
aomilea  from  Abbeville  court- houfe) 
•5  fram  Angufta  and  60  from  Columbia. 

Bdoimont,  a  townfliip  in  Dela- 
ware CO.  Pennsylvania  s 

Emsto,  or  rmpttt,  a  navigable  river 
in  S.Caroltna,  which  rifes  in  two  branch - 
OS  from  a  remarkable  ridsc  in  the  inte- 
rior patt  of  the  ftate.  Theie  branches 
ibdowOrat^ebar^  ^"4|>^i*  Aandt 


£  o  6 

I  en  the  N.  farkt  ud  kfn  iBdlfto  rtveff 
which,  having  palTcd  Jackfonburg,  leav* 
ing  it  on  the  J.,  branclm  and  embracet 
Edifto;  and  fevei-al  ilnallcr  ides. 

EdWARD,  afbrtin  Nova- Scotia,  ill 
the  town  of  Windfoi')  in  Hants  co.  (hid 
to  be  large  eitough  to  Contain  too  men. 
It  is  fltuated  on  Avdn.R.  which  is  navi« 

Sble  thus  far  for  veflcis  of  400  tons  1 
Die  of  60  tons  cart  go  a  miles  higher. 

EbwARb,  a  fortif^ationin  Washing- 
ton CO  New<York,  liow  in  ruliis.  It  la 
fltuated  on  the  E.  bank  of  Hud(bn  R. 
nbout  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Folt  George^ 
on  the  (buthern  cxtrettlity  of  Lake 
OeorgCt  and  198.  by  W.  of  Skcne(bu- 
I'ough,  on  South  bay,  an  arm  of  lake 
Champlain.  N.  ht.  43. 7.  W.  loit|f.  74. 

Eei.  Cove  and  Rivtft  L'tn/t  tt  la 
RMtrt  a  I'AMguille,  on  the  fovitli  fide  of 
Chaleur  bay,  is  about  3  leagues  from 
MaligaSh,  about  weft.  This  cove 
abounds  with  falinon,  and  great  quanti- 
ties of  that  fifli  is  taken  annilally,  by  a 
few  inhnbitants  who  are  fettled  nere. 

Ebl  River  /»<(lM»i,  inhabit  thelandi 
on  Eel  R.  a  head  branch  of  Wlibaih  Ri 
They  were  lately  hottiici  but  ceded 
fome  land  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  to 
the  U.  States,  at  the  treaty  of  Green- 
ville, in  17951  wlien  government  paid 
them  a  fum  o(^  money,  and  engaged  to 
pay  them  in  goods,  to  the  value  of  500 
dollars  annually  for  ever. 

EpfinohaM,  formerly  Leavitftown^ 
a  townlhip  in  Sti'a/Turd  cot  New-Hamp- 
(hire,  S.  E.  of  Olfinee  pond,  on  OfTipce 
river,  incorporatea  in  1766,  and  has 
154  inhabitants « 

EPFlNCriAM  C04  in  the  lower  diftrift 
of  Georgia,  is  bounded  by  Savannah  K  i 
on  the  N.  eaftward,  which  feparates  it 
from  S.  Carolina  {  by  Ogechec  R.  on 
the  S.  wellward,  which  divides  it  from 
Liberty  co.  It  Contains  S424  inhahi- 
tunts,  including 750 flaves.  Chief  towns^ 
Ebeneier  and  Elberton. 

Eog-Harboixr,  a  town  in  Glob- 
ce(ler  co.  Ncw-Jcrfey,  on  Great  Egg 
Harbour ;  fuinons  for  the  exportation  of 
pine  and  cedar. 

Kgg  IlARtioiTR  Ri  Great  ano 
LiTTLK.  Great  Egg  Harbourriver  riles 
between  Glouccfter  and  Cumberland 
counties,  in  New-Jerfey.  Aftrr  run- 
ninrE.S.E.  a  few  miles  it  becomes  the 
clivifionat  line  between  Cape  May  and 
Glouceder  counties,  and  falls  into  the 
bay  of  its  own  name*    The  ialct  from 

the; 


the  AUantl*  occm  li«a  in  s«.  it.  Tht 
riv«r  «bouna«  with  OtMpdiMd,  rock- 
<i(h.  Mfch,  oyftvt,  claim,  kc.  whkh 
And  »  rtady  market  it  Fhiltdtlphia. 
This  river  in  navigable  »o  milea  for 
vefl'cli  of  too  tone. 

littk  Egg  Harbour  MiU  liet  about 
If  milei  W.  E.  of  Great  Egg  Harbour 
Inlet.  It  receive!  Multcu*  R.  which 
rile*  in  Olouccltei  and  Burlington  coun. 
tiei,  and  form*  part  of  thedtvifionalline 
a  few  milci  from  the  bay.  It  isnaviffa- 
ble  so  mile*  tor  vefl<U  of  60  tone.  The 
townlhlp  of  Little  Bgg  Harbour^  in  Bur- 
lington CO.  confiilt  of  alvout  13,000 
ncrcti  tite  mott  of  whiih,  being  thin 
and  barren,  it  not  under  innprovement. 
The  compaft  part  of  the  townlhip  u 
called  Clam  Town,  where  there  11  a 
ineeting-houfe  for  Fiiindii,  and  about  a 
dozen  houCcH.  It  hu.>  a  fniall  trade  to 
the  Weftlndiee.  During  the  late  wa 
captains  Fergufon  and  Collins  burnt 
a  number  of  privateer*  and  other  velfcls 
in  Little  Egg  Harbour,  and  deftroyed 
the  place. 

Eco  JJlauiit  a  fniall  ifland  on  the  N. 
K.  fide  of  Delaware  bay,  in  Cumber, 
land  CO. 

Eg  MO  NT,  an  ifland  in  the  Smith  Pa- 
cific ocean,  difcovered  by  capt,  Carteret. 
The  Spaniard*  called  it  Santa  Cruz. 
S.  lat.  19.  20.  £.  long,  from  Green- 
wich 164.  30. 

EoREMONT,  a  towndtlp  in  Berk- 
fliire  CO.  MaflachuH-ttSi  containing  759 
inhabit.int«  incorporated  iii  1760—15 
mile*  S.  W.  of  btockbridgc,  and  1^5 
W.  of  Bofton. 

EiOHTKEN-MiLE,  or  Lon^  Biach, 
the  coalt  of  New^Jerfey,  lie*  between 
Little  Egg  Harbour  inlet,  and  that  of 
Barnegat. 

Elbert,  a  new  county,  in  the  upper 
dlllri6l  of  Georgia,  on  the  trail  of  lan.l 
between  Tugulo  and  Broad  rivers.  The 
S.  E.  corner  of  the  county  i*  at  their 
confluence,  at  the  town  of  Petersburg. 
On  the  N.  W.  it  is  bounded  by  Frank- 
lin county. 

Elcerton,  the  feat  of  juftice  in  the 
above  «;o.  it  93  mile*  N.  W.  of  Peterf- 
biirg,  and  30  S.E  of  Franklin  court- 
houTe. 

Elberton,  a  poft  town  in  Effing- 
ham CO.  Georgia,  on  the  N..  E.  bank  oi 
Ogeechee  R.  containing  about  30  houfes. 
It  is  about  19  milea  W.  of  Ebenezer, 
4S  N.  W«  of  Savannah,  and  55  S,  £, 


1  L  f  tf» 

ofLotiifVill*.    ;..  Ut.  St.  tt.4|.  W*- 

hng.  le.  %o,  -> 

K  L  VTMIKA,  or  Makm/hr,  mm  «f  tlw 
Bahama  or  Lueaya  Iflandt,  when  aWv* 
6e  familie*  formerly  Attlad  trndtr  Dtp* 
Qcr.  Holme*,  and  trtfted  •  ftnall  fort. 
EtiAi,  Mount  St.  amoumtinnttr 
the  diore  of  the  N.  W.  eotft  of  Nartli^ 
America,  N.  W.  of  Admiralty  Bty,tiiA 
S.  E.  of  Prince  WiUiara*a  (bund. 

ELIZAIKTMrCAfB.    8«e  Ci^  MM* 

aabttb  and  Ca/et  Bay, 

ELiaSABETH  Citv  C;  In  Virghiit, 
lie*  between  York  and  Janka  mcr*« 
having  Warwick  and  York  countlea  on 
the  W.  and  Che  fa  pest  k  bay  on  the  B* 
and  N.  There  are  feveral  fmall  iilandt 
on  its  fea-eoart,  the  chief  of  which  nrf 
Long  and  Egg  ifianda.  Point  Comfutt 
is  the  S.  caltern  extremity  of  the  eo» 
It  cont?iins  34.50  inhabitant*,  of  whom 
1I76  are  (lave*. 

Elizabeth  JJatufs,  feveral  flnall 
ifland*  on  the  S.  B.  fide  of  Butt??xl'a 
bay,  extending  S.  weflerly  from  the  ct-' 
tremity  t«f  Bamllable  co.  in  Maffacbu- 
fetts,  and  bearing  N.  W.  from  Martha^t 
Vineyard )  fituated  between  41 .  14.  and 
41.  32.  N-  lat.  and  between  70.  38.  and 
70.  56.  W.  lortg.  They  are  about  id 
in  numbur  {  the  chief  oi  which  are  Nt" 
(hawn,  Pafqui;  Na(hawenna,  Pinequefe, 
and  Chatnlnuik  illand*.  AH  thefe  be- 
long to  Duke's  county. 

Elizabeth,  a  fliort  fouthcm  arm  of 
James  R.  in  Virginia.  It  affords  an  ex- 
cellent harbour,  and  lar^e  enough  for 
300  fliip*.  The  channel  is  from  1 59 
to  aoo  fathoms  wide ;  and  at  common 
flood  tide  it  has  18  fiect  water  to  Nor- 
folk, which  ftand*  near  tl.c  mouth  of  it* 
ealtem  branch.  The  S.  branch  rifca 
in  the  Dil'mal  Swamp.  Craney  ifland, 
at  the  mouth  of  Elizabeth,  lie*  5  mile* 
S.  W.  of  Point  Comfort,  at  the  moutb 
of  Jame*  river. 

Elizabeth's  Island,  Qvebk,  i» 
the  ftratts  of  Magellan,  in  S.  America^ 
Here  frefli  water,  herbs  fit  for  fallad^ 
and  wild  fowl  may  be  had  in  great 
plenty.  The  fliores  alio  abound  with 
(hcU-fifli. 

Elizabeth,  a  townfliip  in  Lancalhr 
CO.  Penniylvania,  containing  about  30 
houfe*,  and  a  Dutch  church;  18  mile* 
N.  VSr.  by  W.  of  Lancatter,  and  84.  W. 
by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Elizasbthtown,  a  po^  tovttn  and 
borough,  IfiEflcy  ooonty,  New.jcrft^t 

pleaiantljr 


i6»  ILK 

f^•AMlx  fltMttcd  on  a  AruiH  cr«rk 
which  cmpiict  Sitto  Arthur  KuU.  lu 
Ml  is  t^ml  to  any  in  the  ftatv.  In  the 
■nniptO  pvrt  of  the  towrit  there  ai«  a- 
liout  150  houTei*  two  brick  churchei, 
ON  for  Prefbytcriane,  very  handfume, 
Iha  ether  for  Epifcopnliane,  and  an 
•cademy.  ThU  it  one  of  the  okleA 
town*  in  the  ftatc*  bavina  been  uurchaf- 
•d  of  the  Imliane  as  early  as  1064,  and 
tetkd  ibon  after.  It  llr*  6  miles  fouth- 
criy  of  Newark,  and  15  S.  W.  by  W. 
ef  No»-York. 

KtlZABRTHTOWN,  a  village  of  Al- 
kuluuiy  CO.  Pennfylvania,  iituaicd  on 
tht  8.  £.  Ode  of  MoiKMtgithela  R.  be- 
twttn Redftone  Old  Foit,  and Pitiniurg, 
•bout  it  miles  from  each,  and  C  above 
the  HMuth  of  the  You^hagany.  Many 
hoata  are  built  here  lur  the  trade  and 
ctnifratiou  to  Kentucky,  ami  in  the  en- 
viroaa  are  feveral  law  mills.  N.  lat. 
49.  13.  W.  long.  79.  ai. 

ELIZABETHTOWt»>  a  poft  town  of 
Maryland,  and'  capital  of  Wafhington 
00.  iormerly  called  Hagarftown,  feated 
in  tlie  fertile  valley  of  Conesocheague. 
It  haa  feveral  flreets  rrgularw  laid  out. 
The  houltfs  are  principally  built  of  brick 
and  flooe,  in  number  about  300.  Epif- 
copolians,  Prrfbyterians,  and  German 
Lutherans  have  each  a  church.  The 
coun-houle  and  market- houie  are  hand- 
ibmc  buildings,  and  the  gaol.is  of  ftone, 
fnd  ftthttantial.  The  trade  with  the 
veftem  country  is  coniideiablej  nnJ 
there  are  anumher  of  mills  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, on  Antietam  creek.  See 
iiagarftown. 

ELiaABETHTOWN,  the  chief  towm 
•f  Tyrrel  co.  in  Edenton  diftri£l, 
Korth-Carolina,  has  a  gaoUcourt-houfe, 
and  a  few  dwelling-houfes.  It  is  40 
icilea  frofn  Fayetttville,  and  55  frcn 
Wilmington. 

EuzABETHTOWN,  a  poft  town  and 
the  chief  in  Bladen  co.  N.  Carolina,  is 
fituated  on  the  N.  W.  brsnch  of.  Cape 
Fear.  It  contains  a  coiirt-houfe,  gaol, 
and  about  3»  houfes  ^  36  miles  fouth- 
ward  of  Fayettevilie,  and  47  N.  W.  of 
Wilmington. 

£lk,  a  creek  in  Northumberland  co. 
Pennfylvania,  which  uniting  with  Penn''s 
creek,  falls  into  the  Sufqueliaanah,  5 
noiiet  below  Sunbury. 

Elk,  a  navigab) .  river  of  the  eaiier» 
ihore  of  Maryland,  which  rifes  in  Chef- 
tcr  CO.  Pennfylvania,  by  two  branches } 


ELM 

Bi((  and  LHtla  Blk  crctkc.  At  tbtir 
confluence  ianda  Elkton.  The  canals 
in  contemfftatimi  ffons  Elk  R*  to  Dela- 
ware bay,  are  noticed  under  Deiawaro 
bay. 

Elk,  a  fhort  navigable  river*  in  the 
(late  of  Tenneflcei  It  rifes  on  the  N. 
W.  fide  of  Cumberland  mountain,  vuna 
S.  weflerly,  and  falU  into  the  Tenneflee 
a  Utile  above  the  Mufcle  Oioals  {  about 
40  miles  W.  N.  W.  of  the  Creeks* 
eroding  Place. 

Elkhokn,  a  fmall  water  of  Kentuc- 
ky river.  The  Elkhom  lands  art  much 
eftecmed,  Iteing  fituated  in  a  bend  of 
Kentucky  river,  inPay^ttr  co.  In  which 
this  fmall  river,  or  creek,  rifes. 

Elk  Lake,  one  of  the  chain  of  fmall 
lakes  which  connects  the  lake  of  the 
Woods  with  lake  Superior.  N.  lat. 
48.  41.  W.  long.  $3. 

Elkridge,  a  fmall  town  in  Ann 
Arundel  co.  Maryland,  fituated  on  the 
S.  bank  of  Patapfco  R.  and  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Deep  Run.  This  place  is  fa- 
mous for  the  bright  tobacco  called 
kUfifoot.  It  it  8  miles  S.  W.  of  Bal- 
timore,  and  19  N.  W.  of  Annapolis. 
N.  lat.  39.  la.  30; 

Elkton,  a  poft  town  of  conlklerable 
trade,  nt  the  head  of  Chefapcak  bay, 
in  Maryland,  and  the  capital  of  Cecil  cu. 
It  is  iituared  at  the  confluence  of  the 
head  branches  of  Elk  R.  13  miles  from 
its  mouth  at  Turkey  Point,  and  a  mile 
above  French  town.  The  tide  flows  up 
to  the  town,  and  it  enjoys  great  advan- 
tages from  the  carryine  trade,  between 
Baltimore  and  Philadelphia,  Up  aids 
of  250,000  bufliels  of  wheat  are  coi  ef^' 
ed  here  annually,  for  fupplying  thoie 
markets,  or  the  neighbouring  mills. 
Elkton  conHfts  of  one  ftreet,  in  which 
are  about  90  houfes,  a  court-houfe,  and 
gaol.  On  the  W.  fide  of  the  town  is 
an  academy.  It  is  ts  miles  S.  W.  of 
Chridiana  bridge,  10  N.  £.  of  Charlef. 
town,  47  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  56 
N.  E.pf  Baltimore. 

Ellington,  a  townfliip  of  about 
100  families,  in  Tolland  co.  Connefti- 
cut.  It  lies  about  is  miles  N.  E.  of 
Hartford  city,  and  6  W.  of  Tolland. 

Ellis  /{.  in  the  diftriA  of  Maine,  is 
a  branch  of  Saco  river. 

Elmore,  the fouthemnaoft  townfliip 
In  Oiieans  co.  In  Vermont,)  and  con- 
tained, by  the  cenfus,  only  la  inhabit- 
ants. 

EmkrtV 


ixtr 

Ijoo  tflM.  An  iq«nl  number  If  AlTe 
•mpltiyad  In  tN  for^tridti  tbMf  t« 
tJit  Wcil.Indin.  Tht  fitMHon  ot' thja 
pbct  Will  fiiir  (at  cxtcnfive  populntion. 
Th«  public  edifices  are  a  Coii|;regxtion> 
■I  churcbffii  M  elegant  buiklinK  appro, 
priatsd  fi>rthe«caclemyi  ahamilemr  md 
capaciouecourt'houif,  Mhl  agaol.  The 
piiblic  office!  of  the  ftate  are  kept  here 
M  prefent.  Befidet  the  celebrated  Ex 
cter  academy,  then  are  here  an  Englilh 
lchool>  and  6  or  t  private  fchooh,  chief* 
iy  for  females. 

This  townfliip  it.  of  irregular  figure, 
and  about  4  miwi  fquare.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  t6]t|  prior  to  which, 
it  had  the  name  of  Swamfcot  Falls, 
from  the  fall*  of  th«  river,  which  fepa- 
rate  the  frefli-  from  the  tide  watery 
where  the  body  of  the  town  ia  fituated  } 
chiefly  on  the  weftem  fide  of  the  river. 
The  number  of  inhabitanta  in  1 7  7  5,  wai 
1 74'*-- anC  in  1790,  i7s«.  It  ilea  54. 
milei  N.  of  Bofton,  and  401  N.  E.  of 
Philadelphia.  N.  Iat4*.  59.  W.long.71. 

"  PhDlipa  Exeter  Academy"  was 
founded  and  endowed  by  the  hon.  John 
Phillips*  LL.  O.  of  Exeter,  and  incor- 

f  orated  by  a£l  of  Aflemblv  in  1781, 
t  is  a  very  refpeAable  ana  ufefiil  in* 
ftitution,  under  the  infpcAion  of  a 
board  of  truitees,  and  the  immediate 
government  and  inftruAion  of  a  precep- 
tor and  m  afliftant.  It  has  a  Aind  of 
^.15,000,  a  part  of  which  is  in  lands 
not  yet  produAive.  The  prefent  an- 
nual income,  is  £.^^.^0.  It  has  com- 
monly between  50  and  60  fludents.  In 
1794,  a  building  was  ereAed,  76  by  36 
feet,  two  ftories  high  {  which  in  point 
of  convenience,  and  perhaps  elegance, 
is  exceeded  by  few  (niildrngs  olF  the 
kind  in  the  United  States. 

ExETBR,  the  N.  weftcrmnoft  town- 
fliip in  Wafliington  co.  Rhode-Ifland 
flate,  hu  North-Kingfton  on  the  E.  and 
Voluntown,  in  Connralicut,  on  the  W. 
The  feveral  branches  of  Wood  R.  unite 
here,  and  take  a  S.  courfe  between 
Hopkinton  and  Richmond.  It  contains 
9495  inhabitants,  of  whom  37  areflaves. 

ExBTER*  a  townlhip  in  Luzem  co. 
Fennfylvania. 

ExBTE  R,  a  town  in  New-Hanover  co. 
in  Wilmington  difbria/N.  Carolina} 
fituated  on  the  N.  E.  branch  of  Cape 
Fear,  about  36  miles  N.  from  Wilming. 
ion,  and  t*  from  the  N.  rivtor. 


9AI 


•^ 


fkvalsd  M  tbt  B.  of  tin  Omt  Ba*. 

between  Stockiai  Mka  on  ibt  9.  W.  Ml 
Long'MIe  M  tht  B.  Is  b  a«w  mWin. 
hitfd,  eMctMinji  twofiimiNca,  yti  U  ont 
of  the  bcfl  ot^tht  Bahwnasi  not  aplr 
tor  its  fertility,  but  for  tlw  cxctUsncn 
of  its  anchoring  gromnit  In  the  iomwl 
to  which  it  gives  name »  where  all  tksr 
Britifh  navy  conid  ride  In  Mny,  If* 
lat.  14.  30.  W.  lonff.  74.  3«. 

ExuMA  SmmJ,  lies  E.  of  the  Onnc 
Bahama  Bitnk,  between  it  and  the  ilk 
of  Ouamhani.  N.  lat.  14.  W.  long.  75. 

F 


r^BIAME,  a  river  in  Loutfiana, 
which  runs  8.  eaftward  into  th« 
Miffifippi,  tnN.  lat.  39.  30.1  limllM 
above  Jaftioni  R.  and  50  below  tht 
Iowa  town  and  rapids. 

Fabii;i,  one  of  the  military  lown- 
fliips  in  New-Yoric. 

FAiRrAX  Ct.  In  Virginia,  Isabont 
*S  miles  long,  and  it  broad  |  en  tht 
W.  bank  of  Potewmack  river.  It  con* 
tains  ia,3te  inhabitants,  of  whom  4574 
are  flaves.    Chief  town,  Alexandria. 

Fairfax,  a  townfhip  in  Franklin  c«. 
Vermont,  B.  of  Oeoi^a,  and  on  th« 
bank  of  La  Moille  R.  and  contains  S54. 
inhabitants  j  and  is  about  9  miks  firwn 
lake  Champlain. 

Fairpiild,  a  plantation  in  Lincofai 
CO.  diftrlA  of  Maine,  on  the  8.  E.  bank' 
of  Kennebeck  R.  8.  of  Canami,  and  op* 
pofite  Hancock;  about  17  miles froaa 
Pittftown,  and  7  from  Fort  HaliAul.  k 
contains  49a  inhabitantsi  and  ia  aaf 
miles  N.  E.  of  Bofton. 

Fairfield,  a  new  townfkip  in  Her* 
kemer  county.  New- York. 

F/^irfield,  a  townfliip  in  Frankl&i 
CO.  \  ennont,  E.  of  St.  Alban*s )  and 
containa  1*9  inhabitants.  It  isismilea 
S.  of  the  Canada  line,  and  as  far  fixNm 
the  nearefi  part  of  lake  Champlain. 

Fairfield,  a  townfliip  in  WiAlngi- 
ton  CO.  New- York.  By  tlie  ftate  ccn- 
fus  of  1796,  $9  f  its  inhabitants  art 
eI«6lors. 

Fairfield,  a  townlhip  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  New- Jerfey,  on  Cohanay  cfeek» 
and  at  the  head  of  Black  creek}  *$ 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salem,  in  Salem  co^ 

Fairfield  60.  inCornvBAicut/iatbc 
S.  weftcnunoft  in  the  Bit»f  bounded 


xM 


T  AI 


W*-  ty  the  ftite  of  New. York,  E.  by 
^w-Haven  co.  N.  bvLttrhfield,  andS. 
by  I<ong-Ifland  ibuna.  Ittihapeisvery 
irreKulBr.  It  is  divided  into  1 3  town- 
Ihipa,  of  which  Faii-field  and  Danhury 
are  the  chief)  and  contains  36»aso  in< 
babitantii  including  433  flaves.  It  is 
f-j/aratcd  from  New.Haven  co.  and  part 
of  Litchfield  co.  by  Stratfqrd  R.  The 
other  parts  of  the  country  are  watered 
ty  batkll  Arenms,  as  Sagatuck,  Saico, 
T^zsnoak,  Five  \<'.le,  Kodens,  Mill, 
^^xiMayamus  river^.  Several  harbours, 
ar;i^  a  numt^^t  of  fmall  ides  lie  along  the 
ibvndt  in  the  towns  of  Greenwich, 
Stamford,  Norwalk, Fail  field,  and  Strat- 
ford. The  >'ace  cf  the  county  is  rough, 
but  the  foil  i.s  g^ood. 
•  Fairfield,  the  UHquvwa  of  the  In- 
dians, a  poll  town  and  port  of  entry  of 
CiMine£licut,  and  capital  of  tho  auove 
county,  is  pleafantly  fuuated  on  Mill 
Run,  a  little  above  iti  entrance  into 
I<ongIfland  found,  xi  miles  S.  W.  by 
W.  of  New. Haven.  a"d  64  From  New- 
York.  It  eonuins  about  100  houfes, 
a  neat  Congregational  church,  and  a 
court-houfe.  About  4  miles  N.  W.  of 
the  body  of  the  town,  and  in  the  town- 
ihip  is  the  beautiiul  parifli  of  Green. 
AeU,  in  which  is  a  flourifliing  acaden^y. 
A'  high  emintnce  in  the  centre  of  the 
parilh  commands  a  delightful  profpeft, 
Fairfield  was  fettled  from  Weatherf- 
iield  in  i£39,  and  in  1736  contained 
400  families.  It  was  burnt  by  a  party 
pf  tories  and  Britifh*  under  tlie  com- 
jnand  pf  gov.  Tiyon,  ir  1777 ;  the  lofs 
fuftained,  ainounted  to  upwards  of 
^.40,000.  Fairfield,  carries  on  a  con- 
siderable trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  The 
exports  for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30th, 
17941  ^moimted  to  77,4zs  dollars, 

FAiRFiEifP,  a  townlbip  in  Weft- 
niorelaikl  to,  Pennfylvania. 

Fairpielp  Co.  iii  Camden  difl:ri£^, 
8.  Carolina,  between  WatereeR,  which 
tiiyides  it  from  Lancader  co.  snd  Bread 
R.  which  feparates  it  from  N.wbucy 
and  ynior,  counties.  It  contains  6138 
white  inhabitants,  and  1485  flaves*  Its 
chief  town  19  Win(borough. 

Fairhaven,  in  Briitol  co,  Mafla. 
fehuiietts,  lies  ^n  (he  N,  W.  fide  of  Quz- 
)iar^-»  bay,  and  op  the  eaftern  fnle  pf 
AccuQmet  rivdr,  oppotit«  tp  Jiedford  ; 
W'     •  lee. 

Fairhavbn,  a  conlid(;rab!e  town 
ilup  in  Ki)ti«Ait  <»,  VtjMip«:.  N.  Mr .  pf 


F  A  L 

PpultAey.   It  conuins  545  inhabitantf, 
and  is  51  miles  N.  of  Bennintiton. 

Fairlee,  a  town(hip  in  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Conne£ii. 
cut  R.  16  miles  N.  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege.  The  townfliip  is  hilly,  but  of  a 
g(Mkl'  foil,  And  has  feveral  glades  of  ex. 
cellent  land.  It  contains  463  inhabit, 
ants. 

Fair  Weather,  Cape,  on  the  E. 
coaft  of  Patagonia,  in  S.  America,  Kes 
northerly  from  Cape  Virgin  Mary.  S. 
lat.  51.  45.  W.  long,  from  Greenwich 
68.  10.  , 

falkT-anp  IJUs,  lie  at  no  great  dif. 
tance  from  the  ftraits  of  Magellan,  at 
the  utmoft  extremity  of  S.  America, 
between  50.  and  5$.  W.  long',  and  51, 
and  53.  S.  lat.  Thefe  iflands  were  dif. 
covered  by  Sir  Richard  Hawkins,  in 
^591-}  the  chief  of  the  two  iflands  he 
named  HawktHs'  MaidenUuid,  in  honour 
of  Qufen  Elizabeth.  The  foil  of  thefe 
iflands  is  bad,  and  the  fliores  are  beaten 
by  perpetual  ftorms.  A  Britifli  fettle, 
ment  was  made  here,  of  which  they  were 
dil'pofleflixl  by  the  Spaniards,  in  1770, 
foon  after  it  had  been  tttabliflied.  The 
Spaniards  now  fend  criminals  to  thefe  in- 
hofpitable  Oxott^  from  their  fettlcment« 
in  America. 

Fall  R.  is  an  inconfideraMe  ftream, 
rifmg  in  Wacuper  Pond,  in  Rhode-Ifl* 
and,  and  af:«r  a  ftjort  N.  W.  courle, 
empties  into  Taunton  river. 

Falls,  a  townfliip  in  Bucks  county, 
Peiiniyivania. 

Fallen  City,  or  Old  Jeru/aUfit,  a 
range  of  rocks  among  the  Virgin  ifies 
in  the  Wett-Iudies,  S.  W.  ot  Virgin 
Gorda.  N.lat.  18.  lo.W.  long.6i.  53, 

Falling  Springs  a  branch  of  James 
R.  in  Virginia,  where  it  is  called  Jackr 
fon's  river,  rifmg  in  the  mountain-xo  miles 
S.  W.  of  the  Warm  Spring.  The  water 
falls  over  the  rock  »oo  feet,  which  is  a- 
bout  50  feet  higher  than  the  fall  of  Nia- 
gara, between  the  (heet  of  water  an^  tlie 
rock  below,  a  man  may  walk  acrofs  dry. 

Falmouth,  a  townfliip,  formerly 
including  Portland,  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  containing  2<;9i  inhabitants,  '^It 
is  fituated  on  Calco  bay,  ii0  miles  N. 
N.  E.  of  fioHon .    Incorporated  in  1 7 1 8 . 

Falmouth,  a  townfliip  in  Hants 
CO.  Nova  Scotia}  fituate«l  on  the  S.  E. 
fide  of  the  fiafin  of  Minas  oppofite 
W^:nd(or,  78  miles  N.  W.  of  Halifax. 

|*'almovt^,  a  maiitimc  townfliip  iit 

jpainliabl? 


FAR 

B»rnftaHle  CO.  Mafliicht:rettd,  fthiated 
on  the  N.  E.  partrftheVineyatxl  found, 
on  the  W.  fide  of  the  bay  of  its  name ; 
77  miles  S.  E.  by  S.  of  Bofton,  1 8  from 
Sandwich,,  and  9  frqm  Holme*s  Hole. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1686,  and  con- 
tains 1637  inhabitants.  N.  lat.  4.1. 
33  W.  long.  70.  35.     It  is  a  poft  town. 

Falmouth,  a  poft  town  in  Stafford 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  r>-  '  he  N.  bink  of 
Rappahannock  river,  r,  y  oppofite  to 
FiedericLlburg;.  It  h  ureg^'ilariy  built, 
and  containd  an  Spiicopaiian  church 
and  about  150  houfcs.  It  is  13  miles 
S.  W.  of  Dumfries,  70  N.  by  E.  of 
Richmond,  and  X07  S.  wefterly  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. Conilderable  quantities  of 
tobacc*  are  ini\;  Sial  here. 

Falmouth,  a  town  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennlylvania,  (ituated  on  the  S.  E,  fide 
of  Conawago  creek,  xo  miles  wefterly  of 
Lancal^er.    It  has  b^n  lately  laid  out. 

Falmovth,  a  town  and  harbour  on 
the  S.  ftiore  of  the  ifitnd  of  Antl^-.sa,  in 
t*ie  Weft.Indies.  Itl  a8Engli(hha,rbour 
on  the  £.  and  Kendezvour  bay  on  the 
W. ;  and  fituatf'  in  St.  Paurs  parifli, 
at  the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  harbour, 
which  is  well  fortified. 

Falmouth,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamai- 
ca, innhe  W'efl- Indies,  commonly  call- 
ed the  Point,  is  fituated  on  the  S.  fide 
of  Martha  Brae  harbour ;  and  including 
the  adjoining  villages  of  Martbu  Brae 
and  the  Rock,  is  compofed  of  aso 
houfes.  Here  30  capital  Rationed  Ihips 
load  for  Great  Britain,  exciufive  of 
iloops  and  ihialler  craft. 

False  Cape  Horv,  the  fouth-weftem 
point  of  Terra  del  Fueeo. 

Falsington,  a  village  in  Pennfyl- 
vania,  in  Bucks  co.  li  miles  N.  E.'of 
Philadelphia. 

Famine  Port,  a  fbrtrefs  feated  on 
the  N.  E.  coaft  of  the  ftraits  of  Magel- 
lan, in  S.  America.  Here  a  Spanifli 
garrifon  perifhed  for  want  j  fince  which 
time  it  has  been  negle6led>  S.  lat.  55. 
44.  W.  long.  70.  »o. 

Fan  net,  a  townibip  in  Franklin  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Fa^'ier  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  bound- 
ed N.  by  Loudon  and  £.  by  Prince 
William.  It  is  about  55  miles  long 
and  20  broad,  and  contains  17,891  in- 
habitants, of  whom  664s  are  nav«:s. 

Farewell,  Cape,  the  S.  point  of 
Weft  Greenland,  on  the  N.  fid«  of  the 
£14  ;-rinc«  of  Davis'ii  draitf }  Neith  Ame- 


F  A  Y  1^7 

rica.    U.  lat.  59.  37.  W.  Ions;.  4».4«. 

Farmingtok,  a  very  fl^ouriOiiDg 
townfhip  of  excellent  land)  in  Linedn 
CO.  diftrifl  of  Maine,  on  jSandy  river* 
35  mites  N.  W.  of  Hallowiell,  30  Ikiht 
coiTrfe  from  Harrington,  9nd  104  N.  N. 
E.  of  Bofton.  Number  of  inhabitants, 
about  I  too.  A  very  few  years  finc0 
this  towiifhip  was  a  wildernefs. 

Farmington,  a  large,  pleafant, ml 
wealthy  town  in  Hartford  co.  Connec- 
ticut, lomilesS.  W.  of  Hartfbrd  city, 
31  N.  E.  of  New-Haven,  and  %%  E.  of 
Litchfield.  Farmington  river,  a  water 
of  ConneAicut,  m«andera  delightfully 
through  charming  intervale^,  whicK 
beautify  and  enrich  this  town.  The 
houfes,  in  the  compaft  part  of  this 
town,  (land  chiefly  on  a  ftrect  which' 
runs  N.  and  S.  alone  the- gentle  decliv- 
ity of  a  hill,  which  aicends  E.  of  the  in- 
tervales i  about  the  centre  of  the  ftreet 
(lands  a  large  and  faandfotpe  Oingrega- 
tional  church.  This  town  was  fettled 
as  early  ai  1645,  and  its  limits  then 
were  very  extenfive.  Several  towns 
have  been  fince  taken  from  It. 

Farmington,  afmallriverofCori* 
nfffticut,  which  pafTes  through  the  towni 
of  Farmington,  where  it  receives  Cam- 
bridge orPoquabockR.  fromthe  8.  W. 
when  it  acquires  the  name  of  Wind  for 
R.  and  falls  into  Connecticut  R.  in  the 
town  of  Windfor,  about  4  mile«  above 
Haii'ford  city. 

Favourable  Lake,  in  N,Iat.5x.46. 
W.  long.  f$.  10.  is  the  fource  of  two 
large  rivers,  at  the  nttouth  of  one  of 
which,  emptying  into  Winnipeg  lake, 
(lands  the  Canadian  houfe.  The  other 
is  the  8.  W.  branch  of  Severn  riycr. 

Fawn,  a  townfhip  in  York  co.  Peun- 
fylvania. 

Fayettb,  afeitlement  In  Tioga  co. 
New- York,  between  the  Unadilla  and 
the  main  branch  of  the  Chenengo.  It  is 
laid  out  into  100  lots  of  a  (quare  mile 
each,  as^  nearly  as  the  ground  will  per- 
mit. 

Fayette  Co.  in  Pejinfylvanii.,  is 
bounded  N.  by  Wt  (Imorelandj    «.   by 

(>art  of  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and.  W. 
ly  MoHongahela  R.  It  !:«  -^^  miles  in 
length  and  29  in  breadth,  and  contains 
473,180  acres  J  divided  into  11  town- 
(hips,  of  which  Union  is  the  chief.  The 
number  of  inhahitantii  is  I3i3>5,  cf 
whom  ?8»  are  flaves. 
Favette,  ftdiltrift  of  N.  Carolina, 
X>  4  comprehending; 


ccfoipnefaending  <|,  countlef «  vtx.  Moore, 
CvunberUnd,  Sampfon,  ^.ichniond,  tlo- 
t^fpn,  wd  i^fon.  It  is  bounded  N. 
by  Hilliborough,  S.  E.by  Wii()nington 
awl  Mewbelto,  W.  by  Saliibury,  and  S. 
bVtHe  iCtate  of  S.  Carolina.  It  it  i«o 
milea  to  kng^h,  and  50  in  breadth,  and 
c»nica>n>  34»oao  inhabitants}  of  whom 
5,678  are  flaves> 

'  FAYBTTBVILI.B,  fo  caUed  in  hQnour 
of  the  Marquis  Xa  Fayette,  a  floufilhirig 
])oft  .town  of  North-Carolina,  the  feat 
^fjufti^e  for  the  above  diftrifl,  and  plea- 
ftntly  fituated  in  Cumberland  co.  on 
the  W.  fide  of  the  N.  W.   branch  of 
Cue  Fe^rl^.  nearly  at  the  headof  navi- 
^ttwn,  and  loainiles  above  Wilming- 
ton, and  61  foutherly  of  Raleigh.    On 
^  bank  df  the  river,  ftand  a  few  build- 
ings and  tte  tobacco  warefaoufes,  which 
have  received  io  one  feafon  6000  hhds. 
of  tobacco,  equal  in  quality  to  that  of 
|^^ci<burgh.    Tbe  compafk  part  of  the 
iovm  is  fituati^tt  about  a  mile  froih  the 
river,  near  the  jiin3;ion  of  Blount's  and 
Crofs  creek }  on  which  h&  it  is  chiefly 
ercftcd,  and    from  that    circum'ftance 
was  tormerly  named  Crofs  Creek.    On 
both  iides  the  creek   are   about  400 
botfiiss,  %  hahdibme  edifices  for  the  fu- 
pvevntf  diftrift,  and  coilDty  courts,  and 
the  meetings  of  the  town  officers  arid  its 
Citizens.    The  Free  Mafoiifc*  lodge  is 
al^  a  large  and  handfome   building. 
^tht  town  IS  regularly  laid  out,  'and  its 
principal  fti-eets  are  100  feet  wide.   Here 
9re  three  mills,  two  confiderable  diflil- 
kries  and  breweries,  and  federal  exten- 
sive tan  yards.    The  trade  to  Wilming- 
ton is  very  confiderable,   to  which  it 
fends  down  tobacco,  wheat,  flour,  beef, 
pork,  flax-feed,  hemp,  cotton,  butter, 
lumber,  ftaves,  naval  ftores,  &c.    The 
boats  ufed  in  traafporting  theie  articles 
to.  Wilniington,  contain  about  lao  bar- 
rels, and  make  their  returns  of  Euro- 
pean and  India  gcKxls,  &c.  in  from  10 
to  ao  days.    The  fituation  of  the  (own 
is  agreeable  and  healthy,  and  well  adapt- 
ed for  eftablifliingntanuiaiWies.     The 
country  imnriediately  round  the  town  is 
conliderably  elevated,   and  the  fail  dry 
and  barren  j  Jbut  near,  the  water  courles, 
which  are  numerous,  the  foil  in  as  rich 
as  any  in  the  ftate.    Since  the  fire  in 
1791,    which  deftroyed  many  houfes, 
the  peuple  begin  to  build  with  brick, 
which  are  here  made  of  a  good  quality, 
awd  ibid  reaibuabljr,    Tht?  tgmi  ftaadi 


ye 

in  a  feltlement  of  Scotch  Uigblandert^ 
and  is  55  miles  N.^  W.  of  Camden  ixi 
S.  Carolina,  lOoS.  W-  of  Taiborough; 
147  S.  W.  by  8.  of  Halifax,  379  8-  W 
W.  of  Waftington  city,  and'5»6  S.  W. 
by  S.  of  Philadelphik. 

Fayette,  a  cb.  of  l^tucky,  fur- 
rounded  by  Clarke,  Bourbon,  Scott, 
Franklin,  Woodford,  Maddiibn,  and 
Mercer  cbuntier*  Chief  town  Lexing- 
ton, 

Faystomtn,  a  townfliip  in  Chitten- 
den CO.  Vei-mont,  uifiihhabited  in  1790. 
Fear  Point,  Cape,  at  the  mouth 
of  Cape  Fear  R.  in  N.  Carblina,  4 
miles  S.  S.  £.  of  the  llght-houfe  oii 
Bald  Head. 
Federal  City,    %ttWafla$^m  eity. 
FederalsburGj  a  village  m  Mary- 
land, on  the  'E.  fide  of  Chefapeak  buy^ 
fituated  on  Marfliy  Hope  creek,  partly 
in  Dorchefter  and  partly  in  Caroline  co. 
5  miles'E.N.E.  of  Hunting-Creek  town, 
and  about  kd  (1.  E.'of  Cambridge. 

Fe  d'Amtiochia,  Santa,  tnemofl; 
noi^hem  totlm  of  Popayan,  a  diflrifl  of 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America.  It  is  fitu- 
ated loO  milM  N.  of  Po^aykncity,  near 
the  confines  of  the  province  6f  Cartha> 
gena,  on  the  banks  '>f  St.  Martha  river, 
and  near  ifo  miles  S.  of  its  conflnkwith' 
*he  Magdalena.  Thither  the  inhabit-' 
ants  removed  from  Antiochia,  1 5  leaeuet 
from  it,  now  an  inconfiderable  puce,' 
whereas  Santa  Fe  d' Antiochia  is  a  coafi* 
derable  jpiace,  ami  capital  of  the  audi- 
ence of  Santa  Fe. 

F2  de  Bagota,  ^anta,  the  capi- 
tal of  New-Oranada,  S.  America,  fitua- 
ted on  the  banks  of  the  little  river  Pati, 
a  water  of  the  Magdalena  f  is  iSo  miles 
K.  of  the  bottom  of  Bonaventura  bay. 
It  is  an  arch-bi(hop*s  fee,  and  the  feat 
of  an  univerfity  founded  by  king  Philip 
III.  in  x6io.  Ne^  this  city  are  gold' 
mines .  The  air  is  teihper&te  and  health- 
ful, and  provifions  plenty.  S.  lat.  4. 
10. W.  long.  74.  5. 

Fe,  or  FOY,  Santa,  a  place  in  the 
middle  of  Veragiia,  a  province  in  the 
audience  of  Guatimala,  ih  North  Ame- 
rica, where  the  king  of  Spain  keeps  of- 
ficers for  cading  and  refining  gold.  It. 
(lands  at  the  fourceof  ariver  which  runs 
into  the  North  Sea. 

Fe,  Santa,  the  capital  of  New- Mex- 
ico, inN.  America.  It  is  iitilatednear 
the  fource  of  Rio  del  Nort,  130  Icagxtes 

ffsm  in  tmut^i  ia  tbv  gulf  of  Mt»icQ< 


.  JButltYV il. a findl xittthx i^cn^f- 
f^;  which  nmi  S.  E'.  intotHe  Temicflee, 
7  mlln  N.  l^  E.  6f  the  i^outh  of  Qinth 
rivjcr.  -  ' 

,  Bmmav«V  a  Monnrl^  fettlemsnt,  S 
!mi|««  from  Bethlehem,  in  PennfylYtnia. 
,  EMMttniib,  or  Bmmt/hirghf  a 
flourifliiiM^vUIafte  in.  Fkederi^k  co.  Ma- 
ryland»  nraatra  between  Flat  Run  and 
Tom's  qteky  weftem  heiid  water!  of 
)the  Monococy,  and  abodit  a  lAile  S.  of 
the  Pennfylvania  line,  tt  i>,  44  miles 
N..E.  by  £.  of  Frederiekf  and.  50  N. 
W.  of  Baltimore.     N.  lat.  39.  low 

EnchanVed  Mountaitit  See  Tennef- 

^  Endless  Mtkiaamst  a  name  fome- 
^tlrnes  applied  to  the  Alleghaiiy  moun« 
tains.  .    ,        . 

,  Endeavovr  StraHst  are  between 
the  N.  point  of  New-Holland,  and  the 
fS.  coaft  of  Kew-Guinea.  S.  lat.  10. 
£.  long,  from  Paris  140. 
.  Enfibld,  a  townfltip  inHartford co. 
Conne£Ucut,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Con- 
ne^icut  R.  dppofite  to  Suffield,  and 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Maflacbu- 
letts  line :  It  was  gi-anted  by  the  court 
of  Maflachufetts,  to  Sprlngl^eld,  in  1648, 
and  Was  fettled  in  k68i.  In  1769  it 
contained  2i4.Englilh  families.  In  the 
town  are  two  Congregational  churches, 
and  a  meeting-houfe  for  Shakers.  The 
compaft  part  of  the  town,  contiguous 
t.o  tlis  river,  is  very  pleafa^t.  It  is  16 
or  18  miles  N.  of  Hartford. 
.  Enfield,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton  co. 
New-Hamp(hire,  about  xi  miles  S.  £. 
of  Dartmouth  CoUrge.  It  was  incor- 
porated ill  1761,  and  has  7*4  inhabit- 
ants, chiefly  fai'mers.    . 

Enganno",  Trompeur,  or  Falfe 
Cape,  is  the  eafterrtmoft  land  of  the  ifl- 
ani  of  St.  Domingo,  s|  leagties  north- 
erly of  Point  de  I'Ep^e,  and  42  S.  E. 
of  Cape  Raphael,  or  Round  Mountain. 
N.  lat.  19.  3.  W.long.  from  Paris  71. 

English  Harftour,  one  of  the  beft 
harbours  in  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  on 
the  S.  fhore,  a  mile  S.  E.  of  the  mouth 
of  Falmouth  harbour.  It  is  Well  forti- 
dtd,  and  has  a  royal  navy  ya"rd  and  ar- 
fen>.J,  with  conveniencits  tor  cai-cening 
fliips  of  war.  N.  lat.  17.  8.  25.  W. 
Ibiig.  61.  t7.  30. 

English  NEicHfit>VRHooD,  a  vll- 
ttge  in  Bergen  c».  NcvO. Jcrfry,  on  a  N. 


trf 


tSi 


C.  hruuih  of  Haekln&ek  R.  W.  oft 
andiA  the  ▼leUiitjrikfFort  Lee. 

£.N<:>Li*HTOiVli»  in  Nc«r.Jerfey»  i 
fmaS  viUaee  in  like  N.  weftcim  jmutc  oi 
Monmotitn  co.  aa  the  road  from  riiiice* 
town  tp  Shr&K^iay,  it  mile*  frbni  the 
fnntfer«  6  "W.  of  Monmouth  c<!iurt-' 
houtk,  and  it  E.  of  Prihcetown. 

EttrcLisH  TVRM.     'See  Ditmr  dei 

Emo*  a  rivet  in  N.  Carolina,  T»hich 
united  with  Little  and  Flat  rivers  isi 
Oitunge  co.  and  fbrms  the  Netis,  attou^ 
17  miles  beloVir  Hilllborough. 

Enorbe,  a  N.  W.  branch  of  Broadi 
R.  in  S.  Carolina.  It  fej^arates  Pihck- 
ney  and  Ninety-Six  diftndt,  and  j<»na 
Broad  R.  about  5  miles  bflow  Tyger  R.. 

Enosburg,  a  townfliip  in  Frankliii 
CO.  Vermont,  about  18  or  ao  miles  £. 
of  Swantown. 

Ephrata,  or  Dunkard  Tooms,  a  vil- 
lage in  Lancafter  CO.  Pennfylvania,  Ittu- 
ated  on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  Calico  creek, 
which,  joining  the  Coneftoga,  falls  int9 
the  Sufqueltaniiah.  It  lies  %%  miles  N^ 
of  the  town  of  Lancafter,  and  up- 
wards of  60  W.  of  Philadelphia,  It  is 
fituated  in  a  romantic  and  iequeftered. 
vale,  and  poflen'ed  by  a  religious  com- 
munity called  Tunkersy  who  are  moftly 
of  German  defcent,  and  believe  in  gene- 
ral redemption.  They  ufe  great  platn- 
nefs  of  drefs  and  language,  and  will 
neither  fwear,  nor  fight,  nor  go  to  law, 
nor  take  intereft  for  the  money  they 
lend.  They  have  many  peculiarities} 
but  their  innocent  manners  have  ac- 
quired them  the  name  of  the  harmlefs 
Tunkers.  This  fettlement  is  fomctimes 
called  Tunker*s  Town,  and  confilts  of 
about  40  buildings  \  of  which  3  are 
places  of  woi'ftiip.  They  fubfift  by 
cultivating  their  lands,  by  attending  a 
pruiting- office,  a  giift-mill,  a  paper- 
mill,  an  oil- mill,  &c.  and  the  fillers  by 
fipinning,  weaving,  fewing,  &c.  fie- 
ndes  this  congregation  at  Ephrata,  there 
were  in  1770,  14  others  of  this  feft  in 
varimis  parts  of  Pennfylvania,  and  fome 
in  Maryland.  The  whole,' exclufive  of 
thofe  in  Maryland,  amounted  to  up- 
wardc  of  zooo  fouls. 

ErpiNG,  a  plantation  in  the  didriA 
of  Maine,  of  about  25  familes,  iz  miles 
from  Narraguague. 

EppJNO,  a  townlhir  in  Rockingham 
CO.  Ncw-Fampfture,  tnkcn  from  the  N' 
W.  part  of  Exeter,  and  incorporated  in 

JU 


x$z 


£RI 


1741.  In  1790  it  contained  u}3,  now 
1740  inhabitant!.  It  it  6  mi)c>  N.  W. 
of  Exeter^  tad  iS  W.  of  Portlinouth. 
,  ErSoM.  a  (ownfliip  in  Rockingham 
i6.  Newr.HampQiire^  liet  E.  of  Pem- 
broke»  adjoining  j  1 0  miles  E.  of  Con- 
cord, and  36  miles  U.  W.  of  Portf- 
mciuth.  It  was  incorporated  in  i7>7} 
in  1775  '*  contained  387,  and  in  1790, 
799  inhabitants. 

Erie,  Fort,  a  ftrong  fortification 
in  Upper  Canada,  fituated  on  the  N. 
ftore  of  take  Erie,  and  on  the  V^.  bank 
of  Niagara  R.  17  miles  S.  by  £  of  Ni- 
agara Fort,  and  18  above  the  carrying 
place  at  the  Falls  of  Niagara.  N.  lit. 
4a.  59.  W.  lotig.  7S.  20.  30. 

Erie,  a  lake  of  the  fourth  magnitude 
in  North-America,  and  through  which 
runs  the  line  between  the  United  States 
and  Upper  Canada.    DEtroit  R.  on 
the  W.  brings  the  waters  of  the  great 
lakes  with  which  lake  Erie  has  a  com- 
munication on  the  N.  W.  and  Niaga- 
ra R.  on  the  E.  forms  its  commtmica- 
tion  with  the  waters  of  lake  Ontario  and 
the  river  St.  Lawrence.     It  is  iituated 
between  41.  and  43.  N.  lat.  and  be- 
tween 78.  48.  and  83.  W.  long.    Its 
form  is  elliptical.     Its  length  is  about 
at5  miles ;   and  its  medium   breadth 
about  40.    It  affords  good  navigation 
for  (hipping  of  any  burden.     The  coafl 
on  both  iides  of  the  lake  is  generally  fa- 
vourable for  the  paflage  of  batreaux  and 
canoes.     Its  banks  in  many  placeii  have 
a  flat  Tandy  /hore,  particularly  to  the 
eaftward  of  the  pentiitiila  called  Lortg 
Point,  which  runs  upwards  of  1 8  miles 
into  the  lake,  and   being  compofed  of 
land  is  very  conven'ent  to  haul  boats  out 
of  the  furf  upon  it,  when  the  lake  is 
too  rough  for  i'ailing  and  rowing ;  yet 
in  fonie  places,  chiefly  on .  the  S.  fide 
towards  both    ends  of  the    lake,    it 
would  be  dangerous  to  approach  and 
impofltblc  to  land,  by  reafbn  of  the  per- 
pendicular height  of 'J':  rocks.     Some 
of  thele,  (as  at  Cr  .■;     ♦'»;  whirh  ar<^  al- 
ready delcribed)  aie  ma^r''-'^-!   ?^*  bevjr:! 
defcription,  and  muft  aUb '"  "-.irearcau 
In  the  holdtft  bre"r.ft.,  w'v^n  viewed  from 
the  water.     Lake  f>iv  h.v.  a  ^u:a\.  yx. 
Titty  of  fine  fifli,  ^b'i    aa  f-rrsfer  ,  <t)., 
white  fiJh,  trout,  fxr  .1.,    jrc.     .Lak-s 
Huron  and  Michtga;    1  fort?  ? vrmoun:- 
cation  with  lake  Et\e,  b;     ;fiv  >  of  '' 
feet  diaught.     There  are  jswita;  i  j;^y 
lie  waters  of  lake  Erie  i  a.ft  i*i4  \V«. 


E  3  C 

badi,  Great  Miami,  Muftinflum,  txi 
Alleghany,  from  s  to  16  iniict.  The 
portage  bstween  tlic  Ohio  ami  Potow. 
niac  will  be  about  ao  mites,  «when  the 
t>bltruftions  in  the  Monongahela  aid 
Cheat  rivers  are  removed. 

Erie's,  an  Indian  nation,  called  by 
the  French  du  Chat,  or  Cat-nation. 
The)  were  extirpated  by  the  Iroquois 
about  the  year.  1055.  Were  U  not  for 
the  lak'.  which  ftilt  bears  the  '.lame  of 
that  nntion,  onti'  would  not  haye  known 
that  they  ever  exifted. 

Erroi.,  afmall  town  on  lakeUinba- 
gog,  in  the  N.  eafternmoft  lettled  part 
of  Grafton  co.  New-Hamp(hire,  incor- 
porated in  1774.  • 
Ervine,  a  townflilp  in  Ontario  co.. 
New- York.  Of  its  inhabitants  93  are 
qualified  to  be  electors. 

Escambia,  one  of  the  tnoft  confider- 
able  risers  that  fall  into  the  bay  of  Pen- 
facola  in  Weft-Florida,  empties  itfelf 
near  the  head  of  the  N.  branch,  about 
I  a  or  15  miles  from  Fenfacola,  throu[{h 
fcveral  marches  and  channels,  which 
have  a  number  of  iflands  between  them, 
that  ai'e  overflowed  when  the  wat^^r  is 
high.  A  flioal  near  its  moutlr prevents 
vclfeis  drawing  more  than  5  or  6  feet, 
iro':n  entering ;  but  there  is  from  a  to 
4  fathoms  of  water  afterwards.  Capt. 
Hutchins  afcended  it  in  a  boat  upwards 
of  80  miles,  and  from  the  depth  of  war 
ter  there,  it  appeased  to  be  navigable 
for  pettiaugers  many  miles  further.  It 
is  uncertain  where  its  fource  is.  The 
courli:  is  very  winding.  At  the  mouth 
of  the  river  on  the  W.  fide  was  the 
town  of  'Cambleton,  fettled  by  French 
Proteftantfc  in  176*,  but  was  afterwards 
abandoned. 

'I'he  lands  in  general  en  each  fide  of 
the  river,  are  rich,  low  or  fwampy,  ad- 
mirably adapted  for  the  culture  of  rice 
or  corn.  The  great  number  of  rivulets 
which  fall  Into  this  river  from  the  high 
circumjacent  country,  may  be  led  oVer 
any  part  of  the  rice  lands,  at  any  feafon 
of  the  yeai'.  The  numerous  iflands  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river,  fomc  of  very  con- 
fiderable  ♦■xtciit,  are  not  inferior  for 
rite  to  inv  •»'  America.  The  fettlc- 
H  its  mai'v  ly  Meifrs.  Tait  amlMilch- 
eii,  capt.  Johnfon,  Mr.  McKinnon,  uiud 
Hnnc  othciii,  are  very  evi<.«:nt  proofs  of 
til's  ?fl*ei'tiun;  who  witliin  two  years 
0  :  i  eir  firft  ftttlement,  had  nearly  clear- 
id  ull  the  expenfev  they  hud  been  at  in 

waking 


ttxf 

The 
Potow. 
len  the 
la  aid 

lied  by 
nation, 
oquois 
r.Jt  for 
ame  of 
known 


BS  S 

aiaking  very  confiderable  eftablUh- 
nients  {  and  wouM  entirely  have  done  it 
ia  another  year,  had  not  the  SpaiiUhls 
taken  poflemon  of  the  country. 
>  £scvvTARi»  a  fmall  ifland  about  5 
leagues  N.  of  I^ouiflxnirg}  in.the  iiland 
o£  Cape  Breton. 

BsoPUB.    See  KingftoHt  New  York. 

EspiRiTV  Santo,  Isles  dec.;,  fi. 
tuated  on  the  6.  W,  of  Providencci  ia 
the  W. -Indies.   See  Andros  IJIes, 

£spiRiTV  Sancto,  a  bay  on  the 
W.  coaft  of  Baft  FloVida,  in  27.  8.  N. 
lat.  It  has  a  good  harbour,  4  fatliom 
water,  and  fafe  anchorage ;  but  the  land 
all  about  the  coaft  is  very  low,  and  can- 
not be  r«en  from  a  fhtp's  deck  when  in 
7  fathom  water.  Several  low,  fandy 
iflands  and  marches,  covered  with  man- 

frove  bulhes,  lie  before  the  main  land, 
[ere  are  immenfe  numbers  of  fiih  in 
the  fummer  time,  which  may  be  caught 
with  a  fcine,  enough  to  load  a  fliip,  (if 
the  climate  would  admit  of  curing 
them)  even  in  a  few  days. 
£s(y;iMAVX.     See   Laltraior  and 

Esc^uiMAUX,  a  large  bay  rn  the  La- 
brador xoall,  into  which  a  river  of  the 
fame  name  empties.  It  lies  in  the  N. 
W.  part  of  the  gulf  of  St*  Lawrence, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  ftraits  of  Belle- 
ifle.  Efquimaux  iflands  lie  acrofs  its 
mouth. 

£ssE(^EB0i){/7rf<?and  J{<<i;«r.  Ef- 
fequebo  is  a  diftri^  of  Dutch  Gnlana^  in 
S.  America,  and  receives  its  name  from 
the  large  navigable  riv^r  which  waters 
it.    See  Demerare.  end  Dutch  America. 

E  s  s  E  X  Co .  in  Madachu fetts,  is  bound- 
ed N.  by  the  (late  of  N.  ftampftiire  ;  E. 
&  8.  by  the  ocean,  ami  the  town  of  Chel- 
fea  in  Suffolk  co.)  W.  by  Middleft-x 
CO. ;  in  length  about  38  mil^s,  in  breadth 
2  5  J  and  is  lhap'.d  triangularly^  Chelfea 
being  the  acute  point.  The  chief  i(l- 
ands  on  its  coaft,  belonging  to  it,  are 
Cape  Anne  and  Plumb  iflands.  It  is 
fuWdivided  into  **  townfliips,  which 
contain  7644.  houfes  and  57,913  inha- 
bitants }  being  the  moft  populous,  of  its 
ijze,  of  any  in  the  ftate,  having  about 
135  fouls  to  a  fquare  mile.  The  firft 
lettlenjcnt:  in  Mafhchufetts  Proper  was 
made  in  Salem,  the  capital  of  the  coun- 
ty, in  i6a8,  by  John  Endicot,  Efq.  one 
of  the  original  patentees,  and  many 
years  govern  >r  ol  the  colony.  It  was 
l^ade  a  flilje  in  1643,  bcir.j;  one  of  the 


B  9  T         .       t|| 

three  into  which  the  colcmy  ««•  firft 
divided.  Eflex  co.  pays  i^xNit  one  ie* 
venth  part  of  the  fuitc  tax,  el«(9ia  fix 
fenators  sikI  counfellvrs  M  the  gtnecn* 
ment  of  the  conun  jpyireRHh,  ftfid  oiqe  re-> 
prefentatlve  in  the  legiflature  .<^  the 
United  States. 

The  face  of  tjic  country  U  ple^fingly 
variegated  with  hills,  vaf>*s,  woods,' and 
plains.  The  land  is  generally  fiuitfiil  { 
out  is  more  favourable  to  bar)cy  than 
moft  other  parts  of  the  ftate.  Q^arriee 
of  marble  and  limeftone  are  found  in 
this  county ;  and  the  Xea  coaft  is  in« 
dented  with  a  number  of  good  harbours. 
Merrimack  river  interfeas  the  N.  part 
of  Eflex  county ;  between  it  and  the 
New-Hampfliire  line  are  the  towns  of 
Methuen,  Haverhill,  Almfltury  and  Sa> 
lifl)ury. 

Essex  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  bounded 
E.  and  N.  £.  by  Rappahannock  river« 
which  divides  it  from  Richmond.  It  is 
about  55  miles  long  and  la  broad,  aund 
contains  9111  inhabitants,  of  whom 
5440  are  flaves. 

EssiRX  Co.  in  New-jerfey,  is  in  the 
eaftern  part  of  the  ftate,  and  divided 
from  Staten-Ifland  by  Newark  bay.  It 
is  about  »5  miles  in  length  andit6  in 
breadth,  and  has  three  townfliips,  viz. 
Newark,  EHzabethtown  and  Acqoack- 
anack,  whv:h  contain  i7>785  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  X171  are  flaves.  The 
foil  is  very  fertile,  and  its  fruits  and 
other  produAions  meet  <.vith  a  quick 
fale  in  New- York  city.  Eflex  couny 
has  within  it  7  Prcfltytman  churches,  j 
for  Epifcopalians,  i  for  Anabaptifts, 
and  z  for  Dutch  Calvinifts. 

Essex  Co.  in  Vermont,  is  the  north- 
eafte.nmoft  in  the  ftate. 

Essex,  a  townfliip  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  contains  354  inhabitants.  It 
lies  between  Jericho  on  the  S.  E.  and 
Colchefter  on  the  N.  W. 

EsTAPA,  or  EJlaft,  a  town  belong- 
ing to  the  province  of  Tabafco,  and  au- 
dience of  Mexico,  in  New-Spain,  N. 
America.  It  is  mentioned  by  Dampier. 
as  fituated  on  Tabafco  R.  4  leagues  be^^ 
yond  Villa  de  Mofe.  It  is  faid  to  be  a 
place  of  conflderabie  trade }  and  io 
ilrong,  that  it  repulfed  capt.  Hewet, 
when  he  attacked  it  with  7.00  defperate 
buccaneers. 

EsTAPO,  a  ftrong  town  in  New- 
Spain,  inhabited  by  Spaniard^  and  na- 
tive Americans;  lit ua tat  at  tl.  v mouth 

la  of 


% 


d4  EU^. 

o#A»4ivf«Tlaluc.    N.  ht.  17  30. 
Wi  Mtigg^  lof.  5. 

fe«VMft  fkiM,  k  Laaokiw  m. 
ftiiillflmda,  fitut«cd  <m  the  E.  bank 
«r8tiAH»iikMMh  R.  a  Uttle  N.  «f  Har- 
rifttoif. 

Btbchiuimibs,  Indian  nattom  on  the 
biidtn  of  Nofva'Scotk.    SttMakekts 

BoPBASBi,  the  ancient  name  of  Hi- 
iMdfeeR.  iMTenaeflee)  alfi>  the  same 
of  «a  ladian  town  on  it*  8.  W.  bank, 
•tjaQeafraai  its  month.  $9t  Hhvaffet* 

BVSTACB,  or  Sm/Uum,  called  alfo 
MebMaae*  or  Sbuchter»  (from  a  butch- 
cry  luade  on  k  by  toe  Speniarda.)  It  is 
an  inconfiderable  iflttid,  about  *o  milea 
in  chvah.  It  forms,  with  a  long  point 
of  land,  the  entrance  to  the  harbour  of 
St.  Auguftine,  in  Eaft-Florida. 

EvsTATiA  T»w»,  in  the  ifland  of 
Bufatia  or  Buftatius,  in  the  Caribbean 
Tea  til  the  W>;ft -Indies.  N.  lat.  17.  29. 
W.  long.^}.  5. 

BvsTATivs,  St.  or  Euflatiat  is  the 
chief  ifland  belonging  to  the  Dutch  in 
the  Weft.lndies,  fituated  in  the  Carib- 
bean fea,  in  17.  a9.  N.  lat.  and. in  6'<;, 
10.  W.  loi^.  and  )  leagues  N.  W.  of 
St.  Chriftopncr*s  It  is  only  a^  moun- 
talOf  about  29  miles  in  compafs,  rifing 
out  df  the  fei,  like  a  pyramid,  and  al- 
moft  round  {  but  though  io  ftnsdl  and 
inconvenientlr  laid  out  by  nature,  the 
indti(hif  of  the  Dutch  haa  turned  it  to 
Si  good  account,  that  it  is  faid  to  con- 
tain 5000  whites,  and  1 5,000  negroes. 
The  (ides  of  the  mountains  are  laid 
out  in  vety  pretty  fettiements  |  but  thry 
liare  neither  ibrings  nor  rivers.  The 
produce  is  chiefly  Aigar  and  tobacco. 
This  ifland,  as  well  as  Curaflbu,  is 
engaged  in  the  Spanifli  contraband 
trade,  for  which,  however,  it  is  not  fo 
well  fltuatodj  and  it  has  drawn  the 
fame  advantage  from  its  conftant  neu- 
trality. But  in  the  laft  war  between 
Great-Britain  and  Holland,  admiral 
Rodijcy,  having  been  lent  to  reduce  it 
with  a  confiderable  land  and  Tea  force, 
obliged  it  to  furrender  at  dlfcretion,  on 
the  3d  of  February,  1 78 1 .  The  private 
property  of  the  inhabitants  was  confif- 
cated,  with  a  degree  of  rigour  very  im  ■ 
common  among  civilized  nations,  and 
vety  iiKonfiiflent  with  the  humanity  and 
gcnerofity  by  whicli  the  Britil^  nation 
uled  to  be  chani£lerixed.  The  1  n 
afTigoed  waa,  that  the  inhabitants  c 


.^i. 


fiXB 

Buibtitti  had  affiflxd  Franet  aad  fht» 
United  Stattt  with  naval  and  other  ftorcai 
Tht  Britifli  merchants,  aa  tRrcll  aa  thofa 
of  France  and  America,  fufimd  im- 
Menfli  lofa  by  dkSi»  depofited  in  thia 
ifland;  On  the  a7th  of  November,  thai 
fame  year,  it  was  retaken  by  the  French, 
under  the  conmtandof  the  marquis  de 
Bouilfef  who  had  an  inconflderable 
feive.  The  Dutch  firft  took  poflirflton 
of  this  ifland  in  theyoar  1635. 

BvANSHAM,  the  oapiifal  of  Wythe 
CO.  in  Virginia,  is  iituated  on  the  £.  fide 
of  Reedy  creek,  which  fiills  into  the 
Great  luinhaway.  Woods  or  New  river. 
It  contams  a  court- houfe,  gaol,  and  a- 
bout  a5  houfet)  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Chriflianburg,  a4a  in  a  Lke  direAion 
fi«m  Richmond,  and  51S  S.  W.  by  W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Evesham,  a townfliip  in  Burlington 
CO.  New-Jerfiiy,  (ituated  between  the 
forks  of  Moore*8  creek,  which  runs  N. 
wefterly  to  Delaware  R.  It  is  7  milea 
eafterly  of  HaddonfleU,  16  £.  of  Phila- 
delphia,  and  as  8.  of  Burlington. 

Here  Is  an  Indian  fettlcment,  called 
i  -  Pittick,  a  traA  of  land  referved 
by  the  ancient  natives.  They  have  Ibme 
hundreds  of  acres  of  improved  lands, 
about  30  hou(es,  and  a  meeting-houfe. 
They  formerly  had  a  minifter  of  their 
own  order,  who  ftatedly  officiated  in 
the  Indian  language. 

SxETSR,  a  poft  town  in  Rockingham 
CO.  New-Hampfl>ire,  and,  next  toPortf- 
mouth,  the  moft  confiderable  Ilea- port 
town  in  the  ftate.  It  is  fiiuated  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  Swamfcot,  or  Ex- 
eter R.  a  branch  of  the  Pifcataqua,  1 5 
milet  S.  W.  of  Poitfmouth,  and  a  like 
diftanct  N.  W.  of  Newburyport,  in 
Eflex  CO.  Maflachufetts,  The  tide  riles 
here  1 1  feet.  It  is  well  fituated  for  a 
manufaflurmg  town,  and  has  alreat^  a 
duck  manufaltory  in  its  infancy,  6  iaw 
mills,  afullinz  mill,  flitting  mill,  pajjcr 
mill,  fnufFmill,  x  chocolate  and  •  o  grilt 
mills,  iron  works,  and  s  printing ofEces. 
The  faddlery  buftners  is  carried  on  here 
to  greater  extent,  than  in  any  town  011 
this  Me  Philadelphia.  Before  the  re- 
volution fliip-buiiding  was  a  profitable 
bufineis )  ami  the  veflels  were  employed 
in  the  Weft-India  trade.  Notwith- 
liamling  the  loi's  of  this  market,  there 
are  four  or  fiVe  vcflTels,  of  dilFerent  bur- 
ucn,  built  here  annually  ;  the  river  be- 
ing capable  of  floating  down  thofe  o§ 

500 


FOR 

Aycrfton  iitd  Evefliun)  tbcot  15  mllet 
E.  of  Philaddphis,  and  11  S.  of  Bur- 
lineton  city«  '^ 

For*  ST.  •  fnMll  Uland  in  the  Britilb 
tcrritories»  at  the  mouth  of  Lake  OnU' 
t\o,  between  which  and  Graad  Ifland. 
it  a  narrow  channel.  It  Uet  9  mile* 
ibatherly  of  Fort  Frontinac»  and  6  N. 
weflcrly  of  Roebuck  I.  m  the  fame  lake, 
and  within  the  Une  of  tt.«  United 
Statea. 

Forked  DeeR)  a  navigable  river  in 
Tenneflee,  which  runt  wefterly  into 
Miflifippi  R.  between  the  Cbian  and 
Hatchy.  It  is  about  76  yards  widct  7 
miles  nom  its  mouth. 

Forks,  a  townihip  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

FORMOSB,  a  fmall  fettlemcnt  at  the 
S.E.  end  of  Newfoundland  ifland«  at  the 
hefld  of  Bear  Cove* 

FoRTBALizBial  thelnouthof  MiiH> 
fippi  river,  lies  loj  miles  below  the  city 
or  New-Orleans. 

Fort  Bl^tunt,  ftandson  Ctmiber* 
iand  R.  in  the  ftate.of  TennelTee. 

Fort  Brbwington,  in  New- York 
ftate,  is  fituated  at  the  W.  end  of  Onei- 
da Lake,  and  on  the  N.  fide  of  Onon- 
daeo  R.  at  its  mouth  m  the  lake. 

Port  Chartres,  in  the  N.  W. 
territory,  is  fituated  on  the  F.  bank  of 
Miffifippi  R.  6  roileii  W.  by  S.  of  St. 
Phillips,  and  19  W.  N.  W.  of  Kaikaf- 
klas  village. 

Fort  Davphin,  a  fmall  lake,  or 
rather  arm  of  Little  Winnipeg  lake,  and 
weft  of  it. 

Fort  Edward,  a  pleafant  vUlage'in 
Walbmgton  co.  New- York,  on  the  £. 
bank  of  Hudlbn  R.  49  miles  N.  of  Al- 
bany. It  has  its  name  from  the  iaurgre 
fort  built  here  in  1755  {  of  which  there 
are  no  remains  but  large  mounds  of 
earth. 

Fort  Anne,  a  village  on  the  head 
waters  of  Woi4  creek,  in  Wafliingcon 
CO.  New- York,  60  miles  N.  E.  of  Al- 
bany city.  It  has  its  name  from  a  fmall 
picket  fort,  ercAed  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Anne,  of  which  there  is  ro  vef- 
tige  left. 

Fort  George,  lies  at  the  S.  end  of 
lake  George,  6%  miles  N.  of  Albany. 
Here  arc  the  remains  of  the  old  forts, 
George,  and  William  Henry.  The  fitu- 
atkm  is  pleafant,  but  there  is  hard- 
ly  the  appearance  «l'  »  village.  See 
Gtmrgeflakt, 


Fortrotal,  iivthe  ifland  of  GrtMir 
da.    ^e/tSuGnrgt"]. 

Fortrotai;,,  om  ^f  the  principil 
towns  in  the,  ifland  of  Maitinco,  in  ^ 
Weft-Indiea.  It  is  the  feat  of  govs 
ment  in  tlvs  iflaind }  ita  ftreeta  rk  n 
lar,  the  houlca  agrctsblet  and  the 
pie  gay  and  luxurioua.  The  citadel 
which  defends  the  town  00ft  the  Ffench 
^.3x5,000  (lerline.  The  harbour  heaf 
is  one  of  the  beft  in  the  Weft-Indka, 
and  the  fliipsof  war  winter  in  it* 

Fortune,  r  large  bay  tnwund*  Hi» 
S.  W.  part  of  Newfoundland  ifland  § 
acrofs  the  mouth  of  which  Ues  MickJoii 
ifland*  and  S.  of  it  Pcter^s  ifland*  Thia 
extenfive  ba^  i«  interfperied  with  iinaJI 
ifles,  and  within  it  are  many  bays.  It 
has  great  depth  of  water  throughout. 

Foster,  a  townfliip  in  Providence 
CO.  Rhode- Ifland,. containing  ax68  in- 
habitants; 17  miles  wefterly  of  Provtf> 
dence,  and  31  N.  W.  of  Newport* 

Foxbo ROUGH,  a  townfltip  in  Noiv 
folk  CO.  Maflachufttts,  containing -67^ 
inhabitants,  a6  miles  8.  of  Botton*  fit 
was  formerly  a  part  of  Oorchefter»  and 
was  incorporated  in  1778. 

Fox,  a  river  in  the  N.  W.  territory^ 
which  rifes  in  the  S.  and  runs  about  5# 
miles  N.  where  it  approaches  very  steW 
to,  and  parallel  with,  Ouilconfin,  a  VU 
caftem  branch  of  the  Miflifippi  river« 
Frohi  the  Great  Carrying  Place  her^ 
through  lake  Wiiuiebago,  it  rtma  eai^ 
erly,  then  N.  E.  to  bay  Puan,  aboot 
180  miles.  From  the  carrying  place  W 
Winnebago  it  is  navigahle  for  canoes  4 
or  5  miles.  From  Imv  Puan  its  cuiu 
rent  is  gentle;  from  tnence  to  Winne- 
bago lake  it  is  full  of  rocks  and  verjr 
rapid.  Its  breadth  is  between  70  and 
TOO  yards.  The  land  on  ita  borders  is 
good,  thinly  wooded  with  hickory,  oak* 
and  hazel.  See  Oui/con/tig  and  W^wM^ 
bago. 

Fox,  a  northern  water  of  Illim^f 
river,  34.  miles  below  the  motith  of  Pkitf 
rivt-r. 

FraminghaM,  a  townfliip  inMtd* 
dielex  CO.  MafTachtifetts^  containing^' 
1598  inhabitants.  It  was  incorporates. 
ill  1 700,  and  is  24  miles  W.  S.  W.  of 
Bofton. 

FrancestowN)  an  interior  townk 
fliip  in  Hil]flx>rough  co.  New-HampM 
fliire,  on  the  E.  fide  of  Contecook  R. 
about  at  miles  to  the  S.  W.  of  Con- 
cord.   It  was  in  imcn^j^orated  in  z77a» 

and 


1^4  F  R  A 

and  cADtatned  in  1775,  soo  inhabitants, 
in  1790*  9^3 • 

FrancisboroVoh,  afettlement  in 
York  CO.  di(lri£t  of  Maine,  containing 
311  inhabitants. 

Francis,  St.  a  lake,  orextenllon 
oF  tlie  river  St.  Lawrence,  between 
Kingftun  and  Montreal,  through  wliich 
mktEt9  the  line  dividing  Upper  from 
Lower  Canada. 

Francis,  St.  a  river  in  the  province 
of  Lower  Canada,  which  riles  from 
lake  Memphrent^^,  and  runs  nortli- 
^mrd  into  the  river  St.  Lawirnce.  It 
ill  not  ail  tlie  way  navigable  j  elfe  it 
wonld  aflbrd  an  important  communica- 
tioB  fnom  the  northern  parts  of  Ver- 
monr  to  the  markets  of  Montreal  and 
Quebec. 

Francis,  St.  a  fmall  river  in  Loiii- 
ii;?i)a,  which  runs  a  S.  E.  courts  into 
the  Miiiilippi,  108  miles  above  Arkan- 
ias  R.  nil  70  miles  above  Margot  R. 
m  ih;  :  '  •?  of  the  Miflilippi.  It  is 
rcni.wkabli;  for  nothing  but  tlie  general 
rendeivoiis  for  tht  '•eis  from  New. 
Orleans,  who  winter  i.isre,  and  collect 
fait  meat,  fuet,  and  bear's  oil,  for  the 
fupply  of  that  city.  Kappas  Old  fort 
formerly  ftood  at  the  mouth  of  this 
river,  on  the  Ibuthem  fide.  It  was  built 
by  tlie  French  during  their  wars  'w 
the  Chickafaw  Indians. 

Alio,  the  name  of  a  fmall  river  in  the 
N.  W.  territory,  which  nms  a  S.  W. 
by  W.  courfe  mto  MiiTifippi,  between 
Cfold  ajid  Rum  rivers,  60  miles  above 
St.  A'lthony's  Falls.  The  country  a 
little  above  it  is  hilly,  and  the  Ibil 
pretty  good.  To  the  N.  E.  are  the 
fmall  lakes  called  the  Thoufand  lakes. 
The  Miflilippi  here  is  not  above  90 
yanis  wide. 

FRANCis,ST.inBraziI,  S.America, 
a  lon^  and  large  river  which  runs  N. 
eafterly,  and  thence  S.  E.  till  it  empties 
into  the  ocean,  N.  E.  of  the  town  of 
Sert'geppe  del  Rey.  It  has  a  number 
of  towns  and  fettlements,  chiefly  on 
•its  heaii  waters. 

FRAN901S,  Cape  St.  a  jurifdiftion, 
city,  and  port  in  the  N.  welkm  part  ot 
thu'  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  This  jurif- 
di6lion  is  in  th«;  North  divifioji  of  the 
ifland,  in  what  was  called  the  French 

{art  of  it;  and  contains  13  pariOtes. 
t«  exports  from  Jan.  1,  1789,  to  Dec. 
-jx,  of  the  fame  year,  were  as  follow  ; 
3i,iS7,6361bs.white  fugar,  7,a6S,53i 


FR  A 

Ibs.bro^Arnfugar,  ^t,545.{24lb8.  cdfktf 
s69«i4<olb8.  cotton,  i45,}77lbs.  indi- 
go i  tanned  hide&,  molafles,  fpirits.  Sec. 
m  the  value  of  11,789  livivs.  Total 
value  of  duties  on  exportatioa,  x 53* 590 
dollars,  37  cents.  Cape  Francois  ex- 
ceeds Port  au  Prince  in  the  value  of  ita 
prodi>£tiont,  the  elegance  of  its  build- 
mgs>  aM  the  adva/itageoas  fitnation  of 
its  port.  The  city,  which  is  the  go- 
vernor's refidence  in  tinw  of  war,  is  fi- 
tuated  on  a  cape  at  the  edge  of  a  large 
plain,  ao  leagues,  long,  and  on  an  aver- 
age 4  broad,  between  the  fea  and  the 
mountains.  There  are  tew  lands  bet- 
ter watered,  but  there  is  not  a  river 
that  will  admit  a  floop  aliove  3  miles. 
This  fpace  is  cut  through  by  firaight 
roads,  40  fret  broad,  nninrerrnptedly 
lined  with  hedges  of  l.me  and  lemon 
trees,  intermixed  with  Ipng  avenues  of 
lofty  trees,  leading  t«  plantations  which 
produce  a  greater  quantity  of  fugar  thai» 
any  fpol  ot  the  fame  fize  in  the  world. 
The  town,  which  is  fituated  in  the  molt 
unhealthy  place  of  this  extenfive  and 
beautiful  plain,  had,  fome  years  fince, 
(everal  elegant  public  bui'dings,  as  the 
governor's  houfe,  the  barracks,  the 
magazine,  and  two  hofpitals,  called  the 
hou/es  of  Providence,  founded  for  the 
benevolent  and  humane  purpofe  of  fup- 
porting  thofe  Europeans  who  came 
thither  without  money  or  nerchandife. 
The  harbour  is  admirably  well  fituated 
for  ihips  which  come  from  Europe,  be- 
ing 'only  open  to  the  N.  from  whence 
fhips  receive  no  damage,  its  entrance 
being  fprinkled  over  with  reefs  that 
break  the  force  of  the  waves.  Before 
its  deftru£tion  in  1793,  this  city  con- 
tained about  8000  inhabitants;  whites, 
people  of  colour,  and  (laves.  See  St. 
Domingo. 

Francois,  Old  Cape,  the  north - 
eafternmod;  point  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo  or  Hii'paniola  (  hayj^g  Balfa- 
mo  bay  N.  W.  and  Scotch  bay  S.  S.  E. 

Francon!A,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton 
CO.  Ncw-Hampdiire,  14  miles  N.  E.  of 
Haverhill  (N.  H.)  on  Conncfticut  river. 
Incorporated  in  1764,  fuft  called  Mor- 
riftown.     It  contains  72  inhabitants. 

Frankfort,  a  townHiip  in  Han- 
cock CO.  diftri£l  of  Maine,  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Penobfcot  bay.  It  has  a  few 
houfes,  regularly  built,  and  lies  8  niiUs 
W.  of  Penobfcot,  123  V/.  of  P.'flama- 
qucddy,  anU  %x%   N.  £.   of   Bolion. 

The 


\ 


FR  A 

Ihf  townfljtp   conuini    891    inbabi- 
iwits. 

Fii.A»Kro%r,m  FrMk/orJf  a  plea- 
fant,  thnvii^ village  in  Philadelphia  co. 
Pennfylvania,  fituated  on  the  N.  E.  fide 
of  a  ci-eeic  of  the  fame  name,  a  mile 
and  an  hatf  from  Delaware  R<  It  con- 
tains about  so  hmifei,  chiefly  of  ftoney 
an  Epifcopal  and  a  German  church  ; 
on  elevated  eround,  about  5  miles  N. 
£.  of  PhilaJetphia. 

Frankfort,  a  new  townfhip  in 
Herkemer  co.  New- York,  E.  of  Whitef- 
town,  adjoining. 

Frankfort,  a  tlu'iving  village  in 
Hampfliire  co.  Virginia,  on  a  creek 
which  empties  into  ^towmack  R.  It  is 
»3  miles  N.  W.  of  Riirnney,  4  miles  S. 
of  the  Potowmack,  and  10  S.  S.  £.  of 
Fort  Cumberland. 

Frankfort,  the  capital  of  Pendle- 
ton CO.  Virginia,  is  fituated  on  the  W. 
fule  of  a  S.  branch  of  Potowmack  R. 
It  contains  a  court-houie,  gaol,  and 
about  30  houfcs;  180  miles  N.  W.  of 
Richmond. 

Frankfort,  the  metropolis  of 
Kentucky,  is  situated  in  Franklin  co. 
on  the  N.  E.  bank  of  Kentucky  R. 
about  50  miles  from  its  confluence  with 
the  Ohio.  It  is  a  flourilhing  town,  re- 
gularly laid  out,  and  has  a  number  of 
handfome  houfcs.  The  flate-houfe  is  a 
liandfome  ftone  building.  Here  is  alfo 
a  tobacco  warehoufe.  It  is  ^o  miles  N. 
of  Harrodlburg,  40  N.  by  W.  of  Dan- 
ville, IS}  from  Louifville,  and  790  W. 
by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  N.  iat.  38.  14. 
VV.  long.  95.  a8. 

Franklin,  Fort,  is  in  A.iieghany 
CO.  Penniylvaniu,  near  the  pofl  culled 
Venango,  and  was  ere£led  in,  1787  in 
b^der  to  defend  the  frontiers  of  Pennfyl- 
vania from  the  depredations  of  the 
neighbouring  Indians.  It  is  feated  on 
the  S.  W.  bank  of  Alleghany  R.  oppo- 
£te  the  mouth  of  French  creek.  N. 
Iat.  41.  I,  40.  W.  long.  79.  41 }  51 
miles  S.  S.  E.  of  Prelque  lie,  and  63 
northward  of  Pittfburo;. 

Franklin  Co.    the  north-weftem- 

mott  in  Vermont,  bounded  N.  by  Lower 

Canada,  and  W.  by  lake  Champlain. 

Jt  was  lately  taken  ^rom  Chittenden  co. 

.  and  contains  ao  townfhips. 

Fran  UN  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  bound- 
ed N.  by  Mifflin,  N.  E.  by  Cumberland, 
E.by  Voik,  S.  byWa(hingt^nco.  in  Ma- 
ryi-md;  W.  by  Bcdlutd  co.  snd  N.  W. 


F  R  A"  f^j 

bjr  Hunterdon.  It  !•  computed  to  con*f 
tain  800  fqtiaiT  nil«k,Tqual  to  $ia,ootf' 
acres.  It  lies  chiefly  between  th«  N* 
and  S.  Mountains,  and  comprehmdi 
the  middle  part  of  the  beautiful  and 
rich  valLy  of  Connegocheaffuc  |  which 
ii  waterea  by  the  creek  of  tta  name, 
which  falli  into  Potowtnack  at  William** 
Port  in  Marylaml.  This  county  exhi- 
bits a  moil  luxurious  landfcipe  in  fum* 
mer,  from  the  top  of  South  Mountain. 
Iron  ore  is  found  here  fufiicient  already 
to  fumifli  work  for  a  furnace  and  forge. 
The  county  is  divided  into  11  town- 
fliips,  which  contain  15,655  inhabitants^ 
of  whom  330  are  flavea. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Kentucky.is  bound- 
ed N.  by  Scott  CO.  N.  W.  and  W.  by. 
Shelby,  S.  E.  by  Fayette,  and  8.  by 
Woodford.     Chief  town,  Frankfort. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Halifiuc  diftriA,  U. 
Caitilina,  contains  7559  inhabitants,  of 
whom  1717  are  flaves.  It  is  bounded 
N.  by  Greenville,  S.  by  Johnfton,  N. 
E.  by  Warren,  S.  W.  by  Wake,  and  W, 
byOrange  co.  Chief  town,  Louifl}tn-g. 
Franklin  C0.  in  Virginia,  is  boundi- 
ed  N.  by  Bedford,  N.  W.  by  Botetourt, 
W.  by  Montgomery,  S.  W.  by  Henry, 
S.  by  Patrick,  and  E.  by  Campbell  co. 
It  is  about  40  miles  long,  and  25  brdad, 
and  contains  684s  inhaoitantM,  includ- 
ing 1073  flaves.  A  range  of  the  AHe- 
giiany  Mountains  pafles  through  it  on 
theN.  W.  It  is  confequently  hilly  in 
general. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Georgia,  is  fituat- 
ed  in  the  Upper  Diftri^t,  boimded  £ . 
and  N.  E.  by  Tugulo  K.  which  fepa- 
rates  it  irom  the  ftate  of  S.  Carolina  ; 
W.  and  S.  W.  by  the  country  of  the 
Cherokees ;  S.  by  the  head  branches  of 
Broad  R.  and  S,  E.  by  Elbert  co.  It 
contains  1041  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1 56. are  Haves.  The  c^urt-houfe  is  17 
miles  from  Hatton's  Ford  on  Tugulo 
R.  8  5  from  Elberton,  and  77  h'om 
Walhington. 

Franklin-College,  See£<i»c<7/7rw, 
in  Pennfylvania. 

Frankmn,  a  townfljip  in  NovfoUt 
CO.  MaflTachulctts  J  taken  flcm  Wren- 
tham,  and  incorporated  in  1778,  and 
contains  17,000  acres  of  land.  It  ha» 
not  inhabiranrs;  is  boiimled  N.  by 
Charles  R.  which  fepai-ates  it  fr  m 
Medway,  and  lies  30  miles  S.  of  Bor<< 
ton. 

Franhlik,  a  fmali  iile  at  the  mouth 

ox 


•r  81.  Omv|«*«  R.   In  Lincoln  c«. 
MUmj  4  kigvM  ibmhironf  of  Tko- 


FftAMKtiM  »a  um  towrhfliip  in  fovtch. 
•Ts  CO.  New.york.  By  the  Aitt  cmfiM  of 
1796,  it  appewra  then  ure  sio  of  iti  in- 
Iwbttant*  qualifiod  to  b«eleAori.<— Alio, 
a  new  townihip  in  Delaware  Munty»  of 
wbofe  inhabitMtt  s  39  are  claRoiti  It 
Ilea  S.  W.  from,  and  boidarl  ob  klar> 

r field*  and  its  W.  line  nini  along  the 
eaftcra  hank  of  Snlqudianhah  R., 
This  town  was  divided  by  an  aft  of  the' 
X^ttiilature,  1797. 

FkAMKUN,a  townflupinWeftmorc- 
land  CO.  Fennfylvania.~-Airo,  3  others 
in  the  Sum  ftate,  via.  in  Y«k  o>.  Fa- 
yette «•  r "  ?  'r  'yult'ngton  to, 

Franklin,  a  towniliip,  the  noxth- 
cftimoft  in  Mcw-London  co.  Conncfti- 
cu»,  6  miles  N.  W.  of  Norwich.  It 
containa  above  sooo  inhabitants,  who 
aic  chiefly  wealthy  farmers, 

Frankstown,  a  townihip  in  Hun. 
tlngdon  CO.  Pennfylvania.  (ituated  on 
the  Frankftown  branch  of  Juniatta  R. 
so  miles  W.  of  Huntingdon. 

FAAYLii,  an  ifland  near  the  coaft  of 
Mew-Andalufia,  Terra  Fimvt. 

Fraylis,  I<os,  a  clump  of  rooks 
which  rile  above  water  on  the  8.  fide  of 
the  JQand  of  St.  Somingo,  4  leagues  N. 
W.  of  the  ifland  of  Beate,  nearly  op- 
Bofite  the  idea  called  the  Seven  Brothers, 
in  the  bay  of  Monte  Chiift,  on  the  N. 
ikle  of  the  ifland.  Thefe  rocks  are  alfo 
called  the  Brothers  or  Monks.  The 
rapidly  of  the  currents  renders  this 
{lart  of  the  coaft  very  dangerous. 

Frbdbrica,  a  village  in  Kent  eo. 
ftate  of  Delaware,  fituatcd  between  the 
two  main  branches  of  Mother  Kill,  a 
ftream  which  falls  into  Delaware  7  miles 
from  the  town,  and  3  S.  £.  of  James's 
creek,  which  lei«ds  up  to  Dover.  It 
teontainl  about  40  houifis,  and  lies  11 
ntilea  E.  of  Dover,  and  VS  fipom  Phila- 
delphia. 

Frbdbrica,  a  town  of  Glynn  co.  in 
Georgia,  is  fituatcd  on  St.  Simon's 
iflamC  in  a  very  pleafant  fituation,  and 
was  built  by  gen.  Oglethorpe.  The 
fbrtrefs  was  beautiful  and  regular,  but 
if  now  in  ruins.  The  town  contains 
but  few  houfes,  which  ftand  on  an 
eminence,  upon  a  branch  of  Alatamaha 
river,  which  walhes  the  W.  fide  of  this 
agreeable  ifland,  and  forms  a  bay  befort; 
t£e  town,  affimling  a  lafe  and  commodi- 


FRB 

otti  liti^oiir  for  veflida  of  tht  bndl  bor^ 
den,  which  may  lie  along  the  wmuf.  It' 
was  Atllcd  by  f^mc  Scotch  bighfamders« 
about  the ytfr  I7S5,  who  nieceptcd  of 
an  cflabUflmNnt  bo^  hdre  and  at  D»- 
rien,  to  dciirad  the  cokmy,  if  needfbli 
againft  thf  neiglibouring  Sjpaniards.  N^ 
ht.  $1. 15'.  W.  long.  tOr 

FrbdbrIck  €t.  in  Maiybnd,  if 
bounded  N.  by  PenhfVlvania,  W.  and 
N:  W.  W  Walhin^ton,  E.  by  Balti- 
mora,  and  8.  iV.  by  Potowmack  R* 
On  thb  Manocacy  river  anU  its  branchea 
are  about  37  grift-mills,  a  furnace,  iroii 
forge,  and  a  glafa  manufaftory,  called 
the  Etna  aMk  worke,  which  are  ill 
a  thriving  ftate.  This  couhty  is  aboqt 
30  miles  each  way,  reckoning  from  tha 
extreme  ^irts.  The  Coto£iiny  Moun- 
tain extends  from  the  FotoWmack  in  t 
N.  dire£Kon  throtigh  this  county  intd 
Pennfylvania,  between  the  South  Moun- 
tain and  Monooacy  Creek )  the  eafteni 
parts  ai«  generally  level.  It  containi 
30,791  inhabitants,  including  3641 
flavev.    Chief  tovim,  Fredericktown. 

Frbdbrick  Co,  in  Virginia,  is  bound« 
ed  N.  by  Berkiey,  S.  by  Shanandoaht^ 
W.  by  JIampfltire,  and  £.  by  Shanan- 
doah  R.  which  feparates  it  from  Lou- 
don CO.  It  is  30  miles  in  length,  and 
so  in  breadth,  and  conuins  19,6^1  in- 
habitants, of  whom  4150  an*  ilavcs. 
Iron  OK  is  found  here  in  great  plenty  | 
and  works  have  been  ere£led  which  pro^ 
dttce  160  tons  of  bar  iron,  and  650  tons 
of  pig,  annually.  In  i  year  300  tons  of 
bar  iron  were  manufiiAured.  Pots  an(t 
other  utenfils,  caft  thinner  than  ufual  of 
this  iron,  may  be  fafely  thrown  into  or 
out  of  the  w^urgon,  in  which  they  are 
tranfported.  B^'a  this  and  Berkley  cox 
has  a  good  foil.  Between  the  watei-s  of 
Opeckan  creek  and  the  Shanandoah  it 
the  richeft  limeftone  land  in  the  eaftem 
parts  t^f  the  ftate. 

Near  the  North  Mountain  in  tliia 
county  is  a  curious  cave,  by  fome  called 
Zanefs  Cave,  Its  entrance  is  on  the 
top  of  an  extepfive  ridge.  You  defcend 
30  or  40  fixt  as  into  a  well,  from  whence 
the  cave  then  extends,  nearly  horizon- 
tally, 400  feet  into  the  earth,  prefervinj^ 
a  breadth  of  from  lo  to  50  feet,  and  A 
height  of  from  5  to  1*  feet;  After  eli- 
tertng  this  cave  a  few  feet,  the  mercu^ 
ry,  wbichy  in  the  open  air,  was  at  56^ 
roieto  57  OfTaHrenneit's  thermometeri 
Ailcir  thit  may  be  added  the  Natural 

Well 


^: 


FI  O 

It  i«  iaU  to  U  a  rich  and  npiliulT 
^Ut  eity»  and  a  bifliop*t  fte.  Baud- 
raad  mt»t*  '**  •  leaguM  from  the  river. 
It  it  alfo  called  <%aftta  ft  dc  Grenada  | 
hyotheti  Ne«r.Me»ico.  N.  bt.  3<. 
W.  long.  104. 

F»t  SANTA}  a  city  of  ParajEuay»  8. 
America,  mo  leagues  8.  by  §.  vV*  of 
the  city  of  Affuniptioo.  The  inhaUt- 
^ta  are  chiefly  employed  in  huibandry, 
ffraiingi  and  weaving  cloth.  They  fm 
their  praduAiohf  aM  manufiiAurea  to 
good  pi«  3t  in  Braail.  From  hracc  is 
a  road  to  Potoli  in  peru,  and  to  Corbu- 
da  in  Tucumana  i  which  being  ea(y  and 
{convenient}  is  very  advanti^eovi  to  this 
place*  the  diftance  not  being  above 
350  leagues.  It  ftands  on  the  yf»  fide 
of  Paraguay  river.  8t  lat.  30.  45.  W. 
lonff.  tfo.  4.0. 

Felipe,  Y  Samt-Yaoo,  a  large 
bay  on  the  N.  fide  of  the  ifland  Bfpiritu 
Santo.  See  Turra  4H/ral  dtl  B^ritu 
Santo, 

'  Felix,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
ocean,  N.  I^.  W.  of  Juan  Femandes, 
and  due  weft  of  Copiapo,  in  S.  Ameri- 
ca. S.  lar.  16.  W.  long,  from  Paris  S). 

Fell's  Pejjsf.    Set  Batthmrf. 

Fbh,  Point  av,  on  the  W.  coaft 
of  lake  Champlain,  lies  in  Clinton  co. 
ifiearly  5  milts  8.  of  the  divifion  line  be- 
tween New -York  and  Lower  Canada, 
and  as  miles  8.  of  St.  John's.  The 
Britifb  occupied  a  baiTack  here,  fumifli- 
cd  with  one  field  piece,  a  few  men,  and 
a  fuhalteni  officer.  ]t  has  been  given 
yp  according  to  treaty. 

Ferdinand Naronka,  aniflandon 
the  coaft  of  BraiiJ,  South  America,  lies 
in  S.  lat.  3.  56.  W.  lone.  3a.43. 
'   FcRMANAGiti,  a  townflup  in  Mifflin 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Ferrisbvrgh,  atownOiipin  Addi- 
fon  CO.  Vermont,  on  lake  Champlain. 
It  contains  481  inhabitants.  Otter 
creek.  Little  Otter  and  Lewis's  creeks 
fall  into  the  iake  here.  The  mouth  of 
Otter  creek  lies  in  N.  lat.  44. .  1 1.  45. 
W.  long.  73.  9.  47, 

F1DLBR8  Mlbawt  a  bend  of  Wood 
creek,  between  the  outlet  of  South  bay 
and  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  at  the 
northern  end  of  lake  Champlain,  oppo- 
fite  the  mouth  of  Eaft  bay.  The  mouth 
of  Wood  creek  lies  m  N.  lat.  43.  3a. 
W.  long.  73.  15.  11. 

FiOTRBB  Bay,  lies  on  the  S.  W, 
,^(lteoftheUIand9fSt,  Chrifto|>hers,  in 


FIS  Jif 

the  Wcfk-Indlcfl,  at  the  hcM  of  «Udh 
ftands  Sandy-fort  town.  Tha  bay  ia  A» 
cured  by  a  ton  on  each  fide. 

FiNCAsTLi,  a  pol^town  in  Viifiali^ 
and  capital  of  Bottftourt  00.  fitrntad  «a 
the  E.  fide  of  Catabanr  cradt,.  a  flnaB 
ftrcam  which  Ml%  into  Jaawa  R.  «■ 
the  W.  fide  of  the  North  Monntain. 
Hera  are  about  50  houfcs,  acourt-hoofh 
and  gad.  It  liaa  on  the  poft  road  fixm 
Richmond  to  Kentackv»  36  miles  ealU 
eriy  of  Lexington,  ana  19a  W.  by  N. 
of  Richmond. 

FiNOLEY,  a  townfltip  in  WafliingtM 
so.  Pennfylvania. 

F"<HiRsriBLD,  a  townfliip  in  Hilir- 
boroiiffh  CO.  Ncw-Hampftiire,  incorpo- 
rated m  1763,  containing  331  inhabit- 
ants. Sunapeepond  lies  partly  heret 
and  in  the  townmip  of  Wendel.  It  ia 
about  16  miles  eafterly  of  Charlc|l< 
ftown. 

FiSHBR's  f/tami^  in  Lonp^-Ifland 
found,  lies  oppofite  to  Groton  m  Con- 
neAicut,  is  abovt  10  mites  in  lanffth 
and  a  in  breadth,  having  a  light  loU» 
favourable  for  raifmgfheep.  Itproducea 
alfo  wheat  and  other  grain.  It  is  an- 
nexed to  the  townfliip  of  SouthhoM,  ua 
Suffolk  CO.  on  Long- Ifland.     . 

Fishing  Bay,  in  Maryland,  lies  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay,  partly  in 
Dorchftfter  and  Somerfet  countiea.  It 
receives  feveral  rivers  from  each  coun- 
ty, the  chief  of  which  are  Wicomico, 
Nanticokc}  alfo  Tranfquakmg  and 
Blackwater  creeks*  The  entrance  into 
this  large  bay  liea between  Goldfborough 
and  Devil's  iflands. 

Fishing  Bty,  on  the  S.  fide  of  lakt 
Ontario,  is  about  37  miles  E.  of  Fort 
Niagara. 

Fisning-Crbbr,  a  townfliip  on  Suf- 
quehannah  river,  inPennfylvania.  Sea 
NortbumberlandCo. 

FisHKiLL,  a  poft  town  in  Dutchefi 
CO.  New. York,  5milesE.ofHudfonR. 
on  Fiflikill  or  creek,  at  the  fbot  of  the 
Highlands,  which  rife  S.  ofitj  c<mtain- 
ing  about  30  houfes,  a  church  for  Epif. 
copalians',  and  one  for  Low  Dutch. 
The  townfliip  is  very  extenfive,  and 
contained,  in  1790,  5941  inhabitants, 
(rf'whom  60T  were  (laves.  It  lies  14 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Poughkeepfie,  x}ppo- 
fite  Newburgh,  ami  66  N.  of  New- York 
city.  There  are  a  few  houfes  only  at 
the  Landing,  on  the  margin  of  the  nver* 

Fish  Ktllt  ac  Cruk,  on  which  the 

town 


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Photographic 

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Corporation 


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ThA 

^leferibed  (in.\iti  tnil'  ftoih 
wlikK  it  derives  its  name,  is  finally  mA 
«n{>ttct  into  Hndfon  R.  about  a  mile 
]Mow  iriie  Lahdinff,  and  nearly  oppofite 
MeW.Windior. 

Alio,  tlie  name  of  a  fmxll  ftream 
which  nmsS.  W.:  into  Oneida  Lake. 

Ifikcwife,  aftnam  whieh' riOa  from 
Saratoga  lalie,  and  tvM  6  miks  -eafteriy 
to  the  Hudfiw.  It»  mouth  is  oppofite 
Bttten  kill,  a  miles  above  Saratoga 
tMmi  and  on  theN.  fide  of  which  Gen. 
Bui-goyne's  army  laid  down  their  arms 
M^prilMiers. 

FiTCHtvRGH,  a  p(^  town  of  Maf. 
fiwilidfetts,  Worccftcrco.a}  miles  N.  of 
Worecfter,  xi  from  Concotd,  and  41 
N.W.offiofton.  It  lias  1151  inha- 
binmts. 

FlTZWiLLiAM,atowQdiip  inChefltire 
CO,  New- Hampshire,  about  16  miles 
£.  of  Connedlicut  R.  and  feparated  from 
Roj^ilfton  ih  Wordkfter  co.  Maflachu- 
icttSii  by  the  fttte  line,    it  was  incor- 

Kitcd  in  1773,  end  contains  1038  in- 
itants. 

jFINs  Ftrit  }•  fituated  185  miles  W. 
S.  W.  of  Winnipeg  lake,  N.  lat.  49. 
4*.  W.Jong.  101. 

Flambokough,  a  faAory  of  the 
Hudfiih  bav  company,  on  the  S.  we^ern 
^eof  Hudlbnbay. 

FbATBUtH,  the  chief  town  of  King's 
ccb  Long-Ifland,  New. York.  It  is  a 
pleafant  and  healthy  town,  fituated  on  a 
linall  bay  which  opens  £.  from  New. 
York  harbour,  and  is  s  miles  S.  by  E. 
from  New- York  city.  It  contains  a 
namher  of  dwelling  houies,  moftiy  in 
oiie'ftpKt}  miihy  of  whi  'i  are  elegant 
and  commodious.  The  inhabitants  are 
chiefly  of  Dutch  extra£iion.  It  con- 
tairts  941' inhabitants,  of  wliom  107  are 
qtialified  ele£l(N-s,  and  '78  sre  flaws. 
The  produ£l!ons  are  various  kinds  of 
fruit,  vegetables,  grain.  Sec.  which  find 
a  ready  market  U:  the  metropolis.  Tlic 
land  lies  low  ;  and  in  fumrot-r  the  whole 
townfhip  appears  like  an  extenfive  gar- 
den.  The  public  buildings  are  a 
JDutch  church,  a  court-houfe,  and  an 
academy*  called  Erafmus  Hall,  the 
moft  flourifhing  of  all  the  academies  in 
the  Ante.  It  is  in  a.pUal'ant  and  heallh- 
ful  ikuation,  4  miles  from  Brookline 
fcny. 

A  bloody  battle  was  fought  near  this 
town  on  the  »7th  of  Auguft,  1776, 
when  the  Americanc  were  defeated  by 


the  Witifh  with  grtat  fofs.  The  iK 
m<L.As  of  the  American  army  retreated 
to  New^York  under  the  cover  of  a  thick 
fog. 

.  Flatlands,  a  fmall  townfh^  in 
King's  CO.  Long-Ifiand,  djilVuit  from 
New- York  city  6  or  7  miles.  It  con- 
tains 423  inhabitants,  of  whom  44  aie 
qnalified  to  be  eledors,and  1 37  aredaves. 
FlaY  Rtck,  is  .an  expaiUBve,  clear, 
flat  rock,  but  a  little  above  the  furfacc 
pf  the  ground,  and  near  the  banks  of  a 
delightful  tivulet  of  excellent  wairr, 
which  is  one  of  the  head  branches  of 
Great  C^gcecheeR.  In  Georgia.  'This 
is  a  common  -rendezvous  or  camping 
place  for  traderaandlndians. 

Flattery,  Cape,  fo  named  by 
captain  Cook,  on  accmmt  of  its  promif* 
ing  at  a  diftance  what  it.  denied  on  a 
nearer  apmroach.  Lat.  4S..  15.  k>ng. 
13  5.  30.  E.  This  cape,  capta  n  Ingra- 
hain  of  Bofton,  found  to  be  tlie  S.  fide 
of  the  entrance  of  the  ftraits  of  Juan  d« 
Fuca.  N.  lat.  4S.  aj.  W.  long.  114. 
51.    See  Fuca, 

Fleminqton,  a  fmall  poft  town  of 
,New-Jerf«y,  in  Hunterdon  co.  lies  about 
6  miles  N.  eat) ward  of  Amwell  on  Del- 
aware  R.  »j  N,  N.  W.  of  Trenton,  9 
S.  of  Pittftown,  and  53  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Philadelphia.  '  Itcontains  about  adoz- 
en  c6inp»£l  houfes.  '  - 

FLkTCHBR,  a  townfhip  in  Franklin 
CO.  Vern)ont,  containing  only  47  inhab* 
itanta.  It  has  Cambridge  on  the  $.  £. 
and  Georgia  W. 

Flint  Rivera  a  confiderable  river  of 
Georgia,  which  riiies  in  the  country  of 
the  Creek  Indians,  and  running  a  S. 
and  thence  a  S.  W.  courfe,  join$  the 
Appalachicoia,  at  its  entrance  into  Flo. 
rida.  The  Flint  is  about  30  rods  wide, 
and  from  1  x  to  15  feet  deep  in  fummer, 
and  has  a  gentle  cuirent.  The  terri. 
tory  lying  on^  this  river,  efpecnlly  on 
the  upper  part  of  it,  prelents  every  ap- 
pearance of  a  delightful  and  fruitful  re- 
gion in  iome  future  day }  it  being(.a  rich 
foil,  and  exceedingly  well  fituated  for 
every  branch  of  agriculture,  and  off>.i's 
an  uninterrupted  navigation  to  tl\e  bay 
of  Mexico,  and  Atlantic  osean,  and 
thence  to  the  Weft  India  iflaiuls  and 
over  the  whol^  world.  There  are  a 
number  of  villages  of  Creek  Indiaiiit  00 
this  river.  vn^ '     ; 

Flint,  a  fmall  river,  about  aS  miles 
long,  in  iki  GcDcflce  country,  in  Ncvht 

York, 


on 


rich 

for 

bay 

anu 

and 

re  a 

s  on 


W  I^  o 

York  I  Which  runt  N.  K*  E.  into  Caoaa. 
darqua  cr?ek. 

Flint8ton>  a  nhuitatiott  in  Cum*' 
berlaiMl  co.  Mainey  liaving  i8o  inhfibit- 
ant«.  It  has  one  eminence  in  it  calle^ 
Saddle- Back  mountain,  but  the  coun- 
try in  general  it  level  enough  for.  culti- 
vation. One  half  of  it  it  covered  with 
pine  and  white  oak. 

Floridai  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co. 
New- York »  6  or  &mUet  S.  of  Goflien, 
and  50  N.  W,  of  New- York  city.  377 
of  itt  inbabitantt  are  qualified  to  be 
ek^ort.  It  h&s  been  lately  incorpo- 
rated. 

Florida,  Eqfi  and  Wt/f,  belonging 
to  Spain,  fituated  between,*  5  and  31 
N.  lat.  and  between  80.  and  91.  W. 
long,  about  600  milet  in  length.  Itt 
breadth  it  various }  the  broadeft  part 
of  \Veft  Florida  is  about  130  miles, 
while  the  narrow  peninl'ula  of  Eaft  Flo- 
rida extendi,  in  the  fame  direction, 
from  S.  to  N.  400  miles.  It  it  bounded 
N.  by  Georgia,  S.  by  the  gulf  of  Mexi- 
co, E.  by  the  Atlantic  ocean,  and  W. 
by  the  Miflifippi,  which  feparates  it 
from  Louifiana,  and  U  nearljr  of  the 
form  of  the  letter  L.  Among  its  rivers 
that  fail  into  the  Atlantic,  St.  John's 
and  Indian  rivers  are  the  chief.  Segua- 
na,  Appalachicola,  Chatahatchi,  El'cam- 
bia.  Mobile,  Pafcagoula  and  Pearl  rivers 
all  rife  in  Georgia,  and  run  foutherly 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico.     The  princi  • 

Kal  bays  are  St,  Bernard's,  Aicendon, 
tobile,  Penfacola,  Dauphin,  Jofeph, 
Apalachy,  Spiritu  Sanfto}  and  the  chief 
capes  are  Blanco,  St.  Blaize,  Andotte, 
and  capo  Florida  at  the  extremity  of 
the  peninfula.  The  climate  is  little 
difFeivnt  from  that  of  Georgia.  There 
are,  in  this  country,  a  great  variety  of 
foils  {  the  e^ftern  part  of  it,  neai'  to,  and 
about  St.  AuguiUne,  is  by  far  the  moft 
unfruitful;  yet  even  there,  two  crops 
of  Indian  corn  are  annually  produced. 
The  banks  of  the  rivers  which  water  th^ 
Floridas,  and  the  parts  contiguous,  are 
of  a  Aiperior  quality,  and  well  adapted 
to  the  culture  of  rice  and  corn.  The 
fine  land*  near  the  river  Efcambia,  are 
df  fcribed  under  the  account  of  that  R. 
The  interior  country,  which  is  high 
and  pleafant,  abounds  with  wood  of 
almolt  every  kind ;  particularly  white 
and  red  oak,  live  oak,  laurel  magnolia, 
pine,  hickory,  cypreft,  red  and  white 
(cdar.    T^t  Uve  oakt,  though  nqt  tall, 


FLO  171 . 

eoiitaiht  prodBgioot  quantity  of  ^tibar. 
The  tnmk  it  generally  fron  %%  Db  4Mk 
feiet  in  circumfeNAce,  awbifet  ao  or  ii 
feet  finom  the  e«nh«  aiki  thru  brant^hc*' 
into  4  or  5  great  Umbo,  which  gmwri* 
nearly  a  horiaoatal  dinfkieiu  tannit^ 
a  gentle  curve.  **  I  have  ftepped  finw 
Bartnun,  "above 50pacet,onaftrai^ 
line,  from  the  trank  of  one  of  ttefe 
trees  to  the  extremity  uf  the  limbs.** 
They  are  ever  green,  and  the  «raodal« 
moft  incorruptible.  They  bear  a  grtat 
quantity  of  finall  ajcomt,  which  it  agree- 
able food  when  roafted,  and  frnm  whick 
the  Indiana  extraft  a  fweet  oil,  which 
thrv  ufe'in  cooking  hominv  and  rice. 

The  laurel  magnesia  it  the  moft  beau, 
tifol  among  the  treet  of  thefotel^f  and 
itufuaily  100  feet  high,  though  foBi# 
are  much  higher.  The  trunk  it  per- 
feQlyered,  rifinginthe  form  of  a  beau, 
tiful  column,  and  fupporting  a  head  like 
an  obtufe  cone.  The  flowers,  whicbi 
are  on  the  extremity  of  .the  branches* 
are  large,  white  and  expanded  like  a  taSe, 
and  are  the  largeft  and  moft  complete 
ofany  yet  known ;  when  folly  expanded, 
they  are  from  6  to  9  inchet  diameter,' 
and  have  a  moft  delicioua  fragrance. 
The  cypreft  it  the  largeft  of  the  Ame- 
rican treet.  *'  I  have  feen  trunks  of 
thefe  treet,"  fayt  Bartramj  "thatwouUr 
meafure  8,  10  and  it  feet  in  diamete^, 
for  40  and  50  feet  fliaft,"  The  trunk* 
make  excellent  Ihinglet,  boards,  and 
other  timber;. and wheohollowed)  make 
durable  and  convenient  canoet.  The 
garden  vegetables  are  in  high  pertieAion  f 
the  orange  and  lemon  trees  grow  herCf 
without  cultivation,  to  a  large  fite,  and 
produce  better  fruit  than  in  Spain  and 
Portugal.  The  intervales  between  the 
hilly  parttof  tbisc  untry  are  extremely 
rich.  The  principal  town  in  Weft 
Florida  it  Peni'acola ;  in  Eaft  Florida,' 
St.  Auguftine. 

The  Spanifh  ftrength  in  the  Floridat, 
and  Louifiana,  in  1790,  wasaifoUowt, 
according  to  Mr.  Melford's  account  »- 
Troops  and  leviet  at  St.  Auguftine  and 
o|i  St.  John's  river,  400— St.  Maik's,. 
loo— Penfacola,  3  jo—Mobile  and  Tom-, 
bigbee,  1 3O— at  the  Natchez,  loe— Red 
river,  100— Illinios. liver,  300— in  all 
1600  men,  called  the  Orleans  or  Loui- 
tiana  Regiment. 

The  number  of  American  familiea. 
that  have  been  Spanifli  i\ibje£t«  fince 
17831  ainounti  to  1 7  ao,  viz.  at  Teniau» 

near 


wm^tMk  bqF»  9*  'Ml  Torobigfcw 
i|»i»tt  tiM  M»tdws  on  the 
ifM.  AU  iIm  Attkr»  in 
Mw  trndar  the  iwwMdittt 
of  the  aiUuurjf  •omnMndantv, 
«Mllbb)aft miMrtiallaw^  witk an tf- 
Ipl  fimit  l^ft  I*  ft«C»»«p  to  tfat  «ice- 
wrof  MHcica.  .Tbe  pi«peity  of  tiw 
SAj^Et  at  hk^  dteeaft  it  to  bt  muufcd 
hf  Iht  oMnnMndantt  whoiii  ftct*  by 

r  UmU  tht  VMur  15S6  titt  continent  of 
ihrtb-AoMriea  wont  bv  the  name  of 
yiocUa.    It  VNCtvad  tbi*  name  ftom 

rn  Ponee,  becaufr  when  he  landed  hi 
htt.  St.  t.  in  April  1513,  he  femid 
the  CBontiy  theie  in  foil  Uoom.  Flo. 
tfUs  ha»  fnquentljr  changed  mafta-i, 
belonging  alternately  to  tbe  Frencliand 
Spaniaida.  Wdk.rforida,  ai  tar  as  Per- 
Mo  R.  <!*••  owned  and  occafiied  bv 
Ae  Ffeaeh}  the  lemeinder*  and  all 
iM'f lQrida»  1^  the  Spaniarda*  previous 
tn  thekr  being  ceded  to  the  Britifb,  at 
the  peace  of  17(3 .  The  Britiih  divided 
thia  cowitry  into  E.  and  W.  Florida. 
Onrtoig  the  American  war,  both  the 
Roridas  were  rcdueed  by  the  Spanianls* 
and  naranteed  to  the  crown  of  Spain 
hf  the  definitive  treaty  of  17S3. 

Flomda,  C^pb,  the  ronthenmioft 
ttoinr  of  land  of  the  peninfula  of  Eaft. 
Fkirida.  It  is  100  miles  N.  of  the 
Mudl  of  Cuba.  N.  ht.  ^5.  to.  W. 
lMtt.te.no. 

FM»ftt»A  Kira>«r  M!er^Vlifa»/(, 
m  mmriitr  of  rocka  and  land  banks, 
bounded  W.  by  the  gulf  of  Mextce,  E. 
by-  that  of  Fionda.  Tbe  great  fand 
bonk  octeads  from  te  peninfiila  of 
Beik-Florida  hiward,  to  the  ^If  of 
Mexico,  in  the  tisrm  of  a  hook ;  its  W. 
pomt  is  divided  (torn  the  bank  called 
the  Dry  Tertttgas,  by  Tortuga  chjn- 

Florida,  Gxrvw  or,  is  the  channel 
between  the  peniWfiila  of  Florida  and 
the  Bahama  iOands,  N.  of  the  ifland 
ot  Cuba  I  and  through  which  the  Gulf 
Stream  finds  a  paflage,  and  runs  to  the 
If.  E.  along  the  American  eoaft.  See 
GuUStrtam  and  Miixic*- 

Flowbrtowm,  hi  Pennfylvania,  it 
a  GmA\  viMagenbout  i»  mile*  N.  of  Phi* 
Jadelphia,  in  Mentgomcrv  co. 

Floyd,  a  new  town&iip  in  Herke- 
Nwr  CO. 

FLvimHO,  ntewn  In  Q|)ccn**  co* 
yim»Yi»k,  fitnuad  m  the  NT  W.  yart 


FOE 

of  tong  Iflaad,  and  on  the  8.  fijTc  «if 
Hell  Gate  I  7  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Neww 
York  city.  U  contaiue  1607  hUiabi. 
tame }  of  whom  aio  are  qualified  elec- 
tors, and  340  are  flavet.  «  . 

F&vvANNA.    Ut  Jamff  Rknr, 

Flvvamiia,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N.  by  Alhcmarie,  N.  E.  by 
Louifa,  E.  bv  Goochland,  W.  by  Am- 
hertt^  and  S.  by  Fluvanna  or  James 
river,  which  divides  it  from  Btfckingi 
ham.  It  is  about  t*  miles  long,  and 
so  broad,  and  contains  3991  inhabit- 
tants,  including  14^6  flaves.  There  is 
girat  plenty  of  marble,  both  white  and 
variqjifUad,  with  blue,  red  and  purple 
veine,  found  here,  on  James  R.  at  the 
mouth  of  Rockfilh {.where  it  forms  9 
large  precipice,  overhanging  a  naviga- 
ble part  of  the  river. 

FocoY  Cafe,  on  the  N>  W.  eoaft  of 
N.  America,  is  fituated  on  the  8.  eaft- 
em  fide  of  the  penuilula  of  Ahfica,  and 
W.  ofKifhtaciaand. 

Foggy  I/tt  on  the  fame  fide  of  the 
ptninful»as  the  above,  lies  a  Ihort  wiw 
6.  byW.  of  Foggy  Cape. 

FoLLOwriBLO,  a  townfliip  in  Walb- 
ington  county,  Pennfylvania;  Eaft  and 
Weft  Fellowficld  are  alfo  ;wo  towndiips, 
in  Chefter  co.  Pemifylvania. 

FoNSBCA,  GvLF  OP,  lies  in.New«- 
Spain  on  the  Pacific  ocean,  40  miles  8. 
E.  of  tbe  tovMi  of  St.  Miguel,  and  about 
»9o  miles  N.- W.  of  Cape  Blanco,  on 
the  weAem  fide  of  the  gulph  of  Nicoya. 

FoNTAiNB,  Bellb,  a  fettlementin 
the  N.  W.  territory,  fituated  on  the  £. 
fide  of  the  MifiTtfippi,  about  18  miles  N. , 
of  St.  Phillips,  and  23  below  Cahokia. 

FoiiT,  or  Fonts,  Straits  db,  lie 
on  the  N.  W.  eoaft  of  N.  America,  m 
N.lat.  54.35.W.lang.  9.  55.  There  ia 
a  large  ifland  in  the  middle  of  the  en- 
trance. This  is  thought  to  be  the  fame 
ftrait  thai  De  Fonte,  a  Spanilh  admiral, 
difcovered  in  1640,  whofe  account  of 
it  has  been  long  treated  as  fabulous. 
It  luu  been  feen  by  captains  Ghiy  and 
Ingraham,  of  Boflon. 

FoiiAi'ONRS,  in  the  ifland  of  Gunra, 
and  eoaft  of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  are 
old  walls  of  Ibme  anpient  buiUing  in 
the  time  of  the  Yncas,  which  ferve  hei« 
as  light-Itoutes  for  the  fliipping  which 
fail  from  pal|ao  |o  Paita,  on  the  S.  Sea 
cpaft. 

FoMtTtit TON,  a  village  in BuHing. 
ton  CO.  NeW'Jer^i^fhkAlicsbetweca 

Ayerfta^ 


ttit 

V^ch  on  tht  lands  of  NAr.  Lewis.  It 
U  fomewhftt  larger  than  a  common 
well,  imd  rift*  k»  near  the  AirfiKe  of  the 
earth  aS  in  the  ndghhouHn^  artificial 
welU  I  and  it  of  a  d«pth|  at  yet  un- 
'knowh.  It  is  uftd  with  a  biielcet  and 
windhiil  i»  wi  'ordinary  well*  It  i«  Aid 
titere  it  a  current  in  it  tending  fdifibly 
downwards.    Chief  town,  Winchefter. 

Frbdbrick  Ho$ife,  a  trading  ftation 
in  Upper  Canada,  on  the  head  water  of 
Abbitibbe  river.  N.  lat.  4S.  3$.  W. 
long.  t*.  6, 

FRBDBaicic,  afort  in  Waffiinston  CO. 
Maryland,  fituated  on  the  N.  B.  bank 
of  Potowmack  K,*  near  the  S.  line  of 
Pennfylvania. 

FRE0BRICK,  a  townfliip  in''Montgo- 
meryco.  PennlyUania. 

Predbricic,  a  town  on  the  N.  fide  of 
Saflafrat  R.  in  Cecil  co.  Maryland, 
and  feparated  by  that  river  from  George 
Town  in  Kent  co.  It  lies  6  miles  8.  W. 
of  Warwick,  and  14.  E.  of  Grove  point 
»n  Chefapeak  bay.    N.  lat.  39.  %%.  30. 

Frbdericksburo,  a  poft  town  in 
Spotlylvania  co.  Virginia }  fituated  on 
the  S.  W.  bank  of  Rappahannock  river, 
I  to  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Chefapeaic 
bay.  It  is  an  incorporated  town,  and 
regularly  laid  out  into  feveral  ftreets. 
the  chief  of  .which  rans  parallel  with 
the  river,  and  in  all  contains  upwards 
•f  aoo  houfes,  two  tobacco  warehoufes, 
and  feveral  ftoresof  well  aflbrted  goods. 
Its  public  buildings  are  an  Epifcopal 
ahurch,  an  academy,  court-houft  and 
gaol.  It  is  a  place  of  confiderable  trade 
and  contains  utMutiooo  inhabitants,  of 
whom  587  are  ilaves.  A  forM  in  tliis 
neighbourhood  made  fome  time  ago,  a- 
bout  300  tons  of  Itar  iron  in  a  year, 
from  pigs  imported  from  Maryland.  It 
is  50  miles  S.  S.  >V.  of  Alexandria,  68 
N.  by  E.  of  Richmond,  loa  S.  W.  cf 
Baltimore,  and  105  S.  W.  of  Philtdel- 
pliia.  N.  lat.  38.  %%.  W,  long.  77. 36, 

Frederickstown,  a  townfliip  in 
Dutchefs  CO.  New- York,  which  con- 
tains  593%  inhabitants,  of  whom  188 
are  qualified  to  be  electors,  and  63  are 
flavc:). 

Frboerickton,  a  conTiderahle 
townfliip  in  the  province  of  New-Bi-unf- 
wick,  90  miles  up  St.  John's  R.  which 
i«  thus  far  navigable  tor  floops*  " 

Fredericktown,  a  poll  town  of 
Maryland,  and  capital  of  Fr^lerick  co. 
fiuatcd  <Mj  •bpth  Ticies  of  Ca«oU'$  creek, 


FRB  r77 

a  rmall  ftr«mi  thait  cmptifs  {nt»  Mono* 
cacyR.  over  wMoh  w»  two  brkms. 
The  ftraets  are  regukrly  Md  out,  tetir. 
feJUng  each  other  at  ririit  «%ln.  TBt 
dwellMg.hoales,  enicffy  of  ttrnm  mt 
b/kk,  are  abont  7«o  in  iiuinbcr»  maiMr 
of  Which  are  haiMlbm*  and  eommodN 
ous.  The  pQblk  edifices  ut,  one 
church  for  Prdbytcrians,  two  fer'Osar- 
man  Lutherans  uid  Catvinifta,  «ad  o6e 
for  Baptifts,  an  elegant  court«heaft,  • 
gaol,  and  a  brick  market-hoaie.  It  ia 
a  very  fiourifiiing  town,  and  has  cen<> 
fiderable  trade  with' the  baekenihtry. 
The  Etna  glafs  works  are  fituated  4 
miles  aboiw  the  town,  on  Tuflcarorn 
creek.  Fredericfctown  h  4.  miles  £.  of 
Cotoftin  mountain,  47  W.  tqF  N.  df 
Baltimore,  14  E.  of  Sharpibuig,  and 
148  S.  W.  by  W.  of  PhUadclpbia,  U, 
lat.  39.  a4. 

Freehold,  a  town  in  'Monmouth 
CO.  New- Jerfey,  1 5  miles  W.  Of  Shrewf^ 
burv,  and  10  S.  E.  by  S.  of  New-Bninfii' 
wick.  In  this  town  was  fiughtthe  ob- 
ftinate  battle  called  the  Monuiouth  bat- 
tle,ontlie  iSthof  June,  1778.  See  Moa» 
mouth.  There  is  an  academy  in  this 
town.  Freehold  contains  3785  inhabi- 
tants, of  wh.m  6*7  are  flares.  Sea 
Upper  FwMd. 

Freehold,  a  townfliip  in  Albany 
CO.  New- York,  containing  ilaa  inha- 
bitants,«f  whom  56a  are  qualified  ele6t- 
ors,  and  5  are  flaves.  . 

Freeport,  a  townfliip  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  diftri^l  of  Maine,  fituated  at 
the  head  of  Cafco  bay)  adjoining  to 
Durham  on  the  N*  E.  and  to  Noith 
Yarmcfuth  on  the  S.  W. )  about  10  miles 
N.  E.  of  Portland,  and  140  N.  by  E.  of 
Bolton.  It  was  incorporated  in  ijtff 
and  contains  1330  inhabitants.  V<r 

Free  stone-Gap,  a  place  fo  callM^ 
in  Tenneflee,  35  miles  from  HawkJn't 
court- houie,  and  35  from  Cumberland 
mountain. 

Freetown,  a  thriving  townfliip  in 
Briflol  CO.  Maflachufetts,  incorporated 
in  1683,  contain^  xioa  inhabitants,  and 
lies  50  miles  foutherly  of  Bofton. 

French,  a  fmall  river  in  Maflachu- 
Artts,  Itas  its  Iburce  in  a  fmall  pond,  on 
tlie  borders  of  Leiceiter  and  Spencer,  in 
Worcefter  co.  and  runs  through  Ox- 
fiird  and  joins  Quinebauge  riVcr,  in 
ThompCon  townfliip,  in  Connecticut, 
It  derives  its  name  from  the  French 
ProtcAaots,  who  obtained  a  i'ettlemcnc 

M  in 


17a  F  R  B 

in  dMiimlaf  Oxford*  >&cr,tlie  revo- 
catimsf  UwedJaofManti,  in  1O5. 

FftBNCH  Amirica.  The  only  part 
«f  the  contUient  which  the  Frencn  na> 
tMM  now  pofta,  U  the  dtftriA  or^ro- 
f  inct  of  CafBwe,  and  the  iflaud  of  the 
fiUM  name  on  ita  cosft*  to  S.  America. 

Kn  dit  Weft*  Indies  the  French  claim 
the  fMam'mg  iflandai  to  which  the  read- 
er is  refienmUiHr  a  particular  defcription  t 
Jf .  J)tmiMg§,  or  Htfpanida.  Gnadaioupti 
St.  Lucia,  7tkigt,  St.  iartbolmtw, 
B^fukh  vod  MarigalmUt. 

/7h«  French  were  among  the  laft  na- 
^ons  who  made  Settlements  in  the  W. 
&Kiics{  but  thev  made  ample  amends 
by  the  Tigou'  with  which  they  purAied 
Chenif  and  by  that  chain  of  judicious 
and  admirable  meaAires  which  they 
uiU  in  drawing  from  them  every  ad- 
vantage that  the  nature  of  the  climate 
would  yield,  And  in  contending  agaiiift 
the  difficulties  which  it  threw  in  their 
way.' 

r&BMCH  Broad,  a  navigable  river 
in  Tennefiee,  which  rifes  on  the  S.  £. 
fide  of  the  Great  Iron  and  Bald  moun- 
tains, in  N.  Carolina.  It  is  formed  by 
two  main  branches,  which  receive  feveral 
ftreams  in  their  courfe.  Thefe  unite 
about  58  miles  from  the  fource  of  the 
Nolachucky^  the ealtern  branch}  thence 
it  flows  vL  wefterly  about  *$  miles, 
aikl  joins  the  Holfton  1 1  miles  above 
Knoxviile,  and  is  400  or  500  yards  wide. 
The  navigation  of  this  branch  is  much 
interrupt^  by  rocks,  as  is  aifothe  Ten^ 
neflee  branch,  which  joins  the  main  river 
50  miles  below  this. 

A  hurgfi  cltv,  medicinal  fpririg,  faid 
to  be  efficacious  in  curing  many  dif- 
eafi:s,  has  been  lately  difcovered  on  the 
waters  of  this  river,  about  30  miles  in 
a  direft  line  from  its  mouth.  The  wa- 
ter is  fo  hot,  that  a  patient  at  firft  go- 
ing into  it  can  fcarcely  fupport  it. 
Nearer  the  mc^.h  of  the  rivc-r,  a  valu- 
able lead  mine  has  been  difcovered. 

French  Creek^  a  N.  weftem  water 
of  Alleghany  river,  into  which  it  .tails 
along  the  N.  fide  of  Fort  Franklin,  &o 
miles  N.  by  £.  of  Pittiburg.  It  affords 
the  neareft  paflage  to  lake  krte.  It  is 
navigable  with  fmall  boats  to  Le  Beuf, 
by  a  very  crooked  channel ;  the  portage 
thence  to  Prelque  Ifle,  from  an  adjoining 
peninfula,  is  1 5  miles.  This  is  the  ufu- 
al  route  from  Quebec  to  Oliio. 

French  lick,  in  Tenneflee»  is  the 


FRO 

name  of  a  fait  fpring*  Be«r  which  tht 
town  of  Nafliville  now  ftandf. 

FrbnchmanV  Bay,  lies  on  the  fis 
coaft  of  Lincoln  co.  Mainfi  apd  is  form* 
ed  by  Mount  Defert  ifland  on  the  wi^« 
ward,  and  the  peninfula  of  Ookiibo* 
-rough  town(htp  on  the  eaftward.— 
Round  Mount  Defert  i(l«ad  it  has  an 
inland  circular  communication  with 
Blue  Hill  bay. 

Frbdch  TowHt  in  Cecil  co.  Maiy. 
land,  lies  on  the  E.  fide  of  BIk  R.  a 
mile  S.  of  Elkton,  from  which  it  is  fi^ 
parated  by  Elk  creek.  Elk  i^rry  i«  6 
miles  below  this. 

Frsnbusb  Laht  a  large  colleftion 
of  water,  through  whith  St.  John*s  R. 
in  New-Brunfwick,  pafles.  In  ibme 
maps  this  appears  only  as  a  dilation  of 
the  river  {  but  in  others  it  appears  as  a 
large  lake  of  veiy  irregular  figure,  and 
receiving  confiderable  ftreams  Itom  the 
circumjacent  country. 

Fribdburg,  a  Moravian  fettlement 
in  W.ichovia,  or  Suriyco.  N.  Carolina. 

Friedlano,  a  Moravian  fettlement 
in  Wachovia. 

Frisdensmubttbn,  a  Moravian 
fettlement,  whole  name  fignifies  Teiititf 
Ptacet  fituated  on  Stifquehannah  R.  in 
Pennfylvauia,  about  14  miles  below 
Tioga  point;  eftablilhed  by  the  United 
Bretmen  in~i765.  It  then  confifted  of 
13  Indian  huts,  and  upwards  of  40 
houfes,  built  after  the  European  man- 
ner, with  a  neat  chapel.  Next  to  the 
houfes  the  groupd  was  laid  out  in  gar- 
dens ;  and  between  the  fettlement  and 
the  river  about  250  acres  were  divided 
into  regular  plantations  of  Indian  com. 

Friedbnstadt,  or  TvwHtf  Peace, 
a  Moravian  fettlement  which  was  eftab- 
liflied  between  Great  Beaver  and  Yel- 
low creeks ;  about  40  miles  N.  W.  of 
Pittfburg.    It  was  abandoned  in  1773. 

FrobisherV  £/riit/f,  lie  a  little  to 
the  northward  of  Cape  Farewell  and 
Weft  Greenland,  and  were  difcovered 
by  Sir  Martin  Frobiflier.  N.  iBt.  63. 
W.  long.  41. 

FROG'i  Point  or  Neckt  in  Weft  Chef- 
ter  CO.  New.  York,  lies  on  the  coaft  of 
Long- Ifland  Sound,  9  miles  from  Har- 
laem  heii'hts. 

,  Fron'tinac,  fort,  a  fortrefs  in  Ca- 
nada, fituated  at  the  head  of  a  fine  bay 
or  harbour,  on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  the 
outlet  of  Lake  Ontario*  where  all  lbrt» 
of  yeflfelp  may  ridf  in  iaftty.    It  is  r 

league 


\ 


F  RY 

leMM  firom<liM  month  of  the  Mm^  mi 
a  OKNTt  diftanct  8.  ofKangftM,  and 
about  jeo  aulet  firora  Qgcbcc.  The 
winter  ahout  thi*  ^ace  it  mvch  iMrCer 
thu  at  Qgcbee  |  and  the  Teil  it  fo  w«U 
cultii^acedi  ait  to  produce  all  forts  of  Cu- 
ropen  aW  Indum  com,  and  fruita. 
Here  ia  oftt  of  the  mak  charming  prof- 
peAa  ia  the  world,  during  fpring  and 
lunmer.  The  St.  Lawrence  and  the 
mouth  of  Lake  Ontario,  contain  a  num- 
ber of  beautiful 'and  fertile  iflanda  t>f 
diffirrent  magnitudea,  and  well  wooded, 
and  the  bay  often  preftnta  t6  the  view 
VeflTela  at  anchor,  and  others  palling  to 
and  fh)m  the  lake.  But  the  miafertune 
it,  that  the  advantageoua .  communica* 
ijtton  between  thia  lake,  Montreal  and 
Quebet,  is  fooiewhat  difficult  and  dan- 
gerouay  tht  account  of  the  river  being 
niU  of  rocka  ^nd  water  falia.  This,  to- 
gether  with  the  ambufeadea  of  the  Iro- 
quoia  Indiana,  induced  the  French  to 
abandon  and  deftroy  the  ftrong  works 
they  had  erefted  heie.  Thia  happened' 
in  1689.  After  thia  they  re-took  and 
repaired  the  phce.  At  length  the  Bri- 
tim,  under  cc  r  Bradftreet,  took  it  in 
'759*  to  whom  it  was  confirmed  at  the 
peace  in  1763. 

A  riv«:r  has  lately  been  furveyed  by 
the  deputy  furveyor  general  of  Canada, 
from  its  entrance  into  the  lake  at  Kenty, 
near  Cadaraqui,  to  its  fource  in  lake  St. 
die  {  from  which  there  is  an  eafy  and 
fliort  portage  acrofs  N.  W.  to  the  N.  E. 
angle  of  Lake  Huron,  and  another 
that  Is  neither  long  nor  difficult,  to  the 
fouthward,  to  the  old  fettlement  of  To- 
ronto. This  IS  a  Ihort  route  from  Fort 
Frontenac  to  Michillimackinack.  See 
Kingflon, 

Frowsack  Cbatmel,  or  the  Gut  of 
Canfo,  a  ftrait  between  Nova«Scotia  and 
Cape  Breton  Ifland,  5  French  leagues 
lonj?,  and  one  broad. 

FRYDVpraiN,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Fryino-Pan,  a  dangerous  ihoal  fo 
called  from  its  form;  It  liea  at  thi.en- 
.  trance  of  Cape  Fear  R.  in  Morth-Caro- 
iina)  the  S.^part  of  it  (a  in  N.  lat.  33. 
31.  6  mHea  mm  Cape  Fear  pitch,  uid 
H  S>  E.  by  S.  from  the  light-houle  «on 
Bald  Head. 

Fft YstvROH,  or  Ftyhtrg,  a  townlhip 
pleafantly  fituated  in  York  co.  in  the 
diftrifl  of  Maine,  in  a  bow  formed  by 
the  N.  branch  «f  Gnat  Oifipec  R.    It 


WM  incovporated  in  1777,  haaa  flouridi- 
ing  academy,  and  con|ain8  447  inhabit- 
anta.  Thia  ia  the  ancient  Indian  vtt- 
lage  Peckwalket,  through  which  the  up- 
per part  of  8aeo  meanders )  6e  mikt 
from  the  fea,  and  f  to  N^  by  B..  of  Bof« 
ton.  N.  lat.  44.  a.  W.  long.  70.  47. 
30. 

FVCA,  SritAlTS  OV  JVAN  D|,  lie 
on  the  N.  W .  coaft  of  N.  America. 
The  entrance  Ilea  between  Cape  Flattcnr 
outheS.  fide,  in  N.  lat.  4S.  %$,  WW 
loi^.  it4.  5a.  to  the  oppofite  coaft  oCtha 
Quadras  ifles,  ioN.  lat.  48.  53.  30^  It 
communicates  with  Pintard'a  finmd,  and 
thua  forms  .Qjiadraa  idea  {  in  the  8» 
eaftcm  coaft  of  which  lies  Nootlui 
found.  See  Pintofd'i/Mml*  The  Spa. 
niards  jealoua  of  their  right  to  the  Ame- 
rican coaft,  eftabliihed  a  fettlenMOt  at 
this  place. 
FuKGO.  Set  Ttrra  del  FmM, 
Full  Moon  Shtal.  See  aattirmm 
FvNDY,  a  large  bay  in  Ni  America^ 
which  opena  between  tlie  iflanda  in  Pe- 
nobicot  bay,  in  Lincdn  co.  Mauie, 
.and  Gape  Sable,  the  S.  wefteni  point  ti 
,Nova-Scotia.  It  estenda  about  too 
milea  in  a  N.  E.  direAiou}  ai)d  with 
Verte  bay,  which  puihea  into  the  bind 
in  aS.  W.  direction  from  the  ftraita  of 
Northumberland,  ibrma  a  very  narrow 
ifthmua,  which  unitea  Nova-Scotia  to 
the  continent  {  and  where  the  divifion 
line  runs  between  that  province  and 
New-Brunfwick.  From  its  moyth  up 
to  PaflamaqUoddy  bay,  on  its  N.  W. 
fide,  fituated  between  the  province  of 
New-Brunfwick  and  the  diftria  of 
Maine,  are  a  number  of  bays  and  iflanda 
on  both  fides,  and  thus  far  it  contra£la 
its  breadth  gradually.  It  is  ii  leaguea 
acrofs  from  St.  John's,  in  New-Brunf-^ 
wick,  to  the  Gut  of  Annapolis,  in  Nova- 
Scotia  }  where  the  tides  are  rapid,  and 
rife  30  feet.  Above  this  it  prefervea 
nearly  an  equal  breadth,  until  its  wattera 
are  formed  into  two  arms,  by  a  penin« 
fula,  the  weftem  point  of  which  is  call, 
ed  Cape  ChigneAo.  -At  the  head  of  the 
N.  eauem  arm,  calloi  Chig»e£to  chan*. 
nel,  which,  with  bay  Verte  ^jrnis  the 
ifthmus,  the  tides  rife  60  feet.  In  the 
Bafin  of  Minas,  which  is  the  £•  ^im  or 
branch  of  tiiis  bay,  thM;tides  rife  40 
feet.  Thefe  tides  are  To  rapid  as  to 
overtake  animals  feeding  on  thc)fliore. 

FuNKSTOWN.     See  Jerufi^em^  ia 
Maryland* 
Ma  6ABAAOK, 


lf» 


O  At' 


GABAROM,  ft  bfty  on  the  6.  W.  of 
lotnftutgk  id  tM  ifland  of  Cipe 
BMtoa. 

Oabori,  a  bay  on  the  S.  E.  eoaft  of 
Capt  Bineton  iflanid.  The  entrance  imo 
it«  which  i«  not  mora  than  so  leagues 
horn  the  ifles  of  8t.  PiciTe»  it  between 
i^mle  ind  rocks  «bottt  a  league  in 
breadth.  The  bay  i«  •  leagues  decp» 
and  affiuds  good  anchorage* 

GABitiit,  8t.  an  ifland  in  the  great 
river  La  Plata,  S.  America,  difcovercd 
by  Sebaftuin  Cabor,  in  the  year  ijtC. 

Oachpas,  an  Indian  tribe,  formerly 
in  alliance  with  the  Deiawares. 

GAOB*i  TtwH,  a  Icttlement  in  8un> 
bury  CO.  New-BninTwick }  on  the  lands 
granted  to  general  Oace,  oh  the  W.  fide 
of  8c.  Jdhn's  R.  on  the  northern  fliore 
of  the  bay  of  Fuftdy.  The  general's 
grait  cohnfts  of  ao.ooo  acres  of  land  j 
the  ttp-land  of  which  is  in  general  very 
bad.  There  is.  fimie  intervale  on  the 
river  fide,  on  which  are  a  few  lettiers  { 
exchifive  of  thefe  fettlements,  there  is 
very  little  good  land  of  any  kind. 

OAtBN,  a  military  townfhip  in  the 
^c  of  New*  York,  fituated  on  Canada- 
que  creek,  is  miles  N.  W.  of  the  N. 
end  of  Cayuga  lake,  and  1 3  S.  by  E.  of 
Great  Sodus.  It  is  bounikd  S.  by  Ju- 
nius. 

Galetb,  an  ifland  at  the  E.  end  of 
lake  Ontario,  and  in  the  ftate  of  New- 
York,  5  miles  S.  weft  ward  of  Roebuck 
ifland,  5  northerly  of  Point  Gaverfe, 
and .':  f  S.  £.  of  Point  au  Ooelans. 

G  A  LETTS,  La,  a  neck  of  land  in  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  in  Canada.  From 
the  point  oupofite  to  i'ille  de  Montreal, 
a  road  migtit  be  made  to  Galefte,  fo  as 
to  iave  40  leagues  of  navigation,  which 
the  falls  render  almoft  impraAicable, 
and  always  very  tedious.  The  land 
about  La  Gaiette  is  very  good  {  and  in 
two  days  time  a  barque  may  fail  thence 
to  Niagara,  with  a:good  wind.  La  Ga- 
iette is  a  league  and  a  half  abpve  the 
fall  called  les  Galots. 

Galibis,  or  Cbaraibit,  a  nation  of 
Indians  inhaling  near  New-Andalu. 
ii.i,  in  3.  America;  from  which  the 
Gharaibes  of  tiie  Weft-Indies  are 
thought  tobe  defdended. 

Galicia,  anaudlcnc  inOldMexi- 


G  A  i; 

c*  or  New-Spain,  containing  7  provia* 
ces.    Guadnaxara  is  the  capital  city. 

Ga  LiVAUO  {Icr,  Ihenaraeoffcveral 
uninhabited  ifle*  in  the  South  Sea,  \wi 
both  fides  the  equator,  not  hati  from  the 
coaft  of  Terra  Firnia  t  bdonring  to 
Spain.  They  lie  between  ).  nT and  4. 
S.  lat.  and  between  13.  40.  and  ty.  so» 
W.  long.  There  are  only  9  of  them  of 
any  connderable  fixe  {  Tome  of  which  arc 
7  or  I  leacues  long,  and  3  or  4  broad. 
IMmpierfaw  14  or  15  of  them.  The 
chief  of  theft  are  Norfolk,  neareft  the 
continent,  WentnoreanMng  the  N.  weft- 
emmoft  imd  Albemarle  the  wcftemmuft 
of  all*  A  number  of  fmall  ifles  lie  W. 
from  theft,  on  both  fides  the  equator  i 
one  of  which,  Galiego  I.  lies  in  the  ift 
degree  of  N.  lat.  and  loa.  of  W.  lone. 
Many  of  theft  ifles  are  well  wooded, 
and  fofne  have  a  deep  black  mouM. 
Vaft  quantf  ^'es  of  the  fineft  turtle  are  to 
be  foiuid  among  theft  iflands,  where 
they  live  the  Kreateft  part  of  the  year  j 
yet  the)-  are  ftid  to  go  from  thence  over 
to  the  main  to  lay  their  eggs,  which  is 
at  leaft  100  leagues  diibnt. 

Gallan,  St.  a  Imail  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  in  lat.  14.  S.  ^  miles  N. 
of  the  high  land  Morro  Vttjo^  or  Old 
Man*s  Held ;  between  which  ifland  and 
the  hi^h  land,  is  a  moft  eligible  ftation 
to  cruize  for  vHTds  bound  for  Calla*, 
N.  or  S. 

Gau:  1^  ^OLis,  a  poft  town  in  the  N. 
W.  territory,  fituated  on  a  bend  of  the 
Ohio,  and  nearly  oppofite  to  the  mouth 
of  the  great  Kanhaway.  It  is  laid  to 
contain  about  100  houles,  all  inhabited 
by  French  people.  It  is  140  miles  edft- 
ward  of  Columbia,  300  S.  W.  of  Pittf- 
bure,  and  550  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 
N.  Tat.  39.  1.  W.  loitg.  83.  9.  i 

This  town  is  faid  to  be  on  the  de- 
cline, their  right  to  the  lands  not  being 
fufficiently  fecurtd . 

Galots,  the  Ibwrft  cr  the  falls  on 
the  river  St.  Lawrence  in  Canada.  Be- 
tween the  neck  of  land  la  Galeite  and 
les  Galots  is  an  excellent  countiy,  and 
no  where  can  there  be  ieen  finer  t<^rtlts. 

Galots,  L'lSLE'AVx,  an  ifland  in 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  Canada ;  3 
leagues  beycmd.  Tifle  aux  Chevres,  in 
N.  )at.  43.  33. 

GALLOf.an  ifland  in  the  province  of 
Popayan,  S.  America,  in  N.  lat.  a.  40. 
Captain  Dampier  lays  it  is  fituated  in  a 
def^iwy,  and  that  off  this  ifland  there 

is 


lilt  on 
Be. 
and 
and 
yrelts. 
ind  in 
Ja;  3 
es,  in 


GA9 

b  not  abev«  Aor  $  Athom  water  t  but 
at  SegnettSs  which  if  on  tfat  N.  fide*  • 
vdlel  mi^  rid«  in  deep  «aw.  free  from 
any  dan^.  Th«  iiund  is  high,  pro* 
vidcd  With  iRfOod  and  good  watcrt  and 
having  gqad  (andy  b*y>(  where  a  fliip 
may  Ite  deantd.-i-— Aui^  the  name  of 
an  ifland  of  the  8.  fca»  near  the  coaft  of 
Pcru»  which  wai  the  fii-ft  place  poOefled 
by  the  Spanianls»  when  they  attempted 
the  conqueft  of  Peru. 

Galloway*  atownlhip  in  Gloucef- 
ter  CO.  New-Jerflsy. 

Galway,  a  townfliip  in  the  new 
county  of  Saratoga,  in  New*  York.  By 
the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  it  appears  that 
491  of  ita  inhabitants  are  qualified  to  be 
ck'ftors. 

Gamblk*/  StatioHt  a  fort  about  1% 
miles  fronr.  Knoxvillr,  in  Tenntflce. 

Gammon,  Point,  anciently  called 
Point  Gilbert,  by  Gofnold,  forms  the 
caftem  fide  of  the  harbour  of  Hyanit  or 
Hyennes,  in  Baniftableco.Maflachufetts. 

Gannelor,  a  I'raall  ifland  in  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  in  N.  iat.  48. 
near  Bird  ifland. 

Gauazu,  a  town  in  Brazil;  and  pro- 
vince of  Pernambuco,  25  miles  N.  of 
Olinda. 

Garodbr,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  incorporated  in  1785. 
It  contains  about  14,000  acres,  well  wa- 
tered, chiefly  by  Otter  R.  The  road 
from  CorniK^icut  R.  thro*  Peterfliam, 
Gerry,  and  Tcmpleton  on  to  Bofton, 

Eafl«:s  through  it.     It  contains  531  in- 
abitants,  and  is  x6  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Worcjfter,  and  60  N.  W.  of  Bofton. 

Gardne&V  Iftand^  or  IJIe  o/fyighft 
lies  at  the  £.  end  of  Long-Ifland,  in 
New- York  ftate,  flieltered  within  Oyf- 
ter  Pond  and  Montauk  points  j  to  miles 
N.  W.  of  the  latter,  and  as  far  S.  W. 
of  Plumb  I.  It  contains  about  3000 
acres  of  fertile  land,  the  property  of  one 
pei-fon,  and  yields  excellent  grafs,  wheat 
and  corn.  Fine  flieep  and  cattle  are 
raifed  on  it.  It  is  annexed  to  E^ft 
HaropUm,  and  lies  40  miles  fouth-weft- 
erly  of  Newport,  Rhode- Ifland. 

Gaspe,  cr  Gacbeftt  a  bay  and  head* 
land  S.  of  Florell  ifle,  which  lies  be- 
tween it  and  Cape  Rofiers,  on  the  £. 
coaft  of  Lower  Canada,  and  W.  fide  of 
the  ^ulFof  St.  Lawrence. 

Ga&pee,  or  Namuit  Putit,  7  milea 
S.  of  Pruvidence  (R,  I.)  projecting  from 
the  weftcrn  fliore  of  Providence  river, 


O'E  M> 


til 


rnmrkable  at  bdmr  the  plice  wkert 
thil  Brttifli  armed  Iciiooner,  calkd  th« 
GaTpee,  was  burnt,  lune  10,  177a,  by 
about  (o  men  from  Frovidcncey  paint- 
ed  like  Narraganfet  Indians.  For  th« 
caufe  of  thia  tranfaftioo,  (ct  Oordon^i 
Hift.  of  the  Abler.  Rev.  vol.  I.  p.  jn. 

Oaspisia,  a  traft  of  country  on  the 
S.  fide  of  the  mouth  of  St.  liawrenct 
R.  and  on  the  N.  fide  of  Chakurs  bay» 
in  Lower  Canada.  Its  E;  extremity  it 
Cape  Rofiers.  The  Indians  called  GaT. 
pebans  inhabit  here. 

Gates  Ct.  in  Edentmcaftem  dif-. 
tria,  N.  Carolina,  is  bounded  N.  by 
the  ftate  of  Virginia,  S.  by  Chowan  co. 
It  contains  539a  inhabitants,  including 
1119  flaves .    Chief  town,  Hertford. 

Gay  Headth*  kinduf  peninfula  on 
Martha's  Vineyard,  between  3  and  4 
miles  in  length,  and  a  in  breadth,  and 
almoft  feparated  fjporo  the  other  part  of 
the  ifland  by  a  larye  p«id.  The  In- 
dians inhabiting  this  jart,  when  lately 
numbered,  amounted  to  S03.  The  foil 
is  goud,  and  bnly  requires  cultivation 
to  produce  moft  vegetables  in  perfec- 
tion. There  are  evident  marks  of  ther«, ' 
having  been  volcanoes  formerly  qn  tbiat 
peninlula.  The  marks  of  4  or  5  cratera 
ai-e  plainly  to  be  i'een.  The  moft  ibuth- 
eriy  and  probably  the  moft  ancient,  as 
it  is  grown  over  with  grafs,  now  cidled 
the  Devirs  Den,  is  at  kaft  10  rods  over 
at  the  top,  i4iat  the  bottom,  and  full 
130  feet  at  the  fides,  except  that  which 
is  next  the  fea,  where  it  is  open.  A 
man  now  alive  relates,  that  his  toctfher 
could  remember  when  it  was  common  to 
fef  a  light  upon  Qzy  Head  in  the  night 
time.  Others  fay,  their  anceftors  have 
told  them,  that  the  whalemen  uled  to 
guide  themfelves  in  the  nigl\t  by  the  Ughtii 
that  were  feen  upon  Gay  Hear.  The  fea 
has  made  fuch  encroarhpients  here,  that, 
within  30  years,  it  has  fwept  off  15  or  ao 
rods.  TheextiemityofGayHe^disthe 
S.  W,  poinf  of  tiie  Vineyard..  N.  lat» 
41 .  10.  W.  long,  fi-om  Greenwich  70. 50, 

G£I(ELEMUE(CPECHU£NK,   a  town 

of  the  Delawai'e  Indians,  on  a  creek  of 
the  fame  name,  a  head  water  of  the  Muf- 
kingum.  This  was  the  northeinmoft 
Moravian  fettlement  on  Mulkingum  R. 
It  lies  la  miles  N.  £.  by  N.  ofSalema 
and  78  N.  wefterly  of  Pittfl]tu^g. 

Gembsie,  a  Uxt  on  the  river  St, 
John's,  which  was  tal^eo  by  the  Englifli 
in  1674, 

M3  GEMBSSIB, 


.  <iu 


fin  GEO 

'  OiNBifiii,  •  townflilp  bi  dntwlo 
M.  N«w-Yorit',  having  si  7  elcAort. 

OlHiiiiP  Ctimtrf,  A  lam  tniaef 
ImdiDthc  (Uteofrnw-Yonc,  bound- 
MN.  ind  N.  W.  by  lake  Ontario,  8. 

H'  Ptnn^lvania,  E.  Vv  tho  wcftctn  part 
tile  minunr  tOwnfluMi  in  Onendlgo 
.  and  W.  67  lakk  Em  and  Niagara 
TfL.  It  i»  a  rich  traM'  of  country,  and 
irell  watered  by  lakes  and  rifcra  j  one 
6f  the  httnr,  OcneflVe  R.  givci  name  to 
tiiia  tntft.  It  is  generally  flat,  the  riv- 
tre  fluggifli,  the  foil  moift,'  and  the  lakes 
MnnerouSt 
'  OtNitsBi  Rhfer.    See  Chetuffu. 

GtNiVA,  a  lake  in  Upper  Canada, 
which  fonns  the  W.  extremity  of  lake 
<tetario{  to  which  it  is  joined  by  a 
Ibort  and  narrow  ftrait. 

OiMlvA,  *  poft  town  in  Onondago 
to*  NeW>York,  on  the  great  road  from 
Albany  to  Niagare  '  ntuated  on  the 
bank  of  the  M.  ^.  corner  of  Seneca 
lake,  about  74  miles  W.  of  Oneida  caf- 
tle,  and  91  W.  of  Whiteflown.  The 
VHends  Mttlcment-Ues  iibout  1 9  miles 
Iwlow  this. '  Here  were  10  log-houfes, 
ind  a  few  other  buildinp  fevml  years 
s^,  which  hare  much  increaftd  fince.' 
'  Genbvibvb,  St.  or  Miffiret  aviU 
lege  in  Lotiifiana,  On  the  weftembankof 
the  M ifRfippi^  nearly  oppoflte  to' the  vii- 
iMe  of  Kaflcafkias,  iJi  miles  foutherly 
OTTortChartres.  It  contained  about  lo 
^rs  ago,  Upwards  of  100  houfcs,  and 
if6o  inhabitants,  befides  Negroes. 
*'  Gboroe's  St.  a  cape  and  iflands 
neuiy  oppbfite  to  the  river  Apalachico- 
K  oh  the  cbaft  of  E.  Florida.-  Cape  St. 
George's  lies  about  6  leagues  to  the 
caftward  of  Cape  Blaize,  being  an  elbow 
of  the  largefi  of  St.  George's  iflands,  in 
K.  lat.  19.  8.  There  is  a  large  flioal 
running  out  From  it  a  confiderabie  way, 
Itut  how  far  ha&  not  yet  been  afciihained . 
The  coaft  between  it  and  Cape  Blaize; 
fbrme  a'kind  of  hollow  bay,  with 
deep  '  found rtigs  and  a  ibft  bottom. 
There  are  two  Iflands  to  the  N.  W.  of 
8t.  George's  Cape ;  that  neareft  to  it 
is  fniaU,  and  rernarkahle  for  a  clump  of 
*^^ggling  ^rees  on  the  middle  of  it ;  the 
other  is  prerty  large,  and  of  a  triangu> 
Jar  form,' and  reaches  wi^liin  3  leag|ues  of 
Cape  Bisize, '  halving  a  paflage^  at  each 
end  if  it  for  rmall  craft  into  the  bay, 
between  thefe  iflands  and  the  river 
Apalachicola  j  but  this  bay  is  full  of 
ft^i  and  oyfter-banks,  and  not  above 


GEO 

two  «r  thne  ftat  water  at  meft,  In  wf 
of  thebnutefiesef  that  river. 

Gbobob,  Port,  waa  ArmrtM   o^- 
Point  Comfort,  it  the  moutk  of  Umea 
R.  and  5  miles  N.  E.  of  Craaey  lillMi, 
at  the  mouth  of  Bliiabcth  R.  m  Virgi. 
nia.    See  CtMfwrt* 

Gborgb,  roBT  KiMQ,  an  aiifien^ 
ibrt  in  Georgia,  which  Hood  5  miles  N. 
E.  of  the  town  of  Daricn,  in  Xiberty 
CO.  fituated  at  the  head  of  a  creek  whicfi 
flows  into  the  ocean  oppofite  Sapcb  I. 
It  is  now  in  ruins. 

Gbobob,  Lakb,  in  Eaft  Florid*,  ia 
a  dilation  of  the  river  St.  Juan,-  or  St. 
John,  and  called  alfo  Great  Lake.  H 
is  about  1 5  niiles  wide,  and  generally 
about  1 5  or  ao  feet  deep,  excepting  at 
the  (entrance  of  the  river,  where  lies  a 
bar,  which  carries  S  or  9  feet  water. 
The  lake  is  beautified  with  two  or  three 
fiirtile  iflands.  The  largeft  is  about  % 
miles  broad,  and  commands  a  moft  de- 
lightful and  extenflve  profoeft  <(f  the, 
waters,  iflands,  E.  wA  W.  uores  of  the  \ 
hike,  the  capes,  the  bay  and  mount 
Royal  I  and  to  the  8.  the  view  is  vtty 
extAifive.  Here  are  vident  marks  of  a 
large  town  of  the  aborigines,  and  the 
ifland  appears  to  have  been  once  the 
chofen  refidence  of  ah  Indian  prinre. 
on  the  fcife  of  this  ancient  town  flanda 
a  very  pompous  Indian  mount,  or  coni- 
cal pyramid  of  "^carth,  fiom  which  runs 
in  a  flraight  line,  a  gi^nd  ayenue  or  In- 
dian hienway,  through  a  hiagiiificent 
grove  of  magnolias,  liVe  oaks,  palms 
and  orange  trees,  tenhinating  at  thef 
verge  of  a  large,  green,  level'  favanna. 
From  fragments  (Uig  up,  it  appears  to 
have  been  a'  thickly  uihabited  town. 
See  St.  John's  river.        .     ■   >'  • 

George,  Lake,  lies  to  the  fouth- 
ward  of  lake  Champlain,  and  its  waters 
lie  about  100  feet  higher.  The  portage 
between  the  two  lakes  is  a  mile  anda 
half;  but  with  a  fmall  expence  might 
be  reduced  to  60  yards }  and  ^ith  one 
or  two  locks  might  be  made  tii^igable 
throug;h,  for  batteux.  It  is  a  m^f!: 
clear,  beautiful  coUcJlion  of  water  j 
36  miles  lorig,  and  from  i  to  7  >wide. 
It  embdfoms  more  thait '  aoo  iflands, 
fbme  fay  365  j  very  few  of  which  are 
any  thing  more  than  barren  rocks,  co- 
vered  with  heath,  and  a  few  cedar, 
()>ruce  and  hemlock  trees,  and  flirubs, 
and  abundance  of  rattle-liiakcs.  Onr 
each  fide  it  ii  ftirted  by  prodigious 

mountains  i 


is 


GEO 

iBonnialiM  i  from  whkh  kifi  fbMMl- 
tiet  of  red  Mdir  tn  ■nnuiliy  curled  to 
Nnr.York  for  fliip  timber.  Th*  Mc 
it  foil  of  fidiw,  aitd  fomc  of  thi  bcft 
kinci,  M  the  black  or  Ofwcgo  btA,  alfo 
kirgt  fpeckled  troute.  It  wai  called 
lake  Sacrament  by  the  French*  who.  in 
former  times,  were  at  the  ptini  to  pro- 
cure this  water  for  facramental  ufct  in 
•11  their  churches  in  Canada  t  hence  pro- 
bably it  derived  its  name.  The  remains 
of  Fort  George  ttand  at  the  S.  end  of 
the  lake,  about  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Fort  Edward,  on  Hudfon  river.  The 
famous  fort  of  Tieonderoga,  which 
ftood  at  the  N.  fide  the  outlet  of  the 
lake,  where  It  diftharged  its  waters 
into  lake  Champlain,  is  now  in  ruins. 
Sec  CbdtHptam  and  Tiemuleroga. 
.  Oeorgb's,  St.  an  IflaM  and  parifli 
belonging  to  the  Bermuda  ifles,  in  the 
Wcft.Indies.  N.  lat.  jt.  45.  W.  long. 
63.  30. 

Oeorob*!,  St.  •  large  and  deep  bay 
on  the  W.  fide  of  Newfoundland  iilanc^ 
N.  lat.  4.8.  It. 

Oboiiob*s  Bank, St.  afilhingbank 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  E.  of  Cape  Cod, 
in  Maflachufctts.  It  extends  Irom  N. 
to  8.  between  41.  15 
lat.  and  between  67. 
W.  long. 

Gborob's  Kby,  St.  was  one  of 
the  principal  BritiOi  fettlements  in  the 
bay  of  Honduras.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Spani^irds  during  the  American  war, 
but  retaken  by  the  Britilh  foon  after. 

The  Britifli  fettlements  on  the  Mof- 
quito  (here,  and  in  the  bay  of  Honduras, 
were  furrendered  to  the  crown  of  Spain, 
at  the  Spantfli  convention,  figned  at 
London,  the  14th  of  July,  1786. 

GBORaB'sRi^eR,ST.  in  St.  Mary's 
CO.  Maryland,  is  a  very  broad  but  (hort 
creek,  whofe  mouth  lies  between  Piney 
Point  and  St.  Mary's  R.  on  the N.  hank 
of  the  Potowmack,  oppofite  the  ifland  of 
the  fame  name. 

Georgb's  River,St.  in  Lincoln  co. 
diftriA  of  Maine,  or  rather  an  arm  of  the 
Tea,  lies  about  •  leagues  S.  W.  of  Pe- 
nobfcot  buy.  Four  leagues  from  the 
mouth  of  this  river  (lands  Thomafton. 
This  river  is  navigable  for  brigs  and 
^lipsefa  large  bunlen  up  to  the  nar- 
rows }  and  from  thence  abotit  4  miles 
higher,  to  nearly  the  head  of  the  tide, 
for  floops  and  fchooners  of  80  or  90 
tons.    It  is  about  half  a  league  wide  up 


.  and  4s.  *t.  N. 
50.  and  68.  40. 


riEt)  ft} 

tBtheaanwu.  OflMcftfinlMRfd** 
rable  vcftlahiWbeM  boilt  istUtrifWV 
which  are  cmpfeved  In  eoRftli^twl 
Ibmetlmet  in  foraign  voyj^pe.  T%m 
are  bow  owned  in  this  river,  thoogli  ft 
docs  not  in  all  eiceed  4 ketgwa  in  lengtli^ 
I  brig,  •  topfail  fchoonert,  Md  ^ 
floops  i  bi  all  tboot  1  io»  torn.  The 
navigatkm,  howcvur,  le  getienlly  Iftt^r* 
rupted  in  winter,  when  not  cwy  th* 
(breams  through  the  country,  bnt  the 
rah  water  river*  are  locked  up  tindi 
f^rirtg.  '  Fi(h  abound  here,  of  Umoit  aH 
kinds,  in  their  (kafon  { and  even  lobihsrei 
oylters,  clams,  and  other  driicaciee  tn 
tne  a(|ucoua  kind,  are  plenty  k  tlUt 
river. 

GROROB's,8T.a  vitlsj^nearly  in  the 
centre  of  Newcaftle  co.  Debware,  on  • 
creek  of  its  own  name,  which  falls  intd 
DelawftreR.  4  miles  below,  a  littk 
above  Reedy  Illand.  It  is  17  milerS. 
by  W.  of  Wilmington,  and  45  S.  W. 
ofPhiUdelphia. 

Georgb's,  St.  the  capital  of  thi 
ifland  of  Grenada,  in  the  W.  Indies  | 
formerly  called  Fofi  Royale,  which 
name  the  Fort  (kill  retains.  It  is  fitout- 
ed  on  a  fpacious  bay,  on  the  W.  or  lee 
(ide  of  the  ifland,  not  far  from  the  S.end^ 
and  poflelles  one  of  the  fafeft  and  mo(l 
commodious  harbours  in  the  Briti(h  W. 
Indies,  which  has  lately  been  fortified 
at  a  very  great  expcnce,  and  declared  a 
free  port.  This  town  was  deftroyed  by 
a  dreadful  fire  in  1771,  and  on  Novem* 
bcri,  1775,  it  met  with  the  likemil^ 
fortune  {  and  the  iofs  was  valued  at 
£.  50O1O00.  The  town  now  makee  a 
very  handfome  appearance,  has  a  ^o 
crous  fquare  or  parade )  the  hobica  are 
built  of^ brick,  and  tiled  or  flated{  (bme 
few  are  built  of  ftone,  excepting  the  ware- 
honfes  and  dwelling  houfes  round  the 
harbour,  which  are  moftly  wooden  build* 
ings.  Thefe  are  in  a  great  meafure 
feparated  from  the  town  by  a  very  fteep 
and  rocky  hill,  the  houfes  on  which,, 
with  the  trees  which  ferve  for  (hade, 
have  a  romantic  appearance.  .  The 
town  is  computed  to  contain  about  1000 
inhabitants,  many  of  whom  are  wealthy 
merchants.  This  was  its  fitution  be- 
fore the  infurreftion  of  the  negroes }  of 
its  prefent  ftate  we  have  not  authentic 
information. 

Grorgbtown,  the  chief  town  of 
Sufliix  CO.  Delaware,  is  fituated  16  miles 
W.  S.  W.-of  Lewtftown,  and  103  S.  of 

M  4  Philadelphia. 


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9WMM^.     It  comOm 
kmmfim  toMiiy  courti. 


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OiOROitoWN,apoil  town  in  Mary- 

M(l|  fitaniMlinKimteo.onthiE.  fide 
ofChdantakbay*  of  about  so  houAi. 
It  iiomUM  Irani  tht  nMnith  of  the  riv- 
er Samflru*  beiiw  (mmA  on  the  8.  lidc 
oppoTito  to  Fraderidtt  *oN.  B.  of  Chef* 
tSrVvd  «s  S*  W.  of  Philwlrlphia. 

OiCRQiTOWNt  •  village  jf  Fayette 
ctt>  Penn(yivania,  (ttaated  on  the  8.  B. 
Mo  of  Mononnhela  R.  at  the  mouth  of 
Ocerfe**  ercek.  Here  a  number  of 
beata  are  annually  built  for  the  trade 
and  emigration  to  the  wcftem  country. 
It  lice  iwmilea  8.  W.  ofUrion. 

OlOROiTOWNi  a  peft  town  and  port 
•f  entryt  in  MontgoMcry  co.  Miry> 
kndi  and  in  the  territory  of  Columbia. 
It  ia  pkaAntly  fituated  on  a  number  of 
ArnJl  hill*,  upon  the  northern  bank  of 
Potowmack  K.  i  bounded  eaihward  by 
Rock  creek  t  which  feporatee  it  from 
Waihimrton  eitVy  and  lies  4  miles  from 
the  capitolt  ana  S  N.  of  Alexandria. 
It  conttkfaie  about  130  houfeii  fcveralof 
which  are  elesant  and  commodious. 
The  Roman  Catholics  have  eftabliflied 
n  eoUn;e  hcre»  for  the  promccion  of  gt- 
neral  Iitrrature»  which  is  at  prefent  in  a 
very  ilom^diing  ftate.  The  building 
bebig  found  imdequate  to  contain  the 
number  of  ftudents  that  applied,  a  large 
addition  has  been  made  to  it.  Georee- 
town  carries  on  a  fmall  trade  with  Eu- 
rope and  the  W.  Indies.  The  exports 
in  one  year»  ending  Sept.  30,  1794* 
amounted  to  the  value  of  i«t,9*4  dot- 
hre.  It  is  46  miles  S.  W.  by  W.  of 
Baltimore,  and  148  S.  W.  of  Philad^. 
phia. 

GboRgitown,  in  Lincoln  co.  dif. 
trifl  of  Mainci  is  fitusted  on  both  fides 
of  KLennebeck  R.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1716,  is  the  oldeft  town  in  the 
countVf  and  contains  1333  inhabitants. 
It  is  bounded  fotitherly  by  the  ocean, 
v^efterly  by  the  towns  of  Harpawelland 
Brunfwick,  N.  wefterly  by  mtlx,  and 
eaflerly  by  Woolwich)  being  entirely 
furrounded  by  navif^able  watersi  except- 
ing ab6ut  s  miles  of  land,  which  divides 
tlVe  waters  of  Winnagance  creek,  a  part 
of  the  Kennebeck,  from  an  arm  or  in- 
flux of  Cafco  bay,  called  Stephen's  R. 

The  emrance  at  the  mouth  of  Kenne- 
beck R.  is  guided  on  the  E.  by  Parker's 
ifland,  belonging  to  this  townihip.    It 


GEO 

contahw  about  sl,ooe aemof  knd ami 
fall  marfli,  and  is  inhabited  by  mora 
than  one  third  part  of  the  people  of  ib« 
townftip.  This  was  the  (pot  on  uMch 
theEurepeana  ftrft  attempted  ty  colo. 
nise  New-England*  in  the  vtaf  i<lo7* 
It  is  a  part  of  what  was  called  Sagada- 
hock  f  and  the  patemtaea  of  the  Plymouth 
company  began  here  to  Uy  the  Munda- 
tion  of  a  great  ftate.  They  ftnt  over  a 
number  of  ciril  and  military  officers, 
and  about  too  people.  By  various  mif- 
fortunes  they  were  forced  to  give  up  tht 
fettlemani,  and  in  1608,  thft  whole 
number  wlio  furvivod  the  winter  return- 
ed to  England. 

There  was  a  tradition .  among  tht 
Nonridgewalk  Indians,  that  thefe  plant- 
ers invited  a  number  of  the  natives, 
who  had  come  to  trade  with  them,  to 
draw  a  fmall  cannon  by  n  rope,  and 
that  when  they  were  ranged  in  a  line, 
the  white  people  difcharged  the  pieces 
and  thereby  killed  and  wound^  Icveral 
of  them.  The  refentment  of  the  na« 
tives  at  this  treacherous  munler,  obli|^- 
ed  the  Europeans  to  reimbark  the  next 
fummer.  Georgetown  is  1 5  miles  S. 
of  rownalborough,.and  170  N.  by  £. 
of  Bofton. 

GioncBTOWN,  apofttownof  Geor- 

§ia,  in  the  co.  of  Oglethorpe,  50  miles 
.  W.of  Augufta,  lurroundedbyapoor 
country)  but  neverthelefs,  exhibits  marks 
of  crowing  profperity. 

Gborobtown,  alarge  maritimedif* 
tri^  in  the  lower  country  of  8.  Caroli- 
na, fituated  in  the  8.  E.  comer  of  the 
ftate)  bounded  N.  £.  by  the  ftate  of 
N.  Carolina,  8.  E.  by  the  ocean,  8.  W. 
by  Santee  river,  which  divides  -it  from 
Charlefton  diftriS;,  and  N.  W.  by  Cam* 
den  and  Cheraw  d»ftri£ts.  It  is  about 
I  «s  miles  from  N.  to  8.  and  63  from  £. 
to  W.  and  is  divided  into  the  pariflies 
of  AH  Saints,  Prince  George,  ana  Prince 
Frederick.  It  contains,  according  to 
the  cenfus  of  1790,  «s,i»i  inhabitants, 
of  whom  13,131  are  (laves.  It  fends 
to  the  ftate  legiflature  10  reprefentativeH 
and  3  fenators,  and  pays  taxes  to  the 
amount  of  3585I.  i«s.  6d. 

GeoROETOWN,  a  poft  town,  port  of 
entry,  and  capital  of  tne  above  diftri6\, 
and  is  fituated  on  a  fpot  near  which  fe- 
veral  ftreams  unite  their  waters,  and 
form  a  broad  ftream  called  Winyaw  bay, 
It  miles  from  the  fea.  See  Pedte  Rmtr, 
Its'fituation  connects  it  with  an  exten- 

five 


GEO 

fivi  btck  country  of  both  th*  CtrelkiMi 
and  would  be  •  place  of  vei  import- 
ance, were  it  not  fora  bnr  at  the  en* 
tfMMc  of  Winyiw  bay*  which  iatcTf 
nipts  the  entrance  of  vefleU  drawing 
above  1 1  feet  water*  and  ia  in  nuuiy  re- 
Cpe&i  »  ilangcroiM  plnce.  It  containa 
tains  above  300  houwa*  built  chiefly  of 
wood.  The  public  buildingfe  are  a 
co«irt-houle,  gaol*  and  academv)  3 
churchee*  of  which  the  Epifcopaltana, 
Baptiftv,  and  Methodirt*  have  one  each. 
Thc~e  it  l.ere  a  fmall  trade  to  the  Weft 
Indiea.  The  export!  for  one  year*  end- 
ing Sept.  )o*  1795*  were  to  the  value  of 
ai«5i  I  dollars.  ItU6emileaN.E.  by 
N.  ofCharleften*  1*7  &•  W.  of  WiU 
mington,  N.Carolina,  and  iii  from  Phi- 
lailclphia*  N.  lat.33.t4.W.  long.  79*3S> 

Gii\)RoiA*  one  of  the  United  State* 
of  N.  America*  i«  fituated  between  30. 
37.  and  35  N.  lat.  ind  between  80.  S. 
and  91.  8.  W.  long,  being  about  600 
miles  in  length,  and  on  an  avei*age  a<o 
in  breadth.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the 
Atlantic  ocean  j  S.  by  E.  and  W.  Flo- 
rida} W.  by  the  river  Miflifippii  N. 
£.  and  N.  by  S.  Carolina  and  the  Ten- 
neflee  (late.  It  was  formerly  divided 
into  piMtlhes,  afterwards  into  3  diltrrflt, 
but  lately  into  two  dtftri£ls,  viz.  Upper 
and  Lower,  which  are  fubdivided  into 
14  counties  as  follow  t  In  the  lower 
diftrifl  are  Camden,  Glynn,  Liberty, 
Chatham*  Bryan,  M'lnto/h,  Effingham, 
Soriven,  and  Burke.  The  cpunties  in 
the  Upper  DiftriA  are  Montgomery, 
Wafliington,  Hancock,  Greene,  Frank- 
lin, Oglethorpe,  Elbert,  Wilkes,  Lin- 
coln, Wnrren,  JefFerfon,  Jackfon,  Bul- 
lock, CoUmibia,  and  Richmond.  The 
principal  towns  are  Augufta,  formerly 
the  feat  of  government,  Savannah,  the 
former  capital  of  the  ftate,  Sunbury, 
Bi-unfwick,  Frederica*  Waihington,  and 
Louifville,  which  it  the  metropolis  of 
tlie  ftate}  and  here  are  depofited  the 
records  of  the  ftatc,  fuch  ot  them  as  a 
late  legiflaturc  did  not  order  to  be  pub- 
licly burnt. 

The  principal  rivers  which  water 
Georgia  are.  Savannah,  which  feparates 
it  from  S,  Carolina;  Ogeecliee  river, 
which  runs  parallel  with  the  former, 
and  Alatamaha,  which  runs  parallel  with 
the  others.  Bclides  thcfc  and  their  nu- 
n)erou8  brauclits,  there  is  Turtle  river, 
Little  Sitilla,  Great  Sitiila,  Crooked  R. 


GEO 


••§ 


a«i  81.  Mtry^t*  whldi  fcnM«  wm0l 
th«  fiNrthtm  boMMlMv  U  iIm  UiM 
States.  The  rivtra  in  tht  m&Mla  ani 
wcftem  pwu  will  be  mcM  wMlar  tlw 
bead  of  04trgiM  Wl^hnTtrrifmy,  Ail 
thcA;  are  ftirad  witk  ■  great  varktWf 
Alh*  aa  rock*  *iiiulbt*  wteirinf  >  mtd, 
trout*  drum*  bs^y  cniliflirwhiut*  brhn, 
and  llurgeon  |  and  th«  baya«n<l  lagoon* 
are  fuppUcd  with  o^ra*  mMI  mIm? 
fliell-fim*  crabs*  fbrunps*  tte,  71m 
clams*  in  particular*  wt  l^vgtf  tlwiff 
meat  white*  tender*  ynd  daUcaie.  Tlw 
fliark  and  great  black  ftingiay  are  iaiitti- 
able  cannibala*  and  very  troublaibmt  t« 
the  fiihcrmcn.  The  chief  lake  or  narii 
is  Ekanfiuioka,  by  Ibme  called  Ouaqon- 
phenogaw,  which  1*  300  roiica  in  cir* 
cumferencff. 

The  eaftem  pai.  of  the  ftatc*  bctw«M 
the  mountains  am  .he  ocean*  «id  tho 
rivers  Savannah  and  ot.  Mary^a*  a  traft 
of  country  more  than  laemUaa  lima 
N.  to S.  and  from  50  to  to  E.. and  W« 
is  level,  without  a  hill  or  Aone.  At 
tlie  diftance  of  about  40.  or  50  miki 
from  the  fea  board*  or  fait  nuu'li*  tht 
'lands  begin  to  be  more  or  lefa  uncvcMf 
until  they  gradually  rife  to  mouataina. 
The  valt  chain  of  the  Alleghany  or  Ap. 
paiachian  mountains*  which  commence 
with  the  Kaats  Kill*  near  Hudlbn  R.ta 
the  ftate  of  New- York*  tcrminata  ia 
Georgia,  60  miles  S.  of  its  northcra 
boundary.  From  the  foot  of  this  moun* 
tain  fpreads  a  wide  extended  plain*  of 
the  richeft  (oil,  and  in  a  latitude  and 
clii;nate  well  adapted  to  the  cultivation 
of  rooft  of  the  produAions  of.  the  foutli 
of  Europe,  and  of  the  Eaft  Indies.  In 
the  low  country,  near  the  rice  fwanipt^ 
bilious  complaints  and  fevers  of  various 
kinds  are  pretty  univerfal*  during  the 
months  of  July*  Auguft,  and  Septem* 
ber  I  but  the  fertility  of  tlie  foil,  and  die 
t-afc  with  which  it  is  improved*  are  a 
iufGcient  inducement  to  fettlers,  and  an 
unfailing  fource  ot  wealth.  Be/ore  the 
fickly  feafon  approaches,  the  rich  plaii 
ers,  with  their  families,  remove  to 
fea-iflands,  or  fome  elevated,  healtl 
fituation,  for  tlie  benefit  of  the  freih  air. 
In  the  winter  and  I'pring,  pleurifies* 
peripncumunies,  and  other  indaramatoiy 
diforders,  occafioned  by  violent  and  fucU 
den  coUis,  are  confidi^iahly  common* 
and  frequently  fatal.  Coalumptions* 
epilepfie«,    cancers,  palfies*   and  apo- 

l^lcxici 


tU 


GEO 


usr5 


rlJ^ 


fekntet,  art  not  To  cotniiMn«inong  the 
MMbilaiiM  of  the  fottthern  at  northern 
ttematet. 

The  winters  in  Georgia  are  very  mild 
*iid  plealknt.  Sno>v  is  feldom  or  never 
ftn }  nor  it  vegetarion  often  prevented 
hy  revere  froftt.  '  Cattle  fubfift  tolerably 
vreU  during  the  winter,  feeding  in  the 
troodt  and  (avamnt,  and  are  tatter  in 
that  feafea  than  in  any  other.  In  the 
UUy  country,  which  oegint  about  50, 
and  in  Anne  placet  toe  miles,  from  the 
iati  tlic  air  is  pure  and  fahibriout,  and 
llw  water  plenty  and  good.  From  June 
itt  Septcmoer  the  mercury  in  Fahren- 
heit't  thermometer  commonly  fluAuates 
fptm  76.  to  90.  Ir  winter  from  40.  to 
<••  The  moft  prevailing  winds  are  S. 
W.andE. ;  in  winter  N.W.  TheR. 
ai^Kl  it  warmeft  in  winter  and  cooleft  in 
^Mmner.  The  S.  wind  in  fummer  and 
M  parUcularly,  it  damp,  fultry,  un- 
tUMci  and  6f  courfe  unhealthy.  In 
the  S.  E.  partt  of 'thit  ftate,  which  lie 
undiin  a  few  degrees  of  the  totrid  zone, 
the  atmofphere  is  kept  in  motion  by  im- 
fMfliont  from  the  trade  winds.     This 

CHiet  the  air;  fo  that  it  is  found  to 
e  falntary  cffcAt   on  cpnlumptive 

.    kabitt. 

In  the  low  landt  are  the  rice  fields. 
In  the  interior  and  hilly  parts,  wheat, 
Indian  com,  and  the  omer  prc>dn6lions 
tnmt  common  to  the  northern  ftates. 
Rke  it  at  prefent  the  ftaple  commodity 
^  the  ftate;  tobacco,  wheat  and  indigo 
Ma  the  other  great  articlet  of  produce. 
Ikfides  thefe  the  ft  e  yields  cotton,  filk, 
6tni§  potatoes,  — "n;s,  figs,  olives, 
pamegranates,  kc.  1  ne  foreiis  confift 
'vf  Mk,  hickory,  mulheny,  pine,  cedar, 
■^■'.  The  whole  coaft  is  bordered  with 
^'/•ivjs;  the  principal  of  which  are 
»fik!iwny,  VVaflaw,  Oflabaw,  St.  Ca- 
*h«rin««,5apelo,  Frederica,  Jekyl,  Cum- 
ixkxiif.J,  &c.      Thefe  iflands  are  lur 

,    rounded  by  navigable  creeks,  between 

^ich  ar  d  the  main  land  is  a  large  ex- 

j^tcnt  of  iult  madh,  fronting  the  whole 

l^lplte,  not  left,  on  an  average,  than  4  or 
}  milet  in  breadth,  interfefled  with 
creekt  in  variout  direftions,  admitting, 
thimigh  the  whole,  an  inland  naviga- 
tion, between  the  iflands  and  the  main 
Jand,  from  the  N.  E.  to  the  S.  E.  cor- 
ners of  the  ftate.  The  E.  fuks  of  thefe 
iflandt  are,  for  the  moft  part,  clean, 
hard,  fandy  beaches,  expofca  to  the  wafli 
of  tile  .ocean.    Between  thefe  iflandt  are 


GEO 

the  entrancei  of  the  rivert  from  the  In- 
terin*  couhtry,  winding  through  the  low 
fait  madhes,  and  delivering  their  wa« 
ters  into  the  founds,  which  form  ca^pa- 
cious  harbours  of '  from  3  to  8  miles 
over,  and  which  communicate  with  each 
other  by  parallel  fait  creeks. 

The  foil  and  its  fertility  are  -  rariout, 
according  to  iituation  ana  different  im- 
provement. The  iflandt  in  their  natu« 
rat  ftate  are  covered  with  a  pkntihil 
growth  of  pine,  oc.k,  hickory,  live  oak 
[an  uncommonly  hard  and  very  valuable 
wood]  and  fome  red  cedar.  The  foil 
is  a  mixture. nffand  and  black  mould, 
making  what  is  conimonly  called  a  grey 
foil.  A  confiderable  part  of  it,  parti- 
cularly  that  whereon  grow  the  oak, 
hickory  and  live  oak  is  very  rich,  and 
yields  on  cultivation,  good  cropsof  in- 
digo, cotton,  cv«m,  and  potatoes^  The 
foU  of  tlw  main  land,  adjoining  the 
marihes  and  creeks  is  nearly  of  the  fame 
quality  with  that  of  the  iflands  i  except 
that  which  borders  on  thofe  rivers  and 
creekt,  which  ftretch  far  back  into  the 
country.  (Xi  thefe,  immediately  after 
you  leave  the  falte,  begin  the  valuable 
rice  fwamps^  whi1.11,  on  cultivation,  af- 
ford the  prefent  chief  ftaple  IF  com- 
merce. 

The  foil  between  the  rivert,  after  yoii 
leave  the  fea  board,  and  the  edge  of^the 
fwamps,  at  the  diftanceof  10  or  30  miles, 
changes  from  a  grey  to  a  red  colour,  on 
which  grows  plenty  of  oak  and  hickory, 
with  a  confiderable  intermixture  of  pine. 
In  fome  places  it  it  gravelly,  but  fertile, 
and  fo  continuet  for  a  number  of  miles 
gradually  deepening  the  reddifli  colour 
of  the  earth,  till  it  changes  into  what  is 
called  the  Mulatto  foil,  confiftingof  a 
black  and  red  earth.  The  Mulatto 
lands  are  generally  ftrong,  and  yield 
large  crops  of  wheat,  tobacco,  corn,  &c . 
To  this  Kind  of  land  fucceeds  by  turns 
a  foil  nearly  black  and  v;ry  rich,  on 
which  grow  large  quantities  of<  black 
walnut,  mulberry,  &c.  This  fuccef- 
lion  of  different  foils  continues  uniform 
and  regular,  though  tljere  are  fome  large 
veins  of  all  the  dimrent  foils  inte*-mix(9} 
arid  what  is  more  remarkable,  this  fuc- 
ceffion,  in  the  order  mentioned,  ftretches 
acrofs  this  ftate  nearly  parallel  with  the 
iea  coaft,  and  extends  through  the  feve- 
ral  ftates,  nearly  in  the  fame  dire£lion, 
to  the  banks  of  Hndfon  river. 

Cotton  was  formerly  planted  here, 

only 


GEO 

Mily  by  the  poorer  chft  of  people,  ind 
thxt  onlv  for  family  uft.  They  plant- 
ed two  kindt,  the  amaud  and  the  Wtft 
inJum  I  the  former  is  low,  and  planted 
every  year{  the  balls  are  large,  and  the 
ahlox  long,  ftrong,  and  perfectly  white. 
The  latter  is  a  tall  perennial  plant,  the 
^k  fomewhat  flirubby,  leverai  of  which 
rife  up  from  the  root  for  leverai  years 
AiGcefltvely,    the  ftems  of  the  former 

?ar  being  killed  by  the  wintrr  frofts. 
he  bills  of  the  Weft-India  cotton  are 
iiol  quite  fo  large  as  the  other,  but  the 

}>hlox  or  wool  is  long,  extremely  fine,, 
ilky  and  white.     A  plantation  of  this 
kind  will  laft  feveral  years,  with  mode- 
rate labour  and  care.    The  culture  of 
cotum  is  now  much  more  attended  to  t 
feveral  indigo  planters   have  converted 
their  plantations  into  cotton  fields.    A 
new  fpccies  is  about  to  be   introduced 
into  this  ftate,  the  feed  of, which  </: 
lately  brought  by  Capt.  Jofiah  Robf  rts 
jfrom  Waitahoo,  one  of  the  Marque  >!; 
iAands  in  the  S.  Pacifie  ocean,  and  6mt 
io  a  gentleman  in  Oeoreia  by  a  member 
of  the  Hiftorical  Society    in  Bofton. 
Xhis  cotton  is  of  a  very  fine  texture, 
and  is  expeAed  will  prove  a  coniiderahle 
acqnifit'oQ  to  the  fouthem  ftates.    The 
cotton  at  prefent  raifed  in  Georgia,  is 
diftinguiftied  by  lome  Into  two  kinds, 
the  green  and  black  feed ;  the  former  is 
planted  in  the  Upptr  Cmiutryt  the  latter 
on  the  fea-iflands  and  adjacent  lands,  and 
was  brought,  about  the  year  i?88,  from 
the  Bahamas.     And  there   is  now  a 
profpe£t,  that  in  a  few  years  the  States 
of  S.  Carolina  and  Georgia  may  be  able 
to  raiie  more  than  ttntmlBoHs  of  pounds 
of  <;ottafn   annually    for    exportation. 
Moft  of  the  tropical  fraits  would  ilouri(h 
in  this  S'tate,  with  proper   attention. 
The  fouth-weftern  part  of  this  State, 
and  the'parts  of  Eaft  and  Weft  Florida, 
which  lie  adjoining,  will,  probably,  in 
fome  future  tiire,  become  the  vineyard 
of  America.     The  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port are  rice,  tobacco,    indigo,  fago, 
lumber,  naval  (lores,  leather,  deer-lkins, 
fnake-root,  myrtle  and  bees  wax,  cdm, 
and  live  ftock.    The  planters  and  far- 
mers raife  large  ftocks  pf  cattle,  from 
ii,ooo  to  1,500  head,  and  fome  more. 
The  value  in  fterling  money,  of  the  ex- 
ports of  Georgia,  in  the  year  1755,  was 

«5,74+J.--»ni77*»iai.077l — ^1791, 
valife  in   dollars   49t,47«->-in    1792, 

^S*»973"^»n  »79+»  SO»»3*3— in  1796* 


GEO 


tiy 


<7St<S4*  '^  in  «79C»  99^*SS«'  it 
1790,  the  tonnage  cmpk^ed  iii^ia  ftM» 
was  18,540^  and  the  number  of  Amb». 
can  feaman  1    \%$,    In  reiani Ibr  htt 
exports   Georgia  receives    W.   UMk 
goods,  teas,  wuMs,  cloat}iii%»  and  diy 
goods  of  all  kinds.    From  the  nertbem 
States,  cheefe,fiai^jpotatDet»  iq^rfai,***' 
der,  and  ihoes.    The  imporu  and  cs" 
ports  are  principally  to  ana  frMH  ^ivrta^ 
nah,  which  has  a  nne  harbour,  and  is 
the  pUce  where  the  prin^pal  coinmetciji 
bufmefs  of  the  State  is  tranfiilUd«  Ac- 
cording to  the  cenfus  of  1790,  the  ttwi^ 
tier  of  mhabitants  amountdl  l»  ta,54<, 
of  mkam  S9>*64  were  Haves.    Tlie  Hi« 
creafe  by  emigration  and  othenNdlir,  has 
been  very  confiderable  fiAee.    Thedif^ 
ferent  religious  feds  are  PrefbyteriMM, 
EjMfcopaiians,  Baptifts,  indMetbodita. 
They  have  but  few  rcf^lnr  miniften 
among  them.    The  cititens  of  Georpa 
have  htely  revifed  and  altered  their  cm^ 
flitution,  and  formed  it  upon  a  plan  fi» 
mihr  to  the  federal  Conftitution  of  the 
United  States.    The  literature  of  this 
State,  which  is  yet  in  its  infiinqr,  it 
commencing  on  a  plan  which,  it  tvor 
carried  into  effeft,  will  be  very  advaa* 
tageous  to  the  State.    A  college  wMi 
ample  and  liberal  endowments,  is  ii^i. 
tuted  in  LouiiVillet  a  high  and  heaMqr 
part  of  the  country,  near  the  centic  of 
the  State.    There  is  alfo  provifion  mtit 
for  the  inftitutionof  an  academy  in  eidi 
county  of  the  State,  to  be  foppoited 
from  the  fame  funds,  and  confidered  m 
parts  and  members  of  the  fame  inftito- 
tion,  under  the  ge^ieral  liiperiMendMoe 
and  direAion  of  a  prefident  and  boaid  of 
truftees,  fele^led  for  their  literary  ac* 
complUhments  fW)m  the  different  parts 
of  the  State,  and  invefted  with  the  cuf- 
tomary  powers  of  corporations.    Thia« 
inftitutioii  is  denominated  Tbt  Vmvtr- 
Jity  ofGewpa.    The  funds  for  the  fup^ 
port  of  literary  inftitutions  are  princi- 
pally in  lands,  amcunting  in  the  whole 
to  50,000  acres,  a  great  part  of  which 
is  of  the  beft  quality,  and  at  preihit 
very  valuable  j    together  with    nearly 
6000I.  ilerling  in  bonds,    houfes,  and 
town  lots  in  Augufta.    Other  public 
property  to  the  amount  of  loooi.   \n 
each  county,  has  been  fet  apart  for  the 
purpofes  of  building  and  furnifhing  their 
refpeAive  academies.    The  funds  ori- 
ginally defigned  to  fu  *port  the  literary 
orphan-houfe,  fdundcu  by  the  Rev.  Geo. 

Wbitefield, 


JTbittfivUr  are  dMtfy  i«  ri^t  plantnttpm 
jaA  MBWPr  1^^  the  death  of  the 
CioMHci*  o|l|qntiH((doiOy  to  whom  Mr. 
WhitdMU  bf4|tttoathe(i'this  pn^erty,  a» 
Milleey.  tiie  legililatiur«,  in  th«;  year  i  f%^, 
Boffiki  »  Inv*  yff^g  it  in :  13  comiptr. 

aSMpit|Qi|»  aa^  iit  ecfu^inient  to  the 
0Mm^  tlie  feminajtJ !»  ftyled  $un. 
itii^(ii«Mt|pollcg«.        ;^i.?; 

~  firftMedintl^year 

he  onljFiilBi^ny  fi|ttlc4 

thecriipi#'"^ 

litTBRH  TjHIIUVORr. 

i  iiMiMedjUl  nui|part 
jrn^  which  li^-weft  ' 

^_  4o^tbo&rwq|  vih'ich  f^ 

|«U^o  the#.U^!%t<»«a.*iTJjif  ex-  't| 
tevm  tri^  lljMitry  eq#aceiibme 
of  the  fineHtM^ie  UmtedStads,  is 
interfiBftcd  y»m  ^gKatmejaJb^pt  |ioble 
mwril,  wh^ch  Inp^  be  feen  by  p^  inrfpec 
tioli«f  ^ve  roai>»  ani  ia  inhabited  (exr 
4DCpt  £ieh  ^ts  wheneih  the- Indian  otitic 
.^a  been  exlin|;uiihed)  by  three  natione 
of  UdiM»t  VIZ.  t!|e  Muikogulge  of 
Cimk,  theCba^ini  am)  Ghicka&«M. 
J|^  Chcrol»^«I»  hate  n  title , to  a 
lipill  IMttiipn  #  the  noltliern  part  of 
M^Mtt^mf*  W  the.TennelTee  river. 
SM^UHia  ti^her  fjui  fuinidi  be- 
1  and  ^poop  *w«rrioit|fc  About  aooo  j 
of  «Fi»j^  peoplf  inhabit  thofe 


O  E  <SN 


■it^Thiti 
Uniirt%i)afr 

of^tate^< 
oftbeheadimite)! 


p«its  of  thia  territory  where  the  Indian 
title  has  been  -cxtifttuiihedy  chiefly  at 
the,Natche«,  and  the  Vaxi^river,  w  the 
brinks  of  the  Mifliftppi*  and  «  ooniM^crr 
able  number  on  the  TonibiglMf  riwr* 
and  fcattered  among  the  Creek  iWians. 
This  territory,  for  reaibns  which  will 
hereafter  appear*  Ula.  lately  licconie  an 
objeiEtof  much  public  attention  and  in* 
qiipyi  in  Europe,  as  well  as  in  the  United 
$t|te8 ;  and  on  this  accoimt,  thefoUow- 
uig  defcription  of  it  and  ftatemcnt  of 
fii^s  relative  to  the  fale  of  certain  parta 
t,  and  the  claims  of  the  United  States, 
have  been  coUe£l<d  and  arranged 
h  great  care  fiwm  the  moft  authentic 
ces  that  can  be  obtained,'  and  given 
ier  this  head  for  the  information  of 
publjc,*    This  territory,  lying  be- 
tfve  31ft  and  jsth  degrees  of  N* 
tilde,  is  not  fubjeft  to  the  ektrenieaof 
hcjit  or  cold  t  the  climate  is  temperate 
ai«l  delightful  through  the' year j  afid 
exflept  in  low  grounds,  and  in  the  neiglh^' 
bi^rhood  of  ftagnant  waters,  is  very 
healthful.     White  frofts,  and  Ibmetimes 
thin  ice,  have  been  feen  as  far  S.  as  the 
3  ift  degred  of  latiti»de )  but  I'now  is  very 
uncommon  in  any  part  of  this  territory* 
Ai^neribn  refiding  at  thi^Natchex  writes 
toihis  friend,  in  the  eaftetn  part  of  Geor. 

gu,  that  **  this  country  aflbi-ds  the^beft 
tling  water  1  every  perfon  almoft  is  in 
bMoming  hcalth.**f    Othery  who  h«"9 

viiited 


■'\ 


'  t^^l^lThefrnfceswlMtiice  the  aathor  has  derived  his  information,  in  drawing  up  the  follow- 
IpiH^nnt,  arc  Capt.ThomM  Hutchtns's  '<  HiAprical  narrative  andtt^jographkal  defcrip- 
tlMMif  Luuifiana  and,]Weft  Florida,"  c^prehenfingaifo  niany  of  the  rivers  and  fettlernenca 
in  the OewgiaWeftern Territory  ;  puUilhed in  4784.  Private  letters  and  journals;  mi* 
nttte«4^{ken  from  verfaial  dcfcriptiont  of  gentieme^  of  veracity  and  intelligence  who  have  re- 
litiljipn  that'Oountry.  t'hejoiimaiiand  lawsof  the  State  of  Georgia— ^ute  Papersand  Re« 
ports  both  printed  and  |M.  S.  of  Congrefs,  and  of  Agents  of  the  Ceveral  companies  who  liave 
pur^affld  lands  in  this  tcrritor]^. 

^^  jh  The  letter  here  alluded  to  contains  the  fbl  Wing  paragraphs :  **  Our  navigation  is  ex- 
cellp^  {,'«vr  high  tauls  preferable  to  Beach  .lflai)d,f  when  in  its  bloom  ;  ftoclc  is  as  eafy 
,  :^ mieacal  wIVB^cyoinisc  ;  lands  are  riling  f»ft,  atid  I  expeA  will  be  very  high  in  a  few 
T^IR'  lltetaiirs  in  common,  on  the  high  Isnd^  larger  than  in  the  rivcr-fwamps,  fmean- 
iwjl  die  eafterii  part  of  Georgia  j  from  30  to  3;  feet  high,  and  upwards,  and  in  rliany 
f\»*x»  ftand  fothi<k,  that  oiiecan  fcarcely  walk  a  mite  in  half  an  hour.  Sonne  families 
tnuft  be  coming  to  thipiinoft  floutifliing  country  bi  tbc  world.  I  wifli  you  to  advifeanyof 
myielatiMlsyuu  fee  to  come  with  all  hafte  ;  if  tqey  can  get  here,  and  are  turned  out  naked 
iu  the  wofld,  in  one  year  they  might  be  fixed  again.  I  am  fure  cuuld  I  have  time  to  tuy  as 
much  as  1  wifli  to  (ay,  you  would  be  with  me  this  fall.  I  cuuld  venture  to  almoft  promife, 
^(f  ou  woilld  he  wife  and  come,  to  make  good  any  deficiencies  you  might  find  in  the  place." 
TM.ilka^or  It  inpo  jflion  of  the  original  letter,  above  mentioned,  which  has  every  mark 
of  attthcncicky  t  and  the  above  eatraAs  are  infi^ied,  as  containing  the  (imple,  honcft  df'* 
fcrlptwn  of  a  jpblln  farmer ;  and  on  which  mofp  dependence  is  to  be  placed,^  than  on  the 
'  mbff  efJt^rate  aii^  dieiant  w¥4(ription«,  of  intef^fted  individuatr 

4  J^lmiiHg  t9  m  nmariahlifntih  ijlemd  in  tbt-eafternpart  cfGtergfa,  in  tbe  neigb^rUad 
y-  tbt  v/fiter't  etrreffwuUnl,  and  with  wkich  both  vttrt  V)tU  acpta'mtiU. 


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vtiit^  U,  %  oiP  thgt  part  of  the  terrlto. 
ry  which  bonlm  on  the  Miffifippi,  that 
« the  water  ii  good  for  to  milea  back 
from  the  river,  and  the  country  healthy 
and  plnfluit,  and  of  all  othen  that  they 
have  feen  the  moft  defimble."     Mr. 
HutcHinty  fpeakhtt  of  the  fane  tniflfi 
iayt,  <*die  dimatrir  healthy  and  tent- 
perate,  the  country  dcllshtful  and  well 
watered)  and  the  prolpecl  is  beautiful 
and  extenfivei  variegated  by  many  !n- 
«qnalttfet}  and  fine  meadows,  fepuated 
by  innumerable  copfes,   the  trees  of 
which  are  of  different  kinds,  but  moftly 
ofwalnutandoak.    The  elevated^  open, 
and  airy  fituation  of  this  coantrv,  ren- 
ders it  lefs  liable  to  fevers  and  agues 
(the  only  diforders  ever  known  in  its 
neighbourhood)  than  fonie  other  parts 
bordering  on  the  Miflifippi,  where  the 
want  of  a  fufficient  dulcent  to  convey 
tlie  waters  off,  occalions  numbers   of 
ftagn'ant  ponds  who(e  exhalations  infe6l 
the  air."     Another  traveHer  defcribes 
the  country    between  the  Tombigbee. 
and  the  Coofa  ahd  Alabama  as  being 
healthy,  well  watered  with  many  plea- 
fant  rivulets,  affording  delightful  ntua- 
tions  for  fettlements,  and   the  water 
pure  and  very  good. 

To  give  a  juft  view  of  the  rivers,  and 
to  afcertain  the  advantages  derived  fi-om 
riiem  to  this  territory,  'it  is  neceflary  to 
trace  them  from  their  mouths  in  \he 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  Miflifippi  bounds 
this  territory  on  the  W.  The  free  na- 
vigation of  this  noble  river  is  now  enjoy- 
ed by  the  inhabitants  of  the  United 
States.  It  empties,  by' feveral  mouths 
of  diiferent  depths,  from  9  to  16  feet, 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  about  lat. 

29  N.  The  bars  at  the  mouth  of  this 
river  frequently  fliift  j  after  paflingthem 
into  the  river,  there  is  from  3  to  10  fa- 
thoms of  water,  as  far  as  the  S.  W.  pafs; 
and  thence  to  the  Miflburi,  a  diftance  of 
1,141  computed  miles,  is,  15,  zo,  and 

30  fathoms  is  the  genc^l  depth. 

In  afcending  the  Miflifippi  there  are 
cxtenflve  natural  meadows,  with  a  prof- 
pe£l  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  each  (tde, 
the  diftance  of  3 X  miles,  toa  place  called 
Detour- aux-Plaquemlnes,  in  W.  Flo- 
rida. Thence  20  miles  to  the  fettle- 
ments, the  banks  are  low  and  marfliy, 
generally  overflowed  and  Corvered  with 
thick  wood^  palmetto  bufhcs,  &c.  appa- 
rently impenetrable  by  man  or  beaft-. 
T'hencf  to  Oecoui«d«8-^nglois,  at  the 


GEO'        *      t9i 

bend  of  tht  rivvr*  ^  ImmI*  ^  w 
inhabited }  as  aUb  frMi  heM^  to  Hew- 
Orleaits  it  milcfl,  wMdir  ditinc^  then 
is  a  Rood  road  for  carrfa^i.  Vcftla 
pafs  from  the  tnouth  of  this  river  to 
New  Orleans  105  piUet,  in  7  or  f  day«t 
commonly  {  fottietlmet  in  t  or  4. 

From  Mihv-Ortean*,  the  cipitai  of 
Louifiana,  there  is  an  eaiy  communica- 
tion yrith  Weft-Florida  by  Bayonk 
Creek,  which  is  a  water  of  lake  Ponch* 
artrain,  naidgable  for  veflel*  drawing 
tour  feet  water,  fix  miles  up  from  th«  " 
lake,  to  a  landing  plaae  two  miles  from 
New  Orleans.  For  nearlv  50  miles,  a* 
you  proceed  ap  the  river,  ooth  its  banka 
are  fettled  and  highly  cultivated,  in  pait 
by  emigrants  frOm  Germany,  who  ftir> 
nifli  the  market  with  indigo  of  a  fup<:> 
rior  quality,  cotton  rice,  beans,  myrtle, 
wax,  ami  lumber.  In  1761,  fome  rich 
planters  attempted  the  cultivation  of 
canes  and  the  making  of  fugar,  and 
ereAed  mills  for  the  purpofe.  This  fu- 
gar was  of  an  excellent  quality,  and 
lome  of  the  crops  were  large )  but  fome 
winters  proving  fo  fevere  as  to  kill  the 
canes,  nodepoidencecanbe  placed  on 
the  culture  of  that  article.  ^^ 

The  fettlements  of  the  Acadians, 
which  were  begun  in  the  year  1763, 
extend  on  both  fides  of  the  river,  from 
the  Germans,  to  the  river  Ibbervftie, 
which  is  99  miles  above  New-Oi-ieansV 
and  «7o  from  Fenfacola,  by  way  of  lakes  ■ 
Ponchartr^n  and  Maurrpas. 

At' Point  Coupee,  35  miles  above  the 
Ibbei'ville,  are  fettlements  extending  to 
miles  on  the  W.flde  of  the  river,  which 
30  years  ago,  had  2,000  white  inhabi- 
tants, and  7,000  flaves,  who  were  em- 
ployed in  the  cultivation  of  tobacco, 
indigo,  Indian  corn,  &c.  for  the  New- 
Orleans  market,  which  they  ftimifhed 
alio  with  |ioultry,  and  abundance  of 
fquared  timber,  naves,  &c. 

Mr.   Hutchins,    from   his   perfonal 
knowledge,    defcribes  the  country  on 
both  fides  of  the  Miflifippi,  between  thtf  • 
latitudes    30.    and    31.   bordering  oil 
Georgia,  as  follows :         . 

.«'  Although  this  country  might  pro- 
duce all  the  valuable  articles  rnifc^  in 
other  parts  of  the  globe,  fituated  in  the 
fame  latitudes,  yet  the  inhabitants  prin- 
cipally cultivate  indigo,  ric£,  tobacco, 
Indian  corn,  and  fome  wheat ;  and  they 
raif'e  Urge  fbcks  of  black  cattle,  Iwfes, 
mules,  hogs,  flicep,  and  poultry.  Tli« 

iheeji 


# 


1^  t^Ed' 

tm^  «•  AU  tpi  nmkt  the  JRwMteft 
1— Wnii.l»  thit  wqkU.  The  black  cattle* 
«*«i  61  flMmgh  for  (aK  w^ch  they 
mmmmAim  the  year  roiMMi;  are  drtv. 
m  Hnb  tbe  oonntry  to  New.OrleaM» 
i|4iBr«  then  U  ahmya.  a  |ood  market. 

Thia  coontty  iaMrincipaUv  timbered 
«<^  all  Ibe  dittennt  kuidt  of  oiJc»  bat 
noftly  with  li«t>«ak»  of  the  largeft  and 
left  qwlity*  uncommonly  large  cyprefi» 
black  4*amit»  hklMiy>  white  aih»  cher- 

lyt  Flmn*  popiv  *>*<■«  ^""^  V*V^  ^inc*  i 
nwe  aa  found  alio  a  great  variety  of 
Ibruba  and  medicinal  roote.  The  lands 
bordering  tlK  riven  and  laket*  are  scne- 
nUy  weUwoodedt  but  m  a  finilU  ditUnce 
fpom  tbcin  arc  very  extenfive  natural 
roeadoera>  or  Avannas,  of  the  inoft  lux- 
«iriant  kU,  compoftd  of  a  biack  mould* 
about  one  and  a  ^alf  feet  deep*  very 
loole  and  rich*  occafioned  in  part*  by 
the  frequent  burning  of  the  lavannas  } 
below  toe  black  moukl  ia  a  ftiff  clay  of 
different  cotoori.  It  ie  faid*  thi«  clav* 
after  being  expofTeJ  ibme  time  to  the 
fiu)*  becomea  A>  bard*  that  it  is  difli«ilt 
eitber  to  break  or  boid*  but  when  wet 
by  a  li^^ht  fliower  of  rain,  it  Slackens  in 
the  fame  numner  as  lime  does  when  «x- 
poftd  to  liiaifture*  ind  becomes  loofe 
and>  moulders  away  after  which  it  is 
feiuad  excellent  for  vegetatkm/* 

After  paffing  the  31(1  degree  of  N. 
lat.  firom  W.  Florida  into  Georgia*  you 
enter  what  is  called  the  Natebnt  Cfiim- 
trft  bordering  on  the  Miffifippi.  Fort 
Roiiulie,  in  this  country*  is  in  uU.  31 .  40. 
243;  miles  above  Ncw^Orleans. 

<f;  The  fi>il  of  this  country  is  Aiperior 
to  any  of  the  lands  on  the  holders  of 
the  river  Miffifippi*  for  the  produJEtion  of 
many  articles.  Its  fituation  beiiw  high- 
er* al&nls  a  mater  variety  of  foil,  and 
}a  in  a  more  favourable  climate  for  the 
growth  (tf  vdieat*  rye*  barley,  oats,  &c. 
than  the  country  lower  down,  and 
ncaicr  to  the  fea.  The  fml  alfo  pro- 
duces in  equal  abundance*  Indian  com, 
>ioe*  hem^  flax*  indico*,  cotton,  pot- 
herbs* piufe  of  every  kind*  and  paftur- 
age;  and  the  tobacco  made  here,  is 
cfteemed  preferable  to  any  cultivated  in 
«ther  parts  of  America.  Hops  grow 
wild  }  all  kinds  of  European  fruits  arrive 
to  great  perfeftion  and  no  part  of  the 
knowA  world  is  more  favourable  for  the 
raUing  of  every  kind  of  ftock.  The 
r^ng  grounds*  which  are  clothed  with 
ipnft  Mid  other  facrba  of  the  fined  ver- 


bkd 

diire,  irir  wttt  adapted  to  the  fctitti 
ture  of  vhMsi  idK  mulbairry  tl«ea  att 
very  numerous,  and  the  mnteira  fuft- 
ciently  moderate  fiair  the  bited  of  filk 
worms.  Chiy  of  diflbrent  cololtrs*  fit 
for  glaA  worki  and  potteiy*  is  feamd 
here  in  great  abiindancc}  and  alfo  a 
variety  cl  ftatdy  timber*  At  fbt  houft 
and  fliip  building,  &c;" 

Another  gentMman,  well  infbnhod,^ 
&ys,  **  The  lands  on  the  Miffifippi*  ex- 
tending  eaftward  about  ao  miles*  are 
hilly*  without  ftones  or  fand,  extremely 
rich*  of  a  deep  bbck  foil*  cover^l  thicK 
with  canes*  white  and  black  oak*  walnut^, 
hickory,  a<h,  fome  fogar  maple,  beecb« 
and  dogwood  {  that  tMre  are  very  fe^ 
ftreams  or  fprhiffa  of  watery  that  the 
water  is  not  good,  and  tafles  as  if  im^ 
pregnated  with  fulphur  \  that  the  coun- 
try is  much  infefted  with  infeAs  {  that 
tKe  land  is  high  and  bluff  three-fourtha 
of  the  diftance  along  the  rivrr  Mifllfippir 
and  a  part  overflowed  and  drowned." 
But  Y'  is  apprehended  that  this  defcrip^ 
tion  is  not  perfectly  juft ,  fo  far  as  it  ap*' 
plies  to  t  e  fcarcity  and  badnefs  of  the 
water)  as.  a  gentleman^  of  rerpe6lable 
character, '  who  reiided  9  months  at  the 
Natchez,  fays,  "The  lands  on  the  Mif* 
fifippi  are  more  level,  and  better  water- 
ed, than  is  above  reprefented  ;  and  that 
the  water  is  good,  and  the  country 
healthy  and  remarkably  pleafaut." 

This  country  was  once  famous  for  ita 
inhabitants,  the  Natchez  Indians  {  who* 
from  their  great  numbers,  and  the  im- 
proved ftate  of  fociety  among  them, 
were  confidered  as  tKe  moft  civilised 
Indians  on  the  continent  of  America* 
Nothing  now  remains  of  this  nation  but 
their  name*  by  which  their  country 
continues  to  be  called  <  The  diftriil  of 
the  Natchez,  as  well  as  all  along  the 
eaftem  bank  of  the  Miflilippi  to  the  riv- 
er Ibberville,  was  fettling  very  fail  by 
emigrations  from  the  northern  States* 
till  the  capture  of  the  firitiOi  troops  on 
the  Miflinppi*  1779*  put  an  entke  flop 
to  it. 

*•  From  fort  Hofailie  to  the  Petit 
Goufre  is  %i\  miKs.  There  is  a  firm 
rock  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  Miffifippi 
for  near  a  mile,  which  fecnw  to  be  of 
the  nature  of  lime-ftone.  The  land  near 
the  rivcT  is  much  broken  and  very  high* 

with 
-  -  -■      ^ 

*  Mr.  Ifaac  Perry,  of  Burke  county* 
Georgia. 


Iw  ttffk 
vet  ai« 
•  fuflli. 
of  iilk 
m»  fit 
favad 
mlfoa 
r  hooTt 


of 


QEQ 

with  a  Mod  (oil,  «ni)  fevcnl  plMtatloM  | 
op  it.  From  tht  Petit  Ooufiv  to  Steney  | 
t'iftr,  it  4i  milct.    From  die  niouth  to 
what  it  called  the  fork  of  thit  river,  ia 
computed  to  hn  ai  milet.    Ia  thit  diA 
tance  there  are  fereral  quarrict  of  ttona, 
and  the  land  hat  a  clay  foil,  with  gravd 
on  the  fiirface  of  the  growid.    On  the 
north  fide  of  this  river,  the  laod  in  ge- 
neral it  low  and  rich  { that  on  the  foutb 
fide  it  much  higncr,  but  broken  into 
hillt  and  valet )  but  here  the  low  landt 
are  not  often   overflowed}    both  iidet 
are  (haded  with  a  variety  of  ufeful  tim- 
ber.   At  the  fork,  the  river  parts  al- 
moft  at  rieht  angles,  and  the  lands  be- 
tween and  on  each   fide  of  them  aix 
faid  to  be  clay  and  marl  foil,  not  fo  un- 
even at  the  lands  on  this  river  lowpr. 
down.    From    Stpney  river  to  Loufa 
Chitto,  or  Big  Black  river,  is  lomiles. 
This  river,  at  the  mouth,  is  about  30 
yards  wide,  but  within,  from  30  to  50 
yards,  and  it  faid  to  be  navigable  for 
canoes  30  or  40  leagues.    About  a  mile 
and  a  hialf  up  this  river,  the  high  lands 
are  cloie  on  the  right,   and  are  much 
broken.    A  mile  and  a  h?lf  further, 
the  high  lands  appear  again  on  the 
risht,  where  there  are  ieveral  fprings 
ofwater,  but  none  at  yet  have  been  dif. 
covered  on  the  left.    At  about  8  milet 
fiirther,  the  high  landt  are  near  the  riv- 
er, on  the  left,  and  appear  to  be  the 
fame  range  that  comet  from  the  Yazoo 
cliffs.    At  fix  miles  further,  the  high 
lands  are  near  the  river  on  both  fides, 
and  continue  for  two  or  thi^ee  miles, 
but  broken  and  full  of  fprings  ofwater. 
This  land  on    the  left  was  choien  by 
Gen.  Putnam»Capt.  Enos,  Mr.  Lyman, 
and  other   New-England  adventurers, 
as  a  proper  place  for  a  town  j  and,  by 
order  of^  the  governor  and  council  of 
Weft-Florida,  in  1773,  it  was  referved 
for  the  capital.     The  country  round  is 
veiy  fit  for  fettleinents.     For  four  or 
five  miles  above   this   place,  on  both 
fides  of  the  river,  the  land  is  rich,  and 
net  fo  mucK  drowned,  nor  fo  uneven, 
as  fome  parts  lower  down.    About  fix 
miles  and  a  half  further,  there  is  a  ra- 
pid  water,  ftones  and  gravel  bottom,  160 
yards  in  length ;    and    in  one  place  a 
firm  rock  almoft  acrofs  the  river,  and 
as  much  of  it  bare,  when  the  water  is 
at  a  moderate  height,  as  confines  the 
fiream  to  nearly  ao  ftet ;  and  the  chan- 
nel it  about  four  feet  deep. 


GEO  If  I 

Fran  tht  ioufh  Chitto  «o.t}M  ¥««• 
Cliffii,  it>4«  miiw.    From  tUt  oliff tiM 
high  laada  lie  aofth.<««iwMfd«wl  ihiMlH 
(butlwcaftward,  ktaring  off  froti  tht 
river,  full  of  cane  and  ncH  follt  vnmnm 
the  very  highefl  fidget.    Juft  ««  tha  S. 
end  of  the  clifft«  the  ba»k  it  low»  when 
the  water  of  the  Miififippi,  when  Wgl^ 
flowt  hack  and  roiu  wtwecn  tht  hSm 
and  high  land,   which  raiMta  war^ 
northerly  and  fouth-  fouth-cafterly  to  tilt 
Loufa  Chitto,    occafioning  mii«h  wet 
ground,  cypreft  fwamp,  aad  ii^puHtt 
pondt.    From  the  CUnii,  it  fevcn  miles 
and  a  half  to  the  ri«"  r  Yaxoo.    The 
mouth  of  thit  river  i*  «pwardt  of  109 
yardt  in  width,  -and  was  found  by  Mr. 
Gaiil  to  be  in  lat.  3S.37.  ^nd  by  Mr.Fur- 
cell  in  3«.a8.N.  The  water  of^thc  MiSi 
fippi,  when  the  river  is  high,  runs  up  tht 
Yazoo  feveral  miles,  and  emptiet  itfcUF 
again  by  a  number  of  channels,  which 
dire£i  tneir  c^rfe  acroft  the  country^ 
and  fall  in  above  the  Walnut  Hillt.  The 
Yazoo  runt  from  the  N.  E.  and  g^idet 
through  a  healthy,  fertile  and  pleafant 
country,  greatly  refembling  that  about 
the  Natchez,  particularly  in  the  luxuri* 
ancy  and  diverfity  of  itt  ibil^  vuriety  of 
timber,  temperature  of  climate,  and  de* 
lightful  fituation.  It  it  remarkably  wdl 
watered  by  fpringt  and  brookt ;  manjr 
of  the  latter  afford  convenient  feats  for 
mills.    Further  up  this  river  tht  canet 
are  lefs  frec^uent,  ami  fmalier  in  fiie^ 
and  at  the  diflance  of  10  miles  there  are 
fcarcely  any.     Here  the  countiy  is  clear 
of  under-wood,  and  well  watered,  and 
the  foil  very  rich,  which  continues  to 
the  Chaftaw  and  Chickafaw  towns,  on 
the  eaftem  and  norrh-weftem  branches 
of  Yazoo  river.    Thefe  branches  unite 
50  miles  from  the  Miflifippi,  following 
the  courfe  of  the  river ;  the  navigation 
to  their  jutt6lion,  commonly  called  the 
Fork,  is  praAicabie  with  very  large  boats 
in  the  fpring  feafon,  and  with  fmalier 
ones  a  confiderable  way  futther,  with 
the  interruption  of  but  one  fall,  where 
they  are  obliged  to  make  a  fhort  port* 
age,  ao  miles  up  the  N.W.  branch,  and 
70  miles  fit)m  the  Miflifippi.  The  coun* 
try  in  which  the  Cha£Uw  and  Chicka* 
faw  towns  are  fituated,  is  faid  to  be  at 
healthy  at  any  part  of  the  continent, 
the  nativea  fcarcely  ever  being  ficlb 
Such  of  them  at  frequent  the  Miififippi, 
leave  its  banks  at  the  fummer  approach* 
esf  left  they  «mghtp«!takc.«f:taKft vert 
«  that 


t^i  O  B  O 

ftM  femitMies  vifit  th*  low,  fwumpy 
hmlibMvlcringwpon  that  river.  Wheat, 
it  h  kU,  yicldt  better  it  titc  Yntoe  than 
■I  tl*  Natchet*  owing  prohably  to  Itt 
MRM«  Wthem  fiiaation.  One  very  con< 
tfderable  advantafre  will  attend  thcftt- 
tkraon  the  river  Yafoo,  which  thofe  at 
iriie  Natchex  will  be  de;;>rived  of,  with- 
0nc  going  to  a  creat  expenfe  {  that  ii, 
the  DUltding  mth  ftone,   there  being 

Ct  plenty  near  the  Yasoo,  btit  none 
]ret  been  diftovered  nearer  to  tlie 
Nutchia  than  the  Petit  Gouf'rev  or  Little 
Whirlpool,  a  diftmce  of  about  31  milei. 
Between  this  place  and  the  Balise,  there 
ia  not  a  done  to  be  feen  any  where  nrir 
the  river.  Though  the  quantity  of 
sood  land  on  the  Miififippi  and  its 
branchee,  firom  the  Bay  of  Mexico  to 
the  river  Ohio,  a  diftance  of  nearly  one 
thoufand  miles,  it  vaftly  great,  and  the 
conveniences  attending  it ;  fo  llkewife 
wb  may  etteem  that  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  Natchez,  and  of  the  river 
Yaaoo,  the  flovwr  of  it  all. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  up  the  Vazoo 
river,  on  the  N.  fide,  there  it  a  large 
creek,  which  communicates  with  the 
Miffifippi  aliove  the  river  St.  Francis, 
about  100  leagues  higher  up,  by  the 
courieof  the  river.  It  pafles  through 
lisveral  lakes  by  the  way.  At  the  dif- 
tance  of  is  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
rivei' Yatoo.  on  the  8.  fide,  are  the  Ya- 
aoo hills.  There  is  a  cliff  of  (olid  rock 
at  the  landing  place,  on  which  are  a  va- 
riety of  broken  pieces  of  fea-ftiells,  and 
ibme  entire.  Four  miles  further  up,  is 
the  place  called  the  Ball  Oroond,  near 
which  a  church,  fort  St.  Peter,  and  a 
French  fettlement,  formerly  ftood. 
They  were  dcftroyeil  by  the  Ya-zoo  In- 
dians in  1 719.  That  nation  is  now  en- 
tirely extinft."    [HuUhins.'] 

From  about  so  miles  eaftward  of  the 
Midifippi,  to  Half  way  or  Pearl  river, 
the  diftance  of  about  <)o  miles,  (rome 
fay  lefs)  is  *•  a  fine,  level  co\iiUry,  very 
fertile,  and  better  watereil  than  nearer 
the  Miinfippi.  There  is  fome  mixture 
of  fand  with  loam,  the  timber  the  fame, 
with  the  addition  of  black-jack,  and 
poft.oak.  This  ti*aft  is  Interfperfedwith 
what  the  French  caH  Prairies  or  Sa<x)an- 
nas,  which  are  extenfrve  intervjals  of 
1000  and  aooo  acrcii  of  excellent  land, 
of  a  deep  black  foil,  free  of  ail  timlter 
and  trees.  It  is  this  kind  of  land  which 
the  Indianaxultivate.    Fren>  th«  Mtfll- 


O  B  O 

fijpp!  to  thti  river,  there  are  no  Indiana* 
To  a  traA  of  thif  eountryi  extending 
along  the  hiifliftppi  from  the  ^ift  de- 
gree df  latltodc  to  the  Yasoo  river,  at 
the  8.  end,  ]o  milei  wide,  and  narrow- 
ing as  yoii  proceed  northerly  to  t!ie 
wMth  of  15  miles,  the  Indian  title  haa 
been  extingtiifhed.  It  was  at  firil  pur- 
chaled  by  the  Englifh;  but  they  not 
having  completed  the  payment  for  it, 
before  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Spaniards,  they,  (the  Spaniards)  in  the 
yvar  179s,  paid  the  balance.  At  Wal- 
nut Hills,  the  Spaniards  have  a  fort, 
which,   according   to  treaty  is  to  be 

given  up  (if  not  already  done)  to  the 
nited  States.  To  the  country  N.  of 
the  Yazoo,  the  Indian  title  is  not  yet 
extinguifhni.  About  one  half  of  the 
Ibuthera  part,  a  diftance  of  about  50 
miles  up  the  Yazoo,  is  owned  by  the 
Chaftaws,  the  northern  half  by  the 
Chickafaws."  The  gentleman  who 
gives  the  tibove  information,  and  who 
was  in  this  country  in  the  year  179*1 . 
fays,  **  that  the  Yazoo  is  about  90  yardat 
wide{  is  boatablo  100  miles )  that  he 
eroded  the  country  by  different  routes, 
3  or  4.  times- from  the  Miflifippi  to  the 
Tomhigbee )  pafTed  over  the  Yazoo  fe-^ 
veral  times  ;  went  up  and  down  the  river 
on  the  fhore,  and  fays  that  the  landi* 
to  the  E.  of  the  Yazoo  (the  dillance 
of  about  I  do  miles)  are  very  excel- 
lent." 

Pearl  river  Is  about  40  yards  wide  j  a 
branch  of  it  painng  E.  of  the  Natchez  and 
neareft,  in  Coxe*s  map,  bears  the  name 
of  Buffaloe  river.  On  the  E.  fide  of 
Pearl  river,  commence  the  ChaAaw  fet- 
ttcments,  and  extend  thick  to  the  Chick- 
afaw  Hay  river;  thence,  about  40  miles 
eaftward,  the  fettlement  s  are  fparfe,  and 
extend  near  to  the  Tombigbee.  This 
is  a  numerous  nation,  containing  about 
jooo  hunters,  a  peaceable  and  friendly 
people.  The  country  inhabited  b/ 
thefe  Indians  is  noted  in  Coxe's  map,  to 
be  "  poor  and  barren  land,  covered  ge- 
nerally with  long-leafed  pine."'  Other 
accounts  reprelent  it  as  much  the  fame 
as  that  between  the  Mifliifippi  and 
Pearl  rivers,  with  the  addition  of  fome 
pine  land,  and  better  wattred.  The 
ftreams  on  which  the  Chaflaws  are  fet- 
tled, as  laid  down  on  Coxc*s  map,  are, 
proceeding  from  W.  to  E.  the  Homa- 
chitta,  (called  byPurcell  Hottaphatcha) 
Cha£law,  and  Souhawtee,  which  unite, 

and 


OBO 

inA  tht  wla  Annm  fonlM  iht  mom 
of  UoMeblttt  ttt  it  cmpdM  into  the 
Oulfomimko.  TMtitpralMliljrtht 
iiiiM  r^Nr  tlMt  Ha^iMcill»Fdllag«u> 
la  I  whteh  A*.  Tht  iMd  bluMlw*  of 
thii  rifvr  t^ftnd  csMafivtly  tliroagb 
the  nortbcni  ftart  «f  this  Icfrltoiyt 
cbieily  «vcftward  of  tht  Chafttwnatidn. 
White,  or  Bluff  river,  on  Cose'i  map, 
appears  to  rift  in  about  lat.  33.  N.  talus 
a  couKe  to  the  E.  of  the  Cluiaa«rs>  and 
empties  into  the  Tontbi||beet  ftmc  dif- 
tince  bdow  the  liead  oT  the  tide  water, 
and  is  laid  down  as  about  the  fiae  of 
Pearl  rirer. 

Prom  the  compaA  fcttlements  of  the 
ChaAawa  Mftward  to  the  wtllem 
branches  of  the  Tombigbec,  the  land  is 
tolerably  |;oodi  the  timber  generally 
oak  and  pinet  with  Tome  hickory,  well 
watered  and  level.  Of  this  kind  is  the 
country  a  diAance  of  about  40  miles  W. 
of  the  weftem  branches  of  the  Tombig- 
hee  { thence  to  the  Tombigbec,  the  land 
it  more  uneven,  interfperftd  with  larve 
ikvannas,  and  the  whole  generally 
good  land,  and  pretty  well  watered) 
the  water,  however,  has  a  limytafte. 
The  natural  erowth  much  the  fame  as 
on  the  Miflil^pi.  The  intervale,  or  as 
they  call  it  in  this  country,  the  bottom 
tamls,  are  generally  about  a  mile  wide 
on  the  river,  extremely  rich,  and  thick- 
ly overgrown  with  canes.  This  gene- 
ral defcription  will  apply  to  the  whole 
traft  belonging  to  the  **  Georgia  Mifli- 
fippi  Company."  Mr.  Coxe,  on  his 
map,  remarks  that,  *<  On  the  Tombig- 
bee  and  Alabama  rivers  there  are  bodies 
of  fine  rich  land,  but  lowdown,  towards 
Mobile  bay,  unhealthy." 

We  have  now  arrived  eaftward  to  the 
Mobile,  the  principal  river  in  this  terri- 
tory. *'  On  the  bar  at  the  entrance  of 
the  bay  of  Mobile,  there  is  only  about 
15  or  16  feet  water;  two-thirds  of  the 
way  through  the  bay,  towards  the  town 
of  Mobile,  there  is  from  two  to  three 
fathoms ;  and  the  deepeft  wa(er  to  be 
depended  on  in  the  upper  part  cf  the  bay 
19  only  10  or  is  feet,  and  in  many 
places  not  fo  much.  Large  vefTels  can- 
not go  within  feveri  miles  of  the  town." 
[HutchinsJl  ««  This  hay  is  about  30 
miles  long,  and  from  10  to  is  widek 
T!"^  tide  flows  60  or  70  miles  above  this 
bay,  and  is  fo  far  navigable  for  fea  veffels. 
Thence  150  or  soo  miles  north,  is  good 
boat  navigation,  fmooth  water,  geit«> 


O  S  O  1^1 

rally  tto  to  t|»  yivda  «idik  and  tjgh' 
to  10  fast  daapb"  (If.  S,  WmUHMm 
Mt,  P«Hy.\    «•  Tha  bay  of  NftMto 
tcffflinatas  allttlt  to  tht  Bgrtb>«afKi(irA 
of  tha  town,  in  •  numbar  of  warftaa 
uA  lagoons  I  which  fbUaft  tha  paopk 
tw  .Vvars  and  stiMh,  Ui  nw  hot  mSm,* 
Tht  river  Mobile,  as  yon  afttad  It,  dl- 
vidts  into  two  principal  branehtt,  ahout 
40  miles  abovt  tht  town)  ont  of  which, 
callad  tht  Tanftw,  fclla  into  tht  talk 
part  of  tht  bay }  tht  othtr  tmptits  itftlf 
cloft  by  tht  town,  #hert  it  has  a  btf  of 
7  ftct  I  but  thart  is  a  branch  a  littla  to 
the  taftward  of  this,  ca!      jpanifh  rlvti^ 
where  there  is  a  channti  oi  9  or  10  f«ct» 
when  the  water  is  high  1  but  this  jofam 
Mobilt  river  about  »  Itagusa  abo^  tho 
town.   Two  or  three  leagues  aboyv  tho 
Tanfaw  branch,  the  Alabama  rivtr  ftllli 
into  Mobilt  river,  after  running  fhmi 
the  north>eaf^  a  eourft  of  about  130 
miles)  that  is,  from  Alabama  fort,  ft* 
tuatcdatthe  conincnce  of  the  Coefli* 
and  Tslipoofte,  both  very  conitdtrablo 
rivers)  on  whkh  ind  their  branchta 
are  the  chief  fettlcments  of  the  Upptr 
Creek  Indians.    The  Prench  fiart  at 
Alabama  was  evacuated  f763»  andhaa 
not  fince  been  sarrifbntd.    Above  the 
confluence  of  Alabama  and  Mobilt»  dio 
latter  is  called  the  Torabigbee  rivets 
from  the  fort  of  Tombigbec,  fituatad  on 
the  weft  fide  of  it,  aMut  96  league* 
above  the  town  of  Mobile.    Tbe  fburc* 
of  this  river  is  reckoned  to  be  about  40 
leagues  hif*«er  up»  in  the  country  of  tho 
Chickaliiw..    The  fort  of  TomMgbto 
was  taken  pofleflion  of  by  the  En^Uh* 
but  abandoned  again  in  1767^  by  oixl«r 
of  the  commandant  of  Penfacola.    The 
river  is  navigable  for  floops  and  fchoon* 
er«  about  35  leaguH  above  the  town  of 
Mobile.    The  banks,  where  low,  are 
partly  overflowed  in  the  rainy  fealbns^ 
which  adds    greatly  to  the  foil,    and 
adapts  it  mrticiilarly  to  the  cultivation  ■ 
of  nee.    The  fides  of  the  river  are  co- 
vered in  many  places  with  large  canest 
fo  thick  that  thev  are  almoft  impenetra- 
ble ;  there  is  alk>  plenty  of  remarkable 
large  red  and  white  cedar,  cyprefs,  elm* 
afli,  hickoi'y,  and  Various  kinds  of  oak. 
Several  ptople  have  fettled  on  this  t\tr. 


*  Mr.  Coxe,  in  hit  map,  extendi  Mobile 
Bay  fone  diftancc  north  ot'  the  31  ft  degree 
of  lititUdCk  Other  accounts  fay  this  hsf' 
does  not  extsoA  iote  the  Stats  of  Oeenta.    ' 

N  who 


ptwii>»«   Tin  lind*  new  ik»  meudi 
•f  Um  Mabilt  river  km  nmraUy  low  i 
My**  prMMdufvardna  tw  luA  grows 
^■b«r«  •«<  aMqr  wkS  propriety  m  di- 
vMii  imp  tiMW  iagcs.  FirA*  kiwric* 
hwdti  «n  or  immt  Ihe  banlu  of  the  river* 
of  a  moft  cxcflUMi  quiJity.    Secondly* 
whot  art  calbii  liy  the  pcoplr  of  too 
cettnt«y»  f«r4iil  low  InWIh  or  levtl  flat 
<M)e  lMid«»  a^out  4,  or  5  feet  higher 
Itoi  tb«  low  rict  ianJa.    Ai\^  thirdly, 
llw  high  tipland  or  open  country.    Toe 
irftt  or  Ww  lMil(»  extend  ibout  an  half 
ov  thrM^qoartere  of  a  mile  from  tht  riv- 
5|ff»  .and  may  almoft   evory  when  be 
iiAlgjr  drained  aad  turned  into  moft  ea* 
««llaat  rice  6eld«»  and  are  capable  of 
hiripflilaid  uader  w«ter  at  almoft  all  l«a- 
fima  of  the  year.     They  are  a  doep 
Maek  mud  011  fliose,  which  have  in  a  (iic- 
ce^on  of  time  been  accumulated*  or 
£w°racd  by  the  overiowing  of  the  river. 
The  I'econd  low  groupda  being*  in  ge- 
neral* formed  by  a  regular  rifing  of 
about  4  or  5  feet  higher  than  the  low 
laoda*  apiKac  to  have  been  originally 
Ae  edge  of  the*river.   The  fecond  claU 
or  kind  of  land  in  in  general  extremely 
rich,  and  covered'  with  large  timber  smd 
thkU  ftrong  caaea*  extending  in  width 
VpQ9  an  average  thrce^auartera  of  a 
■ule(,and  in  general  a  perfe£l  level.    It 
if,  qwcilent  tor  all  kinda  of  grain*  and 
wfU  calculated  for  the  culture  of  indigo, 
h^fj  flax*  or  tobacco.    At  the  extre> 
auty  of  tlteie  fixond  grouoda,  you  come 
10  what  ia  called,  the  hi|j;h  or  uplande* 
iprhich  ia  covemd  with  pine*  oak,  and 
hitkor]^  and  othor  kinds  of  large  tim- 
her.    The  foil  ia  of  a  good  ^ality* 
bHt  much  inferior  to  the  fecond  or  low 
land*  Itanfwera  well  for  raifing  Indian 
r  in*  potatoes*  and  every  thing  elfe  that 
^  .i^ta  in  a  dry  foil.    Furthct'  out  in 
{like  coimtry  again,  on  the  weft  fide  of 
abii  rivff*  you  eome  to  a  pine  barren, 
with  eaitenfivc  reed  fwamps  and  natural 
ijaeadows  07  iavannaa,  which  afioixl  ex> 
ceUcnt  rahgea  for  innumerable  herda  of 
cattle.   On  the  eaft  of  the,  river  Mobile, 
towarda  the  river  Alabama,  is  one  en- 
tire  extended  rich  cane  country,  not  in- 
fjpprior*  pnhape,  to  any  in  America. 
Whenever  poirtacea  are  made  between 
the  Mobile  and  TenaeflSie  river,  or  their 
branches*  which  are  proj^ably  byt  a  few 
miles  apart,  the  Mobile  wiL  be  the  firft 
river  f(>r  coauiiercc  O^.'^fii&Bf^i  ex- 


010 

CMltd>btMaf«rtor*««irk',  Mil 
aiUdi  tht  ihomft  uWI  mft  din4^ 


miwiicaiiett  10  tkt  Ai.**    (MNrAfM.] 

U  addltios  to*  miA  cooiriMiioii  of* 
the  abota  aaoouai  of  Capu  Hutehiai* 
(everal  other  gaiMknwi  of  iittelligcnco 
wIm  have  been  in  tbia  country,  lay  that 
**  Mm  Tombigbec  io  navigaUu  ior  lea 
veAla  60  mUee  into  the  State  of  Geor- 
gia |«"  others*  that  <•  it  is  navipkle  in 
boats  of  so  torn  up  to  tht  juaAkm  of 
to  and  ao  Milt  Creek,    The  Alabama 
and  Cooiii  art  navigable  for  boau  of  4* 
tons*  as  high  as  the  bi||  Omk  of  Coofii 
river.    The  principal  nvers  which  me- 
ander through  this  traA  of  country* 
are  Seprey's  and  Cant  Brakt  rivers* 
both  which  fall  into  the  Tombigbec* 
and  are  navigable  for  boats  as  high  as 
tlie  33d  degree  of  latitude}  and  the 
Cawhawbon  river,  which  falls  into  Ala- 
bama riVvr*  bekiw  the  junAion  of  Coo- 
(h  and  Oakfulkee,  are  boatable  aa  far  N. 
as  the  rivers  laft  mentioned.    The  ibii 
on  the  I.  fide  of  Tombigbec*  is  of  a\v 
reddiih  caft,  producing  naturally  oak*i* 
hickory*  and  abundance  of  very  high 
grafs.    The  country  appears  well  cal- 
:  culatad  for  the  culture  of  wheat*  corn* 
rye*  oats,  and  barley.    The  bottoms  or 
\  intervalfs  on  the  rivers  are  not  fubjeA 
to  inundations*    and    are  exceedingly 
rich.      The  country  is  well  watered 
with  good  wholelome  water.     Further 
north*  the  country  becomes  uneven  and 
fomewhat  hilly,  that  part  uarticubrly 
which  divides  the  waters  ot  Tombig- 
bec from  Teniieflce  river,  but  as  you 
defcend  to  a  lower  latitude*  the  country 
ia  more  level}   and  down  about  tht 
mouth  of  Cane  ^rake  river,  and  thenct 
acrofs  to  the  Alabama*  is  alinuft  one  e^i- 
tire  cane  brake." 

**  The  ridge  which  divides  the  Tom- 
bigbec and  Alabama  rivers  is  ftony*,  ' 
and  the  foil  inferior  to  that  on  the  riv- 
ers i  of  this  defcription  alfo  i<  tnc  coun- 
try lying  between  the  Cawhawbon  and 
Alabama  rivers }  but  the  bott9m  lands 
on  the  water  courfes  are  exceedingly 
rich.  The  country  is  pleafaut  and 
healthy,  being  generally  overgrown 
with  high  grafs,  well  calculnted  for 
farming,  particularly  for  raifing  cattle.> 
There  are  many  extcnfive  and  rich  bot- 
toms 

*  Col.  Hatamond*  latt  Surveyer  Osaeral 
of  Georgia. 


GEO 

t«M  of  Mat  had  «•  lU  AkbMMt 
Tht  rim  whMi  Ml«  iaiotiM  TiaMt- 


DM  Mat  AOOVf  Scpfljf*!  nfttt  BM  aNMa 

rick  laid  m  in  hn&h  wd  >•  boiMbk 
iMM  dUbaet  bi  dnaU  boaitt  aad  QiffMit 
into  muy  branclMh  tlVM|h  •  plMflM|t» 
hciUhy,  and  wtU  wttcnd  country.** 
iCuu't  M.  S.  ItiurA  A*  you  td- 
vmce  etftward  of  tht  Ahbwm,  in  tlM 
tcrritoiy  wt  m  dcfcribjag,  you  cam* 
firft  to  the  ErcimlMa  ri«r»  aiid  dun  ro 
tin  Ch«a«  Httclia,  or  Pw  river,  whicli 
C«pt.  Hutthins  thus  dercribet— '*  Tlic 
nver  Ercimbia  is  the  nnoft  cunAdenbli 
that  M\%  into  the  bay  of  Penl'acoU. 
See  g/cambim  River.  The  Ch«tta 
Hatcha  or  Pea  river,  which  alfo  headi 
in  the  Georgia  Weftem  Territory, 
empties  from  the  N.  E.  into  Rofe  Bay, 
which  is  90  mtiet  long  aiki  from  4  to  6 
broad.  The  bar  at  the  entrance  into 
the  bay  ha»  only  7  or  8  feet  water,  at 
(ieepeft  |  but,  after  ci-ofBng  the  bar,  h?« 
16  or  17  feet.  The  mouths  of  the  rir- 
er  (for  alnnoft  all  the  fouthem  rivers 
have  ieveral  mouths^  are  To  fltoal,  that 
only  a  fnttil  boat  or  canoe  can  pafs 
them.  Mr.  Hutchins  afcended  this 
river  about  75  miles,  and  found  that  its 
banks  very  much  refembled  thofeof  Ef- 
canibia.  Further  eaft  are  the  Appala- 
chicola,  Flint,  and  Alabaha  rivers,  which 
are  defcribed  under  their  refpeAive 
headsk 

The  northern  parts  of  this  Teri-itory 
are  watered  bv  the  great  bend  of  the 
Tenneflee,  and  its  tributary  ftrn^s. 
This  noble  river  bends  fouthward  as  far 
as  latitude  34.  15.  according  to  Capt. 
Hutchins*  map,  and  divides,  mto  nearly 
equal  parts,  the  uurchafe  of  the  Tetmtf- 
jte  Company.  North  of  the  Tenne0ee, 
in  this  purch<«le,  there  is  not  an  Indian 
inhabitant.  From  the  fouth,  the  Ten- 
nelTep,  in  its  couife  through  Georgia, 
receives,  befides  fmaiier  ftreams,  the 
Hiwaflee,  Chiccamauga,  andOccochap- 
po  or  Bear  Creek,  which  are  defcribed 
under  their  rel'pe£tive  heads.  Travel- 
lets  fpeak  of  the  lands  on  the  bend  of 
the  Tf  nneflee,  in  terms  of  the  higheft 
commendation. 

Of  the  territory  defcribed  above,  the 
State  of  Georgia,  by  aft  of  their  legifla- 
turr,  paffed  Jan.  7,  1705,  fold  about 
IX  millions  of  acres  to  four  different 
companies,  whofe  names  and  the  limits 
of  their  refpeftive  purchafes,  as  defined 
by  the  aa,  follow. 


G  B  O  i|r 

t.  «•  Ad  «Httnft«r  pirail^lMld  ii. 


whcrt  thcht.  SI .  N.  of  tkii  •quator  iJN|r> 
Mb  tito  faat,  nnaUaig  tUaib'  «*  thi 
(Ud  bay  to  tiw  meakh  oTthi  lik»TMH 
fhw|<  theaM  up  tka  <Ud  lakt  Ttiidnry' 
to  Ike  AUbiBNtriw,  liMladttif  CuAaya* 
•ad  all  other  Iflanda  tbCNini  tkmnr  up 
the  lUd  river  Akbuaa,  to  tk*  Jaaftioo 
of  tkc  Coofk  tad  OdkfdOMs  fivrnp* 
theac«  ua  the  Cooih  ilVcr,  ahov«  tb« 
Bi|  Shodi,  to  wheia  it  iatarftfta  tka 
latitude  of  34.  N.  of  the  tquator)  tkanci' 
a  due  W.  crarfk  to  the  MiiB  Appi  river  | 
thence  down  the  middle  of  tht  fhid  riv- 
er, to  the  laKtnde  of  3a.  40  {■  thrnct  a' 
due  E.  courfii  to  tHi  Dan  or  Tdnbitbeil 
river  I  theilce  dowa  the  middle  of  thaf 
raid  river  to  its  junaioa  with  tka  Ala- 
bama river)  thence  dowa  tht  middk 
of  the  (hid  river  to  Mobile  bayi  theaca 
ddwn  th«  faid  Mobile  bay,  to  the  phct 
of  befiniiing,  (ball  be  (bid  unto  Janiea 
Gunn,  Matthew  M'AUifker,  and  Oeorga 
Walker,  and  their  adbetatcs,  gulled 
*tht  QntfAm  CamfM^'* 

t,  **  All  that  traft  of  eoontiy,  indod- 
ing  ifUnds,  within  the  fellowiii|p  bbna^ 
daries,  vir.  brgiaaing  on  the  river  Mif- 
fifippi,  at  3 1 . 1 8.  N.Utt. thence  a  due  E. 
courfe  to  the  middle  of  Dhn  or  Torn- 
bigbee  river )  thence  up  tlie  middle  of 
the  faid  river  to  N.  lat.  3a.  40)  thenca 
a  due  W.  courfe  alonr  the  Georgia 
Compaiiy  line,  to  the  rivdr  MifTtfippi  f 
thence  down  tht  middle  df^  the  (artfe,  td 
the  pliice  of  beginning,  (hidl  be  foM  to 
Nicholas  Long,  Thonaa  GhUlbock*, 
Ambrofe  Gordon,  and  Tkamas  Cofn- 
mings,  and  their  a£B)ciat(a,  called  Tii 
Onrgia  Migj/ipfi  CtmptHifr 

3.  *<  All  that  traft  of  cfoontr^,  faiclad- 
ing  iflands,  within  the  followina  boon- 
daries,  viz.  beginning  at  the  Miflifipiil 
river,  where  the  northern  boundarv  J:na 
of  the  State  firikes  the  famej  thence 
along  the  faid  northern  boundary  line, 
due  £.  to  the  Tennsflee  river  {  dience 
along  the  faid  Tenneflfee  river,  to  the 
mouth  of  Bear  Creek ;  thence  up  Bear 
Creek,  to  where  the  parallel  of  latitude 
25  Britifli  ftatute  miles  S.  of  the  north- 
em  boundary  Ime  of  the  State  interfeAa 
the  fame;  thence  along  the  laft  men< 
tioned  parallel  of  latitude,  acrofs  Tom- 
bigbee  or  Twenty  Mile  Crec .:,  due  Vf . 
to  the  Miflifippi  river )  thence  up  the 
middle  of  the  faid  river,  to  the  begin  • 
ning,  (kail  bs  fold  to  John  B.  Scott, 

N  a  Jokn 


i^  GEO 

John  C.  N%btingak»  and  Wade  Hamp- 
t(M»  calkd  'Tbt  Vfptr  Mifflfifpi  Cm- 
fmjf. 

4-  "  All  that  traft  of  \w^^  including 
ifliuidt,«Kthin  the  following  boundaries, 
«c.  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  Bear 
Creek,  on  the  S.  fide  of  Tenneflee  river } 
thence  up  the  faid  creek  to  the  moft 
tbuthem  iburce  thereof;  thence  due  S 
tplat.  34..  iQ.N.thencedoeE.  iso  miles } 
'  thence  a  due  N.  courfe  to  the  Great 
Tenneflise  river;  thence  up  the  middle 
of  the  faid  river '  ^  the  northern  boun- 
dary line  of  the  State ;  thence  a  due  W. 
courfe  along  the  faid  line  to  where  it 
iflterfeAs  tiie  Great  Tenneflee  river,  be- 
low the  Mufcle  Shoals;  thence  up  the 
fitid  river  to  the  place  of  beginning, 
fltall  be  fold  tc  Zachdriah  Cox,  Mathias ' 
Maher,  and  their  aflbciates,  called  'The 
Ttmuffee  Cvmpaitf." 

The  .ame  law  ena6ts  alfo,  **  that  all 
lands  lying  weftward  and  fouthward  of 
the  eaftem  boundary  of  the  feveral 
Companies*  purchafes,  and  not  included 
therem,  cftimated  at  one-fourth  of  the 
whole  lands  lying  weftward  and  fouth- 
ward of  the  eaftem  boundary  of  the 
iaid  purchafes,  and  fuppofed  to  contain 
7,«  50,000  acres,  (hall  be,  and  the  fame 
is  hereby  declared  to  be  referved  and  fet 
apart  to,  and  for  the  ufe  and  benefit  of 
this  State,  to  be  granted  out,  or  other- 
wife  difpoled  of,  Hs  future  legiftatures 
may  direft."  XAS  of  Georgia  Legijla- 
ture^Jtm.  Jib,  »79S.] 

The  piirchafe-money,  amounting  to 
500,000  dollars,  was  duly  paid  by  the 
refpeftive  Cotnpanies,  into  the  State 
tfcafury  of  Georgia,  agreeably  to  the 
terms  of  the  aA.  This  land  was  foon 
after  ibid  by  the  original  Companies, 
to  various  eentlemeii,  principally  in  the 
Middle  and  Eaftern  States.  The  Tale 
of  this  territory  excited  a  warm  and  vi- 
olent oppofition  in  Georgia.  The  a£l 
authorifiog  this  (ale,  was  by  certain 
leading  men  in  the  State,  declared  to  be 
**  an  ufurped  afl,— repugnant  to  the 
principles  of  the  Federul  Conftitution, 
and  of  the  Conftitution  of  Georgia—- op- 
pofed  to  the  good  of  the  State,  and  ob- 
tained by  fraud,  atrocious  fpcculation, 
corruption  and  cullufion."  In  confc- 
quence  of  thefe  repre)i;ntatIons,  a  deter- 
mination was  formed  b  a  powerful  par- 
ty, to  ftt  afide  r^ncl  annul  at  the  fucceed- 
ixig  CttRon  of  tlu  legiflature,  (his  ofFen- 
Qve,  "  ttfurped  a&/'    Efforts  were  ac- 


GEO 

coidinglfmade,  and  withfuMeftjtodbk 
tain  »  legiflAture  fuitcd  to  the  accom^ 
plidiment  of  their  de6gns.'  Accordingly, 
on  tht  13th  of  Feb.  1796,  an  aft  was 
pafTed  declaring  the  above-mentiolied 
*  •  ufurped  aft"  null  and  void  t  and  all  the 
grants,  rights  and  claims  arifmg  there> 
from,  of  no  validity  or  eiFeft  ;  and  that 
the  faid  territory  was  the  fble  property 
of  the  State."  To  complete  the  utter  an> ' 
nihilation  of  this'odioiis  aft,  as  for  as  pof.^ 
fible,  the  legiflature  ordered,  that,  in  their 
prafence,  and  that  of  the  public  oflicert' 
of  the  State,  the  feveral  records,  docu-  - 
ments  and  deeds,  in  the  feveral  public  [ 
oiRces,  fhould  be  *'  expunged  from  th^' 
faces  and  indexes  of  the  books  of  record 
of  the  State}  and  the  enrolled  law,  or 
ufurped  aft,  publicly  burnt."  All  this 
was  accompliflied/ three  days  after  the 
paflling  of  tlie  aft.    Thefe  onprecedent- ' 
ed  proceedings,  were  attended  and  fol-' 
lowed  with  moft  difagreeable  and  tu>^ 
multuary  effefts.    The  m-iginal  pur<^ 
chafers  of  thefe  lands,  the  then  holder8»;\ 
and  all  thofe  who  had  been  intermedi-^* 
ately  concerned,  who  had  by  this  time 
become   a    nnmerous   and    refpeftable 
body,    fcattered    through  the   United 
States,  were,  for  the  moment,  thrown 
into  an  unpleafant  dilemma,  and  for  a 
time  this  bufinefs  was  the  general  topic 
of  converfation.     The  title  to  the  lands 
purchafed  by  the  above  named  compa- 
nies, has  been  ftill  further  embarrafl*ed 
by  a  claim  brought  forward  in  behalf  of 
the  United  States.     As  it  may  be  mat- 
ter of  curiofity  to  the  reader,  and  per- 
haps of  intereft,  to  examine  into  the  ti- 
tle of  the  feveral  companies  to  their  re- 
fpective  purchafes,  under  exifting  cir- 
cumftances,  a  fummary  ftatement  of  the 
claims,  and  of  the  fafts  and  arguments 
in  their  fupport,  (though  foreign  to  the 
expreCs  defign  of  this  work)  is  printed 
at  the  end,  to  which  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred. **• 
Georgia,  a  townfliip  in  Franklin 
CO.  Vermont,  contains  34.0  inhabitants. 
It  is  fituated  on  Lake  Champlain,  op- 
pofite  to  the  N.  end  of  South  Hero  liland, 
and  joins  Milton  on  the  S.  and  St.  Al- 
ban's  on  the  north.     I.a  Moille  river 
crolTes  the  extremity  ot  tl»e  S.  E.  cor- 
ner of  this  townfliip. 

G BORGIA,  S^'itherti,  a  clufter  of  bar- 
ren iflands,  in  .  ?  South  Sea,  and  E.  of 
the  coaft  of  lem  del  Fuego;  about 
lat.  54..  35.  S.  and  long.  36.  30,  W- 

Ont 


/• 


GBR 

h  betwech  50 


and  60 


bar- 
!.of 
(bout 
W. 
Oni 


Oht  of  tknh 
leagMM  in  length 

GeoRC1ana»  the  name  originally  gi- 
iren  in  the  chatter,  to  1  traA  of  country 
.in  the  province  ot'Mzinc.' 
,  GERARDSTOWNy  a  neat  little  town, 
fituated  in  Berkely  co.  Virginia,  con- 
-caining  about  30  or 40  houfes;  10  miles 
Irom  Martiuiburg»  and  «54.  from  Phila- 
-delphia. 

German,  a  townfltip  in  Fayette  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

German  Flats,  the  chief  townfliip 
of  Hei'lcemer  co.  taken  from  that  ot 
Montgomery,  in  New- York,  By  the 
ccnl'us  of  1790, .it  contained  '  1 307  in- 
habitants, including  ao  flaves  ;  by  the 
State  cenfus  of  1796,  4194.  inhabitants, 
of  whom  684  are  ele£lors«  Tt  lies  on 
the  fouth  Hde  of  Mohawk  rirer,  oppo- 
iite  Herkemer.  It  is  44  miles  £.  of 
Whiteftewn,  and  60  miles  weft  of  Sche- 
iie£lady. 

Germantown,  (N.  Y.)  in  Colum- 
bia CO.  containing  5i4>  inhabitants.  In 
1796,  it  had  75  qualified  voters. 

Germantowm,  in  Philadelphia  co. 
Pennfylvania,  is  fituated  7  miles  north 
■of  Philadelphia  city,  and  was  efteemed 
the  fecond  town  in  the  country,  until 
feveral  inland  towns  ^lipfed  it,  by  iiipe- 
rior  eftabiiihments  and  number  of  inha- 
bitants.    It  ts  a  corporation,  conlifting 
chiefly  of  High  and  Low  Dutch,  and 
contains  about  250  houfes,  chiefly  of 
Hone,  lume  of  which  are  laree,  elegant 
and   commodious ;  built  chiefly  on  ou'i 
fti-eet,  about  two  miles  in  length.     The 
public  buildings  are  a  Gennan  Calvi- 
nift  and  Lutheran  church,  a  Friend's 
meeting- houfe,  and  an  academy.    Knit 
ftockingii,  of  cotton,  thread  and  worft- 
«d,  are  manufa£tured  here  by  individu- 
als to  a  conliderable  extent,  and  of  an 
excellent  quality.  It  is  an  ancient  town, 
pleafantly  fituated,  and  by  its  vicinity 
to  the  metropolis,  well  adapted  for  ma- 
nufa£iu<es.     Here  is  the  principal  con- 
gregation of  the  Mennonifts,  and  the 
mother  of  that  feSk.  in  America.     They 
derive  their  name  from  Menno  Simon, 
a  learned  man  of  Witmars,  in  Geitnany, 
one  of  the  reformers,   bom  in  1505. 
Some  or  his  followers  came  into  Penn- 
fylvania,   from  New- York,   in   1691. 
There  are  about  4000  of  them  in  the 
State.  They  do  not,  like  the  Tunkers, 
believe  in  general  falvation;   yet,  like 
them,  they  will  neither  fwear  nor  fight, 


G  i  t  t9r 

nor  bear  any  cMl  oflice,  nor  go  to  law; 
nor  take  intereft  for  money,  tnough 
many  break  that  rule.  THeyufe 'great 
plainnefs  in  their  drefs,  &c.  and  ,pn.C; 
tife  many  of  the  rites  of  the  )M-iinittve 
Chriftian  church.  Thi«  town  is  alfb 
rendered  famous,  by  thehattkibught  in 
it,  on  the  4th  of  Oft.  1 777.  ''\!. 

Germantown,  a polMown and  tb^ 
capital  of  Stokes  co.  N.  Carolina.  It  it 
fituated  near  thi  Town  Fork  of  Dan 
river,  and  contains  a  court-houfe,  gaol, 
and  about  30  houfes.  It  is  518  miles 
S.W.  by  8.  of  Philadelphia. 

Germantown,  the  chief  town  of 
Hyde  co.  in  Newberii  diftrift,  N.  Caro- 
lina. 

Germany,  a  townfliip  in  York  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Gerrish  I^and,  a  fmall  ifle  hear 
Cnpe  Neddock,  clofe  to  the  main  land  of 
the  Diftrift  of  Maine. 

Gerry,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co, 
Maflachufetts.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1786,  and  contains  14,000  acres  of  land, 
on  which  are  740  inl\abitant8.  It  is  30 
miles  N.  W.  of  Worcefter,-  and  65  N. 
W.hy  W.  o/Bofton. 

Gettysbvrgh,  a  fmall  town  in 
York  CO.  Pennfytvaria,  fituated  at  the 
head  of  Rock  Creek,  one  of  the  head 
w^trsofthe  Monococy,  and  contains 
about  10  houi'es.  It  is  9  miles  north  of 
the  Maryland  line,  8  miles  from  Mil- 
ierftown,  1 5  from  Abbotftown,  36  from 
Williamfport  in  Maryland,  and  i  it  W. 
by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

GiBBAWAYS  an  Indian  tribe  refiding 
in  Upper  Canada,  on  the  E.  fide  of  De- 
troit river,  oppofite  to  Fort  Gibralter. 

Gibralter,  an  ancient  town  in  the 
province  of  Venezuela,  in  Tena  Firma. 
It  is  fituated  on  the  fouth-eaftem  fide  of 
Maracaibo  Lake.  The  country  in  its 
vicinity  is  well  watered  with  rivers,  and 
bt— 8  the  beft  quality  f  v-acao,  and  very 
large  cedars.  The  belt  SpaniOi  tobacco 
is  made  here,  called  Tabago  de  Mara- 
caibo, from  which  the  valuable  fnuff  is 
made,  vulgarly  called  Mackaha  fnuff. 
The  air,  however,  is  fo  unhealthy^  that 
very  few  but  labourers  live  in  the  town; 
the  wealthier  fort  reforting  toMertdt 
or  Maracaibo. 

Gill,  a  new  townfliip  in  Hampfliire 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  on  the  weft  bank  of 
Connefticut  river,  a  littl^  below  the 
mouth  of  Miller's  river,  en  the  oppofite 
fide,  and  named  after  his  Honour,  Mo- 
N3  ft* 


1^  .0!L  A 

f^  Gt^tXinite^aiit-GovcniQrofMafla- 

GiLLORi,  an  iflapd  on  the  coaft  of 
Wc^.FMda,  i^  divided  from  Dauphin 
lllapd  bv  a  f|am>w  channel,  throujdi 
larhkh  ajKMlt  maypars  with  f(»ne  diffi- 
fi^Uy;  fund  between  Gillori  and  the 
main  laivd,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Mobile 
Bay,  there  is  a  chain  of  fmall  iflands, 
fnd  oyftcr  fliellt,  through  which  is  a 
juUfage  of  4  feet,  called  Pafl*e  an  Heron. 

GiLMANTOWN,atown(hip  inStraf- 
Said  eg.  New-  HainpOiire,  fouth-wefter- 
ly  cf  Lake  Winnipifeogee,  and  $i  miles 
jN.  W.  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  17*7,  and  contained  775  inha- 
bitants in  1775;  and  in  1790,  S613. 

GiLSON,  a  tQwnfltip  in  Chefliire  co. 
New-Hampfhire,  containing  298  inha- 
bitiants.  It  is  fituated  on  the  E.  fide  of 
AjOiuelot  river,  and  joins  Keene  on  the 
ibiith. 

GiNGBR  JJLaui,  one  of  the  fmaller 
Virgin.ifles,  fituated  between  the  Round 
Kock  on  the  north,  and  Cooper's  Ide 
on  the  fouth,  between  which  is  the 
King's  Channel.  N^Iat,  :$.  5.  W.  long. 

«»•  i53- 

GlRTY*s  Timnf,  an  Indian  village  in 
•theN.  W.  Territory,  near  the  head  of 
the  navigable  water  or  landing  on  St. 
^ary's  river,  where  the  Indians  ceded 
at  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  a  tra£l  of  2 
miles  fquare  to  the  United  States. 

Glaob  Road,  at  Bonnets'  Tavern, 
4  mile^  from  Bedford,  on  the  road  from 
Philadelphia  tq  Pittfburg  Forks  {  the 
fo^thernmoft  is  called  the  Glade  Road ; 
the  northemn^oft  the  Old,  or  Forbe's 
Road,  and^es  by  Ligonier.  Thefe 
roads  uni>e  »S  miles  from  Pitt(burg. 
In  the  Glades,  a  traA  of  country  at  the 
ftitrance  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
titey  cannot  raife  com,  as  the  earth  is 
fubje6led  to  froft  from  Sept.  to  June. 

GtADY  Creek,  a  fmall  ftream  which 
^ows  through  the  eaft  bank  of  Little 
Mianii  riytr  in  the  N.W.  Territory. 

G1.AIZE,  Au,  a  S.  S.  W.  branch  of 
the  Miami  of  the  Lake,  which  inter- 
locks with  St.  Mary's  river.  By  the 
treaty  at  Greenyiile,  the  Indians  have 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  tiaft  of 
land  6  miles  fijuare,  at  the  head  of  its 
navigable  waters,  and  6  miles  fquare  at 
its  confluence  with  the  Miami,  where 
Fort  ptiiaiice  now  (lands. 

Glasgow,  a  new  county  in  New- 
bet<i  diftriOy  ti,  Carolli»«  taken  from 


GLO 

Dobba'  CO.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Bd|. 
comb,  S,  by  Lenoir,  .E.  by  Pitt,  and 
W.  by  \^ayne. 

Olastohbvry,  a  townOitp  in  Be»* 
nington  co.  Vermont,  having  atHy  34 
inhabitants.  Ithas.godd  intcsrale  lands, 
and  lies  N.  E.  of  Bennington,  adjoining. 

Glastonbury,  a  handfome  little 
town  in  Harttbrd  co.  Connedicut,  fitu- 
ated on  the  eaft  fide  of  Conne£Vicut 
river,  Dp]K>fite  to  WeathersfieU,  and  of 
which  it  formed  a  part  until  1690.  In 
thetownfhipare  t  meeting-houA  s|  and 
on  RoaringBrook  and  other  fmall  ftreama 
are  1 7miUs  of  different  kinds  and  i  forge. 

Gloucester  H0f(/>,  belonging  to  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  is  fituated  in 
New  South  Wales,  on  the  N.  fide  of  the 
waters  which  form  a  communication 
through  a  chain  of  fmall  lakes,  between 
Winnipeg  Lake  and  Albany  river. 
Henley  HJaufe  lies  N.  E.  of  this,  nearer 
the  mouth  of  Albany  river,  in  James' 
Bay.    N.  lat.  54.  W.  long.  87.  30. 

Gloucester,  or  Cape  Atm,  mown^^ 
fliip  in  Effex  co.  MafTachufetts,  whofe 
eaft  point  forms  the  north  fide  of  the 
Bay  of  N^afTachufetts.  It  contains  5317 
inhabitants,  and  is  divided  into  5  pa- 
rilhes,  and  has  befides  a  fociety  of  Uni- 
yerfalifts.  This  is  a  poft-town  and  port 
of  entry.  The  harbour  is  very  open  and 
acceflible  to  large  fhips ;  -  and  is  one  of 
the  mpft  confiderable  fifting  towns  in 
the  Commonwealth^  At  the  harbour, 
properly  fo  called,  are  fitted  out  annu- 
ally from  60  to  7qt  bankers ;  and  from 
Squam  and  Sandy  Bay,  two  fmall  out- 
ports,  the  bay  fifhery  i«  carried  on  with 
great  fpirit,  and  to  a  large  amount.  The 
exports  for  one  year,  epding  Sept.  30, 
1 794,  amounted  in  value  to  129,61 3  dol- 
lars. Thatcher's  Iflanil,  on  which  are 
two  lights  of  equal  height,  lie^  clr^e  to 
the  S.  E.  fide  of  the  townfhip,  which  is 
itfelf  joined  to  the  continent  By  a  beacH 
of  fand  which  is  very  rarely  oyei^owed 
by  the  water.  There  is  a  very  fine  white, 
fand  here  fit  for  making  glafs.  The  har- 
bour is  defended  by  a  battery  and  cita- 
del erefled  in  1795.  It  is  16  miles  N. 
£.  by  E.  of  Salem,  and  34  N.  £.  of 
Bodon. 

Gloucester,  the  north-weften^- 
moft  townfhip,  and  the  largeft,  in  Pro- 
vidence CO.  Rhode- Ifland,  having  Con- 
ne£licut  on  the  weft,  and  Maf&cnufctt^ 
on  the  npr^h )  and  contains  4015  inhabi- 
tants.    •' 

Gloucester 


GLO 

Glovc  rsTBR  CMw/f .  in  NeW' Jerfty, 
Is  bounrted  N.  by  BurUngton  co.  S.  by 
Salem,  Cumberland,  and  Cape  May 
counties,  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  W.  by  Delaware  river.  Its  length 
en  the  Delaware  is  about  30  miles,  and 
on  the  Tea  the  line  is  ablout  t%  miles. 
Great  and  Littlv  Egg  harbour  rivers  are 
both  navigable  for  veflels  of  too  tons 
about  20  miles  from  their  mouths.  See 
Egg  Harbour.  The  ftreams  which  fall 
into  Delaware  river  are  navigable  for 
fmall  vefTcIs,  a  few  miles  up  m>m  their 
mouths,  and  afford  fome  fliad,  rock, 
herrings,  and  perch.  The  adjacent 
iflands  are  Red  Bank,  Pett,  and  Old 
Man's  Creek  Iflands.  The  firft  of 
which  is  famous  in  the  hiftory  of  the 
American  war,  for  the  defperate  de- 
fence the  garrifon  upon  it  made,  to  pre- 
vent the  Britilh  fleet  from  pafling  up  tb 
Philadelphia.  The  foil  ot  this  coimty 
is  a  mixture  of  fand  and  loam,  and  the 
traA  bordering  on  the  Delaware  is  in  a 
high  ftate  of  cultivation.  The  chief 
produAions  are  beef,  pork,  fifti,  hay, 
com,  lumber,  butter,  checfe.  See.  It  is 
.  divided  into  10  townihips,  viz.  Wood- 
bury, Waterford,  Newtown,  Gloucef- 
ter  Townftiip,  Gloucefter  Town,  Debt- 
ford,  Greenwich,  Wodwich,  Ege  Har- 
bour, and  Galloway.  The  firft  8  lie 
alone  the  Delaware,  and  the  other  two 
on  tne  ocean.  Mulicus  river  divide* 
this  county  from  Burlington,  and  is  na- 
vigable to  miles  for  veflels  of  60  tons. 
Maurice  river  rifes  here,  nms  foutheriy 
about  40  miles  through  Cumberland  co. 
into  Delaware  Bay,  is  navigable  forvef- 
fcls  of  xeo  tons  1 5  miles,  and  for  flial- 
lops  10  miles  farther.  It  confnms  1 3ti  7t 
free  inhabitants,  and  191  fiavcs.  There 
are  found  in  this  county  quantities  of 
bog  iron  ore,  which  is  mamifa6tureil  !n- 
t0  pig  and  bar  iron,  and  hollow  ware. 
Here  is  aifo  a  glafs-  houfe.  Chief  towm, 
Woodbury,  9  miles  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Gloucester,  a  fmall  town  in  the 
above  county,  on  the  E.  fide  of  Dela- 
ware river,  3  miles  below  Philadelphia. 
It  was  formerly  the  county  town,  but  has 
now  fcarceiy  the  appearance  of  a  village. 

Gloucester,  apoft  town  in  Vir- 
ginia, fituated  in  the  cotmty  of  its  own 
name,  on  a  point  of  land  on  the  N.  fide 
«f  York  river,  partly  oppofite  York- 
Town,  17  miles  diftant. 

Gloucbster  Co«»fy,  in  Virginia,  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated,  bounded  JN. 


G  O  A  t99 

by  Piankitank  river,  which  fcporates  it 
from  Middlefex,  eait  by  Matthews  co> 
and  Chefapeak  Bav,  N.  W.  by  King 
and  Queen,  S.  and  S.  W,  by  York  river, 
which  divides  it  from  York  co.  It  it 
about  35  miles  in  length,  and  30  in 
breadth,,  and  contains  13,498  inhabi- 
tants, including  7063  flaves.  The  low 
hnds  here  produce  excellent  barley,  and 
Indian  com,  the  ftaple  produce  of  th« 
county.    Tobacco  is  little  attended  to. 

Gloucester  Houfe,  in  the  territory 
of  the  Hndfon's  Bay  Company,  is  on  th« 
N.  fide  of  Mufqufacobafton  Lake,  tto 
miles  weft  of  Ofnaburgh  houle.  N.  lat* 
51.  24.  W.  long.  86.  59. 

Glover,  a  townfliip  in  Vermont,  in 
Orleans  co.  N.  E.  ot  Craftfoorough, 
adjoining. 

Glynn  County,  in  the  Lower  diftri£l 
of  Georgia,  bounded  eaft  by  the  ocefcn, 
north  by  Alatamaha  ctver,  which  fepai 
rates  it  from  Liberty  co.  and  fouth  bv 
Camden  co.  It  contains  413  inhalM- 
tants,  including  ti  5  flaves.  Chief  tbw<^ 
Brunfwick.  ~    ^  ■ 

Gnadb  NHVKTTEN,  or  Gnadtnbuttem't 
a  fettlement  of  the  Moravians,  or  United 
Brethren,  on  Mnflcingtim  river,  oppofite 
to  Salem,  in  the  lands  which  belong  to 
the  Mahikan  Indians.  In  1746  it  wat 
a  pleafant  town  inhabited  by  Chriftian 
Indians,  where  were  a  chapel,  mifliona* 
ry's  houfe,  and  many  Iixlian  houfcs. 
This  together  with  Schoenbrun  and  Sa« 
km  were  referveil  by  Congrefs,  by  an 
ordinance.  May  to,  1785,  for  the  Cnrifo 
tian  Indian)  formerly  fettled  there }  Sept. 
31,  1788,  it  was  refolved  that  the  pla( 
of  each  town  fliould  make  up  4,000  acres 
and  the  grant  was  made  to  the  United 
Brethren  for  propagating  the  gofpel 
among  the  heathen.— Alfo  the  name  of 
a  Moravian  fettlement  on  the  8.  W. 
bank'  of  Lehigh  river,  in  Pennfylvania, 
about  »9  miles  N.  W.  of  Bethlehem. 

Gnadknhuetten,  New,  a  Mora- 
vian fettlement  on  Huron  river,  which 
inns  fouth  eatteny  into  Lake  St.  Clair, 
in  the  N.  W.  territory.  It  is  about  tt 
miles  from  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  28  N. 
W.  .f  Detroit. 

Goat  IJland,  in  the  State  of  Rhode- 
Ifland,  a  fmall  iflot,  oppofite  to  the  town 
of  Newport,  and  on  which  is  Fort 
Waftington.  The  fort  has  been  lately 
repaired,  and  a  citadel  erected  in  it. 
The  fort  has  been  ceded  to  the  United 
States. 

N  4  Goavb 


-  ! 


I 


aoo  G  O  N 

GoAVf  Lb  Pbtit,  one  of  the  weft 
larifdiAioM  of  the  French  put  of  St. 
Oofningo.  It  contain*  five  parifliee,  it 
the  unhealthieft  part  of  the  colony,  the 
inhabitant*  he^ns  fvbje£^  to  conftant  fe. 
vera,  occafioned.  by  the  ba^ncf*  of  the 
^waters*  Its  dependencies,  however,  are 
heialthy,  and  remarkable  for  the  culture 
«f  come*  Export*  fronn  Jan.  i,  1789, 
toOec.  1 1,  of  the  lame  year;  a7,09olbs 
wlutefugar7-655,iS7  brown— 807,865 
lbs  coflfee— 501OS3IIM  cotton— and  »io 
lbs  indigo.  The  town  of  the  fame  name 
is  fitqated  oil  the  narroweft  part  of  the 
foutb-weftem  pcqiQfulai  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  neck. 

Goej.an;,Po41IT  av,  a  promontory 
pn  the  north  fide  of  lake  Ontario, 
about  S3  niiles  Ibuthwefterly  of  Fort 
Frontinae. 

G0FF8TOWN,  in  Hilliborough  coun- 
ty, Hew-ilamp%ue,  on  the  weftern 
wmk  of  Merrinnack  river,  3  miles  from 
Amulkeag  Falls,  and  60  railn  weft  of 
Portfmouth.  It  .was  incorporated  in 
1761,  and  contains  1 ,175  inhabitants. 
3ome  pieces  of  baked  earthen  ware  have 
been  round  in  this  townihip,  from  which 
it  is  fvppofid  that  the  Indians  had  learn- 
ed the  jpotter^a  art }  but  of  what  anti- 
quity, thefe  remnants  are,  is  uncertain. 

Golden  I/had  lies  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  or  gulf  of  Darien,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Terra  Firma,  in  South  Amei'i- 
ca,  N.  ht.  9.  W.  long.  77.  xo. 

Go  LD /{i<i;fr,  fituated  in  Terra  Firma, 
pa  the  ilthinus  of  Darien,  fouthward  of 
the  river  banta  Maria ;  affording  much 
gold  duft,  from  whence  it  ha^  its  name. 

GoLDSBOROVGH,  a  poft-town  in 
Hnncock  county,  DiftriA  of  Maine,  con- 
taining 267  inhabitants.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1789,  is  the  Ibuth-eafternmoft 
town  ill  the  couii'y.  On  the  waters  of 
|ts  hai'l^our  is  the  town  of  VVafliington. 
It  is  4.7  miles  eafteriyof  Penoblicor,  188 
fouth-eaft  of  Portland,  and  33onouh- 
eaft  of  Boftun.    M.  lat.  44.  1^. 

GOLFHINGTON,  the  chief  town  of 
Walhingtoii  county,  Geurgia,  i§  ficua^ed 
Ve^r  the  head  of  Ogeeqhee  river,  about 
26  miles  eaft-fouth-eait  of  Oconee 
(own,  37  fouth-weft  of  Augi\lla,  and 
50  north- weft  of  Louil'yille. 

GoNAVE,  an  illand  in  the  bay  of 
I,eogane,  in  the  wdte^n  p^t  of  the  id- 
and  of  S(.  Domingo.  It  is  i4|  leagyes 
long,  and  ui^ifojmly  about  3  broad,  ex- 
cept a  very  iipall  part  at  each  extremity. 


O  ON 

l^ftiti  Gottavt,  an  ifle  about  *  ctiles  cacH 
way,,  is  I'eparated  from  the  fouth-eaft 
coni«:r  pf  the  former,  by  a  channel  3 
miles  wide.  Gonaveis  B3I  leagues  W. 
by  N,  W.  9f  Port  au- Prince )  i^nd  it$ 
weft  poujit  is  33^  leagues  £.  by  N.  of 
Cape  Dame  Marie. 

GONAivES,  a  iea-port  in  the  fame 
ifland,  at  the  head  of  a  bay  of  its  own, 
name,  on  the  north  fide  of  the  bay  of 
Leogane.  The  town  is  fituated  on  the 
great  road  firom  Port  de  Paix  to  St. 
Mark,  :| 6  leagyes  fouth-eaft  of  the  for- 
mer and  15  N.  by  E.  of  the  latter,  N. 
lat.  19^  a7.  W.  long,  from  Paris  75. 
a.  30. 

GoNAtVES,  a  bay  in  the  ifland  of 
Hifpantola,  fouth-eaft  ward  of  Cape  St. 
Nicholas,  in  about  (9.  33.  N.  lat. 

GoocHLANp,  a  county  in  Virginia, 
furrounded  by  Louifa,  Fluyanna,  Hen.* 
rico,  Hanover,  and  Powha.tan  counties. 
It  is  about  40  miles  loi^g  aivl  14.  broad, 
and  containc  9,053  inhabitautSj  includ- 
ing 4*656  (laves.  t 

Good  Hofe,  a  Danifli  colony  11^' 
Weft  Greenland,  in  N.  lat.  64. 

Goose  Creei,  a  rivei*  v/hich  falls  in- 
to ^otowmac  river,  about  a  mile  S.  £. 
of  Thorpe,  in  Fairfax  county,  Virginia. 

Gooseberry  Mountam,  in  New- 
York  State,  lies  «n  the  W.  bank  of 
Hudfon's  river,  about  4  miles  fouth  of 
Fort  George. 

Gooseberry  ^«^/and  Rocks,  on 
the  coaft  of  Eifex  county,  Mafliichufetts, 
have  been  the  occafion  uf  the  lofs  of 
many  valuable  veflels.  Tp  prevent  fucl^ 
accidents  in  future,  feamen  may  attend 
to  the  following  particular  information, 
which  is  ,here  inferted  for  their  benefit. 
The  north  part  of  Goofeberry  great: 
rock  with  the  north  of  Cat  Ifland,.  bears 
S.  54  W.  from  the  beacon  on  Ba- 
kei'^s  Ifland.  The  weftern  Goofeberry 
S.  41  y^.  the  diftance  nearly  three- 
fouiths  of  a  mile.  The  northern 
pai't  of  the  weftern  Goofeberry  is  view- 
ed from  the  beacon  over  the  point  of 
land  runnii\g  out  from  it-  The  eaftem 
Goofeberry  bears  S.  %(>  W.  and  it  is 
(hoal  as  far  as  the  weftern  breaker. 
The  eafte^  breaker  lies  S.  35  E.  and 
the  weftern  breaker  S.  29  E.  The  eaft- 
ern  breaker  is  about  the  fame  diftance 
from  the  beacon,  as  the  weftern  Goofe- 
berry, but  the  eaftem  Goofeheny  falls 
within  that  diftance.  Satan  appears  S. 
3a  Wt  and  Halfway  rocK  S.  a  W.  at 

the 


11^ 


6  0  3 

ibe  diftance  of  %i  miles.  The  Uiiwr 
|>art,of  Cat  Ifland  is  above  i  miles  from 
tlie  beacon,  and  with  the  beacon  to  the 
fouthward  the  Goofeberry  rock  bears 
only  1%  minutes.  The  weftern  dry 
breaker  extends  from  a8  to  3s}  and 
the  eaftern  From  31  to  3a.  Halfway 
rock  with  the  beacon  from  Cat  Iil.ind  is 
65  to  the  fouthward. 

GoRK  J/kaidt  difcovered  by  Capt. 
Cook,  in  his  laO:  voyage.  N.  iat.  64. 
W.  long.  169. 

GoKTA,  St.  Maria  La,  a  fmall 
liland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.  Iat.  a6. 
35.  W.  long.  1 35. 

GoRGONA,a  fmall  ifland  of  the  South 
3ea,  about  iz  mites  W.  of  the  coaft  of 
Peru,  S.  Iat.  3.  ao. 

GoRHAM,  a  townfhip  in  Cumber- 
land county,  Maine,  on  the  north-caft 
fide  of  Saco  river,  15  miles  from  Pep- 
perelhorough  at  tlie  mouth  of  the  river, 
and  1 30  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1764,  and  contains 
«,a44.  inhabitants. 

GoscHGoscHUENCK,  a  town  of  the 
Pelawares,  coniifting  of  3  villages  fitu- 
ated  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio.  Its 
name  fignifies  tie  habitation  of  otvlt, 
from  the  number  of  thefe  birds  who  re- 
fort  here. 

GosKEN,  a  townwip  in  Hampfltire 
county,  MalTachufetts,  between  Cum- 
mington  and  Conway,  14  miles  north  of 
Northampton,  and  iis  W.  by  N.  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1781, 
9nd  contains  681  inhabitants. 

Goshen,  a  towufliip  in  Addifon 
county,  Vermont,  adjoinmg  toSalifbury 
on  the  W.  and  21  miles  N.  £.  by  £.  of 
Mount  Independence. 

Goshen,  a  townlhip  in Chefter  coun- 
ty, Pennfylyania. 

Goshen,  a  town  in  Litchfield  coun. 
ty,  Connecticut,  famous  for  the  pro- 
duction of  excellent  cheefe.  It  is  7  miles 
}i.  i^y  N.  W.  of  Litchfield,  and  50 
northward  of  New.  Haven. 

Goshen,  the  moft  confiderable  town 
in  Orange  county.  New- York,  about  58 
miles  north  of  New- York  city,  »o  W. 
by  S.  of  New-Windfor,  and  30  W.  by 
S.  of  Fifh-Kill.  This  town  is  pleal'ant- 
ly  fituated,  containing  about  60  or  70 
houfes,  an  academy,  aourt-houfe,  gaol, 
and  Prefbyterian  church.  The  town- 
iDiip  contains  1,448  inhabitants;  of 
^Iioin  316  are  ele£tors. 

Gosu«N,  a  ttrivnlhip  of  the  Diflria 


COS 


toi 


of  Midne,  t  roilei  fr^n  B«ckiliq«ai»  oi 
Pcnobfcot  river. 

GosHGOSHiNK,  a  Moravian  fettle- 
mcnt  in  Pennlylvania,  fituated  on  Ai- 
leghany  river,  about  15  lailes  abew 
Venango,  or  Fort  Franklin. 

GoipoRT»fbrmerly€aUedi(^(^i/!Alriw 
a  iifhing  town  on  Star  Ifland,  one  of  tha 
i<les  of  Shoals,  belonging  to  Kockinghaoa 
county,  New-Ham|3hire,  containing  91 
inhabitants.  It  lies  about  la  miles  £• 
S.  £.  of  Piicataqua  harbour.  See  Sioaltm 

Gotham,  a  fmall  village  in  Mary- 
land, about  4  or  5  miles  north  of  fialtt- 
more  city. 

GovANOORE,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  in  South-America. 

Gracias  A  Dios,  a  town  belonging 
to  the  province  of  Honduras,  or  Coai'^ 
aiagua,  and  audience  of  Guatimala.  It 
is  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  upon 
a  rocky  mountain,  which  has  Ibrae  g(ii4 
mines  in  its  neighbourhood.  It  was 
built  the  fame  year  as  was  Vallidolid« 
the  capital,  (from  which  it  lies  about  %j 
leagues  to  the  weft)  for  the  fecurity 
of  the  miners.  Alfo  a  cape  on  this 
coaft  difcovered  by  Columbus,  N.  Iat. 
14.  36.  W.  Ion.  84.  I  a. 

Grafton  County t  in  New-Hamp- 
fhire,  is  boundeil  north  by  Canada  | 
fouth  by  the  r  ounties  of  Strafford,  Hillf- 
borough,  and  Chefhire}  weft  by  the 
State  of  Vermont,  and  eaft  by  the  Di^ 
tri&  of  Maine.  It  comprehends  nearly 
as  much  territory  as  ail  the  other  four 
counties,  but  is  by  no  means  fo  thickly 
lettled.  It  is  divided  into  50  townfhips* 
and  17  locations,  and  contains  1 3,47s 
inhabitants  of  whom  ai  arc  flaves.  The 
increafe  of  population  fince  the  enume- 
ration of  1790  Itas  been  great. 

Grafton,  a  tOwnfhip  in  the  county 
of  its  name  in  New-Hampfhire,  13  miles 
S.  £.  of  Dartmouth  college  and  19  S. 
W.  of  Plymouth.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1778,  and  contains  403  inhabitants. 
Lapis  fpecularist  commonly  called  if* 
ing-glafs,  of  the  beft  quality,  is  found 
in  this  town,  in  a  mountain  about  ao 
miles  caftward  of  Dartmouth  college. 
It  is  found  adhering  to  the  rocks  of 
white  or  yellow  quartz,  and  lying  in  la- 
minae, like  fheets  of  paper.  It  is  found 
in  other  places  in  the  State  in  finaller 
piect's. 

Grafton,  the  Hajanamifco  of  the 
Indians,  a  townfliip  iu  Worcefter  coun- 
ty, MafTachufetts,  containing  900  in- 
habitants} 


k 


M#  ^  K  A 

|MmIHM^-4#|ImN  9*  InT*  of  Boftotti 
t  eafterlv  of  Worcctter,  and  ^  N.  W« 
«r  Proyideticc, 

•  <»ft Aiii«BR»  Port*  fhindi  on  the  N; 
id*  ot^  tht  mouth  at  Holton  rhreif  In 
Tcnneflee. 

-  OnAinoBR,  the  name  given  to  a  new 
•auatyi  in  the  diftri^t  of  Hamilton,  State 
of  Tcnneflee,  formed  of  parte  of  the 
ComHiek  of  Knox,  JefTerfon  and  Haw- 
kittty  and  calkd  a^er  the  maiden  name 
•f  the  Lady  of  Gov.  William  Blouitt. 

Graiso,  L'akcb  la,  a  fettlement 
ia  Lottifiana. 

Granada*  or  Creuadttt  the  moft 
loutherly  of  the  Caribbee  Iflanda  in  the 
Weft Indiet,fttuated between  1 1 .  58.  and 
la.  ao.  N.  lat.  and  between  6t.  to.  and 
<i,  35.  W.  long,  about  so  lewuea  N. 
W.  of  Tobago,  and  «0  N.  of  New  An. 
dalufia,  OB  the  continent  of  America ; 
)o  leagoea  8.  W.  of  Barbadoes,  and  70 
irsHSk  Martinieo.  Itt  extreme  length  is 
Rhout  %%  milet,  and  its  breadth  1 3  miles. 
It  contaioa  about  80,000  aa-es  cf  land ; 
ff  which  (although  no  lefs  than  7x,i4i 
acres  paid  taxes  in  1776,  yet)  the  quan- 
tity under  eultivation  never  exceeded 
50,000  acres.  The  face  of  the  country 
ia  Biountaiaoua,  but  not  inacceffibie  in 
Ray  part }  and  it  aboiuids  with  fpringa 
and  rivulets.  The  exports  of  the  ifland 
aad  its  dependencies  in  i776>  ^"^re  va- 
lued at  the  ports  of  fliipping,  to  be  worth 
(qoo,ooo1.  fterling.  The  fugar  was  the 
produce  of  106  plat itatiosM  {  and  thev 
^reworked  by  1 8>a93  negroes ;  which 
vnia  more  than  a  hogmead  of  Mufcovado 
b^fix  ^16  cwt.  from  the  labour  of  each 
asgro,  old  and  young,  employed  in  its 
cukivation  and  manufadur^— a  ret\im 
unequalled  by  any  other  Briti(h  ifland 
«i  the  Weit-Indies,  St.  Chriftopher's 
excepted.  The  exports  of  1787  were 
inferior:  by  the  prices  in  London,  the 
value  of  the  cargoes  was,  however, 
oi4,ao8l.  9s.  3d.  and  confifted  of  the  fol- 
Mwing  articles  fliipped  offin  188  veiTels, 
via.  i7  5,548cwt.  9tbs.  fiigar— 670,390 
gallons  of  rum— 4,310  gallons  molafles 
•r**S,8izcwt.  »qrs.  4lbs.  cofTee— s,7i6 
cwt.  3qis.  iSlbs.  cocoa— %,o6«,477ibs. 
cotton— 2,81  clbs.  indigo;  befiUes bides, 
dying  woods,  &c.  The  exports  to  the 
.American  States^  included  in  the  above 
Turn,  amounted  to  /z4,597  4s. 

This  ifland  is  divided  into  fnc  parifh- 
cs,  St.  George,  St.  ORvid,  St.  Andrew, 
St  Patrick, St. Hark,  and  St.  John }  and 


6  R  A 

tta  chief  dependency,  Ourlacou  nunNl 
fbrmsaythparifli.  Befid<a6t.  George's, 
the  capital,  tteodier  towns  areincon- 
fiderahle  villagesr  gmerany  fituated  at 
the  bays  or  fliipping  phces  in  the  lever* 
at  pariflies.  Befldes  the  etipital^  Gren-. 
ville,  or  La  Bay,  is  a  port  of  entry, 
with  diftinft  revenue  officers,  independ* 
ent  of  St.  George's.  The  white  po- 
pulation has  decreal'ed  eonfidcrably  fine* 
Granada  and  the  Grenadines  wtre  lik 
polTcflion  of  the  Britifh.  In  1771, 
tfierewere  above  1,600  j  in  1777  only 
i,)oo,  and  now  there  are  not  above 
1,0001  of  which  number,  two-thinla 
are  incoiporated  into  five  regiments  of 
militia,  including  a  company  of  free 
blacks  or  mulattoea,  attached  to  each. 
There  -are  likewife  about  500  regular 
troops  on  the  Britifli  eftablifliment. 
The  free  people  of  colour  amount  t6 
1,115.  In  1785  there  were  33,916  ne- 
gro (laves.  The  above  was  the  ftat« 
of  the  ifland  prior  to  the  late  infun-ec- 
tion.  \\ 

A  chain  of  mountains  crofles  the  ifland  ^ 
from  N.  to  S.  The  air  is  good }  and 
the  foil  fruitful  in  all  produAions  com; 
mon  to  the  climate.  Several  of  the  rivera 
have  their  fource  in  a  lake  of  a  circular 
form,  called  Grand  £tang,  in  the  higheft 
ground  in  the  ifland.  The  high  road 
which  runs  nearly  thr  whole  length  of 
the  ifland  is  very  near  it  i  and  on  the 
oppofite  fide  of  the  road,  in  thia  elevated 
Ipot,  is  a  genteel  tavern,  for  the  accom* 
modation  of  travellers.  Here  the  iiir  ia 
always  cooled  by  refi'eOiing  breezes  { 
and  the  ]HX>rpeA  is  delightful  and  ex- 
tenltve.  On  the  fea-coalt,  about  half 
way  from  St.  George^s  to  Ooave,  fbm^ 
of  the  high  rocks  are  formed  into  bafal- 
tic  columns  from  10  to  30  feet  high, 
and  appear  like  regular  mafon  workt 
impaired  by  time. 

Granada  was  difcovered  by  Colum* 
bus  in  his  third  voyage  in  1498.  The 
Caribhees  were  a  nunierous  arid  warlike 
people,  who  happily  remained  ill  peace« 
ftil  obfcurity  u":il  the  year  1650 }  footj 
after  which  the  French,  by  a  ferJes  of 
enormities,  exterminated  that  devoted 
people.  Granada  was  ceded  to  Great- 
Britain  in  1 76  3,  was  taken  by  the  French 
during  the  American  war,  and  at  the 

E>ace  of  1783  was  reflored  to  Oreat- 
ritain. 

Granada,  a  town  of  Nicaragua  and 
audience  of  Guatimala,  in  Seuth-Ame- 

liea. 


GR  A    • 

It  i«  ftitcd  79  m'iIm  from  tht  fea, 
on  a  Uke  of  the  Bunt  tatn;  by  means 
of  which  tht  inhabitant*  cany  on'  a 
great  trade.  John  David,  a  Dutchman, 
pillaged  thit  town  in  the  taft  century 
with  90  mcnt  when  oppdfed  by  at  kaft 
too  inhabitants.  N.  lat.  11.  «S.  W. 
lone.  S7. 

G^AN  ADA,  Nbw,  a  province  of  Ter« 
ra  Firma,  South- America.  It  contains 
mines  of  gold,  copper,  and  iron.  ,  Santa 
Fe  de  Bagota  is  the  capital. 

G&ANADILLOES,  or  GfttiMBputt  a 
Icnot  of  dangerous  iflands  and  rocks  near 
the  leeward  tflands,  whfre  the  greated 
channel  is  but  3  or  4  leagues  broad. 
They  lie  about  the  tSth  degree  of  lati- 
tude, and  are  a  range  of  fmall  iflands 
and  rocks  dependent  on  Granada.  This 
-archipelago,  whofe  length  is  about  14 
leagues,  contains  %y  iflands  fit  to  pro- 
duce cotton,  coffee,  indigo,  and  even 
fugar.  The  air  r.s  healthy,  but  there  are 
no  running- fpring^  of  frelh  water.  The 
moft  confiderable  at  the  R.  end  of  the 
(Chain  is  not  above  two  leagues  from  St. 
Vincent,  and  is  called  Becouya,  or  Be- 
quia  {  but  the  French  called  it  Little 
Marrinico.  Befides  this,  there  are  the 
iflands  of  Moflcitos  tuid  Qannaouan } 
Frigate  and  Union  Iflands  are  between 
becouya  and  Cariacou.  1  ne  Orifon, 
and  the  Diamond  on  Rhonde  Iflands,  are 
the  two  principal  ones  among  thofe 
which  fill  iip  the  interval  between  Cari- 
acou and  Granada. 

Granby,  a  town(hip  In  Eflex  coun- 
ty, Vermont. 

Granby,  a  townfliip  in  HampQrire 
county,  Maflachufett^,  E.  of  South - 
Hadley,  about  90  n-iles  wefterly  of  Bof- 
toii)  was  incorporated  in  1768,  and 
contains  596  inhabitants. 

Granby,  a  townfliip  in  Hartfbrd 
founty,  Connecticut,  on  the  line  which 
feparates  Connefticut  from  Maflachu- 
fetts.  It  vyas  formerly  a  part  of  Symf- 
bury*and  is  iS  miles  north  of  Haitford. 

Granby,  a  fm^^l  town  on  the  Con- 
garee,  in  S.  Carolina,  about  z  miles  be 
low  the  jun^lion  of  Broad  and  Saluda 
rivers.  Here  a  curious  bridge  has  been 
built,  whofi;  arches  are  fupported  by 
wooden  pillars,  ftrongly  fecured  in  iron 
work,  fixed  in  the  folid  rock.  Its  height 
is  40  feet  above  the  level  of  the  water. 
The  centre  .arch  ia  upwards  cf  100  feet 
in  the  clear,  to  give  a  paflkge  to  large 
^'Cf«  v^hich  are  always  brought  down  by 


a  It  A        ^Mi 

iht^bodk.  TheJngeniiUffan^lM^^M 
the  toll  fecnred  to  him  bf  the  LiM». 
tore  for  toe  years.  7" 

Grandb,  a  river  in  Sauth^Amerieiia 
in  Peru,  Mar  Cayantat  reasarkalklc  %. 
its  fands  enriehed  with  goM-duA*        - 

Orakd  Bay,  mi  the  S.  W.  eapdiof 
Newfoundland  ifland,  19  leagvctAMrtt- 
eaftcfly  of  MoFth>  Cape  in  the  ifland  l|^ 
Cape  Breton. 

Granob  Rivierb,  a  fettletnentteiir 
billv  traft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin^^ 
6\  leagues  fouth-wett  of  Port  Daufriiiaa 
and  4^  leagues  NJ  by  £.  of  St.  Radn^, 
in  the  Spanifli  part  of  the  ifland,  N.  W. 
19.  34.  W.  long,  ftom  Paris  74.  30^ 
Alio  the  name  of  a  fmall  river,  in  the 
fame  ifland,  which  rifes  at  Limonadf* 
and  empties  into  the  fea  at  Qr.  Mor|ny 
5  leagues  eaft  of  Cape  Francois.       ^  ^ 

Grande  Rhviertf  on  the  northern 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  about  6  leagodi 
weft-north-weft  of^Cape  Defpair.  Heite 
is  a  cod  fifliety. 

Grande  8eau)c,  an  Indian  naHoi^ 
who  inhabit  fouth  of  the  Miflburi,  and 
can  furnifli  800  warriors. 

Grand  F4/^^/,  feveral lan;e  detaef»- 
ed  mountains  in  the  fouth -eaft  comer  of 
Tenneflee,  in  which  are  the  head  watert 
of  French  Broad  and  Cataba  rivers.     ' 

Grand  IJIest  are  two  large  iflands  in 
Lake  Cham  plain ;  each  about  8  or  i^ 
miles  long,  and  each  forms  a  townfti^ 
belonging  to  Vermont.  See  South  Ht- 
r»,  and  ffmrtb  Hero. 

G  R  AND  Ifiandt  at  the  mouth  of  Lake 
Onurio,  is  within  theBrttifli  territories, 
having  Roebuck  and  Foreft  iflands  cm 
the  fouth-weft,  and  the  Thou&nd  Wef 
on  the  north-eaft.  It  is  xo  miles  in 
length,  and  its  greateft  breadth  is  4 
miles. 

Grand  IJUomI,  in  Lake  Superior,  litk 
on  the  north  fide  of  the  lake. 

Grand  Ifland^  in  Niagara  river,  U 
about  6  miles  long  and  3  broad.  Thf 
fouth  end  is  4  miles  north  of  Fort  Erie^ 
and  its  northern  extremity  3  miles  fouth 
of  Fort  Shiftier,  and  nearly  14  fouth  "bf 
Ni:4gara  fort. 

Grand  Lake,  in  the  province  of  New 
Brunfwick,  near  the  rivtr  St.  John's,  is 
faid  to  be  30  miles  in  length,  8  or  lO 
in  breach h,  and  in  fome  places  4of»< 
thoms  deep. 

Grand  Manan  IJlanti,  lies  6  milea 
S.  by  S.  E.  of  Campo  Bel Ic  Ifland,  in 
the  i^aqtic  Ocean,  o{^K>fite  to  ^iSm- 

maquoddy 


r«04 


Oft^A 


•MwMy  Bap*  on  tin  nftan  iRwder 
.«(  dw  Uaiud  Sut<«. 

OftAirp    JUwr  ruM    a   north-weft 
^c«iff«  int0  lake  Erie,  so  milei  b^ow 
tte   Forks,    So   mile*  ibuthrweft   of 
mfi|t«eUk. 

i^AANOB,  G*!^  I«,  o^  Cape  Ahtite 
CMI,  «w  the  north  fide  of  the  iiluid  of 
4t.  Oomingo*  It  it  a  high  hili  in  the 
lorm  of  a  teiu,  and  may  be  i«en  by  the 
ankcd  cjrc  at  Cape  Francoisi  from  which 
it  it  14  kagtwt  E.  by  N.  .A  ftrip  of 
land  joint  it  to  tne  territory  of  Monte 
Chrift  i  (9  that  at  a  diftance  it  feemi  to 
fce  ?B  ifland.  The  cruifert  from  Ja- 
maica often  lie  off  here.  This  Cape  lie* 
in  lat.  19.  54-  30.  N.  and  Ion;;.  74.  9. 
10.  W.  from  Paris ;  and  with  Point  de 
SuMt  forms  the  niou;.h  of  ihe  bay  of 
Monte  Chrift  {  which  iee. 

Gkanvillb,  afinetownAiip  in  An- 
■qpoUi  coimW,  Nova-Scotia.  It  lies 
tan  tfw  north  ule  of  Annapolis  river,  on 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  i»  30  miles  in 
loagth}  firft  fettled  from  New-Eng- 
Wi. 

iCvRAitviLifB,  a  townfliip  in  Hamp- 
Ihire  county,  Ma(F<ichufetts,  about  14 
miles  weft  of  Spriiigiieid.  Tt  was  in- 
.corporated  in  17541  and  contains  1979 
inhabitants. 

.  GRANViLtE,a  townfliip  in  Wafliing- 
ton  county,  New- York,  containing  a«40 
jnhabitantt,  of  whom  41a  are  elcAois. 
.  Gbamvillb.  CouMtyt  in  HiUftio- 
rough  diftrift  in  Noith-CaroUna,  hat 
^he  Stale  of  Virginia  north,  and  con- 
tains 10,98s  inhulmants,  of  whom  4163 
are  flaves.    Chief  town  Williamfliurg. 

Gbamville,  a  flourifliing  town  m 
Kentucky. 

QftAts,  a  river  in  New  South  Wales. 

Crates,  a  point  of  land  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Newtoundhind  IHand. 

Gravb  Creek,  on*  the  Ohio,  is 
miles  down  the  river  fitxn  Wheeling- 
Here  is  a  mound  of  earth,  plainly  the 
work  of  art,  called  an  Indian  grave. 
It  is  of  a  conical  form,  in  height  about 
8e  feet.  It  afcendt  in  an  angle  of  about 
Soo.  Tne  diame'er  at  the  top  is  about 
<o  feet  i  the  margin  cnclofm^  a  reguUr 
concavs,  funk  alMut  4  feet  m  the  ccn- 
frt»  Near  the  top  Ifandt  an  oak,  about 
3  fcti  in  diameter.  It  it  iaid  thw  Indiant 
have  no  tradition  what  nation  ever  bu- 
ried their  dead  in  tliis  manner.  On  cx- 
•minatisnt  thcfe  mounds  have  been 
fyani  to  c«^taiB  a  chalky  fubftance, 


CRE 

fuMofed  teW  bonaacf  thahiimKBkiNd. 

GaATBaiNVi  Port  or,  is  fituatcd 
on  the  ftntth.wtftcm  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
Jamaica,  in  a  Urge  bay.  It  hat  two 
channels)  the  Leeward  and  the  Main 
Channel*  and  affords  goo^  1  anchorage 
for  large  vcflris. 

GRAVBSBND,afmaIlviIIa^inKinK'a 
county,  Long-J^fland,  New- York  ,7  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  the  chy.  The  townfliip  of 
its  name  contains  426  inhabitants* 

Grat,  a  poft.town  in  the  Diftridl  of 
Maine,  in  Cumberland  county,  15  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Portland.  The  townfliip 
was  incorporated  in  1778,  and  contains 
577  inhabitants. 

GREAxBANKof  Newfoundland. 
This  noted  fifliing  bank  extends  fiom 
north  to  Ibuth,  and  is  almoft  of  a  trian- 
gular fliape.  Between  it  and  the  ifland 
on  the  weft  is  a  broad  channel  of  deep 
water.  It  liet^  between  41 .  o.  and  50. 
a4.  N.  lat.  and  between  49. 45.  anu  54. 
45.  W.  loi.or. 

Great  Bear  Lake,  a  water  whichi 
runs  wcftward,  and  flows  into  M'Ken. 
zie's  river  in  the  north-weft  part  of  N. 
America  {  not  far  from  thearclic  circle^ 
Its  mouth  is  150  yards  wide. 

Great  Alligator  Dismal.  See 
Di/iral. 

Great  Barrington,  a  townfliip 
in  the  fouth-weftem  part  of  the  State  of 
Maffachufetts,  in  BerkOiire  county,  ly- 
ing fouth  of  Stockbridee,  1 50  miles 
weft  of  Boflon,  and  x6  £.  by  S.  of  Hud- 
foncity,  New- York, 

Great  Famine,  a  river  in  New- 
Yerjc  which  rifes  in  the  mountains  near 
the  fource  of  Oneida  river,  and  flows  N. 
W.  by.  W.  to  Lake  Ontario.  Its 
mouth  it  10  miles  fouth-wefterly  from 
the  mouth  of  Black  river.  ^1 

Great  Egg  Harbour,  &c.  See  Egg 
Harbour. 

Great  Island  in  Pifcataqua  har- 
bour, New-Hampihire. 

Great  Kanhaway,  large  river 
which  flows  through  tht  eaftein  bank 
of  the  Ohio,  in  39.  5.  N.  lat.  nearly  500 
yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  The  cutTent 
is  gentle  for  about  10  or  ix  miles,  when 
it  becomes  cqnriiicrabiy  rapid  for  up- 
wards of  60  miles  i'anher,  where  you 
meet  with  the  firit  falls,  when  it  becomes 
impoflible  to  navigate  it  from  the  great 
number  of  its  cataraAs. 

Great  ff^orh,  or  Chadiota^ntt  River, 
in  the  dtftrijl  of  Maincj  iifet  f)om  Bon- 

nebeag 


mbflig  P«iid,  ahout  39  mllM  firom  ill 
mouth.  There  trt  fcvtral  valuable 
milla  en  lt»  withm  and  above  the  foWn 
of  Berwick. 

Great  Micatina,  anlfland  on  the 
Labrador  eoaft.    Its  (bnthekn  extremity 
lies  in  50.  43.  N.  lat. 
Grk  At  Pelican  ^tonrf.  SetPtHcan. 
Great  Sodvs.    See  Stdut, 
GaBATSWAMp,  between  Northamp* 
ton  and  Lucem  countiet)  in  Pcnniylva- 
nia.    This  fwamp,  on  examination  and 
farvev*  is  found  to  be  good  farm  land  { 
thickly  covered  with  beach  and  fugar- 
maple. 

UREAT  RiDOE,  one  of  the  ridges  of 
the  /Alleghany  Mountains,  which  fepa 
rates  the  waters  of  the  Savannah  and 
Alatamftha. 

At  the  fouth-eaft  promoiltary  of  the 
Great  Ridm  is  that  extraordinary  place 
called  Buflnloe  Lick,  diftant  about  80 
miles  fi'om  Augufta.  It  occupies  feveral 
acres  of  ground.  A  large  cane  fwamp 
and  meadows,  forming  an  immenle 
plain,  lie  fouth-eaft  from  it)  in  this 
fwamp  Mr.  Bartram  thinks  the  branches 
of  the  Great  Ogeechee  take  their  rife. 
The  Lick  it  nearly  level,  and  lies  be- 
tween the  head  of  the  cane  fwamp,  and 
the  afcent  of  the  Ridge.  The  earth, 
from  the  fuperficies  to  an  unknown 
oepth,  is  an  aimoft  white  or  cinerous  co- 
loured, tenacious,  fattifli  clay,  which 
all  kinds  of  cattle  lick  into  great  caves, 
purfuing  the  delicious  vein.  Mr.  Bar- 
tram  could  not  difcover  any  thing  faline 
in  its  tafte,  but  an  infipid  fweetilefs. 
Horned  cattle,  horfes,  and  deer,  are  im- 
moderately fond  of  it  {  infomuch  that 
their  excrement,  which  aimoft  totally 
covers  the  earth  to  fome  diftance  round 
this  place,  appears  to  be  perfe6l  clay ; 
which  when  dried  by  the  fun  and  air,  is 
almoft  as  hard  as  brick. 

Great  Springs,  is  an  amazing 
fountain  of  tranipa^ent,  cool  water,  fitu- 
ated  near  the  ix>ad,  about  mid -way  be- 
tween Augufta  and  Savinnah.  It  breaks 
Atddenly  out  of  the  earth  at  the  bafis  of 
a  moderately  elevated  bill  or  bank, 
forming  at  once  a  bafon  near  ao  yards 
over,  alcending  through  a  horizontal  bed 
of  foft  rocks,  chiefly  a  teftaceous  con- 
cretion of  broken,  entire,  and  pulverized 
fca-ftiells,  fand,  &c.  conftituting  a  coarl'e 
kind  of  time-ftone.  The  ebullition  is 
copious,  aftive,  and  continual,  over  the 
ragged  apenures  in  the  rockii  which 


.#. 


lie  ftvtoor  «li|lrt  k»  below,  Ml^m 
furfiwt  coAHenblv,  immcAauhr  Ae«i 
it )  the  wMeN  da&end  Mk\y  mm  tl» 
foontain,  formftig  at  once  a  lar«  broHE« 
dft or  eight JiMi over,  and  Ire orlis 
feet  deep.  There  are  multttndcii  of  fiii 
in  thefountain  of  variovs  tiibea ;  thieftf 
the  feveral  fpcciea  of  breami  t^nt,  ca^> 
fiOi,  and|  garr,  which  are  beheld  eontino- 
ally  afcending  and  defcending  threngjh 
the  i^icky  Merturet.  Baitram,  firom 
whofe  travels  the  above  is  tdten,  ob- 
ferves,  that  he  crofted  no  flream  or  brook 
of  water  within  is  or  15  miles  of  this 
fountain,  but  had  in  view  vaft  favannahsa 
fwarops,  and  cane  meadows,  which  he 
coi^e6tures  are  the  relervoirs  which  feed 
this  delightful  grotto. 

Greene,  a  county  in  Waihingtqik 
diftria,  State  of  Tenneffee. 

G  R  E  E  N ,  a  townftiip  in  Franklin  coon* 
ty,  Pennfylvania.-i-Alfo  a  townfliip  ii^ 
Wafhington  county  in  the  fame  State. 

Grben, annft-townin  Lincoln  C0un« 
tv,  in  the  Diftri£l  of  Maine,  fituated  «■ 
the  eaft  fide  of  Audrofeoggin  nver,  3  c 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittftown ,  39  north  of 
Portland,  and  164  N.  by  E.  of  BoAon, 
containing  629  inhabitants. 

Green,  a  navigable  riv<ir  of  Ken- 
tucky, which  rifes  in  Mercer  county,  ha« 
a  gentle  current,  and  is  navigable  rictldf 
1 50  miles.    Its  courfe  is  generally  weft  } 
and  at  its  confluence  with  the  Ohio  ia 
upwards  of  200  yards  wide.     Between 
the  mouth  of  Green  river  and  fait  ri- 
ver, a  diftance  of  neariy  xoo  milet,  the 
land  ujpon  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  are 
generally  fertile  and  rich ;  but,  leaving 
its  banks,  you  fall  into  the  plain  coun- 
try, which  is  confideied  as  little  better 
than  barren  land.    On  this  river  are  a 
nnmber  of  Salt  fprings  or  licks.   There 
are  three  fprings  or" ponds  of  bitumen 
near  this  river,  which  do  not  form  a 
ftream,  but  empty  themfelves  into  a  com- 
mon refervoir,  and  when  ufed  in  lampSy 
anfwers  all  the  purpofes  of  the  bteft  oil. 
Vaft  quantities  of  nitre  are  foimd  in  the 
caves  on  its  banks ;  and  many  of  the  let- 
tiers  manuf'aflure  their  own  gimpowder. 
Green  Bay,  or  Puan  Bay,  a  fotttU* 
weftern  branch  of  Lake  Michigan.    See 
Michigan^  Puatt,  and  Wixntba^. 

GrbkN,  a  fmall  river  which  rifea  ill 

the  town  of  Marlborough  in  Vermont, 

and  falls  into  ConneAicut  river  above 

Deerfleld,  in  Maflachufctts. 

Gresm  BRiak,  a  large  and  ftrtit* 

ceunqr 


m4 


ottft 


XHMiolpN,  Wni^,  ItuhiiMiy,  lote. 
t,  aid  Montgomery  eeuaUe*.    It 


M  abeiit  >dor  nUct  long  mmI  45  brood  { 
viid  tegillei:  with  JLtxAamwf  county^ 
lodleK  wu  formerly  a  part  of  it,  co^oiat 
6|M  f-iahabitanttv  including  319  flavet. 
"ncre  it  a  largo  «av«  on  Rich  Creek  in 
thjt  coantv»  the  earth  at  the  bottom  of 
which  ie  Jtrongly  imprrgaatcd  with  AU- 
plilir.  K^any  ftlch  are  to  be  found  on 
Green  Briar  R  iver.  The  chief  town  it 
Ikwiiburg^  At  CrMwJff^r  court- houfe 
i$  a  poft-office,  30  mile*  W.  by  S.  of 
Sweet  Spring«»  and  103  weft  of  Staunton. 

GasBN  Briar  Rhftr  runs  a  S.  W. 
courfe,  Mul  fall*  into  thoeaftern  fide  of 
the  Great  Kanhaway>atthe  place  where 
that  river  breaks  through  the  Laurel 
Ridge,  and  oppofite  to  the  mouth  of 
Maw  riveri  in  N.  lat.  38. 

Gribnbvrg^,  atownfltip  in  Weft- 
cWiter  county.  Mew* York,  containing 
1400  inhabitants,  of  whom  laa  are 
flaves,  and  i64areeieAors. 

Grebnbush,  a  townfliip  in  RenlTa- 
hcfr  county.  New.  York;  164  of  its  in- 
Inbitants  are  cleAorr. 

Creencastlb,  a  town  in  Franklin 
opuftly,'  Pennfylvania,  fituated  near  the 
^ohegocheague  creek .  Here  are  about 
to  boiifcit,  a  German  churches,  :  d  a 
Pkvfljyterian  church.  It  is  1 1  miles  S. 
%  W.  of  ChamberOiui'g,  and  156  W. 
by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Grbene,  a  county  In  Kentucky,  ex» 
tending  ft-om  Ohio  river  on  the  north, 
to  Tenneflfee  State  on  the  fouth,  and 
bordering  weft  on  the  Miftifippiriv.er, 
attd  eaft  upon  Hardin  and  Jefferfon  cotin* 
ties. 

Grbbkb,  a  county  in  Wafliington 
.  diftri£i  in  the  State  of  Tenneflee,  having 
7,74>  inhabitants,  of  whom  4.54.  are 
^ves.  Greenville  college  has  been  ei- 
tahliflied  by  law  in  this  county.  It  is 
fituated  between  two  froall  northern 
^ninchea  of  Nolachucky  river,  about 
I  f  miles  N,  W.  by  W.  of^Joneftwrough, 
and  54  eaft  of  the  mouth  of  French 
jp^road  river. 

^Greene,  a  townfliip  in  Tioga  co. 
Mew- York,  on  the  eaft  fide  ofChenen- 
go  iiver, 

f  Grbene,  a  county  in  the  upper  dif- 
tri&  of  Georgia,  bounded  weft  by  the 
^W9v  part  of  Oconee  river,  eaft  by 
Wilkes  county,  and  fouth  by  that  of 
>^  afliingtoa*    |t  ffontiuns-5>4<95  iajub- 


OAB 

town,  OiMWlbociBUfb. 

ORBBNPIKI.B,  «  hndAnw  ftmrilh. 
ing  town  in  Hamplhire  county,  Malla« . 
chul'ettsf  ahmit4  niilee  aofth  of  Pmt- 
field,  and  114  W.  by  N.  of  Bofton. 
The  townfliip  lies  on  the  weft  bank  of* 
CoitncfHcut  rivcr^  was  incorporated  in 
1753,  and  contains  1,4^  innabitants. 
A  company  was  incorporated  in  1 796  to 
build  a  briogc  over  (;onne£|tcut  river, 
to  conneA  this  town  with  Montague. 

Greenfield,  a  townfliip  in  Sara- 
toga county.  New- York)  3S0  of  the 
inhabitants  areeleftors. 

Grbbn  IJlaiulf  or  Strpent  Ipuidt  one 
of  the  lefler  Virgin  Iflands,  which  la 
claimed  by  the  Spaniards,  and  fituated 
near  the  Eaft  emt  of  Porto- Rico. 

Gebbn  JJUutd  Harbour  lies  on  the 
weftem  end  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 
It  furniOies  good  anchorage,  having 
Davis's  Cove  on  the  north-eaft,  ana 
Half-Moon  and  Orange  bays  on  the 
fouth-weft.  \ 

Greenland,  a  town  in  Rocking-' 
ham  county,    New-Hftmpfliire,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  ocean,  5  miles  foutherly 
from  Portfmouth.    It  was  incorporated 
in  171 3,  and  contains  634  inhabitants* 

Greenland.  Thisextenfivecoun- 
tiy  properly  belongs  to  neither  of  the 
two  continents ;  unlefs,  as  feems  pro«j 
bable,  it  be  united  to  America  to  the' 
northward  of  Oavis'sStraits.  It  is  bounti- 
ed  by  Oavis's  Straits  on  the  weft ;  to 
the  northward  by  fome  unknown  ocean, 
or  by  the  north  pole }  eaft  by  the  Icy 
Sea,  and  a  ftrait  which  feparates  it  from 
Iceland}  fouth-eaft  by  the  Atlantic 
ocean;  fouth  it  terminates  ''n  a  point 
called  Farewell,  in  N.  lat,  59.  The 
weftern  coaft,  which  is  waflied  by  Da- 
vis's Straits,  is  high,  rocky,  bad  land, 
which  rears  its  head,  dole  to  the  iea, 
in  lofty  mountains  covered  with  fnow, 
and  inacceflible  cliffs,  and  meets  the 
mariner's  eye  40  leagues  at  fea.  The 
Greenlanders,  reckoned  to  amount  to 
about  7,000,  live  to  the  fouthward  of 
the6ad  degree  of  N.  lat.  or  as  the  in- 
habitants are  wont  to  fay,  in  the  fouth  j 
but  no  Europeans  live  there,  fo  that 
thofe  paits  are  but  little  known.  The 
European  colonics  have  fixed  themfelve% 
to  the  northward  of  lat.  6a.  ' 

The  aftonifliing  mountains  of  ice  ii« 
this  country,  may  well  be  recotxied 
amtng  its  greatcft  curio&ties^    Nothing 

can 


ORB 

cM«dMbit»  i|M««dn«df«li  and  «t  thr 
(mm  tkae  »  sMve  dMiUaf  appcanuictv 
than  thaft  yrodjgioMS  maOet  ot  ict  that 
furrawid  th*  wMe  M«ft  in  various 
fornM,  r«B«Aiaf  » jnuldtudt  of  coktun 
from  the  fun«b«im^  and  calling  to  mind 
the  enchanting  fiianaa  of  romance. 
Such  profycfte  they  yield  in  calm  wea> 
thcT}  but  when  the  wind  begins  to  blow, 
and  the  wave*  to  ri£i  in  vaft  billowi, 
the  violent  (hocks  of  ihofe  pieces  of  ice, 
daOiing  one  againA  nother,  fill  the 
mind  with  horror. 

As  this  counti-y  is  covered,  in  nio(( 
places,  with  cverlafting  ice  and  fnow,  it 
IS  eafy  to  imagine  that  it  mufl.  be  ex* 
tremdy  cold.  Among  the  vegetables  of 
this  cdd  country,  are  Ibrrel  of  various 
forts,  angelica,  wild  tanfey,  fcurvey 
grafs  ir,  great  quantities,  wild  rofemary, 
dands'ifonii  in  plenty,  and  various  forts 
of  grafs )  whortleberries  and  cranberrie;i 

{[row  here.  Europeans  have  fowa  bar. 
ey  and  oats,  which  grow  as  high  and 
as  thrifty  as  in  warmer  climates,  but 
feldom  advance  fo  far  as  to  ear,  and  nev- 
er, even  in  the  warmeft  places,  to  matu- 
rity, becaufe  the  frofty  nights  begin  too 
foon.  Unlruitttd  as  this  country  is,  it 
affords  food  for  fome,  though  but  few 
kind*  of  beads,  which  funiilh  the  na- 
tives  with  food  and  raiment.  Of  the 
wild  game  are  white  hares,  rein-deer, 
foxes,  and  white  bears,  wlw>  are  fierce 
andmirchievous,fealsr&c.  The  Green- 
landers  have  no  tame  animals  but  a  fpe- 
cies  of  dogs,  who  referable  wolves. 
The  Greenlanders  believei  in  the  doc> 
trince  of  thetranfmigration  of  fouls,  and 
have  very  lingular  and  romantic  notions 
concerning  a  future  (late. 

Wett  Greenland  was  firft  peopled  by^ 
Europeans  in  the  eighth  century.  At 
tbat  time  a  company  of  Icelanders, 
headed  by  one  Ericke  Randfc,  were  by 
accident  driven  on  the  coaft.  On  his 
return  he  reprefented  the  country  In  fuch 
a  favourable  light,  that  fome  families 
again  followed  htm  thither,  where  they 
foon  became  a  thriving  colony,  and  be- 
ftowed  on  their  new  habitation  the  name 
oi  GraeHland  fx  Gretidandt  o>i  account 
of  its  verdant  appearance.  This  colo- 
njr  was  converted  to  Chriftianity  by  a 
miflionary  from  Norway^  Cent  thither  by 
the  celebrated  Olaf,  the  firft  Norwegian 
monarch,  who  embraced  the  true  reli- 
gion. The  Greenland  fettlement  conti- 
nued to  increale  and  thrive  under  his 
(uote^on,  and  in  a  little  time  Uie  coun- 


GRE 


«o> 


try  «M  piovMcd  ^^H^Mtt  to^aa* 

theim,  A  confidcrakU  Coauncrea  waa 
carried  on  between  Orecnlaild  md  Noit* 
way  I  and  a  regular  intcrcourfe  hmIh* 
taiaed  between  the  two  eeuntrics  till 
the  year  1406,  when  the  left  bUliop  waa 
CcMi  over.  From  tbat  time  all  correC 
uondence  was  cut  otiC,  and  all  know^* 
ledge  of  Greenland  has  been  buried  iai 
ubltvioa. 

The  colony,  tirom  its  firft  (cttlement, 
had  been  handTcd  by  the  natives,  a  fav« 
age  people,  agnieing  in  cuftonns^  garb, 
ami  appearance,  with  tlie  Efqaimaux. 
(See  New-Biitaia.)  This  nation,  calk^l 
ScbrtUingt,    Skrmbn^tutt    or  dwarfids 

f>eople,  from  their  fmall  ftature,  at 
ength  prevailed  over  the  Iceland  fettlers* 
who  inhabit^  the  weftem  dtftrift,  and 
exterminated  them  in  the  14th  century* 
infomuch  that  when  their  brethren  ok 
the  eaftem  diftrift  came  to  their  a(nft- 
aace,  they  found  nothing  alive  butfoilii 
cattle  and  flocks  of  (heep  running  wild 
about  the  country.  Tne  Sehrellhifla 
have  a  tradition  tliat  thefe  were  likeww 
exterminated,  and  aflirm  that  the  ruina 
of  their  houfes  and  villages  ftUl  appear. 
There  are  reafbns^  however,  for  be- 
lieving that  there  may  be  ftill  fome  de* 
fcendants  of  the  ancient  Iceland  colonir 
remaining  in  the  eaftem  diftrift}  though 
they  cannot  be  vifited  by  land,  on  ac« 
count  of  the  ftupendous  mountains^ 
perpetuidly  covered  vwth  fuow,  whtch 
divide  the  two  parts  of  Greenland  { 
whilft  they  have  been  rendered  inaccef* 
fible  by  fee,  by  the  vaft  quantity  of  ica 
driven  fiom  Spitfbcrgen,  or  Eaft-Green- 
land;  one  would  imagine  that  there  muft 
have  been  fome  confiderable  alteration, 
in  the  northei-n  parts  of  the  world  fince. 
the  1:5th  century,  fo  that  the  coaft  of 
Greenland  is  now  become  almoft  totallv 
inaoceiHble,  though  formerly  vifited  witk 
very  littk  difficulty.  Numerous  at- 
tempts have  been  made  in  the  laft  arid 
prefeut  century  to  difcover  the  eaftem 
di(lri£l,  hut  they  have  all  proved  abor- 
tive; In  thefe  attempts  ore  has  been 
fbtind,  every  hundred  lbs.  of  which 
yielded  26  ounces  of  filverj  and  fand, 
from  which  an  eminent  chemift  extract- 
ed pure  gold. 

It  is  thought  the  only  practicable 
method  of  fcaching  thai  part  of  the 
country  will  be  to  coaift  north  about  in 
finall  velTels,  between  the  great  flakes 

oi' 


flot 


ORB 


ORl 


«fleciiidtlitflMff«i  u  the  Oreeltfaikl- 
cra  htvf  dftwWi  thtt  the  cumiitf  cmi> 
tbNMllf  HRiifif  firam  tht  tMytand  bikta, 
and  nmniof  (btithwcllwtrd  Rbng  the 
iMNT,  bindtr  the  ice  from  adberinK  to 
the  Umd  I  fi>  that  there  ia  always  a  cnan. 
■el  opeiit  through  which  vefleie  of  flnall 
%urden  tidght  pafa,  efpectally  if  lodgei 
werehniltat  fuitable  diftancee  on  the 
flwre,  for  the  convenience  and  direftion 
of  the  adrenturers. 

The  GreenUnd  fifliery  ia  produAive, 
and  chiefly  engroflU  by  the  Britifh  and 
Dutch  nationa.  In  17(5  the  former 
amployed  153  ibipa  in  the  whale  fiOiery, 
and  the  Dutch  65. 

GRBlit  M0VNTAIR8,  a  range  of 
mountains  extending  N.  N.  E.  to  8.  S. 
W.  and  dividing  the  waters  which  flow 
aafterly  into  CmncAicut  river,  from 
liMt  which  fall  weierly  into  Lake 
Champlain,  Lake  Ocorge,  and  Hudfon's 
ifver.  The  a(cent  from  the  eaft  to  the 
top  ttfthe  Green  Mountain  in  Vermont, 
ia  much  eafier  thati  fhmi  the  weft,  till 
you  get  to  Onion  river,  where  the  moun- 
tain terminates.  The  height  of  land  is 
cenerally  from  ae  to  30  miles  from  the 
nver,  and  about  the  fame  diftance  from 
the  New- York  line.  The  natural  growth 
upon  this  mountain,  is  hemlock,  pine, 
ftruce,  and  other  evergreens  {  hence  it 
MS  always  a  green  appearance,  and  on 
this  account  hasobtaimd  the  defcriptive 
name  of  Fer  NbtUt  Green  Mountain. 
On  Tome  parte  of  thia  mountain  fnow 
Ilea  till  May,  and  fometimea  till  June. 
The  cUkhi  exteikia  through  Maflachu- 
Ibttaand  Connefticut,  and  terminatea 
in  New- Haven.  Kellington  Peak,  the 
higheftof  thele  mountains,  ia  about  3,454 
hk  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 

GRBBNaBOROVGH,  apoft-town,  and 
chief  town  of  Green  county,  Georgia, 
Somilea  from  Lexington,  and  78  W. 
\rf  8.  from  Aiigufta. 

Grbensborovoh,  a  thriving  i^l- 
lage  in  Caroline  county,  Maryland }  on 
the  weft  fide  of  Choptank  Creek,  about 
f^en  miles  north  of  Danton,  and  ai 
miles  S.  E.  by  S.  of  Chefter. 

Grbensborouoh,  a  new  townfltip 
in  Orleans  coimty  in  Vermont.  It  ad- 
joins to  Miitden  on  the  north-weft,  and 
Wheelock  on  the-fouth-eaft,  and  con- 
tains only  19  inhabitants. 

Grebnsborough,  a  very  flourifli- 
ing  village,  or  town,  in  Georgia,  in 
Ofcen  CO.  one  of  the  moft  fertile  in  the 


9(att0  aftd 
|o  hxNn  W< 


la  to  milN  wan  •#  A«|«lli« 

r  aiRawiMi,  MB  c  fiMi  tha 


Ocanew  river,  the 
the  Creek  Indhaia  md  wMle  peo^. 
This  town  ia  vary  near  id  a  hnffc^ooan- 
tity  of  kuMft  whieh  the  8tatehaa  Wd  off 
and  appropriated  fbr  the  oA  lif  her  pub- 
lic Vnivenlty^  and  which  are  now  in 
Aich  a  ftatc  of  euKitation,  as  to  aiRmI 
a  handlbme  revenue  for  that  inflitution. 

GaBBNSBURdii,  a  poft.town,  and 
the  capital  of  WeftMoreland  county* 
Pennfylvania.  It  ia  a  neat  pretty  town, 
fitiiated  on  a  branch  of  8ewkkly  Creek, 
which  empties  into  Yoiwhiogany  river« 
Here  are  100  dwelling  houns,  a  Oer- 
man  Calvinift  church,  a  brick  conrt- 
hoii(e,  and  a  ftonegaol.  It  is  31  miles 
8.  E.  by  E.  of  Pittfburgh,  and  «70  W. 
by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Grbbnsvillb,  a  county  of  Virgi- 
nia,  encompafliKi  by  BrxmCwick,  South- 
ampton, and  Suflex  counties,  on  the 
weft,  north,  and  eaft,  and  by  the  State  of 
North-Carolina  on  the  foutn.  It  is  abouti 
14  miles  lone,  and  so  broad,  and  con*  < 
tains  6,36a  mhabitants,  of  whom  s,6so 
are  flaves. 

GRBBNViLtB  CMTf-Mm/Sr,  in  Virgi- 
nia, ftands  on  Hick*s  Ford,  %$  miles  from 
Southampton,  and  61  from  Norfolk. 

GRRBNViLLB.a  county  in  Wafhinsr. 
tondUhriA,  8.  Carolbiai  fituated  in  the 
N.  W.  comer  of  the  ftate }  bounded  eaft 
by  Spartanburg  coimty,  in  Pinckney  dif- 
triAi  (buth,  by  Peiidlctoni  weft,  by 
the  State  of  Georgia,  and  that  tra£V  of 
country  which  the  State  of  South-Cw  «>.. 
lina  ceded  to  the  United  States;  and 
north,  by  the  State  of  North-Carolina. 
It  contams  6,50)  Inhabitants  of  whom 
606  are  flaves.  Taxes  lyal.  6s.  8d. 
The  lands  are  mountunoua  and  hilly, 
and  well  watered,  and  the  climate 
healthy  and  agreeable. 

Grben  viLLB,  a  poft-townof  South* 
Carolina,  and  chief  town  of  Cheraws 
diftri6V;  fituated  on  the  weft  fide  of 
Great  Pedee  river,  in  Darlington  coiin«> 
ty.  It  contains  about  30  houfes,  a  court-* 
houfe,  gaol,  and  academy.  It  is  55 
miles  E.  N.E.  of  Camilen,  90  N.  E. 
by  E.  of  Columbia,  135  N.  by  £.  of 
Charleftown. 

GREBNEViLLB,apoft-town,  and  the 
chief  town  of  Pitt  county,  North  Caro- 
lina ;  fituated  on  the  fouth  bank  of  Tar 
river,  diftant  from  Ocrecock  Inlet  1  le 
miles.    It  contains  about  50  boufes,  a 

court-:. 


tut 

Court-hottftandfAoli  iKb  a  firmUtary  of 
Icnrning.  called  tht  Pitt  Acadcmr.  It 
U  < )  milci  from  Wafliington  and  15 
ti\\\t$  from  Tarborough. 

OitiBNr VILLI,  a  fmall  poft-town 
in  Ore«ne  county,  In  the  State  of  Ten. 
neflee,  fitiiatid  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
north  eallcrhmoll  branch  of  Nolachncky 
rivcf,  alioutfixniilesN.byE.  of  Green- 
ville college,  16  milei  north*weft  of 
Jonclborough,  7  5  nh  of  Kuoxville,  and 
6jl  louth-wed  of  Phila'lelphia. 

OkBiMViLLB,  a  (brt  and  fettlement 
in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  on  the  fouth 
(Ide  of  a  north  vftcm  branch  of  the 
Great  Miami,  fix  inilet  north-weft  of 
F  rt  Jcfferfon  on  the  fame  branch,  and 
about  13  miles  fouth- eaft  of  Fort  Recov- 
ery. It  ii  a  picketed  fort,  with  baf- 
tioni  at  each  angle,  and  capacious  enough 
to  accommodate  1,000  men.  Here  tne 
American  legion  had  their  head-quarters 
in  the  late  war  with  the  Indians.  It  was 
eftabliflied  by  the  late  Maj.  Gen.  A. 
Wayne  in  1793,  and  here  he  concluded 
a  treaty  of  peace  with  the  Indian  na- 
tions, on  the  3d  of  Augw»'  ■795' 

Grenvillb  Bay,  or  Im  Bay,  a 
lu  >vn  and  port  of  entry  on  the  ealt  or 
windward  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Granada. 
It  has  about  60  dwelling  houre8,a  church, 
and  feveral  rich  (lores  of  India  anti  Eu- 
ropean goods,  and  plantation  utrnlils. 
Tne  fituation  is  low,  and  rather  un- 
healthy. 

Greenwich,  a  townfliip  in  Hamp- 
fliire  county,  Maflachuretta,  incorporat- 
ed in  1754,  contains  1045  inhabitants. 
It  is  30  miles  eafterly  of  Northampton, 
and  75  wefterly  ofBofton. 

Greenwich,  a  townfliip,  the  fecond 
in  rank  in  Gloucefter  coimty,  New-Jer- 
fey,  fitnated  on  the  eaft  hank  of  Dela- 
ware river,  oppofite  to  Port  MiiHin,  3 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Woodbury,  and  6 
fouth-eaft  of  Philadelphia. 

Greenwich,  a  townfliip  in  SulTex 
county,  New-Jerfey,  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Delaware  river,  in  a  mountainous 
country,  about  5  miles  north-eafterly 
of  Eaiton,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  31 
fouth-weft  of  Newton,  the  (hire  town. 
It  contains  1,035  inhabitants,  of  whom 
64  are  flaves. 

Greenwich,  a  town  in  Cumberland 
county,  New-Jerfey,  on  the  north- weft 
bank  of  Cohanz^  creek,  about  3  miles 
ftom  its  mouth  m  Delaware  Bay.  Here 
are  about  80  houfes,  and  a  Friend's 


OR  E 


l«9 


imettnghoafir.    It  is  ic  mikt  Ibutb* 

lerlv   "  * 
PhiUuf'tphii 


ftftcriy  of  Sdem,  and 


It  mikt 


W.  of 


GRiiNwtCR,  •  iMritime  townfliip 
in  Patrfield  connty,  Connefticut,  ra- 
the ibuth-wffftnrpmoft  of  the  StaUt  Km 
about  50  miles  iveft  of  New-Hattn,  and 
40  eaftof  New«.Yerk  city.  Its  ftft-€o«ft 
on  Long  Ifland  Sound,  and  that  of  the 
townfli^  of  Stamford  on  the  eaftward* 
has  a  number  of  ifles  and  rocks  botdef- 
ing  the  inlets  of  the  fea  and  moatlM  of 
the  creeks.  Byram  river  paflits  through 
ibis  town,  the  largeft  of  the  fmall  ftretms 
which  water  it,  and  only  noticeable  as 
formini;  part  of  the  line  between  Con- 
neAicui  and  New- York. 

This  traA  was  purchafed  of  the  na- 
tive Indians  in  1640,  and  fettled  under 
the  government  of  the  New  Netherlands 
(now  New- York)  and  was  incorporated 
by  Peter  Stuyvefant  in  iMst  who  wa4 
then  governor  of  the  New  Netherlands. 
This  town  falling  within  the  bounds  of 
ConneAicut,  was  afterwards  granted  to 
eight  perfons  by  tlia  colony. 

Greenwich,  in  Rhode  Ifland  {  fee 
Eafi  GreeHtvicb. 

Greenwood,  a  townfliip  in  Cum- 
berland county,  Penniyivania.  Alfo,  a 
townfliip  in  Mifllin  county  in  the  fame 
State. 

Green  ffeoJt,  a  vaft  foreft  of  ftately 
pines  in  Litchfield  county,  ComieAicuty 
which  cover  the  face  ot  a  part  of  that 
county.  Thefe  are  cloathed  in  green 
bearded  mofs,  which  being  pendant  from 
the  boughs,  ftreens  many  of  the  trees 
fiomthe  eyes,  and  gives  to  the  whole  a 
gloomy,  wild,  and  whimfical  appear* 
artce. 

GliEGORiA,ST.atown  of  New-Mex- 
ico, firuated  on  the  eaft-fide  of  Rio 
Bravo,  ^.  few  leagues  north  of  St.  An- 
tonio. ' 

Gregstown,  a  village  in  Somerfet 
county,  New-Jerfey,  on  the  eaft-fide  of 
Millftone  river,  6  miles  north-eafterly 
of  Princeton,  and  about  9  fouth-weft  of 
New-Bninfwick. 

Grenada.    See  Granada. 

Gres,  Cape  ait,  a  promontory  on 
the  ealtern  fide  of  the  Mifliflppi  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  S  leagues  above  the 
Illinois  river,  and  the  trajt  of  country 
fo  calkd,  extends  5  leagues  on  that  river, 
Theie  is  a  gradual  defcent  back  to  de- 
lightful meadows,  and  to  beautiful  and 
fertile  uphmJe,  watered  by  feveral  rivu- 

O  lets, 


^lo  G  H  O: 

lett)  which  fall  into  the  Illinois  river> 
betwi'Mi  ^o  and  40  miles  fiom  its  entrance 
into  the  Mifllfippi,  and  into  the  latter  at 
^pe  ail  Gres.    The  diftam  '  from  the 


lUtlippi  to  the  Illinois  acrofs  the  coun- 
tnr»  i*  Ip^ned  or.  increaledi  according 
to  the  windings  of  the  former  river} 
the  foialU^  diftance  isatCape  au  Gres, 
and  there  it  is  hetween  4.  and  5  miles, 
rf  he  lai\ds  in  this  intermediate  fpace  be- 
tween the  above  two  rivers  are  rich*  al- 
moft  beyond  parallel,  covered  with  large 
oaks,  walnut,  Sec,  ind  not  a  ftone  to 
he  feen,  except  upon  the  fides  of  the 
river. 

If  fettlefitents  were  begun  here,  the 
French  inhabitants  acknowledge  that 
the  Spaniih  fettlements  on  the  other  fide 
of  the  Mifiifippi  would  be  abandoned ; 
i|s  the  former  would  excite  a  conltant 
fucceflion  of  fettlers,  and  intercept  all 
tf^  trade  of  the  Upper  M|fllfippi. 

Grison,  one  oi  the  fmaller  Grana- 
dillas,  fituated  between  Diamond  ifland 
^nd  Cariacou.  It  is  uninhabited,  having 
no  frefli  water. 

Gro3  Morne  (lands  in  the  middle 
ofthenirth  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Qoinuigo,  between  the  mountain 
and  the  head  waters  of  a  river  which 
falls  into  the  Tea  4.  leagues  to  the  north, 
and  a  league  ^nd  a  half  weft  of  Port  de 
Paix.  It  IS  equally  diftant,  1 1  leagues 
nbrth-eaft  of  Point  Paradis,  and  north- 
weft  oFLes  Gonaives.  N.  lat.  19.  46. 
y^.  long,  from  P^ris  75.  13. 

Groton,  a  townftiip  in  Caledonia 
county,  in  Vehnont,  is  fituated  weftward 
of  and  adjoining  to  Ryegate  townfhip 
on  Conneflicut  river,  and  9milesnorth- 
wefterly  of  Stephen's  fort  on  that  river. 
It  contains  45  inhabitants. 

Qrqton,  a  townfhip  in  Middlefex 
county,  Maffachufctts,  35  miles  N.  W. 
cfBofton,  ahd  contains  1,140  inhabit- 
ants. 

GroTOM)  ft  townfliip  in  Nev/-Lon- 
don  county,  Goi>ne£licut,  having  Fifli- 
er's  Ifland  Soimd  on  the  fouthward,  and 
Thames  river  on  the  weft ;  which  fepa* 
rates  it  troni  New-London,  to  which  it 
formerly  lieionged.  It  was  inc<  rporntcd 
in  170^,  and  roKfifU  of  two  parifties, 
containing  3,946  inhabitants.  In  1770 
th'.re  were  140  Indians  here}  44  of 
whom  could  read,  aiid  17  were  church 
members.  On  a  height,  on  tbe  bank  of 
tk$Tlm^t  0|»pofittNcw.Lotkl«icity, 


cu  A 

ftood  Fort  Grifwold,   memoi:abIc  foi; 

being  ftormed  on  the  £th  of  September, 

1 78 1,  by  BenediA  Arnold,  a  nativ^e  of 

ConiieAicut,   after  he  had  become  a^ 

'  traitor  to  his  country.    Here  70  men, 

the  flower  of  the  town,  were  put  tb  th^ 

iiword,  after  they  had  turrendered  them- 

jfelves  prifoners.     The  compaft  part  of 

the  town  was  burnt  at  the  fame  time, 

and  fuftained  lodes  to  the  amount  of 

a3,ii7l.     Fort  Grifwold  defends  the 

harbour  of  New-London. 

Grove  Point  forms  the  north  fide 
of  the  mouth  of  Saflafras  river,  in  Chef> 
apeak  Bay,  5  miles  fouth-fouth-wcft  of 
Turkey  Point. 

Grovet*s  Creek,  in  the  State  of 
Tenneflee,  lies  7  miles  from  King's 
Spring,  and  a  from  the  foot  of  Cumber* 
land  Mountain. 

Gryal.va,  a  river  in  the  province 
of  Chiapa,  in  New  Spain,  whicn  is  fiiid 
to  breed  certain  ampnibious  heafts  not. 
to  be  found  in  any  other  place.  They 
refemble  monkc^'^.  and  are  fpotted  like 
tygers ;  they  hide  themfelves  generally.  -, 
under  water,  ^d  if  they  fee  any  man  or 
beaft  fwim  by,  they  twift  their  tails 
about  a  leg  or  arm  to  draw  them  to  the 
bottom ;  and  yet  it  has  never  been  ob- 
ferved  tliat  they  cat  them. 

Gryson,  a  new  county  of  Virginia, 
taken  from  Montgomery,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  north.  It  has  the  State  of  N. 
Carolina,  ibuth,  Henry  and  Wythe 
counties  on  the  eaft  and  weft. 

GuACANA,  a  village  in  New  Spain, 
near  the  mountain  Jeniyo,  which  was  de- 
ftroyed  by  a  volcano  in  that  mountain,^ 
in  1760. 

GvACOCKiNGO,  a  town  in  New 
Spain,  30  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Mexico. 

Gvadalajarra,  or  GuadalaxarOf 
a  province  in  ihe  audience  of  Galicia, 
in  6ld  Mexico  or  New-Spain,  and  its 
capital,  an  epifcopai  city  of  the  fame 
name,  both  large  and  beautiful.  The 
city  was  built  anpo  1 531,  by  one  (^  the 
family  of  theGuznnans ;  and  thebiihop- 
ric,  which  was  before  fettled  ^t  Com- 
poftella,  was  tranflated  thither  in  1 570. 
It  is  fituated  on  a  delightful  and  fertile 
pbin,  watered  with  feveral  ftreams  and 
fountains,  not  far  from  Barai^a  river. 
The  air  of  the  country  is  temperate, 
and  the  foil  fo  fertile,  that  it  yieUs  100 
to  one ;  and  all  the  fruits  of  Europe 
grew  in  luxuriance  and  abundance.    N. 

lat. 


N«w 


OVA 

lat.  to.  50.  W.  long.  io4>.  49*  The 
provioce  is  watered  by  the  Ouadalax- 
ara  river. 

GVADALAXARA,  orCrsoi  Rh/er,  in 
Mexico  or  New-Spain>  rifes  in  the 
mountains  of  the  valley  of  Toloccan, 
where  ftands  the  city  or  Guadaiajarra, 
or  Guadalaxara,  the  capital  of  New 
Galtcia.  After  ranning  a  courfe  of  more 
than  600  miles,  it  empties  into  the  Pa> 
cific  Ocean,  in  the  tad  degree  of  N.  lat. 
It  hais  ftupendous  falls,  1 5  miles  foutb 
of  the  city  of  its  name. 

GvAi>ALOVPB,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  California,  in  N.  lat.  90.  5.W. 
lonef.  118. 

GVADAtoVPE,  one  of  the  Caribbe 
iflands  iiv  the  Weft- Indies  belonging  to 
Francsi^having  been  fettled  by  them  in 
1635.  The  natives  called  it  Caracudta 
ami  Caracufira.  Columbus  gave  it  its 
prefent  name,  from  the  refemhiance  of 
Its  mountains  to  thofe  of  that  name  in 
Spain.  It  is  fituated  in  16.  to.  N.  lat. 
and  in  6t.  W.  long,  about  30  leagues 
north  of  Martinico,  and  almoft  as  many 
fouth  of  Antigua,  being  45  miles  long, 
and .  38  broad.  It  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  a  fmall  arm  of  the  lea,  or  rather 
a  narrow  channel,  through  which  no 
Hiips  can  venture ;  but  the  inhabitants 
pais  it  in  a  ferry-boai.  Its  foil  is  equally 
fertile,  and  in  the  fame  produ£lions  with 
that  of  Mariinico.  This  ifland  was 
takeAiiy  the  BritiOi  in  1759,  but  was 
retbred  at  the  treaty  of  peace  in  1763. 
It  was  taken  by  the  fame  power  in  1794, 
but  was  retaken  by  the  French  in  the 
dofeof  the  fame  year.  Here  is  a  high 
burning  mountain,  which  abounds  with 
fulphnr,  and  fmoke  ifl'ues  out  from  fun- 
dry  clefts  and  chinks.  The  negroes 
who  fell  brimftone  fetch  it  from  this 
mountain.  Many  years  ago  this  ifland 
produced  46  million  pounds  of  fugar,  1 1 
millions  of  coiFee,  3x0,000  of  cotton, 
and  8,000  pounds  of  cocoa. 

GuAGA<^ii,.    See  Guayaguil. 

GuAiRA,  a  bay  in  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America,  in  the  North  Sea. 

GuAiRA,  a  Spaniffi  province  in  the 
eaft  divificn  of  Paraguay,  in  S.  Ameri- 
ca. Its  city  isCividad  Real,  called 
alfo  Guaira,  arid  Olive,  os. 

GuAMALiES,  a  province  in  thejnrif* 
diAion  of  the  abp.of  Lima,  inS.  Ame- 
rica, and  empire  of  Peru,  begins  80 
leagues  north-eaft  of  Lima,  and  extends 
along  the  caitre  of  the  Cordillera*    The 


GUA  3IX 

Indian  inhabitants  apply  themfelrei  to 
weaving,  and  making  a  great  variety  of 
baiies,  ferges,  and  other  Intffs,  with 
which  they  carry  on  confiucrable  trade 
with  the  other  provinces. 

Gt7AMAN  Villas,  a  jurifdiftlon  un- 
der the  ahp.  of  Lima,  7  leagues  inm 
Ouamanga.  It  is  highly  fertile,  abound- 
ing with  com,  fruits,  paftures,  cattle 
in  great  quantities,  and  all  manner  of  - 
efculent  vegetables.  The  Indians  here 
are  equally  induftrious  as  thofe  above 
mentioned,  making  baizes,  corded  ftuffsy 
&c.  which  they  fend  to  Cufco  and  other 
provinces. 

GUAMANGA,  or  GuamaHca,  or  St, 
Juan  de  la  Fittoria^  a  city  of  Peru,  about' 
60  leagues  fotith-eaft  of  Lima,  and  hav- 
ing Piico  between  it  and  the  fea.  It  wat' 
founded  by  Pizarro,  in  1539.  The 
houfss  are  all  of  ftone,  covered  witll 
flates .  There  are  in  it  3  elegant  church-i 
es,  feveral  convents,  and  a  rich  hofpi« 
tal  J  being  the  feat  of  a  bifliop,  under  ' 
the  abp.  of  Lima,  the  feat  of  a  gover- 
nor, and  the  capital  of  a  fmall  province* 
The  air  is  wholelbme  and  temperate* 
The  foil  produces  wheat,  and  the  mea^ 
dows  breed  numerous  herds  of  cattle. 
There  are  in  the  province  mines  of 
gold,  filver,  iron,  Vad,  copper,  and 
fulphur.  The  famous  quick-filveT 
mines  of  Guancavelica  are  9  or  ten  lea- 
gues from  this  city.  S.  lat.  it.  to* 
W.  long.  7 ..  36. 

GuANAHAMi,  or  St.  Saltfodort.  Sc« 
Cat  IJtand. 

GvANA  Patina,  a  volcano  near  An^ 
quipa,  in  the  valley  of  Quilea,  in  S.  Ame* 
rica,  and  empire  of  Peru ;  whofe  erup- 
tion, aflifled  by  an  earthquake,  laid  Axct* 
quipa  in  ruins  in  1600. 

Gv>NCHA  Belica,  a  jurifdi£lioii 
fubjejl  to  the  abp.  of  Lima,  in  Peru,  36 
leagues  north  of  the  city  of  Guamangfa } 
has  very  rich  quick>filver  mines,  bu( 
otherwtfc  very  barren.  See  Guofrnd" 
velrca. 

GvANCHACO,  a  port  or  harbour  ill 
Peru,  S.  America,  about  t  leagues  north 
ofTruxillo,  and  the  channel  of  its  ma- 
ritime commerce,  Ctaated  in  8.  6.  S» 
lat.  in  the  South  Sea. 

GVANTA,  a  juiifftiflion north-north- 
weft  of  Guaqanga  4  leagues,  m  the  n\- 
?ire  of  Peru  {  under  the  abp.  of  Lima* 
ts  rich  filver  nines  iare  nearly  exi)i.uft- 
ed. 

GVANSAVKii^Ai  A  GuaaeofoiBcit, 

O  %  fttwwf 


.'•V 


■• 


a  town  of  Pehi  in  South  America,  and 
in  the  audience  ot  Lima.  It  is  rich  and 
abounds  in  mines  of  quick- Til ver ;  iso 
miles  north -ealt  of  Pifeo,  and  i75routh- 
eaftof  Lima.  S.  lat.  13.  W.  long.  88. 
30.  -Tile  famous  quick- filver  rairrs 
filled  Guanxavelicat  or  El  Affieutt  de 
OropefOf  not  far  from  the  above  town, 
near  the  city  of  Oropefo,  were  difcoyer- 
edby.the  Spaniards'  in  1566,  and  pro- 
duce  annually  a  million  pounds  of  quick- 
fdver,  which  is-  tranlborted  by  land  to 
Ifima,  afterwards  to  Arica,  and  thence 
to.  Potodf  where  they  make  ufe  of  it  to 
melt  and  refine  the  filver }  and  it  yiekls 
to  the  SpaniHi  treaAiry  40,000  ducats  a 
year,  belides  other  emoluments.  The 
quick-fdver  is  found  in  a  whitifh  mafs 
lyfembling  brick  Uly  burned.  This 
fubftance  is  volatilised  by  6re,  and  re- 
qeived  in  fleam  l?y  a  combination  of  glafs 
veflels,  where  it  condenfes  by  means  of 
a  little  water  at  the  bottom  of  each  vef- 
l«l,  and  forms  a  pure  heavy  liquid. 
„  GuANUCo  or  Guanug9,  a  pity  and 
t^e  capital  of  its  jurifdi£lion,  in  the  ahp. 
of  Lima,  in  Peru,  which  begins  40  lea- 
gues from  Lima.  It  was  a  fettlement 
made  .by  tlie  firft  conqucroi:s,  but  the 
<!ity  is  now  in  a  mean  condition.  Several 
|(inds,  of  jellies  ;ind  fweetmeat^  &re  made 
l^re,  and  fold  tootlier  provinces.  It  is 
191  miles  north -eafl, of  Lima.  S.  lat. 
10..  I.J..  W.  lo;)g.  75.  ao. 

Guar  A,  a  town  in  its  own  jurifjic- 
tipQ  on  the  road  from  Truxillo  to  Lima, 
containing  about  aoo  houies.  It  has  a 
p^riih  church,  and  a  convent  of  Francif- 
cans,  (urrounded  by  fine  plantations, 
and  ddighti'ul  improvements.  At  the 
&iith  end  of  Guara  (lands  a  large  tower 
wiUi  a  gate,  and,  ovn;  it  a  kind  of  re- 
doubt. This  tower  is  ere£led  before  a 
ftone  bridge,  underwhich  runs  Guara 
river.  Il  lies  in  S.  lat.  11.  ji.  36. 
Not  far  from  this  town  arc  P:ill  to  be 
feen  4  neat  piany  ruinous  |remains  of 
the  edifices  of  the  Yncas  or  fncas  ;  Inch 
as  walls  of  palaces,  large  dykes,  by  the 
(ides  of  fpacious  highways,  fortrelTes, 
and  caflles,  creeled  for  checking  the  in- 
roads of  the  enemy. 

GuARCHi,  a  jurifdiflion  6  leapj'ies 
eaft  of  Lima,  in  Peru,  extends  ttfelf 
above  40  leagues  along  the  Cordilleras, 
abovmding  in  grain  and  fruits.  It  has 
/ome  filver  mines,  but  as  the  tnetal  is 
iticiifTerent,  few  are  wrought. 

GvARico,  a  tuwQ  fituatcd  on  the 


GUA 

north  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo^ 
but  more  commonly  called  Cape  Fran- 
cois \  which  fee. 

GuA^RMAf.a  maritime  town  of  Peru, 
in  South  America.  South  lat.  lo^  id* 
Weft  long.  77.49.  •  . 

GuARMOY,  a  fmall  maritime  town- 
of  Peru,  in  South  America.  It  is  the  re- 
fidence  of  a  corregidore }  has  a  good 
harbour,  and  Ue<»  134  miles  north-weft 
of  Lima,  S.  lat.  18.  3.  53. 

GuASCa,  a  river  of  Chili  in  South- 
America. 

GuASTACA,  or  P«««r«,  (wlviclr  fee) 
a  province  which  borders  on  New  Leon 
and  Mexico,  in  which  province  arp  grain, 
cochineal,  and  fome  very  rich  filver 
mine».  All  the  fhores  ai'«  low,  over- 
flowed, unhealthy,  and  fuU  offaU  raarfh- 
%%, 

GUATA  VITA,  a  lake  in  Terra  Pi«-ma, 
South-America,  near  the  city  of  Santa 
f<f  </<f£a^o/a}  which  fee. 
.  GuATiMALA,  Audience  and  PrO' 
'vince  of,  in  New  Spain,  is  about  750\ 
miles  in  length,  and  450  in  breadth.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Chiapa  and 
Vera  Pax  j  on  the  fouth  and  wtft  by  the 
South  Sea,  and  on  the  eaft  by  Honduras. 
It  abounds  in  chocolate,  which  they 
muke  ufe  of  inftead  of  money.  It  has 
12  Province»  under  it,  and  the  native 
-Indians  profefs  Chrlftianity ;  but  it  is 
mixed  with  a  great  many  of  their  own 
fuperftttions.  . 

There  is  a  great  chain  of  high  moun- 
tains, which  runs  acrofs  it  from  eaft  to 
weft,  and  it  is  fubje£l  to  earthquakes  and 
ftorms.  It  is,  however,  very  fertile, 
and  produces  great  quantities  of  cho- 
colate, cochineal  cotton,  indigo,  honey, 
iome  balfam  and  woad.  The  merchan- 
dize of  the  province  is  generally  con- 
veyed to  the  port  of  St.  Thomas  in  the 
bay  of  Honduras,  to  be  lent  to  Emope. 
The  way  acrofs  this  province  to  the 
South  Sea  is  about  65  leagues,  and  is 
the  next  to  that  from  Vera  Cruz  to 
Acapulco.  This  province  isicalled  by 
the  Indians  Sluatuemallac,  which  figni- 
fiee  a  rotten  tree. 

St.  Jago  de  Guatlmala,  the  capital 
city,  is  lituated  in  a  valley,  through  the 
midft  of  which  runs  a  river  between  two 
burning  mountains.  In  1541  this  city 
waii  nuned  by  a  dreadful  tempeft,  and 
a  number  of  the  inhabitants  were  buried 
in  the  ruins.  It  was  rebuilt  at  a  good 
difUnce  trom  the  volcano,  and  becmnc  a 

large 


apital 
ph  the 
n  two 
s  city 
',  and 
buried 
good 
:amc  a 


G  U  A 

hige  and  rich  town,  withabifliop'sfee, 
and  an  univeriity  j  but  it  was  fwaliowed 
up  by  an  earthquake  in  177  ]•  It  con- 
tained about  60,000  inhabitants  of  all 
ooiours,  dnd  was  immenlely  rich,  bm 
tliere  are  no  traces  of  it  left.  The  lol's 
was  valued  at  15  millions  fterling ;  and 
it  was  the  third  city  in  rank  in  Spanifh 
America^  In  this  dreadful  earthquakt 
'8,oeo  families  ioftantly  perifhed.  New 
Guatimaiai  is  built  at  fomediftance,  is 
well  iohabited,  and  carries  on  a  great 
trade.     N.  lat.  13.4.0.  W.  long.  90.30. 

GUAXACA,  a  province  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Mexico,  in  New  Spain,  N.  Ame- 
rica, and  its  capital  city  of  the  fame 
qame.  It  reaches  from  the  bay  of  Mex- 
ico on  the  north  to  the  South  Sea,  hav- 
ing tlje  province  of  Tiafcala  on  the  north- 
weft,  and  tUofe  of  Chiapa  and  Tabaico 
on  the  fouth-^aft.  It  extends  nearly  95 
leagues  along  the  South  Sea,  50  along 
the  bay  of  Mexico,  and  near  120,  fay 
ipme,  along  the  confines  of  Tlafcala, 
but  not  above  50  on  thole  of  Chiapa. 
The  air  here  is  giod,  and  the  foil  fruit- 
ftil,  el'pecialiy  in  mulbf  rry  trees ;  fo  that 
it  produces  more  fdk  than  any  province 
in  America.  Except  the  valley  of  Guax- 
aca  (which  is  famous  for  givinfir  the 
title  of  Marques  dell  Valle  to  Ferdinand 
Cortez,  the  conqueror  of  Mexico)  the 
greateft  part  is  mountainous,  yet  abound- 
ing with  vvlieat;  cattle,  fugar,  cctton, 
Ipney,  cocoa,  plantanes  and  other  fruits. 
It  has  rich  mines  of  gold,  filver,  and 
lead  ;  and  all  its  rivers  have  gold  in  their 
lands.  CaHia,  cochineal,  cryftal«  and 
copperas  abound  alio  here.  Vanilla,  a 
drug,  ultd  as  a  perfume  to  give  choco- 
late a  flavour,  grows  plentihilly  in  this 
province.  Tiltre  were  in  this  pro- 
vince izo  monaReriec,  befides  hofpitals, 
lv:hools,  and  other  places  of  public  cha- 
rity, 1 50  cor.liderable  towns,  befides 
iipwaixis  of  300  villages.  Sut  now  the 
province  is  thinly  inhabited. 

GUAXACA,  the  capital  of  the  laft 
mentioned  province,  is  a  bifliop's  lee, 
wd  the  refidence  of  a  governor.  It  lifis 
«jo  miles  Ibuth  of  the  city  of  Mexico, 
i.zo  well  of  Spirito  Santo,  and  1 32  fouth 
of  the  gulf  ot  Mexico,  and  of  Vera  Cruz, 
ill  the  delightful  valley  of  Guaxaca, 
which  is  40  iniks  in  length  and  %o  in 
Veadth ;  and  on  the  road  leading  throT 
Chiapa  to  Quatlniala.  This  city  con- 
tpins  a  very  (lately  ;cathedrai.,  and  feve- 
rai  thoufand  lainilies,  both  Spaniards  and 


G  U  A  aij 

Indians.  ^^1  carries  on  a  conGderable 
trade  with  the  N.  and  S.  feas.  The 
river  is  not  fortified,  fo  that  it  lies  open 
to  invafion.  The-Creolian  clergy  here' 
are  bitter  enemies  to  the  Spanifli  ciergry. 
According  to  fome,  the  proper  name  of 
Guaxac'a  is  Antiquera\  but  this  laft, 
others  make  a  feparate  town  and  bifliop'o 
fee  aifo,  fituated  about  80  milts  to  the 
S.  W.  It  is  faid  to  have  a  ftately  ca- 
thedral, adorned  with  many  large  and 
high  pillars  of  marble,  each  of  vvhicU 
is  one  entire  ftone.  It  is  fituated  in  N. 
lat.  18.  2.  W.  long.  loi.  10.  Guax- 
aca  is  Htuated,  according  to  Ibme,  In  N. 
lat.  17.4-5.  ^'  !<>"?•  loo- 

Gu  AY  ALAS,  a  province  and  jurifdic- 
tlon  in  the  archbiftiopric  of  Lima,  in 
Peru,  S.  America;  extends  along  the 
centre  of  the  Cordilleras,  begins  50  lea- 
gues N.  N.  E.  of  Lima;  .produces 
grain,  frnits,  and  pafture  for  cattle. 

GuAYANA,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Paria,  in  Terra  Firma,  South- Ame-  ■ 
rica,  about  175  miles  S.  E.  by  £.  of 
Calabexa,   and   75  fouth  of  the  mouth 
of  the  gulf  of  Paria. 

GuAYAqyiL,  railed  by  fome  Guia- 
quil,  by  others  Guag.iquilinA  Cuayaial, 
a  city,  bay,  harbour,  and  river,  in' 
Peru,  South-America.  Guayaquil  ci- 
ty is  the  fecond  of  Spanlftt  origin,  being 
as  ancient  as  1534;  is  (ituated  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  river  Guayaquil,  north ' 
of  the  irtand  of  Puna  at  the  head  of  the 
bay,  and  about!  55  miles  S.  S.  W.  of 
Qu^ito,  in  t.  11.  fouth  lat.  79.  17.  welt 
long.  Cividad  Viega,  or  Old  Town, 
was  its  firil  fituation,  but  it  was  remov- 
ed about  a  quarter  of  a  league  in  1693' 
by  Orellana  ;  and  the  communication 
over  the  great  ravins  or  hollows  of 
water,  preferved  between  the  old  and 
new  towns  by  a  wooden  britlge  of  half 
a  quarter  of  a  league.  The  city  is  about 
two  miles  in  extent ;  is  defended  by  three 
forts,  two  on  the  river  near  the  city, 
and  the  third  behind  it,  guarding  the 
entrance  of  a  ravin.  The  churches, 
convents,  and  houfes  are  of  wood.  It 
contains  about  20,000  inhabitants— Eu  • ' 
ro'peans,  Creoles  and  other  cafts ;  be-  ' 
(ides  a  number  of  ftrangers  drawn  hither 
by  commercial  intertlls.  The  womeii- 
licie  are  ianied  for  theil'  perfonal  charnis, 
polite manhbrs,  alkl  elegant  drefs.  I  he 
talt  creek  here  abounds  with  tobfters 
and  oyfters ;  but'  thb  fi(h  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood are  ngt  cfteieraiM,  being  full  oi  . 

O  3  bones. 


914  GUI 

boneti  andunpaUtablc.  Bu|  this  place 
U  moft  noted  fur  a  flie]|.fi(h  called  tttr- 
kim,^  no  bigger  than  a  nut»  which  pro 
<iucca  a  purple  reckoned  to  exceed  all 
othera  in  tlie  world,  and  to  vie  with  that 
•f  the  Tyriana.  It  ia  called  the  purple 
«f  Punta,  a  place  in  the  jurifdiAiou  ot 
Ouayaquil.  With  thii  valuable  and 
Ibarce  purple,  they  dye  tlie  threads  of 
cotton,  ribbands,  lacei,  &c.  and  the 
weight  and  colour  are  faid  to  exceed  ac> 
eording  to  the  houri  of  the  day  }  fo 
that  one  of  the  firft  preliminarie*  to  a 
wntraA  is  to  fettle  the  time  when  it 
ftall  be  weighed.  The  dye  is  only  tht 
blood  of  the  fiOi,  prefled  out  by  a  parti- 
cular proccia  (  and  the  cotton  fo  dyed 
it  jealled  by  way  of  eminence  caraceUiUt. 
"the  river  Guayaquil  is  the  channel  of 
ita  commerce  I  and  the  diftance  of  the 
navigable  part  of  it,  to  the  cuftom-houfe 
of  Babahio  ia  reckoned  about  24,  lea- 
guea.  The  commerce  of  this  place  is 
confiderahle  {  the  productions  of  the 
rountnr  alone  form  the  moft  confiderabie 
part  of  it  t  thtfe  are  cocoa,  timber,  fair, 
Aorned  cattle,  mules,  and  colts  {  Gui- 
nea pepper,  drugs,  and  iana  de  ceibo,  a 
kin  1  of  vrool,  the  produft  of  a  very 
high  and  tufted  tree  of  that  name,  being 
ilner  than  cotton.  It  ia  ufed  for  mat- 
taflks  and  beds. 

GtTAYARA,  La,  a  maritime  town, 
and  one  of  the  chief  of  Caraccas,  in 
South-America. 

GvAYNA,  a  town  in  the  interior  part 
of  Braiil  on  Parana  river,  a  fliort  dif 
tance  fouth  of  the  iropic  of  Capricorn. 

Guiana,  a  large  country  of  South- 
America,  between  the  rivers  Oroonoko 
and  Amaaon.  The  fea-coaft  is  partly 
pofleflM  by  the  Dutch  and  French. 
See  Firtmcb  JiMrica  or  Cayenmet  and 
DiUcb  America  or  Dutch  Guiana.  The 
moft  confidejable  '^f  the  Indian  nations 
of  Guiana  ne  the  Charibbees,  the  Ar- 
vaques,  the  Yaos,  and  the  Galihis. 
Thefe  are  well  proportioned,  for  the 
moft  part,  are  fwarthy,  and  go  naked. 
The  Charaibes,  or  Caribbees  are  enter- 
|»ri(ing,  and  (b  cautious  of  lurpril'e,  that 
tliey  poft  out-guards  and  centinels  with 
as  much  care  and  art  ax  the  Europeans. 
Itbev  are  faid  to  have  been  formerly  can- 
nifawla.  The  Galibis  are  more  addi£twd 
to  peace  {  they  manufaAure  hammocks 
and  cotton  beos,  and  are  very  ingenious. 
Such  as  are  near  the  Europeans  have 
JeaiitttolMipdlafiM<«nM.     The  Cha. 


GUI 

raibcs  in  the  Waft  Indies  are  thought  to 
derive  their  origin  from  thefe  nations. 
The  Charaibes  of  Guiana  Aill  fondly 
cherifli  the  tradition  of  Sir  Wslter  Ra- 
leigh's alliance  t  and  to  this  I'.ay  pre- 
ferve  the  Engliftt  coloius  which  he  left 
with  them  at  parting,  above  180  years 
(Ince. 

GviAHDOT,  a  river  of  Virginia, 
which  rifes  in  the  Cumberland  Moun> 
tain,  and  running  a  N.  by  W.  courfe 
about  80  miles,  taUs  into  the  Ohio  river, 
about  34  miles  below  the  Great  Kanha- 
way.  It  is  faid  to  be  60  yards  wide  at 
its  mouth,  and  as  many  miles  navigable 
for  canors. 

GuiAM*  a  town  of  Terra  Firma, 
on  the  Caracoa  coaft.  Its  harbour  ia 
at  a  miles  eaftof  Maracaibo,  where,  in 
the  years  1739,  *^*-'^  I74)*  the  Britilh 
were  twice  repulltd,  and  loft  Ibme  men 
in  attacking  this  place.  S.  lat.  10.  39. 
W.  long.  66.  I. 

OviLDHALL,   a  townlhip  in  Eflex 
coun  y  in  Vermont,  is  fituatcd  on  Con-  ,-  i^ 
ne£licut  river,  and  contains  i$8  inhab-  \  | 
itants.     It  is  oppofite  the  mouthoflf- 
rat-l  river  in  New-Hampftiire. 

Guilford,  atownmip  in  Franklin 
county,  Pennl'ylv.^nia. 

GuiLPORD,a  totvnfliipin  Windham 
county,  Vermont,  on  the  weft  bank  of  - 
Conne^icut  river,  and  opuofite  to  the 
mouth  of  AAiuflot  river  i"  New>Hamp* 
ftiire.  It  has  Hinfdaleon  the  fouth-eaft, 
and  the  State  of  Maflachufetta  on  the 
fouth,  and  contains  a43s  inhabitants. 

Guilford,  a  poft-town  of  Connec- 
ticut, in  New-Haven  county,  fituated 
on  the  fouth- fide  of  I^ng-Ifland  Sound, 
about  18  miles  E.  by  8.  of  New-Haven 
city.  The  townfliip  is  large  and  is  di- 
vided into  fiv«  pariflies,  and  was  fettled  ^' 
in  1639.  It  was  called  MtHumatKck 
by  the  Indians. 

Guilford  County,  in  Salifl>ury  dif- 
trif^,  North  Carolina,  is  bounded  eaft 
by  Orange,  Weft  by  Rowan,  fouth  by 
Rockingham  county,  and  north  by 
the  State  of  Virgiiiin.  It  is  noted  for 
theextenfiveand  rich  tracts  called  Ke>N^ 
Garden,  Buffiiloe  and  Deep  river  lands* 
Tt  contains  7191  inhabitants,  incluGve 
of  576  (laves.  Chiet  town,  Martinville. 

byitPoRD  Couri'HoMfi.  See  Mar. 
titfviUe.  It  is  on  the  poft- road  from 
Haliiax  to  Salifljury,  48  miUs  fouth- 
weft  of  HilUborough,  and  61  eaft  ward  of 
Saliibury. 

GUIMET, 


HBT, 


6Vt 

OVfNfeT, « townfhipin  Mdntgomerjr 
county,  Pcnnfylvania. 

Ovur  OP  Florida,  or  Sew  Baha- 
ma Cbaniul,  is  boun.ed  on  the  w«ft  by 
thepen<niula  of  Ealf  Floridsi,  and  on  the 
eaft  by  the  Bahama  Iflamls.  It  i«  ge- 
nerally about  40  miles  wide,  and  ex- 
tends from  I  he  asth  to  the  28th  degree 
of  N.  latitude. 

Gulp  Stream.    This  remarkable 
phcno  'lenon  is  a  current  in  the  ocean 
Vliich  runs  along  the  coaft,  at  unequal 
diftances   from  Cape  Florida    to    the 
Iflc  nf  Sallies  and  the  banks  of  New- 
foundland,  whe.e  it  tuns  off  and  rung 
down  through    the   Weftem    iflands ; 
thence    to  the  coajt  of   Afl'ica,    and 
along  that  coad  in  a  fouthein  dtre£lion, 
till  it  arrives  at,  and  fupplies  the  place 
of  thole  waters  carried  by  the  con- 
ftanr  trade  -vinds  from  tne  coaft   of 
Africa  toiwar'ls  theweft,  thus  producing 
a  conant  circnlatine  current.     This 
fti«nm  is  about  75  miles  from  the  (hores 
of  the  fouthcrn  States,  and  the  diftance 
increafcs  as    you  proceed    northward. 
The  width  of  it  is  about  40  or   50 
miles,  widening  towards  the  north.    Its 
common    rapidity    is    three  miles    an 
hour.     A  north-eaft  wind  narrows  the 
ftream,  renders  it  more  rapid,  and  drives 
it  nearer  the  coaft.     North- weft  and 
weft  winds  have  a  contrary  tfft:6t.  The 
Gulf  Stream  is  fuppoied  to  be  occafion- 
ed  by  the  trade-wmds  that  are  conftant- 
ly  driving  the  water  to  the  weft  ward, 
which  being  comprefled  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  finds  a  paftage  between  Florida 
and  the  Bahama  Iflands,  and  runs  to 
the  north-eaft  vlong  the  American  coaft. 
This  hypothefit  is  confirmed  by  another 
fa6l :    It  is  faid  that  the  water  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  is  many  yards  higher 
than  on  the  weftern  ftde  of  the  conti- 
nent in  the  Pacific  Ocean.   It  is  highly 
probable  that  the  fand  carried  down  by 
great  rivers  into  bays,  ami  the  current 
out  of  thefe  bays  meeting  with  the  Gulf 
Stream,  by  their  eddies,  have  formed 
Nantucket  Shoals,  Cape  Cod,  George's 
Bank,  the  Ifland  of  Sa'le,  &c. 

Skilful  navij^to'-^,  who  have  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  extent  to  which  this 
ftream  reaches  oh  the  New.England 
coaft,  have  learnt,  in  their  voyages  ficm 
Europe  to  New-England,  New- York 
or  Pennfylvania,  to  pafs  the  banks  oi 
Newfoundland  in  about  44.  or  45.  N. 
lot.  to  (kit  thence  in  a  courfe  between. 


U  AC 


ii! 


the  northern,  edge  of  the  OuTf  S|treR|n'i 
and  the  fhoals  and  banks  of  Sable  Iflai|(^ 
George*s  Bank  and  Nantucket,  by  whicn 
they  make  better  and  quicker  voyaged 
to  America. 

GvNPOWDEH,  a  river  of  the  weft^m 
ftioreof  Maryland,  whofe  chief  trraifcliM 
unite  a  little  abov^  Joppa,  aiid  fmjity 
into  Chefapeak  Bay,  about  11  miles. a^ 
hove  Patapfcu  river,  It  it  navigable 
only  a  few  miles,  by  reafon  of  falls. 

Gunpowder  neck,  near  tEe  head 
of  Chefapeak  Bay,  is  a  curioospeninru- 
la  formed  by  Gunpowder  rirerand  Bui& 
river. 

Gurnet,  The.    See  DiucjhtrtitgL 

GuYSBOROuuH,  or  MatuotJIirt  k 
townftiip  in  Nova-Scoti^,  on  Citedar 
bu£lo  Bay,  10  leagues  norths  weft  m 
Cape  Canfo,  and  40  leaguijs  caftwar4 
of  Halifax,  cohtained  150  families  10 
1783. 

H 

HA  Braoa,  formerly  called  ttrt 
Dauphin,  a  fort  in  tlie  ifland  of 
Cuba. 

Hacha,  Rio  de  la,  or  La  Hactdp 
a  province,  its  chief  town,  and  a  river» 
in  Terra  Firma  or  Cadile  del  dro,  in 
South-America.  The  province  is  Air- 
rounded  on  two  fldek  by  the  ocean,  vlx. 
on  the  N.  and  N.  W.  and  on  the  third 
eaftw4rd  by  the  gulf  of  Venezuela.  Tl^ 
town  is  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  the  ri- 
ver, and  on  its  weft  fide  on  a  little  hill 
about  a  mile  from  the  fca.  The  foil, 
about  it  is  very  rich,  and  ahouiuls  with 
produ£lions  common  to  the  climate,  alio 
European  plants  and  fi  uits }  well  fupi- 
plied  with  fait  fprings,  veins  of  gbk^ 
and  fome  gems  of  great  value.  The 
harbour  is  none  of  the  beft,  being  ex|K>iC- 
ed  to  the  north  winds.  It  is  about  8 
leagues  from  New  Salamanca,  and  rl 
from  Cape  Vela,  N.  by  E.  and  346,milei 
eaft  of  Carthagena.  Here  the  Spanifh 
galleons  touch  at  their  arrival  in  South- 
America,  from  whence  exprefl*es  are  fent 
to  all  the  fettlements  to  give  them  no- 
tice of  it.  In  ^595  it  was  furprifed  ^nil 
racked  by  Sir  Francis  Drake.  N.  la^'. 
XI.  30.  W.  long.  7». 

Hackbtstow:!,  a  (mall  poft-town 
in  SufTex  county,  NeW-Jerfey  on  W^ 
north-weft  fide  of  Mufconecunk  riyer. 
It  is  about  three  miles  above  the  min^- 

04  4 


at6 


HAG 


al  fprinffiuar  Roxbury,  on  the  oppofite 
fide  of  thff  river,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Morriftown,  16  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Suffex 
court-houfe,  and  lao  N.  N.  £.  of  Phi> 
ladelphia. 

Hackinsack,  a  river  of  New-Jerfey 
which  rifes  in  New- York,  and  inins  a 
Ibutherlv  courfe  four  or  five  miles  weft 
of  Hudfon's  river.  It  unites  with  Paf. 
laic  river  at  the  head  of  Newark  Bay, 
and  is  navigable  about  15  miles. 

Hackinsack,  the  chief  town  in  Ber- 
gen county,  New-Jerfey,  is  fituated  near 
the  weft  bank  of  the  above  river,  le  miles 
north-weft  of  New- York  city.  The  in- 
habitants are  moftly  Dutch.  Thehouf- 
es  are  chiefly  built  of  ftoiie,  in  the  old 
Dutch  tafte.  Here  are  four  public 
buikling8,a  Dutch  i^id  Epifcopal  church, 
a  court-houfe,  and  a  flounftiing  academy. 
The  people,  who  are  moftly  farmers, 
carry  their  produce  to  New- York. 

Haddam,  a  town  of  ConncAicut, 
the  fecond  in  rank  in  Middlefex  county, 
fituated  on  the  well  fide  of  Conneflicut 
river,  18  or  so  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  loijniles  fouth-eaft  of  the  city  of 
Middletown.  This  townfliip,  including 
l^aft-Haddam,  on  the  oppofite  fide  of 
the  river,  was  nurchafed  of  the  Indians, 
May  «oth,  i66».  A  Ipot  in  £aft-Had- 
dam  was  famous  for  Imlian  P^nuanvs, 
and  was  fubje£l  for  many  years  to  earth- 

Jnakes  arid  various  noifes,  which  the 
rft  fettlers,  agreeable  to  the  Aiperftiti. 
ous  ideas  of  that  aee,  attributed  to  thefe 
Pawaws,  An  old  Indian  being  aflied 
what  was  the  reafon  of  fuch  noifes  in 
this  place  ?— anfwered,  *'  The  Indian's 
God  was  very  angry  becaufe  the  Eng- 
liflimen*s  God  came  here.^>"  Thele 
noifes  are  now  frequently  heard. 

Haddonfiei^d,  a  fmall  town  in 
Gloucefter  county,  New-Terfty,  9  miles 
S.  E.  by  £.  of  Philadelphia,  and  17 
from  Burlington. 

Haplky,  a  pleafant  town  in  Hamp- 
fhire  county,  Maflachufetts,  lyingon  the 
caft  fide  of  Connecticut  river,  nearly 
oppofite  Northampton,  ao  miles  north 
or  Springfield,  and  97  weft  of  Bofton. 
The  town  confifts  of  two  long  fpacious 
ftreets,  which  twr  parallel  with,  each 
other,  and  with  ti..  river.  The  town- 
Aiiu  contains  881  inhabitants. 

HagarstOWN,  now  called  EUza- 
bdtb  Tovfm  \  which  fee.  It  has  a  con- 
fiderable  trade  with  the  weftem  country, 
fq4  i^  t^tween  two  and  300  houfcs. 


H  AI, 

It  is  fituated  in  Walhingtoa  county, 
Maryland}  is  a  poft>town,  16  m\\<% 
north-weft  of  Fredericktown,  73  N.  W. 
by  W.  of  Baltimcrc,  and  i»  S.  by  W, 
of  Chamberft>urgin  Pennlylvania.  , 

Halbut  Point,  the  nortb-eaft  point 
of  Cape  Anne,  in  Mafl'achuletts. 

Hales,  a  location  in  Grafton  county, 
New-Hampfliire,  having  9  inhabitants^ 

Half  Moon^  an  extenfive  townQiip 
in  Albany  county.  New- York.  It  con* 
tains  3,600  inhabitants;  of  thele,  ia8 
are  flaves,  and  563  are  qualified  electors. 
Waterfordt  a  neat,  compa^,  thriving 
village  of  about  70  or  So  hoyfes,  two 
miles  £.  N.  £•  of  the  Cohoez,  and  x% 
miles  north  of  Albany,  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  moft  northerly  branch  of  Mo- 
hawk river  and  on  the  weft  hank  of  th<r 
Hudlbnt  is  fituated  in  this  townfliip. 

Halifax,  a  county  in  the  eaftcm 
part  of  the  Britifli  province  of  Nova- 
Scotia.  It  contains  Halifax,  the  capi- 
tal: the  townfliips  of  Londonderry, 
Truro,  Onflow,  Colchefter,  Lawrence,  , 
Southampton,  Canfo,  and  Tinmoutiv 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Irifli,  Scotch 
and  New-Englanders.  It  has  numerou;» 
bays,  and  rivers  ;  the  chief  of  the  lattrr 
are  Shabbennacadie,  which  is  3  boatable 
river,  the  Petitcodiac,  Meniramcook, 
ice.    See  Nova-Scotia. 

Halifax,  the  capital  of  the  province 
of  Nova- Scotia,  in  the  county  of  its 
name,  was  fettled  by  a  number  of  Bri- 
tilh  ful)je£ls  in  1749.  It  is  fituated  00 
a  fpacious  and  commodious  bay  or  hac- 
bour,  called  Cliebu£lo,  of  a  bold  &nd  ea- 
fy  entrance,  where  a  th^ufaod  of  I  he 
largeft  fliips  might  ride  with  great  con- 
venience and  falety.  The  town  is  built 
on  the  weft  fide  or  the  harbour,  on  the 
declivity  of  a  commanding  h>ll,  whofe 
Aimmit  is  236  fieet  perpendicular  frpn» 
the  level  of  the  fea.  1  he  town  is  laid 
out  into  oblong  fquares ;  the  ftreets  pa^. 
rallel  and  at  right  angles.  The  town 
and  fuburbs  are  about  two  miles  in 
length ;  and  the  general  width  a  quarter 
of  a  mllje.  It  contained  in  17^3  about 
4000  inhabitants  and.700  houles.  A,t 
the  northern  extremity  of  the  town,  is 
the  king's  naval  yard,  completely  built 
and  fupplied  with  ftoies  ot  every  kind 
for  the  royal  navy.  The  Iwibour  of 
Halifax  is  reckoned  inferior  to  no  place 
in  Britifli  America  fiar  the  feat  ot  go- 
vemment,  being  open  mid  accefTible  at 
all  fealbns  of  the  year,  y^heu  almoft  all 

other 


/ 


HAL 

pther  harbours  in  thcf«  provinces  are 
locked  up  with  ic« }  alio  from  its  en- 
trance, fituation  and  its  proximity  to  the 
bay  of  Fundy,  and  principal  interior 
fettlements  of  the  province. 

This  city  lying  on  the  fonth  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia,  has  communication  with 
Pi£lou,  68  milt:9  to  the  north-eaft  on 
the  >gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  by  a  good 
<:art-road,  fiuidted  in  179a.  It  is  la 
miles  northerly  of  Cape  Sarabro,  which 
/brms  in  part  the  entrance  of  the  hay  j 
%^  fouth-ealierly  of  Windfur,  /^o  N.  by 
E.  of  Truro,  8qN.  E.  by  E.  of  Anna- 
polls  on  the  bay  of  Fundy,  and  1 57 
Ibuth-eaft  of  £t.  Ann,  in  New-Brunl- 
wick,  raeafuring  in  a  ftraight  line.  N. 
lat.  44.  4.0.  W.  long.  63.  15. 

Halifax,  a  fort  in  the  town  of 
Winflow,  in  Lincoln  county,  Maine, 
erefled  by  order  of  Governor  Shirley  in 
1754.  It  ftands  on  the  point  of  hind 
formed  by  the  confluence  v>i  the  Seballa- 
cook  with  the  Kennebeck,  30  miles  be- 
Iqw  Sandy  river. 

Halifax,  a  townfliip  in  Windham 
county,  Vermont,  23  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Bennington,  has  Marlborough  on  the 
north,  and  the  MalTachufetts  line  fouth. 
It  contains  1309  inhabitants. 

Halifax,  a  townHiip  in  Plymouth 
county,  Mallkchuiirtts,  ntuated  35  miles 
ibuth-eaft  of  Bolton.     It  was  incorpo 
rated  in  1734,  and  contains  664  inhabit 
ants. 

Halifax,  a  village  or  fettlement  on 
the  eafl  fide  of  Sui'quehannah  river  in 
Dauphin  county,  Pennfylvania,  1 3  miles 
north  of  Harri()burg. 

Halifax,  one  of  the  middle  diftrifls 
of  North-Carolina,  bounded  north  by 
the  State  of  Virginia,  eaft  by  Edenton 
difiri6l,  well  by  HilKborough,  and  fouth 
by  Newbern.  It  i s  divided  into  7  coun  - 
ties,  viz.  Northampton,  Halifax,  Mar- 
tin, Edgcomb,  Warren,  Franklin,  and 
Na(h,  which  contain  64,6  jr  inhabitants, 
including  i  i,CfO%  flaves.  Bcfides  fmall- 
er  dreams,  the  Roanoke  puflcs  through 
this  dillrifl  in  a  Ibuth-eail  courl'e,  and 
the  Painplico  has  its  fource  in  it.  Chief 
town,  Halifax. 

Halifax,  a  county  of  the  above  di- 
ftri£t,  bounded  north  by  Northampton, 
fouth  by  Edgcomb,  eatt  by  Bertie,  and, 
wert  by  Warren.  It  contains  7459  in- 
habitants, and  $506  ilaves.  Chief  town, 
Halifax. 

Halifax*   the  chief  town  of ^  the 


HAM 


ai7 


above  county,  and  of  the  diflriAof  it« 
name  in  Noith- Carolina,  is  ap»ft-towii, 
plea&ntly  iituatcd  on  the  wcftem  bank 
of  the  Roanoke,  about  fix  miles  below 
the  ivlls,  regularly  laid  cut,  and  befides 
dwelling  houles,  has  a  cjurt-houfe  and 
gaol.  It  is  36  miles  north  of  Taibo> 
rough,  a8  miles  from  Oienville  couit- 
lionle,  147  north -eaft  of  Fayetteville,  7) 
S.  by  V/^.  of  Pcrerfburg,  Virginia,  and 
383  S.  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  36.  13. 

Halifax,  acounty  in  Virginia,  bor< 
dering  on  the  State  of  North-Carolina. 
It  is  about  4x  miles  long,  and  39  brood, 
and  contains  14,7x1  mhabitants,  in- 
cluding 5565  (laves. 

Hallam,  a  townfliip  in  York  county, 
Pennfylvania. 

H  A  L  L  o  w  £  L  L ,  a  flourlfliing  poft-town 
in  the  Di(lri£l  of  Maine,  ami  the  (hire 
town  of  Lincoln  county,  (ituated  in  N. 
lat.  44. 16.  at  the  head  of  the  tide  wateri 
on  the  weft  fide  of  Kennebeck  river.  An 
academy  is  eftablifhed  here  with  a  con- 
fiderable  fund  in  lands.  The  court 4iou(b 
here  is  12  miles  S.  by  W.  ofVaiTal- 
borough,  30  N.  by  W.  of  WifcalTti, 
40  north -ealt  of  New-Glouceifer,  and 
195  N.  by  E.  of  Bodon.  Haihwell 
Hook  lies  on  the  lame  (ide  of  the  river# 
three  miles  below  the  town,  and  (ive 
north  of  Pittfton.  The  whole  townfliip 
contains  1 194  inhabitants. 

Hambato,  a  principal  aflitrnto,  or 
jurii(ii6tii;in  in  the  proviAce  of  Qu^ito,  in 
Peru.  It  is  lituated  in  1.41.  S.  lat.  and 
12  miles  weft  of  the  city  ol' Quito):  and 
has  6  iinall  villages  in  its  dependence.  It 
contains  about  18,000  inhaotiants,  who 
are  moftly  employed  in  weaving  flu(Fs, 
and  in  knitting. 

Hambdin,  or  Hamden,  a  townfliip 
in  New- York  State,  bounded  north  by 
land  ceded  to  Mafi'achufetts,  fouth  by 
the  north  line  of  Pennfylvania,  and  ealt 
by  Sidney.  SuCquehannah  river  paflea 
in  a  wett  courie  through  both  towns. 
The  centre  of  the  town  lies  1 3.  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  the  mouth  of  Chenengo 
river. 

Hamburg,  a  fmall  poft-town  of 
New-Jer(ey,  18  miles  from  Gofljen  in 
New- York,  and  10  from  Newtown  or 
Suflex  couitrhoufe. 

Hamburg,  a  handfome  town  in 
Burke's  county,  Pe;>nfylvania,  feated  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Schuylkill.  Here  ftre 
^bQUt  ^0  oc  60  houles,  a  German  Lu- 

theiau 


•ll 


HAM 


thcnm  UmI  Calvinift  church,  united.  It 
it  it  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Reading,  and 
70  nonh-north-weft  of  Philadelphia. 
Korth  lat.  40.  34.  W.  long.  76. 

Hamdbn,  atuwnfhip  in  Ntw  Haven 
county*  ConneAicut,  about  eight  mika 
north  of  New>Haven  city. 

Hamdbn,  a  townfltip  oi  the  Di(b-iA 
of.  Maine,  in  Hancock  county,  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Penohlcot  river )  oppofite 
Orrington  |  having  about  50  famihea  in 
1796. 

Hamiltaw,  a  cape  on  the  north  end 
of  Newfoundland  Kland. 

Hamilton.  There  are  three  town- 
<hipa  of  thia  name  in  Pcnnfylvania ;  one 
in  each  of  the  countiea  of  Vork,  Frank- 
lin, and  Northampton. 

Hamilton,  a  fettlement  in  Vermont 
«n  the,  Canada  line. 

Hamilton,  in  Herkemer  county, 
New- York,  atown(hip  tx  mife*  i'quare, 
•o  fouth  of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  a  level 
townfbip  of  good  land,  faft  fettling.- - 
Orifice  or  Ofhifke  creek,  a  water  of 
Mohawk,  and  Cheti/iung,  a  water  of  Suf- 
qoehamuh,  rife  in  this  town  (hip.  In 
1796  there  were  iioa  inhabitants,  of 
whom  196  were  eleAors. 

Hamilton,  a  town  or  fettlement 
lately  laid  out  in  Albany  county,  New- 
York,  intheextenftve  townfhip  of  Water 
Vliet,  formerly  called  tht  Glafi  FaSory, 
and  has  its  prefent  name  in  honour  of 
that  great  patron  of  American  manufac- 
tm'es,  the  late  fecretary  of  the  treafury 
of  the  United  States  of  America.  It 
ties  10  miles  weft  of  Albany,  two  miles 
iwm  the  ScheneiSlady  road ;  and  is  one 
of  the  moft  decifivc  efforts  of  private 
cnterprife  in  the  nianufaAoring  Ime,  as 
yet  exhibited  in  the  United  States.  The 
gbfs  manufaAory  is  now  fo  well  eftab- 
Tilhed,  and  (b  happily  fituated  for  the 
fupply  oi  the  northern  and  wtftem 
parta  of  the  States  of  New- York,  as  well 
as  Vermont  and  Canada,  that  it  is  to  be 
expeCled  the  propritrtors  v^ill  be  amply 
rewarded  foi'  their  great  and  expenhve 
exertions.  The  glafs  is  in  good  repu- 
tation. Here  arc  two  glal's-hotifes,  and 
various  other  buildings,  curious  hydrau- 
lic works  to  lave  manual  labour,  by  the 
help  of  machinery.  A  copious  ftream 
runs  through  the  heart  of  the  fettlement 
which  lies  high  )  and  ^«eing  i'urrounded 
hy  pine  plains,  theair  is  highly  falubii- 
eus.  The  great  Schoharie  road  ira- 
V^fiiS   Uw   fettlcmeiit.      A  fpacieua 


H  A  Hi 

fchoel-houft,  and  a  church  of  an  vBk- 
gou  form  are  foon  to  be  ere£led. 

The  entcrpriling  proprietors  of  thi 
Glafi  and  other  works  m  this  thriving 
fettlement,  were  incorporated  hy.  the 
Legiflatur;  of  New-York  in  the  fpring 
of  1 707  {  by  the  name  of  "  TBg  Humif- 
tom  MenufaSdring  SffcUy,  which  »6i, 
has  given  a  fpring  to  the  works  her*} 
and  authorifes  a  hu|>c  that  Ameicai 
manufaAurcs  may  not  only  i'ubl«rvfc 
the  interefts  Of  our  country  but  that 
alio  ot  the  proprietors. 

In  the  neighb(.uihoud  of  thefe  glafa 
works,  a  bl<  ck  lA^as  cut  out  of  an  an- 
cient tree,  not  many  years  ago,  contain- 
ing  evident  marks  of  an  axe  or  ibme 
edge  tool,  made  185  years  ago,  deter- 
mined according  to  the  uiual  and  cer- 
tain mode  of  aic>.rtaining  the  age  of  trees. 
The  block  is  preferved  in  Albany  as  4 
curiofity.  Henry  Hudfon  aiccndcd  the 
river  which  bears  his  name,  as  high  at 
Albany,  in  the  autumn  ot  1609,  itf 
years  ago,  and  thci'e  marks  were  proba-  ^ 
bly  made  by  fome  of  his  men.  i 

Hamilton,  on  Chalcur  Bayj  iei 
Bemevetiture. 

Hamilton  Ford  lies  near  the 
mouth  of  Bullock's  Creek  in  North- 
Carolina.  This  was  the  route  puriued 
by  Tarltton,  after  his  defeat  at  Cow- 
pens,  in  January,  1781. 

Hamilton,  adiflvi6l  in  the  State  of 
Tennefl'ee,  fituated  on  the  waters  of  tht 
Holfton  and  Clinch ;  bounded  Ibuth  by 
Tenneflee  river,  and  (eparated  from  Me- 
ro  diftriA  on  the  weft  by  an  uninhabited 
country.  It  contains  the  counties  of 
Knox,  jeffcribn,  filount,  Sevier,  and 
Grainger. 

Hamilton,  a  county  of  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  ere^ed  Jan.  a,  1790.  *•  be- 
ginning on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  river 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Little  Miami  { 
and  down  the  laid  Ohio  rivtr,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Big  Miami,  and  up  faid 
Miami  to  the  ftanding  Stone,  Forks,  or 
branch  of  faid  river }  and  thence  .with  d 
line  to  be  drawn  due  E.  to  the  Little 
Miami,  :md  down  laid  Little  Miami  ri- 
ver to  the  place  of  beginning." 

Hamilton,  Fort,  ftands  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  the  Great  Miami,  in  the  N. 
W.  Territory}  15  miles  Ibuth  of  Fort 
St  Clair,  and  1 5  north  of  Cincinnati* 
It  is  a  ftockaded  fort,  capable  nf  con- 
taining 100  men.  The  htuation  is  as 
advantag^us  for  define^  as  pleafmg  to 

the 


wi 
it  I 
go 


HAM 


Sek 


the  eye.  It  it  built  upon  a  mrrawneek 
of  land,  commanding  the  Miami  on  tht 
north-weft(  and  a  prairie  and  flieet  o{ 
w.iter  on  the  north- eaft,  about  a  mile 
wide,  and  i4  miles  long.  The  foil  near 
it  i*  rich  and  fertile ;  and  forage  may  be 
got  hy  repeated  mowinfjs  of  natural  graft. 

Hamilton,  a  port  in  the  Bermuda 
Iflandi. 

Hammbl's  Town,  a  town  in  Dau- 
phine  county,  Penniylvania,  five  milet 
n-om  Sufquehannah  river,  and  85  from 
Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  German 
church,  and  about  3  5  dwelling  houles. 

HAMrorN  Sydney  CoLLEOB.  See 
Pritue  Edward  County,  Firginia. 

Hampshire,  an  exteniive,  populous 
and  wealthy  county  in  MalTachufetts, 
made  a  (hire  in  i66t.  It  is  in  many 
parts  mountainous  and  hilly,  and  ex- 
tends acrofs  the  ftate  from  ^  north  to 
foiith  ;  bounded  north  by  the  States  of 
New>Hamp(hire  and  Vermont,  fouth  by 
the  State  of  Connefticuf,  eaft  by  Wor- 
cefter  county,  and  weft  by  Berkfhire. 
It  contains  60  townOiips,  9181  houfes, 

!6f  7  families,  and  S9,'S8i  inhabitants, 
ts  principal  towns  lie  on  both  fides  of 
Connecticut  river,  which  interfeCls  it 
from  north  to  fouth.  Thefe  are  Spring- 
field, Weft-Springfield,  Northampton, 
Hadley,  Hatfield,  Deerfield,  and  North- 
field.  It  it  eenerallyof  a  fertile  ibil,  and 
producet  the  neceflariet  of  life,  and 
fome  of  itt  luxuriet  in  great  plenty. 

Hampshire,  a  county  in  Virginia, 
bounded  N.  and  N.  W.  by  the  Patcw- 
ttiack  river,  which  dividea  it  from  the 
State  of  Maryland.  It  is  about  60  miles 
long  and  50  broad,  and  containt  7346 
inhabitants,  including  4 54  flaves.  It  is 
well  watered  by  Patowmack  and  its 
fouth  branch.  Iron  ore  and  coals  have 
been  difcovered  on  the  banks  of  lliis 
river.     Chief  town,  Romncy. 

Hampstead,  atown  inRockingham 
county,  New-Hamp(hire,  about  3omiUs 
wefterly  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incor- 
poratea  in  174-9,  ai>d  contained  in  1775, 
768  iidiabitants }  in  1790,  714. 
Hampstbao,  atownonJLong  Ifland, 
"  New- York,  nine  milts  eafterly  of  Ja- 
maica, and  a  3  miles  eaftwaiti  of  New- 
York  city.  In  this  town  is  an  ex- 
tenfive  and  remarkable  plain,  called 
Hamffitad  Plan,     See  Long  IJtand. 

Hampstead,  a  village  in  Georgia, 

about  four  miles  from  Savannah,  and 

,  about  a  mile  from  another  village  called 


HAM  flf 

Hlghgate.  The  inhabitant!  are  garlflil- 


ers,  and  fupply  the  town  with 
pot  herbs,  roots,  fire. 

Hampton,  a  town(hip  in  Wfaidhaift 
county,  Conneifticut,  three  miles  nbfth- 
enft  of  Windham,  of  which  itwas  fiMrm* 
eriy  a  parifli,  but  lately  incorporated. 

Hampton,  East,  a  townfliip  i« 
Hampfhire  county,  Maflfachufetts,  con-* 
•aining  457  inhabitants,  and  fituated  105 
miles  weii  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorp»> 
rated  in  1785. 

Hampton,  H^ast,  on  the  eaft  cni  . 
of  Long-Iftand,  (New- York)  a  half  (hire 
town  of  Suffolk  county.     It  has  3*69 
inhabitants  }  and  in  it  is  Clinton  Aca- 
demy, wliich  in  1795  had  9*  ihidents. 

Hampton,  a  townfhip  on  the  fea- 
coaft  of  New  Hampfhire,  pn  the  eaftem 
fide  q\'  Rnckingham  county,  and  called 
iVinicumtt  by  the  Indians.     It  was  fet- 
tled under  MalTachufetts,  and  incorpo- 
rated  in  1638.  In  1775  >*  contained  86s 
inhabitants,  and  in  1790,  85 3.   It  is  is 
or  14  miles  S.  byW.  of  Portfmouth, 
and  eight  ^S.  R.  of  £xeter.    In  1791, 
a  canal  was  cut  through  the  marfhes  in 
this  town,  which  opens  an  inland  navi- 
gation from  Hampton  through  Salifbury 
into  Merrimack  river,  for  about  eight 
miles ;  loaded  boats  may  pafs  through 
it  wirh  ea(e  and  i'a&fy. 

Hampton  Falls,  a  (ball  town 
taken  from  the  above  town,  lying  on  the 
road  which'leads  from  Exeter  to  New- 
bury-Port,  fix  miles  fouth-eafterlyof  the 
former,  and  eight  northerly  of  the  latter* 
In  1775  >'  contained  645,  and  in  1790, 
541  inhabitants.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1712. 

Hampton,  a  townlhip  in  the  north- 
em  part  of  Wafhington  county,  New- 
York,    having    Skeenfboi'ough  on  the 
weft.    It  has  463  inhabitants,  of  whom 
^  107  are  ele6lors. 

Hampton,  the  capital  of  Elizabeth 
county,  in  Virginia,  aifba  poit  of  entry 
and  poft-town,  fituated  at  the  head  of  a 
bay  which  runs  up  north  from  the  mouth 
of  James  river,  called  Hampton  Road,  5 
miles  norf  h-weft  of  Point  Comfort.  It 
contains  about  30  houles,  an  epifcopal 
church,  a  coiin-houfe  and  gaol.  The 
value  of  its  exports  of  grain,  lumber, 
ftaves,  frc.  amounted  to  4it997  dollars 
in  one  year,  ending  September  30,  1794. 
This  town  was  anciently  called  Kecougb- 
ton  by  the  Indians.  It  is  18  miles  N. 
of  Norfolk,  »a  S.  E.  of  York- Town, 

93 


■  ,1  ■  ^  -     I  I  .  :".':*'!'1^2m 


ISO 


HAN 


c]  E.  S.  E.  of  Richmoiul,  and  X05  W. 
^y  S.  of  PhUaatlpliia. 

Hancock's  Harbour,  called  by 
the  Indians  Clioquot,  is  fituatcd  about 
«o  leagues  E,  S.  E.  of  Nootka,  in  N. 
hu  4>8t   io.  weti  long,  from  Green- 
wich  1  a  5>   a6.     The  entrance  of  this 
harbour  is  about  5  miles  in  length,  and 
has  eooci  anchorage }  about  it  are  feat- 
t«red  a  nmnbcr  of  iflands,  and  Itveral 
fand -banks  or  fpits.  It  has  alio  a  num- 
ber of  fine  coves.     The  land  round  the 
hairbour  is  generally  uneven,  rocky  and 
mountainous  {   covered    however  with 
pine,  fir,  r|>rnce,  cedar,  hemlock,  cy^trefs 
and   other  trees  of  a  remarkable  fize. 
The  climate  here  is  much  milder  than 
in  the  fam^  latitude  on  the  eadern  fide 
of  the  contiiitnt},  the  froft  in  winter 
being  feldoni  fo  levere  as   to  prevent 
vegetation.    An  eafterly  wind  is  con* 
£dercd  here  as  a  prognoftic  of  a  fiorm, 
and  weft    winds    brine  fair,  weather. 
Deer,  racoons,  wolves,  bears,  fquirrels, 
martins,  land  otters,beaver  and  wild-cats 
are  the  animals  which  inhabit  die  forelis. 
The  amuhibibus  animals  are  the  com- 
moa  feal,  and  the  fea- otter.     The  ficin 
of  the  latter  is  very  valuable.     The  in- 
habitants are  faid  to  be  cannibals.  This 
and  other  plac;:s  of  the  fame  name  have 
their  apptliation  in  honour  of  the  late 
Governor  Hancock,  of  Maflaciniictts. 

Hancock,  a  river  of  Wafliington 
ifland,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  North- 
America,  called  Majheet  by  the  Indians, 
difcovered  by  Captain  Croweil  in  1791. 
It  empties  into  the  i'ea  from  the  north 
end  of  the  Inrgeft  ifland.  At  its  mouth 
it  is  nearly  two  and  an  half  nautical 
miles  wide;  and  a  confiderable  fize  10 
miles  up.  It  has  at  its  mouth  five  fa- 
thoms water,  gradually  increafing  in 
breadth  j  and  for  7I  miles  up,  to  Goolc 
Ifland,  has  not  lefs  than  ten  fathoms. 
Captain  Ingniiiani  examined  it  about 
12  miles  i  hut  by  the  information  of  the 
intives,  he  judged  thnt  it  communicates 
with  SkitikiAi  Bay,  or  near  it,  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  the  ifiands.  It  is  by  far  the 
niol^  eligible  for  a  new  fettlement,  of 
any  place  the  Captain  had  feen  on  the 
coatt.  The  land  is  low  and  apparently 
very  fertile ;  and  the  river  abounds  with 
falmon.  Were  a  gootl  howfe  creeled  on 
fome  of  the  pkafant  Ipots  it  would  have 
every  appearance  of  being  long  fettled. 
Beautiiul  bufhes  and  grafs  occupy  the 
&iri$  of  the  woods..    The  mouth  of  the 


HAN 

river   is    in   north  lat.   54.    7.    weft 
long,  131.  5*. 

Hancock,  a  townfliip  m  Addifoa 
county,  Vermont. 

Hancocic,  a  large  nuiitime  cpiiDty 
of  the  Dilh'ifi  of  Maine,  bpunded  N. 
by  Lower  Canada,  S.  by  the  ocean, 
E.  by  Wafliington  county,  and  W. 
by  Lincoln  coun'y.  It  is  190  miles  long 
from  north  to  fbuth,  and  nearly  60 
broad.  It  contains  s4  towiffliips  and 
plantations ;.  of  which  Penobl'cot  and 
CalUne  are  (he  chief.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  is  greatly  increafed  fince 
179Q.  At  that  time  there  were  954.9 
foulii.  It  is  remarkably  well  watered 
by  Pcnohfcot  river  ai\u  its  l)ranches. 
Union  river,  and  other  fmall  ftrsams. 
The  northern  part  of  the  county  fends 
its  waters  in  one  fiream  from  numerous 
branches,  in  a  N.  E.  courfe  to  St.  John's 
river.  On  the  fea-coall  are  many  har- 
bouis  and  in'ets,  hid  by  a  multitude  of 
fertile  ifiands;  the  largcft  of  tbefe  in 
a  S.  W;  direfiion  from  Gold(boro\i£h, 
are  Mount  Defart,  Swanl'fies,  Vinal  Ha- 
ven, Haut  ITe,  Deer,  and  Ifieiborough  j 
all  fituated  in  Penobi'cot  Bay.  Great 
part  of  the  country  is  yet  uul'ettled.  The 
towns  »long  the  fea-coaft,  and  on  the 
banks  of  Pcnobfcot  and  Union  rivers, 
are  the  moii:  fertile  and  populous.  Cai- 
tine  is  the  fiiirc  town.  Sec  Maine  and 
Pemhfiet. 

Hancock,  a  townfiiip  in  Lincoln 
county,  Maine,  embofomed  by  the  ]Cen- 
nebeck  and  Seballicook  rivers,  boupdeit 
N.  W.  by  Canaan,  and  7  miles  nprth  o(' 
the  confluence  of  the  two  rivers.  It  con- 
tains 178  inhabitants. 

Hancock,  a  townfhip  in  Hillfborough 
county,  Nevv-liampdiire,  fituated  be- 
tween two  wcfiern  branches  of  Contoo- 
cook  river,  i>\.  miles  ealt  of  Kecne,  and 
between  60  and  70  W.  by  S.  of  Portf- 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1779, 
and  contains  634  inhabitants. 

Hancock,  a  long,  narrow  and  moun- 
tainous townftiip  on  the  New- York^ line, 
in  Beikdiire  county,  Mafiacnufetts, 
having  the  towns  of  Lanefborough  and 
Paitridgefield  on  the  northward,  and 
Pittsfield  on  the  S.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1776,  has  isii  inhabitants, 
and  lies  20  miles  N.  by  W.  o^'  I^enox, 
and  150  W.  of  fioflon. 

Hancock,  a  fmall  pufl-towu of  Ma- 
ryland, fituatcil  in  Wafliington  county, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  Fatuwiuack  river,^ 

between 


ft  AM 

fjetween  Condowy  and  Little  Conolowy 
creekt,  about  15  milrs  6.  E.  of  Bedford 
in  Pennfylvania,  34.  N.E.  of  Old  Tov/n 
In  Maryland,  and  119  N.W.  of  Balti- 
more. 

Hancock,  a  new  coimty  in  the  up- 
per diliri6l  of  Georgia. 

Ha  N  N  AH  Bay  ffo«/>»  a  faA6ry  of  the 
Hudfon't  Bay  Company,  at  the  ibuth 
end  of  James*  Bay  in  North- America, 
arid  on  the  eaftem  fide  of  Harricnnaw 
river,  45  itiiie*  E.  by  S.  of  Moofe  Fort, 
and  1 8  below  a  houle  on  the  fame  river. 
HANNAH*i-TowN,in  WcftmorelaiHl 
county,  Pennfylvania,  4  miles  N.  N.E. 
of  Green(b\irg,  and^  on  the  road  from 
Bedford  to  Pittfburgh;  54  miles  N.W. 
by  W.  of  the  former,  attd  16  eaft  of  the 
latter. 

Hannibal,  a  military  townfliip  in 
the  Stare  of  New- York,  on  Lake  Onta- 
rio, 10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Ofwego. 
Hanover,  a  bay  in  the  feaof  Hondu- 
ras, fitnated  on  the  E.  fide  of  the  |)enln- 
I'ula  of  Yucatan,  from  whieli  it  receives 
the  waters  of  the  Rio  Honde.  The 
traft  of  land  between  the  river  Honde 
and  the  Balizs  was  ceded  by  tlie  Spa- 
nifli  king  to  the  king  of  G.eat-Britain, 
at  the  peace  of. 175^3,  tor  the  purpofe 
.of  cutting  and  carrying  away  logwood. 
See  Bahia  de  Chetumat. 

Hanover,  a  town/hip  in  Luzerne 
county,  Pennfylvania.  Alfb  a  townfliip 
in  Wafliington  county.  Eaft  and  Weit 
Hanover,  are  z  townftiips  in  Dauphine 
county  in  the  fame  State. 

Hanover,  or  M^AlliJttr^S'Ttwn,  a 
poft>town  in  York  county,  Ptnrtfylva- 
nia,  Htuated  between  Cadorus  creek, 
and  a  branch  of  Little  Conewago,  ;!;!ch 
fibws  into  the  Sufquehannah.  It  con- 
tains nearly  30o.dwelling  houfes,  and  a 
German  and  Lutheran  church.  It  is  7 
miles  north  of  the  Maryland  line,  18 
miles  S.  W.  of  York,  and  106  W.  by 
S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Hanover,  a  townfhip  in  Plymouth 
county,  Maflachufctts,  15  miles  S.  E. 
from  Bofton;  was  incorporated  in  17x7, 
.and  contains  1083  inhabitants. 

Hanover,  a  po(t.town  of  New- 
HampQiirc,  Tituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Connefticat  river  in  Grafton  county. 
Dartmouth  College^  in  this  town,  is 
fituated  on  a  beautiful  plain,  about 
half  a  mile,  from  the  river,  in  43.  43. 
N.  lat.  and  in  7a.  14.  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich.    It  derives  its  titme  from 


11  A  JJ 


Hi 


William,  Earl  of  Dartmonth,  oik  of  its 
jirincipal  benefa6lors,  and  was  rounded 
in  the  year  1 769  by  the  late  Dr.  Eieater 
Wheelock.    The  funds  of  the  collc^^s 
confift  chiefly  of  lands,  amounting  to 
about  80,000  acres,  which  ire  increaling 
in  value  in  pr  portion  to  the  gtttwth  of 
the  counti'v}  i  ,it)o  tctn  lie  eontiguoat 
to  the  college  I -and  arenpahle  of  the 
hell  imj^roremenif ;  ia,Ooo  lie  in  Vei'-> 
mont.    A  tra£l  of  8  miles  fquare  was 
granted  by  the  aflembly  of  New  Ham(>* 
mire  in  1789.    The  rc/enue  of  th^  col- 
lege, arifing  from  the  landfs)  in  i793» 
amounted  annually  to  £.  140.    By  con- 
tra6ls  then  made,  they  would  amount,  itt 
four  years  after,  to  ^•450)  and  in  is 
years  to  £.^$0'    '^^^  income  from  tui. 
tion  is  about  ^.600  per  annum,     llie 
number  of  under-graduates  ii,  on  an 
average,  from  f  50  to  1 8e^  A  grammar 
fchool  of  about  50  or  60  fcholan  is  an- 
nexed  to  the   college.    The  ftudents 
are  imder  the   immediate  government 
and  inftru6lion  of  a  prefident,  who  is 
alfoproicflbr  of  hiftory,  a  profeflbr  of 
mathematics  and  natural  phtlofbphy,  « 
profeiTor  of  languages,  and  two  tutors. 
The  college  is  tumiflied  with  ahandfome 
library  and  a  philofophicaT  apparatus  to- 
lerably complete.    A  new  college  edifice 
of  wood,  150  by  JO  feet,  and  three  (Kwitt 
high,  was  erefted  in  1786,  containing  36 
rooms  ibr  ftudents.     Its  iituation  is  ele- 
vated, healthful  and  pleafant,  command- 
ing an  extenfive  proljwft  to  the  weft. 
There  are  three  other  public    build* 
inos,  belonging  to  the  college,   and  a 
handfome  congregational  meeting  houfe  - 
has  lately  been   erefted,  in  which  the 
commcncemertt  cxercifes  are  exhibited. 
It  is  31  miles  N.  of  Charleftown,  115 
N.  W.  by  W.  of  Poitfmouth,  13S  N. 
W.  of  Bofton,  and  378  N.E.  by  N.  vf 
Philadelphia. 

Hanover,  a  townft..p  in  Morris 
county,  New-Jerfty.  In  a  ridge  of  hills 
in  this  townfhip  are  a  number  of  wells^ 
+0  miles  fVora  the  fea  in  a  ftraight  line, 
which  regularly  ebb  and  flow  about  6 
feet  twice  in  every  14  hours .  It  is  about 
16  m\lis  N.W.  of  Elizabeth-Town,  and 
joins  upon  Morriftown. 

Hanover,  a  cotmty  of  Virginia,  ly- 
ing between  Phmunky  and  Chlckahomi- 
ny  river  Its  length  is  about  48  miles, 
and  its  jreadth  ix  ;  and  contains  14^,54 
inhabitants,  indudrng 8,123  fliiies^-'Ic 
abounds  with  lime-ftone»        •  ---■•- 

Hanover, 


1 


H  AR 

HAVOVIty  a  tmai\  town  of  Virg^in!*, 
«f  th*  above  cuimty,  fituarcd  on  the  W. 
fide  of  thi  Faoiunkyi  in  which  U  an 
■cadamy*  It  ia  tk  mika  from  New- 
OiiUa,  aa  M.  E.  by  E.  of  Richmond, 
tad  tae  ILN.W.  of  WaOiington  cit). 

HAJTaf  a  ooimty  of  Nova-Motia,  b«- 
gimiog  about  )e  milca  tirom  Halifax, 
containa  the  townfttip  of  Wintllbr,  Pal- 
month,  and  Newport  i  fcvcral  vuluabU 
trafia  remain  unfettM.  The  road  ti-om 
Balifn  nina  pact  of  the  way  between 
Windier  and  NcMrport,  and  hat  I'ettlc 
mcnta  on  it  at  finall  lUftanccs.  The 
county  i*  about  to  miles  t'quare,  and  ia 
well  watered.  The  rivers  St.  Croix, 
Kenctcoot,  and  Coemigucn  empty  into 
the  Aveo«  and  are  all  navigable  except 
the  laft.  The Caeaguet  and  Cobeguit  are 
navigabl(i4o  milea  for  vefleU  of  60  tons. 

H  At  Alt,  4  fmall  iflands  among  the 
Friendly  lOea,  in  the  South  Tea. 

llAB.DlNt  a  new  county  in  the  State 
of  ICentocky,  bounded  N.£.  hy  Wafti- 
ington  and  lincoln,  N.  W.  and  W.  by 
Nelfon  and  Greene,  and  S.  £.  by  Logan 
oountira. 

Hardwick,  a  townfli'p  in  Caledonia 
county,  in  Vermont. 

Hardwick,  atownAiipin  Worcefter 
county,  Maflashufetts,  15  miles  N.  W. 
cf  Worcefter,  and  70  S.  W.  of  B<A\oa. 
It  ia  fcparated  from  New-Braintree 
and  Ware  by  Ware  river.  There  are 
within  thia  taftm  145  hoolet,  1715  in- 
habitanta,  5  com  and  4  law  milU,  and 
two  clothiera*  wwka. 

Hardwick,  a  townfliip  in  Suflex 
count}',  Ncwojerfey,  nearly  xoi  miles 
8.W.  of  Newton. 

Hardwick,  a  fmall  town  of  Geor- 
gia, at  the  mouth  of  Ogecchee  river,  and 
abuvtl  f,8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Savannah. 
It  haa  lately  been  made  a  port  of  entry. 

HARDV,acounty  of  Virginia,  hound. 
ed  north  by  Hampfture.  It  is  about  60 
miles  lougk  and  40  in  breadth,  and  con- 
tains 7336  inhabitants,  including  369 
flaves.    Chief  town,  Mooriifid. 

HAlbDYSTON,  a  townfhip  in  Suflex 
county,  NeWrJetley,  containing  1393 
inhabitants,  including  a 6  (laves. 

HaRB  Say»  a  large  bay  ou  the  eall 
coift^  Newfbanr'.dndv 

Harb  btdtOHs  inhaWit  near  M'Ken- 
gle^a  river  iu  the  N.W.  part  of  North- 
America. 

Harpord  CTenff,  in  Maryland,  is 
Wunded  N.  by  Yotk  connty  in  PeW' 


H  A  R 

(ylvinia )  E.  by  Su  quebannnh  rifer  andl 
Chefapeak  Bay.  The  chief  watcra 
within  the  county  iie  BmAi  river  andl 
Dcerceeek)  on  which  art-  lA  mills  of 
different  kinds.  On  the  former  and  its 
hranchM  are  tiM  towns  of  Harford,  Ab- 
ington,Coo|)rtown,  and  Belle- Air.  The 
other  towns  are  Havre  de  Gras  at  the 
mouth  of  SuCquehannah,  and  Joppa  be- 
low the  forks  of  Oimnowder. 

It  coittains  I4,97<(  inhabitants,  inclu< 
(I'tg  3<^>  7  flaves.  Chief  town,  Bella* 
Air. 

Harpord,  or  Bu^tawitf'yn  Harford 
county,  Maryland,  lies  tt  the  bead  ul 
the  tide  waters  of  Bufli  river,  betweei^ 
Binam's  aiKl  James's  runs  {  the  former 
feparating  it  from  Abington.  It  haa 
few  houfes,  and  is  falling  to  decay  fmco 
the  coorta  of  jul^iee  have  been  removed 
to  Belle-Air.  It  is  nine  miles  S.  E.  of 
Belle- Air,  and  as  N.E.  by  E.  of  Bald- 
more. 

Harlim,  atowndtip  in  Lincoln  coun- 
ty, Maine,  incorporated  in  1 796.  It  waa 
formerly  called  Jameses  PlatitatioH. 

Haribm,  or  £4;^  Unvr,  a  river  which 
connr£ts  Long-Illand  Sound  with  Norths 
or  Hudlbn  River,  and  forma  Yoi'k- 
Ifland. 

Harlem,  a  divifion  of  New-Yoric 
county  iu  the  northern  part  of  York> 
Illand,  which  contains  (03  inhabitants, 
including  189  Haves.  The  village  of 
its  name  Ihmds  9  miles  northerly  of 
New- York  city,  and  4  S.W.  of  Weft. 
Chefter.  It  is  oppofite  to  the  weft  end 
of  Hell  Gate. 

Harman's  Station,  in  Kentucky,  ia 
a  ^t  on  the  eatt  fide  of  the  weft  branch 
of  Big  Sandy  river.  On  the  oppofite 
fide  of  this  branch  ia  tlie  Great  Salt 
Spring.  Harroan's  Station  is  about  ao 
miles  S.  of  Vancouver's  fort. 

Harmar,  a  well  conftruAed  fort  in 
fhe  N.W.  Territory,  fituated  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Muflcingum.  It  has  5  baf- 
tions,  and  3  cannon  mounted,  and  is 
garrifoned  by  4  companies.  It  is  con- 
veniently  fituated  to  reinforce  any  of 
the  pods  up  or  down  the  river  Ohio* 
The  place  is  remarkably  healthy. 

Harmony,  a  village  m  Luzerne  coun- 
ty, Penniylvania,  dofe  on  the  line  of 
New- York,  on  the  north  fide  of  Sta- 
rucca creek,  a  water  of  the  K.  branch  of 
Sufquehannah  river.  Between  this  and 
Stockport  on  Delaware  river,  diftant  18 
milea  £•$*£•  that  it  a  portage.    It  is 

about 


\ 


HAR 

•)K>ut  140  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Piiili4«lr 
phU,  and  130  N.W  of N«w-York.  N. 
ut.  41.  s*> 

Harpath.  a  rmall  boauble  river  in 
Tenneflce,  which,  after  a  N.  N.  W. 
courte  ot  about  40  miiei»falU  into  Cum- 
berland river,  19  mile*  N.  W.  of  tiiUk- 
ville. 

HARriESFiELD, « townftiip  InOtre- 
go  county,  in  New-Yoric,  bounJed  S. 
W.  by  Unadilla  townthipt  and  1 1  mile* 
6.  E.  of  Cooperftowi)  {  1 55  of  its  inha- 
bitants are  cUdurs.  Through  this  town 
runs  the  great  poft-road  from  Kudlbn 
to  Williamfburgh,  6a  milu  weft  of 
Hudfon  city. 

Harple,  a  townfhip  itl  Delaware, 
county,  Pcnnlylvania. 

Harfswk  ll,  a  towndkip  in  Cumber- 
land county*  diltriA  of  Maine,  incorpo- 
rated In  1 7  58,  and  contains  1 07 1  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  bounded  eafterly  by  Qeorge- 
town }  from  which  it  is  feparatcd  by.  a 
navigable  river.  The  people  here  are 
opening  a  communication  by  a  canal 
between  the  waters  of  Kennubcck  river 
and  thoi'e  of  Cafco  Bay,  through  the 
arm  of  the  fea  tailed  Stevtns's  river. 
The  jKjint  called  Merryconcag,  pro- 
jcAing  itfelf  into  the  bay  together  with 
the  illand  Sehalcodeagan,  aivl  (cveral 
other  fmall  iflaiuls,  are  incorporated 
and  form  this  townfliip.  The  waters 
round  this  iAand  extena  to  within  two 
miles  of  the  waters  of  tlie  Kennebeck, 
and  thus  form  what  is  called  Small  Point. 

Harrinotom,  a  townfhip  in  Bergen 
cpunty,  New-Jerfey. 

Harrinotom,  a  thriving  town  in 
Lincoln  co.  diftrift  of  Maine,  at  the 
head  of  the  tide  waters  on  the  Kenne- 
beck river,  three  miles  N.  of  Hallowell, 
of  which,  till  its  incorporation  in  1797, 
It  was. a  part,  and  known  by  the  name 
€^  For:  WejUrn,  Veflels  of  100  ton* 
afcend  the  river  to  this  town.  The 
judicial  courts  for  the  county  are  held 
alternately  in  this  town,  and  at  Pownal- 
borough.  Tiiere  is  here  acourt-houfe, 
and  goal .  A  bridge  is  about  to  be  ereA- 
cxi  upon  the  Kennebeck,  oppolite  old 
Fort  WbftLTn.  Several  merchants  and 
traders  are  fettled  here,  and  carry  on  a 
brilk  commerce  with  the  back  country. 
The  townibip  contains  36,000  acres  of 
land,  and  about  1000  inhabitants.  N. 
lat.  44.  .15. 

HARRisBtiRO,  a  poft-town,  and  the 
capital  oi  Oau^hiuccouptyi  Pcnniyiva- 


HAft 


MS 


nim  la  fittMMd  ois  tht  N.  B.  ^Mk  •! 

Sufquthaonah  rivet.  It  it  laid  oM  racis- 
larly,  and  containa  about  yt»  \m&i% 
of  which  feveral  are  Mat  and  cowMai. 
cnt  I  forao  of  brick  and  othan  of  Aom, 
In  1 7S9,  it  contained  1 30 houfiec.a  ioiaft 
gaol,  and  a  German  chuich.    At  tkat 

feriod  it  had  been  fettled  about  ^yoan. 
t  is  >07  milts  W.  N.  W.  of  PhiladeU 
Shia,  5)  W.  S.  W.  of  Raading,  aad  r^ 
;,  N.  E.  of  Cariifle.    N.  Im.  40.  si. 
H  A  RRi so N,  a  townfliip  in  WeiA>  Cbefl 
ter  county.  New- York,  containinff  1004 
inhabitants  {  of  whom  115  ara  ekdorst 
juid  54  flavaa. 

Harrison,  a  conatv  in  tht  weflcm 
part  of  Virginia,  bouwicd  N.  by.  Ohia 
county,  N,  E.  by  Monongalia,  8.  hf 
Oreenbriar,  and  8.  W.  by  Kcnhawi. 
Its  length  is  about  lao  milea*  its  breadth 
80  I  and  the  number  of  inhabitanta 
s,oSo,  including  67  (Uvea.  Chief  town> 
Clarklburg. 

Harrison,  a  new  cminty  in  the  N. 
E.  part  of  the  State  of  Kentucky,  N.  of 
Bourlxm. 

Harrodsb  uRO«  or  K«rr9dfivumt  a. 
iwft-town  in  Mercer  county,  Kentucky^ 
at  the  head  of  Salt  river,  which  con- 
tains about  10  houfes,  and  ia  10  miles  S. 
W.  of  Danville,  30  S.  by  W.  of  Frank- 
fort, and  8s 5  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Hartford,  a  townfliip  in  Wituiror 
county  Vermont,  on  Connecticut  river, 
opponte  the  town  of  Lebanon,  in  New. 
Hampfliire.  It  contains  988  inhabitants. 

Hartford,  a  townfliip  on  the  eaft 
bank  of  Qeneflire  river,  in  New- York. 
State,  40  miles  W.  of  Geneva,  and  67 
S.  E.  by  E.  of  Fort  Niagara. 

Hartford,,  a  fertile  and  populous, 
though  hilly  county,  in  ConneA^ctit, 
bounded  N.  by  the  State  of  Maflachu- 
fetts ;  S.  by  part  of  MiddleCcx  and 
New- Haven  counties}  E.  by  Tolland, 
and  W.  by  Litclifield  county.  It  is 
about  34  miles  from  N.  to  S.  aitd  its 
grcateft  breadth  from  £.  to  W.  is  3a 
miles.  It  is  divided  into  1 5  townfliips, 
and  contains  28,019  inhabitants,  ii>clud> 
ing  163  (laves.  Chief  town^  Hartford 
city. 

Hartford  City^  the  capital  of  Con> 
neflicut,  liesi  on  tiie  weft  bank,  of  Con- 
ne^icut  river,  in  the  county  and  town- 
fliip of  its  own  name,  50  miles  north-, 
wefteily  trom  t|ie  mouih  of  the  river,  at 
Saybrook  Bar,  in  Long  Ifiand  Sound  } 
aq4  ^U«  i^  the  tide  fls^i.   1  he  town-. 

% 


mm 


'mmm' 


±H  M  A  ft' ' 

ftliu^it  6  aiiUn  iqnare,  hoandtfct  N.  by 
Wihdlbr,N  E.byEaft-Wimllbr.W. by 
FanniiM[tan,  7..  by  Eaft-Hartford»  S.  £. 
by  Glaftenbury,  and  S.  by  Wethersfield. 
The  town  is  divided  by  a  fmall  Itreaitt 
enilcd  Little  Riref,  with  hi|;h  romantic 
bonkstover  which  is  a  bridge  connecting 
the  two  divifionft  of  the  town.  The 
<ihy  is regiilarlytaid out,  the  ftreets  in- 
terleAing  eachother  at  right  angles.  Its 
buildings  are«n  elegant  ftate-houre,late]y 
boilt»  s  churches  for  Congregationalifts, 
1  for  EpifcopalianS)  and  between  400 
and  50P  dweiling-houfes  {  a'  number  of 
which  are  handlbraely  built  with  brick. 
The  mhabltants  anKnint  to  upwards  cf 
4»ooo.  A  bank  was  incorporated  in 
i79«,with  100,000  dollars  capital,  niim  ■ 
beroffliaicssso.  >The  corporation  have 
the  povTr  to  extend  their  capital  to 
500,00a  dollars.  A  woollen  manufac- 
tory was  eftablilhed  here  ?.ud  encourag- 
ed by  the  State,  but  has  not  fucceeded. 
The  town  is  advantageonfly  fituated  for 
trade,  has  a  fine  back  country,  enters 
larsely  into  the  manufa^uring  bufinels, 
and  is  a  rich,  floui'ifhing,  commercial 
town. 

This  town  was  firfr  fettled  in  the  year 
1636,  by  Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr.  Hooker, 
who,  with  their  adherents,  removed  from 
Maffachufetrs.  The  Dutch  had  then  a 
trading  houle  at  the  confluence  of  Mill 
and  Connefticu*:  rivers.  They  foon  re- 
linquJOiedthefettlement,  and  their  lands 
were  confifcated  by  a  commifHon  from 
the  Commonw  .'alth  of  England  in  1653. 
A  point  of  hud,  which  formed  part  of 
their  poffefllotis,  U  ftill  called  Dutch 
Po'iit.  It  is  40  'lies  N.  £.  by  N.  of 
New-Haven,  55  N.  W.  of  New-Lon- 
don, ii(j.S.  W.  ofBofton,  118N.  E.of 
New- York,  «2  3  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia, 
501  from  Richmond,  376  from  Wafh- 
ington  city,  io«.4  from  Auguda,  and 
1018  from  Frankfort  in  Kentucky.  N. 
Jat.  41  44.  W.  lorif;.  70.  4. 

H  .RTLAND,  a  townfhip  of  Connefti- 
t;:,thenorth.eaflenimoft  in  Litchfield 
county. 

Hartland,  a  townrtiip  in  Windfor 
county,  Vermont,  fituated  oti  the  vveft 
bank  ot  Connefldtt  nver,  11  miles  be- 
low the  15  mile  ^-ails. 

Hapvard,  a  townfhip  In  the  eaftem 
part  c  4  Worcester  county,  Malfachuletts, 
« 3  miles  W.  E.  of  Wcrcelter>  and  55 
north-cafterly  uf  Bofton.  It  was  incor- 
^/orated  in  ]7}2|bythisnamc,  in  honour 


HAT 

ot  tiie  founder  of  Harvard  UrtiViKity  !rt' 
Cambridge.    It  has  1400  inhabitants* 
Harvard  University.  SctCam^ 

HAR WiCHi  a  townfhip  on  Cape  Cod« 
in  Bamftable  to.  Maflachu^crtts^  Ivin^ 
between  Yarmouth  and  Chatham;  about 
8S  miles  S.  E.  ofBofton,  containing  S3qz 
inhabitants.  It  extends  quite  acrofs  the 
cape,  which  is  here  about  6  miles  over. 
Tneir  marine  bufmefs  lies  chiefly  in  the 
fifliery.  I'he  remains  of  the  Indians  of 
this  townihip  are  only  6  or  7  fouls. 
The  live  at  Potanumaquut. 

Harwich,  a  townfhip  in  Rutland 
county,  Vermont)  containmg  i65;inhao 
bitants.  '  :^'    i 

Harwington,  &  poft-town  of  C6i\^> 
ne6ticut,  in  Litchfield  county.  Smiles' 
E.  of  Litchfield,  aiui  14  W.  by  N.  of 
Hartford. 

Hatborovgh,  a  fmall  town  in 
Montgomery  county,  Pennfylvania,  fitu- 
ated on  the  N.  £.  fide  of  Pannepac!: 
Creek,  which  runs  into  Dela\.  ore  river 
about  5  miles  above  Frankfort.  It  con^> 
tains  about  so  houfes.  -^ 

Hatcha  Cones.    See  Pearl  River  J^^ 

Hatchi.     See  Pearl  Rhier, 

Hatchy,  a  navigable  river  in  the 
State  of  TennefTce,  runs  wefterly  into 
the  MifTifippi,  about  19  miles  N.  of 
Wolf  river,  and  is  about  80  yards  wide 
7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Hatfield,  a  very  pleafant  town  in 
Hampfhire  county,  Maflachufetts,  fituat- 
ed on  the  weft  bank  of  a  bend  of  Con* 
ne^icut  river  wher«r  it  is  80  rods  wide, 
5  miles  north  of  Northampton,  and 
too  weft  of  Bofton.  It  lies  chiefly 
on  one  ftreet,  and  contains  J03  houles, 
and  703  inhabitants.  Here  are  two 
ferries  on  Connefticut  river ;  the  one  to 
Hadley,  the  other  to  Amherft.  North 
of  the  ferry  to  Amherft,  the  river  meets 
with  a  bed  of  rocks,  which  lefTens  its 
breadth  20  or  30  rods — no  fall,  but  a 
large  eddy  at  high  water. 

Hatteras  is  the  moft  ,  remarkable 
and  dangerous  cape  on  the  coaft  of  N. 
America.  This  point  extends  far  into 
the  ocean,  from  the  coaft  ot  N.  Carolina, 
in  35.  15.  N.  lat.  The  water  is  very 
fljoal  at  a  great  diltance  from  the  cape, 
which  is  remarkable  for  fudden  fqualls 
of  wimi,  and  for  the  moft  fcvere  ftorms 
of  thunder,  lightnmg,  and  rain,  which 
happen  almoft  cveiy  day,  during  one 
half  the  year.  At  the  tiinc  of  Sii-  Wal- 
ter 


•^H 


HAT 

tcr  Raleigh**  ;ipproachtng  tHU  coaft, 
the  (hoals  in  the  vicinity  of  Hatterav 
were  found  i'o  dangerous,  fo  extenfive. 
and  fo  fliallow,  many  of  them  covertxl 
with  not,  more  than  5  or  6  feet  water, 
that  no  veflels,  in  that  latitude,  ventured 
^vithin  7  leagues  of  the  land.    - 

At  preient  the  out-lhoals,  which  lie 
about  14  miles  S.  W.  of  the  cape,  are 
but  of  5  or  6  acres  extent,  and  where 
they  are  really  dangerous  to  veflels  ef 
modei-ate  draught,  not  above  half  that 
extent.    On  the  Aioaleft  part  of  thefe 
is  about  10  feet  at  low   water}    and 
here,  at  times,  the  ocean  breaks  in  a 
tremendous  manner,  fpouting,  as  it  were, 
to  the  clouds,  from  the  violent  agitation 
of  the  Gulf  Stream,  which  touches  the 
eaftern  edge  of  tlie  banks,  from  which 
th;  declivity  is  fudden,  tiiat  is  to  fay, 
from  10  fathoms  to  no  foundings.     On 
the   fpot    above  mentioned,    wiiich  is 
firmfand,  it  ha4  been  the  lot  of  many  a 
good  veffel  to  firike,  in  a  gale  of  wind, 
and  go  to  piecei.     In  moderate  weather, 
however,  .thele*  flioals  may  be  paflTcd 
over,  if  necefliiry,  at  full  tide,  without 
much  danger,  by    veflels    not    draw- 
ing more  than  8,  9,  or  10  feet  water. 
From  this  bank,  formerly  of  vaft  ex- 
tent, and  called  the  Full  Moon  Shoal,  a 
ridge  nms  the  whole  diftance  to  'lie 
cape  about  a  N.  W.  courfe,  h  about 
half  a  mile  wide,  and  at  low  water  has 
generally,  10,  11    and  iz   feet  water. 
There  are  gaps  at  equal  intervals,  af- 
fording channels  of  about  15  or  16  feet 
water.    The  moft  noted  of  thefe  is  a- 
bout  a  mile  and  a  half  iVom   the  land, 
and  is  at  leaft  two  miles  and  a  half 
wide,  and  might  at  full   fea  be  fafely 
pafltfd  by  the  largeft  (hips }  hut  is  rare- 
ly ufed  except  by  coafting  veflels.     It 
may  be  ealily  known  by  a  range  of 
breakers  always  feen  on  the  weft  fide, 
and  a  breaker  head  or  two  on  the  eaft- 
ern  fide  5  which,  however,  are  not  fo 
conftant,  only  appearing  when  the  fea 
*s  confiderably  agitated.     A  little  north 
of  the  cape  is  good  anchoring  in  4  or  5 
fathoms  j  and  with  the  wind  to  the  weft- 
ward,  a  boat  may  land  in  fafcty,  and 
evfn   bring  off  caflts   of  frefti  water, 
plenty  ot  which  is  to  be  found  every 
where  on  the  beach,  by  cUgging  a  foot 
or  two,  and  putting  a  barrel  into  the 
fand. 

Hatton's  Ford,  on   Tugcio  ri- 
ver, a  visage  16  mile,  from  Pendleton 


court-hpuie,  in  S.  Carolina,  and  17  lirom  ^ 

Franklin  court-houfe,  in  Ocolgia.      .v.<a 

Havt  Isle  is  the  fouthcrnmoft  of  ^ 
the  large  iflamls  in  Penobfcot  Bay,  in 
Lincoln  county,  diftriA  of  Mr.ine. 

Havannah,  aftrongly  fortified  fea-  > 
port,  town,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the  ' 
ifland  of  Cuba,  capital  of  the  ifland,  19X 
miles  almoftdire£llyS.  of  Cape  Florida, 
and  confcquently  commands  the  gulf 
of  that  name.     Its  great  ftrength,  im* . 
portance,  and  happy  fituation,  ocMfioa 
It  to  be  called  the  key  of  the^  Weft- In- 
dies. It  is  famous  for  it*  harbpur,  which  ^ 
is  ib  large  that  it  may  hold  1000  veflelsa 
and  yet  the  mouth  is  io  narrow  that 
only  one  fiiip  can  enter  at  a  time.     Thia 
is  the  place  where  all  the  (hips  that, 
come  from  the  SpanUh  fetrleinents  ren-.^ 
dezvous  on  their  return  to  Spuin.     The 
entrance  into  the  harbour  is  well  defend- 
ed by  forts  and    platforms  of  great 
guuii.     The  i-own,  fituated  on  the  weft 
fide  of  the  harbour,  contains  above  aooo 
houfes  with  a  great  number  of  rich 
ciiurches  and  convents.     It  is  a  place  of 
great  commerce  ^  the  refideiice  of  the, 
governor  of  the  ifland,  'ond  other  royal 
officers,  the  bi(hop  of  St.  Jae;o,  and  moft 
men  of  fortune  belo'ieing  to  the  ifl  tnd. 
It:  was  taken  by  the  Britifli  in  i* 761,  but 
rcftored  to  tlie  Spaniards  by  the  treaty 
of  peace  in  176^.     It  is  30  miles  W.of 
the  town  of  Santa  Cruz,  and  54  miles 
from  Cape  bed.     N.   lat,  13.  it.  W. 
long,  82.  \%, 

Ha  VERFoRD,  a  townfhip  in  Delaware 
county,  Pennfylvanta. 

Haverhill,  a  poft-tpvyn  of  New- 
Hampfliire,  and  the  capitaf  of  Grafton 
county,  fituated  on  the  taf  fide  of  Con- 
neflicut  river,  in  Lower  C)os.  It  has 
lictween  40  and  50  com'^af^  houfes,  a 
well  conftnifted  court- liciiftr,  and  a  con- 
gregational church.  This  townfliipwas 
incorporated  in  1763,  ar.d  contains  55a 
inhabitants.  In  it  is  ^  bed  of  iron  ore, 
which  has  yielded  feme  profit  to  the 
proprietor,  alfo  a  quarry  of  free-ftone, 
fit  for  hearths  and  chimney  pieces.  It 
has  alfo  a  fulling-mill,  an  oil-mill,  and 
many  other  excellent  mill- feats.  It  is 
oppofite  to  Newbury  in  Vermont,  35 
mites  aboveD^rtmuutii  college,!  1 9  inilea 
N.  W.  of  Portfmouth. 

Haverhill,  a  handionie  poft-towa, 
of  MaflTachufetts,  in  Eflex  county,  fitu- 
ated on  the  N.  fide  of  Mvrrimack  ri- 
ver, acref*  which  is  an  elegant  bridge, 

P  coDne£lw>g 


•it  RAW  HE  is 

«|»  tmmf  *M  }4  #ide.    It  ku  ;   ft«m  Fortfinouth,  was  iwcMlpuiWed  i» 
■i<hei,rfti»fcit<Mrth>  fepporMd  by    t7<o,aiMlcontttiicdiB  97^^  s^4><«iA 
Aone  jpierit  4^  feet  fettsre ;    in  1790, 4.M  inlnbitnit*. 
'  *  Ha#kims,  a  county  fai  WafliinetMi 

diftnft,  ittTeraidfee,  laving"  «,57U  in- 
luibitant«^inclufiveofffo7fla^.  CVkS 
tmMi»  Ro^fvfRe. 

HAWitnn  Cmrt-fmfit  in  Tenneffte, 
It  s5mik8firomFiv«-ftoneGap,74fibm 
Abingdon,  md  tj%  inm  Danville  in 
Kentucky. 

If  AWK's^AY,  on  the  coaftof  Weft- 
Florida,  w/.ftward  of  the  mouth  of  Mo^ 
bile  Ba^;»  is  between  Pelican  aiuTDau- 
Dbin  iflands.  There  il  a  broad  channel 
«»f  f  I  an  J  t%  ftet  water,  afterwardt  fafe 
anchora*^  in  4  fathoms^  gootf  holding 
ground ,  and  Iheltered  from  mdl  wkids ; 
on  wh'ch  account  it  it  very  convenient 
%r  fridl  ve&It. 

FawkeVHarbovr  it  an  arm  of 
Igomachoijc  Bay,  Newfoundland  Ifland. 

Hawley;  a  townftipin  Hampihire 
county,  Mafikchufettt,  i»o  miles  wefter^ 
ly  of  Bofton.  Previous  to  its  incorpora4 
tton  in  179s.  it  was  called  Ptmtatm 
If&i  7,  and  had  539  inhabitants.    It  it 


# 


aUbadffe#of  cricet,  ovei^the  ciiannel 
dFilferiwr.    llMtriini  baeacenfidera- 
Ue  u^nd  trade,  lyiDgabdttt  jt  miles 
HwlyW.of  Bo<Kw,  andismtlet  from 
NawMry  |NM  ii,  ais  tile  nwtB  of 'die  river, 
ttd  ilboirt  t»  8.  W.  of  Pdrtfittoath  in 
Vki^UmifMn*    It  Ikt  thidfy  upon 
t«»  fiBctaj  ikk  Mtecipal  of  which 
nmapiraficlwil^aerivdr.    Veffeitof 
t«»«MtolMMdientaiigo«ip(oit.    Tn 
vdkrt  wfe  imeiswilhfliei^rantneliiof 
tMafltuatiMi  aad'amHnberofneatand 
vHil  fiaiflMd  hovfts  g^  it  an  air  of  ele* 
gteec.    Here  are  two  churches,  one 
tar  Goi^rmtiM«Hft»«  and  one  for  Bap- 
dlfe«  s  diiillerie#,  <mw  of  which  hat 
laiely  widergone  a  laudable  trtnfmuta* 
t&iliiM»attr«wery.    Some  vetitels  sic 
aiWMiBHy  Miilt  here,  and  feveral  are  em. 
pk^  in  the  Weft-India  trade.    A 
■tantfiaftory  of  ^  rail-cloth  was  begun 
here  in  1719,  and  is  fatd  M  be  in  a  pro- 
nii&igway.    The  trade  of  tlut  place, 
however,  is  coafiderably  left  than  before  I 
tie  revoihition.    The  whide  townfliip 
coatsaiac  530  faouftti  aiad  a,4o8  inhabit 
tantSk 

Mavbrstkaw  Bay,  called  by  Tome 
BtowfijfMOT,  in  Hudlbn's  river,  38  miles 
above  New.  York  city,  fpreads  8.  of 
StoHy  Point,  and  before  the  town  of  its 
own  name,  ia  10  miles  long  and  about  t 
vride. 

HATfiMTRA  w,Btownfliip  in  Orange 
ceuty,ll<w..York,  fituated  on  the  W. 
fide  of  the  above  bay,  35  mitet  N.  of 
New.  York  city.  It  contains  4,8f6  in- 
liAitaiits,  of  vrir.n  98  art  qualified 
cle9iai«,and  %■»,%  flavea. 

HAvai  DB  GBACB,or  Grac,  a  poft. 
town  and  port  of  entiy  in  Harford  coun* 
ty,  Maryland,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Sofque. 
haimah river,  at  its  mouth  in  Chefapeak 
Bay.  It  contains  about  40  houies,  S50 
inluiHitants,  and  is  the  pott  of  entry  tor 
all  the  fliores  oi  Chefapeak  Bay  abovt: 
Turkey  Point.  It  is  6  miles  W.  by  S. 
ofCharUHtto«n  in  Cecil cotiiity,  37  N.  E. 
of  Baltimore,  and  65  W.S.  W.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia.    M'  lat.  39.  79. 

Haw,  a  water  of  Cajw  ttav  wliich 
imitet  with  Deep  river.  It  may  Ix;  ren> 
deretl  navii'^bl.  tur  $0  miks.     bee  SaX' 

mwiCE,  ^  u^nfliip 'il  jlo^Eing  am 


compofed  of  parts  of  feveral  adjoitiintf 
towns,  and  is  about  so  miles  N*  W.  ot 
Northampton. 

Haycocks,  a  fin^l  ille  in  Delaww*^ 
river,  about  7  miles  below  Eafton  in 
Nxthampton  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Haye'sIsland,  afmalliflandof  New 
South  Wales  formed  by  the  rivers  Nei- 
fon  and  Hayes.  At  the  mouth  of  Nel- 
fon  river  ftands  Fort  York  |  which,  at 
well  at  Ndfon  river,  it  called  Bbnrbonv 
by  the  French. 

Kayne's  Fobt,  Colonel,  isffituat«r 
cd  in  Nelfon  connty,  Kentticky,  on  the 
norfh  fide  of  Green  river,  »5  miles  weft 
of\     ig's  Fort,  and  53  from  the  Ohio. 
Heath,   a  townihip  in  Hampfliir'; 
cotuity,Maflachufetts,containing  379  in- 
habitants.   It  was  incorporated  in  1 78  j, 
and  is  115  miles  N.  W.  of  Botion,  and 
about  i  8  miWsN.N.  W.  of  Northampton. 
H  e  B  R  O  N ,  a  town  in  Cumberland  coun- 
ty, Maine,  fitnated  on  the  N.  B*  fiie  tit 
Little  Androfcoggin,  was  incorporated  in 
179a.    Iti8  35miletN.  by  W.  of  Port- 
land. 

Hebron,  a  townfltip  in  Waflmtgtmt 
county,  New-YcN'k,  confatniiM;  1^03  in* 
haWitunts,  of  whom  414  are  eIc£lors. 

Hebron,  a  tow<  ihib  m  Tolland  coun- 
ty, C«an«^«ut,  fettitd  in  i7<34  f>'on»^ 

Northampton^ 


/•' 


ifliingtott 

170310* 

£iort. 

iid  coun- 

041  from^ 


iBttm  Mbftxirtkr&ttai  #«» 
]«▼«  by  JoOiua,  fiKhem  of  tbe  MUw- 
mm  niStt  itt  tiii'h*  «uifcaiid.«efainfent. 
l«nk«iberN«(M>  IbAaoon  ahd  OJaOcfii- 
Wis  aboitt  tt>mik«  S»^B»of  Hartfordi^ 
and  vft  fiMii  of  ToUxndi 

Jftmoih- »  Mifravktt  ftttlenient  ia 
Fbinrjtbranfa^  i.«inile>ftoinlatii»  which 
St  70.  miles  northerly  of  Philadelphia. 
Tllf 'fttilMiient  braati  in  b757« 

HhOfTOR,.  a  miutaiy  toividhip/inithe 
Statwof  New-York,  00  thr  eaft  fide  df. 
SoneBa  Lake  Mwank  the  (buch  eai,. 
havturO^ldoffthe  nosiii  and  NewtMvn 
lAwnwip  «n  the  Amth^  and'  ay  mika  & 
bjr  W^of  the  feny  en  Cayuga  iakiBi, 

HBiDBbSER'G^  a.Mora7iaa  fettleitient 
in  Pfenn^vania,  begun  ih  174.})  fituat* 
cd  a4>  miltt  from  Lidz^  which  ia  in 
Warwick  townfitip,.  HiancaAer  ociinty* 

}Ikit>«L*ERiG,  a  handfi>me  towtt  in 
Dauphine  coimt-yv  FhiafyLTania*  oon> 
taimng  about  100  houfer  and  two  Grer* 
man  diuithea  for  Lutherana  and  Cal> 
viniftt{  one  of  the  churchea  it  a  hand- 
fbmcftonc' building.  Itia)3,milet  E. 
%f  N.  of  Harriftmr,  and  74  N.  W.  hj 
W.  of  yhiladelpltia.  Then  are  two 
o«her  tovraflrips  of  thia  name  in  the 
State,  the  one  in  York  county,  the  other 
in  that  of  Northampton. 

Hbioht  OF  Land,  a  range  of  moun- 
tains  which  extend  from  8.  W.  to  the 
N.  E.  and  feparatea  the  diftrift  of 
Maine  from  Lower  Canada,  ^ving  rife 
to  many  rivers  v/hich  Call  into  St.  Law- 
rencenver,  and  others  which  fall  into 
the  Atlantic  0;ean.  The  principal 
growth  between  the  Height  of  Land 
and  St.  Francis  river  is  Iteech,  maple, 
birch,  hemlock,  and  ftr,  verjr  few  white 
pines,  and  no  oak  of  any  Ibrt.  Seme 
of  the  riven  have  fine  intervales. 

Hbleka  Island,St.  ontheeoaftof 
S.  Caroiiimi,  with  the  cont'ment  on  the 
north,  forma  St.  Helena  Sound  or  En 
trance,  and  gives  name  to  a  parifli  in 
Beaufort  diftria. 

HelenaPabish,  St.  in  Beaufort  dif- 
trid,  S.  Carolina,  coniifts  of  a  clufter  of 
iilands,  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  St.  Helena 
Ifland,  one  of  the  largeft  of  which  is 
Port  Royal,  Adjacent  to  Port  Koyal 
•re  St.  Helena,  Ladies,  Paris,  and  Hunt- 
ing lAandt.  The  Hunting  Iilands  are 
5  or  6  in  number,  bordering  on  thie 
Dcean,  fo  called  from  the  number  of  deef 
and  other  game  found  upon  ditir.  All 
fktEe  iAands  an'  foaaeouicrt  af  left  aott 


iwidilttAithiiMriOii.  Tht  SNMkiM  «C 
the  ilundlia  no^  tndim  combb^  oonu 
aadif#aBr  pufeBtota  |.  UK  rndtivattoD,  oc 
which,!  at  wet!  at  in  odMr  paita  o£  thti 
Stttte«  it  oitiehi  durried  on  by  Hvm^i 
Taxetnudhgr  Sl;k.HafMarlp!viOi  9,k44l« 
lit.  ad.  Chiei'towh,  B«)lufort,QnFoct; 
Royal  Idandb. 

HaiLBNa  Sf .  titsunt  eo4he  coidk  «C 
flortda,  built  by  ths  Spuwudfi,  audi 
bunni  1^  Sir  Franoit  Drake  in  1 5!^  - 

HsiiiGiiiTft,  tb»eelebratedftBUtvi» 
near  the  weft  end  of  Long  Ifland  Souttlii 
oppnfitetoHarleihinYoi^  liland^and 
aobttt  Smilea  noitfa-caft  of  New«^Ybrl9 
city,  and  it  remsricable  for  ita  whiiU 
oooIb,^  which  nmke  a  trmcndouB  rotfm 
Mg  at  certain  timet  of  the  ti^  Thafii 
whidpools  are  occafioned  by  the  nai^ 
rciwnefa  and  crookcdneA  of  the  O^flaji!^ 
and  a  bed  of  incka  which  extend  q«!t« 
acroft  it }  and  not  by  the  meetiiu;  oC 
the  tid^  from  eaft  to  weft,  aa  bat  be«B 
conjeAured,becavfethey  nkcet  at  ^ng'* 
Point,  feyeral  mtlea  above^  A  flctOfil 
pilot  may  comluA  a  ihip  of  any  burdcDv 
with  (iifely»  through  thia  ftnitk  at  high 
water  urith  the  tide»  or  at  low  «patC9 
with  a  hit  wind»  There  i«  a  traditiao 
aroooff  the  Indiana,  that  in.  fame  diftant 
period,  in  former  times,  their  anceftorf 
could  ftep  front  roek  to  rock,  and  crpHi 
thia  arm  of  the  fta  on  foot  ta  H«U 
Gate. 

HkMLQCfc,a  lake  in  N«w-Vork  Statnk 
1  a  miles  long,  and  t  broad,  it  the  Gen* 
effee  country. 

HEMPti8Lil»the  name  of  twotown- 
fhips  in  Pennfylvaaia,  the  one  in  Laa*, 
cafWr  county,  the  other  in  that  of  Wc&» 
moreland.  , 

Hbndbbsom^s  GBAhT,  a  traR  it 
miles  fquare,  on  the  pcninfula  formed 
by  the  junaion  of  Creen  river  with  the 
Ohio,  in  the  State  ot  liLent^ky. 

Hbnlby  House,  a  ftation  of  the 
Hudlbn^s  Bay  Company,  on  the  north 
bank  of  Albany  river,  in  New  S.  Wales, 
150  miles  S.  \V.  of  Albany  Fort,  and 
1 10.  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Bruni'wick  Houft. 
N.  lat.  51.  14.  *•;.  W.  loAg.  t$.  ^.  54* 

HENNfKER,  a  townfhip  in  Htfllbe- 
rough  county^  New-Hamplhirci  about 
IX  miles  weft  of  Concord.  In  1775,  it 
contained  ^67,  and  in  1^90,  iia7  inha- 
(utants. 

HENL09EN,  Ca1^e>  formt  the  S.  W. 

(tdeof  the  entrance  of  Delaware  Bay* 

and  Cape  May  the  N.  £.  fide,  aS  nuieB 

P  a  apart. 


\ 


\ 


S28 


H£^ 


tmn*  C«pe  Renlopen  lies  ia  Nj  Uti 
SS.  50»andinW.  lonf.7s.  a6.  There 
U  a  lighNhoiife  here,  «  fewipilet  below 
the  town  of  L«m*i  of  an  oftason  form, 
handfomcly  built  of  ftoiie  115  feet  biffh, 
and  ha  foundation  U  tiearly  aa  much 
above  the  level  of  the  lea.  The  lantern 
ia  between  7  and  8  feet  fquare,  lighteii 
with  8  lampa,  and  may  be  Cetn  m  the 
night  lO  leagu<ts  off  at  fea.  Its  annuaf 
expenfe  is  about  ^'650.  There  is  a 
ilrong  iron  net-work^  in  order  to  sre- 
vrat  birds  fiy>m  breaking  the  elats  at 
night.  Yet  fo  attniAtve  ia  the  light  to 
the  winged  tribe,  that  fliortly  after  its 
ereftioii,  no  birda  of  different  kinds 
were  found  dead  one  morning,  and  a 
duck»  in  particular  dew  againft  it  with 
ftich  force,  as  to  penetrate  through  both 
the  wire  wd  glaA^  and  was  found  dead 
In  the  lantern.  Since  the  above  acci- 
dent, few  (imilar  ones  have  occurivd, 
and  the  birds  have  become  more  wary. 

Veflels  off  the  Delaware,  upon  dif- 
playing  a  jack  at  the  foretopmaft.head, 
will  be  immediately  fumimed  with  a 
pilot  None,  however,  are  to  be  de. 
pended  upon,  unlefs  they  are  fiirniflied 
with  branches,  and  with  a  cei'tificate 
from  the  board  of  wardens  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Hen  RICO,  a  county  of  Virginia,  about 
JO  inilcs  long,  and  7  broaJ,  contains 
laooo  inhabitants,including58i9  Oaves. 
It  is  Airrounded  by  Hanover,  Charles 
City,  and  Goochland  counties,  and 
James  river.  A  number  of  coal  mines 
are  in  the  county,  and  pits  have  been 
opened  by  mai^  of  the  proprietors,  and 
worked  :to  eonfiderable  profit.  The 
coals  in  leveral  of  the  pits  are  found 
Ti  r 'If  100  feet  above  the  level  of  the 

. .  r^-  and  3  or  4  ieet  below  the  furf'ace 
'!  tht  ground.  It  is  fuppofed  that 
}00,ooo  bufhels  might  be  railed  frcni 
t'Mte  of  thefe  in  a  year.  Chief  town, 
Richmond. 

HlNRiqUELLE,  a  remarkable  fait- 
pond  in  the  Spanish  part  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingoi  about  ax  leagues  in 
circuit.  It  is  inhabited  by  lizards  and 
a'Ugators,  ami  land  tortuiles,  all  of  a 
large  liae.  Ths  water  is  deep,  clear, 
bitter  and  lalt,  and  ha:  s  ciifHgreeabie 
fmell.  Near  the  middle  of  this  pond  is 
an  ifland  about  a  leagues  long,  and  a 
leaeiic  wide,  in  which  is  a'  Ipring  of 
frem  water,  well  ftucked  with  eabritots, 
•ml  tbenct  called  OdfritQ  ifiand.    This 


HBK 

pond  is,  about  1 1  league*  E*  of  Port 

ao  Prince. 

HsMKY,  a  cape,  the  north-eaftitm  ex- 
tremity of  PrincefssAnn  owmty,  in  Vir^. 
ginia,  1  %  miles  S.  by  W^  of  Cape  ^^l^arles 
in  Northampton  county.  Thefcfcapea 
kkrtt  the  enttwice  of  Chet^eak  B^. 
Cape  Henry  lies  in  N.  Ut*  }7«uiWk 
long.,  7(S.  16.  ,  •;   r.; 

He  N  R  Y«  a  fort  inPcnofylvania,  8  milet 
N.  WVf,  of  Myer's  Town,,  at  the  head 
of  Tulpehocken  creek,  \x  N.  of  Lan- 
cafter,  and  nearly  37  S.  E.  of  Sunburv. 

Henry,  a  mountainous  and  hilly 
county  of  Virginia,  bouiided  N.  by 
Franklin,  8.  andS.E.  by  Patrick,  S.W. 
by  Grifon,  and  N.  W.  and  W.  by 
Montgomery^  It  is  about  40  miles  long, 
15  broad,  and  contains  6918  inhabi- 
tants, including  1551  (laves. 

HsNTiONiTAN,  an  ifland  in  the  N. 
E.  part  of  Lake  Huron. 

Herkembr,  a  new  county  of  New- 
Vork,  divided  into  so  townihijps,  viz, 
German  Fiats,  Wairen,  Frankroit,  and 
Litchfield,  formed  out  oi  German  flatf 
in  Feb.  1796.  Herkemer,  Fairfield  and 
Norway,  formed  out  of  Fedrfittdt  Feb* 
1796.-— Schuyler.  The  following  were 
comprehended  originally  in  ffbii^owH, 
viz.  Paris,  Sangerfield,  Ha'lpiiton,  Sher- 
burn,  Brookfield,  Cazenovia,  Weftmore- 
land, Mexico,  Rome,  Steuben  and  Floyd. 
By  the  ftate  cenliis  of  1796  this  county 
contains  >5,S73  inhabitants,  of  whom 
4t6i  are  ele^ors.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
part  of  Lower  Canada  and  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  N.  W.  by  the  £.  end  of 
Lake  Ontario,  and  the  river  St.  Law. 
rence;  S.  by  Otfego  county;  E.  by 
Clinton  and  jKut  of  Wafliington  county. 

Herkbmer.  Town,  in  the  above 
county,  is  fituated  on  the  north  (ide  of 
Mohawk  river.  The  townfliip  includes 
the  village  called  Little  German  Flats, 
and  the  celebrated  plain  called  German 
Flats.  The  village  contains  a  court- 
houfe,  gaol,  a  Dutch  church,  and 
about  40  dwelling  houfes,  which  laft 
are  very  indifferent  buildings.  It  is  80 
milesN.W.  by  W.  of  Albany,  i6  S.E. 
of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  and  10  in  a  like  di- 
rection from  Whitefiown.  In  the  midft 
of  the  flats  is  a  flirub  oalc  plain  of  80 
or  100  acres,  barren  and  Honey,  of  no 
ufe  but  for  building  lots.  The  townfliip 
is  named  in  honour  oi  general  Herkemer, 
who  was  mortally  wounded  in  the  late 
war.  It  contained  in  1796,  by  the  State 

cenAisj 


H  I  A 

cefiAii,  io73  inhabitants ;  of  whom  33! 
were  elf^.ow. 

Hr,RO^  NoKTHy  an  ifland  in  Lake 
Champiatn,  is  a  towhfbip  annexed  to 
Chittenden  county  in  Venmont,  and 
contains  1x5  inhabitants.  I.  Is  13  miles 
in  length;  and  a  in  breadth. 

Hero,  Sovth,  an  ifland  in  the  fame 
lake,  belonging  to  Chittenden  county, 
Vermont,  is  a  townfhip  and  port  of  en- 
try, and  contains  537  inhabitants.  It  is 
14  miles  long,  and  3^  broad.  Numer- 
ous fmall  ifli  s  furround  the  Herbs.  This 
ifland  prodoces  good  crops  of  wheat 
and  other  grain.  In  it  is  a  quarry  of 
bluifli  grey  marhle,  which  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  bemg  a  petri/a^lion  of  fcal- 
lops*  a  I'pecies  of  Iheli  common  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  lake,  together  with  the 
common  earth  of  the  fliore,  which  is  ot 
a  marley  fubftance. 

Heron,  Pass  AU,  at  the  bay  of  Mo 
bile,  in  Vf.  Florida,  is  x8  mile«  E  of 
Pafcagoula  river,  and  has  4  feet  water  j 
and  from  thence  to  the  point  which  is 
on  the  E.  flde  of  the  Bay  of  Mobile,  in 
N.  lat.  30.  17.  is  nearly  6  miles. 

Herring  Bay,  lies  on  the  W.  fide  of 
Chefapeak  Bay,  Maryland,  a6  miles  S. 
of  Annapolis,  and  derives  its  name  from 
the  fifh  of  its  name  which  frequent  it. 

Herring  Pond  Indians.  See 
SandiKicb. 

Hertford,  a  county  of  Edenton 
diftri6l,  N.  Carolina  i  bounded  N.  by 
the  State  of  Virginia,  S.  by  Bertie  co. 
E.  by  Chowan,  and  W.  by  Northamp- 
ton, and  contains  ^txi  inhabitants,  of 
whom  144a  are  Haves.  Oiief  tpwn, 
Wynton. 

Hertford,  a  poll-town  of  N.  Ca- 
rolina, in  Edentoi)  diftrifl,  and  capital 
of  Gates  county,  lituated  on  the  W.  /jde 
of  Perqwimin^s  river.  It  contains  about 
to  houfes,  a  eoui't-houfe,  and  gaol,  and 
is  18  miles  N.N.  £.  of  Edenion,  :^o^ 
N.  N.  E.  cf  Wilmington,  and  38  S.  by 
W.  of  Suffolk  In  Virginia. 

Hervey's  Isle,  one  of  the  newdif- 
covered  iflands,  in  the  South  Sea,  vilit- 
edbyCapt.  Cook  in  1778.  $.  lat.  19. 
)8.  W.  long.  159.  6. 

Hbvb,  or  La  Hmvet  »  port  and 
cape  on  the  S.  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia. 
Here  the  Fiiench  built  a  fort,  which 
was  taken  by  the  Briti(h  with  fome  lofs 
of  men  171a. 

Hiatstown,  a  village  in  Middlefex 
county,  New«Jerfey  |  1 3  mile*  N.  «aft- 


H  1  L  »39 

erty  of  Trenton,  and  tf  8.  by  W.  of 
New-Brunfwick. 

HiCKMAN*s,  a  fettlement  In  Favettv 
county,  Kentucky,  on  the  N.  fide  of 
Kentucky  river,  10  miles  N.  of  Pan- 
ville,  and  aa  S,  of  Lexit\gton. 

Hid  Island  is  lituated  on  the N.W. 
Territory }  in  Plein  river,  the  northern 
head  water  of  the  Illinois. 

Hiohoate,  a  village  in  Geoi^fia, 
about  4  miles  from  Savamiab.  8v« 
Hampflead. 

Highgate,  the  north-wei^emmoft 
townfliip  except  Alburgh,  in  Vermoot) 
in  Franklin  county,  contains  103  inha- 
bitants. 

Highlands,  a  mountainous  tnA  of 
country  on  the  banks  of  Kudfon^  river, 
in  the  State  of  New- York,  between  40 
and  60  miles  N.  of  New- York  city. 
The  paflage  on  the  river  throug:h  theft 
highlands,  fior  the  diltance  of  i^bout  18 
miles,  is  grand  and  romantic  in  a  higb 
degree.  The  opening  feems  (o  have 
been  formed  on  purpofe  for  the  pafiage 
of  this  noble  river.  In  thefe  Iiighlaiias 
are  lituated  the  important  and  famous 
fbrtrefles  of  Weft  Point,  Fort  Moncgo- 
raery,  and  Stoney  Point.  Theinoft  not- 
ed peaks  are,  as  you  afcend  the  riv(^r. 
Thunder  Hill,  St.  Anthony's  Note,  Su- 
gar Loaf,  Butter  H:ll,  and  Break  Neck 
Hill.  After  paOing  the  two  laft,  the 
country  opens  delightfully,  and  prtfentt 
to  the  eye  the  pieafant  villages  of  New. 
Windfor  and  Newburgh.  Thefe  moun- 
tains abound  with  iron  ore. 

HiGHWASSEE.  See  Higbwajfee 
River. 

Higuey,  or  Altc  Grada,  a  city  in 
the  S.E.  part  of  thi  Spanifli  divifion  of 
St.  Domingo,  the  .^afternmoft  of  all  the 
lettlements  in  th>:  ifland,  ce'ebrated  for- 
merly for  its  fertility,  and  the  quantity 
of  fugar  it  produced.  It  was  formerly 
the  feat  of  Cayacoa,  the  pioll  powerful 
cacique  of  the  iflauJ.  It  has  now  only 
about  500  inhabitants,  and  is  dift^nt 
about  40  leagues  to  the  eadward  of  St. 
Donimgo,  between  which  dml  Kiguey 
are  3  roads,  the  circititous  and  iiorth- 
trnmoft  of  which  l^ads  by  Bayaguana. 
N.  lat.  18.  30. 

Hills,  a  riyer  in  New  South  Wales, 
which  rife»  from  PathapoowinepeeLake, 
and  empties  into  Uudion^s  Bay  at  York 
Fort. 

HlLLfDAl^',  9  townfhip  in  Columbia 
county,  NeW  Yprk,  18  auUs  fromHt^d- 

P  3  fell 


m 


R7L 


ibn  dty,  centtining  4,55<  inhiUtaiitt, 
jickiding;ti  flaves.  By  the  Stste  cen* 
^  #f  1796,  6%%  of  the  inhabitaim  iur« 

HlLifSVpRoVoH,  an  ifluid  on  the 
^bnwlor  coaft,  on  a  bny^  at  the  h^  of 
whieh  is  Nain,    Ste  Kaia. 

HlLLSyOROVOH,  a  county  of  New 
Hampfliire,    boundcid  N.  by  Grafton 
county,  5.  *>y  the  State  of  Mailachu- 
fttts,  W.  by  Chel^irti  and£.  by  Rock- 
ingham county. 

It  IB  diitriiied  into  37  townfliip^  and  4 
corea  of  iao4t  which  contain  3i«874  >n- 
MbitantS}  all  free  people»  who  chlafly 
j^llow  agriculture.  The  academy  at 
Ani)hei1(,  ha»  £  800  fundi,  and  ajiother 
•t  New-Ipfwicn  of  ^.  1 000^  Chief  towns, 
Amherft  and  Hopkinton. 

HiLLSBORoycH,  a  townfliip  m  the 
•hove  countyr  lituatcd  on  the  north  m 
kaad  branches  of  Contocook  river,  about 
^t  or  ao  milea  W.  of  Concord,  wa< 
incorporated  in  i77a>  Mid  contains  79S 
inhabiunt8< 

Hillsborough,  a  townfliip  in  So- 
ptrftt  county,  New-Jcrfey,  contxining 
•aoi  inhabitant*,  including  jtC  flaves. 
|t  is  ttbout  15  miles  W^  orfirunfwick, 
•ad  li  northe'ly  of  Trenton. 

Hillsborough,  a  village  on  the 
ftttem  Me  of  Chefapeatc  Bay,  in  Caio- 
line  taaianyj,  Maryland ;  Icated  on  the 
E.  fide  of  Tuckahock  Cretk,  one  of  the 
^h'lef  branches  of  Choptank  river,  7 
miles  S.  E.  by  E.  of  Denton,  9  N.  W. 
of  Greenlborough,  aipd  17  S.  S.  W.  of 
Cbeftcr. 

HiLLSBOnouGH,  one  of  the  m^dlc 
0iftri5ls  of  North  Carolina,  bounded  N. 
by  the  State  of  Virginia,  S.  by  ^'ayettc 
vUle  diftria,  E.  by  Halifax,  al^l  W.  by 
Salifbury.  It  comprehends  the  counties' 
of  Granville,  Perfon,  Cafwell,  Orange, 
Wake,  Chatham,  and  Randolph}  and 
contains  59198;  inhabitants,  of  whom 
33,506  are  flaves.  Chief  town,  Hillf- 
borough. 

Hillsborough,  a  poft-town  of 
Vorth- Carolina,  and  capital  of  thedif- 
iriSt  of  [u  name,  is  fituated  in  Orange 
county,  on  the  N.  fide  of  Eno  river,  in  a 
hi^h,  healthy  and  fertile  ^mtry.  It 
contains  abput  80  houfes,  acotot-houfe 
and  gaol  i  ai|)d  had  in  ^788  an  academy 
of  60  or  80  ftudciit^^' patronized  by 
the  principal  gentlemen  ipf  the  State. 
The  Eno  iiitites  with  Little  and  Flat 
fiTcri,  and  fiffOM  the  Ncui|  thoyt  17 


H  IN 

miks  iiebw  the  town.  |t  ia  >!€ oiBfillef 
W.  N.  W.  of  Newhem,  .^6  S.by  W, 
of  Perfon  codrt-houfe,  ttot'W.-byS.  of 
Halifax,  no  E.N.E.  of  8alifl>uiy,  moA 
4,51  S.  W.  by fi.  Of  Philadel|4iiA. 

HiLLftDALB,  a  townflwp  in  Colum- 
bia county,  Mew.Yonk»  having  Ckve* 
rack  on  the  W.  and  Great- Harrington 
in  Berkfliire  county,  Maflptchuletts,  on 
the  E.  It  contains  4556  inhabitants,  of 
whom  31  areilaves. 

HiLLTOWN,  a  fmall  .town  near  the 
centre  of  Cheller  county,  Pennfyhmniai 
»8  miles  W.  ofPhiladelnhia,^d  xiH, 
W.  of  Chefter.  Alfo  \he  name  of  a 
townfliip  in  Bucks  county  in  the  £une 
State. 

Hilton  Hbav  is  the  moftfouthem 
fca  land  in  8.  Carolina.  W.  and  8.  W, 
of  Hilton  Head  lie  iP>ncka«r*|,  BuUsn 
Dawfuflcies  and  fome  fmalfcr  iflandsi 
betwetn  which  and  Hilton  ifead,  .are 
Calibogie  river  and  found,  which  kaa, 
the  ouuet  of  May  and  New  rivers. 

Hilton's  Point^  inPifcataquariiiBri^ 
in  New-Hampfliire,  is  the  fpot  WhAie 
the  united  flream  o(  Newidutwannook 
and  Cochecho  rivers,  which  comisifrom 
Dover,  meets  the  weftem  branch  and 
forms  the  Pifcataquat  From  thence  to 
the  Tea  is  7  miles,  the  courfe  generally 
S.  to  S.E.  and  the  river  is  io  rapid  tha( 
it  never  freezes. 

HiMCHE,  a  territory  aad  town  in  the 
Spanifli  part  of  St.  Domingo.  The 
canton  of  Hinche  is  bounded  W.  by  the 
French  pariflies  of  Gonaivcs,  Petit  Rivi- 
ere and  Mirebabis^!-and  contains  with 
ibme  appcmtages  about  ia,ooo  fouls  ^ 
The  town  contains  about  500  houfes^ 
and,  toi,jther  with'  its  dependencies, 
4, 500  fouls ,  500  of  whom  are  capable  of 
'  beaiing  arms.  It  is  fituatfd  on  the  E^ 
fide  of  the  mouth  of  the  river  Guaya- 
muco,  64  miles  N.  W.  of  St.  Domia- 
go,  N.  lat.  19.  3. 

HiNBSBURCH,  a  townfliip  in  Chit, 
tenden  county,  in  Vermont,  lies  E.  of 
and  joins  Charlotte  onLaka  Champlain. 
It  contains  454.  inhabitants. 

HiNGHAM,  a  poft-town  in  Suffolk 
county,  Maffachufctts,  fit\iatedonafmall 
bay  which  fetf  iip  fouth  from  Bofton 
Bay.  It  contains  a  number  of  houfes 
CompaAly  built,  two  Congregational 
churches,  and  a  well  endowed  fchool, 
called,  in  honour  of  ita  principal  doner 
and  founder,  Derby  €clioeI.  It  ia  19 
laUea  8. 1^*  «f  ^BixfH,  mjkI  s»  in  a  Uk« 


HOJI 

iMralliwn  «f<om  Plvpptt  h.  Thetoww^ 
ihip  is  about  4  mile*  fq^is  x,  couiU(t  of 
ttwo  parifliMf  wai  iocorp  /rated  in  i6b5» 
piul  contaiiM  toSf  inhabit:«nt>.  Ucre 
are  6  grift-mills,  j  faw.milU,  and  a 
jEuliii\g-inill  {  four  of  which  are  tide 
miUs.  Two  hills  in  this  town,  one  of 
which  is  called  Baker's  Hill,  prefent 
^xtenfive  and  ddightful  profpefts  of 
JBoilon  Bay,  its  iilands,  and  the  adja- 
cent country. 

HiNSDAL£,  the  S.  eaftemmoft  town- 
ihip  in  Vermont^  and  in  Windham  co. 
It  contains  4J>  inhabitants. 

Hinsdale,  a  townfhip  in  Chefliire 
county,  New-Hampihire,  on  the  eaft 
bank  of  Conne£):icut  river,  where  the 
fouth  line  of  the  State  ftrikes  the  river 
in  4%.  43.  59.  N.  lat.  and  is  oppofite  to 
Hinfdale  in  Vermont.  It  was  incorpo- 
^ted  In  i753i  and  contains  51s  inhabi- 
tants, it  It  about  3 8  miles  above  North- 
gmpton,  and  114  from  Portfmouth. 

Hiram,  a  Imall Settlement  in  York 
county,  Maine.    See  New  Andover. 

H1SPAN101.A,  or  St.  Domii^a,  See 
St.  Domittge, 

HiTCKELAOA,  or  WtcbtU^t  an  In- 
dian village  in  Lower  Canada,  -iituattd 
in  the  ifland  of  Montreal,  and  at  the  foot 
cf  the  naountain  fo  called.  Jt  is  forti- 
£ed  a^r  the  Indian  manner,  and  the  in- 
liabitants  fpeak  the  Huron  language. 

HiTTCN,  a  fmall  village  in  Ann 
lAruodel  county,  Maryland^  13  miles 
W.  1^  S.  of  Baltimore. 

HiWASSBB  !«  the  only  river  of  any 
confe.(|uence  vrhich  empties  into  the 
.Tavaeflee  from  the  ibuth*  It  is  a  bold 
iriver,  pafllng  through  the  Cherokee 
lawns,  and  empties  into  the  Tenneflce 
fibout  40  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Clinch,  and  46  above  the  W  hirl  or  Suck, 
by  land,  but  60  by  water.  It  is  naviga- 
it>le  till  it  penetrates  the  mountains  on 
its  S.  fide.  Ore  was  found  in  thele 
jnountuns,  when  in  poireflton  of  the 
Britifli,  from  which  gold  was  extrafied. 
The  Indians  knpw  the  fpot}  but  are 


th* 


HO  I.  fii 

mA  Fm  Ut,  Mbput  7  JMk«  aboiN  Ntw- 
York  city. 

HocHELAOA,  tht  Ancient 
the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

HocKHQCKiMOf  •  rinrin 
north-weft  Ttnritory,  about  tfFenty- 
eieht  miles  b^ow  tfie  Muiiiiv«ia» 
which  it  refembles*  but  is  inferior  to 
it  in  iiae.  It  rifes  near  •  branch  of  die 
Sciota,  and  taking  a  fonth-wdl  conift 
enters  the  Ohio  at  Bdlprce,  in  N.  lat. 
3t.  57.  It  is  navigable  for  large  ftpt* 
bottomed  boGt*,  b^wecn  70  md  to 
miles }  has  fine  meadows  with  hq;h 
banks,  which  are  fekfom  ever6owcdt 
and  rich  uplands  on  its  borders.  On 
the  banks  of  this  fine  river  arc  ino* 
hauftible  quarries  if  free  ftose,  lain 
betis  of  iron  ore,  rich  mines  of  knn« 
and  coal  pits.  There  are  aifoproduAhw 
fait  fprings,  beds  of  white  and  blue  day 
of  an  excellent  quality.  Red  boittt  and 
many  othe.  ufeful  fofliU  Jiavc  boon 
found  on  the  banks  of  this  river. 

HocK<^AR,  or  HacifMortfta  ifwil 
of  Upper^anaida>  on  the  £.  fide  «f 
Lake  Superior. 

Hoo,  an  ifland  on  the  £.  6d«  of 
Lake  Champlain,  in  Franklin  fOontVf 
Vermont,  9  nriles  long,  vtd  gcneriuy 
abAut  3  broad. 

Hog,  an  iflar.'i  ia  Naraganfcat  Biqr« 
in  the  State  of  Flhode  Ifland,  about  • 
miles  in  circuniiference,  s  milea  bom 
Briftol. 

HOGOHEGE,    CaLI.AMANCO>   BWI 

Cherokee;  names  formerly  appficd 
to  Tenttejie  rhur. 

HoLDEN,  a  townfliip  in  Woiccftcr 
county,  Maflkchufetts,  was  formerly 
the  north-weftem  part  of  Woroefter« 
from  which  it  is  diftant  7  miles,  and  59 
miles  W.  of  Bofton.  It  contains  «o|o 
inhabitants.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1740.  In  the  eaithquake  in  I7S5>  ^^^"^ 
were  feveral  acres  m  land,  in  an  c^fcore 
place  in  the  N.  £.  corner  of  the  town^ 
fliip,  quite  furrounded  by  a  vifible  frac- 
ture in  the  earth,  of  a  circular  fornw 


very  anxious  to  keqp  it  a  fecret.    A    and  of  various  width  and  depth.    Tlie 


branch  of  the  Hiwaifee,  called  Amoia, 
almoft  interlocks  a  branch  of  the  Mo- 
bile. The  portage  between  them  is 
(hort,  and  the  road  firm  and  level. 
HOBBSHOLB.  See  Tttffabamiock* 
HosoKBN,  a  tnSt  of  land  in  Bergen 
county,  New-Jerfey,  fitiiated  on  the  W. 


fmall  river  there  had  its  bed  railed  fo 
as  to  occafion  a  conflderable  fall  of  wa- 
ter, where  there  wa^  little  or  none  be- 
fore. The  ftump  <^  a  tree,  that  ftood 
diieAly  over  the  chafm,  on  the  E.  was 
divided  into  two  equal  parts,  one  ftand- 
ing  on  the  outfide  of  the  chafm,  the 


bank  (^  the  Hudfon,  in  the  mountainous  I  ouer  upon  the  infide ;  but  not  oppofite 
fountiy  JMtyiffcn  th^  town  of3erf(enlto  each  oth«r|   ^   half  wUhw  the 

P4  chafia 


ff»  «<*  II  O  L 

«KlAn.  being  cwricd  five  ftet  forward, 
towards  the  river. 

HoL9EltME<8,  a  tOwnOiip  In  Grafton 
county,  New-HampAiire,  fituated  on 
theeflinem  lide  of  Pemigewaflet  riv«r, 
was  incorporated  in  1761,  and  contains 
|«9  inhabitants.  A  comer  of  Squani 
Lake  is  in  this  townfhip;  and  RattU- 
flwke  Mountain  lies  partly  in  this  and 
Sandwich  the  adjoining  townfhip  on  the 
M;  E.  It  is  64  miles  N.  N.  W.  of 
Portfhiouth. 

HOLD-WiTH-HoPE,  the  firft  land 
^ifcovered  by  Hudfon  on  the  caltem 
<,it*  o!  G(«cnLnd,  in  1607  N.  bt.  73. 

tiOL£-lN-THB-WALf.,  a  village  in 
Taibot  cdurtty,  Marylaml,  on  the  E. 
fide  of  Ch«  (apeak  Bay  j  7  >v,j!^8  eafteriy 
of  Oxford,  and  a  like'  d'ftanr:  3.  of 
Eafton. 

HotLAND,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhire 
county,  Maflachufetts,  which,  until  in- 
corporated in  1785,  was  the  E.  parifh 
of  South-firimfield,  and  is  bounded  S. 
by  Toiiand  county,  in  Conne£ticut,  E. 
by  Worcefler  county,  and  northward 
by  Britnfield.  It  contains  428  mhabi. 
tants.  and  is  75  railes  S.W.  by  W.  of 
Bofton. 

Holland  Compaivf  Lauds,  are  fitu 
ated  in  Pcnnfylvania,  on  the  navigable 
waters  of  Alleghany  river  and  French 
Creek. 

Holland's  I/landi  we  near  to,  and 
fouth  of  Hooper's  Idand  aud  Straits  in 
Chefapeak  Bay. 

Ho.<.LAND*s  Peitit,  on  the  weft  fide 
of  Chc'lapeak  Bay,  together  with  Park- 
er's Iflatid,  form  the  mouth  of  Herring 
Bay. 

MOLLIS,  the  fJiJUiffet  of  the  Indians, 
a  townihip  in  Hillfborough  county, 
New- Hampfhire,  fjtuated  on  the  Mafla- 
Cwufetts  lire,  incorporated  in  1746,  and 
concuns  144.1  inhabitants.  It  is  about 
70  miles  ^'.  W.  of  Portfroouth,  and  45 
N.  W.  of  Boftonw 

HoLLlDAYs  tjland  lies  15  miles  up 
Chowan  1  ivi  r  in  North-C^ro'lina :  thus 
far  the  river  is  three  miles  wide. 

HOLLJSTON,  tlienio(t r.nithem  town- 
ship in  Midillefex  c  unty,  Maflachufetts, 
has  Hopkinton  on  the  N.  Wrcntham 
en  tiic  E.  and  is  ^4  miles  S^  by  W.  of 
Boion.  J  he  firft  fettieiticnts  were 
made  here  in  1710,  and  in  1714  the 
town  was  incorporated  by  its  prefent 
name,  In  honour  of  Tiiomas  Hollis  of 
f.onda!i,  cne  of  the  patrons  of  Csm- 


HOM 

brid|fe  Univerfity}  and  it  now  contains 
S75  inhabitants. 

HoLSTON,  the  largcft  branch  of  Ten« 
nefTee  river,  rifes  in  Virginia,  and  joins 
that  river  s«  mileo  below  Knbxville.-  It 
is  a  large,  bold  river,  upwards  of  300 
yards  wide  at  that  to\yn,  is  about  aoo 
miles  in  length,  and  receives  in  its  courfe 
feveral  conmierahle  rivers,  viz.  from  its 
head  downwards,  Watauga,  French 
Broad,  ( which  includes  Limeifune 
Creek,  Nolachucky,  Swanano,  Big  Lau- 
rei,  and  Big  and  Little  Pigeon)  and  Lit- 
tle rivers.  I  he  ftreams  on  the  north, 
em  fide  are  creeks  of  no  great  five  or 
length  of  cuurfe.  Hoifton  is  navigable 
for  boatd  of  11,  tons  upwards'  of  100 
niilps,  as  hi??li  as  the  mouth  of  the  North 
Fork ;  at  which  place  Mi'.  David  Rofs 
has  erefled  iron  works  upon  a  large 
i'cale.  At  the  mouth  of  this  river,  on 
the  north  fide,  fta):('.5  Fort  Grainger. 
The  river  is  150  yarJs  v»ide,  16  miles 
above  the  North  Fork  at  Rofs's  iron 
works,  and  nearly  ^  above  Long-Ifland, 
^nci  inN.  lat.  36.*a7.  W.  long.  83.  8. 
See  TeniteJ'ee  and  Lon^-IJland, 

HoLsTON,  a  fettlement  on  the  river 
above  mentioned,  in  the  State  of  Ten- 
neffee,  containing  aS,649  inhabitants, 
though  in  the  year  1775  it  had  hardly 
220o;  yet  its  importance  during  the 
revolution  may  be  conceived,  when  it  is 
known  that  a  great  part  of  thofe  volun- 
teer  troops  who  attacked  and  defeat^ 
the  Britifh  and  tories  on  King's  Moun- 
tain,  who  were  commanded  by  Colonel 
Fergufon,  came  from  this  country. 

The  land  is-generally  fertile,  but  the 
face  of  the  country  is  much  broken. 
Placed  between  two  large  mountains,  it 
leldoin  fuffeis  for  want  of  rain.  .  It 
abounds  v  ith  iron  ore.  A  capii:;)  fur- 
nace and  forge  have  lately  been  erefted 
in  Holfton  near  the  Virginia  line,  i< 
bloomery  below  'he  mouth  of  Wataw- 
ga,  and  ai.other  »s  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  French  Broad.  There 
are  fundry  lead  mines  iti  the  ret(>|cmt-nt, 
one  in  jiarticular  on  the  Fr  nch  Broad, 
that  produces  75  per  cehf.  pure  lead. 
Long  Ifland  on  flolfton "  river  's  340 
•nile.  S.  W.  by  W-  of  Rifcii:riond  in 
Vji^vnia. 

iioLy  Rood,  p  bay  ^nd  pond  in 
Newfoundland  Ifland.  The  bay  is  at 
the  head  of  Conception  Bav. 

Home  a,  a  militHiy  townihip  in  Onor.. 
daga  county,  New-Vork,  on  the  head 

waters 


)nd  in 

is  at 

Onoi- 
ic  head 
v/aters 


HON 

witenof  the  N.  W.  hranch  oFChenen- 
go  river }  56  oF  its  inhabitants  are  dec- 
tor*. 

HoNA  Chitto,  a  r'/er  which  nfeii 
in  G>.-or^ia,  in  N.  Int.  31.  between 
Pearl  aiui  Looiii  Chitto  rivers,  runs 
foiitherly  115  miles,  nnd  at  the  town  of 
Manca  in  ^  eft  Florida,  a  few  miles 
from  its  mouth,  runs  W.  to  Miflifippi 
river.     N.  lat.  30.15. 

Hondo,  Rio,  a  river  of  Yucatan, 
which  empties  into  the  bay  of  Hondu- 
ras .  This  river,  by  the  peace  of  1 7  8  j , 
was  the  northern  boundary  of  the  traft 
fouthwar<}  of  Ballefle  1  iver,  granted  by 
the  Spanian!s  to  the  Britilh,  to  cut  and 
carry  away  logwood. 

HoNDB,  a  bay  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Cuba,  weftward  of  the  Ha- 
vannah. 

HoNDVRAS,  a  province  of  New 
Spain,  having  the  bay  of  its  name  and 
the  North  Sea  on  the  north}  Yucatan 
on  the  north-weft ;  and  the  Mofquito 
Shore  on  the  north-caft;  Nicarai^ua  and 
Ouatimala  on  the  fouth,  and  Vera  Paz 
on  the  weft.  It  is  about  100  leagttes 
long  nnd  80  broad.  It  abounds  with 
honey,  cotton,  fine  wool,  dye  woods 
in  paiticuiai, .  nd  has  fomegold  and  (li- 
ver mines*  1  he  rivers  overflow  like 
the  Ntlrj  and  enrich  the  land.  The  air 
is  good,  except  near  th«  lagoons  and 
low  grounds.  The  foil  in  many  parts 
bears  In<Jian  com  thrice  a  year ;  and  the 
vineyards  bear  twice  a  year ;  for  imme- 
diately after  the  vintage  they  cut  them 
again }  and  rhe  fccond  grapes  are  ripe 
before  Chriftmas.  Valladolid  is  the 
chief  town,  where  the  governor  and  bi- 
fiiop  refide.  Truxillo  is  alio  a  fine  town, 
and  very  ftrong  by  nature ;  and  Omoah 
is  ftrongly  fortified.  The  Spaniards 
claim  this  country;  but  the  Engii(h 
hw.  Iwen  long  in  poffcflion  of  the  log- 
wood traft  in  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  cut- 
ing  large  quantities  of  it  every  year.  And 
the  Mofquito  Indians  to  the  eaft  oi 
this  province  have  entered  into  treaties 
with  the  Englilh,  received  them  into 
their  country,  and  done  them  fcveral  fer- 
vices.  Befidts,  th*^  Spaniards  have  no 
forts  in  'his  bay,  or  in  the  country  of 
the  Mofquilo;i,  only  two  Imall  towns, 

Honduras,  Sea  of,  is  that  part 
of  the  Nortn  Sea  hounded  N.  by  the  II". 
Jand  of  Cuba,  S.  by  the  Mofquito  Shore, 
S.  W.  by  the  bay  of  Honduras,  W.  by 


If  O  M  '-  *|^ 

ttil  pMltlAiIa  of  Yuntan,  N.  W.  by  tlw 
gult  of  Mexico,  E.  N.  E.  by  Jtroiddl, 

and  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Honduras,  Bay  of,  noted  for  cat- 
ting of  logwood,  as  that  of  Campetchf 
formerly  was.  '  It  lies  In  the  provinc* 
of  the  fame  name,  and  opens  betwixt 
Cape  Hondm-as  in  N.  lat.  13.  30,  and 
Cape  Catoche,  the  eaftetmmoft  point  of 
Yucatan  In  N.  lat.  «i.  30.  Thedif- 
tnnce  between  thefe  capea  is  tjo  nfiilea. 
The  great  lake  of  Nicaragua  has  an 
outlet  into  it  by  the  river  Anuzelos,  or 
Angelos,  only  navigable  by  fmail  craft. 
In  this  bay  are  feveral  fmall  iflands,  par- 
ticularly the  Pearl  Iflands,  a  little  to  thtf 
north,  but  the  pearls  fiflied  up  are  not 
in  fuch  quantities  as  formerly,  nor  So 
large.  Sugar  river  alfo,  a  fmall  rivei^ 
from  Veraguas,  falls  into  it.  It  has  i^ 
name  from  the  quantity  of  fugar  works, 
with  which  the  country  abounds.  Thb 
part  of  the  country  where  the  EngliOi  cilt 
their  logwood  is  all  a  flat,  and  a  great 
part  of  If  a  morafs,  with  feveral  lagoons, 
which  are  very  often  overflown.  The 
cutters  amount  to  15  or  1600  men ;  but 
f)rm  no  regular  colony ;  yet  they  chooft 
a  chief,  who_  cannot  have  lefs,  authority, 
luxury,  or  emolument,  or  whofe  ilifc. 
jefls  are  more  difobedient.  The  quanl* 
tity  of  wood  annually  furpiflied  by  tho 
bay  has  been  valued  at  «o,ooo  tons. 
The  Engli'li  export  only  about  6,000  ; 
but  the  principal  branch  of  the  trade  was 
lately  carried  on  by  the  Dutch,  whofe 
annual  cleir  profit  uCed  to  amount  to 
ahove  90,0001.  fterling.  The  bay  is 
fprinkled  with  an  infinity  of  (hoals,  rocks 
3nd  clufters  of  drowned  idands,  which 
abound  with  great  numbers  of  green 
turtle.  There  are  feveral  channels  be- 
tween them,  among  which  a  (hip  (hould 
not  venture  without  an  experienced  pi- 
lot. The  jTi:in.iti  istreqnently  met  with 
here,  and th.t called  the  Jew-fi(h,  which 
is  ibnidthing  like  the  cod,  but  thicker 
in  proportion,  and  much  better  eating. 
Thty  have  very  broad  (cales,  and  forae 
of  them  weigh  Solhs. 

HoNHYYOE,  alakein  the  Gennefl!*ee 
country  in  New  York  State,  weftward 
of  Canandargua  Lake,  5  miles  long  and 
3  broad. 

HoNOMlNIES,  a  river  in  theN.  W, 
Territory  which  runs  S.  S.  pafterly  into 
Puan  Bay.  Between  the  head  of  thia 
ri  ver  atid  Lake  Superior  is  a  (hort  poitage. 

KOOD^ 


r  n> 


HO  f 


J901^* UtAMPt  tfneof^Iic Maraw^ 
in  yimi$i»  tbe  6o»ih  8eK»  fi>x»ll««  by 
its  difcoveKr  Caf«ai«  Coolr..  It  lie* 
Jb j^.  »i,  S>  lat.  ^  or  6  leaguea  N.  by 
Wl  of  die  mSt  fMint  of  Dominica. 

IfoOK  latANP.     See  f0iii^«y  /tMi(. 

|10f>«BT  Fa^i.  a,  or  ^aaii^i  (/2<fa//r 
ip  Merrimack  river,  juft  below  the 
>Miaoth  oSSmtaokt  7  nviles  above  Amiif- 
IWMJRallay  aiut  J  mitta  bolow  Concord, 
.saiNewJijMnpllure. 

|ii»cu(.STOWti^  a  vlllareiin  thevTcft 
^t/oiChttftk^y  in  Marylamj,  in 
BalUaaore  county,  6 i^nUca  N»  W.  of  the 
JtPfvm  of  Baltimore. 

HooxT<xwii>  a  ^lafc  on  the  eafl; 
Jdoof  CbefapeakBav,  in  Talbot  county, 
AfaryJand,  liea  noiih  of  Ealton,  and  S. 
W.  of  WiUiamiburg,  nearly  3  milea 
J^RtfDcafrh. 

BoAFER'a  ItXAMoand  Straitb  lie 
«n  tbe  eaft  iidc  of  .Chefapeak  Bay,  and 
40  the  S>  W.  coaft  of  Dorchefter  county, 
iiffarylaqd*  TJkte  ifland  ia  7  milea  long, 
mi  a|ib|coad. 

IIOoaAicje,  »  river  of  New>York 
Wibicb  fall*  jinto  tlie  Hudfon  from  the 
Mft,  about  8  miles  above  the  city  of 
lABfinburgh.  It  ril'ea  in  Berkmire 
(COimty»  Mainijchufetts,  runs  north-weil> 
.crjy  tnrot^gh  Pownal  in  Vermont,  thence 
into  ^^iear^Yock  State.  Its  length  is 
vbo^t  4e4mles.  Hie  curious  mill -ftream 
Mlkd  Kudfon'a^-ook,  which  falls  into 
m  north  branch  of  Hoofack,  is  defcribed 
J9  the  accountof4^a«u,  InMaflachufetts. 

Ilppz,  a  :vU,lage  in  Suflex  county, 
Jblcw-Jcriey,  vnthepoft-road'from  New- 
town to  Eafton  inPennfylvam.,,  i  6  miles 
$.  W.  of  the  fomxer,  and  ao  N.  E.  of 
;the  latter.  It  i^  inhabited  by  about  100 
<>f  the  Moravian  United  Brethren. 

JjloPE,  a  bay  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
.N.  America,  io  named  by  Capt.  Cook. 
The  (entrance of  Nootka,  or  St. George's 
^oimd,  ia  (ituated  in  the  eaft  comer  of 
fjififc  Bay,  m  Id.  lat.  49.  33.  E.  long. 

J^Oftf  a  Moravian  rettlemeiu  in  Wa- 
chovia, in  N.Carolina,  in  Surry  county, 
jwb^  if  a  meeting-houfe  of  tbe  United 
.^rethrejQ. 

^,9^,  a  finall  ifland  in  Narraganfet 
Bay,  State  of  Rhode  Idrmd. 

Hofinm^i,  or  HopkiufvUUt  a  townfliip 
jKt  CMiedonia  county,  m  Vermont,  was 
jjranti^d  to  Dr.  iIopJc.ina;  1 1  miles  north- 
am4  of  ^b/e  lUpper  bar  0^' the  Fatten  Mile 
$^  b?  Comie&icul  river* 


HOR 

HofKiNTOV,  « townlhipin  HUb^ 
cough  county^  New-ilampOiire,on  Con- 
toocook  river,  f  mileii  S.  W.  from  it# 
confluence  with  the  Merrimack,  and  di« 
vided  from  ConcorcTon  tha  eaft«  by  the 
Rockingham  county  line. ,  Itwas^irft 
granted  Dy  MaiTachufetts,  was  incorpo* 
rated  in  1765,  and  contains  i,7isinhab- 
itanta,  who  are  chiefly  formers.  It  ia 
4«  miles  E.  by  S.  of  CharleAown  on  Con- 
ne6Ucot  river,  ^  fbowt  64.  Wf  by  N. 
ofPortimouth*    -  ,.^; 

UopjUNTON.  a  townihip  in  Middle- 
fex  county,  Maflachufetta*  It  .vas  in- 
corporated in  171 5,  amd  contaius  1317 
inhabitants.  The  rivers  Conconi,  pro- 
vidence and  Charles  receive  each  of  them 
a  branehirom  this  town  t  Thefe  ilreams 
fumiA  feats  for  7  or  8  griftmills)  a  num- 
ber of  faw- mills,  iron-works,  &c. 

HorJCi  MTON,  a  townihip  in  Waflung- 
tM  county,  Rhode- Iflana,  fitnated  on 
the  weft  line  of  the  State,  on  fitveraj 
branches  of  Pawcatuck  river.  It  coa- 
tains  %^6t  inliabitantSf  including  7  flavef  • 

HoPEWGLL,  a  townOiij)  in  Cumbeiu 
land  county,  in  the  Provmce  of  New*- 
Brunfwick,  iituatcd  on  Chepodie  river* 
which  runa  eafierly  into  a  northern  aim 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  aiud  ia  navigabk 
4  or  5  milea. 

Hope  WE  LL,  the  name  of  j  towmflupii 
in  Pennfylvania,  viz.  in  Yoiky''  Hunt- 
ingdon, and  Walhington  coimties. 

HOPEWSLL,  a  townihip  in  lilMnter- 
don  countyi  New-Jerfey,  fituated  on 
Delaware  river,  14.  miles  W.  of  Prince- 
town,  J I  above  Trenton  and  30  fouth- 
wefterly  of  New- Brunfwick.  It  con- 
tains  9310  inhabitants,  including  932 
flaves.  Another  townihip  of  this  tume 
lies  in  Cumberland  county,  in  New- 
Jerfey. 

Horn,  Cppe^  the  ibutbcm  extremity 
of  Terra  del  Fuego,  and  of  SputluAme.. 
riea,  was  Eift  failed  round  in  |6i6,  and 
the  ftraits  were  difcovered  in  i64>3.  S« 
lat.  55.  58.  W.long.  67,  %f. 

HoAK,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  Weft 
Florida,  between  Ship  ano  Malfacrc 
iflands .  Horn  ifland  is  nearly  1 7  miM 
long  and  about  half  a  mile  wide*.  There 
are  more  trees  on  the  middle  of  the 
ifland  than  in  any  other  part  of  it  j  and 
for  about  3  miks  from  the  eaft  end  there 
arc  no  trees  at  all ;  but  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  fandy  hillocks. 

Horn-town, a  village  in  Matjlan^, 
31  miles  from  Snow  hill,  a6  fromDruin- 

mgnd. 


n0v 

«r  AfcoNMck  ceiirt.lMmCt»  In 
Wk^t  Md  lit  fam  PhiiMMphk. 

H<»RiKNBCK»viii.P'POiiNT,  arwuid 
Muff  on  the  coi^ft  of  Onchwrich  town- 
Ihtp  in  XZonncAJcuftt  •  milM  E.  of  the 
New- York  line  •!  Byraro  river. 

UoMKKBOK,  apoint  of  Unitionthc 
iMKth  iide  of  Long-Ifland,  between 
llM'e  Neck  and  RafUn'e  Neck. 

UoiiaBNBCK,  a  town  in  Fairfield 
•ounty,  Conncfticut,  called  by  the  Ia> 
dians  ?«i  bomjhig,  waa  fettled  in  i6So. 
It  Uea  6  milea  N.  E.  «f  Rye,  in  Weft. 
CheMcr  county,  New- York  State.  A 
bloody  battle  was  fought  here  between 
the  Dutch  and  the  Indians,  in  1646.  The 
Dutch  with  great  difficulty  obtained  the 
viftory.  Great  numbers  were  ilain  on 
both  Tides }  and  their  gravea  appear  to 
this  day.  It  is  S3  miles  S.W.  oiNew- 
Saven,  and  3,7  N.E.  of  New- York  city. 

HdasENBCK,  a  village  in  Eflexco. 
New.  Jeriey,  on  the  fouthem  bank  of  Paf- 
faic  river  above  the  Little  Falls,  4  miles 
S.W.  by  S.  of  the  town  of  Patteri'on. 

Horsham,  a  townfliip  in  Montgo- 
mery couniy,  Pennfylvania. 

HoRTON,  a  townfliip  in  King's  co. 
Nova^otia. '  Salmon  river  runs  thro' 
Horton,  ami  fupplies  the  bhabitants 
with  trxcellent  falmon. 

HosACK,  or  Noofaekt  a  townfliip  in 
ReniTelaer  county.  New. York,  fituated 
on  the  eaftem  boundary  of  the  State, 
contains  3035  bhabitants,  4x9  of  whom 
are  eleAors. 

HoTTS,  a  mountain  in  the  wefteni 
part  of  the  fouthem  penlnfula  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 

Hot  Spring.    See  Virguua. 

HovouB,  La,  a  little  fort  fituated  t 
leagues  beyond  the  Havannah,  in  the 
iflaiid  of  Cuba.  From  hence  veflels  he. 
gin  to  dilcover  La  Pain  de  Matance,  a 
mountain  whofe  top  refembles  an  oven 
or  a  loaf.  It  ferves  (ailors  to  know  the 
Bay  of  Matance  by,  which  is  about  14 
ileagues  from  the  Havannah. 

Howe,  Arf,  on  St.  John's  river  in 
New-Bninfwick,  is  capable  of  contain- 
■ing  100  msn. 

Haws's  IJUrndt  in  the  South  Sea,  was 
idifcQvered  by  Captain  Wallis,  July  30, 
xi^7'  Smoke  was  feen  to  arile  from 
ft,  but  no  inhabitants  could  be  difcem- 
cd.    S.  lat.  16.  46.  W.  long.  154.  %, 

HouAHRiNB,  one  at  the  Society 
Iflands,  in  the SonthSea,  8.  latf  iC 
44*  W*  long*  151.  1} 


nt 


HUB 

llMrMHO**  Arry^  is  Ihe 

E.of  the  wRtKM  that  AmnteRhod** 
idfnaitlwiiiainlMd.  ItisaboHt 
a  auarter  of  a  mOe  wide.  TJhe  bsUf* 
built  aonoA  this  fttait  coft  tOMOoodqU 
tars,  and  wai»  carried  away  km  « tmm 
in  January,  1796.    It  is  tdMiut. 

HouMTOMiCK,  a  river  of  Camee* 
ticut,  in  the  Indian  languafi  fiflatfying 
¥uer  tbt  mnrntmut  1  iies  oy  two  Jources  | 
the  one  in  LanciborouKh.  the  «tfacr  «i 
Windior,  both  in  BcclUhiiia  coianty, 
MaOlaobafetts.  Theft  branches  fiiinn  « 
junAion  near  Salilbury,  and  the  fiver  af- 
ter  pafltnp[  through  a  number  of  towns* 
empties  itfelf  into  Long-Ifland  Sound* 
between  Stratford  and  Miltbud  in  Con- 
ncA'icut.  It  is  navigable  about »  a  umeff 
to  Derby.  A  bar  of  flicUs,  however* 
at  its  .mouth,  obiirufts  tl>?  navigation  ^ 
Urge  veflels.  In  this  river^  between 
SafiiburY  and  Canaan,  is  ■.%.  cataratt* 
where  the  water  of  the  whole  rivci;* 
which  is  1 50  yards  wide,  falls  perpeni^ 
dicularly  60  fiwt. 

H0V8B  OF  THB  Dbvil.  $ee  £«lr 
Qnttar'w. 

UovAKiLA,  a  name  by  (bme  appluql 
to  the  N.  £.  branch  of  Illinois  jnver*^ 
SeeTlcAliii, 

HuBBARDSTON,  a  townfliip  in  WoTp 
cefter  counM,  MafliichtUetts,  and  finWf 
ed  the  N.  £.  quarter  of  Rutland,  until 
incorporated  in  1767.  It  borders  oq 
the  weftem,part  bf  WachufetHIll,  and 
contains  933  inhabitants.  It  is  10  milea 
N.  W.  of  Worcefler,  and  60  W^  of 
Bofton. 

HuBBAiRDTON,  a  finall  river  rifing 
in  the  N.  part  of  this  iownfliip,  nor 
ticeable  only  for  its  5  falls  which  nirpii^ 
o^cellent  mill-feats. 

II  vBBERTOii,  a  townfli'q)  in  Rutlan4 
county,  Vermont.  It  contains  404  ior 
habitanu,  and  lies  50  miles  N.  of  Beoi* 
nington. 

Hudson's  Bay  took  its  name  fron 
Heniy  Hudfon,  who  difcavered  it  ip 
1610.  It  lies  between  5  s  and  6  5  degreep 
of  N.  latitude.  The  eaftern  boumlaiy 
of  the  Bay  is  Terra  de  Labrador }  the 
northern  part  has  a  ftralgkt  coaft,  fa. 
cing  the  bay,  guarded  with  a  line  of 
ifles  innumerable.  A  vaft  bay,  called 
the  Archiwinnipy  Sea,  lies  witliin  it* 
and  opens  into  Hudfon's  Bay,  by  meanp 
of  Gulf  Hazard,  through  which  the 
Beluga  whales  pafs  in  great  numbers.. 
The  cntru^e  pf  the  bay  him  the  At- 

lautic 


iStf 


h  UD 


Imck  OcMtn,  ifbr  leavinp,  to  thcN. 
Ckpe  FarewvU  vni  Daivii**  Straitt,  ii 
feetwecii  Rclolution  Iflei  on  the  north, 
•ft)  Button**  Iflct,  on  the  Lghrador  coafl, 
to  the  ibutli,  forming  the  e;|(lfm  ex< 
tremityofHudfon'B  Strain.  Thecoafh 
trc  ▼cry  high,  i.ocky  an<l  ruj^ged  ar  top; 
in  feme  place*  pred|>itous,  not  fome- 
tsnet  exhihit  extenlivs  heachei.    The 
iflanda  of  Satilbinyi  Notrtngham,  anct 
IXgarea  are  rtry  lofty  and  leaked.   The 
fieptn  of  water  in  the  middle  of*  the  hay 
is  140  fathomi.    From  Cape  Churchill 
tn  the  (bath  end  of  the  hny,  are  regular 
ionmliitga ;  near  the  (horr,  (hallow,  with 
ninddjr  or  ikmly  hottom.   To  the  north- 
ward of  Churchill,  the  foundings  are 
irregular*  the  bottom  rocky,  and  in  fome 
part*  the  rocks  appear  above  the  furface 
at  low  water.    Hiidfbn's  B«y  ii  reckon- 
ed about  300  leagues  wide,  from  north 
to  fouth.    Its  breadth  is  unequal,  being 
af)out  130  leagues  where  broadelt;  but 
it  grow*  narrower  at  both  extremities, 
heing  not  much  above   35  leagues  in 
Ibme  places.     In  the  account  of  New- 
Britam,  we  have  given  a  general  account 
of  the  Huiifon's  Bay  Companies  fettle- 
ments  on  both  fules  of  James's  Bay. 
The  commerce   in  the  countrie*  adja- 
cent to  this  inland  Tea  is  in  the  hands  of 
an  exclufive  Britifli   Company  of  its 
name,  who  employ  only  four  fhips,  and 
»3o   Teamen.     Tne    tdrts,    Prince   of 
Wafes,  Churchill  river,  Nelfon,  New 
Severo,  tind  Albany,  are  garrifoned  by 
t86  men.    The  French,  m  178 «,  took 
and  dcliroyed   theli;  fettlemcnt;i,    See. 
laid  to  amount  to  the  valae  of  ^500,000 
IJerlmg.     The  Company'*  exports  are 
to  the  amount  of  ;^.  16,000,  moltly  the 
drugs  of  the  marker,  which  produce  re- 
tnnis,  chiefly  in  beaver  ikins  and  rich 
furs,  to  the  value  of  ^.19,000  ;  yield- 
ing'  government    a    clear    revenue   of 
jC'1734-'     This  includes  the  filhery  in 
Wtullon's  Bay.     The  (kins  and  hirs 
"procured   by  this  trade,  when  manu- 
♦a^lutcd,    laflford    articles    for    trading 
wi:h  many  nations  of  Europe  to  great 
advantage.' 

Hudson**  Strait,   or  Frobi/ber's, 
Wjlaken  Strait,  which  leads  into  Hud- 
Ion's    Bay,  in  a  wefterly  courfe  is  76 
miles  wide,  between  Cape  ChKlley  and 
the  S.  point  of  Refolution  Kland. 

Hudson's  House,  one  of  the  Hud- 
ibn's  Bay  Company's  fa6lories  in  N. 
Amcricai  lies  on  tke  S.  W«  fide  of  Suf- 


HUtt 

kafhiwin  river,  leo  miles  eall  of  Man<i 
cheffer  HoulV.  and  167  8.  B.  byE.  of 
Buckin^^fham  Houft.  N.  lat  53.  o.  jst 
W.  long.  106.  «7.  »o. 

HtTDsON  RitBR   oaflTe*  its  whok 
courfe  in  the  State  of  New- Yni-fc,  and  is 
one  of  the  largeft  and  fined  river*  in 
the  United  States.  It  rifes  in  a  mountain* 
ous  couiUry,  between  ihr  like*  Ontari* 
and  Champlain.     In  it*  courfe  lbuth« 
eaftcrly  it   approachc*    within   6   or  t 
•niles  of  lake  George ;  then,  after  a  (horC 
courfe  E.  turn*  foutherly,  and  receives 
the  Sacondaga  from  the  S.  W.  which 
heads  in  the  neighlwurhooil  of  Mohawk 
river.     The  courfe  of  the  rivtr  thence 
to  New-York,  where   it  empties  into 
York  Bay,  Is  very  imiformly  S.  i».  or 
15  W.     Its  whole  length  is  about  150 
miles.    From  Albany  to  lake  George  is 
65  milri.     This  diAance,  the  river  i* 
navigftbic  only  for  hatteaux,  and  has 
tvMO  portage*,  occafioned   by  falls,  of 
h  if  a  mile  each.     The  banks  of  Hud- 
fon's    river,    efpecially  on   the  wefteru 
fnkf  as  far  as  the  highland*  extend,  are 
chiefly  rocky  cliffs.     The  pafllige  thro^ 
the  highlands,  which  is  16  or  18  miles, 
affords  a  wild  romantic  fcene.     In  thi* 
narrow  pais,  on  each  fide  of  which  the 
mountains  tower  to  a  great  height,  the 
wind,  if  there  be  any,  is  colleftrd   and 
comprefled,   anti  blows  continually  as 
through  a  bellows  1  vellels,  in  pafHng 
through   it  are  often  obliged  to  lower 
their  fails.  The  bed  of  thi*  river,  which 
i*  deep  and  fmooth  to  an  aftonifbing 
diftance,  through  a  hilly,  rocky  coun- 
try, and  even  through  ridges  of  fome  of 
the   higheft   mountains  in  the  United 
States,  mull  undoubtedly  have  been  pro- 
duced by  fome  niiglity  convulfion  in  na- 
ture.   The  tide  flows  a  few  miles  above 
Albany,  which  i*  160  miles  from  New. 
York.     It  is  navigable  for  floops  of  80 
ton*  to  Albany,  and  for  fhips  to  Hud- 
ion.     Ship  navigation  to  Albany  is  in- 
terrupted by  a  number  of  iflands,  and 
fhoals  6  or  8  miles  below  the  clty<,  call- 
ed the  Overjlaugb.    It  has  been  in  con- 
templation to  confine  the  river  to  one 
channel,  by  which  means  it  will  be  deep- 
ened, and  the  difficulty  of  approaching 
Albany  with  Vcflels  of  a  larger  fize,  be 
removed.     About  60  mite*  above  New- 
York  the  water  becomes  frcfh.     The 
river  is  llored  with  a  variety  of   fifh, 
which  renders  a  fummer  palfige  to  AI- 
banyt  delightful  and  ^nt^mg  to  thpfe 

wh« 


w 


H  U  D 

who  ire  fond  of  sngUng .  The  tdnn- 
tafca  of  tht«  river  Ibr  ctcryiag  on  the 
Air  trade  with  CwiaJat  by  meant  of  the 
lakes,  are  very  great.  It*  convenience* 
for  internal  commcrcf  pre  fingulaily 
happy.  The  produco  of  th«  rentoteii 
forme  k  eafily  and  IpeetSily  conveyed  to 
a  certain  and  frofitabic  mai-ket,  and  at 
tlie  bweii  expenfe.  In  thie  i-efpe^l, 
New-Voik  hu  greatly  tbie  advani^gfc 
of  Philadelphia.  A  great  proportion  of 
the  produce  of  Pennlylvania,  la  canied 
tp  market  in  waggun*,  over  a  yreat  ex- 
tent of  country,  (ome  of  which  i«  rough  i 
hence  it  ia  that  Philadelphia  it  crowded 
with  waggons,  carts,  horfev  and  their 
drivers,  to  do  the  i'ame  bufiners  that  is 
done  in  New- York,  where  all  the  pro- 
duce  of  the  country  is  brought  to  mar- 
ket by  water,  with  much  Ic-iti  (hew  and 
parade.  But  Philadelphia  has'other  ad- 
vantages, to  coinpenfate  for  this  natu- 
ral  defe^.  The  incrrafuig  ppuUtion 
of  the  fertile  laiuls  upon  the  northern 
branches  of  the  Hudlon,  mud  annually 
incrcafe  the  amazing  wealth  that  is  con- 
veyed by  its  waters  to  New  York.  The 
northern  and  weftern  canals,  when  com- 
pleted will  be  or'  incalculable  advantage 
to  the  trade  of  this  State. 

Hudson's  Rivrr,  abroad  but  (hort 
river  t- mptying  Into  Chefaueuk  Bay,  in 
Dorchefter  county,  Maryland.  HiH\ 
Point,  N.  E.  of  it,  [hapes  the  broad 
niouth  of  the  river. 

,  Hudson  Citv,  a  port  of  entry  and 
Boll-town,  iituated  in  Columbia  county, 
New-Yurk,  on  the  ead  fide  of  Hudfon's 
river  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany,  and 
ijx  north  of  New- York  city.  The 
limits  of  the  corporation  include  a  fcjuare 
mile,  and  its  privileges  as  a  purt  oi  en< 
try  extend  no  farther.  In  the  autumn 
of  17X3,  Meflis.  Seth  and  Thomns  Jen- 
kins, from  Providence,  in  the  Stace  of 
Rhodc-Idand,  fixed  on  the  unlettled 
(pot,  whereoH  this  city  Itands,  for  a 
town,  to  which  the  city  is  navigable  for 
I'eiTck  of  any  fize.  Tiie  city  is  laid  out 
into  large  iquares,  bordering  on  the 
river,  and  dividitl  into  jo  lots.  Other 
adventiu'ers  were  admitted  to  propor- 
tions, and  the  town  was  laid  out  in 
fquares,  fonneil  by  fpac>' "  iv'-eets, 
croitng  each  other  at  right  angles. 
Each  iqiiare  contains  )o  lota,'  two  deep, 
divided  by  a  ao  feet  alley.     Each  lot  is 

;o  feet  in  front,  and  no  feet  in  depth. 

a  kit  ,fpi  ing  of  1 7  84,  fcTcral  houfei  and 


I 


HUDi  «ir. 

torn  were  ereaed. .  The  incrttA  o» 
the  town  from  thU  period  to  the  ipriig 
of  i7tfi,  two  jreah  only,  wai  aAonifli. 
ingjy  rapid,  and  itileiSe  mat  honoor 
upon  the  enterprifing  aiuf  perfevertug 
Ipirit  of  the  original  fouodcrs.    lu  the 
(uacc  of  time  juft  nleittloBed  no  !«& 
than  1 50  dvrellinrrhourea  befidet  ftope* 
barns  and  other  nuitdingi,  fovT  ware 
huufea,    feveral    wharvef,    ijpcmaceti 
works,  a  covered  rope-walk,  and  on* 
of  the  beft  diftilleries  in  America,  were 
tTe£>ed,  and  1,500  foiiU  coljcAed  on  a 
fpot,  which  three  years  before,  wis  im- 
proved as  a  farm,  and  but  two  year*  be- 
fore began  to  be  built.    Its  increaCi 
fiiice  haa  been  very  rauid }  %  printing- 
office  has  been  eitabliliied,  and  fcveial 
fmblie  buildings  have  been  ercdled,  be- 
ides  dwelling  lioufes,  (lores.  Sec,  .  The 
inhabitants  are  plentifully,  and  conve- 
niently fupplied  with  water,  brought  to 
theu*  cellars  in  wooden  pipes,  trum  a 
fpring  two  miles  from  the  town.    'It 
has'  a  large  bay  to  the  fouthwanl,  'and 
(lands  on  an  eminence  from  which  are 
extenCive  and  delightful  views  to  the 
N.  W.     N.  and  round  that  way  to  tlu 
S.E.  confifting  of  hills  and  valhes,  va- 
riegated with    wowls    and    orchards, 
corn-fields  and  meadows,  wjth  the  riy« 
er,  which  is  in  mod  places  a  mile  over, 
and  may  be  fecn  a  confiderable  diftance 
to  the  northward,  forming  a  number  of 
bays  and  creeks.  From  the  S.E.  to  the 
S.w.  the  city  is  fcreened  with  hills,  at 
different  diftances,    and  wed,  afar  off 
over  the  river  and  a  large  valley,  the 
profpe^  is  bounded  by  a  chain  of  (lu- 
pendous  mountains,  called  the  Katts 
kill,  running  to  the  W.  N.  W.  which 
add  magnificence  and  (ublimity  to  the 
whole  (cene.     Upwards  of  |ioo(lcighs 
entered  the  cltv  daily,  for  feveral  days 
topethrr,    in    I'ebruary,   1786,  loaded 
with  grain  of  various  kinds,  boards  (hin^ 
gles,  (laves,  hoops,  iron  ware,  (lone,  for 
building,  fire-wooti,  and  lundry  arti<^e» 
of  provifion  for  the  marker,  from  which 
(bme  idt-a  may  be  formed  of  tlie  advan- 
tage of  irs  (ituation,  with  refi>e£l  to  the 
country  adjacent,  which  is  every  way 
cxtenfive  and  fertile,  particularly  wcd- 
ward.      The    original    prdpvieturs  of 
Hudibn,  offered  to  purchale  a  trnfl  of 
land  adjoining  the  fuu  h  pnrt  of  the 
city  of  Albany,  and  wcrec>n(l  rained,  by 
a  refufal  of  the  propofuion.  to  beco'ne 
competitors  tor  the  comai-.Tce  of  the 

northern 


■dttnckw  COluiCVyt  Taen  otntfiVift  tti^' 
wotold  have  addtd  |tN«riMalth  nd  eon- 
ftqaeiKetoAiiiiBy.  Tlieit  ir  a  bank 
hutt  called  Bank  o^  Colbmbia»  whofe 
oijj^fali.'^v  notexeeed  rtfo,oeo dollar.. 
lit »  oompofed  of  400  ihareS}  at  400  dol- 
krs  eath.  Hud&n  dtf  U  governei'  by 
armayof,  recorder,.  4  :Mertiitti»  4  afllft- 
am*,  and  a  naifri)er  of  other  officer*. 
rThe  number  of  inhabitanta '  in  Htuffln 
^cnvMflifi  by  the  cenfu*  of  >79e>  a- 
mmtntedro  a>5S4»  including'  V93  flaves } 
^ad  is  «*^peairs  ht  the  State  cenfui  of 
S796  that  33S  or  the  inhabitanta  are 
defton.  Hudfon  city  it  4  mile*  S. 
W.  of  Claverack)  47  nonh  of  Pough- 
tecpfiei  and  43  footk  of  Lanfinburg. 

iiVGMSCBVRO)  a  town  in  Northum- 
tfierland  county,  Pnuifylvania,  called  nl- 
f6  Catanuefyt  being  lituated  at  the 
mouth  of  Catawe%  creek,  s5  miles  N. 
X*  of  ^luibory.  It  contains  about  60 
baqtlfoine  houfes,  and  a  meeting-houfe 
lor  Friends.  It  is  144  rnilti  N.  W.  of 
iniiladelphia.    N.  lat.  40.  54. 

Hxjr  L,  an  inconfidierable  town  in  Suf- 
folk county,  or.  the  fouth  fide  of  Bofton 
barbour,  MafTachufetts,  containing  i2u 
inhabitants.  On  the  fort  on  the  eaft 
hill  theve  is  a  well  funk  yO  feet,  which 
cbniTnonly  has  9o  odd  fc.t  of  water. 

HuMAS,  an  Indian  village  on  the  eaft 
Xde  of  Miffifippi  river  in  Louifinna,  60 
miles  above  New-Orleans.  The  Hu- 
mas  were  fcrinerly  a  conHderable  na- 
tion, but  about  1770  were  reduced  to 
about  15  warriors.  The  Alabamas, 
w!  ofe  villages  are  near  thofe  of  the  liu- 
mas,  had,  at  the  above  period,  about  30 
warriors,  and  followed  the  French  here 
when  they  at  indoned  the  poll  on  Ala- 
bama river  in  176a.  The  Cbetimachap 
liave  about  37  warrio's. 

H17MFER,  a  river  of  Newfoundland 
Iflaiui,  which  empties  into  the  c;u!f  of 
iC.JLaw rente  through  ihe  bay  of  I(land«. 

■vMMii!  'sTowNi  a  thriving  town 
Ifa  Oauphine  county,  Fcnnfylvania,  con- 
.taining  a  Gemian  Lutheran  church  and 
ftbout  90  houfes  >  fiikuated  on  the  fouth 
fde  of  Swvtaia  creek,  6  miles  north  of 
1iiii:1dIetown,  10  E.  by  N.  of  Harrif. 
burg,  ai'-d  100  weft  north-r<eft  of  Phi- 
Iadeif)hia. 

HuNGCRFCRO,  a  townfliip  in  Frank- 
lin ccunty,  Vermont,  containi:ig  40  in- 
inbitanis,  7  miles  ibuth  of  the  Cmada 
Sue  atul  14  "juc  of  Lake  Champlain. 

KuNOERCREEicaAreiunwhichear- 


Het  tlte  vjtriouf  water  natdiiiiaryi  Iht&f 
new  and  IhriviiMr  mamiftAttrinf^  txmat 
of  Hamilttm,  Ketween  ilibanjr  and' 
ScheneAady,  New-Tork. 

Hu.>ittR,  Fort,  at  milei  wipft  elf 
Scheneftady,  on  the  ibiith  fida  of  Mb*' 
hawk  river*  at  the  month  ^iBchohai'y' 
Creek,  over  which  a  bridge  is  abopt  xct 
be  bnih-.  Here  is  an  old  church  built; 
in  the  reien  of  Htieen  Ann,  and  3  or  4' 
houfes.  At  thi  |>i^crwas  the  Old  Mo* 
hawk  town^  wh:ch  war  abandbncd  by 
that  nation  as  late' as  the  (bring  of  i7Sor 
Thele  Indians  had  made  confiderabic* 
advancn^  in  civiliaatiD»«-coald  general- 
ly fpeak  theEngliib  language,  and  num- 
bers of  them  made  profemon  of  theii* 
faith  ia  the  Chriftian  religion*  Ita  the' 
church  which  is  now  ftandmg,  they  ufedf 
to  attend  public  worlhip  in  the  Epifco-* 
pal  form.  Thefe  Indiana  are  now  fet«> 
tied,  a  part  of  them  on  Grand  river,  a 
northern  water  of  Lake  Erie,  and  a  part' 
of  them  in  another  part  of  Upper  Ca- 
nada. None  of  this  nation  now  re- 
main in  the  United  States.  The  fathei^ . 
of  the  only  remaining  famUy  was  drown- 
ed in  17S8. 

Hunterdon  CouHty,  in  New-JerTey^ 
is  bounded  N.  by  that  of  Morris,  E.  by 
Somerfet,  S.  E.  by  Burlingtoa,  S.  W. 
and  W.  by  Delaware  river,  which  fepa- 
rates  it  from  the  State  of  Pennfylvania. 
and  N.  W.  by  Suflex  county.  It  is 
about  40  miles  long,  and  3s  broad,  isr 
divided  into  10  townlhips,  and  contains 
so,a53  inhfibitants,  including  1,301 
flaves.  On  the  top  of  Mulkonetcong 
mountain  m  this  ccunty,  is  a  noted  me- 
dicinal fpring,  much  retorted  to.  It  if- 
fues  from  the  fide  cf  a  mountain  into  ait 
artificial  refervoirf  for  the  accomoda- 
tion of  thofe  who  wifh  to  bathe  in?  aa 
well  as  to  drink,  the  waters.  It  is  ar 
ftrcHig  chalybeate.  Trenton  is  the  chief 
town. 

Hvnterstowm,  a  village  of  Penn- 
fylvania, fituated  in  York  county,  zc 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  York-Town. 

Hvwtinq-Creek,  in  Virginia,  runs 
eaft  into  Patowmack  river,  at  the  £outh 
comer  of  the  territory  of  Columbia. 

Hunting-Creek-Town,  a  village 
in  thenuiiiiem  part  of  Dotchefter  coun- 
ty, Maryland';  14  miles  N.  N.  W.  of 
Vienna,  z6  S.  by  W.  of  Denton,  an<l  it 
N.  E.  of  Cambridge. 

Huntingdon  Colkgel  See  Gtor^ia, 

Huntingdon,   an  cxtenGve    and 

mountainous 


H  U  R 

irimAndnoos  comtj  in  Tenti^lvMa;,' 
koanded  N.  tad  N.  W.  by  Lywcmingf 
•dumy,  E.  and  H.  E.  by  Mifltin,  8;  E. 
bjr  f  rankRn,  S.  an.l  3,  W.  hy  BedfiMTd 
add  flonwrfet,  atti  vrtft  by  Weftmorc- 
land.  It  it  aboat  75  miles  bttg  and  39 
broad)  tontaim  a,43«,96o  acres  <^ 
landy  divided  into  7  tewnfliips,  wliith 
contain  7,56$  inhabitants.  Limellaae, 
ifon  ore  and  lead  ar«  found  here.  A 
furaace  and  two  forget  mumfiifture 
conTideraUe  qtiantities  of  pig  and  bar 
itcn,  and  lioltow  ware{  large  works 
lisve  alfo  been  eftahliflied  for  manufac- 
tiiring  of  lead.  Chief  town,  HoDtlng- 
doB. 

HuirriiiODOK,  the  capital  of  the 
above  county,  fituated  on  the  N.  E. 
fide  of  Juniatta  river,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  Standing  Stone  creek,  50  miles  fixim 
the  month  of  Juniatta,  contains  about 
^  houfes,  a  court-houfe,  and  gaol.  It 
It  about  23  miles  W.  8.  W.  of  Lewis 
Town,  and  1S4  W.  N.  W.  of  Phila. 
delphia. 

HvNTiNoo&N,  a  poft-town  on  the 
north  fide  of  Long  Ifland,  New- York, 
fituated  at  the  head  of  a  bay  in  Suffolk 
county,  which  fets  up  fouth  from  the 
found,  contains  about  70  hotifes,  a  Fref^ 
byterian  and  Epiicopal  church.  It  is 
ii  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New- York  city. 
It  is  oppofite  to  N.  'k  in  Connecti- 
cut, aiui  contains  3,200  ^habitants;  of 
tiiefe,  5SS  are  ekftors,  ai3  flaves. 

Huntingdon,  a  townlhip  in  York 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Huntington,  a  townfliip  in  Pair< 
fteM  county,  Conneftirat,  feparated 
from  Derby  on  the  north-eaft  by  Strat- 
ford river. 

HvNTtN&-T0WN,  a  vilh^  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay  m  Mary. 
land,  fituated  on  the  S.  £.  fide  of  Hunt- 
ing Creek^  in  Calvert  county,  'j  miles 
M.  by  W.  of  Prince  Frederick,  luul  12 
E.  N.  E.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

HuNTSBURG,  a  townfliip  in  Frank 
Kn  county,  in  Vermont.     It  is  fituat«i 
«n  the  Caiiada  line,  having  46  inliabit- 
•ats. 

HuKTsriLLB,  a  poft-town  in  North- 
Carolina,  10  miles  from  Bcthania,  and 
16  iVom  Rockford. 

HuKEa  Y,  a  townOtip  in  V\Aer  eotin- 
ty.  New. York,  containing  847  inhabit* 
|mt8{  of  whom  116  are  eleftors,  and 
S45  flaves.  The  eompaCl  part  con- 
taiai  jriwiic  }•  IftnSnp  btuaMd  Vkl^ 


Gi itai,  ^ibdot  itAle*  tinm  iSie iMt 
tik  of  HtatckTi  river,  Ml  too  tlMtt 
of  Kew.YbrK.    The  lands  aromd  it 
artf&Hf  MdJutik,  brit  infofM  mUdt' 
wild  onions. 

HvnoNf  one  of  the  five  principal 
northern  lakes.   It  lies  between  4}.  )o« 
and  47.  30.  N.  lat.  9Ad  between  So.  45. 
and  <4.  45.  W.  long,  and  it  reckoned, 
to  be  upwahl*«f  <oo«r  mile^  in  drcMM 
ference.    The  fiAi  are  of  tie  fiunir  kual- 
as  in  LalMr  Superior,  and-iC  OonanHnti- 
cates  vrith  that  lake  tikrmgh  tltt  ftraii# 
of  St.  Marie  on  tbeK.  W.  witb  MicM^ 
gtm  on  the  W.  and  with- Erie  on  the  Si 
It  is  of  a  triangular ihapcf,  and  onrtbe  Sr 
W.  part  is  Sagumun  or  Sagana  bay,  9#- 
miles  in  length,  and  about  ttaeiaim 
breadth ;  the  otherraoft  remaiffcable  baf^ 
it  Thunder  Bayi  which  fee—atfo  (e# 
MMMtauihi  Jfland,  and  NRchiUuttaittiM'- 
ack.    On  the  banks  of  the  fake  afi# 
found  amaxnig  quantities  of  land'  eher** 
net.    The  land  bordering  on  the  we^ 
em  fliore  of  the  lake  ia  greatly  iiifetiot' 
in  quality  to  that  on  Lake  Erie.    It  is^ 
mixed  with  fand  and  Onall  ftones,  and!, 
is  principally  covered  with  pines,  bireEi« 
and  fome  oaks;   but  a  Httle  diljtanco^ 
from  the  lake  the  Pjil  is  very  luxurtaitt^ 
Twenty  years  ago,  part  of  the  tndiaii 
nations,  called  Chepaways  and  Ottawa»«' 
whoinlMbited  round  Sagulnnm,  bay  and 
on  the  banks  of  the  lake  could  forniAi 
zoo  warriora;  and  thoTe  oif  the  latter 
nation,  who  lived  on  the  E.  fide  of  Lalti^ 
Michigan,  ai  miies  from  MichilKtmalA* 
kinack  could  f«k'ni(h  zoo  warriors. 

Huron,  afin.^iriveroftheN.  W. 
territory,  which,  after  a  courfeof  39 
miles,  falls  into  Lake  St.  Clair  from  dbe 
N.  W.  Gnadenhuetten  lies  on  this  ri*' 
ver.  Alfo  the  name  of  another  finaU 
river  in  the  fame  territory,  wbieh  ruil^ 
N.  eaftWard  mto  lake  Erie,  40  m^ 
weftward  of  Cayahcm,  and  15  S.  E.  o(. 
the  mouth  of  Sandutty  .Lake. 

HYani^  Road.  See  Bmrm/hMit  ill 
MaiTichufetts. 

HVDB,  a  maritiaae  county  inNeisi* 
bem  diftriA,  North  Carolina ;  l^nnddl 
E.  by  tlie  ocean,  W.  by  Beaufort  cooA> 
ty,  N.  by  Tyrrel,  md  S.  by  Cartereti 
It  contains  4120  iqhabitantr,  of  wfaontf 
ie4&  are  flaves. 

Hyco.otbb,  or  ifyctt  a  liradl 
river  which  empties  into  the  Dan,  irfwal 
4  milcf  aboff  th»  mmrtb  of  StauntiA 
riwr,  > 


M 


•Ht  I  L  1 

'MvoMVARKii  town(hi|i  {n  Orlwni 
•9HiUyi  h  Vtrmont,  fsontatnini  4S  •»* 
MNlintit  It  ii  t|  mitta  S.  oTrl^  C«- 
nk|p  )inti  ami  ft6  north  by  caft  ot  Bin- 
MiHgteii. 


I 


I  AGO.  $ct  7«ff«f  sr  }^<tf«> 
IatAi  a  bity  on  thg  coait  oF  Chill. 
IaiiBftVit.1.1, « rWrr  or  rather  a  ibn 
^niutiral  caiMil>  of  Wi  Florida*  witicli, 
whtii  tb«  MuQfippi  ov«ri!owi,  aid  i« 
high  fnoM|h  to  run  into  itt  (which  i* 
(Nitrally  in  tht  month*  of  May,  }mt, 
Ud  July)  forma  a  communication  for 

SAmii  di-awing  thrw  or  four  frtt,  from 
•  MiUnrippi  to  the  gutph  of  Mexico, 
•ai^wardi  through  the  bke>  Muuripat 
and  Pontchartram.  Thi»  canal,  which 
ha*  biien  liignifttd  with  the  name  of 
rivcri  ia  dry  all  the  rell  of  the  v<.»i-.  It 
t»  a  mile  below  a  village  of  Alabnma  Tn- 
«tlan»,  SS  milei  ft  win  the  fcttlcmcnt*  ot 
Point  Coupc^,  99  W.  by  N.  1 1  New. 
Orlcana,  ao4N.  W.  oftlie  Bal  ic,  nnd 

S\y.  of  Feni'acula,  by  the  above 
»  It  rcccivei  the  river  Amit,  or 
K,  from  the  northwani,  which  ii 
navigable  for  batt'^  tux  tu  a  confiilerable 
dliftance. 

ICA^VB  Pr)tNT,on  the  E.  end  of  the 
Ulandot  St.  Dtuningo,  lat.  19.  a. 

ICHUA-TOWN,in  the  Genclfcecoim. 
try  in  the  State  of  New. York,  i*  m  In- 
dian village  at  the  mouth  of  Ichua 
Crctk,  a  north-cailem  hend  water  of 
Alleghany  river.  It  is  60  itiiivs  radcrly 
of  Put  Erie,  70  E.  by  S.  of  La  BoKid, 
and  67  S,  W.  by  S.  of  Hartt'oivl  on  Ge. 
n«(r«c  riv«r. 

ICVN  ADA  DB  BaRRVQaN,  a  town  Oil 

mt  river  I.a  Plata,  in  S.  America.  See 
0mmt  jins. 

Icy  CApa  ia  the  nortb-wc'^cnimort 
keadhndof  N.  America,  fituutcd  in  the 
Korthem  oceni;!.  Bftw^n  this  cape 
and  Cape  North  in  Afia,  is  the  opening 
into  9<hring*a  Strait*,  which  ic;id  from 
Um  Northern  into  the  Pacific  uccan. 

lONAClO,  St.  a  town  in  the  eudern 
part  of  Peru,  and  on  the  N.  (Uic  of  A- 
fMton  river. 

Igornacuoix,  a  bav  in  tlie  iflanJ 

Jf  Newtbundland,  fouthward   of    St. 
o]m*<  Bay. 

Ileiones,  or  St,  Chirks,  a  town 
•piUa  8.  lidc  of  the  iHand  of  St,  Do. 
;.". ...  ■    -.  .44*4 


T  L  L 

mingo.  and  too  fathoma  from  tlta  city  . 
of  St.  Domingo.     Tt  i»  inhahlicd  by 
cmigranta  from  the  Canary  Iflandi,  and  , 
hat  a  f(Bw  itrccts  which  run  from  tha 
four  cardinal  pointa,  and  cut  each  other 
nt  right  angifi.     The  inliabitar\ia  are, 
the  mod  inmilb'ious  UL»pi«  in  the  8pa- 
nifti  part  of  ihc  ifbnd. 

Ilhbob,  a'cantain(hip  S.  of  that  called 
Bay  of  Ali'Siiintii,  and  in  tiic  mtddit 
divifion  of  Bia/il.  Chief  town,  Paya. 
illteoa,  the  capital  of  the  above  province* 
(liinda  id>out  )o  leacura  N.  B.  of  Porto 
Setturo,  and  as  far  8.  W.  of  the  Bay  of: 
AliSainta.  It  i»  watered  by  a  river 
of  the  (nine  name,  nivi  containa  aliout 
100  tamilic*.  S.  lat.  15.  40.  W.lon. 
34. ««. 

iLLtNOia,  a  hvg«  navigable  river  of 
the  N.  W.  Teiritoiy,  foimeil  by  the  con* 
fluence  of  the  rivers  Plein,  and  Thrsiki- 
ki,  in  41. 4.8.  N.  lat.  and  in8B.4i.W. 
longitude.  This  noble  brunch  of  tha 
Miitifinpi,  after  ninnins  a  licrpeniine 
S.  W.  courft,  through  an  exttnfive 
country  of  rich,  fertile  land,  and  rcccivt 
ing  a  valt  number  of  rivera  Horn  to  to  • 
too  yarda  wide,  which  are  navigable 
for  boAta  from  i  s  to  1 80  milea,  approach- 
ei  within  5  milea  of  the  Miftlfippi  {  from 
thence  running  eaftward  about  la  milea, 
it  paya  Ita  tribute  by  a  mouth  400  yards 
wide,  in  38. 40.  N.  lat.  and  in  91.  la, 
W.  longitude  {  oppofite  the  large  cave, 
176  tiiilea  above  tlie  Ohio  and  18  above 
the  Miflburi.  The  landa  on  the  banks 
of  thelllinoia,  particularly  thofeon  the 
S.  B.  fide,  aru  perhapa  aa  fertile  aa  any 
paitof  North- America.  They  produce 
in  thentoft  luxuriant  plenty,  wheat,  ryr» 
Indian  corn,  peaa,  ncant,  flax,  hemp, 
teb.icco,  hopa,  grapea,  appica,  pear8» 
peaches,  dying  roots,  medicinal  plantH»- 
&c.  Here  alio  grow  large  forell8> 
of  hickory,  oak,  cedar,  mulberry  treea» 
&c.  Savanna*,  or  n;itu<'al  meadows 
are  both  numeroua  and  extenfive.  Iti 
the  forella  are  great  variety  of  animals, 
as  buifhloea,  deer,  &c.  and  in  the  rivers 
areplentyof  fifii,  particuKirly  Qat,  carp, 
and  perch,  of  ar.  >  normous  fize.  Such 
is  the  abundance  of  wild  grapea  in  this 
country,  that  in  the  year  1769,  the 
French  planters  upon  thia  river  made 
above  iiohhds.  of  tlrong  wine,  fram 
theii;  grapes.  On  the  north-weftern 
fide  of  thia  river  is  a  coal  mine,  which 
extend*  for  half  a  mile  along  the  mid- 
dle of  its  banks,  and  about  the  fame  dif. 

tiuice 


fimte  helow  the  coal  mln«  lire  two  fait 
nnndi,  100  yai-di  In  circuinticrenct,  and 
ftveril  feet  in  depth.  The  water  {« 
ftnp^nAnt.  and  nf  a  yetlowifh  colour  )  but 
the  Pr«nch  and  nativei  makeu  gooti  fait 
from  it.  The  Illinoiiftirnifht«a  com- 
nmnication  with  lake  Michigan,  by 
f!hicavo  river,  betwt-cn  which  and  the 
Illinoii  are  two  |>ott;>>re(i,  the  length  of 
which  do  nut  cxcrcd  4.  niilcy.  The 
whole  length  «f  the  river  from  the  fonrre 
of  Theitkiki,  which  ii  hut  a  ftio'  t  dif- 
fance  from  tlie  river  St.  Jofcph,  oppo- 
fitc  to  Fort  St.  JoCeph  On  the  north,  it 
4to  miles.  The  Indians  have  ceded  to 
the  United  Stateii,  by  the  ticafy  of 
Greenville,  !n  179'r,  a  trnft  of  bm!  11 
rnilea  fqiiare,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Tllinois ;  alio  a  Uai\  6  milea  fquare, 
nt  the  Old  I'iadns  tort  and  village  near 
the  (onfh  end  of  Illinois  Lake.  That 
lake  In  only  a  dilatation  of  the  river,  and 
is  fiti'.iircd  about  440  miie*  below  the 
fouice  of  Tlieaklki,  and  43  below  the 
hiU  Pon<ls.  It  ii  to  miles  long  and  5 
miles  broad  in  the  middle. 

Illinois  Indiaftt  inhabit  near  Caho- 
kia  on  the  Midllipiii.     Warriors  160. 

lMPBRtAl.K,acity  of  Chili  in  South- 
America,  6  leagues  from  the  South  Seat 
having  the  river  Cauten  to  the  ibtith 
nml  another  rivrr  to  the  weft,  both  na- 
vij^rable.  ft  in  fituated  on  a  riHnc;  ftecp 
neck  of  land,  hard  to  be  afcendcd.  In 
1600,  it  was  taken  by  the  Indians,  afrer 
a  year's  ficge }  moft  i»f  the  inhabitants 
having  pcriftied  by  famine.  They 
bwrnr  the  town,  and  then  laid  fietjc  to 
Sofomo.  In  this  war  Valdivia,  Argol, 
Sintla  Crni,  Chilla,  and  Villa  Rica 
were  taken.  Alter  which  they  became 
l'<)  confident  of  their  (trenpith,  that  they 
fout!;ht  the  Spani.inls  bravely,  and  in 
fome  meafure  revL-nped  the  crueliie-s 
they  had  committed  npont'ieir  country- 
men. The  Spaninrds  afrcrwards  built 
a  town  lie:e  called  CoHceptm  ;  which 
i€t'.     S.  ht.  ■^8.  4.2.   VV.  I  uij;.  73.  75. 

^*i^G\}  \^  Great  nnd  I.itllr,  two  (mill 
iflands  in  the  Windwarvl  I'^ll'iov.  N.  W. 
of  the  iflamlof  St.  Domingo,  and  N.  E. 
of  the  idnid  of  Cii!)a. 

iNATTKNDt/E  IJlatiJ,  (the  Gower 
Irtand  oF Carteret)  lb  named  by  S«r- 
ville,  lies  on  the  north  fide  of  the  iHands 
of  ArCacidcs,  »».  4.'.  saft  of  Port  Praflin. 

Incat,  h  Ibntiiern  brancli  of  Amazon 
river  in  S.  America. 

IVDEPENOSKCE  MoUNT,  is  fltUatcd 


en  the  ftraU  through  whtdi  the  wtteri 
of  Lake  Owrge  tvA  E«ft  B«y  flow  in« 
to  Lake  Chaniplainf  in  the  N.  W.  ptn  of 
thr  town  of  Orwell  in  Rutlami  countyi 
Vermont,  and  oppofite  to  Ticondcroga* 

Indian  Bay  liea  on  the  weft  fide  of 
Bonavilta  Bay,  in  Newfoundland  liUuid* 

Indian  Old  Town, atown  inL'.n* 
coin  county,  in  the  Diftrifl  of  Mr.ine* 
fituated  on  an  ifland  in  PenobfcoY  /ivcr» 
jolt  above  the  Great  Falls,  and  about 
60  below  the  Forks.  Here  arc  about 
100  families,  who  arc  Roman CRtholict| 
the  remains  of  the  Penubfcot  tribe,  ana 
the  only  Indians  who  rclide  in  the  Dif« 
U\i:\  of  Maine.  They  live  together  in 
a  regular  fbciety,  and  are  increafing  in 
number ;  the  Sachems  bavins  laitf  an 
injtm6>ion  on  the  youn^  |>eopIe  to  mar« 
ty  early.  In  a  former  war,  this  tribe  had 
their  lands  taken  from  them  {  but  at  tht 
commencement  of  the  American  rcvo* 
lotion,  the  Provincial  Congrefs  grant* 
eil  them  a  traA  of  land,  11  miles  wide» 
interle6l^d  in  the  middle  by  the  river. 
They  have  a  right,  in  preference  to  anjr 
other  tribe,  to  hunt  and  fiOi  as  far  At  the 
mouth  of  the  bay  of  Penobfcot  extends. 
In  their  town  is  a  decent  church  with  • 
bell )  and  a  prieft  refides  among  theni 
to  adminilter  the  ordinances. 

Indian  Orchard,  a  tra£l  of  hind  in 
Northampton  county,  Pennfylvania^  on 
the  W.  fide  of  Delaware  river,  on  tho 
river  Lexawacfein. 

I  NDi ANA,  a  territory  in  Virginia,  ly- 
.'ng  between  Ohio  river  and  the  Lanrel 
Mountain,  containing  about  3I  million  < 
ol  acres.  It  is  nearly  of  a  triangular 
form,  and  extends  in  kngth  froni  the 
Pcnrrylvania  line  to  the  waters  of  the 
Little  Kaahaway,,  It  was  granterl  to 
S;imutl  Wharton,  William  Trent,  and 
George  Morgan,  elitjuires,  and  a  few 
other  perfons,  in  the  year  176U,  by  the 
Shawa'ieCe,  Delaware  and  Huron  tribes 
of  Indians,  as  a  compjnCation  for  lofTes 
to  the  amount  of  8  5,91 61.  los.Sd.  cur- 
jcncy,  which  thele  people  had  fuftained. 
by  the  dcprcdationfi  of  the  Indians,  in 
the  year  176^.  It  is  a  valuable  trafl:  of 
land  ;  but  the  title  of  the  proprietors, 
tho'  pronounced  good  by  a  Committer 
of  Congrd's  in  178^,  isatprefent  embar* 
rafied  in  conlequencc  of  the  revolution. 

iNDiANE,  a  fmall  harbour  in  the  inland 
of  Cape  Bnton. 

Indian  River,  or  Cyprefs  StvamPf 
lies  partly  io  the  States ei  Maryland  and 

Q[^  Delaware, 


J>ehware.  Thit  moraft  extttadi  6  ihilM 
from  caft  to  weft,  and  nearly  ta  from 
north  to  (buth,  including  an  area  of 
nearly  50,000  acres  of  land.  The  whole 
of  this  fwamp  is  a  high  and  level  bafon, 
very  wet,  thougli  undoubtedly  the  high- 
eft  land  on  that  part  of  the  coaft.'  Falfe 
Cape,  at  the  mouth  of  Indian  river,  and 
the  N.  E.  part  of  Cedar  Ntrk  is  in  38. 
SS.  15.  N.  lat.  and  11^  nules  fouth  of 
die  Itght-houfe  at  Cape  Henlopen.  Ce- 
dar Swamp  contains  a  gr«at  variety  of 
planis,  trees,  wild  beafts,  birds,  and 
reptiles. 

Indian  Rivek,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
thepeninfuJauf  E.  Florida,  rifes  a  fliort 
diftance  from  the  lea-coaft,  aiid  runs 
from  north  to  ibuth,  forming  a  kind  of 
inland  paflage  for  many  miles  along  the 
coaft.  It  is  alio  called  Rio  Ays,  and 
has  on  the  north  fide  of  its  mouth  the 

E>hit  El  Palmer,  on  the  fouth  that  of  the 
eech.  N.  lat.  tj.  30.W.  long.  80.  40. 
Indian  iliver,  Diftrifl  of  Maine,  a 
finali  arm  of  thefea,  between  Chandler's 
and  Pleafaiit  river. 
iHDt  A«  ItL  A  fiT>.  See  Peiiobfcct  River. 
Indians.  The  amount  f  Indian 
population,  in  America  can  only  be 
cuefled  at.  The  new  difcovered  iAands 
in  the  South  Sea,  and  part  of  the  N.  W. 
eoaftmre  probably  the  moft  populous. 
The  heU  inlormed  have  conjectured  the 
number  of  aboriginal  inhabitants,  or  In- 
dtaiis,  in  America,  to  be  under  two  mil- 
lions and  a  half.  The  decreafe  fince 
the  difcovery  of  America,  has  been 
amazing:  At  that  period,  the  illand  of 
Hifpaniola  alone  contained  at  leaft  a 
million  of  inhabitants  ;  Bartholomew 
de  las  Cafas  eftimated  the  number  at 
three  millions.  Millions  were  buried  in 
tlie  mines  or  hunted  to  death  by  the 
Spaniards,  both  on  the  iflands  and  con- 
tinent. In  the  northern  parts  of  Ame- 
rica, numbers  were  doubtlefs  deftroyed 
in  foi-ming  the  Englifli,  Dutch,  and 
French  colonies}  but  notwithftanding 
the  ruptures  between  the  colonics  and 
the  Indians,  very  few  comparatively  pe- 
riftied  bv  war.  Famine,  and  its  com- 
panion the  peftilence,  frequently  deftroy 
whole  tribes.  The  difeafes  alio  intro- 
duced by  the  Europeans,  have  made 
great  havtick ;  the  ipiritous  liquors  in 
the  ule  of  which  they  have  been  initiat- 
ed by  the  whites,  prove  perhaps  nioft 
of  all  repugnant  to  population.  They 
«rafteas  the Eiuop^ans  advance}  they 


IN  D 

moulder  away,  and  dilapptar.  Tha 
moft  numerous  tribes  are  at  the  greateft 
dittaiKC  from  the  fettlemeiits  of  the 
whites,  and  it  is  veiy  certain  that  in  pro- 
portion to  their  diftance  they  are  unac- 
qiiaiutcd  with  the  ufe  of  H^e-arms.  All 
the  nations  noith  of  lake  Superior,  and 
thofe  beyond  the  MiHifippi,  u(e  only 
bows  and  arrows,  Co  that  whe*^  theif 
leattered  fituation  is  conlidertd,  t.he  va« 
rious  cuftoms  and  fuperfticions  which 
it/would  be  necelTary  to  reconcile,  in 
order  to  produce  unity  of  a£lion,  and 
what  a  fma!!  proportion  of  the^  have 
the  apparatus,  or  underftand  the  ufe  of 
murquetryjorpoflcls  relburces  to  enable 
them  to  carry  on  laf^iig  houllities  againft 
the  power  of  the  United  States,  it  muft 
be  obvious  that  even  paitial  defeats  of 
the  federal  troops  will  haften  their  ruin, 
notwithftanding  the  wonderful  dexteii- 
ty  and  intrepidity  which  they  exhibited 
in  feveial  aaions  with  thi.>  regular  troops 
in  the  late  war.  But  thit  neither  is  nor 
ought  to  be  the  wiOi  of  the  inhabitaivi 
of  the  United  States}  they  ought  to 
teach  them  the  bleflings  of  pe»ce,  and 
curb  the  exorbitant  lult  of  farther  ex« 
tent  of  territory. 

A  lift  ot  Indian  tribes,  in  Imlay's 
Hiftory  of  Kentucky,  makes  the -aggre- 
gate number  lei's  than  60,000  who 
inhabit  the  country  from  the  gulf  of 
Mexico  on  both  fides  of  the  Miflirippi, 
to  the  gidph  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  as 
far  weft  as  the  country  has  been  ge- 
nerally explored,  that  is,  to  the  head 
water  of  the  Miflifippi,  and  from  thence 
a  good  way  up  the  MiHouri,  and  betweeit 
that  river  and  Santa  Fe.  To  give  any 
account  of  the  nations  farther  fouth,  far 
lefs  in  S.  America,  would  be  a  talk  be- 
yond all  bounds  ;  the  chief  of  rhefe  are 
noticed  under  their  refpeAive  names : 

The  population  of  tlie  Indian  nations 
in  the  Ibuthem  parts  of  the  United 
States,  fomewhat  difterent  from  Tt!' 
lay,  is,  accoixling  to  Mr.  Purcell,  who 
refided  among  them  in  1780,  as  foU 
lowst 

Cun-nuH.  Total. 
Mufcogees,  commonly 

called  Creeks 
Chaflaws 


Chickafawt 

Cherokees 

Catabaws 


5,860 
♦>»3» 

575 

»,8oo 

150 

^— «— • 

»J»5>< 


i7,iSo 

«3i4*| 
1,190 

8.550 
4$0 

4«i»33 
Tht 


>■' 


I  N  D 

The*  above  red  nations  have  increAfed 
in  a  fmail  degree  fince  the  general  peace 
cftablifhed  among  them  in  i777<  The 
Whites  incorporated  among  them  are 
few  in  number,  and  lead  a  vagabond 
liftt  going  from  tribe  to  tribe  as  their 
reftleU  dilpolition  leads  them.  The  in- 
trcafe  6^  population  is  coniiderably 
checked  by  th«  quantities  of  adulterat- 
ed and  poifonous  fpirituous  liquors,  and 
the  ven«k-eal  diftentper  introduced  a- 
mong  them  by  the  whitei. 

Major-Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  put  an 
end  to  the  deftru6tive  war  with  the  In- 
dians by  a  treaty  of  (ieace  and  friendfliip 
concluded  at  Greenville  Aug.  3,  1795, 
which  was  ratified  by  the  Prefldent  of 
the  United  States,  Dec.  aa,  1795, 
The  Indian  tribes  figned  the  treaty  in 
the  following  order:  IfjanddtSy  Dela- 
nuarei,  ShanuanotttOtta'wastChipa'was, 
Ottanvat  Pata'watames  o(  the  river  of 
St.  Joieph,  PatoFutatames  of  Huron, 
Mianues,  Miamiit  and  Etl  Rivtr,  Eel 
'River  tribe,  Miamis^  Kickapoot  and 
Ka/ka/kiast  Delmuares  of  Sandulky, 
and  inme  of  the  Six  Nations  living  at 
Sandiiflcyi  Thefe  Indian?  ceded  to  the 
United  States  various  trajts  of  land  fi'om 
2  to  t  a  miles  fquare  near  ihe  different 
pofts  in  the  N.  W.  Temtory.  The 
United  States  delivered  to  the  Indian 
tribes  above  hamed  in  goods  to  the  va- 
lue of  so,oou  dollars  ;  and  agreed  to 
deliver  in  goods  to  the  value  of  9,^00 
dollars  annually,  for  ever.  The  portion 
^'hich  each  tribe  is  to  receive  will  be 
ften  in  the  account  of  the  particular 
nation  or  tril>e. 

Little  is  yet  known  of  the  I.idians  in 
the  interior  parts  of  North-Americat 
In  1792,  Mr>  Stewart,  faid  to  be  in  the 
employ  of  the  British  court,  returned 
from  ibur  years  travels  through  the 
hitherto  unexpkired  regions  to  the  weft- 
ward.  Taking  his  courfe  weft-fouth- 
wefteiiy  from  the  pofts  on  the  lakes, 
he  prnrtrated  to  the  head  of  the  MifTou- 
ri,  and  from  thence  due  W.  to  withhi 
500  miles  of  the  Ihores  of  the  Pacific 
oeean.  He  joined  the  interior  Indians 
in  ftfveral  battles  againft  the  (bore  In^ 
diansi,  all  which  coming  (hort  of  his  ob- 
jtfl,  the  procuring  a  peace,  fo  that  he 
might  explore  the  continent  from  fea 
t«  lea;  after  Ibme  ftay.  he  returned 
dearly  by  the  fame  route  he  had  pur- 
liicd  m  going  outt  Beyond  the  Miiibu- 
ri,,Mr.  Stewart  mst  with  many  power- 


I N  a  Hf 

fltl  nltionsi  in  general  iiorp{td>le  and 
courteous.  The  Indian  nations  he  in-, 
fited  weftwan|»  appeared  to  be  a  poliih* 
ed  and  civiliicd  people,,  hiving  towna 
regularly  built,  and  being  in  a  (|ate  (4 
Ibciety  not  far  removed  from  that  of 
the  Europeans,  and  only  wanting  the 
u(e  of  iron  and  fteel  to  be  perfeolv  fot 
They  arc  always  cl%d  in  fltins  cut  in  an 
I  elegant  manner^  and  in  many  refpe&s 
prefierable  to  the  garments  in  ufe  among 
the  whitest  Adjacent  to  thefe  nation* 
is  a  vaft  ridge  of  mountains,  which  may 
be  called  the  Alleghany  of  the  weltern 
parts  of  America,  and  lerves  as  a  barri- 
er againft  the  too  frequent  incurfloni  of 
the  coaft  Indians,  who  entertain  a  mor- 
tal antipathy  to  the  nation,  and  tribea. 
inhabitmg  the  country  eattward  of  the 
mountains. 

Indian-Town,  ih  Maryland)  a  viU 
lage  fituatcd  on  Indian  Creek,  on  the 
S.  E.  bank  of  Choptank  river,  and  in 
Dorehefter  county,  }  miles  S.  W.  of 
New- market. 

Indian-Town,  a  fnna>l  poft-town  of 
N.  Carolina,  le  miles  from  Sawyer'a 
Ferry,  and  5*  from  Edenton^ 

Indies.    See  Weft'Indiesi 

Incraham,  Portf  on  the  Wellem 
fideofWafliington  Ifland.onthe  N.  W* 
coaft  of  N.  America,  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  Young  Frederick's  Ifland.  Ii! 
la  a  fine  harbour  for  wintering  in^  being 
near  the  fea,  and  having  deep  water* 
N.  lat.  5?,  37.  W.  long.  133.  18. 

Ingraham  yiett  in  (he  South  Pacific 
ocean,  lie  N.  N.  W.  of  the  Marquefaa 
Iflands,  from  35  to  50  leagues  diftant, 
and  are  7  in  number,  viz.  Oetvona,  or 
Waftiington  }  tt^ooapoo,  or  Adams  ; 
Lincoln ;  Noobeeva,  or  Federal  {  Ta. 
too-e-tee,  or  Franklin;  Hancock,  and 
Knc'X.  The  names  in  Italic  are  theft 
.by  which  they  arc  known  to  the  natives. 
The  others  were  given  them  by  Cap- 
tain Jofeph  Ingraham,  of  Bofton  in' 
MafTactiufetts,  commander  of  the  brig, 
antine  Hope  of  Bofton,  who  difcovered 
them  on  the  19th  ot  April,  1791,  a  day 
rcir.urkable  in  the  annuls  of  America, 
the  revolutionary  war  having  com- 
menced on  that  day  in  1775,  and  the 
firft  difcoveriek  made  under  the  flag  of 
the  United  States  marked  its  16th  anni- 
verfaryii  Thefe  iftands,  lying  between 
8.  3.  and  9.  241  S.  lat.  and  between 
140.  19.  ar.d  141.  18.  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich,  are  moftly  inhabi'ed,  and 

<^i  ?p^}ur 


•44  lovr 

iMKir  %»Ne  ftMraMy  varic|Med  with 
hills  and  vaUi«s  ahotindinf;  with  timber, 
wi  very  plealknt.  ^^hafok,  or  Fcdc- 
Ml  <flaQO»  it  re{M<efente4  by  the  iMtivcs 
W  be  «he  largeft,  'moft  populctis  nnd 
yrodtiAiwof  the  wiiole^  whkh,  they 
^  fiiy ,  are  t  o  iti  Dumlicr.  The  peonie  re- 
itinblc  thol'e  ot'  the  Marq«ic4a«  Ifland* ; 
M  do  their  cMMet,  which  are  carved  at 
taeh  end.     Cotton  of  a  tuperior  quality 

r»  here.  The  nativct  ware  h'iend- 
Petore  Tnpraham's  difcovery  was 
known,  Captain  Joftah  Robei  ts,  of  Bof- 
ttm,  failed  in  the  fttip  Jefferlbn  for  the 
N,  W.  <f>3^t  and  liiccwile  dii«ovcre<l 
theft  'Aands.  He  raw  them  different 
ittmes  \  hut  to  aToid  conlruriun  the  read- 
er i«  referred  to  «ach  iflaiid  under  the 
Indian namt^whc'k.tt  is  known.  Astheie 
iflands  lie  in  that  pnit  of  the  Pacific  O- 
etwi,  through  wiiichvtflils  from  Europe 
•t'  Amerieo,  bound  lo  the  N.  W.  couft, 
mult  |>ai«,  aitd  are  Rot  far  out  «f  thcu' 
%ka\  track,  tb«y  may  be  vifited  fo^  re- 
frefliment  in  cal'e  of  need.  See  Naoht- 
«Mr,  and  Mmqut/as  JJIands,  Sec. 

iNiRCHtA  Ki^ER,  or  Caeuela,  the 
rame  of  Orinoco  ri¥er,  at  it»  Iburce 
in  the  mountains,  weihvard,  between 
New  Granada  and  Feru,  not  far  from 
the  South  Sea. 

fNHA-QuiTO,  one  of  the  fpacious 
^iiv«  vpon  th^  N.  tideof  Quito,  in  Peru. 

Ins£VA  KiVER,ifthia3owninfome 
mapa  a*  the  noith-weOern  and  main 
branch  of  St.  Croix  river,  an  eaftein 
urater  of  the  Miflifippt,  rifing  in  the  48th 
4egreie  of  nort  h  lat  it  ude. 

Inverness,  New,  a  town  on  the  river 
Alatamaha,  in  Georgia,  built  by  a  com- 
pany of  emigrants  from  the  Highlands 
of  Scotland,  130  of  whom  were  brought 
over  by  Gen.  Oglethorpe  in  1734.  It 
is  about  zo  miles  from  KrcJerica.  Thefe 
fettlers  prefcnted  a  molt  pathetic  and 
prophetic  remonrtrance  to  Gin.  Ogle- 
tHorpe  in  January,  173*,  againft  the  in- 
Croduiiiion  of  flavcs  into  the  colony. 

Iowa,  a  rivej'  or  Louiilana,  which 
Tuns  foiith-eallward  into  the  MifTifippi, 
in  N.  ht.  4.1.  5.  6 1  miles  f»bove  the 
lovM  Rapids,  where  on  the  E.  fule  of 
the  river  is  the  Ltnver  loava  Tawv, 
which  10  years  ago  could  furnifli  500 
warriors.  '  The  Upper  Iowa  Town  is 
about  15  miles  below  the  mout<h  of  the 
river,  alio  on  tlie  E.  ll  le  of  the  Miflifip- 
pi,  and  «euld  formerly  furnifh  400  war- 
f  iws.    iiee  Rivkrt  du  t^im. 


IRE 

Ivtwicn,  the  Agawam  ef  tfitliv. 
dkna,  ia  a  poft-town  and  port  of  entry 
on  both  iideii  of  Ipfwich  river,  in  Eflnt 
county,  JMaflitchiUetts,  it  miles  fouthof 
NewWaryporc,  ionorth->eaft  oi  BweVly, 
31  M.  £.  by  N.  of  fioAon^  «iid  abput  4 
nrile  from  the  Tea.  The  townAiip  of 
Ipfwich  is  divtileH  into  5  parifliesy  and 
contains  6ot  houfes,  :ind  450a  inliabi- 
tants.  There  is  an  excellent  ftont 
bridge  acrols  Ipfwich  river,  compoOd 
of  two  arches,  with  ent  fohd  pier  m  the 
bed  of  the  river,  which  connects  the 
two  parts  of  the  town,  executed  under 
the  direction  oi  the  late  Hon.  Judge 
Cboatc.  This  was  heretofore  a  place 
of  much  more  eoniideration  tliau  at 
preient*  Its  decline  is  attributed  to  a, 
barred  harbour  and  fhoals  in  the  river. 
Its  natural  fituation  is  plealant,  and  on 
all  accounts  exctedingly  well  calculated 
to  be  a  large  manufacturing  town.  The 
I'upreme  judicial  court,  the  courts  of 
common  pleas  and  fefliuns  are  held  here 
once  a  year,  on  the  ill  Tuefday  of 
April;  and  from  its  central  fitoatioAy 
it  appears  to  be  tiie  moft   convenient 

Slaee  for  all  the  courts'  and  public  of- 
ces  of  the  county.  The  inhabitants 
are  chidly  farmers,  except  thofe  in  the- 
compaS:  part  of  the  townfliip.  A  few 
veffids  are  employed  in  the  filhery,  and 
a  few  trade  to  the  Weft  Indies.^  Silk 
and  thread  lace,  of  an  elegant  texture, 
are  manufafliui  ed  here  by  women  and 
children,  in  large  quantities,  and  fold 
for  ufe  and  exfrartation  in  Bofton,  and 
other  mercantile  tov/n».  In  1790,  no 
lefs  than  41,979  yards  were  made  here, 
and  the  manuFaiSuie  is  rather  incrcafing. 
Ipl'wich  towiifhip  was  incorporated  in 
.  1/534,  and  is  378  miles  N.  E.ot  Philadel- 
phia.    N.  lat.  4z.  43.  long.  70.  50. 

Ipswich, New,  a  townHbipin  Hillf- 
borough  county,  New-HampHure,  con- 
taining 1x41  inhabitants,  fiiiiated  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Souheagan  river,  and  fepa- 
rated  from  Whatohook  Mountain  by  the 
north  line  of  Mafiachufetts }  56  milt* 
N.  W.  of  Bofton,  and  about  77  weft  of 
Poitimouth.  Itwas incorporated ini76a, 
and  has  in  it  a Houriftiing  academy. 

Irasbvrg,  a  townlhip  in  Orleans 
county,  in  Vermont,  fituated  on  Black 
river,  17  miles  N.  of  Hnztn  Block- houi'e. 
and  11  S.  of  the  Canada  line. 

Iredell  CoT7NTY,in  Sallfbury  dif- 
trifV,  N.  Carolina,  is  furrounded  by  Sur- 
ry, Ko\vaii,  and  Btuke.  The  climate  is  a- 

gieeabfe 


/■ 


I  »  A 

frenible  «ild  healthv ;  the  ktnds  beaati- 
fully  variegated  with  hUlt,  and  the  Coil  is 
rich.  ItcontaiNi  543  5  iiilMhs. ofwhom 
{58 areftavet.  At Indeil cnuit-houi'e ia a 
poft-office.  It  i«  25  mileii  front  Salifbuiy, 
and  »5  from  Charlotte  court-houfe. 

Ireland,  NEw,alonginrrowiflatid 
in  the  Pacific  ocean,  N.ofNewBi'Itain, 
exti:nding  from  the  N.  W.  to  the  S.  E. 
about  170  niilcs,  and  in  gtnentl  very 
naiTow  J  between  3.  and  j-  S.  lar.  and 
14.6.  30.  and  15).  li;.  long,  from  Paris. 
Tlie  inltabitantii  are  negroes.  The  iilaad 
is  covered  with  wood,  ami  abuunds  with 
pigeons,  parrots,  and  other  birds.  Welt 
and  N.  W.  of  New  Ireland,  lie  Sand- 
wich, Portland,  New  Hanover,  and  Ad- 
miralty lAand^,  diicovcrcd  and  named 
by  Captain  Carteret,  in  1767.  The 
tracka  oF  Le  Mairc  and  Schouten  in 
|6i6,  of  Roggewinin  17x2,  andofBou- 
gainviHe  in  1768,  pals  thefeidnnds. 

Iftois,  Points  ue,  or  Irijb  Poiat,  a 
village  on  tlie  W.  end  of  tli«  tOand  of 
St.  Domingo. 

Iao.N  Banks,  a  tra^t  of  landon  the 
£^  ilde  of  the  MiiBlippi,  below  thenoouth 
of  the  Ohio. 

Iron  Castlb,  one  of  th?  fort*  of 
Porto  Btllo,  in  S.  America,  which  Ad- 
miral Vernon  took  and  dcttioyed  in 
>  739'  T'he  Spaniards  call  it  St.  Philip 
dc  todoFierra. 

Ironde(^at,  ealled  inlbmemaps 
■pe  Rundeguf,  VL  gaW  ix  bay  on  the   S. 
lidc  (if  the  Lake  Ontario,  4.  miles  £.  of 
Walker's  at  the  mouthof  Geneflec  river. 
Iron  Mountains,  Great,  in  the 
State  of  Tcnneiree;  extend  from  the  river 
Tennefllc;  to  that  of  French  Bread  from 
J6.  W.  to  N.  E. } farther  to  the  N.E.the 
range  has  the  name  of  3  dd  Mountain, 
and  beyond   the   Nolachucky,   that  of 
Iron  Mountains.   The  Iron  Mountains, 
i'eems  tQ  be  the  name  generally  applied 
to  the  whole  range,     {t  conftitiites  the 
boundaiy  between  the  State  of  Temief- 
fee,  and  that  of  North- Carolina,  and  ex- 
tends fron  near  the  k   \  mines,  on  the 
Kanhaway,  throuj'h  the  Cherokee  coun- 
try, to  the  Ibuth  of  Chota,  apd  termi- 
nates near  the  fources  of  the  Mobile. 
The    caverns    nnd    cafcades    in  thefe 
mountains  are  umumerable. 
Iroquois.     Ste  Six  Natkus. 
Iroqjjois  River,    See  Strrel. 
titviN  Rvver  is  a  wefterih  headwRter 
«if  the  Neus,  in  N.  Catolina. 
IsABBL,  St.  one  ot'  thr  lAands  of 


I  ft  C  i4$ 

Solomon*  too  mil«»  m  cirennftitme  ia 

the  Pacific  Oce^n,  7.  30.  S.  lat  about 
i<o  leagoca  W.  of  limaydilcovitcd  by 
MciiJ?"a.  I  <;67,  whofc  inbabttanta  ai« 
cannibals,  ana  .  'ocAiip  icrpents^  MirIs, 
and  other  animala.  Th«ir  ctfinphcxton 
is  bronze,  their  halt  woolly,'  an«i  «li«y 
wear  no  covering  bnt  i^  und  the  waift^ 
The  peoplt;  are  divided  into  I  ribea,  wA 
are  conftantly  at  war  with  saob  ««lit/. 
Bats  were  fsL'n  here,  which  front  ode  ex« 
treniiry  of  their  win^s  to  the  othcr«  m*a« 
iiued  5  feet.  Dampier^  who  has  th«  re* 
putation  of  (;xa6tiiirl8,  fays  that  lie  faW| 
in  the  I'ln^ll  illand  of  Sahuda,onthe  W* 
coalt  of  Papua,  bata  as  large  as  young 
rabbits,  having  wings  4.  feet  in  txCcnt 
from  on^  tip  to  tlie  othcr^ 

Isfit^i.LA  Fiver.     See  Osunmi.   .7. 

ISABBi.LA.Pe;.';;,  lies  on  the  N.  fide 
of  the  iiland  of  St.  Doniuigo,and  fonna 
the  N.  £.  fide  nf  tlie  bay  of  ita  name* 
N.  lat.  19.  51;  10.  This  i«  the  port 
where  Columbus  formed  the  Brit  Spa« 
uiOi  fettkmenton  tlte  ifl.ind,  and  named 
both  it  and  the  point  after  his  patronefs 
Qiieen  Ilitbelia.  He  entered  it  in  th« 
night,  driven  by  a  tempeft.  It  is  over* 
looked  by  a  very  hi^h  mountain  flat  at 
the  top,  and  liirroundai  with  rocks,  but 
is  a  little  expoicd  t&the  H.  W.  wind. 
The  river  Ifabella  which  faila  into  it»  is 
confiderable.  There  are  t<))  fathoms  of 
water  to  anchor  in.  The  IcttkmeHt 
wasbegunln  1.493,  was  given  up  in  14961 
when  its  inhabitants  wvre  carried  to  tha 
city  of  St.  Domingo,  which  oviginnDy 
was  called  New  li'abella.  The  bay  ia 
faid  to  hdtve  good  anrliorage  for  (hips  df 
war.  It  is  about  29  leagues  eaft  bf 
north  of  Cape  Francois,  meafuring  in  a 
Ifraight  line^ 

Isc/ijor  rather /r«,  with  Pifco  and 
Nai.ca,  three  towns  from  which  a  juril^ 
diftion  of  Lima  ii>  Peru,  S.  America^ 
has  its  name.  Qreat  quantities  of  wine 
are  made  here  and  exported  to  Calao. 
It  a!lb  produces  ejjcellent  olives,  either 
for  eatj'j'tg  or  for  oil.  The  fields  which 
are  watered  by  trsiicfaes,  yield  an  un- 
common pl<?ri(y  of  wlieat,  mai2e,  and 
fruits.  I'hif  jnrifdifHon  is  remarkable 
for  fjtacioua  woods  of  earob-  trees,  with 
thje  ir4kt  ef  which  the  itthabit.mta  fee^ 
numbers  of  afitn,  for  tke  ufea  o/agnicuiU 
tiue,  to  this  and  the  ReigUKA>ring.j^i(r> 
dt^totta.  Tbc  IndKaita  wbo  Uve.  aear  tho 
fca  appiy  thami^vas  to  fiOur  g»  «ad  after 
Saking  tfaf  iOk  »Fiy  then  to  a  gpo4 


M* 


J  AC 


I 


market  ii|  the  town*  among  the  inoun* 
taSni. 

IsVANDS,  Bay  eft  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Nova-Scotia. 

IsLB  OF  WlQHTt  acounty  of  Virgi- 
niai  On  the  Ibuth  fide  of  Jaqiet's  river, 
weft  of  Noifolk,  county,  being  about  40 
mitea  long  and  1 5  broa'd,  and  contains 
9,018  inhabitant«,including  3,8$7flaves. 
A  mineral  fpring  has  been  dilcovered 
near  the  head  of  the  weft  branch  of  Nan- 
femond  river,  about  i  o  miles  from  SnMth- 
field,  and  la  from  Suffolk.  It  is  m;  .  'i 
refortr  ->,  and  famed  for  its  ni^dici  1 
qualities. 

Isle  Royal,  on  the  nor(h-weft  'id; 
of  Lake  Superior,  lies  within  thet<..ri- 
tory  of  the  United  States  north>weft  of 
the  Ohio,  is  about  100  miles  long,  and 

many  pifices  about  40  broad.  The 
Natives  liippofe  that  this  and  the  other 
idands  in  the  lake  are  the  refidenceof  the 
Great  Spiiit. 

ISLESBOfiovGH,  atowniliip  in  Han- 
cock county,  Maine,  formed  by  Long- 
Ifland,  in  the  centre  of  Pcnobfcot  Bay, 
3  5  miles  in  length,  and  from  a  to  3  in 
breadth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1789, 
tontains  %ti  inhabitants,  and  is  s6o 
miles  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Bofton. 

Isles  Db  Madame  lie  at  the  fouth 
end  of  Sydney,  or  Cape  Breton  Illand, 
6n  which  they  are  cte'pendant.  '  Tiie 
largeft  of  thefe,  with  Cape  Canfo,  the 
caft  point  of  Nova-Scotia,  form  the  en- 
trance of  the  Gut  of  Canlb  from  the 
Atlantic  ocean.     See  Cape  Breton. 

IsLiP,  a  townfliipof  ^few-Yd^k,  fitu- 
ated  in  Sutfolk  co.  Long-Ifland,  eaftof 
Huntihc^on,  and  con.  ins  609  inhabit- 
ants ;  v^rthefe  93areele6lors,and35navcs. 

IWANEE,  a  little  town  near  St.  Jago 
de  Cuba,  where  a  fmall  remnant  of  the 
ancient  Indians  live,  who  have  adopted 
the  manners  jind  language  of  the  Spa 
niai'ds. 


JACKS0N'.8  River,  a  head  water  of 
James's  river  in  Virginia,  vifes  in  the 
Warm  Spring  Mountains,  about  »o 
mil^s  fouth-wcft  of  the  Warm  Spring 
Mountains,  and  i-unsS  fouth-weft  through 
the  valley  Until  Carpenter's  creek  joins 
it  from  th-Vt  quaittr,  when  the  river  af- 
fumes  the  name  of  Fluvanna,  and  flows 
fouth  eaft.  About  three-quarters  of  a 
j^e  from  its  iburce  it  falls  ov«r  a  rock 

J.;..,    .     ■        .       ' .... 


JAF 

aoo  feet  into  the  villc/  below.  Th« 
flieet  ofwater  is  broken  in  its  breadth  by 
the  rock  in  two  or  three  placet,  but  not  ii| 
its  height.  Between  the  iheet  and  the 
rock  at  the  bottom  you  mav  walk  acrof^ 
dry.  It  is  near  half  at  high  again  as 
Niagara,  but  is  only  la  orrj  feet  wide. 

Jackson,  a  new  county  of  Georgia. 

jAcirtOiJSBOROUCH,  a  fmall  poft- 
town  of  South-Carolina,  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  E.iifto  river*  about  35  miles  weft  of 
Charlefto'-n,  i . 

jA<.iei:  a  jurifdiA^on  and  fea-port 
tr  >  ji.  thf  fouth  fid*  of  the  i.'^and  of 
^r,  K'ofniiigc.  This  jurifdiilion,  in  the 
>V.;,;ii  h  i  art  of  the  ifland,  contains  3 
:  i^,':<{-.i,  iS  ^--imarkable  for  thegoodnefs 
oi'  its  foil  >>  '  the  abundant  crops  of  cof- 
fee} and  ii  iaL  eptible  of  a  great  aug- 
mentation. Its  exports  from  January 
l,  1789  to  Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year, 
were  17,350  lb.  white  fugar ;  55,614  lb, 
brown  lugar ;  4,071,701  lb.  of  coffee  ; 
406,8311b.  cotton,and  10,0461b.  indigo. 
The  duties  on  exportation  of  the  aboye 
amounted  to  15,619  dollars,  16  cent$. 
The  town  is  fituated  on  the  fouth  iide  of 
the  neck  of  the  fouth  peninfula.  The 
town  is  6  leagues  weftward  of  Cayes  de 
Jacmel,  7I  eaft  of  the  bay  and  town  of 
Baynet,  as  far  fouthof  Leogaiie  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  peninfula,  13  fouth-weft 
of  Port  au  Prince,  and  53  eaft  of  Capt 
T^burun.  N.  lat.  18. 11. W.  long,  from 
Paris  75.1. 

Jacmel,  Cayes  de,  a  town  and 
parifii  oii  the  eaft  iide  of  the  ftream  of 
its  name,  6  leagues  eaft  of  the  above 
town  of  Jacmel.  This  parifh  is  bound- 
ed eaft  by  the  plain  on  the  Spanifli  part, 
at  the  foot  of  the  mountains  of  Bahoru- 
80  leagues  fquare,  fit  for  any  kind 


CO 

of  cultivalion.     On   the  neighbouring 
mountains  coffee  would  fucceed  well. 

Jacob's  Creek,  an  eaftem  water  of 
Youghiogany  river  in  Weftmoreland 
county,  Pennfylvania.  There  is  a  carry- 
ing p  ace  6  miles  weft  to  Monongahela 
rjver,  from  the  Youghiogany,  uppofite 
the  mouth  of  this  creek. 

Jadarh<^e.     See  Chaiaughque. 

Jaffrey,  a  townihip  in  Cliefliire 
county,  New-Hampfhire,  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  Great  Monadnock,  6  miles 
north.of  the  Mailachuietts  line,  19  eaft 
of  Coiihe£licut  river,  and  about  56  W. 
S.  W.  ol'Portfmouth.  It  was  incorpo> 
rated  in  1 773,  and  contains  1,135  inhaW 
taott.    Here  are  found  red  and  yellow 

ochre. 


.    Th« 

Bdthby: 
lit  not  in 
and  the 
1^  acrof^ 
igkin  as 
et  wide. 
7Corgia* 
ad  poft- 
eah  fide 
,  weft  of 


fea-port 
i:^and  of 
in.  in  thq 
nrains  ) 
goodnefitt 
psofcof- 
reat  aug- 

January 
ne  year, 
5,614.  lb, 
of  coffee  i 
h.  indigo, 
the  above 
a 6  centV^ 
uth  IJde  of 
ila.     The 

Cayes  de 

1  town  of 

lie  on  the 

fouth-weft 

of  Capt 

ong.  from 

town  and 
ftream  of 
the  above 
is  bound- 
mifli  part, 
"  Bahoru- 
any  kind 
hbouring 
\d  wtll. 
water  of 
moreland 
Jisacarry- 
Inoiigaheia 
[»  oppofit^ 

ghque. 

Chefliire 
Itlie  Ibuth 
\f  6  miles 
to  eafi 
at  56  W. 
Is  incorpo- 
I^Sinhaol- 
yellow 
ochre. 


JAG 

•chre,  r.llum,  vitriol,  and  black  lead  In 
great  ouantitics.  The  buckrbean  (meny- 
anthea)  faid  to  be  a  rai  e  plant  in  New. 
Haniplhiru,  a  i  of  fingiilar  nfe  in  medi- 
Jafficy,  near  the  Grei.t 


JAM 


«47 


cine,  is  four. 
Monad  nock. 
Jago,  St 
ChiamttLa, 
faid  fifes  in 
empties  into 


riwr  in  the  province:  of 
Nev/  Spain,  '"hich  it  is 
■'.  luke  Giiaitalijara^  and 
0  Noru    Pacific  Oc>'an, 
>^ya  inouti-  aalf  amile  broad,  and  10 
^■et  de  'p  at  low  wattr. 

J  A  GO,  St.  a  large  rl.er  of  3.  America, 
which  fifes  in  the  audience  of  Qi),ito,  in 
Peru.  It  is  navigable,  waters  a  fertile 
country,  and  fallit  into  the  South  Sea. 

Jagg,  St.  a  handl'ome  and  confidera- 
ble  town  of  S.  America,  capital  of  Chili, 
with  a  good  h&rhour,  anil  a  bifliop's  lee, 
and  a  royal  audience.  It  is  feated  on  a 
large  beautiful  plain,  abounding  in  all 
the  nectflaries  of  life,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Cordillera  de  los  Andes,  on  the  river 
Mapocho,  which  runs  acrofs  it  from  E. 
to  W.  It  is  iubje£l  to  earthquakes,  and 
the  inhabitants  are  native  Americans  and 
Spaniards.  Tt  contains  40,000  inhabit- 
ants according  to  Abbe  Raynal,  and  car- 
ries on  a  confiderable  trade  with  Buenos 
Ayres,  by  land,  354.  leagues  dUlant. 
Although  above  40  leagues  of  the  way 
are  amidft  the  fnows  and  precipices  of 
the  Cordilleras,  yet  it  is  found  fafer  and 
cheaper  to  lend  goods  by  this  road  than 
by  (ea.  See  Chtli.  S.  fat.  33.  40.  W. 
long.  69.  35. 

Jago  de  Guatimala,  St.  Sec 
Guatimala. 

Jago  DBCuBA,atownontherouth- 
em  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  with  a 
good  harbour,  feated  at  the  bottom  of 
a  bay,  and  on  the  river  of  the  iame 
name.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  ifland,  and  was  built  in  1514,  is 
well  fortified,  and  commands  the  wind- 
ward paflfage.  This  place  has  a  declin- 
ing afpe6l,  and  p>efents  only  the  ruins 
of  its  former  greatntfs.  Yet  it  has  a 
noble,  fafe,  and  commodious  port,  infe- 
rior to  the  Havannah  only  in  its  fitua- 
tion.  Within  3  leagues  of  it,  at  Co- 
very,  is  a  rich  copper  mine.  In  the 
road  from  St.  Jago  to  St.  Salvadore 
are  a  great  quantity  of  flint-ftones,  of 
various  fizes,  fo  round  that  they  might 
ferve  for  cannon  bullets.  St.  Jago  has 
a  cathedral  with  canons  refidentiary, 
and  had  once  a  good  trade,  but  it  is  re- 
moved  to  the  Havannabf    where   its 


bifliop  ■'Ifo  reiidct.  Sir  FrancU  Drake 
took  and  burnt  this  city  in  1 5S5.  It  m 
about  as  leagues  to  the  caftward  of  the 
C  >pper  Hills,  la  or  13  weftof  Carober- 
lai  '  harb  ar,  ard  41  S.  6  W.  of  the 
ealt  end  of  the  iflind  of  Jamaica.  H. 
lat.  20.  15.  W,  Sng.  76.40. 

Jaoo  de  Lpi  .4,  St.  a  town  of  Ve. 
nezuela,  a  province  of  Tern  Firma,  in 
S.  Amr>-ic;i,  iS  miles  from  thefea-coaft, 
and  fituated  on  a  plain,  amoneft  high 
mountains  extremely  difficult  ofacceis. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Englifh  in  1 599  { 
but  afterwards  reftnred  to  Spain. 

Jago  de  nexapha,  St.  a  town  of 
Guaxaca,  in  the  aud.ence  of  Mexico, 
fituated  in  the  valley  of  Nexapha,  on  a 
river  which  falls  into  the  river  Alvarado. 
It  has  a  rich  convent  of  Dominicans. 

Jago  delEstero,  St.  a  town  of 
S.  America,  one  of  the  moft  confider- 
able of  Tucuman,  and  the  refidence  of 
the  inquifitor  of  the  province,  and  is  • 
bifhop's  fee.  It  is  fituated  on  the  baiiki 
of  the  Dolee,  which  is  here  pretty  large 
and  navigable  for  veflt-ls  of  burden.  It 
is  160  leagues  eaftof  Potofi.  S.  lat.  14. 
40.  W.  long.  64.  55. 

Jago  de  las  Valles,  St.  a  town 
of  N.  America,  in  the  audience  of  Mex* 
ico,  feated  on  a  plain,  on  the  river  Pa« 
nuco.    N.  lat.  13.  W.  long.  71.  10. 

Jagode  LAVEGA,or^/««i^7«<UW, 

is  the  capital  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica  { 
fituated  m  Middlefex  county,  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  Cobre,  about  6  miles 
from  the  fea,  and  contains  between  5 
and  600  houfes,  and  about  5,000  inhab- 
itants, including  people  of  colour.  It  it 
the  refidence  of  the  governor  or  com- 
mander in  chief,  whom  is  accomnuidated 
with  a  fuperb  palace.  Here  the  legifla- 
ture  is  convened,  and  the  court  of  chan- 
ceiy,  and  the  fupreme  court  of  judica- 
ture are  held.  It  was  greatly  damaged 
by  a  ftorm  in  1772.  It  lies  in  the  S.  E. 
part  of  the  ifland,  about  7  miles  N.  W. 
of  Port-Paffage,  on  the  bay  of  Port- 
Royal.  N.  lat.  18.  6.  W.  long.  76. 49. 

Jago,  St.  in  the  ifland  ot  St.  Do- 
mingo.   See  Tago. 

Jamaica,  a  townfhip  inWindhana 
county,  Vermont,  watered  by  feveral 
brancnes  of  Weft  river,  and  containing 
163  inhabitants. 

Jamaica,  a  poft  and  chief  town  of 
Queen>  county.  New- York,  in  the  well 

fart  of  Long-Ifland,    aifd  containa  a 
'reft>yteriaa,  aa  Epiicop^Uwa*  «nd  « 
Q^  Ptttcb 


•4<  /AM 

•Dntth  cbareh,  in  academy,  and  nearly 
loddwcUing.houfec.  It  is  ii  miletealt 
of  New>York  city.  The  whole  town- 
Aiip  contains  1,657  inhabitants,  ot 
whom  %%■)  afe  e1e£lors,  11a  flaves. 

Jamaica,  an  ifland  fitiiated  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  about  4000  miles  S.  W. 
of  Qreat-Britain,  and  fbims  one  ot  the 
inoft  valuable  appendages  to  that  crown. 
Jt  is  30  leagues  £.  of  the  ifl:<nd  of  St. 
Don)ingo  {  about  the  (hme  didance  N. 
of  the  ifland  of  Cubn  }  having  the  gulF 
of  Honduras  on  the  W.  and  Carthagcnu 
on  the  continent  of  S.  Amcricd  to  thf 
"V.  diltant  145  leagues.  The  centre  of 
Jamaica  lies  in  about  18.  is.  N.  lat.  and 
•bout76.4j. W.  long,  from  Loiulon.  It 
)•  150  miles  in  length,  and  on  a  medium 
about  40  miles  in  breadth,  containing 
4,080,000  acres  ;  of  which  900,000 
acres  were  planted  in  1675;  and  in 
November,  1789,  there  were  no  more 
than  i,907>s89  acres  located  or  taken 
lip,  by  grants  horn  the  crown.  This 
iiiand  is  interfc£led  with  a  ridge  of  (teep 
rocks,  from  which  iffue  avaft  number  of 
finall  rivers  of  pure  wholcfome  w<iter, 
which  fall  down  in  cat  ira^s,  and  to- 
gether with  the  ftupenduus  height  of 
the  mountains,  and  the  in  ight  verdure 
of  the  tre's,  through  which  they  How 
with  rapidity  to  tlie  fea  on  both  fides 
of  the  illand,  form  a  mo(t  dtlighttul 
jandfcape ;  but  none  ai-e  navi^rahle  by 
Marine  Veflels.  Black  river  is  the  deep- 
eft,  and  is  navigable  for  flat- bottomed 
boats  and  carocs  30  miles.  Sugar  is 
die  gr^atcft  ar-ci  moft  valuable  produc- 
tion of  this  illand.  Of  this  art.'clc  was 
exported  to  Great  Britain  in  1787, 
8x4,706  c.vt.  in  1790,  1,185,519  cwt. 
It  produces  aifo  cocoa,  ginger,  pimento, 
dr  as  it  is  called,  Jamaica  pcp|>cr,  and 
vulgarly  allfpicc}  the  wiKl  cinnamon, 
the  machineel,  whofo  fruit  though  un- 
commonly delightful  to  the  eye,  con- 
tains one  "tf  l'„w  ....  *  poifuns  in  nature ; 
the  cabbage  tree,  remarkable  for  its 
keight,  and  for  the  hardncfs  of  its  wood, 
which,  wlien  dry,  is  incorruptible,  and 
hardly  yields  Jo  any  kind  of  tool  5  the 
folma,  affording  oil,  mucii  etk-etned  by 
Ihe negroes,  both  as  food  and  medicine; 
the  foap  tree,  whole  berries  snfvi'er  all 
the  purpofes  of  walhing  j  the  mangrove 
and  olive  bark,  ufeful  to  tanners  j  the 
fuftic  and  redwood,  to  the  dyers ;  and 
lately  the  logwood.  The  imligo  plant 
WM  fonncrljr  much  cultivated,  and  the 


JAM 

cotton  tree  is  ftill  To.  Htre  they  Im«« 
mnize,  or  Indian  corn,  Guinea  com, 
peas  of  various  kinds,  with  a  variety  of 
roots.  Fruits  grow  in  tfrt-at  plenty,  at 
citroAs,  Seville  and  China  orttnges, 
cumniun  and  tweet  lemons,  limes,' (had. 
docks,  p  megranates,  mamees,  Iburlbps, 
papa«,  pine  apples,  prickly  pears,  alH> 
cada  p^avs,  melons,  guavas,  Icveral  kinds 
of  berries,  and  kitchen  >  vegetables  in 
great  v.irifty.  Admiral  Rodney  enrich* 
cil  this  beautiful  ifland  with  many  of 
the  rare  productions  of  the  Eaft,  which 
tell  into  his  hands  by  the  fortune  of  war  j 
particularly  the  bread-fruit  tree,  the  true 
Ceylon  cinn:»nion  tree,  and  the  mango 
tn-r-.  Jamaica  can  boaft  of  a  botanical 
fardcn  containing  the  raicft  coUc^inn 
of  curious  trees  :ind  p!!k,nts  perhaps  in 
the  world  ;  of  which  a  catalogue  has  . 
been  publiflitd.  The  botanical  garden 
contauis,  among  other  valuable  pruduc* 
tions,  the  Chinck  hemp,  palm,  Otahcite 
plum,  tallow-tree,  gum-arabic,  paper, 
mulberry,  from  which  paper  and  cloth 
are  r.:nde,  tea  plant,  and  Chintfe  olivo. 
The  other  productions,  both  animal  an4 
vegetable,  are  fuch  as  are  common  to 
the  other  iflands  in  the  Weft  Indies  ; 
but  maliogany  is  now  become  fcarce. 
In  many  parts  of  Jamaica  there  is  a  great 
appearance  of  metals )  and  it  is  believed 
ihat  the  Spaniards  had  mines  both  of 
iilver  and  copper.  A  kad  mine  was  in- 
dftd  ftpLued  Ibme  years  ago,  near  to  the 
Hopeeltate,  in  St.  Andrew's  psrifll}  bu( 
the  pofllflTori  fnul  more  profit  in  culti- 
vatinsj  the  luiface  of  the  earth  than  dig- 
ging into  its  bowels.  J.imaica  h  divided 
into  3  counties,  Miidtefex,  Surry f  and 
Cnrrnvall  j  fuhdivided  into  10  pariihes, 
as  follows  ;  A//V<j'/?/'(fx  contains  thofe  of 
St.  Mary,  St.  Ann,"  St.  Joini,  St.  Doro- 
thy, St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale,  Clarendon, 
Veie,  St.  Catherine,  the  town  of  St.  Jago 
de  la  Vega,  the  capital,  and  13  villages} 
24.4  lugar  plantations,  and  43,616  ne- 
groes. Surry  contains  the  pariflies  of 
St.  Andrew,  it.  George,  Portland,  Port 
Royal,  St.  David,  St.  Thorn  As  in  the 
Ea(t,  Kingfton,  the  towns  of  Kingfton 
and  Port  koyal,  8  villages,  i59Aigar 
plantations,  and  27,337  negroes.  Corn- 
nn'aU  contains  thcpariftiesot  Trtlawnty. 
St,  James,  Hanover,  Weftmoreland,  St. 
Elizabeth,  the  townsof  Savanna-la-Mar, 
Montego  Bay,  and  Falmouth,  309  higar 
plantations,  and  57,835  negroes.  The 
whole  zo  pariihcs  cotuaia  J  i  churches 

and 


hey  hfltv 
tea  corn, 
varitty  of 
plenty,  at 
oranges, 
nek,'  fliud- 
Iburlbps, 
ears,  »tli- 
tiai  kinds 
cUbles  ill 
ey  entich- 
many  of 
aft,  whicl» 
tie  oiwarj 
e,  the  true 
^e  iDanu^o 
botanic;)! 
collt'6l!on 
teiha]is  in 
logue  has 
cai  garden 
le  prwluc* 
,  (Jtahcite 
ic,  paper- 
and  cloth 
ntl'e  olivtt. 
mimal  an4 
>mtTion  to 
;ft  Indies  j 
me  fcarce. 
:  is  a  great 
18  believed 
both  of 
was  in- 
lear  to  the 
i(hi  but 
in  culti- 
lan  dig- 
divided 
urry,  and 
partihes, 
thofe  of 
Doro- 
arendott, 
St.  Jago 
villages  j 
3,6»6  ne- 
ar! (Iks  of 
and,  Port 
Ak  in  the 
Kingfton 

59  f"Raf 
Corn- 

cUwncy. 

land,  St. 

.la-Mar, 

09  liigar 

:s.    The 

churches 

and 


St. 


s 


JAM 

and  chapelt;  and  each  narlfh  hat  a 
re6tor  and  other  church  onicers.  Pre- 
fentationt  to  liviniKt  are  made  by  the 
commander  in  chief.  The  number  of 
white  inhabitants  in  1787,  was  30,000$ 
freed  n.'grocs  10,000}  iniroons  14001 
and  (lives  « $0,000  {  in  alH  304,000. 
The  value  of  this  ifland  as  Bi  itifh  pro- 
pcrty,  is  fHioiafed  as  follows*  150,000 
negroes  ut  {^.^r>  ih-riinK  each,  it\  mil- 
lions ;  the  l.iH'led  and  pcrlbnal  property 
and  l)uildinu;s  to  which  they  arc  appur- 
tenant, s;  millions  more;  the  houri-.i> 
and  property  in  the  towns,  and  the  vet- 
fe Is  employed  in  trade,  i\  millions;  in 
all  39  millions.  The  exports  of  Ja- 
iDuica  for  one  year,  endlnor  the  5th  of 
January,  17S8,  amounted  in  ftcrling 
money  to  1,136,4411.  17s.  31I.  In 
178;  the  exports  to  the  United  States 
umuunii  I  tu  .60,095!.  1 8s.  and  imp;)rta- 
tions  tiom  the  United  States  to  the  value 
of/;. 90,000.  This  illand  was  originally 
A  part  of  theSpanid)  empire  in  America. 
It  was  reduced  under  the  Britifli  domi- 
nion by  Penn  and  Vcnables  in  1656,  and 
ever  fmce  has  been  fubjeft  to  Great- 
Britain.  The  government  of  it  is  one 
of  the  richeli  places  next  to  that  of  Ire- 
land, in  the  ilii'pufal  of  the  crown,  the 
llauding  I'alary  beinf^  j(;.X50o  per  an- 
niun,  and  the  aflcmbly  commonly  vote 
as  much  more  to  tlic  governor ;  which, 
with  otlier  perquilitcs,  make  it  on  the 
wliule  little  iefs  than  ^.10,000  a  ye!>r. 
This  line  illand  is  fulijc^  to  earth- 
quakes and  hurricanes,  which  have  done 
it  incredilile  damage.     Sec  IVeft-ltuiies 

■  and  CtiJ  SprtM^. 

James's  Bay  lies  at  the  bottom  or 
molt  fxitheni  part  of  Hudlon's  Bay, 
with  which  it  communicates,  and  divides 
New- Britain  from  South  Wales.  It  con- 
tains ivvcral  iflands,  among  which  are 
Boar,  Vmers,  CharLton,  and  Agomifca 
id  inds.  MiLhipicatoii  river,  which  falls 
into  Lake  Superior,  has  its  fource  to- 
waids  this  bay,  from  whence  tliere  is 
faid  to  be  but  a  fliort  portage  to  Moolc 

■  river,  which  falls  into  James's  Bay. 

J^Mhs,  Cape  St.  is  the  routhernmoft 
extremity  of  Wailiiugton  lAes,  on  the 
north-weft  coaft  of  North-America. 

James's  Island  lies  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  Charleftown  harbour,  in  South- 
Carolina,  oppoiite  to  CharleliowR,  and 
contains  about  50  families.  It  is  fepa- 
ratcd  from  John's  Ifland  «n  the  w»ft- 
wrsrd  by  Stouo  riv«r..  . 


Jamki, 


JAM 


«# 


, »  navigable  river  of  Vhfiwii, 
called  auc'itntlyf  C'wbatan  by  the  In- 
dians, aifurds  harbour  for  vetrele<^an]r 
lise  in  Hampton  Road,  but  nut  in  fafetT 
through  the  whole  winter)  and  there  w 
navigable  water  for  them  as  far  a*  Mul- 
berry Illand.  A  40  gtm  fltip  goe<  to 
Jamedown,  and,  lightening  herielf,  ma^ 
pais  to  HarrifoQ's  Bar,  un  which  there 
IS  only  1 5  feet  water.  Veflels  of  a50 
tons  may  r:o  to  Warwick )  thofe  of  i»  j 
^o  to  Ruckrts's,  a  mile  below  Rich- 
uiond,  trom  tlience  is  about  7  feet 
water  to  Richniond}  and  about  the 
centre  uf  the  tiiwn  4^  feet,  where  tile 
navigation  i'k  interrupted  by  falls,  which 
in  a  courl'e  of  6  miles,  delicend  about  So 
feet  perpendicular.  A  canal  is  nearly 
ur  quite  cuniplettd  for  the  pnfling  of 
buats  by  tlnle  falls.  Above  tht&:  the 
river  is  navi^!,able  for  batteaux  and  ca- 
noes to  within  10  miles  of  the  Biiue 
Ridge  and  even  through  the  Blue 
Ridge  a  ton  weight  h-'s  been  brought} 
and  the  expenfe  would  not  be  great* 
when  compared  with  its  obje£t,  taojieft 
a  tolerable  navigation  4ipJackfon'«  river 
and  Carpenter's  Creek,  to  within  15 
miles  ot  Howard's  Creek  of  Oreen 
Briar,  both  of  which  have  then  watA* 
enough  to  float  veflels  into  the  Great 
Kanhaway.  In  ibme  future  fiate  of 
population,  it  is  poflible  that  its  navi* 
gation  may  alio  be  made  to  interlock 
with  that  of  the  Patowtnac ;  and  thro* 
that  to  communicate  by  a  Qxott  portage 
with  the  Ohio. 

James  Ci  rv,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
0  miles  long  and  11  broad,  lying  be- 
tween Chickahominy  and  Janrics's  riv- 
ers. It  conflns  4070  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 2405  flavci. 

James,  a  fort  on  the  north  fide  of 
Lobiollo  Bay,  in  the  illand  of  Antigua, 
in  the  head  of  which  is  St.  John's 
harbour. 

James,  a  creek  in  Delaware  which 
empties  into  Delaware  Bay,  11  miles 
below  Houk  Ifland.  Dover,  the  feat  of 
government,  ftands  on  this  creek,  5 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

James  Dartmouth  Fort,  a  fartrefs  at 
the  confluence  of  Broad  with  Savannah 
river.  It  was  ere6fed  under  the  Britifk 
government,  and  defigned  as  a  defencc 
of  a  commercial  and  jiolitical  intercourft 
with  the  Indians. 

James's,  St,  a  town  of  Maryland, 
(ituated  in  Kent  county,    tour  miles 

fouth- 


ib«t]i>««.l«rljr  of  the  town  of  CheT 

jAMiSt  Goosi  C*|IK,  St.  a  pa- 

riih  in  Charleftown  dittrift,  S.  Carolina, 
coMtaintfigi7l7  inhubitantii  of  whom 
•  31 J  are  (lavci. 

Jami»  SantbBi  St.  a  pirifh  in  the 
thovc  lUftrifk  containinnf  3797  inhabit 
ttala ;  of  whom  437  are  whitt's*  and 
J34J  flnvet. 

jAMiiTOWN,  foroKrly  the  metro- 
poiit  of  Virginia,  and  county- town  of 
James  City  county.  In  1777  it  had  hut 
WW  family.  Tne  church  and  other 
iHukliaga  are  mouldering  to  ruins.  It 
M  tlw  oldcrt  town  in  the  iettlrmcntii 
lonncd  by  the  EiiglUh  in  Nonh.Anteri- 
ca.  It  is  fitintcd  on  a  peninAiia,  on 
thti  N.  fide  of  Jaine»*t  river,  3s  miles 
livm  Point  Comfort,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  in  Chefajieak  Bay.  It  is  t 
miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Williamlbiirgh,  and 
kt  S.  E.  by  E.  of  Kkhmoud.    N.  lat. 

Jamss,  Great  nml  Little,  St. 
two  of  the  iinallcr  Virgin  Kks,  iituat> 
cd  in  the  King's  Channtl  eaft  of  Tor- 
tola,  and  weit  ol  St.  Thomas,  between 
which  and  them  is  St.  Jamts's  PaflSige. 

James's  Toivn,  in  the  ifland  of  Bar- 
badoes,  in  the  Weft- Indies,  is  fituared 
in  Sr.  James's  parifii,  on  the  welt  fide 
of  the  ifland. 

Jan  KIR  A,  Rio  oe.  fee  Rii  de  Ja- 
neira. 

jA<^lMEt.     See  Jacmel. 

jAquET,  a  river  on  the  fbuthem  fide 
r-f  Chaleur  Bay,  called  by  the  Indians 
Booeumkiikt  ie  about  3  leagues  weft  of 
Milii  Down.  Here  is  a  Iniall  fuhiion 
iiiliery. 

jARniNE  DtL  Reyna,  a  vaft  cliif- 
ttr  of  iftes  and  rocks  on  the  ibulh  fide 
of  the  iftaiui  of  Cuba.  Thel'e  fumifti 
imnieni'e  uunibcrs  uf  large  and  fine  tur- 
tk. 

Jauptioni,  a  river  in  Louifiana 
which  runs  a  S.  £,  courlt:  and  empties 
into  thft  MiflTifippi  in  N.  lat.  39.  15. 
about  \6  wiles  ibuth  of  the  mouth  of 
Fabiani  river,  and  13. N.  of  that  of 
Oahaha  river. 

Jay,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland 
euuBty,  diftrifl  of  Maine,  lately  incor- 
porateii ;  and  thus  named  in  honour  of 
Jobo  Jay«  governor  of  the  State  of 
New- York. 

Jav's  Valleyt  a  fettlement  in  the 
town  of  Kattikiil,  State  of  New,>Yoik» 


JE  A 

formerly  called  Mimr  KiO.  This  naim 
was  changed  in  honour  of  the  prefeiit 
governor  ^'  New.  York. 

Jayna,  a  canton,  partfti,and  river  on 
the  Ibulh  fide  of  the  id  tnd  of  St.  Do< 
mingo.  The  rivers  Nigua  and  Jayiu 
&re«bout  4  leagues  apart  ^  ami  between 
them  lies  an  extenfive  and  fertile  plaiiH 
which  was  originally  an  abun<^<.nt  iourcit 
of  riches  to  tne  colonifts.  I'bc  quan- 
tity of  pure  gold,  that  was  dug  from 
its  cavities,  its  fugar,  cocoa, inttigo,  and 
other  plantations  paid  duties  to  a  great- 
er amount  than  thofe  now  paid  by  all 
the  Spanlftt  part  of  the  ifland  pot  to. 
gether.  It  was  in  this  territory,  and 
on  the  river  Jayna.  *but  the  famous  lump 
of  gold  W.18  tovnd,  which  the  Spanifti 
writers  fay  wcighutl  3600  SpaniOi  doU 
lars ;  without  mentioninir  many  others 
of  a  remarkable  fize.  The  ictllemcnis 
Gamboa,  Guayabal,  Bonaventura  and 
Cagnahola,  which  laft  was  formerly  call, 
ed  the  Whale,  are  very  incontiderabic  1 
the  whole  employment  of  the  people  if 
breeding  of  cattle,  or  the  waftting  of 
gold  fand.  Indigo  grows  wild  here.' 
The  river  Jayna  is  not  fbrdable  j  it  is 
crofted  in  canoes  and  fliins  at  a  50  fa* 
thorns  from  its  mouth}  and  the  animals 
are.  obliged  to  fwim  acrofs  it.  The 
coaft  lying  between  Jayna  and  St.  Do. 
mingo  is  of  rock,  almoik  pfrpendicu. 
lar,  in  general  from  6  to  1 5  feet  high. 
Oppolitc  this  coaft  are  a  number  of 
ftioals,  each  of  about  40  fathoms  wide. 
Towanis  the  fource  of  this  rivtr  were 
the  celebrated  gold  mines  of  St.  Chrif. 
topher's,  near  which  Columbus  ere6ted 
the  fort  of  that  name..  The  are  alio 
rich  fllver  mines  on  this  river.  The  el- 
tablilhments  in  the  plain  of  St.  Rofe, 
and  thole  on  the  Jayna  ought  to  be 
locketl  upon  as  depending  on  the  city 
of  Sr.  Domingo.  They  are  reckoned 
to  contain  looo  perfons ;  for  the  moft 
part  people  of  colour,  free  and  flaves. 

Jean  Rabel,  a  town  on  the  N.  W. 
part  of  the  north  peninfula  of  the  iftand 
of  Domingo,  in  19.  55.  N.  lat.  and 
in  75.  4a.  W.  long,  from  Paris.  It  is 
4.  leagues  eaft  of  the  Mole,  and  3a  weH 
of  Cape  Francois.  Jean  Rabel  Point 
forms  the  anchorage  of  that  na^e, 
which  is  good,  faf'e,  and  eafy  to  fetch. 
You  can  anchor  in  1 5  fathoms.  You 
may  go  fiirther  in  as  fai'  as  8  fathoms  { 
but  it  is  Aot  fafe,  as  the  water  (hoals 
Aiddcnly,  and  the  ground  is  not  ib  clean 

inHdc. 


were 


JBN 

infld«.  Tht  D^Ureadmrtt  or  landing  I 
place,  ia  a  very  good  one,  even  if  there 
(hould  be  a  IWelff  it  ia  under  the  fort, 
which  in  exceedingly  well  placed,  and 
makes  it  a  very  good  retreat  from  an 
enemy.  The  grounds  hold  well,  and 
the  only  winds  to  €ear  are  the  N.  and 

H.w. 

JgrriRSOM,  Fort,  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  is  litiiated  on  a  fmall  iiream 
which  falls  into  the  Great  Miami )  con- 
tains about  loe  men)  «i  miles  north 
of  Fort  St.  Clair.    N.  lat.  4.0.  4. 

JlPrBRSON,  a  fort  on  the  eaft  bank 
of  tlie  Miflifippi,  in  Kentucky,  near  the 
line  of  the  State  of  Tenncflec. 

Jbpperson,  a  town  of  Virginia,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  N.  fide  of  Roanoke  river, 
19  miles  below  the  Oeconeachey  iflands. 
N.  lat.  36.  31. 

Jefpekson,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
bounded  north  and  wett  by  Ohio  river, 
ibuth  by  Nclfon  county,  and  S.  E.  and 
£.  by  Shelby.  It  contains  4  $6  5  inha- 
bitants} of  whom  1176  are  Haves.  Chief 
town,  LouilVille,  at  the  Rapids  of  the 
Ohio.  DriHHOk's  Lick,  in  this  county, 
lies  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  Kentucky  riv- 
er, about  I  5  miles  from  its  mouth}  and 
is  feparated  from  the  famous  medicinal 
fpring  by  a  fmall  rivulet. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  Tenneflee, 
and  in  Hamilton  di(lri£^,  which  con- 
tained by  the  State  cenfus  of  1795, 
784.0  inhabitants,  of  whom  776  were 
(laves. 

Jefferson,  a  new  county  of  Geor- 
gia, ereiUd  in  1796,  from  the  counties 
of  Burke  and  Warren,  bordering  on 
Ogeeclice  river,  and  Briar  and  Big 
(reeks.  Courts  and  ele^ions  are  held 
at  Louifville  for  this  county,  a  court- 
houfe  not  being  yet  ere£{ed. 

JtiFFREY*8  Ledge,  a  fand-bank  off 
the  coaft  of  New-England,  between 
Cape  Ann  and  Calco  Bay,  extending 
from  the  north  eaftward  to  the  i</'Jth- 
weftward;  between  42.  40*  and  43.  37. 
30.  N.  lat.  and  between  68.  51.  30.  and 
$9.  45.  W.  long. 

Jekyl  Sound,  in  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Alatamaha,  in  Georgia,  which  will 
afford  I'afe  riding  for  a  dozen  fltips  of 
40  guns. 

Jbnkintown,  a  village  in  Mont- 
gomery county,  Pennfylvania,  |0  miles 
north  of  Philadelphia. 

JBNUCH8NAD&GA,  an  Indian  village 
in  f  «[infylva>^  lituat^d  on  the  \^. 


J  BR  tft 

bank  of  AIU|lumy  riwr,  S  mlka  9, 9, 
W.  finom  that  of  TeuOuHMiiftaf  ^g0|||. 
ta,  and  148.  E.  from  tht  oiitkt «Cmu 
taughque  Lake. 

JtaiMii,  a  jurifiliAlan,  town,  and 
cape,  within  the  bite  or  bay  of  Leo- 
gane,  and  on  the  IbotlMm  peninfula  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  PomingD.  TMs  ia  the 
wefternn(K>ft  jurildi£lion  of  the  ifland, 
contains  s  pariflies,  and  is  ctlebratcd 
for  the  excellency  of  its  foil*  but  parti- 
cularly tor  the  culture  of  coffite.  Itl 
export!  from  Jan.  1, 1719,  to  Dec.  31, 
of  the  fame  year,  were  as  follow  t  t4xoH)* 
white  fugar— 147,760  lb.  brown  fii« 
gar — 5,440,646  lb,  coffee— j4,7S6  lb. 
cotton—598  lb.  indigo;  and  variooa  ar- 
ticles to  the  value  of  S97  livres.  TIte 
exportation  duty  on  theftf  produfliona 
amounted  to  iSi3*8  dollars  6  cenfs. 
The  town  (lands  on  the  well  fide  of  the 
bay  and  at  the  mouth  of  a  brook,  a. 
league  S.  by  W.  of  Point  Jeremir,  1 1 
due  N.  of  Port  a  Piment  on  the  f»uth 
fide  of  the  peninfula,  and  nearly  1  ica^uea 
call  of  Cape  Dame  Marie.  Point  Jere> 
mie  lies  in  N.  lat.  18.  41.  30.  W.  long, 
from  Paris  76.  3s. 

Jerbmys(^am,  an  ifland  in  Lin« 
coin  CO.  Diftriil  of  Maine,  which,  with 
Folly  Ifland,  form  the  mouth  of  Shecpf<» 
cott  river  in  Wifcalfet  Bay. 

Jerico,  a  townOiip  In  Chitt«ndt-n 
county,  Vermont,  lies  S.  E.  of  Eflfex, 
and  N.  E.  of  Will  id  jn,  and  feparated 
from  the  latter  by  Onion  river,  and  con- 
tains 381  inhabitants. 

Jerico,  a  poll  town  of  New- York, 
fituated  in  Tioga  county,  between  Clie- 
nengo  river  and  the  eail  branch  of  Suf- 
quehannah. 

Jerom,  Fort,  St.  a  fort  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  ifiand  of  St.  Domingo, 
on  the  lea  fide,  and  near  the  road  from 
the  city  of  St.  Domingo,  and  in  the  can- 
ton of  Jayna.  It  is  no  more  than  a  for- 
tified redoubt  in  mafonry ;  but  it  iacon" 
flru£leii  with  art. 

Jersey  Field,  a  fettlement  in  Nor- 
way townlhip,  in  Herkemer  county. 
New- York,  on  the  fouth-eaflera  fide  of 
Canada  creek. 
Jersey.  See  Neno-Jerfty, 
Jerusalem,  a  townfhip  in  Ontario 
county,  New- York.  Of  its  inhabitants, 
113  are  ele^ors.  The  compa6l  part  of 
it  forms  a  hanlbme  to'vn,  fiiuated  on 
the  W.  fide  of  Seneca  Lake,  and  con- 
taios  about  jo  famiiiesj^  th^  foUowera  of 

Jemima 


as*  J  on 

jOoimaWitkinfon.    It  is  10  miles  N. 
%.  by  N.  of  Bah,  %ncl  16  S,  &.  W.  of 

Jerusalem,  or  Funks  Town,  a  fown 
•f  Miirybnd,  fitwatui  in  Wa(hington 
couoty  on  Antictani  creek,  abouc  i\ 
■^y«s'  S.  W.  of  Elizaheth-Town.  It 
con*ai»v.  about  50  dwtUinjs,  aiKl  a 
Gcr.nan  chifrct». 

jERPiAtEM,  Old.   See  Falkn  City. 

Jeruvo,  ii  niowntain  fjtuattd  in  th« 
valley  of"  Urcciu>>  in  Mexico  or  N€w- 
Spaio,  is  a  great  curibiity.  Before  the 
year  1760,  here  v«^»  nothing  of  it  bi»t 
» imall  hill,  where  there  was  a  iugar 
|»JantJ>*:on.  But  on  the  t9th  of  Se|>teni 
l>cr,  »/6o,  it  buiit  with  furions  Shocks, 
anij  vnrirely  ruinc:!  the  I'ugar.works 
3««l  fhe  HeighboTuiriff  village  of  Guaca- 
na ;  .-inci  from  thi't  tiui*;  Iws  continued 
to  emit  five  and  burning  rocks,  which 
have  formetl  fh:mfelves  into  three  high 
meantains,  whole  ciic;;iviiciciicc  was 
B«5trly  6  miles  in  i-  56.  The  afl;es  at 
the  irruption  we-  :  forced  to  thv'  dil- 
tance  of  1 50  miles.  In  tlu^  city  of  Va- 
ladolid,  60  niles  diftant,  it  rained  .ilhes 
in  I'tich  abundantf,  that  they  were 
obiifcd  to  Iweep  the  ynrtls  i;f  their 
hrjtiies   two  or  three  times  during  the 

jBStrs,  Isle  de,  a  fm.dl  ifland  lying 
S  cJegrces  due  north  cf  the  Now  He- 
brides Illuid,  and  14.50  Iragucs  weft  ot 
*kc  coatt  of  Penj,  in  S.  lat.  6.  50.  E. 
long,  from  Paris  165.  dilcovercd  t.y 
Mcndana,  Jan.  loih,  15^17,  inhabited 
by  a  Coppered  coloured  and  mulatto  race 
of  men. 

John,  Bayouk  of,  St.  a  little 
criok  which  furnillr':  a  verv  ealy  com- 
niiinKration  trom  New  Ofitans  toWclt- 
Florid.*.  It  is  n:i  igahle  for  vefltl'< 
drawing  ahour  4  ieet  waur  6  miles  up 
from  the  Lake  Ponc!;aitra;n,  where 
there  ib  a  l.ir.ding  pjjice,  ut  wliich  vef- 
Iwis  luud  and  iinlu.-iti  :  this  is  about  two 
niiio>  fi'om  the  town.  Tiie  entj-ance  of 
the  Bayouk  ot  St.  John  is  ditende<l  l^y 
a  battery  of  five  or  iix  canno!i.  There 
arc  ibme  plantations  on  '.le  Bayouk, 
a  vl  on  tile  joad  from  thence  to  New- 
Uileans. 

John  de  Frontiera,  St.  is  the 
chief  town  of  the  province  of  Cuyo  in 
Peni. 

John's  IsLAyo,  in  South-Carolii'ia, 
lies  S.  W.  of  CharltDcwn  haibovu  di- 
vided from  Janies'  IC^nd  by  Stono  riv- 


J  O  H 

rr,  which  forms  a  convi   icnt  and  (ife 
harbour. 

John's  Coll.bob,  St.  in  Marylancf, 
is  fituat.d  in  the  city  of  Annapolis,  wns 
inftituted  in  1784,  to  have  34.  trud'ets, 
with  powtr  to  keep  up  the  i'ucct<fIion 
by  fuppiying  vacincies,  and  to  receivd 
an  annual  incoinc  of  j(^.9Coo.  it  has  a 
peimanent  fnnd  of  £^ij^o  a  year,  cut 
of  the  monies  ariling  from  marriage  Ii- 
ecnftsy  ftnes  and  fbtfcitiircs  on  the  Weft- 
ern  Short.  This  college,  with  Wa(h- 
ington  college  at  Chetiertowfi,  conftt' 
tute  one  univerfity,  named  "TheUni- 
verfwy  of  Maryland."  The  convoca- 
tion of  rhe  Univerfity  of  Maryland',  wh» 
are  to  frame  the  laws,  prefcrve uniformi- 
ty of  manners  and  literatore  in  the  coU 
leges,  confer  tite  higlicr  degrees,  deter- 
mine appeals,  &c. 

John's,  St.  one  0*'  the  chief  towns 
of  Newfoundland  iiland,  fituated  on  the 
ealt  Goaft,  6  miles  north-wetl  0!-  Cape 
Spear,  and  18  fouth-eali  of  Cape  St. 
Francis.  N.  lat.  47.  31.  W.  long.  52. 
21.  It  lies  on  the  bay  of  the  litme 
name.  Its  harboiir  is  one  of  the  bel^  in 
the  ifland,  and  has  from  10  to  17  fa- 
thoms water  up  to  King's  wharf,  whicli 
is  a  lit  le  toti<e  .N.  W.  of  the  Old  Fort, 
at  the  bottom  or  the  town,  and  is  a  mile! 
from  the  month  of  the  harbour.  A  mile 
further  is  the  mouth  of  Callor  river,  in 
which  didarjcc  there  is  from  14.  to  4^ 
lathoivis  of  water.  On  the  S.  fide  ot 
the  rivc  •  is  Kin^j/s  wharf,  an  hofpital, 
and  a  watcrniir  place.  Near  thelc  are 
the  hills  called  the  High  Lands  of  St. 
John's.  N.  lat.  47.  33.  W.  long.  51,. 
29. 

John's,  St.  a  bay  and  iflnnd  on  the 
vjcti  coalt  of  Newfoundland  ifland,  in 
the  f^ulf  of  St.  l/»wrenfe,  at  the  Ibuth- 
weft  end  of  the  Straits  ot  Btlliile. 

John's  River,  St.  in  Eaft-Florida 
rileb  in  or  near  a  l.uge  fwamp  in  tiie 
he;irt  <;f  F.aftFlorida,  and  purines  l 
northern  courfe,  in  a  broad  navigable 
rtream,  which  in  feveral  places  I'preads 
into  brond  bays  or  lakes;  of  which 
J  akc  Get.rgc  is  ths  chief.  Vellels  that 
draw  9  or  10  feet  water,  may  navigatf 
lafcly  through  the  weft  channel  into  S» 
John's  river  as  far  as  Lake  George } 
which  fee.  The  bar  at  thetJvouth  is  li- 
abie  tofluft.  It  is  10^  lo'igues  N.  of 
St.  Auguftiue. 

John's  KiVER,  LittU  5'/.  in  Weft- 
Florida,  falls  into  Apalaclie  Bay,  about 

10 


Ba 


are 

Sr, 

5«v 

the 
in 

nith- 

orida 
the 
les  ti 
■  able 
reads 
.rhich 
that 
igar* 
oS' 

'»ge» 
is  li- 
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■VTt'ft. 
biHit 

lO 


to  miles  tiaftinmrd  of  Apftlache  river. 
It  is  faid  to  be  ttie  eldireft  and  piireft  of 
any  in  America,  is  about  too  yards 
broad,  and  about  1 5  orio  feet  deep  at 
:he  town  of  Talahafochte.  The  fwamp 
called  Ouaqiiaplienogaw  is  laid  to  be 
its  fomxe,  which  is  lOo  miles  by  land 
from  Talahalbchte,  and,  following  its 
windings,  from  the  fea  too  n«!es.  The 
Indians  and  tradeis  i'ay  it  has  no 
tMranches,  or  rributra-ies,  which  fall  into 
it;  but  that  it  is  fed  by  great  fprings 
which  break  out  thruiigh  the  hanks. 

JO«J»X  St.  is  tktf  largeft  river  in 
theBrittfli  province  of  Kew-Brunfwick. 
From  its  month  e«i  the  north  fide  of  the 
Bay  (rfPundy,  to  its  main  fource  is 
corputed  to  be  350  miles.     The  tide 
flows  80  or  90  miles  tip  this  river.     It 
is  navigable  for  floops  of  50  tons  60 
miles,  ami  for  boats  too.     Its  general 
coiirfe  from  its  foxirce  is  E.  S.E.     It 
furniflies  tlie  greattft  plenty  of  falmon, 
bais,  and  fturgeon :  and  is  the  common 
route  to  Quebec.     About  a  mile  above 
the  city  ot  St.  John's  is  the  only  en- 
tranc-  into  this  river.     It  is  about  80 
or  lu    yards  wide,  and  about  400  yards 
in  Kmgch ;  called  the  falls  of  the  river. 
It  being  narrow,  and  a  ridge  of  rocks 
running  acrofs  the  bottom  of  the  chan- 
nel, on  which  are  not  above  1 7  feet  of 
water,  it  is  not  iufficiently  fpacious  to 
difcharge  the  frefli  waters  of  the  river 
above.  The  common  tides  flowing  here 
about  10  feet,  the  waters  of  the  river,  at 
^ow  water,  are  alwut    is   feet  higher 
than  the  waters  of  the  fen;  at  high  wa 
tcr,  the  waters  of  the  fea  are  about  five 
jfeet  higher  than  thofe  of  the  » ivcr  ;  fo 
that  in  every  tide  there  are  two  fttlls, 
one  outwaidS  and  one  in-vards.     The 
only  time  of  pafling  with  lately  Is  at  the 
time  when  the  'Afaters  of  the  river  are 
level  with  the  waters  of  the  iti,  which 
is  twice  in  a  tide,   and  continues  not 
more  than  20   minutes  each  ti.ue.     At 
other  times  it  is  cither  impiffable  or  ex- 
tremely dangerous ;  rercnioling  the  p;if~ 
fage  of    Hell   Gate   near    New-York. 
The  banks  of  this  river,  f-nriched  by 
the  annual  frefhets,   are  excellent  land. 
About  30  miles  from  its   mouth  com- 
mences a  fine  level  countiy  of  rich  in- 
tervale  and  meadow  lands,  well  clothed 
with  timber  and  wood.  Inch  as  pine, 
Ijeech,  elm,  maple,  and  wi^lnut.    If  has 
many  tributary  dreams,  which  fall  into 
it  on  each  (vie,  among  which  are  the 


J  O  H  «5$ 

Oromofto  river,  by  which  the  tildiim 
have  a  communication  with  Paffiims- 
quoddy ;  the  Nafliwach  and  Madamkif- 
wick,  on  which  are  rich  intervales  that 
produce  aH  kinds  of  grain  in  the  bi{b- 
eft  perfeflion.  This  noble  river,  in  its 
numerous  and  extcnfive  brandies,  wa- 
ters and  enriches  a  large  traft  of  excel- 
lent counti-y,  a  great  part  of  which  is 
fettletl  and  tinder  improvement.  The 
up- lands,  in  general,  are  covered  with 
a  fine  growth  of  timber,  fuch  tis  pine 
and  fpruce,  hemjocfc  and  hard  wood, 
principally  beech,  blreh,  maple,  anA 
fome  adi.  The  pines  on  this  river  are 
the  largeft  to  be  met  with  in  Britrfli 
America,  and  afford  a  confiderable  fijp- 
ply  of  mafts,  fome  from  20  to  30  inches 
in  diameter,  for  the  Britifh  navy. 

John's,  St.  one  of  the  Vlr^m 
Iflands,  about  1  s  leagues  eaft  of  Porto 
Rico.  It  is  about  5  miles  long  and  one 
broad  and  ^  leagues  fouth  of  St.  Tho- 
mas. It  is  the  bcft  watered  of  all  the 
Virgin  Ifles ;  and  its  harbour,  called 
Crawl  Bay,  is  reckoned  better  than 
that  of  St.  Thomas,  and  pafles  for  the 
beft  to  the  leeward  of  Antigua.  There 
is,  however,  little  good  land  in  the 
ifland,  and  its  exportations  are  trifling. 

John's,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  near  the  northern  coaft 
of  Nova  Scotia,  to  which  government  it 
is  annexed.     It  is  117   miles  in  length 
from   N.  E-  to  S.  W.     The  medium 
brendth  is  20  miles;  but  between  Rich- 
mond  Bay  oil  the  north,  and    Hal'far 
Bay  on  the  (buth,  it  is  not  above  5  miles 
liroail.     The  otlier  bays  on  the  north 
fide  are  London  Harbour,  Graml  Raf- 
tied, and  Sr.  Peter's;  thofc  on  the  fouth 
(ide.Egmont,  Halifax,and  Hillfljorough. 
On  the  ealf  fide,  Three  River  Harbour, 
and  Murray  Harbour.     It  has  i'evcrrii 
fine  rivers,  a  rich  ihW,  and  is  pleafanily 
fituated.  Its  capital  is  Charlovte-Town, 
the  refidencc    of   the  lieutenant- gover- 
nor,   who    is   the   cliitf  officer  on  ths 
ifland.     The  inimber  of  inhabifan's  arc 
edimated    at    nhvuit   ccco.     Upt5n  the 
reduftioi   of  Cape  B' iron  in  1745,  the, 
inhabitants    quiorly  liihmitrcd    to    the 
Britifh  arms.     While  the  p'riiuh  pof- 
ItfTt'd  this  ifland,  they  iniprovtd  it  to  {» 
much  advantage,  as   that  it  was  called 
the  granary  of  Canaela,  which  it  fiirnifli- 
cd  with  j^reat  plenty  of  corn,  as  well  as 
beef  and   pork.     When  taken,  it  had 
icjooo  hea.i   of  black   cattle  upon  it, 

awl 


954  JO  it 

•ad  &ftn\  of  the  fanners  raifcd  i s,6oe 
lufliels  of  corn  annually.  Its  rivers 
abound  with  iaImon»  trout,  and  eels»  dnd 
the  furroundiiig  fea  affonis  plentv  of 
fturgeon«  plaice,  and  moft  kinds  of  fnell- 
fi/h.  The'iftand  is  divided  into  three 
counties,  viz.  King*s,  Queen^s,  and 
Princess  counties;  which  are  Aibdivided 
into  14  parifhes,  confifting  of  17  town-' 
.ftips,  which  in  all  make  1,363,400 
seres,  the  contents  of  the  ifland.  The 
chief  towns,  belides  the  capital^  are 
Georgetown,  Prince*s-Town }  bclides 
which  arc  Hillft>oroueh-Town,  Pownal- 
Town,  MaryboroHgn- Town,  &c.  It 
lies  between 45.  46.  and  47.  10.  N.  ht. 
and  between  44.  ss.  and  46.  32.  W. 
long. 

John's,  St.  the  north- weflernmoft 
towp  in  Sufl'cx  coiuity,  Delaware,  is 
iitu«tcd'at  the  head  of  the  middle  branch 
•f  Nr^nticoke  river,  about  *7  miles  N. 
£.  of  Vienna  in  Maryland,  and  aa  S .  by 
W.  of  Dover. 

John's,  St.  a  town  and  fort  in  Low* 
er  Canada,  fituated  on  the  weft  bank  of 
SoiTcl  river,  ut  the  north  end  of  Lake 
Champlain,  a  few  miles  foiithward  of 
Chamblee,  18  miles  fouthward  of  Mont- 
real. It  ha):  been  tilablifhed  as  the  fole 
port  of  entry  and  clearance  tor  all  goodii 
imported  from  the  interior  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  into  Canada,  by  an  ore 'nance 
publiihLTl  by  the  executive  council  of 
Lower  Canada,  the  7th  of  July,  1796. 
It  is  115  miles  northward  of  Ticondero- 
ga,  and  was  taken  by  General  Montgo- 
mery in  Nov.  1775.  N.  lat.  45.  9.  W. 
long.  72.  18. 

John,  St.  a  lake  in  Lower-Canada, 
which  receives  rivers  from  every  direc- 
,  tion,  and  lends  its  waters  through  Sagu- 
enai  river  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  Ta- 
doufac.  It  is  about  15  miles  each  way. 
John's  Berkley,  St.  a  parlfh  of 
S.  Carolina,  in  Charleftown  diflri£l, 
containing  %^t^  inhabitants ;  of  whom 
69s  are  whites,  and  5170  are  (laves. 

John's,  St.  a  Imall  ifland  in  the 
Weil- Indies  belonging  to  Denmark, 
north  of  St.  Croix,  and  fouth  of  Torto- 
la,  to  which  iaft  it  is  very  near.  It  is 
noted  only  for  its  fine  Itarhour,  which  is 
laid  to  be  fufiicient  to  co.itain  in  i'ufety 
the  whole  Britilh  navy.  It  has  a  num- 
ber of  fait  ponds,  which,  however,  are 
no  evidence  of  its  fertility. 

John's  Colleton,  St.  a  parifh  of 
S.  Caralioai  in  Chailcflowndillri^lf  con- 


J  OH 

Gaining  sjt^^mhabitants ;  of- whdf»  gt^ 
are  whites^  and  4705  flavet.  .     . 

jOHti'i,  St.  the  capiul  of  the  ifland 
of  Antigua  in  the  Weft^Indies.  It  is  at 
regiilarly  built  town*  with  a  harhour  of 
the  fame  name,  fituated  oo  the  weft 
fliore^  and  on  the  north-eaft  fide  of  Lob. 
lollo  Bay.  The  entrance  of  the  harbour 
is  defended  by  Fort  Janjes.  This  town 
is  the  refklence  of  the  governor  general 
of  the  leeward  dharaiSe  Iflands,  and' 
where  the  afl*embly  is  held^  and  the  port 
where  the  greateft  trade  is  carried  ont 
It  was  fo  flourifhing  as  to  receive  a  lofs 
by  a  ftorm,  to  the  vnlue  of  ^.400,000 
fterling.  N>  lat.  17.4*  Wi  long.  61.4; 

John,  St.  or  Juan  de  Per  to  Ric», 
the  capital  of  the  ifland  of  Pono  Rico> 
in  the  Weft-Indies.     See  Porto  Rico. 

JoHNSBURY,  St<  a  townfliip  in  Cai 
ledonia  cotmty,  in  Vermont,  t>ounded  S< 
W.  by  Danville,  and  has  14 j  inhabi- 
tants. 

Johnson  Fort,  in  S.  Carolina,  lies 
on  the  N.  E.  fide  of  James's  Ifland,  and 
S.  of  the  city  of  Charleftown.  It  ftands< 
at  the  entrance  of  the  harbour,  and  by 
which  no  veflel  can  pafs  unlefs  the  maf- 
ter  or  mnte  make  oath  that  no  malig-i 
nam  difttmper  is  on  board.  It  is  guard- 
ed by  110  n  c-n. 

Johnston  Fort,  orjobnfon  Fort^ 
in  N.  Carolina,  ftands  on  the  weftcrn 
bank  of  Cajie  Fear  river,  oppoiite  to  the 
ifland  on  the  fea-coaft  whofe  Ibuthem 
point  is  Cape  Fear. 

JOHNSONSBOROVGH,  a  poft-town  of 

New-Jeri'ey,  10  miles  from  Suflcx  rourt- 
houfe. 

Johnson's  Landino-Placb,  is  on 
Oyongwongyeh  Creek,  about  4  miles 
eaftward  of  Fort  Niagara. 

Johnson,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina, 
in  Newbern  diftri6l,  Iraunded  S.  E.  by 
Glafgow,  N.  by  Fi-anklin  and  Wayne 
counties,  and  S.  by  Sampfon*  It  con- 
tains 5634  inhabitants,  of  whom  1329 
are  flaves. 

Johnstown,  a  poft  town, and  the 
capital  of  Montgomery  county,  New- 
York,  fituated  on  the  N.  i)ank  of  Mo- 
hawk river,  24  miles  W.  of  €chenti5\ady« 
The  compa^l  part  of  the  town  is  a  little 
back  from  the  river,  and  contains  about 
70  houlcs,  a  Prefliyteriun  and  an  Epif- 
copal  church,  a  court-houfe  and  gaiJ* 
In  the  townfliip  593  of  the  iniiuhi- 
tants  are  eledois.  Caghnuwapa  ii>  a 
pariftj  or  diltriil  of  Johnilown,  26  miles 

above 


miles 


JON 

above  ScheneAady  on  the  river.  Settle*' 
ments  have  been  made  here  for-  about 
So  years.  Here  (land  the  dwelling 
houte,  barn,  and  out-houfes  (all  of  (lone) 
formerly  occumed  by  Sir  William  John - 
Ton.  This  kttlemenc  was  moftly  de- 
ih'oyed  by  the  Brttifh  in  the  year  17*0, 
who  were  joined  by  a  party  of  Indians 
and  others,  under  the  command  of  Sir 
William  Johnfon.  In  this  a£lion  it  is 
averted,  that  Sir  William  evinced  a 
want  of  feeling  which  would  have  dif- 
graced  a  lavage.  The  people  deftroyed 
in  this  expedition  were  his  old  neigh- 
bours, with  whom  he  had  formerly  liv- 
ed in  the  habits  of  friendfliip.  His  ef. 
tate  was  among  them ;  and  the  inhabi. 
tants  had  always  confidered  him  as  their 
friend.  Thefe  unfortunate  people,  after 
feeing  their  houCes  and  property  con- 
fumed,  were  hurried,  luch  a$  could 
walk,  into  eruel  captivity ;  thofe  who 
could  not,  fell  vi£lims  to  the  tomahawk 
and  fc^riping  knife. 

Johnston,  a"  townftiip  in  Provi- 
dence county,  Rhode-Ifland,  wefterly  of 
tlie  town  of  Providence,  having  13x0 
inhabitants. 

Johnston,  a  townfltip  in  Franklin 
county,  in  Vermont;  it  contains  93  in- 
habitants. 

JOL  Y,  a  poit  on  tke  S.  coaft  of  Nova- 
Scotia. 

JoNAS's  Sound,  the  mod  northern 
inlet  on  the  weftern  cosft  of  Sir  Thomas 
Smith's  Bay,  lying  near  the  ar£lic  cir- 
cle, in  latitude  76. 

Jones,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Newbern  di(tri£l:,  bounded  N*  by  Cra- 
ven. It  contains  314.1  free  inhabitants, 
and  168 1  (laves.  It  is  well  watered  by 
Trent  river,  and  its  tributary  dreams. 
Chief  town,  Trenton. 

JONESBOROUGH,  a  polt-town,  and 
chief  town  of  Wafliington  diltri6l  in 
Teiincflee,  is  the  feat  of  the  diftri6\  and 
county  courts.  It  has  but  few  hoults, 
having  been  but  lately  e(}abll(hed.  It 
is  z4  miles  from  Greenville,  101  from 
JK,noxville,  4.0  fi"om  Abinu;don  In  Vir- 
ginia, and  617  from  Philadelphia. 

JoNESEonouGH,  the  chief  town  of 
Camden  county  in  Edenton  diftrifl,  N. 
Carolina.  It  contains  a  courthoufe 
and  a  few  dwelllng-huitfes. 

JONE's-TowNjinPennfylvama.  See 
Williamjhurg, 

Jones,  Cape.     See  Lookout  Cape. 

JONKS's  PtANTATiON,  in  Lincoln 


10%  HS 

coohty,  Mftine,  was  tncorpofTted  liiy  th« 
name  of  Harlem,  in  Feb-  «-.  <79C« 
It  is  19  miles  N.  E.  of  ¥  ^j|,  4^ 
from  Pownalborough,  ana  ^13  N.  G, 
by  N,  of  BoAun.  It  contains.  16a  in- 
habitants. 

Jones's  Ford,  on  Brandywilne 
creek,  is  5  or  6  miles  above  Cluui''« 
Ford,  in  Pennfylvania. 

Jopr.A,  a  linall  town  in  Harfoid  co. 
Maryland,  so  miles  E.  by  N,  of  Balti- 
more, and  81  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia, 

Jordan's  River  prTes  thro'"  Tren- 
ton, in  the  Di(lri£l  of  Maine,  8  miles 
from  Union  river. 

Jo  re,  a  village  and  mountain  in  the 
Cherokee  country.  The  moinitain  is 
raid  to  be  the  higheft  in  the  Cberokeo 
country,  and  through  which  the  Ten- 
neflee  river  forces  its  waters.  The  In- 
dian village,  called  Jore,  is  fituated  in  a 
beautiful  lawn,  many  thoufand  feet  high- 
er than  the  adjacent  country.  Here  is 
a  little  grove  of  the  CafmeYapon,  called 
by  the  Indians  the  beloved  tree.  .They 
are  very  careful  to  keep  this  ti-ee  pruiKtl 
and  cultivated,  and  drink  very  ftron^ 
infiifion  of  the  leaves,  buds,  and  tender 
branches  of  this  plant.  It  is  venerated 
by  the  Creeks,  and  all  the  fouthem  ma- 
ritime nations  of  Indians. 

Joseph,  Lake  St.  in  N.  America, 
lies  E.  of  Lake  Sal,  and  fends  its  waters 
by  Cat  Lake  river  into  Cat  Lake,  and 
afterwards  forms  the  S.  £.  branch  of 
Severn  river.  The  lake  is  3  j  miles  long 
and  15  broad.  Ofnaburg  Houfe  is  on 
the  N.  E.  part  of  the  lake ;  which  fee. 

Joseph,  Ilet  a  Pierre,  a  village  mi 
the  wefternmoft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo  i  about  3  leagues  N.  W. 
of  the  village  of  Tiburon. 

Joseph's,  St.  in  the  p«ovince  of 
Califoi-nia,  in  Mexico,  N.  America. 
N.  lat  23.  3. 

Joseph's  Bay,  St.  on  thf  c.aft  of 
Weft- Florida,  is  of  the  figure  of  a  horfe 
(hoe,  being  about  12  miles  in  lengthy 
and  7  acrofs  where  broadeft.  The  bar 
is  narrow,  and  immediately  within  it 
there  is  from  4.  to  6 J  fathoms  loft 
ground.  The  beft  place  to  anchor,  is 
jult  within  the  peninlula,  oppofite  to 
Ibme  ruins  that  ftiU  remain  of  the  vii- 
lage  of  St.  Jofeph.  The  pen'mfula  be- 
tween St,  JoCeph's  and  Cape  Blaixe  is  a 
narrow  llip  of  land,  in  (()Oie  places  not 
abijve  a  qir  rlcr  of  a  mile  broad.  A 
'ery  good  eltablilhinent  might  be  mad* 

ht 


9^  J  U  A 

here  for  it  fifliery,  as  the  Tettlers  might 
make  Talt  on  the  fpot  to  cure  the  bafs, 
Tockf  cod»  grouper,  red  mullet,  &c. 
which  are  here  in  abundance. 

Joseph,  St.  a  water  which  runs  N. 
W.  into  the  S.  E.  part  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan. It  fprings  from  a  number  of  iWiall 
lakes,  a  little  to  the  N.  V7.  of  the  Mi- 
ami village.  The  Pawtewatemie  In- 
dians refide  on  this  river,  oppofite  Fi  rt 
St.  Jofeph.  They  can  raife  aco  war- 
riors. At  or  near  the  confluence  of  the 
rivera  St.  Mary's  and  St."  Jofeph's, 
where  Fort  Wayne  now  ftands,  the  In- 
dians  have  reded  to  the  United  States  a 
traft  of  6' miles  fquare. 

Joseph,  Tort  St.  is  fituated  on  the 
eaftem  fide  of  the  above  rive.  !ii  N.  lat. 
4S.  14.  W.  long.  id.  10.  It  is  about 
175  miles  S.W.  by  W.  of  Detroit,  to 
which  place  there  is  a  Ihaight  roa<l. 

Joseph,  St.  a  port  on  the  W.  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Trinidad,  near  the  coaft 
of  Terra  Firma. 

Joseph,  St.  a  fmall  town  and  port 
on  the  W.  point  oF  the  N.  penin 'ula  of 
the  ifland  of  Trinidad,  in  the  Weft-In- 
dies. 

Joseph,  St.  a  bay  on  the  weft  M<: 
•f  the  ifland  of  Trinidad,  defended  by 
a  finall  battery.  It  has  a  few  houfVs  on 
it,  and  lies  S.  E.  of  Port  of  Spain,  the 
capital  of  the  ifland.  Near  it  is  a  movm- 
tain  having  mineral  pitch. 

Juan,  St.  the  capital  of  California 
in  N.  America.  N.  lat.  a6.  15.  W. 
long.  114.  9. 

Juan,  Fort  St.  ftands  in  the  pro- 
vince of  New  Leon,  in  N.  America,  on 
the  S.W.  fide  of  the  Rio  Bravo,  in  the 
2ijth  degree  of  N.  latitude  and  loift  of 
W.  longitude. 

Juan  de  la  Frontera,  St.  a 
town  of  Chili  in  S,  America.  In  its 
neighbourhcKxl  are  gold  mines.  S.  lat. 
33.  25.  W.  long.  68.  55. 

Juan  de  Porto  Rjco.  Set  Porto 
Rico. 

Juan  de  '^uca,  Entrance  of.  See 
Fuco. 

Juan  Fern  ak  •>?  ■,,  m  ilst^d  in  the 
South  Pacific  ocea  ",  z^  lea;;  js  calf- 
ward  of  the  ifl^'nd  ot  .Vlafl'duero,  and 
390  weft  of  th':  c  '■  ;;>  .i.:.  S.  ;«(.  33, 
\i.W.  loij.  ;  9e  <j-  fro'r'  Or  'n":  h. 
It  is  fuppoi'ea  'o  i;,-7e  i>t.i>  inb,  ..^itcl  by 
a  Spaniard,  ',vhcfc  ni'.rne  1;  ret  ins;  al- 
though it  w>,s  io»  a;  iOi  I. "Ion?.' by  him 
ami  his  aattoi. ;  but  \t  ^r j; t,  t. uark^a'C 


JUlf 

'for  having  been  the  refidence  of  ATex> 
ander  Selkirk,  a  Scotchman,  whofe  life 
and  adventures  fumiflied  De  Foe  with 
the  ground-work  of  that  admirable  novel 
Robinfon  Crufoe.  The  harbour  lies  in 
Cumberland  Bay,  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  iflrmd.  Since  the  flitp  Columbia 
was  there,  no  foreigners  are  allowed  to  , 
anchor  in  the  road.  Mafa  Fuero  ijland 
lies  li  leagues  W.  by  S.  of  this  illand. 
Juan  Fernandes,  which  is  reprefented  as 
an  earthly  paradifc,  'urnifhed  retitfh- 
ment  to  Lord  Anfon's  fquadron  in  his 
voyage  round  the  wor'd.  Its  g-ntcft 
length  is  5  leagues  ;  its  hK^ndthlefs  than 
two.  On  the  foufhweft  is  a  Imnll  ifle 
called  Coat  JJlattJt  and  a  rock  called 
Monkey  Key,  almoft  contiguous  to  it. 
On  the  north  fide  are  three  bays ;  but 
the  middlcmoft  called  Cumberland  Bay» 
where  Comniodoie  Anion  anchoied 
with  his  fliips,  is  the  bell.  Thcfe  bayf, 
and  the  whole  coaft  abound  with  great  ' 
variety  of  filh  in  abundance.  Admiral 
Anfon  fowed  here  a  great  variety  o^, 
vegetables,  and  planted  plum,  apricot* 
and  peach  ftoncs,  which  the  Spaniards 
lay  are  now  thriving  "^rees. 

JuCATAN.     See  Yucaiatt. 

JuniTH,  Point,  the  iouth-eaftern- 
moft  point  of  Rhode-lUand  State,  fituat- 
ed  on  the  fea-coaft  of  Wafliington  co. 
in  South-Kingfton  townfliip. 

JUDOSA  Bay,  in  Louillana,  lies  in 
the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
A  chain  of  iflands  form  a  communica- 
tion between  it  foutli-wcftward  of  St. 
Bernard's  Bay. 

JuMAM,  St.  a  harbour  on  the  coaft 
of  Patagonia,  in  South- America,  where 
Ihips  boxind  to  the  Pacific  cJcean  ufually 
touch  for  rcfreihmeni:.  S.  lat.  43.  51. 
W.  long.  65.  ic. 

Julienne.     Set  Neybe. 

Juliet,  ^fouNT,  in  North- Ameri- 
ca, lies  on  the  north  fide  of  Illinois 
river,  oppofite  the  pl:ice  where  that  riv- 
er is  formed  by  the  juuflioii  of  Tlieaki- 
Jci  and  Plein  rivers.  The  middle  of 
Mount  Juliet  is  in  N.  lat.  42.  5.  W. 
long.  88.  44. 

JuMi'iNG    Point.    See  Nci'vefink 
Harbour. 

JujJ.  JS,  a  milltaiy  town/hip  in  New- 
Yc  V  State,  bounded  north  by  Galen, 
and  touth  by  Romulus. 

J  H  N 1  u  s  C  R  E  F  K ,  a  northern  branch 
of  tne  Little  Ka-.ihaway,  which  inter- 
locks with  the  weftern  waters  of  Mo- 

nongahil* 


Iicri- 
tnois 
]  riv- 
taki- 
|e  of 
W. 

Jew- 
ilcn, 

jnch 

iter- 
iMo- 


K  A  M 

inongahela  river)  and  which  may  one 
day  admit  a  (horter  pafla^  from  the 
latter  into  the  Ohio.   See  Litth  Kanba- 

JVRVYO.    See  Mexico, 


KAATS'  Baan,  in  New-York 
State,  lies  on  the  weft  bank  of 
Hndfon's  river,  fcven  miles  foutherly 
from  Kaats'  Kill,  and  ii  N.E.  by  N. 
from  Efopus. 

Kaats'  Kill,  or  Catfiillf  a  fmall 
village  of  30  or  40  houles  and  ftores, 
in  the  State  of  New- York,  fituated  on 
the  weft  fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  about 
100  rods  from  its  bank  ;  5  miles  Ibuth 
of  HudiM  city,  and  125  north  of  New- 
York.  It  Jjas  the  appearance  of  a  thriv- 
ing place,  and  it  is  in  contemplation  to 
ere£l  buildihes  on  a  marfliy  point,  on 
the  margin  orthe  river,  for  the  advan- 
tage of  deeper  water,  the  creek  on 
which  the  ftores  now  ftand  being  too 
lliallow.  The  townfliip  of  this  name 
contains  1980  inhabitants,  of  whom  ^3 
are  eleftors,  and  305  flrves. 

ICaats'  Kill,  la  creek  on  which 
ftands  the  above  town. 

Kaats*  Kill  MouMtains,  in  the  vi- 
cinity  of  the  above  town  on  the  weft 
bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  which  make 
a  majeftic  appearance.  Thei'e  are  the 
firft  part  ot  the  chain  of  mountains 
called  the  Alleghany,  or  Appalachian 
mountains. 

Kahnonwolouale,  the  principal 
village  of  the  Oneida  Indians,  in  which 
is  Oneida  Caftle,  about  xo  miles  S.  of 
W.  from  Whiteftown,  and  ta  W.  of 
Paris.  There  is  but  one  framed  houfe 
ill  this  village^  Their  habitations  are 
but  a  fmall  improvement  upon  the  an- 
cient 'wig<wa)As\  and  are  fcattered 
fparfely  throughout  an  enclofure  of  fe- 
veral  miles  in  circumference,  within 
which  they  keep  their  cattle,  horfes, 
and  fwine,  and  without,  plant  their  corn 
and  fow  their  grain. 

Kahokia.     See  Cabokia. 

KAMTSCHAtKA  Sea  lies  between 
the  continents  of  Afia  and  America.  In 
66.N.lat.  theyare  feparated  by  a  ttrait 
only  18  miles  wide.  Captain  Cook,  in 
his  laft  voyage,  hat  eftablifhed  the  cer- 
tainty of  this  near  approximation  of  the 
continents,  beyond  a  doubt ;  and  that 


KAI9  357 

the  inhabitants  of  caoh>  continent  arf . 
fimilar,  and  £req|aently  par»  and  repa£i. 
in  canoe*  from  one  continent  to  tba 
other.    Fromthcfe  and  other  circum«: 
ftances  it  is  rendered  highly  probaUfr 
that  An.erica  was  firft  peopled  from  the 
N.E.  parts  of  Afi^.    But  fince  the  EC 
quimaux  Indian',  are  manifeftly  a  fepa- 
rate  fpecies  of  nxen,  and  bear  a  near  re« 
femblance  to  tie  northern  Europeans,  it 
is  believed  thav  the  Bfquimaux  Indiana 
emigrated  from  the  north- weft  parts  o£ 
Europe. 

K  A  N  A  w  A,  or  KatAanxia,  a  large 
mountainous  county  on  the  weftem  line 
of  Virginia,  having  the  Ohio  river  on 
the  north-weft,  and  Kentucky  weft. 
The  population  of  this  county  is  include 
ed  in  Green  Briar,  being  6015  inhabi- 
tants, including  319  flaves.  About  7 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  Elk  river  in  this 
county,  is  a  burning  fpring,  capacious 
enough  to  hold  4.0  gallons.  A  uitumt- 
nous  vapour  conftantly  iflfues  from  it» 
which  agitating  the  fanid  around  it,  givea, 
it  the  appearance  of  a  boiling  fpring«» 
On  prefenting  a  torch  within  1 8  or  xo 
inches  of  the  mouth,  it  flames  up  in  a 
column,  4.or  s  feet  in  height,  and  about 
18  inches  diameter,  and  which  fomc- 
times  burns  xo  minutes,  and  at  other, 
times  has  continued  3  days.  General 
Clarke  kindled  the  vapour,  ftaid  about 
an  hour,  and  left  it  burning. 

KanaWageres,  an  Indian  village 
on  the  weft  fide  of  Geneflee  river,  4. 
miles  weft-fouth-v  eft  of  Hartford  in  the 
Geneflee  country  'n  New- York, 

Kanhaway,  Great,  a  riverofVir . 
ginia  of  confiderable  note  f^r  the  fertUi- 
ty  of  its  lands,  and  ftill  more  as  leading 
towards  the  head  waters  of  James's  riv- 
er. But  it  is  doubtful  whether  its  great 
and  numerous  rapids  will  admit  a  navi- 
gation, but  at  an  expenfe  to  which  it 
will  require  ages  to  render  its  inhabi- 
tants equal.  The  great  obftacles  begin 
at  what  are  called  the  Great  Falls,  90 
miles  above  the  mouth,  below  which  are 
only  5  or  6  rapids,  and  thefe  paflable 
with  fome  difficulty  even  at  low  water. 
From  the  falls  to  the  mouth  of  Green 
Briar  is  100  miles.  It  is  280  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth.  The  head  waters  of  this 
river  are  in  the  weftern  part  of  North- 
Caroiina,  in  the  moft  eafterly  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  or  Appalachian  moun- 
tains, and  fouth  of  the  36th  degree  of 
latitudct     Its  bead  branches  encircle 

R  thoie 


tin 


K  AS 


thofe  or  tfie  Holfton,  frdm  which  they 
•rt  feninited  by  the  Iron  Mountain, 
through  Which  it  oafles  lo  miles  above 
the  lead  mines.  About  60  miles  from 
Little  river  it  receives  Green  Briar  river 
fifom  the  eaft,  which  is  the  only  confi 
derabie  tributary  ftream  in  all  that  dif- 
tance.  About  forty  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  Green  Briar  river,  in  Virginia, 
in  tite  Kanhaway,  is  a  remarkable  cata- 
raft.  A  large  rock,  a  little  elevated  in 
the  middle,  crofles  the  bed  of  the  river, 
over  which  the  water  (hoots,  and  falls 
about  50  feet  perpendicularly,  except  at 
one  fide  where  the  defcent  is  more 
gradual.  The  great  Kanhaway  is  196 
miles  below  Pittfburg,  and  is  navigable 
moft  of  the  year }  and  a  waggon  road 
may  be  made  through  the  mountain 
which  occafions  the  falls,  and  by  a  port, 
age  of  a  few  miles  only,  a  communica. 
tion  may  be  had  between  the  waters  of 
Great  Kanhaway  and  Ohio,  and  thofe 
of  James''s  river  in  Virginia.  Down  this 
river  great  quantities  of  goods  are  con- 
veyed up  the  Kentucky  river,  others  on 
horfeback  or  in  waggons  to  the  fettled 
part,  and  fold  on  an  average,  at  100 
per  cent,  advance.  See  ^ui^  '  -  Spring, 
Kanhaway,  Little,  a  ihiali  na- 
vigable river  of  Virginia,  which  is  150 
Sards  wide  at  its  mouih,  and  is  naviga- 
te 10  miles  only.  Perhaps  its  northerly 
branch,  called  Junius  Creek,  which  in- 
terlocks with  the  weftern  waters  of 
Monongahela,  may  one  day  admit  a 
Ihorter  pafljge  from  the  latter  into  the 
Ohio. 

KA'p? AS,  a  tribe  of  Illinois  Indians, 
in  Louifiana :  they  lie  a  little  above  the 
Sothouis.  This  nation  was  formerly 
very  numerous  before  the  difcovery  of 
the  Miflifippi.  The  country  they  in- 
habit has  good  pafturage. 

Kapp  AS,  O/t/For/jinLouifiana,  (lands 
on  the  MiiTiilppi,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  St.  Francis.  It  was  built  by  the 
French  principally  for  a  magazine  of 
ftores  and  provilions,  during  the  wars 
with  the  Chickafaws ;  by  whom  their  Il- 
linois convoys  were  condantly  attacked 
and  frequently  deftroyeil. 

Kakavunk,  or  Carytunit  a  planta- 
tion in  Lincoln  co.  Diliri^  of  Maine, 
confuting  of  about  10  families  or  lO) 
inhabitants.  It  is  the  upptrmofl  on 
Kennebeck  river,  14  miles  north  of 
4b'ookfield. 

Kaskaskiai  r'V<i^r  lies  on  the  S. 


K  A*r 

W.  bank  of  the  tiVef  of  thfi  fame  name» 
a  water  of 'the  Mifliiippi,  iii  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  oppofite  Old  Fort,  and  i» 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  but 
not  half  that  dillance  from  the  Miflifip. 
pi.  It  contains  So  houfes,  many  of  them 
well  built  {  feveral  of  ftone,  with  gar- 
dens, and  large  lots  adjoining.  About 
so  years  ago  it  contained  about  500 
whiles,  and  between  4  and  500  negroes. 
The  former  have  large  ftocks  of  black 
cattle,  fwine,  &c. 

Ka  SKA  SKI  AS,  an  Indian  nation  near 
the  river  of  that  name  in  the  N.  W, 
Territoiy.  They  can  furnifli  150  war- 
riors. Three  miles  northerly  ot  Kaf> 
kaflciasis  a  »:!!<ige  of  Illinois  Indians,  of 
the  Kaflcnikias  tribe,  containing  about 
110  ptrfons,  and  60  warriors.  They 
were  formerly  brave  and  warlike,  but 
are  now  degenerated  and  debauched. 
At  the  late  peace  the  United  States 
granted  them  a  fum  of  money  in  hand, 
and  became  bound  to  pay  them  500 
dollars  a  year  for  ever. 

Kaskaskias,  a  river  on  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  which  it  navigable  for  boats 
130  miles.  Its  courfe  is  S.  S.  W.  and 
near  its  mouth  it  turns  to  the  S.  S.  £.. 
and  flows  Into  the  MiiHiippi  river,  S4 
niiles  from  the  Illinois.  It  runs  througji 
a  rich  country,  abounding  in  extenfive 
natural  meadows,  and  numberlels  herds 
of  buflfaloe,  deer,  &c.  High  grounds 
lie  along  the  eaft  (Ide  of  the  river,  the 
banks  being  compofed  of  lime-ftone 
and  free-done,  and  are  from  too  to  .  so 
feet  high,  divi(<ed  in  many  places  by 
deep  cavities,  thro*  which  many  fmall 
rivulets  pafs  before  they  fall  into  the 
Miflif]ppi.  The  fides  of  thefe  hills, 
fronting  the  river,  aro  in  many  places 
perpenclicular,  and  appear  like  folid 
pieces  of  mafonry,  of  various  colours, 
figures  and  fiyes. 

Kaskaskunk,  a  ^ownoi  the  Dela- 
wares,  between  Grc.i,  Bevcr  creek  and 
Alleghany  river,  in  Pcnnlylvania.  Here 
the  Mo  .>vian  miflionanes  hau  \  ^ttle- 
ment.  It  is  40  mihs  north  6f  Pit^fburg. 

KASKiNOMPA,  a  fmall  river  vhich 
runs  weft,  into  the  MifTifippi,  from  the 
State  of  Tenneflce,  in  N.  lat.  36.  a8. 
On  the  N.  fide  of  its  mouth  is  an  iron 
mine      See  Reelfoot. 

KaTERs  Kill,  a  weftern  branch  of 
Kaats'  Kill,  in  New-York  State. 

Kathtippacamunck,  an  Indian 
village  iituated  On  the  north  fide  of  Wz- 

hdSh 


KEN 

1}{tfti  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Rippacanoe 
creek}  and  about  lo  miles  above  the  Low- 
er Weau  towns.  Ini  79 1 »  before  its  de- 
lRru6Uon  by  Generals  Scott  and  Wilkin* 
fori,  itcontailned  110  houfes,  80  of  which 
were  fliingle  roofed'.  The  beft  houfes 
belonged  to  the  French  tradtrA.     The 

Sardens  and  improvemisnts  round  #ere 
elightful.  There  was  a  tavern  with 
cellars',  bar,  public  and  private  rooms  j 
and  the  whole,  m  irked  no  fmall  degree 
of  order  and  civilization. 

KAWAitustCA,br  /jroiWZtAr,  alake  in 
the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  laid  down  in  late 
maps  as  the  head  of  Paflamaquoddy  riv- 
er.    N.  lat.  46.  3.       . 

Kayadarossoha  Creek,  in  New- 
York  State,  about  ta  miles  weft  of  the 
confluence  of  Fifli-creek  and  Hudfoh's 
river.  The  celebrated  firings  of  Sara« 
togA,  8  or  9  in  number,  are  iituated  on 
the  margin  of  a  marAi  formed  by  a 
branch  of  this  creek.  See  Saratoga. 
Alio  th6  name  of  a  tra£l  of  land  in  Sa- 
ratoga county.  New- York  V  bounded  by 
the  town  of  Shene£lady. 

Kay*s  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  America,  lies  in  north  lat.  59.49- 
tod  lon^.  2 1 6.  58.  In  the  neighbour- 
hood ot  this  iflandj  Captain  Cook  dif- 
covered  feveral  other  iflandd. 

.KeeNE,  a  poft-town  of  New-Hamp- 
fhirej  and  one  of  the  moit  flouriftiing  in 
Chefliire  county.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1753,  and  contained  in  1775,  756, 
and  in  1790,  13 14  inhabitants.  It  is  14 
miles  from  Walpole,  95  weft  of  Ports- 
mouth, and  86  N.W.  from  Bofton.  N. 
iat.  4x.  53. 

Kellysburgh,  atownlhip  in  Chit- 
tenden countyj  Vermont,  at  the  head 
of  the  north  bntnch  of  La  Moille  river. 

KENAPACOMAquA,  an  Indian  vil- 
lage on  the  north  bank  of  Eel  river,  a 
branch  of  the  Wahafli.  See  Longuille. 
.  Kendrick's  IJland  forms  the  weft 
fide  of  Nootka  Sounds  into  which  you 
inay  enter  from  the  weft  by  MafTachu- 
fetts  Sound,  along  the  northern  fide  of 
the  iiland. 
tT^'  Kennebeckj  next  to  Penobfcot  is 
the  flneft  river  in  the  Diftti^  of  Mains. 
Three  miles  from  the  Chops,  Swan 
tdand,  7  miles  long,divides  thewaters  of 
the  river.  The  waters  on  both  ildes  of 
it  are  navigable ;  but  the  channel  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  it  is  moftly  ufed.  Thiny- 
eight  miles  from  the  fea  is  the  ifland 
Nahunkeag,  which  fignifies  the  land 


KEN'  »s^ 

where  eels  are  taken.    Within  3  inilct 
of  this  i/land,  a.  fmall  river  coming  weft 
from  poitdi  which  ate  in  the  town  of 
Winthrop,  runt  into  the  Kennebeckf 
and^  is  known  by  the  name  of  Cobbde- 
conte,  callM  by  the  Indians  CobbHTe- 
conteagj  which  in  their  language  figni- 
fies  the  place  where  fturgeon  are  taken. 
S|x  miles  further  up.  the  rivet:  we  find 
the  head  of  the  navigable  waters.   Thii 
is  a  balbn  46  miles  firom  the  fea,  and 
very  oommodioua  for  the  anchoring  of 
veflels;    Oh  the  eaft  bank  of.  the  (mall 
fall  which  terminates  the  navigation  of 
the  Keunebeck,  is  Fort  Weftem,  which 
was  ere£ted  in  the  year  tjs**    From 
that  fort  to  Taconnet  Fall  is  18  miles. 
This  is  a  great  fall  of  waterj  and  ort  the 
bank  of  it,  on  the  eaftem  fide  of  the  riv- 
er, is  Fort  Half  fax,  erefled  in  1754,  and 
(itUated  on  tlie  point  of  land  formed  bv 
the  confluence  of  the  Sebaftacook  with' 
the  Kennebeck,  by  which  the  latter  is 
increafbd  one  third  in  fize.     The  Sebaf- 
tacook comes  from  lakes  nearly  north 
from  its  mouth ;  and  in  its  windings  re- 
ceives brooks  and  fmall  rivers,  for  the 
fpace  of  1 50  miles.  Thirty  miles  abov 
Fort  Halifax^   as   the  river  runs,  the 
ftream  called   Sandy  river  flows  into 
the  Kennebeck,  at  the  point  where  the 
ancient  town  of  Norridgewock  flood  j 
40  miles  or  more  further  up^  the  Ken« 
nebeck  takes  a  fouth-weftward  courfe; 
The    Kennebeck  turning  again  weft- 
ward,  receives  the  eaftem  branch  50 
miles  from  Norridgewock.    The  maiii 
branch    of   the  Kennebeck^   windin^ 
into    the    wildernefs,    forms    ftverai 
carrying-places,  one  of  whichj   called 
the  Great  Carrying- place,  is  5  miles 
acrofsj   arid  the  river's  courfe  gives  a 
diftance  of  35  miles,  for  that  virhich  is 
gained  by  5  on  the  dry  land.    At  about 
100  miles  diftance  from  the  mouth  of 
the  eaftern  branth,  the  fource  of  the 
main  or  weftem  branch  of  the  Kenne- 
beck is  fouiid  extendi:d  k  great  diftance 
along  the  fide  of  the  Chatidiere,  which 
carries  the  waters  from  the  high  lands 
into  the  St;  Lawrence.     There  are  no 
lakes,  but  a  few  fmall  ponds  and  moraf- 
fes  at  the  fburce  of  this  branch;     The 
carrying-place  from  boatable  waters  irt 
it^  td  boatable  waters  In  the  river  Chau- 
diere,  is  only  $  miles  over.  The  eaftern 
branch  of  the  Kennebeck,  which  unites 
with  the  other  above  Norridgewock,  if- 
fues  from  a  body  of  vvaters  whioh  lieN* 
R  %  about 


a6o 


K  B  N 


about  to  milM  from  the  cotafluence  of 

tb*  two  brancket.     Thefe  waters  are 

called  MooA  Fond   or   Moofe  Lake. 

Tbe  *fide«  of  the  lake  are  to  crooked, 

that  the  body  of  waters  has  an  irregular 

figure  {  but  the  lake  contaiat  %  timet 

as  miich  water  as  Is  fousKl  in  Lake 

Ooorge.     There  are  very  hieh  moutt- 

taini  to  the  north  and  weft  of  the  lake, 

and  from  thefe  the  waters  run  by  many 

channels  to  the  St.  Lawrence.     The 

Kcnnebeck  atfbnls  great  quantities  of 

lumber,  and  is  inhabited  at  different  fea- 

tm»  by  ieveral  fpeciee  o(  valuable  fifh. 

SoloHSi  and  fturgeon  are  taken  here  in 

gnat  abundance,  ami  0iad  ami  alewives 

relieve  the  wants  of  the  necelHtous  part 

at*  the  inhabitants.     This  river  forms 

the  neareft  iea-poit  for  the  people  on 

the  upper  part  of  the  river  Connecticut. 

Fiom  the  Upper  Cohos,  or  Coos,  on  the 

latter  river  to  the  tide-water  in  Kenne- 

beck,  i«  90  meafured  miles. 

Kbnnebunk,  the  Indian  name  of 
the  place  fince  called  fyells,  Diftrift  of 
Maine,  about  33  miles  below  Portf- 
,3uth,  New-HampA)ire. 
Kennebunk,  a  river  of  the  Di(lri6l 
of  Maitiv.  ving  a  good  harbour  at  its 
mouth,  from  whence  great  quantities  of 
lumber  are  diipped  for  a  market.  There 
the  lumber  of  Moufom  is  fhipped  at  pre- 
ieut.  This  river  divides  the  town/hips 
of  Wells  and  Anmdel.  Tt  runs  a  fliort 
courfe,  and  empties  into  t  (ba  between 
Cape  Ponsoife  and  Cape  N-.idick.  See 
KetmebuHK  and  tf^ells. 

Ken  NET,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Kennomick,  Great,  a  navigable 
rivia-of  theN.W.  Tenitory,  emptying 
into  the  ibuth  end  of  Lake  Micnigan> 
about  N.  lat.  41.  11.  The  waters  of 
this  river  communicate,  by  a  pottage  of 
thirty  yards,  with  Little  Kennomick,  a 
fliort  river  which  runs  north-eafteriy  in- 
to the  lake. 

Kensington,  a  townlhiu  in  Rock- 
ingham county,  New-Hampmire,  about 
6  miles  foutherly  of  Exeter,  8  northerly 
of  Ncwbuty-Port,  and  ao  from  Portl- 
mouth.  It  was  Incorporated  in  :7^^7. 
In  1775  it  contaiu;d  797,  and  in  1790, 
800  inhabitants. 

Kent,  a  county  of  Maryland  on  the 
eaftL-rn  fliore  of  Chefapeak  Buy,  bound- 
ed £.  by  NewcaAlc,  and  part  of  Kent 
county,  Delaware,  ar.dW.  byChefapeak 
Bay*    It  I«  abuut  32  miles  long  and  1 3 


KEN 

broad,  and  contains  11,836  inhabitants^ 
including  543  3  Haves.  Chief  town.  Chef, 
ter. 

Kent,  a  county  of  Rhode-Ifland,  iy. 
ing  S.  of  Providenct'  county,  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Narraj^nfet  Bay.  It  is  so  miles 
in  length,  and  to  in  breadth,  and  is  di- 
vided into  four  townlhips.  It  contains 
S78S  inhabitants,  including  63  (laves. 

Kent,  the  middle  of  the  three  coun- .  ^ 
ties  of  Delaware.     It  is  40  miles  from.  * 
north  to  fouth,  and  «6  from  eaft  to  weft,'    , 
and  contains  18, 9*0 inhabitants,  includ. 
ing  1300  flaves.     The  lands  in  Kent' 
coiuity  are  efteemed  the  richeft  in  the 
State.     It   is   well  watered  by  fcveral. 
fmall  ftreams  that  empty  into  the  Dela- 
ware.    Chief  town,  Dover. 

Kent,  anifland  in  Queen  Ann's  co. 
Maryland,  and  the  lareeft  in  Chefa-. 
peak  Bay.  It  is  i  a  miles  from  north 
to  ibuth,  and  6  in  breadth. 

Kent,  a  townfhip  in  Litchfield  co. 
Connecticut,  bordering  on  the  State  of 
New- York,  and  8  or  10  miles  welt  of 
Litchfield. 

Kentucky,  a  very  crooked  river  in 
the  State  of  its  name,  which  after  a  ge- 
neral N.  W.  couri'c  of  soo  miles,  falls 
into  the  Ohio  in  N.  lat.  39.  It  is  fome- 
times  called  Cuttatua.  Its  fourcs  is  in. 
the  Laurel  Mountains,  and  it  interlocks 
with  Licking  river.  Its  mouth  is  77 
miles  above  the  Rapids,  and  626  below 
Pittlburg.  Its  mouth  is  250  yardswide, 
and  the  river  is  navigable  1 30  miles ;  the 
current  is  confiderably  rapid,  the  banks 
being  high  and  rocky.  It  is  faid  black 
lead  mines  have  been  found  on  the  head; 
waters  of  this  river.  Little  Kentuckj 
River  is  25  yards  wide,  and  3  miles 
weft  of  Kentucky  river. 

KENTUCKY,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  bounded  N.  W.  by 
the  river  Ohio ;  W.  byCumberland  river  j 
S.  byTenneffce  State ;  E .  by  Sandy  river, 
and  a  line  drawn  due  S.  from  its  fource, 
till  it  ftrikes  the  northern  boundary  of 
Tcnneflee.  It  lies  between  36.  30.  and 
39.  30.  N.  lat.  aiid  between  81.  and 
89.  W.  long,  about  250  miles  long, 
and  200  broad,  and  contains  about 
50,000  fquare  miles.  It  is  divided  intu 
14.  counties,  viz.  JefFerfon,  Fayette, 
Bouibon,  Mercei*,  Nelfon,  Maddifon, 
Lincoln,  Woodford,  Mafon,  Wafliing- 
ton,  Clark,  Scott,  Logan,  and  Franklin. 
It  contains  73,677  inhab.Uants,  of  whom 
12,430  are  flaves.     The  river  Ohio. 

waflies 


IS  77 

below 

Sswide> 

the 


y  river, 
foarce, 
idary  of 
30.  and 
;ia  and 
long, 
about 
decl  into 
Fayette, 
addifon, 
i^aftilng- 
ranklin. 
if  whom 
;r  Ohio, 
wafliea 


KEN 

wafhes  the  N.  wellem  fide  of  Kcntuckyi 
in  it!  whole  extent.  It*  principal  branch- 
es which  water  this  fertile  tra£l  of  coun- 
try, are  Sandy,  Licking,  Kentucky,Salt, 
Green,  and  Cumberland  river*.  Thefe 
again  branch  in  various  dire6lions,  into 
rivuletu  of  diflRerent  magnitudes,  fertili- 
»in|;  the  country  in  all  its  paits.  The 
fpnngs  and  dreams  leflen  in  June,  and 
contiMie  low,  hindering  navigation,  un- 
til  November,  when  tM  autumnal  rains 
fwdl  the  rivers,  and  repk-nifli  the  whole 
country  with  water.  At  the  bottoms  of 
thefe  watcr-courfes  the  lime-ltone  rock, 
which  is  common  in  this  country,  ap- 
pears of  a  greyifti  colour ;  and  where  it 
IS  expofed  to  the  air,  in  its  natural  (late, 
it  looks  like  brown  free>ftone.  On  the 
banks  of  theie  rivers  and  livitlets,  this 
ftone  has  the  appearance  of  fine  marble, 
being  of  the  fame  texture,  and  is  found 
in  the  greateft  plenty.  After  heavy 
rains,  the  waters  in  the  rivers  rife  be- 
tween the  high  lime-ftone  banks  from 
10  to  30  feet.  There  are  5  noted  lalt- 
i'prlngs  or  licks,  in  this  country,  viz.  the 
higher  and  lower  Blue  Springs,  the  Big 
Bone  Lick,  Drinnon''8  Lick,  and  Bul- 
let's Lick  at  Saltfburg.  The  laft  of  thefe 
licks  has  fupplied  this  country  and 
Cumberland  with  fait,  at  3  dolls.  3  3  cents 
a  bufhel,  and  Tome  is  exported  to  the 
Illinois  country.  The  method  of  pro- 
curing water  from  thefe  licks,  is  by 
fuiking  wells  from  30  to  40  ftet  deep, 
which  yield  water  more  ftrongly  im- 
pregnated with  fait,  than  the  water  from 
the  fea. 

This  whole  country,  as  far  as  hat  yet 
been  difcovered,  lies  upon  a  bed  of  lime- 
flone,  which  in  general  is  about  fix  feet 
below  the  furface,  except  in  the  vallies, 
where  the  foil  is  much  thinner.  A  traft 
of  about  10  miles  wide,  along  the  banks 
of  the  Ohio,  is  hilly,  broken  land,  inter- 
fperfiid  with  many  fertile  foots.  The 
reft  of  the  country  is  agreeably  uneven, 
gently  nfcending  and  defcending  at  no 
great  diftances.  The  angles  of  afcent 
are  from  8  to  24.  degrees,  and  fome- 
times  more.  The  vallies  in  common  are 
very  narrow,  and  the  foil  in  them  is  very 
thin,  and  of  an  inferior  quality ;  and 
that  along  the  afcending  ground,  is  fre- 
quently not  much  better;  for  where 
you  fee  a  tree  blown  up,  you  find  the 
roots  clinging  to  the  upper  parts  of  the 
rock.  The  foil  on  thefe  agreeable  af- 
<;euts  (for  they  cannot  be  called  bills) 


KEN 


t6i 


i<  Aifficiently  deep,  at  it  tvidentfrooi 
the  flic  of  the  trees.  The  foil  is  chher 
blacW,  or  tinged  with  a  lighter  or  deep* 
er  veimilion,  or  is  of  the  colour  of  dark 
aAies.  In  many  placet  there  are  appear- 
ances of  potter^t  clay,  and  coal  in  abun- 
dance. The  country  promiica  to  bt 
well  fupplied  with  whclclbme,  well  taft- 
ed  water.  In  Ntlfon  conn^,  N.  W. 
of  Rolling  Fork,  a  branch  of  Salt  rivtrf 
is  a  ttiSi  of  about  40  miles  fquare,  niolt- 
ly  barren,  interfperfed  with  plain*  and 
ftrips  of  good  land,  which  are  advanta- 
geous fituations  for  raifing  cattle,  as  the 
neighbouring  barrens,  as  thejr  are  im- 
properly ftylcd,  are  covered  with  graTs, 
and  afford  good  paftumge.  The  lands 
eaft  of  Nohn  creek,  a  branch  of  Green 
river,  are  in  general  of  an  inferior  oua- 
lity  }  but  the  bank s  of  Green  river  anoi  J 
many  defirable  fituations. 

Toward  the  head  waters  of  KchtO'Tky 
river,  which  interlock  with  the  waters 
of  Cumberland  and  Sandy  river*;  and 
the  whole  country  eaftward  and  ibuth- 
ward  as  far  as  the  Holtton  river,  is  brok- 
en and  mountainous }  and  from  the  de- 
fer iption  given  by  hunters,  it  hat  been 
much  doubted  whether  it  would  ever 
be  praflicabfe  to  make  a  paflTable  road 
from  Kentucky  acrofs  to  Winchefter,  in 
Virginia,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  moun- 
tains, which,  on  a  ftraight  line,  is  not 
perhaps  more  than  400  miles,  and  the 
way  now  travelled  is  600.  This  doubt, 
however,  is  now  removed,  and  a  com- 
pany have  lately  undertaken  to  cut  a 
road  (it  is  thought  a  waggon  road  may 
be  made)  from  Kentucky,  to  iiafs  by 
the  Sweet  Springs  in  Virginia;  thence 
to  Winchefter.  This  new  road,  it  is 
fiippofed,  will  be  nearly  «oo  milct 
(horter  than  the  one  now  travelled. 

This  countiy  in  genera]  is  well  tim- 
bered. Of  the  natiu'al  growth  which 
is  peculiar  to  this  country,  we  may  reck- 
on the  fugar,  the  coiFee,  the  papaw,  the 
hackberry,  and  the  cucumber  trees. 
The  two  laft  are  foft  wood,  and  bear  a 
fruit  of  the  ftiape  and  fize  of  a  cucum- 
ber. The  conce  tree  refembles  the 
black  oak,  and  bears  a  pod,  which  en- 
clofes  a  feed,  of  which  a  drink  is  made 
not  unlike  coiFee.  Befides  thefe,  there 
is  the  honey- locuft,  black  mulberryi 
wild  cherry,  of  a  large  fize.  The  buck- 
eye, an  exceedingly  foft  wood,  is  the 
horfe  chefnut  of  £urope.  The  noagno- 
lia  bears  a  beautiful  bloObm  of  a  rich 

R3  and 


ti* 


KEN 


and  exquifitc  fragrance.  Such  h  the 
VaHety  and  beauty  of  the  flowering 
flmibi  and  olanta  which  grow  fponta- 
neoufly  in  this  country,  that  in  the  pro- 
fmr  fn,(on  the  wiidernefi  appears  in  blof- 
Ibm.  The  accounts  of  the  fertility  of 
the  foil  in  this  country,  have,  in  (ome 
iL^ancey,  exceedtid  behef,  and  probably 
have  been  exaggerated.  That  fome 
parts  of  Kentucky,  particularly  the  high 
l^rounds,  are  remarltahly  good,  all  ac- 
counts agree.  The  lands  of  the  firft 
rate  are  too  rich  for  wheat,  and  will 
produce  50  and  60,  and  in  fome  in- 
itances,  it  is  affiitnH,  100  bufhels  of 
good  coni an  acre.  In  common,  the  land 
Will  produce  30  bufhels  of  wheat  or  rye 
an  acre.  Barley,  oats,  flax,  hemp,  and 
vegetables  of  all  kinds  common  in  this 
cHm^te,  yield  abundantly.  Cotton  is 
icidom  and  with  difficulty  brought  to 
perfeAion.  Irifti  potatoes  produce  in 
abundance,  fweet  potatoes  are  raifed 
yrith  difficulty. 

The  old  Virginia  planters  fay,  that 
Sf  the  climate  does  not  prove  too  moiff, 
few  foils  known  will  yield  more  or  bet> 
.^er  tobacco.  Experience  has  pruvetl, 
that  the  climate  is  not  too  moift.  Great 
quantities  of  this  article  have  been  ex- 
ported to  France  and  Spain,  through 
New-Orleans ;  and  it  is  a  well  known 
fafl  that  Philadelphia  is  a  profitable 
market  for  the  Kentucky  planters,  not- 
'withffanding  all  the  inconveniences  and 
cxpenfes  of  refttipment  at  New-Orleans, 
under  a  Spanifli  government.  What 
advantages  then  may  not  this  country 
expcfl  iince  the  free  navigation  of  the 
Miffifippi  is  now  enjoyed  ? 

In  the  rivers  are  plenty  of  buffaloe, 
pike  and  catfifli  of  uncommon  fize,  fal- 
mon,  mullet,  rock,  perch,  garfifli,  eel, 
'  fuckers,  lunfifli,  &c.  Shad  have  not 
been'caught  in  the  weftern  waters. 
'  Swamps  are  rare  in  Kentucky;  and 
of  coiirfe  the  reptiles  which  they  pro- 
duce, fuch  asfnakes,  frogs,  &c.  are  not 
numerous.  The  honey  bee  may  be  call- 
ed a  domedic  infe£l,  as  it  is  faid  not  to 
he  found  but  in  civilized  countries. 
This  is  cbnfirmed  by  a  faying  which  is 
comnion  iniicihg  the  Indians,  when  they 
fee  a  f<varm  of  bees  in  the  woods,  "  Well, 
brothers,  it  is  time  ^6r  us  to  decamp,  for 
the  white  people  are  coming."  Never- 
fhelels,  bees,  of  late  years',  'have  abound- 
ed, to  their  amazement,  Cveh  zoo  miles 
N.  mi  N.  W,  of  the  Ohio,   The  qua- 


K  E  N 

dnipedea,  except  the  buffak)e>  are  thn 
fame  as  in  Virginia  and  the  Carolinns. 

The  climate  is  healthy  and  delightful, 
fome  few  places  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  ponds  and  low  grounds  excepted. 
The  inhabitants  do  not  experience  tho 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  Snow  fel- 
dom  falls  deep,  o>r  lies  Ipng.  The  win- 
ter, which  begins  about  Chrifimis,  is 
never  longer  than  three  months,  and  is 
commonly  but  two,  and  is  fo  mild  as 
that  cattle  can  fubfift  without  fodder. 

Kentucky  experiences  a  greater  de- 
gree of  temperature  than  any  of  the 
neighbouring  States:  Fahrenheit's  ther- 
mometer feWom  falling  below  3  5*  in 
winter,  nor  riimg  above  80*  in  fummer. 
The  approach  ot  the  feafons  is  gradual. 
The  lummer  continues  moftly  to  the 
middle  of  O£lober.  The  autumn  or 
mild  weather,  generally  continues  until 
C-hriftmas,  when  there  is  fome  cold  and 
froft  until  February,  when  the  fpring 
approaches ;  and  by  the  beginning  of 
March  feveral  flirubs  and  trees  begni  to 
fhooth  forth  their  buds  •,  by  the  middlepf 
the  month  the  buck-eye  or  horfe-ch^- 
nut  is  clad  in  fummer's  array ;  and  by 
the  middle  of  April  the  fohaee  of  the 
forefts  is  completely  expanded;  which 
is  a  fortnight  earlier  than  the  leaves  are 
(hot  forth  in  Virginia  and  Maryland  t 
and  Cumberland  is  proportionally  more 
temperate  than  N.  Carolina,  as  Ken- 
tucky  is  to  Virginia.  Malt-liquor,  fpi- 
rits  didilled  from  corn  and  rye,  and  the 
juice  of  the  fugar-tree  mixed  with  wa- 
ter, conftitute  the  ordinary  beverage  of 
the  country.  Here  are  various  mine- 
rils ;  as  iron,  copper,  lead,  fulphur,  ni« 
tre,  &c.  Iron-works  are  in  fuch  for- 
wardnefs,  as  to  furnllli  large  quantities 
of  callings. 

The  legiflature  of  Virginia,  while 
Kentucky  belonged  to  that  State,  ntade 
provifton  for  a  college  in  it,  and  endow- 
ed it  with  very  coniiderable  landed  funds. 
The  Rev.  John  Todd  collected,  chiefly 
from  a  number  of  liberal  ge.itlemen  in 
England,  a  very  handfome  library  for 
its  ule.  This  college,  of  late,  has  not 
flourilhed;  and  another  has  been  efta- 
bliflied,  and  confidei'able  funds  collected 
for  its  fupport.  Schools  are  eftabliffied 
in  the  feveral  towns,  and,  in  general, 
regularly  and  handfomely  Supported. 
In  this  State  are  two  printing  offices, 
and  two  weekly  gazettes  publiflied* 
TbeF»are  created  a  paper  mill)  9il  ta\]l»t 

fulling 


the 


while 

I  niade 
endoW' 

funds. 

chiefly 
emen  in 
rary  for 
has  not 
en  efta- 
;oUeacd 
abliflted 
general, 

iported. 

offices, 
ibliflied* 

U  miliit 

fulling 


K  E  0 

IJ^iUinv  m!Ui,  faw  ntilU,  and  a  great  num- 
ber of  valuable  grift  milla.  Several  va- 
luable tanneries  have  been  edabliflied  in 
different  parts  of  the  country.  Their 
fatt  works  arc  more  than  fufficicnt  to 
Amply  all  tlietr  inhabitants,  at  a  low 
price.  They  make  confiderable  quan- 
tities of  fugar  from  the  fugar-trees. 

The  banks,  or  rathrr  precipice*,  of 
Kentucky  and  Dick's  rjver,  are  to  be 
reckoned  among  the  natural  curiofities 
of  this  country.  Here  the  altoniflied 
eye  beholds  300  or  499  feet  of  Ibiid  per- 

ficiidicular  rock,  in  fome  paits  of  the 
ime-llone  kiod,  and  in  others  of  fine 
white  mirble,  curioufly  checkered  w  th 
Arata  of  aftouiihiug  regularity.  Thefe 
irivers  have  the  appearance  of  deep  r 
tificial  i;anal$.  Their  high  rocky  bankv 
are  covered  with  red  cedar  groves. 

Caves  hive  been  difcovered  in  this 
country  of  fcveral  miles  in  length,  under 
a  tine  lime-ftane  rock,  fupported  by  cu- 
rious arches  and  pillars.  Springs  that 
emit  fulphureous  matter  have  been  found 
in  feveral  parts  of  the  country.  One  is 
near  n  fait  fpring,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Boonn)orough.  There  are  three 
fprings  or  ponds  of  bitumen  near  Green 
river,  which  do  not  form  a  (tream,  hui 
empty  themfclves  into  a  common  refer- 
voir,  and  when  uled  in  lamas,  anfwcr  all 
the  pui'pofes  of  the  bed  oil.  Copperas 
and  ailura  are  among  the  minerals  of 
Kentucky.  Near  Lexingtop  are  found 
curious  fepulchrcs  fqll  qt  hu^an  (kele- 
tons.  It  has  been  aflerted  th:|t  a  man 
in  or  near  Lexington,  having  dug  five 
or  fix  feet  below  the  furface  of  the 
ground,  came  to  a  large  flat  (lone,  under 
which  was  a  well  of  common  depth, 
regularly  and  artificially  ftoned. 

Thediltance  of  Philadelphia,  by  land, 
to  Kentucky  is  between  700  and  800 
miles;  from  Baltimore  nearly  700 } 
nearly  600  from  Alexandria,  and  up- 
wards of  500  from  Richmond.  From 
the  Rapids  of  the  Oluo  to  Santa  Fe,  is 
loco  miles,  and  from  thence  to  the  city 
of  Mexico,  1500. 

Keowe,  or  Keonuett  the  name  given 
to  Savannah  river,  above  its  confluence 
with  the  Tugulo,  the  weft  main  branch. 
,\  Keowe,  anciently  a  populous  town 
iuid  territory  of  the  Cherokee  Indians, 
on  the  river  of  that  name,  the  N.  eaft- 
ernmoft  branch  of  Savannah  river.  The 
foil  is  very  fertile,  and  the  adjacent 
heights  might,  with  little  expenfe,  be 


KIK  16) 

rendered    »Im«(l    impregntbk.     Th« 


fruitful  vale  of  Kct>we  it  7  or  I  nllea  ia 
extent,  when  a  high  ridge  of  hills  ter- 
miiuitca  the  valt,  but  opens  again  below 
thi'  ridge,  and  continues  10  or  1%  mJm 
down  to  Sinica,  and  in  width  1  or  • 
miles.  This  was  formerlvone  conti- 
nued and  thickly  inhabited  iettkmcot* 
well  cultivated  and  planted.  It  now  ou 
hibits  a  very  different  fpcAacIc  to  the 
feeble  remains  of  the  once  potc  it  Che* 
rokees.  Fort  Geo«>ge  firmerly  ftood 
nrar  the  okt  fcitf;  of  Keowe. 

Kbplirs,  a  village  in  Berks  coan- 
tv,  Pcnnfvlvania,  on  Little  Schuylkill 
river,  tbeN.  branch  of  Schuylkill  river  { 
a  I  miles  N.  N.  W.  of  Reading,  and  3ft 
W.  of  Bethlehem. 

Kerisoncar,  a  lake  in  the  Diflrid 
of  Maine,  which  fends  its  water*  to  Pe> 
noblcot  river. 

Kershaw,  a  county  of  Camden  AM- 
u\fX,  S.  Carolina,  oh  Wateree  riveTf 
which  feparates  it  fi-om  llichland  coun- 
ty. It  IS  35  miles  in  length  vad^  30 
in  breadth. 
K  E  SI  A  H .  See  Cujbai  Rivtr, 
KsYWAWA,  a  fmall  i(le  m  Charlefw 
town  harbour,  S.  Carolina. 

KAtRSEROE  Gore,  in  Hil'fborough 
county.  New- Hampihiref  contaius  103 
inhabitants. 

KiCKAPOUS,  an  Indian  nation  whole 
different  tubes  inhabit  near  the  entrance 
of  Lake  Superior,  where  »o  years  ago 
they  ha<l  400  wairiors  \  part  refide  at 
Lakp  Michigan,  and  between  that  and 
the  Miflifippi,  near  the  Outtagomies, 
I  &c.  ami  another  tribe  near  the  Pian« 
kefhaws,  and  on  the  Wabalh  and  its 
branches. 

The  Kickapous  and  Kaflcafluas,  two 
Indian  nations  lately  hoftile,  ceded 
lands  to  the  United  States  at  the  treaty 
of  Greenville,  Auguft  3,  1795.  The 
United  States,  on  the  other  hiw,  paid 
them  a  fum  of  money  in  hand,  and  en- 
gaged to  pay  them  oi  goods,  annually, 
CO  the  value  uf  500  dollars  for  ever* 

KiCKBMUiT  River  is  a  N.  %veft«m 
arm  of  Mount  Hope  B^y.  It  i$  ^bout 
t  miles  long,  and  l\:i\i  a  mile  broad. 
The  town  of  War^fcn,  in  Brifliol  coun. 
ty,  in  the  State  of  Rbod^-^fland,  lies 
N.W.  of  it. 

KiGLAPyED.  on  the  coaft  of  Labra- 
dor,  in  Davis's  Strait,  N.  from  and 
near  Naifi  •,  which  fce« 
Kikeionec  Fointt    See  Kmwati, 

R  4.  KlLLINGLY, 


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Photographic 

Sdaices 

Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STRfET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M5S0 

(716)  •72-4903 


f 


♦.'■ 


kiLi.infoi.v,  «  to#n  in  WinAiia 
■comitjr,  CMiMftieur»  in  the  nefith*caAera 
Tfut^  tte  Smt,  bordering  «a  Rhode- 
iflMM,  Mid  ftparatcdirohiPinnfrrtby 
^iMbaug  river.  It  lies  «bd«it  rt  miles 
MRwird  of  Windham,  and  hat  a€on- 
imgatiooal  chilroh.  The  original  fet- 
mn  were  from  Mafiaehuietta.  The 
-town  waa  incorporated  in  Maf,  170!. 
In  t7»<  it  waa  divided  into  two  parifli- 
«•  {  one  of  ^ieh  ia  no«^  kioorporated 
l»y  ^e  name  of  Thompibn. 

KiixiMOTOH,  a  moontainoattown 
ftipin  kiitland  county,  Vermjnt,  hav- 
ing Medway  on  the  W.  Barnard  N.  E. 
and  Saltadi  on  the  S.  E.  and  contains  }• 
inhabitants.  Watcrquechee  river  has 
its  fource  in  a  pond  in  this  town. 
:  KrLLiHowORTH,  a  poft>town  in 
-Middlffex  county,  Conuefticut,  ilituated 
on  Long-Ifland  Sound,  9  miles  E.  of 
Gilford  and  a;  W.  of  New-London. 
•The  Indian  name  of  the  townOiip  was 
Hammonaflet )  and  a  ftream  or  th&t 
namei<uns  mi  the<W.  fide  of  the  town, 
and  divides  it  fran  Guilford.  It  was 
fettled,  in  1663,  by  is  planters  from 
Hartford,  Guilford,  and  Windlbr.  The 
EnglUh  name  defigned  to  have  been  gi- 
ven this  town  was  Kennthutrtbt  but  by 
miftake  it  was  recorded  Kiiiittgwortk. 
.Tt  was  incorporated  in  1703. 

KiLLiSTiNOBS,  Indians  who  inha- 
bit on  Lake  Superior ;  and  can  Aimi/h 
^50  warriors. 

Kii  KBNNY,  a  town  in  Grafton  coun- 
ty, Ncw-Hampihire,  incorporated  in 
'X774>  but  not  inhabited. 

KiMBECK,  a  place  on  the  eaft  bank 
of  Hudfon's  river}  17  or  iS  miles  no-  'h 
ofPoughkeepfie. 

KjNOfiRHOOKi  a  poft-town  in  Co- 
lumbia county,  New- York,  on  the  eaft 
&leof  Hudfon'sriv«r:  13  miles  north 
of  Hudibn  city,  19  S.  by  £.  of  Albaay, 
145  north  of  New-York,  andi5  W.by 
M.  of  Stoftkbridge  in  Mrrfachufetts. 
The  townmip  contains  4,661  inhabi- 
anti;  of  whom  411  are  eleJlors,  and 
638  flaves. 

KiNDBRHOOK  Landing,in  the  above 
town(hip,  is  fituated  under  the  bank  ot  the 
river,  Auruunded  with  an  uncleared  bar- 
ren country,  lias  about  1 5  or  20  houfes, 
andjijl^rly  as  many  ftores  and  other 
buii|it|i;sV  so  miles  S.  of  Albany.  The 
towi^  throueh  which  the  ftage  to  New- 
York  runs,  IS  about  5  miles  eaft  of  the 
Landing.  ..     •  »  • '  • 


Kiiroi.f  ^'11  «0w^aii|^  itt  nUMel. 
phiacotnty*  Ft;  jQtfUnii. 

King  Alio  vjjratN*  a  eennty  of 
Vkginia,  on  Maitapany  river,,  which 
feparates  it  from  ICingWiUtam*!  county. 
It  is  about  as  miles  loog  antt.  io  liroad» 
and  contains  9,377  inhSbitatits,  iiich^.: 

King  Giorob,  an  -ancient  fort  on 
the  borders  of  Eaft-Florida,  near  St. 
Mary*s  river. 

KiugGborob^s  Sovi!i9,m  No^ka, 
lies  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  Anaerica^ 
in  north  lat.  49.  361    See  Nntktt.        ' 

King  Gborgb,  a  coumyof  Virainiai 
lying  between  the  Patowmac,  aifid  Rap.' 
jMdiannock  rivers.  It  is  ax  miles  long, 
and  14  broad,  and  contains  7,366  inha- 
bitants, of  whom  4,1 57  are  flaves. ' 

Kings,  a  maritime  county  of  New-. 
York,  "containing  all  that  part  of  the 
State,  bounded  eafterly  by  Queen's  coun- 
ty} northerly,  by  New-Yoric  county; 
wefterlv,  partly  by  Hudfon^s  river,  j^t- 
ly  by  the  ocean }  and  foutheriy  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  including  Coney  Ifl-\ 
ands."  This  ftttile  traft  of  land,  fitti- 
ated  on  the  W.  end  of  Long-Ifland,and 
feparated  fiiom  Staten-Ifland  by  the 
Narrows,  contributes  largely  to  the  fup. 
ply  of  the  New- York  market  with  ve- 

fetables,  roots,  fruits,  butter,  5cc.  It  is 
ividcd  into  6  townfliips,  and  contains 
4i495  inhabits,  including  1,431  llavM. 
Chieftowns,  Brooklyn  and  Flat bofb.  '. 
Kinoes,  a  coimtv  of  Nova-Scotia, 
comprehending  the  lands  on  the  S.  W.' 
and  S.  fides  of  the  Bafin  of  Minas.  The 
Habitant  is  navigable  for'yeflels  of  40 
tons  a  little  way  up.  The  Canaid  for 
vei&ls  of  160  tons,  4  or  -5  miles  \  and 
the  Comwallis  is  navigablefor  veiTclsof 
100  tons  5' miles,  for  thofeof  50  tons 
10  miles  ^rther.  Thertf  are  confidera- 
ble  lettlements  on  thefe  rivers,  arid  they 
afford  a  good  'portion  of  fine  ia<.ds  for 
tillage,  and  for  herbage,  and  fome  ex- 
cellent meadows.  In  the  rivers  are 
found  a  great  abundance  of  (had  of  an 
excellent  kind }  and  in  the  Bafin<pf  Mi- 
nas are~fine  cod-fifli,  haddock,  bafs,  and 
flat  fifli  of  different  kinds. 

Ki  NG's  Bridge,  a  poft-town  of  New- 
York,  I  jmilesnorthof  New. York  city, 
and t9 S. W  of Stamfordin Connecticut. 
The  bridge  here  cbnneAs  New- York 
ifland  with  the  main  land.  '  It  waa 
ftrongly  fortified  during  the  war.  The 
heights  about  it  are  commanding. 

Kingsbury, 


fAf^niSt^  tniftof  htadaBed  the  fro- 
yttadatPttfqt.    \t  takaann  %  >»o  ii^- 

piUUltia 

Ku)Q*Stor  PlAi^i.  Island,  a  fin«ll 
iflii|(i  ii  we  l|ay  of  Panama.  It  belonn 
to  flpain»  and  w  fiunom  for  its  pearl  5<n- 
erjr}«id  Itev^  N.  tat.  7.  |».  yf.  )m%. 

KiNQ8T0M|  or  Esopu9»  a  poft-town 
^New<Ywle»  fitiutedin  OUterfrfninty, 
on  the  W.  fide  of  Htidf<»i>  riyer,  fix 
inilei  Vi^.  <tf  Rhinebeck*  andl  on  the  £. 
0de  of  Elqpqt  Kill,  or  Creek.  It  was 
^keftrored  oa  the  isthof  Of^ohert  1777, 
I17  onlef  of  General  Van^han«  com- 
manding a  fleet  which  failed  up  the 
^udlbn,  when  large  quantities  of  Acres 
^fere  confumed.    It  is  rebuilt  on  a  re- 

Sular  phm,  aiid  contains  about  150 
sufts,  a  court-houftf,  jail,  a  Dutch  re- 
formed churf  h,  and  an  academy.  It  is 
fnoft  pleafantly  fituated  upon,  and  fur- 
raunded  by  a  fpacious  plain.  It  is  56 
ihiles  8.  of  Albany,  avd  109  N.  of  New- 
York.  N.  lat.  41.  56.  W.  long.  73. 
|6.  « The  townfliip contains  39«9  inha- 

itants,9f  whom  556  are  eleftors,  and 
30a  flaves. 

KiNGSTQN,atownfhipin  Addifon  co. 
Verroont, containing  lot  inhabitants. 

Kingston,  atownlhip  in  Plyniouth 
CO.  Maflachuletts,  00  the  weftem  part 
(Df  P^bnth  Bay,  bounded  northerly  by 
PuxDOrough,  and  contains  1004.  inha. 
bitants .  There  is  here  a  flitting  and  roll . 
ing  mill.  The  town  was  incorporated 
in  V 707.  ItisjS  miles  S.  £.  of  Bof- 
ton. 

'  KiNG8TON,atOwnfliipinRockingham 
county,  New-Hamp(hii-e,  lying  on  the 
road  which  leadafnom  Exeter  to  Haver- 
hill, in  Maflachufetts,  6  miles  from  the 
former,^  1%  from  Haverhill,  and  30  from 
rortfmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1694.  In  1775  it  contained  961  inha- 
bitants )  and  in  1 790,  906. 

Kingston,  a  village  m  New- Jerfey, 
three  miles  N.  £.  of  Princeton,  and  15 
S.  W.  of  Brunfwick ;  an  elevated  and 
fileafant  fpot. 

Kingston,  the  chief  town  of  Lenoir 
coufity,  Newbem  diftri£l,  N.  Carolina. 
It  is  a  poft-tovmn,  fituated  in  a  beautiful 
plain  on  the  N.  Hde  of  Neus  river,  and 
contains  a  court-houfe,  jail,  and  about 
^o  houfes.  It  is  40  miles  W.  of  New- 
Qerni  and  24  from  Waynefliorough. 


I 


coomy,  jPennfylfania 

•KtHttaTOiii  w  tOM)  «f 
diftrift,  8.€k>^r    Iti^ 


MIN  iff 


^m 


the  W.  fla«  frf  l^akktmiBt  AMl^««t 
conninis  sn  c^piicopm  cnoron*  m^i  louw 
|oboufef.  It  is  4.1  hc'^IVi  brS. 
of  Georgetown*  «M  i«3  J|.  1^  9««f 
Charleftown.  N.  l«t.  3).  5t. W.  hMig. 
7J.  1.  ■'■ 

KiNOSTONi  a  viRwe  inTdbot  C9. 
Marylaml,  fituated  on  the  eafllcmfltdf 
Choptank  rivcr,4mile«  bdbwIhePoHcs. 

KiNosTOTi,  ibnmrly^^  calfcd  fnuAr 
ituu,  is  fituated  on  the  northem  nrt 
of  Lake  (^ario,  at  die  nMMidi  <^  ita 
otitlet  Iroouois  riveri  aoo  nsilea  Awdi- 
ward  of  Montreal,  and  1 50  nqirdmarll 
of  Niagara.  Here  the  King**  ftorw  are 
kept  and  guarded  by  one  company  tf 
men.  Part  of  Old  Fort  Frontime  i$nomr 
ftanding,  the  heft  part  of  which  is  dito 
magazuK.  Khngftonconlitnaabotit  tdo 
houfes.  Largeircffitis go nofur^Mt  tlitii 
this  place }  thSnce  to  Niagwra,  4rc;  ftonii 
and  merchandize  are  conveyed  in  boiti. 

Kingston,  the  capital  of  the  iflanl 
of  St.  Vincents,  intheWefl-Indies,ai^ 
the  feat  of  ebvemment,  Uet  at  the  head 
ofabayofthe  flune  name,  onthefenth- 
weftem  fltore  of  the  ifland»,  in  8t* 
George*s  parifll. 

Kingston,  the  capital  of  the  iflandl 
of  Jamaica,  in  the  Weft- Indies,  is  fituat- 
ed on  the  N.  fide  of  a  beautiful  harbotii'y 
having  Port-Royal  on  the  N.  E.  and 
Spanifli-Town  on  the  8.  W.  and  waa 
founded  in  1693 ;  when  repeated  defo- 
lations  by  earthquakes  and  fire  hiSi 
driven  the  inhabitants  from  Port-Royal. 
It  contains  1665  houfes,  befides  negro 
huts  and  ware-houfes.  In  tySS)  the 
white  inhabitants  amounted  to  6,539  i 
free  people  of  colour  3,180  j  and  flavea 
16,659  ^  in  all  26,478.  It  is  a  place  of 
great  trade  and  opulence.  Many  of  the 
houfes  in  the  upper  part  of  the  town 
are  extremely  magnificent)  and  tlie 
markets  for  butchers*  meat,  turtle,  fifli, 
poultry,  fruits,  and  veeetables,  inferior 
to  none.  It  is  the  refidence  of  the  mofl 
coniiderable  merchants^  whofe  fliips  load 
and  unload  here.  Upon  an  average  of 
ao  years,  the  fliips  that  go  out  aunually 
from  this  port  amount  to  400.  N.  tat« 
»7.  57*  30' W.  long.  76.  33. 

KiNO  WitLiAM,  a  county  of  Virgi- 
nia, between  Mattapony  and  Pamunky 
rivers,  It  is  47  miles  long  and  1 5  broad, 

and 


llUfl!i|(M^,fjnMe«ibf4owAle«i|iid      sod 


I  name 


]M.R|*.^«,  »  poft^tnifmof  Vii^iqia,  i6 
Miles  from  Wcftmorei'and  court-hou&, 
ai^  :P«  £rom  Nor(hMnpib«rlaii)4  court- 

.K^^oil  PoiMTft  called  in  feme 
lffM»M^  it  tbe  fpctwi^ity  of  a 

'enps^^oi^  *4>ic^  pvjx^s  jwr  into 
ihejbwM^fide  of  If»k^  Sup«(t(tr, 

.  IS^oii^ONA*  an  Indian  townonCoh. 
fwvig^rivprf  i4i]P'cm)iyivaoi»,  and  ii 
■nUaaim^berlyfnnq  itt  mo\»th  hi  Aik- 
jhaoy  river. 

4M«IITAC*  fn  itfaud  on  t|ie  N,  W. 
«Oii|^  ti,  {lortho  America,  lies  eaftward 
■^f'^f^Vf.  f^»  VI  the  fe««h-caft  Cde  of 
tim  pnwuMiof  Alaika.  and  on  that 

frt^oC  H  oppofitf  the  bead  of  Briftoi 
If,  0^  the  N*  W*  fiii*  o^  the  peninfula. 
IS  alio  opposite  the  mouth  of  Cook's 
river. 

ILiiKlMANiTAS  ^viT,  is  a  branch 
«|(  Alleghany  river,  into  whkh  it  emp- 
tm  in  pi,  lat.  40.  40.  iii  Weftmore- 
land  county,  Pennfylvania.  Its  bead 
-wainra  are  tittle  Ccmemaugh  and  Stone 
«fciqk>  After  theifrjiim^ipn  it  is  called 
Cencmawgb  river.  It  then  receives 
Bkcic  Lick  fipom  theN.E.  and  17mi.es 
from  its  mouth  Loyalbannon  Creek  ei»> 
ters  fitun  the  S.  S.  £.  after  which  it  is 
«alledKi(kemanitas  river.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  tMtlcaux  40  or  50  miles,  and  good 
poruges  are  found  between  it  and  Ju- 
JUIittaand  Potowmac  rivers.  Coal  aiKl 
ialt  are  diicovcred  in  the  vicinity  of  tliefe 
rivert. 

KiTTANiMO,  a  fettlemuit  in  Penn- 
fylvania, on  the  eaft  fide  of  Alieghanv 
jriver,  36  miles  northward  of  1*111/- 
Wg. 

KiTTATlNNY  Aftutttaiiu,  a  ridge 
of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  which 
SUBS  through  Uie  northern  parts  of  New. 
Jerfey  and  Pennfylvania. 

KiTTfiKY,  a  towiiihi)}  In  York  coun- 
ty, diftri£l  of  Maine,  incorpurtited  in 
1653,  and  coofitU  of  3  parishes,  con- 
taining 3tS  50  inhabitants.  It  is  fituated 
between  Pifcataqua  and  York  rivers,  67 
sai|ks  nortlKrlv  ot  Bolton.  In  this  town 
i»  Skm^eu  weck»  called  fo  from  the  ) 


fn$kM  the  irakmm^  cfibit  cou^ 

tfyi  but  there  J^«a  b^  omie  ibwui 
iortbciftpanyy«iui,paO.  This  creek 
IS  hunous  in  the  mftoiy  of  the  6^  fi^* 
t'«rs.  A    '     ■  {       ' 

fiTfi,  St.    See  S(,  Cki^^^u 
N  QB  1*1  CK,  iq  Mercer  county,  Kc9- 
tupjty,  lies  1 5  mi|^  $•  ^>  pf  Harrp^f- 
tOwn,  aiid  aboQt  la  foutnerly  of  Shm* 
vUle.  ' 

|i;i!ioiV|.ToN,  a  tpwnihip  ui  Stifl^t 
eount]r,  New-Jeirfeyf  coptainii^  1,937 
inhabitfints,  of  whom  13  arf;  flaye^. 

Knoulton,  9  grant  inphitbei^en 
couqtT,  Vcrpont,  lie<  E.  qf 'Smithlielf|, 
and  W.  of  K^Ilviburgh,  and  contains 
io,qoo  acres  oJF  land. 

K^Nox,  a  county  in  the  State  of  Ten- 
ncflee,  in  Hamilton  diftrift,  contained 
in  1795,  according  to  the  State  coouTu^, 
<l»573  inhabitants,  of  whom  9^^365 
were  flaves. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  N.  yr.  %m\' 


river  to  its  confluence  with  tbe  Ohio 
river}  thence  with  the  Qhiq  to  the  finaU 
rivulet  above  fort  Maflac  j  thence  wUk 
the  eaftera  boundary  line  of  St.  Clair 
county,  to  themputhof  tb«  little  Michi. 
limacktnacl^ ;  thence  up  the  Illinois 
river  to  the  forks  pr  f:onfluence  of  thf 
Theakiki  andChikagoj  thence  by  a 
line  to  be  drawn  due  north  jto  the  boun- 
daiy  line  of  the  territory  of  the  United 
States,  and  fo  far  eafterly  upon  faid 
boundary,  as  that  a  due  fouth  line  may 
be  drawn  to  the  place  of  beginning.^ 
Alfo  the  name  of  a  fort  in  the  fame  ter« 
ritory. 

Knox,  one  of  Ingraham's  iflands. 
Captain  Ingraham  difcovered  two 
illards,  which  be  called  K^  and  Htm. 
cock,  which  Captai '  Roberts  foon  af- 
ter difcovering,  called  Frttman  and 
Laagdan.  Thefe  iflaqds  bad  every  ap. 
pearance  of  fertility.  Their  latitude 
IS  from  8.  3.  to  S.  5.  S.  andiheirlonr 
gitude  very  nearly  141.  W.  from  Green- 
wich. 

Knoxvills,  the  metropolis  of  the 
ftate  of  TenneiTee,  is  fituated,  in  Kno^ 
county,  on  the  porth  fide  of  Holfton 
river,  tn  a  beautiiliil  fpot  of  ground,  a» 
miles  above  the  junAion  of  Holfton  ri» 
ver  with  the  TenneflTee,  and  4  below  the 
mouth  ofFreiKhfiroaa  river.    It  >•  if* 

'»  flouriiking 


50' 


IS 


t  lloariililaft  fituatkMi  and  enjojraa  c«n. 
sminicatton  mih  vim  pwt  m  the  Untu 
f)d  Statet  by  ppft.  It  it  regularly  laid 
out,  and  contaiiM  about  130  houfet,  a 
court-houfi;,  gaul,  and  bamcka  Jargie 
enough  to  contato  700  men.  The  Ai* 
piTeme  courta  of  law  and  eaui^  for  the 
diftriA  of  Hamihon  are  held  here  half 
yearly,  and  the  courta  of  pl<at  and  quar- 
ter fe0ions  for  Knox  county  are  held 
here.  A  college  has  been  eftabliihed 
here  by  governmenti  called  Blount  Col- 
lege. It  IS  3s  miles  N,  of  Teilico  Block- 
houfe  i  aoo  S.  E.  by  S,  of  Frankfort>  in 
Kentucky  {  4.85  W.  by  $.  of  Richmcmd, 
in  Virginia}  and  7*8  fouthrwefterly  of 
Philadelphia. 

KopiAC,  an  ifland  on*  th«  fouthem 
ihore  of  the  peninfula  of  Alaika,  on  the 
N.  W.  coaft ;  which  fee. 

KoRTRioHT,  a  townfliip  in  Otiego 
county,  New- York;  i^%  ot  it«'  inhabi- 
tants are  elcAors. 

KoYAHT,  a  fmall  ille  at  th^  S.  end 
of  Wafliington  IQe,  at  the.  entrance  of 
a  ftrait  feparating  a  fmall  i0e  from  th|e 
largeft. 

KRIS,  Indians  inhabiting  the  banks 
of  Lake  Chriflineaux.  They  can  raife 
l,ftoo  warriors. 

KuLSAGE,  or  Sugar  Towtit  a  little 
Cherokee  town  in  the  vale  of  Keowe. 

KYuqyoT,  a  large  found  or  bay  on 
the  N.  W.  co^  of  N.  America,  having 
|(oberts  Ifland  on  the  one  fide.  N.  lat. 
50.  W.  long.  127. 10. 


LABRADOR,  Terra  de,  one  of 
the  nprthem  counties  of  America, 
called  alfo  E(<iuii;iaux,  and  is  compre- 
hended in  New-Britain ;  bounded  north 
by  Hudfon's  Strait,  fouth  by  part  of 
Lower.  Canada  and  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, well  by  Hufon's  Bay,  north-eaft 
by  th^  Ocean  and  Davis's  Straits,  and 
£.  by  the  Straits  of  Beliifle  and  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  The  coaft  is 
rocky  and  interfperfcd  with  innumerable 
ifles.  The  only  attempt  to  trade  with 
Labrador,  has  been  directed  towards 
the  fiflicry;  the  annual  produce  of 
which,  amounts  to  upwards  of  ^49,000 
fieri.  The  inhabitants,  whole  number 
is  unknown,  hunt  for  furs  and  fliins. 
The  Moravian  Brethren  maintain  a 
C9iomuni<;ation  with  their  miiTion  on 


LAM 

the  «oiA  of  LabndoK.^  Tlw;|f^pf^ 
of  their  Ihip  is  dhridofl  iato  Immm 
£10  onlv,  with  the  ^pply  iamd^m 
the  brcthrm}  aKtcica  arc  ftnt  for.  M^ 
fie  with  the  natiT<:a,  anabliiv  lluni(«i 
bring  back  cargoes  that  have  afbpdai 
them  not  alwaya  a  dividopd  o^  laort 
than  the  mtcreft  of  th«  aifMitmfkfA 
Stt  ffrui'BritoM, 

Lairador,  a  large  lake  which  hf 
ita  nuQierooa, branches  iom»  »  «iat«r 
communication  through  great  part  «(f 
the  ifland  of  Cape  Bieton.  In  Ibnip 
raap9  it  is  called  St.  Petcr'a  Lake. 

LACKAWANNOC|t,a  mountaiivinthe 
north- weftem  part  of  Penofylvawa. 

Lachawannock,  a  townfliip  in 
Luzerne  county,  Pennfylvania 

Lack,  a  townfliip  in  Mifflin  counqr> 
Pennfylvania. 

La  CpLf ,  a  river,  which  falls  into 
Lake  Champlain  tram  the  W.  5  milM  & 
S.  W.of  Nvt-Ifland,afterafluirt;»ar&. 

Lacomi/C,  a  fmall  creek  which  enq»- 
ties  through  the  weft  bank  of  Alleghaiqr 
river  in  Pennfylvania,  oppofite  Lickif[[g 
Creek,  a  fliort  dtftance  below  tort  Frank- 
I  in.  , 

Laconia.  The  tra£l  of  land  extendi 
ine  firom  the  river  Mcrriniack  to  Saga- 
dahock,  and  from  the  ocean  to  the  lun 
and  rivers  of  Canada,  went  under  tkia 
name,  in  the  grant  of- lands  in^ai, 
from  the  council  of  Plymouth  to  Capt. 
Mafon  and  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorgea.     , 

Ladies  I/tamlf  a  fmall  ifluid  oCS. 
Carolina,  near  Port-Royal. 

Laqoon,  one  of  the  new  difcovered 
iflands  in  the  South  Sea.  Captain  C^»ak 
viflted  it  in  1769.  S.  lat.  iS.  47. 1¥. 
long,  from  Greenwich  139.  a8.. 

Lacuna,  a  town  of  Peru,  tituatedan 
Amaaon  river.  S.  E.  of  the  town  of  Bona. 

La  Guayra,  a  maritime  fortified 
town  in  Caraccas,  a  province  of  Terra 
Firma.  This  town,  and  Puerto  Cabela 
are  the  chief  in  the  province. 

Lake  OF  THE  WOODS.  Set  fTnodsM 

La  Moslle,  a  large  river  in  theN. 
W.  part  of  Vermont.  Its  general  cofrib 
is  wefterly  t  after  running  about  75 
miles,  and  receiving  14.  Icfler  ftreamst  it 
falls  into  Lake  Champlain  at  Cotchetter, 
S  miles  north  of  the  mouth  of  Onioii  ri- 
ver, and  is  of  about  the  fame  magnituUe. 

Lambaye^ub,  a  town  on  the  road 
from  Guayaquil  to  Lima  in  Peru,  tour 
leagues  from  Morrope.  It  confitts  of 
about  1,500  houfes,  built  of  different 

materially 


0$  '1  ^  N    . 

■iMBnsiVjrVK  iirpiRiin  or  Di|ire(]VeiyOr 
^MRMMFMr  WfNtS*  Tile  'imilftft  of  the 
lMMIl6«l%«eiMlM(itidnkortheXAd{)iM, 
'^iMkW-Mim  entirely  of  eanee.  The 
lNWVM'df<«  fadlAbitanfe  amounti  to  a- 
%M(ri6|«eo,  ktut  of -whom  we  opttlem  { 
%Hfe^hfe  geiMMllry  ere  poor  ftnntHnts, 
Militt«»e»  MriKsoes,  aMd  Indians.  It 
lie  a  hroe  mnl  elegant  ftone  chareh.  It 
ll'  the  fjHMlencc'<of  a  eorregidor,  having 
widifr^h  jttMri(iii6lton«  befid«s  many 
'ilber  ftrttot,  (bat  of  Morrope.  One  of 
fhe  «wo  officers  of  rlie  revenue  appoint. 
ed  ferTrwrillo,  aird  refides  here.  S. 
iMv  tf.*<4l.  57.  W.  lohg.  76.  15. 

lrAMihA»  a  jurirdiAion  of  Cufeo^  in 
•Tkfi»>'lBS.  America.    It  begins  about 


ai 


'eaguet  (both  of  the  city  of  Cuico  ; 
t  the  prinetpal  province  included 


voder  rite  name  of  Callao.  Here  are 
mieeHent  pafturee  and  filver  mines. 
The  air  i»  very  etMi 

LAMFfeTKR,  a  townftiip  in  Lancafter 
•inmtyv  Ptnmfylvania. 

Lawpriy  Rkier,  a  water  of  Great 
Mw't  in  Mew-Hamp(hire. 

LakcasTbRi  a  bay  or  found  on  the 
^-cftem  coaft  of  Sir  iThomas  Smith's 
-hciy.  The  ibuthemmoft  part  lies  in  N. 
iit'  74'  so;  The  moft  northerly  is 
«ifNe(l  ifUdermm  Jonaa's  Sovnd,  and 
HiisibN.  iat.  76. 

I  ifliwc  A  ST B  K,  a  popmloaa  and  wealthy 
-minttf  b  the  interior  part  of  Penn> 
fy'finh,  extending  fonth  to  the  Maiy. 
wtd  Une.  It  b  about  4a  miles  fquare, 
io  divided  into  a5  townOiipsy  and  con- 
taina  5d6»s40  acres  ot  land,  and 
«$ii  47  Miabitants,  including  348flave8. 
Tlte  lands  tn  this  county  are  rich  and 
well  culti7ated.  Thehitls  in  the  north- 
ern t^rts  abennd  with  iron  ore  j  for  the 
■MniufaAtiring  which,  s  ftimaces  and  8 
for|!;es  have  been  crofted.  The  furna- 
cef  mamnfaAnre  nlraut  t,«oo  tons  of 
figfi  and  nearly  that  nunil>ci-  of  bar- iron 
ana  ually.  Co|iper  anc  'cad  have  alio 
■bet  n  found  here.  Chief  town,  Lmtc^^^r. 

)I.ANCA«lrER}  a  county  of  Vit^mia, 
beranded  eaft-by  Ghefapeak  Bay)  and  S. 
'W^,  by  Rappahannock  river.  It  is 
about  40  miles  loni;,  and  i5bj-oad,  and 
caiitnins  5,638  inhabitants,  of  whom 
)(  3 '36  are  ftaves. 

Lancaster,  a  connty  of  Camden 
dF'ftriift,  8.  Carolhia,  lying  on  Lynchers 
er-eek,  and  Wateree  river.  It  contains 
#  ,lo«  inhabitants,  of  whom  4)<i84  are 
v.vlidtC8,  and  1^370  itaves. 


LAN 

■  Lancaster,  Wtrtifsi  'ft  a  handfeme 
and  flourifhiflg  pdft*town,  the  eapt. 
tal  of  Lancafter  county,  Pennfylvania^ 
and  the  largeft  inland  town  in  tne  Uni4 
ted  States.  It  is  pteafantly  iitnatcd  up. 
on  the  defeent  of  a  hilt,  a  mile  and  a 
half  weft  of  Coneftoga  cr^lc,  which 
falls  into  Sufooehannah  river  9  mllea 
S.  by  W.  of  the  town.  Its  trade  !s  al- 
ready great,  and  muft  increaie  in  pro- 
portion  as  the  furrownding  country  po- 

Kulates.  It  contains  about  7  or  800 
OYiles  and  about  5,000  people.  The 
legiflatnre  is  to  meet  here  m  future,  till 
a  permanent  feat  of  government  ihkll  be 
eftabliOied.  The  public  buildings  ara 
a  handfome  court-  houfe  of  brick,  a  mar- 
ket-houle  of  the  fame  materials,  and  a 
lleong  ftone  gaol.  Here  are  fix  places 
of  worihip.  for  as  many  different  per- 
fuaiions,  via.  German  Lutherans,  Ger- 
man Calvinifts,  Preibyterians,  Epifco. 
fialians,  Moravians,  and  Roman  Cfatho. 
Ics.  The  German  Lutheran  church  is 
a  large  brick  building,  having  an  organ;^ 
and  a  handfome  fpire  {  the  others  are  0^ 
brick,  and  are  neat  and  commodious 
buildings.  The  only  manufaAnres 
here  are  carried  on  by  individuala. 
There  are  3  breweries  and  a  or  3  valu- 
able tanneries.  Franklin  College  is  ef- 
tablifhed  here  fbr  the  Germans.  Its 
endowments  are  neaily  the  fame  a; 
rhofe  of  Dickinfon  college  at  Carlifle. 
Its  truftees  confift  of  Lutherans,  Calvin- 
ifts, Prefbyterians,  and  Epifcopalians ; 
of  each  an  equal  number.  The  princi- 
pal is  a  Lutheran,  and  the  vice-prefident 
•A  Calvinift.  It  is  58  miles  as  the  new 
turnpike  road  runs,  W.  by  N.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, and  %x  from  Reading.  N. 
lat.  4.0.  3.  W.  long.  76.  zo. 

Lancaster,  a  poft-town  of  S.  Ca- 
rolin.i,  36  miles  from  Camden,  and  47 
from  Charlotte,  N.  Carolina. 

Lancaster,  a  very  pleafant  poft. 
town  in  Worctrter  county,  Maifachu- 
fetts,  the  oldett  in  the  county,  having 
been  fettled  in  1645,  and  incorporated 
in  1653  It  is  fituated  on  a  ^anch  of 
Nafliua  river,  which  empties  into  the 
Merrimack.  It  is  35  miles  W.  N.  W. 
o."  Bofton,  4  miles  W.  of  Bolton,  and 
14  N.  by  E.  of  Worcefter.  The  lands 
of  the  townfliip  of  Lancafter,  and  thofe 
of  Sterling  on  the  S.  W.  are  part  of 
the  traft  called  Najbawogg  by  the  In- 
dians.  The  pleafantnefs  of  this  town 
has  invited  many  perfons  of  education 

and 


tJCM 

tafteily  partof  Ltuicafter  there  U a  ▼%. 
luable*  aoip^ap*  Uiffihanftt^lf  flate 
pU,  fwrniOHiiK  ftatct  for  bo«iM,  ^  •»* 
ceUattAaoettorUHmbaandgravea.  N« 
ftetee  equal  to  tbefie  hav£  yet  been  dif- 
covcied  ia  the  United  Statec.  Thrfe 
arc  feat  tQ  Bofton,  and  exported  to  New- 
York,  Virnnia,  &c.  Two  principal 
bnuwhei  <a  Nafliua  river,  over  which 
are  9  large  bridges,  water  this  town, 
and  have  on  their  baidce  excellent  inter- 
vale land.  Cumbery  pond  in  tht:  town 
is  obferved  to  rife  as  much  as  two  feet, 
juft  before  a  ftorm }  and  Sandy  pond 
rifes  ii4  a  dry  feafon. 

Lancastir,  a  townlhip  in  Grafton 
county,  New.Hampflure,  on  the  eaft 
bank  of  Conne£licut  river,  about  4.1 
miles  above  Hanover.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1763.  In  1775  it  contained 
61  inhabitants,  and  in  i7->o— 161. 

Lance  Islbs,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.  Ameri68«Iieoffjpape  Scott,  which 
is  the  fouthem  point  at  the  mouth  of 
Pintard's  Sound,  oppoflte  to  Point  Dif- 
appoimment.  There  is  a  narrow  chan- 
nel between  the  largeft  ifle  and  the  cape. 
See  PtHtantf  Soutui. 

Landaff,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton 
county,  New-Hampfliire.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1774,  and  contains  19a 
iohabitaitts. 

Lan  d*s  Height,  in  North-America, 
is  the  high  ground  on  the  chain  of  lakes 
between  Lake  la  Plue  and  Lake  Superi- 
or, where  there  is  a  portage  of  7  miles. 
It  is  So  miles  eaft  of  the  grand  portage 
from  the  weft  end  of  Lake  Superior. 

Langdon,  a  townlhip  in  Chefliire 
county,  New-Hampfliire,  incorptorated 
in  1787,  and  contains  244  inhs^bitants. 
LANESBORQtJCH,  a  townfliip  in 
Berkfliire  county,  MaiTachufetts,  N.  b> 
£.  of  Hancock,  la  miles  N,  by  W.  of 
Lenox,  and  144  W.  by  N.  of  Bofton. 
It  affords  a  quarry  of  good  marble,  and 
contains  »,i4t  inhabitants, 

Lansinpurgh,  (tUy)  in  the  town- 
fliip of  Troy,  Renflalaer  county,  New- 
York,  is  v<;ry  pleafantly  Ctuated  on  the 
E.  bank,  of  Huafon's  river,  oppofite  one. 
of  the  mouths  of  the  Mohawk,  and  con- 
tains about  200  dwelling-houfes,  a  brick 
church,  the  joint  property  of  the  Dutch 
and  Preftiyterian  congregation,  a  court- 
houfe,  gaol,  and  an  academy,  incorpo- 
rated in  1796.  Here  is  a  library  com- 
pany which  was  incorporated,  in  >775' 


it,}*  ««W1(4oii#tiM|lpce.ftM#««ifi^ 
a  plani  a«  th*  imk^^  »,  Jbpl,  te  Oi^ 

one  ftagt  httwecn  tbi»  town  — 1  tJlr, . 
nyj  nqw  (»79*)  »  faiW  di#  |wf»( 
and  repafa  betwcea  ttw  nekAibaqnMij 
towns  of  La\nfoburgh,  TnftWttmhi^ 
and  Albanyi  and  the  avorage  mwnbec. 

of  paflenBcrBiaiaidtocxcc«a.isP>,  U, 
is  9  mik*  north  ^of  Albwy,  s  viam. 
Troy,  175  north  of  New-YoWi  «|i4 
»7o  N.  N.  E.  of  Philadel^it, 

Lapi$  Lmbuli,  a  fiiMiU  vock  finu 
rounded  with  and  abnoft  covcreA  bf 
the  fea  on  the  coaft  of  Nova* Scotia.,  It 
is  about  t  miles  from  Monano  lAaa^- 
and  (hews  the  paflafe  into  St.  Ji4u'«t 
river. 
La  Plate.  See  taragdiff^ 
Large  RbcR  lies  on  the  S.  bank  oC 
Ohio  river,  in  the  traft  called  Indiam*. 
and  nearly  oppoGte  the mouthof  Mtt^' 
kipgura  river. 

Large  Island,  one  of  the  larfiA, 
iflands  on  the  Labrador  coaft,  due  wdjki 
of  the  mouth  of  Shecatica  Bay. 

Laricaxas,  a  province  of  La  Fuik,  . 
and  audience  of  Charcas,  in  Peru.  It; 
lies  adjacent  to  the  .territories  of  the  ji|4». 
rifdi£lionof  La  Pat,  and  totl^noi^ 
of  that  «ity,  extending  118  leagues  fcona, 
E.  to  W.  and  aboitt  30  from  N.  toS. 
It  abounds  in  gold  mines,  the  metal  0^ 
which  is  of  fo  fine  a  quality,  that  it*, 
ftandard  is  %%  carats  and  3  grains. 

Latacunga,.  AffUnU  <7*  the  fi|ft 
jurifdiflioh  to  the  fouthward  of  that. of 
Q^ito,  in  Peru.  The  word  ajJUiitKtuxa^, 
phes  a  place  Icfs  than  a  town,  but  larger, 
than  a  village.  It  ftands  on  a.  wld^ 
plain,  having  on  its  eaft  Tide  the  eaften^ 
coi-diilera  ot  the  Andes,,  from  whidb, 
projects  a  very  high  mountain ;  and  aft: 
a  fmall  diftance  from  its  foot  is  fitdatedly- 
Latacunga,  ia  55.  14.  304  S.  lat.  Or. 
its  W.  fide  is  a  river,  which  is  fome^im^^ 
foidable,  but  generally  pafled  over,  a, 
bridge...  .  This  afiiento  is  large  aiid  K'^ 
eular,  the  ftreets  broad  and  ftraight,  thi^ 
houfiis  of  ftone,  arched,  and  well  con*^ 
trived,  one  fioryhigh.  Thispi;ecauti<^ 
the  inhabitants  were  taught  to  obiervo, 
by  a  dreadfitl  deftru£lion  of  all  thebmild*^ 
ings,  on  the  aoth  of  June,  1699..  Oul* 
of  600  ftone  houfes,  which  the  aiHenta 
then  contained,  only  a  part  of  one,  ait^ 
the  Jefuit's  church,  weie  left  ftandlngy 
an4  moftof  thein)ub^tiint«  wcrt  hwJM 

in 


^  L  AtJ 

Mtlit  nUhi.  TiM  fbnc  of  Whitii  tlie 
keurctrmd  chnrdtct  are  built,  n  «  kind 
•f  pMmke,  or  fpon^  ftone,  cjcAsd 
flom  tvtcanoet  {  wbtfeh  have  ferfaicd  in- 
•khniftible  qworriea  in  thb  ncigliboiir- 
kood.  It  Is  (a  liffhn  that  it  will  iWim 
in  thewatoTt  and  from  its  great  DoroTityi 
tht  lime  cements  the  dimrent  pieces 
very  ftronriy  together.  Thii  Jur!ftiiie> 
tioncontams  t?  principal  VilUges.  The 
air  of  the  tflSeiito  is  coMer  Irohi  the 
place  beiM  only  i  leagnes  from  the 
mountiin  of  Cotopaxi  i  ^hleh  as  it  is 
not  lelk  in  height  or  extent  than  thofe 
'  of  Chimbortioand  Cayniburd»  fo  like 
them*  it  is  coveicd  with  ice  and  fnow; 
The  villi^s  are  populous  {  fuchasare 
ftatcd  in  the  Tallies  are  hot,  thofe  in 
the  plains  temperate,  whilft  thpfe  which 
horoer  on  the  mountains,  like  that  of 
me  afliento,  are  coM,  and  fometimes  to 
nn  cmcffivc  degree.  The  inhabitants 
aVnount'to  about  is,ooo,  chie%  Spa- 
niards and  Meftixoei.  Great  quantities 
of  pork  are  falted  here  and  fent  to 
^ito,  Guayaquil,  and  Riobamha,  being 
highly  valued  for  the  peculiar  flavour 
given  it  in  the  pickling.  The  manufac- 
tures are  thofe  of  doth,  bays,  and  tucu- 
yos.  The  inhabitants  of  Pugili,  and 
flkquifili,  are  noted  for  making  earth- 
en ware,  highly  valued  all  over  the 
province  of  Quito.  The  day  of  which 
they  are  mrae  is  of  a  lively  i-ed,  re- 
markably fine,  emitting  a  kind  of  fra- 
grancy,  and  the  workmanihipvery  neat 
and  ingenious. 

Lavrbl  Mountain,  a  range  of 
nuuntains  weftward  of  the  Alleghany 
ridffe,  and  a  part  of  what  Is  called  the 
Alleghany  Mountains.  It  extends  finm 
Pwmiylvania  to  N.  Carolina,  and  gives 
rife  to  feveral  branches  of  the  Ohio 
river.  The  gr>at  Kanhaway  breaks 
throtiffh  the  Laurel  Ridge  in  its  way  to 
the  Ohio,  in  N.  lat.  38.  30.  W.  long. 
It.  S9.  In  a  fpur  of  this  mountain, 
about  lat.  36.  is  a  fpring  of  wattr, 
50  teet  deep,  very  cold,  and,  it  is  faid, 
as  blue  as  tndigo.  The  lands  within  a 
fnnall  difthnce  of  the  Laurel  Moimtain, 
tnrough  which  the  YoUghiogany  runs, 
are  in  nuiny  places  broken  and  ftoney, 
but  rich  and  wisll  timbei-ed  j  and  in  fome 
places,  and  particularly  on  Laurel 
Creek,  they  are  rocky  and  mountainous. 
From  the  Laurel  Mountain  to  Monon- 

Ehela,  the  lirft  7  miles  are  good,  level 
ming  lagds,  with  fine  mesMows  {  the 


LAW 

thnbcf,  white-oak,  dwfinif,  htelUnyi 
tec. 

LA^iLMVCMRivtrmiGiiir,5i,  St; 
Lawrence  jii  one  of  thft  laifM  rbcrs  ill 
N.  Amcrifca;  It  iflliel  fifm  Lake  pnta. 
rioi  formfaig  the  outlet  of  the  kmfchahi 
of  grsat  \ntii  which  fepatatte  Upper-^ 
Cabada  frbin  the  United  Suics.  Prom 
Lake  Ontario  to  Montreal  it  has  the 
namebf  Irbqnbis}  and  taking  a  north- 
eaftcoiirfe  embofiilns  the  iflaifd  of  Mon. 
treal }  juft  aboVe  which  it  receivesOt- 
tawas  firohi  the  weftj  and  forms  many 
feltile  iflands.  From  Montreal  it  af- 
Aimes  the  name  bf  St.  La^rrence^  and 
continuing  the  fame  courfe  pafles  hf 
Qjiebeci  ahd  meets  the  tid^  iipwards  of 
400  miles  from  the  fea,  and  is  fo  faf 
navigable  for  large  vcflels.  Having  re- 
ceived in  its  courfe  befides  Ottawas.St. 
John's,  Seguina,  Defpraii  les j  Trois  Ri- 
vieres, and  innumerable  other  fmaller 
ftreams,  it  falls  into  *he  ocean  at  Cape 
Rofieres,  by  a  mouth  about  9b  milei 
broad.  In  its  courfe  it  forms  a  great 
variety  of  bays,  harbours  and  iflands^ 
many  of  them  fruitftil  and  extremely 
^eafant.  See  ^bec,  Montftalt  Sea 
The  main  entrance  into  the  gulf  of  Sti 
Lawrence  from  the  Atlantic  ocean,  is 
on  the  eaftwatd  between  Cape  Ray,  thi 
fuuth  point  of  Newfoundland  Ifland^ 
and  the  north  cabe  of  Cape  Breton } 
the  Gut  of  Canfo  leads  irto  it  from  the 
S.  E.  between  Nova-^.otia  ukI  the  S» 
end  of  Ca^v  jBretu. ,  and  the  Straits  of 
Bf  llifle  lead  into  it  fiom  the  north  be- 
tween Newfoundland  Ifland  and  th6 
coaftof  Labrador.  It  contains  a  num- 
ber of  iflands,  viz.  St.  John*s>  at  its 
ibuthem  extremity,  on  the  coaft  of 
New-Brunfwick  and  Nova-Scotia ;  An& 
ticofli,  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence )  befides  a  number  of  fmall  iflands  i 

Lavrbns,  a  coimty  in  Ninety-Six 
diftri£l,  S.  Carolina,  lymg  between  Eno- 
ree  and  Saluda  rivers.  It  is  about  31 
miles  long,  and  ai  broad,  and  contains 
8,si7  free  inhabitants,  and  i,tsoillaveSi 

Lavrbns  Court- Heufe,  in  the  abovd 
county,  is  so  miles  from  Bufh  river,  3* 
from  Newbury  court-houfe,  and  40  from 
Greenville. 

Lawrbncb,  Ftrtt  is  a  little  above 
the  crofling  place  of  Tufcarawas,  a 
branch  of  Muikingum  rlver« 

Lawrbncb-Town,  a  thinly  fettled 
agricultural  townihtp,  a  feV/  miles  to  th(< 
caftward  of  Halifkx  In  Nova-Seotia^ 

LAtREAt 


t  E  B 

ntnt  in  the  iilaad  of  St.  E^mingpf  tHir 
t^  S^ifli  t^pittU  St.  Domingo.  It 
ftnndi  In  the  place  where  the  ctfpttal  wtK 
flift  VatinHed*  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
OtivMf  and  about  a  quarter  6f  •  league 
fitMD  its  confluence  with  the  irabclia.  It 
can  only  be  confidered  at  a  dependency 
dn  St.  DomingOt  and  contains  300  in- 
habitants, all  free  negroes,  forming  a 
cure.  It  was  formed  in  lyaj*  by  iiS 
run>a«ay  French  negroes  who  being 
fent  down  to  the  bay  of  Ocoa  to  be 
ihipped  c(F,  the  Spaniards  attacked  the 
efcort,  and  gave  arms  to  the  fugitives, 
maintaining  that  they  were  free  men. 

Lawvnak-Hannock,  a  Moravian 
fettlement  nearly  oppofite  GuOigofliinlc, 
on  Alleehany  river,  end  xb  miles  north- 
caftofFort  FrankKn. 

Lazarus,  Arciiftiagoof,  St.  See 
De  Fente. 

LeacocK)  a  tdwnfhip  in  Lancafter 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Lbasbvrch,  the  chief  town  of  Caf- 
well  county,  N.  Carulina.  It  contains 
a  court-houfe,  gaol,  ami  a  few  houfes. 

Lebanon,  a  townihip  in  York  coun- 
ty, Diflrift  of  Maine,  fituated  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  Salmon  Fall  river,  100  miles 
north  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1767,  and  contains  IS75  inhabitants. 
A  fpecies  of  ftone  is  found  here  which 
jielus  copperas  and  fulphiir. 

Lbban ON,  /Krav,  a  pleafant  village  in 
New. York  State,  bordering onPittshVld, 
Maflachu  [etts,  fituated  partly  in  a  vale, 
and  partly  on  the  declivity  of  hills. 
The  medicinal  fprings  here  are  next  in 
.celebrity  to  thofe  of  Saratoea.  The 
pool  it  fituated  on  a  commanding  emi- 
nence, overlookijig  the  valley,  and  fur- 
h)unded  with  a  few  houfes  which  afford 
tolerable  accomodrtions  to  invalids. 
'  Lebanon,  a  townfiiip  in  Windham 
county,  Conneflicut,  was  fetiled  in 
1697.  The  foil  is  equal  to  almoft  any 
in  the  State,  and  the  inhabitants  are  ge> 
nerally  farmers,  many  of  whom  are 
Wealthy.  The  thick  fettled  part  of  the 
town  forms  a  very  wide  flreet,  and  the 
houfes  are  at  confiderable  diflances  from 
'^^ch  other.  Academic  education  has 
"been  patronixed  in  this  place  for  above 
So  years,  greatly  to  the  honoiiir  of  the 
people.  The  river  Shetncket  is  formed 
ny  the  junction  of  AVillamantic  and 
'Mount  Hope  riverir  which  unite  be- 
tween thl»  town,  and  Windham..   It  lira. 


finllN  north  of  N«nrkb,  and  s«  Aatll- , 
call'ofnartfbrd. 

LifeAiiON,  ft  ttMvnlhlp  in  QnftM 
cdunty,  NewUftmpfhlit,  finwind  «■ 
Mufcomy  river,  and  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  ConneAieut,  a  miles  below  tiit*, 
mouth  College.  It  was  inedrportted  ini 
1 7<i<  In  1 775  it  e'^ntahlcd  |4f  iahab-  i 
itants,  and  ih  i^^o— titb.  ft  la  la 
contemplation  to.  build  a  bridge  ontikiil- 
ncfticut  river  at  the  middle  bar  of  ,iV- 
gar*s  falls  in  thU  town,  wttere  the  dif- 
tance  between  the  rock*  is  1 10  feet,  tt 
is  35  miles  above  the  bridge  built  by 
Col.  Hale  at  BelIows*s  Falla  at  WaU 
pole.   See  Mafcomy  fond, 

LEBANON,  ^  pofl-town  of  Penn^l- 
vania,  fituated  on  the  fouth  fide  of 
Quitapahilla  creek,  in  Dauphin  county. 
ABout  a  mile  from  the  town  is  theSuf- 
quehannah,  and  Schuylkdl  canal,  which 
conneAs  this  creek  with  the  Tulpe- 
hocken,  a  branch  of  the  SS:huylkil!. 
Lebanon  contains  about  300'houfes  n;. 
gularlybuilt,  many  of  which  are  ^  brick 
and  (tone  \  a  German  Lutheran  and  a 
Calvinift  church.  It  is  1 5  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Harrifburg,  43  E.  by  S.  of  Car* 
lifle,  and  81  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Pbila- 
delphia. 

Lee,  a  fmall  town  in  StrafTord  coun- 
ty, New-Hampfhire,  about  ta  mile* 
north  of  Exeter.  It  was  formerly  part 
of  Dover  and  Durham,  and  was  incor- 
porated in  1766.  In  1775  '^  contaiiie4 
954  inhabitants,  in  1790—1029. 

Lee,  /or/,  was  ere£led  by  the  Ame- 
ricans during  the  late  war,  on  the  well 
bank  of  North  river,  having  the  traft 
calltd  the  Englifh  .Neighbourhood  on 
the  north,  and  that  callsd  Ifleboken  on 
the  fouthwaiti,  in  N.  lat.  4o«  5^«  and 
about  9  miles  above  the  town  of  Bergen. 
The  Americans  had  s,ooo  men  in  gar- 
rifon  here  in  the  late  war,  but  evacuatec? 
it  in  November,  1776,  with  the  lofs  of 
their  artillery  and  ftores. 

Lee,  a  county  of  Virginia,  lately  tak- 
en from  RufTel,  in  the  S.  W .  comer  of 
the  State,  bounded  fouth  by  the  State  of 
N.  Carolina,  and  weft  by  jkentucky. 

Lee,  a  townfhip  in  Berkfliire  county, 
Mafl'achuletts,  $  miles  foutherly  of  Len- 
ox, 4  eaft  of  Stockbridge,  and  140  weft 
of  Bofion;  was  incorporated  in  i777> 
and  contains  1,170  inhabitants.  Houi's- 
tonick  river  runs  foutherly  throOgh  this 
town. 

LtfeDSj  a  town  in  the  eaftem  part  of 

Gknicefter 


*H 


ttti 


wn  M  nw  nnottui  ot  miuiicm  tvtw» 
■•A  •  nwt^wdteriy  eCBrinatint  lakt. 

tttblk  »  vlllafi  Of  RitWMid  Mu»> 
tnjniiiiM,  fitttnud  flU  the  nortb  b«)k 
«nM|fikMNM)ek  riirer  1 14  mikt  $.  bjr 
1^  of  rort  Royal*  40  8.  E.  at  Prads- 
ukkftvffi  nd  70  NtS.  «f  ttkhmond. 
HtarldMoiewn.is  a ftmous  oourfr  fer 
b«HSNncing. 

LtirOQOAi  cm  of  the  Friendly 
Utoada,  i«  the  South  8m.  ItwatvUkcd 
far  Captab  Cook  in  1776,  whoi  conli- 
mn  "k,  in  bam  refpoAt,  Aiperior  to  An- 
aotoafca.  The  iflaad  it  lituated  near 
Hapiwe,  and  it  about  7  milct  long  and 
jhraad* 

LiiiBVRO.    See  y^fimrg* 

LlBsavRO,  a  poft-town  of  Mary- 
iandf  S5  milct  fron  Frederickftown. 

LtBtavao,  a  peft'towncf  Viiginia, 
and  cafMtal  of  Loudon  county.  Itiafi< 
tuated  $  milea  8.W.  of  the,  Pr'iwmac, 
and  4,  8.  of  Goofe  Creek»  b  branch 
of  that  river  on  the  great  road  leading 
fipom  Fhiladelpliia  to  the  fouthward, 
and  on  tile  load  leading  from  Alexan- 
dria to  Bath.  It  containa  about  fixty 
hoofea»  a  court^houfc  and  gaol.  It  11 
ao  milea  from  Sali(bunr>  %*  from  Shep- 
hen)ftown»  so  milea  from  Fnderlekf- 
town  in  Marylandy  46  north-weft  of 
Alexandria,  and  64  £.  S.  E.  of  Win- 
chcfter. 

Lbisiurd,  or  Lttfttwim,  a  fettle- 
tnent  in  Kentucky*  on  the  banka  of  Ken- 
tucky river,  ao  milea  from  Lexington, 
and  about  30  from  the  Upper  Blue 
Lick.  It  waa  dcftroycd  by  the  Indiana 
and  abandoned.  The  country  for  ma- 
ay  milaa  round  ia  fiift  rate  land.  Great 
fknty  of  marble  ia  found  'm  the  bwka 
«f  Kentucky,  particularly  at  thia  place. 

Lbi*8  laLAUP,  in  Patowmac  river, 
in  Fairfax  co.  Virf^iai  about  %  milea 
ibudi-eaftward  of  Thoro,  which  ia.  on 
the  north  6de  of  Gooft  Cndc. 

LkbK,  afinallifland  of  Fenafylvania, 
bt  Odawara  river. 

Lbbwarp  IsLAMps.  See  W^rbh 
Set, 

MhU2H#  or  IteUw  H  river  which 
lalea  in  Northampton  co.  Fennfylvania, 
atmtt  at  milea. eaift  of  Wyoming  Falla, 
in  8^f4|uehannah  ri'/n*  fund  tarUtg  a 
<;incu)ar  cou^e*  jiaiBn^  thnavgh  the 
ilue  M^Mmtalia,  cmptiea  into  Qelar 
ware  river  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Eaftoni 
BSauka N« E* tf BetUebcm,   It nma 


abtiit  75  ttiUi*  wA  It  nwIgrtJa  fl 

Li  Orami^,  •  eonftleraUt  rivar  o^ 
tha H*W. TairiMty,  i^hkhriAi with, 
in  a  fiiw  milea  of  tha  waft  exwcintfyoff 
Lake  Erie,  and  purfolng  a  Mt  m.  \¥i. 
courfir  for  nearly  100  milea,  theoca  turn- 
hig  to  th»wcft,  emptiea  into  Lake  Mi- 
chigan. It  la  about  ace  yarda  wkla  at. 
ita  confluence  with  the  lake* 

LBICB8TBII,  a  townfliip  in  Addifoiii 
county,  Vermont,  fituated  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Otter  Creek,  having  343  vAv^U 
tanta.  Great  Trout  Pond,  or  Lake,  i. 
partly  in  thia  town,  and  partly  in  Salif- 
Dury,  on  the  north.  Thia  town  waa 
granted  OA.  ao,  1761. 

LEiCBaTBB,  called  by  the  Indian  na* 
tivea  Tnvfim/,  ia  a  coniiiderable  town  in 
Wbrceftcr  CO.  Maflachufctta,  containing 
1076  mbabitanta.  It  ia  fituated  upon  the 
poft.road  from  Bofton  to  Hartfora,  New- 
York  and  Philadelphia,  i  milea  wcfterl]^ 
of  Worcefter,  and  54  W.  by  S.  of  Bol- 
ton )  bounded  N.  by  Paxton  and  S. 
by.  Oxford.  It  waa  fettled  in  1713,' 
and  incorporated  in  1710  or  i7ai« 
There  are  three  meeting-houfra  here 
forCongregationalifta,  Anabapi  fla,  and 
Qgakera}  who  live  in  harmony  to- 
gether. The  £#ici^«r^caK/«MV  waa  in- 
corporated in  1784*  And  ia  well  endoW'^ 
ed.  Wool  carda  are  mamifaAured  here 
to  the  annual  amount  of  1 5,000  paira. 

Lbmimoton,  a  townflUp  in  Efl*ex 
county,  Vermont,  on  the  weft  bank  of 
ConncAicut  river,  mmI  near  the  N.  E. 
comer  of  the  State.  The  Great  Mo- 
nadnock  Mountain  ia  in  thia  town»  It 
containa  31  inhabitanta. 

Lb  Maibb.    See  Mture^ 

LBMP8TBB,  an  inconfidenble  town« 
(hip  in  Chefter  county,  New-Hampt> 
(hire.  It  waa  incorporated  in  1761. 
In  i|^75»it  contained  iaS,and  in  1790, 
414  iniMbitanta. 

Lbnoib,  a  county  of  Newbem  difl 
triA,  N.  Carolina,  furrounded  by  Glaf- 
gow.  Craven,  Jonea,  and  Dauphm^  ft 
contBina  14(4  free  inhabitints^  and  957 
flayea<    Chi«F  town,  Kingfton. 

Lbvox,  the  (hire  town  of  Berkfhira 
county,  Maflacbufetttt  It  ia  a  pIcBfant 
and  torivhig  town,  and  haa  a  court* 
houfo  and  gad.  Hou&tonick  river 
paflea  throu^  the  town.  It  liea  eaft 
of  WalhiOgton,  fouth  (^  FittaficMi  ty 
milea  fouth- wefterly  of  Chefter,  and  145 

mikf  noKthefBoftiw* 

Lbocanb* 


Wo 

•r  Bite  «f  j:.M|Mie.  »Ub  Cul  dt  8m  of 
LVtthme,  at  the  w^  tpi  of  tike  UUnd 
of  ft.  Oipminge,  U  foiiiwd  by  two  pe- 
ninAilM.  It  opcm  between  Cape  8t. 
Nicholas  at  the  weft  cml  of  the  north 

KninAila»  artd  Cape  Dame  Marie,  the 
.  W.  point  of  the  fouth  penin(bla,  ▲$ 
league^  ittart.  At  the  bottom  Of  the 
bay  we  ttk  illands  Oonarei  and  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  (outh  pehinAiU  the 
iflei  Kefflf  ai^d  CayAiite.  Itcmbofoint 
ii  vaft  huihber  of  tine  bays.  The  chief 
bays,  towns  and  poits  frbm  Cape  St. 
Nicholas  round-  to  Cape  Dame  Marie 
are  La  Plate  Forme,  or  the  Plr  ^>rm, 
Oonaives,  St.  Marc,  Montrouis,  Archa- 
haye.  Port  au  Prince,  Lemane,  Ooave, 
MiragoaifC,  Petit,  Trou,  Bay  of  Bara« 
dairef,  B&y  of  Durot,  Jercmie,  Cape 
Dame  Marie,  &c.  Trou  Bordet,  at  the 
head  of  which  is  Port  au  Prince,  is  at 
the  extremity  of  the  Bay  of  Leogane 
iaftward,  60  leagues  eaft  of  Cape 
Darhe  Marie,  and  51  S.  E.  of  Cape  St. 
Nicholas. 

Lbooanb,  a  fea-port  towh  in  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  df  St.  Domin. 
^o,  fituated  on  the  N.  fide  of  the  neck 
of  the  fbuth  peninfulA  in  the  bay  or  bite 
of  Leogane,  at  The  head  of  a  fmall  bay 
which  lets  up  £.  from  tlie  bay  of  Grand 
Goave,  4.  leagues  N.  E.  of  the  town  of 
that  name,  61  N.  of  Jackmel,  8  N.  W. 
of  Cayes  de  Jacmel,  9  W.  byS.  of  Port 
au  Prince,  and  6|  leagues  S.  E.  of  Petite 
Gonave  Ifland.  N.  lat.  18.  30.  W. 
long,  from  Paris  75.1.  It  is  an  aeree- 
tblr,  pleafant,  and  consmercial  ^ace. 
The  exports  from  Jan.  t,  1789,  to  Dec. 
31,  of  tne  fame  year,  were  895,871  lbs. 
White  fugar— 7,079,205lbs.  brown  fu- 
gar— i,93a,95zlbs.coiFee— I39,887lb8. 
cotton— and  4, 96olb8.  indigo.  The  du- 
ties on  the  ejtportation  of  the  above, 
16,103  dollars  70  cents. 

LsbMtNSTER,  apolt-towninWorcef. 
ter  county,  Mafl^cnufetts,  7  miles  N. 
by  W.  Of  tancafter,  ao  S.  E.  of  Win- 
chendon,  4.6  weftw&ni  of  Bofton,  19  N. 
ef  Worcefter,  and  io  S.  of  Marl  bo- 
A>ugh',  in  New-Hampihire,  has  a  piint- 
ine-ofiice  artd  i'everal  neat  buildings. 
This  townihip  was  taken  frbmLa-'cafter, 
incorporated  in  174^,  aiwl  Contains 
1189  inhabitants.  Oh  the  dilterent 
ftreuns  which  piik  tbtoUeh  the  town  are 
1  grift  mills,  5  Ikw  miUs,  an  oil  mill, 
and  clothiers  works,   very  excellent. 


L  1  O  t7| 

AtwurMOiOOobtfcks  are  UHntlljr  ntito 
here.  The  nMaafiiftun  of  conbe  la 
alib  ^arria^  on  to  n«t  pcrCiAloii  ani 
profit.  I«iMMIfr  (KifV|«4)eWiig,cQa. 
talna  »f  inhabltanti. 

Lion,  a  rhrer  which  fidla  Into  tht 
Gulf  of  Mexico  frpn  the  N.  W.  at  tht 
biyofSt.  Bernard. 

Lion,  iVinv,  a  popoloao  kbmdom  dl 
New.gpain,  in  N.  America,  £  whkli 
are  fereral  filver  mhMt. 

Lbon,  a  town  of  the  pRnrlnct  of 
Panuco,  in  ^«f  cxico.  It  has  rich  mincat 
and  lies  to  leagtiei  N.  of  MechoaaiB» 
and  55  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Lion  di  Caracas,  St.  a  city,  tin 
capital  of  the  province  of  the  Caracaa* 
fituated  On  a  river,  about  6  leagvca  8. 
from  the  coaft,  enclofed  bv  mountaina* 
The  talley  in  which  it  ftands  is  a  lavaa* 
nah,  well  watered  and  very  healthv, 
about  3  leagues  long  and  t  brosui  in  ta* 
middle,  the  onlv  entrance  into  nvhich  b 
through  a  crooked  and  fteep  road.  The 
city  is  near  a  milt  longi  the  hoo^ 
handfome  and  well  fumiiiMd}  theftrceta 
i-egiilar,  ftraight  and  broad,  cutting  each 
other  at  right  angles,  and  terminating 
in  a  magnificent  fquare  in  the  centre. 
It  contains  about  4  or  5000  inhabitants  | 
moft  of  whom  are  owners  of  cocoa 
plantations,  which  is  or  13,000  negroea 
cultivate  in  the  rich  vallies,  which  la 
almoft  the  only  cultivation  they  have. 

Leon  db  Nicaragua,  a  town  of 
N.  America  in  New-Spain,  and  in  Uie 
province  of  Nicaragua}  the  refidence 
of  a  governor,  and  a  bifliop^s  fee.  It 
was  taken  by  the  buccaneers  in  1685,  in 
fight  of  a  Spanilh  army  who  were  6  ito 
I ;  is  feated  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain* 
which  is  a  volcano,  and  occafioni  earth- 
quakes. It  confifts  of  about  1000 
houfes,  and'has  feveral  monafteries  and 
nunneries  belonging  to  it.  At  one  end 
of  the  town  is  a  lake  which  ebbs  and 
flows  like  the  Tea.  It  is  30  miles  from 
the  South  Sea.  N.  lat.  la.  35.  W. 
long.  88.  10. 

Leonardstown,  a  poft.town  of 
Maryland,  and  the  capital  of  St.  Mary's 
county,  is  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Britton's  Brook,  juft  whert  it  falls  into 
BrittonU  Bay,  5  miles  from  its  mouth 
in  the  Patowmac,  and  contains  about  50 
houfes,  a  court-houfe,  and  gaol.  It  ia 
113  miles  fouth  of  Baltimore,  6x  fouth 
by  eaft  of  UMcr-Mhrlborough,  39 
fouth-eaft  of  Pert  Tobfeco,  and  si 7 

S  ^  fouth* 


MolriHiig  to  BdugaiavUli*!  nccoiint  of 
Unm,  «<  MfVtwiqolwn,  Mark  mi 
«Hl«tto.  TMir  IIb»  «r«  thick.  iMir 
lidirlrrnM,  aiWI  Smc  !«»•  «  Und  of 
y^Ww  wqolt  tb«y  «re  fliMm  liilfi  ill- 
madjtj  wd  Ip  fmral  dcf mirfd  by  tlw 
Mft^j^,  which  occaflomd  tN  diTcovercr 
l^qjiiimlk  toeail  U  Uw l/lttfUpmt 
nW  ^nooitn  wm  recn^  but  thejr  wen 
iltofethcr  m  dlOniftbtf  m  Uw  nn. 
They  fo  Mkcdf  luudW  covering  their 
^iit  with  «  oMt/*  They  carnr  thefa- 
diiUriP  on  their  backs  in  a  kind  of 
lUrfi  They  wear  omamcnte  in  tlicir 
iMhrilft  CM hivc nfr bcarde. 
'  tl  Roach  UMt  ie  nev  F»lk. 
bod's  I0ands{  difeovered  in  1637. 

tit  Cayis,  a  jurifdiaion  on  the  8. 
fldc  of  the  French  part  of  the  ifland  of 
|t,  DomUigOi  contains  4  pariflics  and 
j^ifJds  ahundanoQ  of  Aigar,  cotton,  and 
cojifec.  Its  exports  from  the  town  Lcs 
^aves  from  Januacy  > » 1 7 19>  to  Dec.  3 1 , 
OT  the  Amc  year,  were  s,597,<)661b.white 
^gari  %4^ii6%9$o\h,  brown  fngar{ 
l,osSiCo4lb.coffee|  1 5 5,447 lb. cotton} 
itfgiieslb.  indigo {  and  fmall  articles  to 
the  value  of  ta56  livres.  The  value  of 
duties  paid  on  the  above  on  cxpoitation 
101,51!  dollars,  S5  cents.  The  town 
i/i  Ctyett  lies  between  the  villages 
Torbcck  and  Cavaillon,  on  the  lai^ 
kay  which  fets  tip  to  the  ifland  Avache } 
limn  which  it  it  about  3  lettues  diftant, 
and  i  leagues  northerly  of  r<riBt  Aba- 
tan*  N.  nt.  18.  is.  W.  laog.  firom 
>Faris  76.  f . 

{.BTTBaKENNT,  a  townflup  in 
iTranklin  cOunty,  Pennfylvania. 
'  LbviUbtt,  a  towiifliipjn  Hamp- 
Ihire  county,  Maflachurett*,  near  Con- 
aeQicut  river,  and  95  miles  weft  ot 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1774, 
alad  contahis  ^14  inluibitants.  A  cop. 
per  Mine,  has  beeii  found  in  this  town> 
ihip. 

Lb  vf,  a  point  of  land  in  the  riVfr  St. 
Lawrence,  oppolite  to  the  city  of  <^e- 
bee. 

Lewis,  a  town  in  Eflcx  county,  8. 
W.  cif  Lcmington,  adjoining,  in  Ver- 
sJMBt  it  is  about  S  miles  ibuth  of  the 
Cani^aiiiie. 

Lewis  Ck3B||u  In  Vermont,  a  fin^I 
tieao)  which  fallfmLakc  Chun]^ 


i 


at  r«rUkitfg»  ftlitiitiwfth  «C  tkiJl^«lh 
«rtktlcOtt«rChwk. 

tiwu'a  Pay.  ^  f 4rtiglMlr  Omw. 
(y,  llaikchnAita. 

tf  WMSVROf     tat  Xil^iMM'. 
tlWiwviiOi  a  eowly  ki  Olilni* 
burgh  dllbMl.  f.  CaraUnt,        ^ 
LtwittvaoN,  anpft-taviiof  N.Ca« 

rolina.  and  capital  or  FraoKHi  cauaty. 
It  ia  ntvalBd  onTar  rivcri  and  cootaioa 
bct^wcMi  ao  and  to  ko«fta»  %  couit- 
houft  and  gaol.  It  U  jo  nUci  N.  «l 
Raleiriw  a  5  fl»utk  of  Warrmton*  56 
fiwnTarborough,  and  411  fiwnPhi. 
hdelphia. 

tiwiiiuiieR,  a  poA.io«m,  and  tha 
chief  town  of  Gncnbriar  county,  VIn 
iniai  lituatcd  onthe  N.'6dt  ofOrscn* 
riar  river,  contains  about  <o  houtei 
a  coart"heule  and  gaol.  It  ia  850 
miles  W.  1^  N.  of  Rkhmonda  and 
4t«W.  by  8.  of  Philadelphia.  M.Ut. 
3I. «. 

Lbwisbvro,  or  Tat/hnmt  a  town 
of  NoTkhunberland  countY,  Pstinfrlva. 
nfai )  fituated  on  the  weft  Ada  of  tlj^c 
Suliiiaehannah,  7  niilc*  abova  Northum- 
berland. It  contains  abaait  60  houlcsa 
and  is  well  fituated  for  carryhig  on  a 
brUk  trade  with  the  N.  W.  part  of  the 
State.  It  is  30  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Aa- 
ronfliurg. 

L«wi STOWN,  a  plantation  InLincobt 
county,  Diftriji  of  Maine*  fituated  on 
the  eail  fide  of  Androfcogpn  river,  and 
bounded  S.W.bvBowdon.  Lewiftown 
and  Gore  ccntam  5U  inkabitanta.  It 
is  36  miles  N.  B.  of  Portland. 

Lbwistown,  or  Ltvw,  a  town  in 
Suflcx  county,  OcUwarCf  is  pleafantly 
fituated  on  Lewes  creek,  }  roUes  above 
its  mouth  In  Delaware  Bayi  end  aa  far 
W.  by  N.  of  tha  light-houfe  on  Cape 
Henlopeii.  It  contains  a  fhribytcrian 
and  Methodift  church,  and  about  150 
houfes,  built  chiefly  on  a  ftitet  which  is 
moi-e  than  three  mues  in  IcMth,  and  ex- 
tending along  a  creek,  wMch  ftparatea 
the  town  from  the  pitch  of  the  cape. 
The  fituatioo  is  high,  and  chmmands  a 
full  profpca  of  thOight-houfe,  and  the 
Tea.  Tne  court-hoole,  and  the  gaol  are 
commodious  buildings,  and  give  an  air 
of  importance  to  the  town.  The  fitua. 
tion  (»  this  place  muft  at  fiaae  future; 
time  render  it  of  conliderable  imuer- 
lance.  Placed  at  the  entrance  of  a  bay, 
which  is  crowded  with  vrflels  frmn  all 
parti  of  the  world,  and  tvhich  is  fre- 

ijuently 


tftft 


WlMtf  RhM|  BMnW]r  NVIM  lO  NflllifCi 

■nd  Mtura  fttmi  to  »i|fii»  tlw  hf»- 
tut  tMt  Mt  inis  i  hw^our  fcr  fiippliig. 
Tw  doflckaey  of  ««Mr  In  tlw  crmct 
flMjr  4m  chmpiv  ind  cafilv  ftipplbil  by 
•  raMll  ouiw  fi>  M  to  »mpA  •  pdftfr 
ftr  tht  w»icra  of  Rehoboth  imo  LtWM 
crwcki  which  would  tnfttre  an  ad«qaate 
Aipply.  Tht  circuni|)Meiit  country  is 
baratifollydifcrfifkd  with  hiilt,  woedi, 
Itmmi,  and  Ukct,  fQnnbi|  an  acrcta* 
ble  contraft  to  tVc  n^kcd  fandr  beach, 
which  terminatca  in  the  cape  |  out  it  it 
gmtij  infeftfed  with  immctoet  and 
und-iiet.  It  carriea  on  a  fmall  trade 
with  Philadelphia  in  the  produAioni  of 
the  country.  A  mannfimure  of  niaj-ine 
•ad  riauber  faitt,  and  magndia,  hai 
been  latelv  eftablilhed  heiVt  which  It 
manajpd  by  a  eentleman  flcilled  In  the 

EraAieal  knowledge  of.chemiffry.    It 
1113  mUei  foiith  of  Philadelphia.   If . 
lat.  3t.  6.  W.  kNitf.  75.  it. 

LlwiSTOWN,  the  cbieftownof  Mif- 
flin county*  Pennfylvanla,  fituated  on 
the  northrrn  Me  or  Juniatti  river,  on 
the  W.  fide,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Gift. 
icoqulKt  creek  1  a  fliort  way  weft  of  the 
Long  Narrows  in  Juniatta  rivcTf  and 
about  a  3  miiet  north-cafterly  of  Hun- 
tingdon.  It  it  regularly  laid  out,  and 
containa  about  i«o  dwelling-houfet,  a 
court- hduft  and  gaol.  It  waa  incorpo- 
rated in  1795,  and  it  governed  by  two 
buretflei,  one  high  conftable,  a  town- 
cleric,  and  two  aflHlantt*  It  it  150 
milet  W.  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  40.  33.  W.  long.  77.  S3. 

LBWUNAKHANVf K,  a  town  on  the 
Ohio,  where  Chrifttan  Indiana  lettled 
under  the  care  of  the  Moravian  miffion- 
ariet. 

Lbxawacseih,  a  fmall  river  of 
PennlVlvania,  which  rifet  by  fcveral 
branonei  in  Northampton  county,  Penn- 
fylvania,  on  the  caft  fide  of  Mount  Ara- 
rat {  thefe  unite  about  10  milea  from  its 
mouth  in  Delaware  river.  Itt  couifc  it 
S.  E.  and  eaft.  It  joint  the  Delaware 
about  174  roilet  above  Philaddphia. 

LixiHOTON,  a  Mft.town  ot  Virgi- 
nia,  arid  capital  of  Rockbridge  county. 
It  it  fituated  on  the  ii61i-road  from  Phi- 
ladelphia to  Kentucky,  by  way  of  the 
wiklnerneft,  and  about  a  mile  fouth  of 
the  N.  branch  of  Oartti'a  river.  It 
cuntaint  a  court-houft,  gaol,  and  abouw 
Molkonfcf,    Ths  fittiatv9a  of  th«  tdvnr 


1&¥  «fs 

ntaniiT  ana  Hioeainvi  mm  ioo  coHpa 
try  miM  bloW  culiiVaNd*    ftlir^ 

from  PbitaMfMa,  mi^ilhm  W- 
vUkinXentolky. 

LixmoTON,  •  peft-iowft  of  lt«i. 
tvcky,  and  fhntwrlytht  mamnellidf 
that  State.  It  lafituatcd  O0  ■  rtah  M- 
tcnfivc  plain,  fai  Yuyiiua  eduMy,  M  im 
north  fide  of  T««*b  f  «k»  ■  IhuiU  ini^ 
whieh  flilla  into  tht  leuth  bnoch  «f 
Etkhem  river*  It  la  MIt on  »i^C!*Mr 
plan,  and  celitalna  tlbont  afo  houMi  n 
plaaaa  of  public  woHhip,  a  co«rt-ho«ft 
■ad  gaol.  It  containa  a  printhig-oAcaa^ 
which  publifli  a  weekly  g^tfctieai  Im 
levvrai  mna  or  goooa  wen  moiva^^ 
and  it  a  floorlAling,  atiteabla  phici^. 
It  it  fituated  in  the  midft  of  a  fine  trt^ 
of  country,  on  the  head  watert  if  Ilk* 
hem  river,  a4  milea  caft  of  Pt,  ktet» 
and  774. 8.W.  by  W.  of  PhiHidelBU«. 
Ita  inhabitamt  are  flippoAd  to  amoui^ 
now  (1 796)  to  aooo  |  among  whom'  arb 
a  number  of  very  genteel  nmiliet,  af- 
fbrdiiw  vetv  agreeably  lociety.  N.  lat* 
3t.  tf 7W.  long.  $5,  t.  Near  thit  trwu 
are  found  curiooa  ftpukhret  full  of  hvi> 
man  fltcletont.  It  hat  been  afirtcC 
that  a  man  in  or  near  the  town,  having 
dug  5  or  6  feet  below  the  furfacrof  tht 
ground,  came  to  large  fiat  ftonej  iinddr 
which  wat  a  well  of  common  depth, 
regularly  and  artificially  ftorted.  m 
the  vicinity  of  Lexington  are  found  tb^ 
remajnt  oF  two  ancient  ibrtificationa^ 
fumiihed  with  ditches  and  baftknii 
overgrown  with  large  trcet. 

LlxiNOTOK,  a  county  In  Orangei^ 
bureh  diftri£t,  8.  Carolina. 

LixiNGTON,  formerly  called  the 
Great  FaUt,  a  fmall  town  of  Georgia^ 
fituated  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Og(eeaM6 
river,  on  a  beautiful  em^pence  which 
overlooks  the  falla  of  the  rivn:.  It  It  % 
miles  from  Georgetown,  and  30  fironji 
Qreenftiorough. 

Lbxinoton,  a  town  in  Middlefex 
county,  Maflkchufetts,  10  miles  N.  W. 
of  Bofton,  having  a  neat  Congregational 
church,  and  a  number  of  compa^  houfet. 
It  has  been  rendered  iaraous  by  tbjft 
battle  fought  in  it,  April  19,  i775» 
which  may  be  confidereri  as  the.  com- 
mencement of  the  American  revolution* 
This  towndiip  coif  tahit  941  inhabttantf^ 
and  was  incorporated  ih  171s. 

LBYD4H,  a  tOvmOiip  in  H^mpfirft^ 
county,  M^flkdmicltll}  bctWMtt  CoKt«t& 

$»  and 


anpto^tl^JlMraiiwnHiuid  117  N.W. 
«|BcA«M.  It  «ru  ioooneiaM  in  17841 
<|p^c«ntiuitf  «l9  u|)h4l»itmt9. 

LiZA»9,  an  Indian  nation^  who  in* 
jbtaVit  between  the  nnouth  of  the  Ohio 
mad  Wahaih  rinn.  They  c^  furnilh 
|99warriera. 

^  lifeuiTY,  a  Doft-townof  Virginia, 
.If  IBiles  from  New- London,  35  from 
Jf  incaftle,  40  from  Franklin  caurt.houfe, 
and  65  from  Martinfturg. 

liBsnT.Y'TQWN,avilIageofMary. 
land,  fituared  in  Frcduick  county,  10 
miks  north-eaft  of  Frederi^kliown,  and 
'«bout  44  ^.N.  W.  of  the  Federal  City. 
Cupper  mines  have  been  found  near 
thic  town,  and  have  been  wrrkedj  but 
to  no  great  extent  a«  yet. 

I,tCHT£NAu,  a  Moravian  fcttkment 
on  the  e^ft  fide  of  Muflungum  river, 
t  mih;c!  below  Gofcoachnienk }  but  at 
rae.  warriors  pafled  conltantly  through 
'diis  place,  it  was  forfaken,  and  they  re- 
moved to  Saletti,  5  miles  below  Gna> 
4enhiietten. 

.  Lick,  a  n»ne  by  which  fait  fprings 
are  called  in  the  weftern  parts  of  the, 
United  States.    See  Big  Botu  Uck. 

Licking,  a  navigable  river  of  Ken- 
tucky, whicb  rifes  on  the  weftetn  con- 
fines of  Virginia  {  interlocks  with  the 
head  wattrs  of  Kentucky  river;  runt 
inaN.W.  direction  upw^M^s  of  180 
iniles,  and  by  a  mouth  150  yards  wide 
llowK  through  the  fouth  banik  of  Ohio 
river,  oppohtie  fort  Wafhington.  Upon 
this  rivta*  are  iron-works,  and  numerous 
ialt  fprings.  .Its  principnl  branch  is 
navigable  nearly  70  mile*  Prom  Lime- 
ftone  to  this  river,  the  couui.^  is  very 
r}{:ti.  -mA  covered  with  cane,  rye-grafs, 
auKC  ♦*.;i"-,»  ^l  clover. 

l^o^y^s.Ay  fortt  lies  on  the  road 
fv:)?'?  jr;,UtJ,leiphia  to  Pittiburg;  a«6 
j'^i'^i  f">m  the  former,  and  54  from  the 
laiU; .  yt;.':  i^  ;niles  from  the  £.  fidir  »f 
.'.a'-:*;!  ««I1, 

LiOVANBA,  mountains  in  the  tfland 
of  Jamaica.  At  the  ioat  of  thefe  in  St. 
Andrew's  parifli,  aboyt  fix  miles  from 
KingOon,  is  the  moft  magnificent  bota- 
nical garden  in  tho  world.  It  was  ef- 
tabliflied  in  1773,  under  the  fan£lidn  of 
ikhe  aflembly.  The  fortune  of  war  hav- 
ing thrown  into  Lord  Rodney's  hands 
many  rare,  plants,  he  prefented  to  his 
faroured  ifland  plants  of  the  genuine 
cinnamon,  the  ^lango,  bread-fruit,  and 


elhtK  arinbil  i^uftionsi  which  an 
now  become  common  In  the  ifland. 
^Col4  Sjr'tHg. 

LiLLiB,  I  citadel  at  Cape  Ann,  in 
the  townfbip  of  Glouceftcr,  Mafliu(h)i- 
fetts.  ^  '« 

Lima,  tl»  middle  diyiflionof  Peru, 
in  South-;  America.  It  has  Q^itoon  the 
north,  the  mountains  called  the  Andes 
on  the  eaft,  the  awiience  of  Los  Char- 
cos  on  the  foutb,  and  the  Pacific  ocean 
on  the  weft.  There  arc  many  wild 
bcafls  in  the  audience. 

Lima,  the  capital  of  Peru,  in  S.  A- 
merica,  is  alfo  called  Los  Heyes,  or  the 
City  of  Kings,  and  is  the  emporium  of 
this  part  of  tne  world.  It  was  founded 
by  Don  Franciico  Pizarrp,  on  the  iSth 
of  January,  1535}  is  fituatedin  a  large, 
fpacioiiSf  and  fertile  plain,  called  the 
valley  olRimac,  on  the  fouthfide  of  the 
river  Rin;ac,  which  luns  weftward. 
The  name  of  Lima  being  only  a  corrupt 
pronunciation  of  the  Indian^word,  which 
IS  derived  from  an  idol  to  which  the  In., 
dians  and  their  Yncas  ufed  to  facrific^. 
This  idol  hieing  fuppofed  to  return  an- 
fwers  to  the  prayers  offered  to  it,  they 
called  it,  by  way  of  diAinAion,  Rimac, 
i.  e.  the  fpeaker. 

It  is  fo  well  watered  by  the  river  Ri- 
mac, that  the  inhabitants  command  a 
liream,  each  for  his  own  ufe.  The  N. 
fide  of  the  town  runs  nearly  dofe  to  the 
river  for  the  length  of  about  10  furlongs. 
At  about  f  of  this  fpace,  from  the  weft, 
em  extent,  an  elegant  ft<me  bridge  of  4 
or  5  su-ches  is  built  acroTs  the  river  lead- 
ing fouth,  about  aoo  yards  to  the  great 
fquare,  of  which  the  tide  is  about  14.0 
yards.  The  ftreet  continues  fouth 
from  the  bridge,  for  near  a  mile,  having 
pai'allel  ftreets,  8  to  the  weft,  and  6  to 
the  eaft,  befides  other  ftreets  which  ru^ 
obliquely  fouth-eaftward.  The  fifteen 
ftreets,  running  north  and  fouth,  are 
crofted  by  eight  others  running  eaft  and 
weft,  belides  feveral  to  the  louthward, 
not  parallel  to  the  fomusr,  and  others  in 
the  eaftcrn  parts,  which  have  different 
direJlions.  The  figure  of  the  town  is 
neaily  quadrilateral.  A  diagonal  line 
running  eaft  and  weft,  would  he  1 8  fuc^ 
longs  in  length ;  and  the  fouthern  p«- 
pendicular,  about  7  furlongs,  and  the 
northern  about  4  furlones  \  fo  that  tho 
city  ftaods  on  a  fpace  ot  ground  nearly 
equal  to  a  mile  and  a  quarter  fquare. 
1^  ti^ji^^them  fide  for  about  three  guar- 
'"""  ''  tcrs 


1 1  M 

tvn'nf  M  ntle-iieict  tibe  river<  It  hrtHiei 
moMy  hf  rcdant ;  the  rrft  of  tlnr  car- 
edit  U  ineloftd  with  34  hc^oiw  baftiont 
aiid;  tbtir  ihtecmediatc  euMains. .  The 
whole  is  faced  with  a  brick  waU|  nnd 
lurrounded  with  a  ditch,  but  has  no  co- 
vered way,  glacis,  nor  outworks.  £tght 
gatesf  befides  that  at  the  bridgerftBmiih 
a  communication  with  the  adjacent 
countiy;  The  city  ftands  about  6  miiw 
from  Callae,  which  is  the  fea-poit  to 
|<ima,and  1 80  north  weft  of  Gnamanga. 
The  white  pet^le  in  Lima  are  eitimatcd 
at  about  1 5,000,  and  the  whole  number 
of  inhabitants  are  about  60,000. '  One 
remarkable  fa£l  is  fufBcient  to  demon* 
ftrate  the  wealth  of  this  citv.  When 
the  viceroy,  the  Duke  deia  Palada,  made 
his  eiitry  into  Lima,  in  i68s,  the  inha« 
bitants,  to  do  him  honour,  cauled  the 
ftreetsto  be  paved  with  ingots  of  fiiver, 
amounting  to  17  millions  fttrrling.  All 
travellers  fpeak  with  amazement  of  the 
decorations  of  the  chiu'ches  with  gold, 
fiiver,  and  precious  ftones,  which  load 
and  omannent  even  the  walls.  The 
only  thing  that  could  jiiftify  thefe  ac- 
counts, is  the  immente  riches  and  cxten> 
five  commerce  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
merchants  of  Lima  ma^  be  fakl  to  acal 
with  all  the  quarters  of  the  world ;  and 
that  both  on  their  own  account,  and  as 
h&on  f^r  others.  Here  all  the  pro- 
duflionsof  the  fouthern  provinces  are 
conveyed,  in  oitltr  to  be  exchanged  at 
the  harbour  of  Lima,  for  fuch  articles  as 
the  iii^abitant^i  of  Peru  ftand  in  need  of. 
The  fictt  from  Europe  and  the  Baft.  In- 
dies  land  at  the  fame  harbour ;  and  the 
commodities  of  Afia,  Europe,  and 
America,  are  there  battered  for  each 
other.  But  all  the  wealth  of  the  inhabi- 
tants, all  the  beauty  of  the  fituation,  and 
the  fertility  of  the  climate  of  Lima,  are 
infufficient  to  compenlate  for  the  dii'ai- 
ter  which  threatens,  and  has  Ibmetimes 
a£lually  befallen  them.  Earthquakes  are 
very  frequent. 

Since  the  year  1 58*,  there  have  hap. 
pened  about  fifteen  concuflions,  befides 
that  on  the  i8th  of  Oftober,  1746,  at 
half  an  hour  after  10  at  night,  five  liours 
and  three  quarters  before  the  full  of  the 
moon  {  which  began  with  fuch  violence, 
that  in  little  more  than  three  minutes, 
the  greateft  part,  if  not  all  the  buildings, 
great  and  finall,  in  the  whole  city,  were 
deftroyed;  burying  under  their  ruins 
thofe  inhabitants  who  had  not  made  Aif* 


fidenlliiftf  ittbiAe'irtiit  Md  %«HM^ 
tht  only  MdMble  jOmt  if  M«Vfm 
liMft  terriMe  teilvaHMVfoi^Mtllftw  ilv 
length  tlw  dmiM!  dMki  «f  ite  i^ 
fliockceafiid,  but  tl»  tnunwifVtfmmiii 
Hunt  dtirathm  i  takcvXknwni^nSi^  tl^ 
repeatedly,  ihattbc  inllaUtpHti*  atCflUNb^ 
ing  to  the  account  Ant  of  itb  nunfvUtt 
»oo  HI  the  firft^  i^r'lmuwf  Md  to  ih» 
»4th  of  February,  thwi  fialkMriny  yMli; 
1 747,  when  the  murattivf  wot  dMed,  'tm 
lets  than  450  fcidts  wcfte  obiclh^ed^t, 
fbme  cf  which,  if  lefs  pcmMccnt,  WMte 
eqaal  to  the  firtt  ui  .violence.    TV 
ibrt  I  f  Calhw,  at  the  very  iinne  iMoMW^p 
tumbled  into  ruins.  Bnt  what  it  ftiflitw 
ed  from  the-earthonake  in  its  bniUUnga* 
was   inconfiderable,    when    c«n»aNi' 
with  the  terrible  cataftropbe  nfeiittlolipv 
lowed.    For  the  fea,  as  is  ufiial  dn  :A«li; 
occafrans,  reeedine  to  «  odnfideraUe 
diftance,     ittumed     in    newmindaa 
waves,   foaming  with  thr  vfailtec*  of ' 
the  agitation,  andfaddenlyovefwMm- 
ed  Callao  and  the  neigfabooriag  tonn* 
try.    This  was  not,  hmvever ,  peffarai. 
ed  by  the  firft  fsMlUpg  of  the  wmtm  * 
For  the  fea  retiring  further*  rctonMd  > 
with  ftill  greater  inipetuofityt  At  jN* 
pendeua  water  covetfing  korlitlie««U» 
and  other  boildisss  cl  tbc  pkct}  ib 
that  whatever  had  efcuwd  the  &rft» 
was  now  totally  ovcrwhtimed  by  diofe 
terrible  moomains  of  waves  f  and  no- 
thing  remained,  except  a  piece  of  the 
wall  of  the  fott  df  Santa  Cirus,  as  a  me- 
mwial  of  this  terrible  devafbtvm.  Heift 
wrere  then  &)  fliips  and  veffels,  great 
and  fmall,  ui  the  harbour,  of  vMdt  19 
were  funk,  and  the  other  four^  among 
which  was  a  frigate  called  St.  Frmiiia 
carried  by  the  force  of  the  wavc'>  to  a 
confiderahle  diftahce  up  the  iovntry* 
See  CaUao,     This  tcrnble  inondatioa 
extended  to  other  partt  of  the  conft» 
as  Cavailos  and  Guanape;  the  towst 
of  Chancay,  Guaura,  and  the  valliit 
Delia  Baranco,  Sape,  and  Pativiica,  un- 
derwent the   fame  fate  as  the  city  of 
Lima.  According  to  an  account  fentto 
Lima  after  this  accident,  a  vokauo  in 
Lucanos  hurft  forth  the  fame  night,  and 
eje^ed  fuch  quantities  of  water,  that 
the  whole  country  vras  overflown  |  and 
in  the  mountain  near  Patas,  called  Con- 
verftones  de  Caxamarquilla,  three  other 
volcanoes  burtt,  diicnarging  firightfol 
torrents  of  water}  and  in  the  Sum 
manner  at  tim  of  Qaiguayaffi).   Xamt 
S3  X 


ff« 


%tn 


mtafmimimSif.  The  inhtbittan 
Hi  ffCKjPt  dMNMidbid  I  mmI  iIib  moniu 

•MkaiNMy  «f  fllMB  tlMWtaW  glWt  nOBk' 

Vrty  IM;  no  msic  tllmSt»  twa  the  nft 
«f  the  MMetaBtt*  If  aiqr  one  tappiBif 
la«mliliMak»  ke  Je  ia  diagv  of  bit 
lifek  fiir  tli^  «l«rsjre  carry  ifigen  C9n> 
4MeBk  '<s<ifpe»'Meordiii§[  to  icveni  ob* 
IffHHiliiM  Hieia  fcr  tlwt  pirMfe,  ftand* 
kiht*  IS*  ••  st.'fir.  end  itekng.  it  75. 
5«.  W.  The  ivariitia*  «f  the  needle  is 
f»  *»  }•.  eeierljr. 

I4MM«  •  vUlafB  ia  die  N.  W.  part 
e^lheiliand  of  St.  Doani^,  7  leagvct 
wdl  by  foutb  of  Cape  Francoia. 

LUMKicK*  a  townfliip  in  York  co. 
MMBe*  fituatcd  near  tbe  cenflaeace  of 
LiltieOffper  river  vrith  Sace»  and  op. 
ndfite  Gflrbam  in  Ctunberfamd  county. 
Itoaa ibcnrparated  m  t7S7,  containa 
4iil  iababitaBts«  and  ia  x i4iBilea ncrth- 
^hrofSoftoD. 

LMBaiCKi  •  taiwnflitp  in  Mmtgo- 
laary  coun^t  Fcnnfylviaia. 

LiMBtTONB  CagBX*  in  Tcnneflce* 
H  the  north>ekikni  branch  -of  Nolu- 
chachy  river.  It  rife*  sa  milea  ibatb  of 
Leng-Ifland  in  HoMkn  river. 

XjMBtroMB,  a  poll  toiwa  in  Ken- 
tackyr  fituaMd  on  the  foiith  fide  of 
Qhbi  river*  aad  oa  tbe  weft  fide  of  the 
mouth  «f  a  finall  creek  of  its  name. 
It  ftanda  oa  a  hifty  and  uacven  bank, 
aad,  is  Bot  ftm  fnaa  tbe  river  aatil  one 
iavrithia  a  miles  of  it.  This  is  tbe  ufual 
landing-place  for  people  cembigdown 
in  boats,  «bo  mean  to  ftttle  in  Me  ap. 
per  parts  of  the  State)  and  here  tne 
cbanpaign  country  oa  the  caftem  fide 
ot  the  river  begins.  It  la  4.'mHrs  north. 
taA  of  the  town  of  Wafhington,  43 
ioDth^weft  of  Fort  Wafhington,  44 
S*  W.  by  S.  of  Bourbontown,  and  500 
miles  behiw  Pittfturg.  N.  lat.  3!.  40. 
W.  long.  S4. 17. 

LiMr  NADB,  a  village  on  the  north 
fide  ot  th^  French  part  of  the  illand  of 
St.  Domingo,  4  leagues  fouth-wcft  of 
Fort  Jbauphine,  and  7^  meafurine  in  a 
ibraight  line  fouth-ciift:  of  Cape  Fran> 
cois.    N.  lat.  19.  37. 

■  i.iM  COLN,  a  large  maritime  county  of 
the  Diftrift  of  Maine )  bounded  north 
by  Canada,  (buth  by  the  ocean,  eaft  by 
Hancoch  county,  and  weft  by  that  (tf 
Cutnbirlandt  Its  fisa.coaftextaida  from 
that  part  of  Venobfeot  Bay  ojppdtec  to 
Dicr  UioA  mtttmAt  t»  Cift  ImaU 


XXN 

Paint  aNdKranl.  ft  ia  soe  siika  kaf 
aad  54  bioad,  aad  conipaehends  40 
towna  and  plantations  t  bat  there  ai« 
large  trada  yet  uaftttled,  Tbtpopahu 
tioa  atoBoaata  to  a9,96a  free  nemns. 
The  fta-xoaft  of  tbe  caonliea  w  Ctmi. 
berfaad  and  Lfaleola  is  100  aiUea  in  ex. 
tent,  nealbredr,  m  a  llraight  liae^  but  is 
fiiid  m  be  above  aoo  by  tbe  coarA  of 
the  waters.  It  abounds  with  faie  and 
conuBodioas  harboani  and  the  whole 
flmre  is  eovered  by  a  line  of  iilands, 
anmq;  which  vcftaa  may  generally  m. 
chor  in  fhftty.  There  .are  ia  thefe 
counties  nuuiy  large  rivera,  fonc  of 
them  nav^ble  hr  op  the  country) 
and  ahhoi^h  navigation  for  large  tef. 
61s  is  interrupted  by  Mis,  wMn  £ir 
up  the  rivers,  yet  idiove  the  fallt, 
there  is  plenty  of  water  foe  boats,  near. 
Iv  to  the  ieoree  of  the  rivers )  mi  by 
the  lakes  and  ponds  and  branches  of  the 
rivers,  there  is  a  water  communication, 
with  few  interruptions,  from  the  weft, 
em  to  the  eaftem  bounds,  aCrofs  the 
country,  above  the  ceatrc  of  It.  By  this 
route  itt  proi]u£lton8  may,  at  a  fmall 
expenfe,  be  tranfuortcd  to  tbe  different 
fea.poits.  The  hipreme  judicial  court 
helu  in  Lincoln  county,  has  civil  and 
criminal  lurifdiAion  in  caufta  arifing  in 
Hancock  and  Waftiington  eounties. 
Chief  towns,  Pownalbwough,  Halle, 
well  and  Waldoborough. 

Lincoln,  a  c.  unty  of  hforgan  dif. 
tria,  North-Carolina  bounded  N.  E. 
by  Iradell,  N.  W.  by  Burke,  weft  by 
Rviherford,  and  eaft  by  Cabarraa.  It 
contains  9Ba4  inhabitants,  ofwhom  935 
are  (laves.  Here  are  mineral  fprings 
and  minea  of  iron.  A  furnace  and  ibrge 
have  been  ereftcd,  which  carry  on  the 
manufafiorc'ofpig,  harir(Hi,<{e.  ChieJf 
town,  Lincobtown. 

Lincoln,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
bounded  N.  by  Mercer,  N.  W.  by 
Waftiington,  N.  Sr  by  Maddilba,  and 
S.  by  Logan.  By  the  cenAis  of  1790, 
it  coqtaiiMd  6548  inhabitants^  of  whom 
1094  were  ilavcs.  The  road  from 
pnnville  on  Kentucky  river  pafles  thro* 
it  Ibuth.wcfteriv,  and  over  Cumberland 
mountain  to  Virginia. 

Lincoln,  a  town  in  Mercer  county, 
Kentucky,  (ituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Dick's  rtvi'r,  oa  the  toad  from  Danville 
to  Virginia.  It  ftanda  la  miles  fouth<^ 
eaft  of  Danville,  an''.  11  north- weft  of 
Crab>Or<hard. 

Linco;.k« 


Lit 

biwcobi^  B  iownni|i  n  viuiui 
corn*  Mc«r-HaiiqrfUi«>  iMMIilponttd 
jki  sT^i  MMmi  >s  ranUMiiitt* 

Ltlie6i.li,  t  towMiip  in  tin  iloidi- 
cmpwtof  AddUbncootrtjr,  Vermont/ 
sranud  Moif*  7>  '7*^* 

lt»ciAt.iik  a  toinaiuttlii  MUdfeftk 
jeountjTf  M^PMiiiiictti»  uMonioniMi  In 
>754.  It  coiltalm  740  failiaUtttiti,  ttd 
it  il  nilM  north-weft  6f  ikMon. 

LiNCdbM>  a  new  «•.  df  Otor|^, 
lakloutin  17961  from  WUkce  eo.  oii 
Savannah  river,  between  Broad  and  lit- 
^rivcrt. 

LnlcoLNTOWN,  apoft-tcwm  of  N. 
Candina,  andci^tidot  Lincoln  county. 
|t  conti^  ahottt  lo  honfta,  a  court« 
houft,  and  gaol.  It  is  f6  miles  from 
Mbrgantown,  icofrom Salem, and  7kS 
ifouth  by  weft  of  rhibddt^ia. 

LiNDLtr,  a  viUife  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the  Canawiifaue  bnmch  of  Tioga  riv- 
er, hi  New-YoHc,  %  mllea  nolth  of  the 
iPennfyivania  IhM,  t  8.W.  by  S.  of  the 
Painted  Poft,  64.  fouth-caft  of  Kairtford, 
on  the  toad  to  NiMara. 

LlHM,  a  townftip  ht  Northampton 
coonty,  PeiOiiyivania. 

LiNMBLiNOPiES.    See  titlutuutrft. 

LtSBOit,  a  town  In  New-Ltttidon 
county,  ComtcAtcttt,  htely  a  part  cnf 
Norwich,  about  7  miles  northerly  of 
Norwich.  It  contains  %  Mrilhes,  each 
having  a  congregational  Church.  It  lies 
on  the  weft  flde  of  Qoinebaug  river,  and 
eaft  of  Franklin. 

Lisbon,  a  village  of  York  county, 
Penniyivania,  fnuated  near  the  fouth 
fide  of  Yellow  Breeches  creek,  which 
falls  into  the  Sufi^uehannah.  It  con^tns 
libout  15  houfbs,  and  lies  18  miles  from 
York. 

LiTCUPiELD,  a  townfliip  in  Luicoln 
county,  DiftriA  of  Maine,  4.5  miles  from 
Hallowell,  and  sio  N.  E.  ot  Bofton. 

LiTCMPiBLO,  a  townfliip  In  HilKbo- 
rough  county.  New-  Hampfliire,  (Ituat- 
ed  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Merrimack  river, 
about  50  miles  wefterly  of  Portfmouth. 
it  was  fettled  in  1749,  and  in  177  j  it 
contained  284,  and  in  1790,  357  inha. 
bitants. 

LtTCHFlBLD,  a  popoulous  and  hilly 
county  of  CoimeCtiCttt )  bounded  north 
hv  tife  State  of  MaftiMhufetts,  fouth  by 
New.Haven  and  PairK<dd  counties,  eaft 
by  Hartfoid,  and  weft  by  the  State  of 
New-York.  It  is  divided  into  io*town- , 
ftiipi,  CdiitBl&iiig  3t,755  inhabitanti,  in- 


lit 


tff 


iddhtodra^f-flaMi.  tmmi0\ 
of  t^cfttffitiy  btMtti  ^TfMiii 
ous.  ThcfbaiafiMiUe,yUMiii 
crops  01  wheat  and  iBdhai  oM|ia.ah^ 
Mbng  fine  paftiti^.  tt  ii  JVpkMiid  i 
tlre^r  ft«m  ttatttine  MnMnere*  ip 
the  inhabitants  are  iUneft  t^mm^ 

Lttcnfit.t9iiht  ehtef  MWtt  «l  ^ 
above  cdumy,  flinated  nun  an  cleiMtf 
pbin,  and  much  eBpofed  to  the  t^ 
whids  of  winter,  but  eidoys  allb  i  kn|e 
ihare  of  the  rtfttfliing  biieftea  «f  A^. 
mar.  It  is  a  handi^iie  fitiiaUon,  «|i> 
tabling  about  60  or  70  dweUing-ho^» 
a  court-faoufe  and  meilintf-heule.  Ir  k 
p  miles  weft  of  lUrttbhl,  and4aN.N. 
w.  of  New^Haven.  M^  lat.Ai'  ntfi» 
W.  lonff.  7).  37.    In  the  S.  W.  oof- 


aer  of  the  townlhip  ftands  an  hirii  hw 
called  Mount  Tom,  Ol)  fevenafplD 
ftreams,  fome  of  whieh  ftU  intoOraif 
Pot^,  are  3  iroti  works,  an  oil  initt  aiM 
a  number  of  faw  tlkt  grift  inills. 

LittUtitLti,  a  tOwiiftiip  u  tlerkc- 
iher  cotuMy,  New-York  taken  from 
Cermah   Flats,    ana   incorporated  ii^ 

tiTiis,  of  LetUiit,  a  village  or  town 
in  Lancafter  county,  Penafylvada,  fitu- 
ated  in  Warwick  townfliip,  on  the  lbutl| 
fide  of  a  fmail  ftream,  wMch  fends  it* 
waters  through  Concftoga  creek  itt0 
the  SufaUehannah.  It  contains  aiMj|f 
50  houws  chiefly  of  ftbnt,  a  ftoof  ta- 
vern, and  an  elegant  churcb  with  a  tiee- 
ple  and  bell.  The  fettlement  was  be- 
Min  in  f  757>  it  is  inhabited  by  tho 
United  Brethren,  whofe  mode  of  lite  and 
Cuftoms  are  fimilar  ta  thofe  of  Betltle- 
hem.  There  is  alfo  a  good  farm  and 
ieveral  mill  works  belongins  to  the 
place.  The  nitmber  of  inhabitants^  in- 
cluding thofe  that  belont;  to  Litis  c«n- 
gregation,  living  On  their  farms  in  ths 
neighbourhood,  amounted,  in  178;,  to 
upwards  of  300.  tt  is  8  miles  north 
of  Lancafter,  and  66  W.  by  N.  of  Phi'^ 
ladtflpliia. 

LitttEEcr.  Har-bOvr,  a  portal 
entry  on  the  enft  coirt  of  New-Jerlejr, 
comprehending  all  the  fhores,  bays  atid 
creeks  from  Barnegai  Inkt  to  Brigantine 
Inlet,  both  inclufive.  The  town  of 
Tucktrtott  is  the  port  of  entry  for  this 
diftViA.     See  l£gg. 

Little  W^GOMqyiNS,  Indians  who 
inhabit  near  the  Three  |Uversr  and  eaa 
raife  about  100  warfiori. 

S  4  LXTTLI* 


:*' 


h  I  T 

letK^ppOki^  of  MuM»  hav- 

MfTTIff  ttitAiH,  a  to«rnlbip  in 
XiaiiciAtr  tfoantyi  Fennfylvanta.  .  AUb 
abpofSip  ii;  Cheftcr  coiunty,  in  the 

''XtTTCiICoMrtON,  a  town(hipi> 

Sewpoitcmmtyt  Rhode-Kbadi  boancl. 
1 1*,  by  TivfrtaiA }  S^  by  the  Atlantic 
<D<;dUii|  w|)ett  are  Sotoonnet  rock*}  W. 
by  n#  f^  i«Qi'B*  in^  Mount  Hope 
lliiy  i  and  E.  by  tlie  State  of  Maflfachu- 
Mttk.  It  contiuM  IS4S  inhabitantsi  of 
iwhoin  %%  are  flayes.  It  was  called  Se- 
^r«MMl  or  £r4m«M>  by  the  Indians,  and 
U  Cud  Ui  be  the  bed  cultivated  townfliip 
in  the  8tatt»  and  affords  greater  quan. 
titles  of  meat,  bntter,  cheeft,  vegetables, 
lUrc.  than  any  other  town  of  its  fiie. 
*t1)e  inhabitanta  are  very  induftrioiis, 
mi  manufefture  finen  and  tow  doth, 
fiannali,  fee.  of  an  excellent  quality,  and 
in  coofiderable  quantities  for  fale. 

LiTtLB  FOfi*^  In  the  N.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, ftands  on  the  fouth-weftern  bank 
taf  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  fouth  fide 
ittf  Old  Fort  river,  which  mnh  a  north- 
•aftemcourfe  into  th^  lake.    See  Cbi 

tMO. 

"  LitTLB  Harbovr.  See  Pafcata- 
OHM,  It  is  near  the  mbuth  of  Paicata- 
mx  river,  about  a  mile  from  Pbrtf- 
JMath,  in  Mew.HampOiire.  A  lettle- 
ncM  was  attempted  nere  in  1 613. 

iLlTTLB  MBCAtlNA.  Stc MtcettMa. 

LiTTLB  Pblican,    See  Ftlicem. 

liTTLB  RiVBR,  in  Georgia,  is  a 
beautiful  and  rapid' river,  and  at  its  cdn- 
Buence  with  Savannah  river,  is  about  50 
yards  wide.  On  a  branch  of  Little  river 
Is  the  town  of  Wri^htfl)orough.  Alfo 
a  liver  which  (eparates,  in  part,  N.  and 
S.  Carolina. 

LiTTTLB  RiVBB,  a  plantation  in 
Uneoln  county,  Diftri6l  ot  Maine,  con- 
tuning  64  inhabitants. 
'  LiTTtB  Ro^KS,  on  the  N.W.  bank 
of  H'inbia  river,  are  fitiiated  60  miles 
from  the  Forks,  %jo  from  the  Mifflfippi 
river,  and  43  S.  W.  of  Fox  river.  The 
S.W.  end  of  thefe  rocks  Itek  nearly  op- 
pofite  to  thcf  mouth  of  Vermilion  river, 
and  the  two '  fittall  ponds  where  the 
French  and  Indians  have  made  good 
lalt,  lie  oppofite  to  the  N.E^end.  A  coal 
mine  halt  a  mile  long  extends  along  the 
bank  of  the  river  above  thefe  rocks. 
>  I.ITTLB,  60DVS,  a  finaU  harbour  of 


%  P  C 

Lake  Ontario,  about  ij  ndlMlb^tlitgi^ 

of  Ofwego.  :'\' 

LitTi.BTON,  a  towni^tip  in  MU^ 

fex  county,  Maj^hufetts,.  yt,  naaliss  N. 

W,.of  llofton.  •  ,'  .;      '    j,.     Vr-iv 

LiTTL&VoN,  a  towmflitpi  If  Giifini 

cotisty*  llewliampflur^,  j^apiMftof  Ap. 

thorpc)  waa  incorporated  >n>t7l4*  ^^ 
contains  $<  Inhabitants^  ItliefonCon- 
ne£licttt  river,  bdbw  '1^  15  naiki  Falls, 
and  nearl^y  oppo$te  Concord  in  yeiv 
liidnt.  '  ,   '  ."   ,     '    "     ■'  :    V 

LiTTLBTONi  a  townfliip in  Caledonia 
county,  Vermont,  on  ihe  W.  fide  of 
Conne^icut  river,  oppofite  the  15  mile 
Falls,  and  conttuns  63  ioha.bitants. 

LiTTLBTON,  a  to^Niifhip  0^  MalEi- 
chuletts,  in  Middlefexco.  if  mile*  ^*  v  * 
ofBofton.  itwasineorporatetlin  1713, 
and  contains  554  inhabitants. 

LiTTtETPM,  Fort,  in  Penn^lva< 
nia,  IS  »7  milies  E.  of  B^dford/ty  S.W^ 
by  Vf.  of  CarlUle,  and'  34  t^l.  by  %  of 
Fort  FVede'rick,  in  ^Vafluhgton  county^ 
Maryland.  '•'.■■■.  i 

LivaRMORB,  a  u^ntation  in  Cumi 
berland  county,  Diftri^t,  of  Maine,  IT- 
tuated  on  Androfcoggin  river,  19  loiles 
N.W.ofHallowdll. 

LiVBRPOoi.,  a  town  on  the  §.  iideof 
the  Bay  o^  FiifKly,  in  Queeii's  county^ 
Noval  Scotia, '  fettled  liyNcw-England.' 
ers.  Roflighol,  a  confiderable  lalu,  lies 
betwteh  this'totvn  and  Annapolis.  It  is 
31  miles  N.  £.  of  Shelbume,  and  58. 
N.  W.  of  Halifax,  tt  was  formerly 
called  Porl /ii^j^i^. 

Livf  NOSTON,  a  townfliip  in  Colum- 
bia county,  New- York,  fituated  on  thb 
eaft  bank  of'Hudfon's  river,'  4  miles 
northerly  of  Palatine  town,  11  fouth  of 
Hudfon,  and  9  (outh-eaR  of  Claveiack, 
It  contains  4594  inhabitants  }  of  whoth 
659  are  eIe£lors,  and  «33<flaves. 

Livingston's  Crtekt  a  confidei-able 
branch  of  North- Weft,  an  arm  of  Cape 
Fear  river.  This  creek  heads  in  vaft 
Iwamps  in  the  vicinity  of  the  beautiful 
lake  Waukama. 

LoBOS,  iflands  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil. Tne  fouthernmoft  ifland  is  in  S. 
ladtude  6.  27.'  One  of  thefe  iflands 
obtains  the  name  of  Lebns  de  la  nur  ^ 
the  other,  which  lies  to  the  north  of  it, 
and  very  like  it  in  fitape  and  'Appearance, 
is  called  £0^0/  d»  titrra, 

Locke,  a  military  townfliip  in  New- 
York  State,  adjoining  to  Milton  on  the 
caft,  fituated  iu  Onoooago  county.  The 

centre 


I  Con- 
F*U«, 


fnm  «f  lilt  totm  it  m  niU«|iH.  B.;  of 
lll^«.«ndofCayf^kkt.  SwJiif^. 

LpCKAKT«BW»«»  ttQwnil  IB  Lttsernc 
couBtjr,  PcDnMY«nitk  iUaalcd  on  an 
•fthnNM  formed  bjr  toe  conAience  of 
the  SuTqachamBh  u4  "^'^J^  nivert*  a- 
lKWtfti^U«jp)Kiv«t)i(^rJM9Rion.  't'lkre 
jire  M  yet  few  hiodk^  bwiit>  but  it  pro. 
fniiStf  tq  b(;  a  ptscc  af  irapmtance»  at 
tK>tb  tliexivfin  arc  naviKa^te  for  many 
raika  into  the  State  of  New^  York.  It 
i*  4  mile*  (bath  of  the  New- York  line, 
nearly  49  wcfterly  of  Harmony*  and  90 
above  Wilkfliarre. 

LOOAN,  t  new  county  in  the  State  of 
Kentucky. 

'  LoosTOWK,  on  the  weftem  fide  of 
the  Ohio,  He*  ibuth  of  Butler's  Town, 
and  1 1  miles  from  Pittfl>urg. 

Logwood  Country,  lies  N.  W. 
of  the  Mofauito  Shore,  at  the  head  of 
^he  Bay  of  Honduras,  and  extends  from 
Vera  Paz  tq  Yucatan  from  15^  to 
i8|  N.  lat.  The  whole  coaft  is  over- 
fpread  with  iflott,  keys  and  Iboals,  and 
the  navigation  is  intricate. 

XoMOON,  a  town  in  Aim  Arundel 
^o^nty,  MaryUnd,  5  mies  S.  W.  of 
Annapolis. 

London  Covk,  a  narrow  water  of 
pmg-Iiland  Sound,  which  lets  up  north 
^nto  the  townfliip  of  New-London,  4 
miles  weft  of  the  mouth  of  Thames 
river.  Millftone  Point  ieparates  it  from 
Another  much  broader  on  the  weft, 
^crofs  which  is  a  handfome  bridge, 
with  a  draw  at  Aope  Ferry. 
'  Londonderry*  a  poft-town  in 
Rockingham  county^  New>Hamp(hire, 
Atuated  near  the  head  of  Beaver  river, 
which  emptiM  into  Merrimack  river, 
it  Pawtucket  Falls.  It  is  38  miles  S.  W. 
by  W.  of  Portfmouth.  Londonderry 
was  fettled,  in  17T8,  and  ineorporated 
I7»s,  and  contains  %s^o  inhabitants, 
"^he  people  are  mol|iy  the  delcetidants 
of  emigrants  from  it,  came  chiefly  from 
Ulfter  county  in  Ireland,  or  originally 
from  Scotland,  and  attend  largely  to  the 
manufa£lure  of  linen  cloth  and  thread, 
and  make  confiderable  quantities  for 
iale.  The  town  is  much  indebted  to 
fbem  for  its  wealth  and  conl'equence. 
'  Londonderry,  a  townfliip  in  Ha- 
lifax co'imty,  Noya-Scotia,  Htuated  on 
(he  N..  fide  of  Cbhequid  or  Colchefter 
river,  about  30  miles'favm  its  mouth,  at 
the  bafin  of  Mtnas.  It  was  fettled  by 
the  Nortk  Irilh  and  Scotch. 


tffen 

l4UiD0«Di»Ri(^«inMii1|b  avfldit 
nsrtli.wcAenwMft  of  Windtatt  cmtal 
Vermont,  on  ^hmdmmm^Htm/ 
river*. about  ss  mUca  N^  ^Sieii  Jfiiiiw 
ttiimton4  It  waa  gnwied  Mfairik  •«i» 
J7f ot  Mooft  Mrdiataiit  estenda  ini* 
the catem  part  of  thit  tcNfi%j.    « , 

I«0lll»O|IOIRibW  the  IMB*  ol  two 
towtilltips  ill  Pca«^lvauia,  the  <Me  li 
Chatter  cottutj»  tito  oeb«'  in  tint  "^ 
Daophine. 

LoNDOHOROVB,  Rtownlhipio  Daa^ 
phine  connty,  Peanlylvania.  ' 

Long  Bajf,  ejrtenda  aloi^  the  Ihom 
of  N.  and  6.  Carolina*  fropi  Cape  Fear 
to  the  mouth  of  Pedee  river. 

Long  Bsy*  on  the  fouth  ikle  of  tha 
ifland  of  Jamaica*  extends  from  Gutt 
to  Swift  river,  and  aSbrda  anchorage 
for  fmall  vcflels.  '■  ^ 

Long  Bajt  in  the  ifland  of  Barb«- 
does,  in  the'  Wfft-Indies,  Kea  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  ifland,  having  St.  Jo.* 
feph's  river  fouthreatterly,  and.  Pico 
Teneriflfe  north- weftorly.  Anodier  bqr 
of  the  fame  name  lies  on  the  fouth  end 
of  the  ifland,  about  a  miles  eafterly  of 
the  ibuth  point. 

Lo  N  u  IfloKdt  in  Pcnobfcot  bay.  Sac 
Iflejhorvugb, 

Long,  or  Eighteen  r.4kBiacbfoa  the 
coaft  of  New- Jerfey,  lies  between  Littie 
Egg  harbpur  inlet  and  tliat  of  Bamegat. 

Long  Jflatui,  formerly  called  Mm^ 
hattaut  afterwards  Najjim  IJaml,  be> 
iongs  to  the  State  of  New-Vork.  It 
extends  firom  Hudfon's  river  oppofite  to 
Stat  enr  Ifland,  almoft  to  the  weftem 
bounds  of  the  coaft  of  Rhode-Iflandy 
terminating  with  Montauk  Point.  Ita 
length  is  about  144  miles,  ami  its  me- 
dium breadth  not  above  10  miles  {  and 
feparated  from  Conne£ticut  by  Long* 
Illand  Sound.  It  contains  i,40olc|uare 
miles  {  and  is  divided  into  3  counties* 
Ktng^s,  Queen's  and  Suffolk,  and  thefe 
again  into  1 9  townfliipr.  The  N.  fide 
of  the  ifland  is  rough  and  hilly.  A 
fingle  range  of  tliefe  hills  extends  frcmi 
Jamaica  to  Southhold.  The  Ibil  is  here 
well  calculated  for  raifing  grain,  hay, 
and  fruit.  The  Ibuth  fide  ot  the  ifland 
lies  low,  with  a  iiebt  famiy  Ibil.  On  the 
iea-coaft  are  extenfive  traas  of  i'alt  niea» 
dow,  which  extend  from  Southampton  to^ 
the  weft  end  of  the  ifland.  The  foil, 
notwithftanding,  is  well  adapted  to  the 
culture  of  gram,  paiticiilarly  Indian 
corn.    Nea^  the  middie  of  the  ifland  is 

Hampftead 


I^OrM 


jk1^4«  MilMldftK,  alii  ibeut^  faMnd. 

MHaniKcnwuii  CMit  t  psitieiiiMrKWi 
•TwiMfMft*  M«  ««NHInb«*  iMmmIi 
iftoMlliMuk,  Mii  toijppNnnc*  liA. 
It  producw  hem  iyci  awl  luft  herd* 
^^•tlde  M*fM  tipM  Hi  at«NUMon 
ll%Ak  atrflMt.'  0»tiMBiiMit«fth« 
ilMdiS.  of  HMipM  Pkkk,  it  a  l«v« 
bwnn  heath,  called  BniOiy  Plain  i  Itu 
xfV^JiMM*|i»witli  ftfttb«oaii>  Hitcftnuted 
^h  a  few  jpint  trecti  where  a  number 
^WilddeeivaadgroufthariKMir.  The 
hq^ft. river*  orftream  in  the  iAand  i« 
MuuNiok,  «i  inconfiderable  ftream.  It 
mna  E.  wad  emptiM  mto  a  large  bav, 
dial  ftparatea  southkold  from  South. 
•mpCon.  Tn  tbta-  Imv  are  Robbin'anrI 
Shelter  iflanda.  Rpckonkama  pond  lies 
abent  the  centre  of  the  iAandt  between 
SnHth.Town  and  Iflip,  and  it  about  a 
mile  ill  circumference,  and  hat  been 
fciind(4i]r  oblcrvation,  to  rife  gradually 
for  federal  yeari, '  bntil  it  had  arrived  to 
•  cerMin  might,  and  then  to  fall  more 
rnpidly  to  iti  loweft  bed;  and  thus  is 
continually  ebbing  and  ilowinet  The 
qrafe  hu  never  b^n  invrfligated.  Two 
miles  to  the  fouthward  of  the  pond,  is  a 
^rcam  called  ConneAicut  river,  which 
empties  into  the  bay.  The  produce  of 
ths  middle  and  weftem  parts  of  the 
yiand  it  carried  to  New. York.  The 
iflalld  eoMaiiied,  in  1790,41,711  ihha- 
bitant»»  of  whom  4,839  were  fla<«'es. 
<  LOMO^fsLAND  Sound  it  a  kind  of 
inbnd  Tea,  from  3I0  15  milet  broad, 
ami  about  140  milet  long,  extending 
the  whole  K«gth  of  the  iiland,  and  div^ 
4ling  it  from  Connecticut.  It  communi. 
catrt  with  tlie  ocean  at  both  eiidt  of 
LoiKg'Ifland;  am!  affords  a  vety  &fe 
and  Convenient  inlaitd  navigation.. 

LoNO.ISLAMD,  an  ifland  in  Sufque. 
banrnkh  river. 

LoiiG.laLAtt»,.  in  Holfton  river,  in 
the  State  of  Tennrfl<;e,  is  3  miles  long. 
Numbers  of  boats  are  built  here  every 
year,  and  loaded  with  the  produce  of 
the  Statv  (of  New- Orleans.  Long. 
Ifland  is  to  milea  W.  of  the  mouth  of 
\¥ataogo  river,  43  from  Abii^on,  100 
above  Knoxville,  183  from  NaAiville, 
and  1000  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ten- 
Acflee.  It  is  340  mUes  S.  W.  by  W. 
of  RiclmioRd,  in  Virginia,  and  to  which 
tkere  it  a  soed  waggon  roiid. 

Long  Iu.b,  or  IJIt  KH/rr  JneRtntfi 


L0« 

inlubiloiitia,  •rlWMM  ilMlk  ^Wk 
iww  tvciirly  till*  ilw  Hvtr  WAdk. 
Tha  miMth  of  WMMrftrtr  ii  M  N»  lat. 
)t.  s<*  W.  )m^  ••*  y. 

LoMo  L  Afti>  in  tfti  <kiic(Ae  duntiy 
in  New. York.    Set  JMlrnvMir  JUI#.- 

I,«NS>MftA»0Wi  atBWir  hi  Hamp. 
flitec  county,  MaflMn^tte*  fituaied  on 
thelB.  ^nk  of  CanneAicat  river,  about 
4  milet  S.  of  Springfield>  and  a3  H.  of 
Hartfeid.  It  vras  incorpoirMed  in  t7t) } 
contains  a  Coogregaticnial  chnreh,  and 
about  70  dwellingOioufei,  whicli  He  np. 
on  one  wide  ftreet,  rtmning  paralfet 
with  the  river.  The  townfllip  contslint 
744  inhabitants.  It  is  97  miles  8.  W^ 
by  W.  of  Bofton. 

Long  Point,  a  peniniVila  on  the  N. 
Hde  of  Lake  Eric,  and  towandt  theeaft. 
em  end  of  the  lake.  It  it  compoftd  of 
land,  and  it  veiy  convenient  to  haul 
boats  out  of  the  fiirf  upon,  when  the 
lake  is  too  rough  for  rowing  or  fiiiling. 
FermUan  Point ^  between  Puan  Bay  and 
Lake  Michigan,  it  alfo  called  Long 
Point  in  fome  maps. 

LoNc  PONR, in  thcDiftriftof Maine, 
lies  mt>(tiy  in  Bridgton,  and  it  10  milel 
long  fi  om  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  and  abmit  a 
mile  broad.  On  each  fide  of  thit  pond 
are  large  fweils  of  excellent  land,  with 
a  gradual  delcent  to  the  mar|;in  of  the 
pond,  and  fumifli  a  variety  of  rgmantlp 
profpcjls.     Sec  Bridgton  and  Sebt^o, 

LoNOViLLB,  or  as  the  Indians  call 
it,  Kenafaeomaqutt,  an  Indian  village 
on  the  N.  bank  of  Eel  river,  in  the  N. 
W.  Territory.  It  wa4  deftroyed  by 
Gen.  Scott  in  1791,  with  too  acres  of 
cum  in  its  neighbourhood. 

Lookout,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  N. 
Carolina,  is  the  fouthern  point  of  a  long 
infulated  and  nairow  flip  of  land*  eaft- 
ward  of  Core  Sound.  Its  N.  point  forms 
the  S.  fide  of  Ocrecock  inlet,  which  leads 
into  Pamlico  Sound.  It  lies  N.  £.  of 
Cape  Fear,  and  S.  of  Cape  Hatteras,  in 
about  latitude  34.  50.  It  had  an  ex- 
cellent  harbour,  which  has  betn  filled 
up  with'fand  fince  tVt  year  1777. 

Lookout,  Cape,  on  the  fouthem 
coaft  of  Hudibn^s  Bay,  in  New  Soiitl^ 
Wales,  E.  S.  E.of  the  mouth  of  Severn 
river.    N.  lat.  56.  W.  Ions.  84. 

LooSA  Chitto.   See  Lou/a  Chitto. 

LOREMBEc.  See  Lwijtourg,  It  it 
a  cape  neaithe  N.  fide  ofLouUboUrg 
harbour,  and  may  be  fceA  la  leagues  off 
at  Tea. 

Lorenzo, 


10  9 


t.  kt,  e.»o.  W.  Jong.  Id.  tt^ 

LVftiTTO^  a  iM&vtUaM«fClurir. 
tin'  laditMi  )  ktguu  N*  ».  of  Qjic- 
hatt  inCMMMl*.  It  bu  its  name  from 
•  clwpel  buik  Mcantiag  to  tin  model  ot 
^  ftanu  Cafii  at  Lontt**  in  Italy  { 
from  whmce  an  image  nF  the  Hoijr 
Viiyin  baa  been  fent  to  the  cenTcrtt 
iMre,  (eAmbling  that  in  the  foment 
Italian  faUAuaij.  Theft  coaventa  are 
^  the  Huron  tniie. 

LoatTTo,  £a^  0f,  a  plnce  in  the 
diftriA  of  St.  Dennia,  on  the  ifthmua  ot 
CalifiMrnia ;  the  Indians  call  it  Caneho. 
Here  ie  a  fmall  fort  ereQed  by  the  mif- 
fionirius,  confifting  ot  four  baftiont,  and 
iiu-roundied  by  a  detp  ditch. 

LoROMiB's  Stori,  in  the  territory 
.  K.  W.  of  the  Ohio,  a  place  wefterly 
from  Fort  Lawrence,  and  at  or  near  a 
fork  of  a  branch  of  the  Greet  Miami 
tiver  which  fall*  into  the  Ohio.  At 
thia  fpot,  bounded  W.  by  the  Indian 
Uncy  the  Indians  ceded  a  traA  tf  land 
to  the  United  States,  6  miles  iijuare,  by 
the  treaty  <^cd  Augiift  3,  1 79  5.  Here 
the  pwtagc  commences  between  the 
Miami  of  the  Ohio,  and  St.  Mary*s  ri- 
ver, which  runs  into  Lake~  Erie. 

Los  Reyes.    See  Lima, 

Lot  Reyes,  the  chief  town  of  the 
province  of  Vragua,  in  the  £.  divificn 
of  Paraguay,  inS.  America. 

Los  Charcos,  a  provinee  in  the 
fouthirA  divifioa  of  Peru,  whole  chief 
cities  are  Potofi  and  Poroo. 

Loudon,  Fortt  a  fort  erefted  in  the 
countnr  of  the  CtMsrokees.  See  TeUico 
Bhck.Houfe. 

LovDON,  a  courity  of  Virginia,  on 
the  river  Potowmac,  adjoining  Fairfax, 
Berkley,  and  Faquier  counties.  It  is 
about  50  miles  long,  and  xo  broad,  and 
fontains  18,961  inhabitants,  including 
^iO)o  flaves.    Chief  town,  Lecfturgh. 

LounoN,  a  townfliip  in  Roekingnann 
eounqp,  New-Hampfliire,  taken  from 
Cutejrbuiy  townfliip  ami  incorporated 
in  *773-  It  i<  fi'uated  on  the  £.  fide  of 
Merrimack  river,  40  miles  from  Portl- 
nouth,  and  contains  10X4  inhabitants. 

LOVDoN,  a  towiifltip  in  BerkOiire 
county,  MaiTachufttts,  ai  miles  S.  £. 
of  Lmox,  «4  W.  of  Springfield,  and 
ita4  W.  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpotat- 
<d  in  16731  and  cbntaina  344  inhabit- 


LOt7  i^ 

^^a,f4»aitpawiy.^         ^-w, 

Lovon^iK,  «r  lttkdm^>%flm^ 
MCwnasnt  in  Oaanta^  mi  a  jMMini  vjf 
Savannah  liwr,  aboM  lit  «Miiairi(i| 
with  tht  TWido,  the  ^^  mAfhnMJIt^ 

Lovilf  ni^t  a  fettMnank' wmcd  Iv 
the  French  near  th«  mMlll  of  tka  Mvir 
Coaa*  in  Florida,  about  a*  iMMWtll. 
E.  of  tbt  Mcareft  mouth  of  the  MlflBlp>> 
pi,  and  imttl  the  peaoa  of  t7^»  Wi% 
the  ^al  refidence  of  the  priac^Nil  g». 
vemor  of  Louifiana. 

Lovia^  St.  the  capital  town  of  Gun-  , 
daloupe,  Grand-Terrc.    It  haaafcrw 
trefs  3  leagues  to  the  S.  B.  oif  the  Salt 
river.     See  Ouadahuft.  > 

Louts  BE  Maranham,  St.ntewii 
On  the  northern  coaft  of  Bratil*  and  on 
the  Atlantic  ocean,.fituated  on  thit  call 
iide  of  Meiirim.  river  {  about  ImIF  wav 
betiween  point  Moeoripe,  and  the  momm 
of  the  river  Para. 

Lours,  St.  a  jurifdiaion  Imd  towH 
on  the  fouth  ftde«f  the  ifland  of  Sc'DHn. 
mingo.  The  juriidiftion  coMalflri  ) 
parishes.  Its  exports  dtipped  fitim  tho 
town  of  St.  Louis  from  Jan.  1,  1789 
to  Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  wcrt 
110,665  lb.  coffee;  19,153  lb.  cotton| 
5,751  lb.  iikiigo.  Total  value  dfdutica 
on  exportation,  904  dollars  13  cents. 
St.  Louis  is  rather  a  borough  than  a 
town.  It  is  fttuated  on  the  head  of  th<t 
bay  of  its  name^  oppofite  a  number  Of 
fmall  iiks  which  (Iielter  the  bay  on  tba 
fouth  towards  the  ocean,  and  on  theS. 
fide  of  the  ibuth  peninfula,  8  leaguea 
N.  £.  of  Lts  Cayes,  a  little  more  than 
3  S.  W.  of  Aquin,  and  §6  leagues  S. 
W.  by  W.  of  Port  an  Prince  t  from 
which  laft  are  two  roads  leading  to  it  j 
the  one  bv  Ja^mel,  the  other  by  Leo- 
gane,  and  of  much  the  fame  leiigtli  { 
both  join  at  Aquin.  N.  lat.  18.  18. 
W.  long,  from  Paris  75.  5a. 

Louis,  St.  a  I'tr-all,  compact,  beattti. 
ful  hay  in  W.  Florida,  having  about  7 
feet  water.  It'is  18  miles  from  the  Re- 
golets,  and  16  from  the  bay  of  Biknti. 
The  land  near  it  is  of  a  light  foil,  and 
gooti  for  pallure.  There  were  feverah 
fcttlers  formerly  on  it,  but  in  the  year 
1767,  the  Cha£law  Indians  killed  their 
cattle  and  obliged  them  to  remove.' 

Louis,  St.  a  Spanifh  village  on  the: 
W.  fide  of  the  river  Miffifippi,  about  i }. 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  tne  Miffirari. 
Its  fciie  is  on  a  high  piece  of  ground, 

the 


0H  LOU 

f^  WWitlnillhy  ud  ptMfiiraUe  of  njr 
iMfMi  ia  thi»  part  of  th*  eouatrv. 
"  *  'Mnifll  conimanduit  and  the 
indiaa  iraden  rtfidtf  who, 
MMcUialing  the  iffieaiMs  of  the  m- 

j«9»  hmre  dr««m  aU  the  Indian  trade 
drtkMM««ri|  put  of  that  of  the  Mif. 
lUnpi  (northwardi)  and  of  the  tribea  of 
lauMM  itfiding  near  the  QuUconfing, 
and  iHinoii  livcra,  to  this  village.  A> 
bout  to  yean  ago  there  were  here  ixo 
Ivm  and  commodioue  houlci»  moftly 
hmt  of  ftoiie,  and  too  tnh:ibitant», 
ahicfly  French*  Some  of  them  have 
kad  a  liheral  education,  and  were  polite 
mm!  bsiTptta.ble.  They  had  about  150 
Mgroei,  and  large  ftocke  of  cattle«  &c. 
It  la  4  or  5  mi!e«  N.  by  W.  of  Caho- 
ltia»  ofi  tlie  eaft  fide  of  the  Miflifippii 
aod  about  1 50  mile*  W.  by  S.  of  Poft 
St.  Vincent*t,  on  Wabalh  river.  N.  lat. 
S|.  a4.  W.  long.  9».  3». 

Louisa,  a  county  of  Virginia,  ad- 
Mmna  Orange,  Albemarle,  Fl'ivanna, 
^pottwlvania,  and  Goochland  counties. 
It  ia  aooot  35  miles  long*  and  ao  broad, 
ml  contains  t,467  inliabitants,  in- 
cluding 4»^7S  flaves.  Tiiere  are  here 
fone  BMOicinal  fpringa,  on  the  head 
waters  of  South  Anna,  a  branch  of 
Y«rk  river)  but  they  are  little  fre- 
quented. 

LoiiN A,  a  river  of  Virginia,  the  head 
ymmx  of  Cole  river,  a  S.  W.  branch  dt 
dK  Great  Kan|i«way. 

louaA  CHiTto,  or  Ltofa  ChitUt  a 
nvcr  which  riies  on  the  borders  of  S. 
Carolina*  snd  runs  a  S.  wcfterly  courle 
through  the  Georgia  weftem  lands,  and 
jmns  the  Miflifippi  juft  below  tlie  WaU 
not  Hilts,  and  10  miles  from  Stoney  ri- 
ver. It  is  30  yards  wide  at  its  mouth, 
but  afker  you  enter  it,  is  from  30  to  40 
yards,  and  is  (aid  to  he  navigable  for 
<anoea  30  or  40  leagues.  It  is  39J: 
miles  below  the  Yazoo  cliffs. 

Lovis,90VRO|  the  capiul  of  Sydney, 
or  Cape  Breton  ifland,  in  North- Ameri- 
ca. Its  harbour  is  one  of  the  fineft  in 
that  country,  being  almoft  4  leagues  in 
circuit,  and  6  or  7  fathoms  wat^r  in 
every  part  of  it.  The  anchorage  or 
mooring,  is  good,  and  (hips  may  run  a- 
groutid  without  any  danger.  Pls  en 
trance  isnot  above  sootoiliesin  breadth, 
formed  by  two  fmall  iflands,  and  is 
known  la  leagues  o(F  at  lea,  by  Cape 
Lorembec,  (itvated  near  the  N.  E.  (ido 
of  it.    Here  is  plenty  of  cod,  and  the 


toxy 

dOimr  HMiy  bo  oaWlmMd  ftmn  Apr!  t« 
the  doje  of  November.  The  barbodi 
i»  mora  than  half  a  mile  In  Hra|jdrh» 
from  N.  W.  to  S.  E.  in  the  narrowcft 
part  ii  and  6  miles  in  lnigth,from  M  j  E^ 
to  S.  W.  In  the  N.  E.  part^of  the  har: 
hour  is  a  fine  careening  wharf  to  heave 
down,  and  very  fecurc  from  all  wrinds  t 
On  the  oppofite  fide  are  the  filhing 
fta^cst  and  room  for  aeoo  boats  to  cure 
their  (Uli.  In  winter  the  harbour  is  en- 
tirely firoaen  up,  fo  as  to  be  walked  over, 
which  feafoB  begins  here  at  the  clofe  of 
November,  and  lafta  till  Mw  or  Junei 
Ibmetimes  the  frofts  fet  in  (eoner,  and 
are  more  intenie  )  as  particularly  in 
1745,  when  by  the  middle  of  0£lober  a 
great  part  of  the  harhouf  was  already 
troaen.  The  town  of  Loui(bourg  (lands 
on  a  point  of  land,  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of 
the  ifland )  its  itreeta  are  nirular  and 
broad,  confiftin^  for  the  moft  part  of 
ftone  houies,  with  a  large  parade  at  a  lit- 
tle dittancc  from  »he  citadel )  the  infide 
of  which  is  a  line  fquare,  near  soofeet\ 
every  way.  On  its  I T.  fide,  while  pof- 
fefled  by  the  French,  ft  jod  the  govemor'a 
houfeand  the  church ;  the  other  fidea 
were  taken  up  with  Inrracks,  bomb 
proof}  in  which  the  French  fecured 
their  women  and  children  during  the 
fiege.  The  town  is  near  half  a  mile  in 
length,  and  s  in  circuit.  The  principal 
trade  of  Loui(bourg  is  the  cod  fi(beiy, 
from  which  vaft  profits  accrue  to  the  in- 
habitants )  the  plenty  of  fi(h  being  re- 
.narkable,  and  at  the  fame  time  better 
than  any  about  Newfoundland.  See 
Breton  Cape,  N.  latitude  45.  54.  wc^ 
longitude  59.  55. 

LovisBVROH,  in  Pennfylvania.  See 
Harrijburg. 

LovisiADB,  I.4mdoft  difcovered  and 
named  by  Bougainville  in  1769,  is  pro- 
bably a  chain  of  iflands,  forming  a  Ibuth. 
eaftem  continuation  of  New-Guinea. 
The  coaft  feen  by  the  Dutch  Ceehumk 
Yacht  in  1705,  is  a  fmall  diftance  north 
of  Louifiade.  v 

Louisiana,  a  Spanilh  province  of 
North -America,  bounded  £.  by  the 
Mi(rifippi,  S.  by  the  gulpli  of  Mexico, 
W.  by  New-Mexico,  and  N.  by  unde- 
fined boundaries.  Both  fides  of  the  Mif- 
ilfipi  were  under  the  French  government 
till  the  peace  of  176a;  when  the  eaft. 
em  fide  was  cedfd  to  the  king  of  Great. 
Britain  \  and  the  day  before  the  preli. 
minarics  of  peace  were  figncd,  |iis  Chnf- 

tian 


ocur* 
isenw 
I  over, 
ofe  or 
June  I 
and 


See 


X6U 

48m|  M4^  cc<M  lb  Spain  ill  bit  iter' 
riMriet  to  the  twetwaMI  of  the  Miflillp- 
|4f  togctlkrwitli  tli«to«ni  of  NewOr- 
IMM )  wttli « (lipulation  that  the  French 
laws  and  ufuagrt  fliouid  not  be  altercfii 
thia  precantion,  howevtfi  prored  after- 
wnroa  of  no  avail. 

Louiiiana  i«  intericAed  bir  a  inim> 
ber  of  fine  riven,  among  which  are  St. 
Francia,  the  Natchitochea,  the  Adajret, 
or  Mexicano  river,  thcMilT  «uri,  Reu^e, 
Noir,  and  many  others  which  are  de- 
icribcd  imder  their  refpeAive  names. 
The  greater  part  of  the  white  inhabi- 
tants are  Roman  Catholics.  They  are 
governed  by  a  viceroy  from  Spain. 
The  nuniber  of  inhabitants  is  unknown. 
The  quantity  of  good  land  on  the  Mif- 
fifippi  and  its  branrhes»  from  the  bay  of 
Mexico  to  Ohio  river,  a  diftance  of 
nearly  looo  miles,  is  very  great}  but 
that  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Natch- 
ex,  and  of  the  river  Yazoo,  is  the  flower 
of  it  all.  There  have  been  fcmne  plan- 
tations of  fugar- canes }  but  it  is  not  a 
crop  to  be  depended  upon,  as  the  froft 
has  fometiraes  been  too  poweiful  for 
that  plant.  The  cliicf  articles  of  ex- 
portation are  indigo,  cotton,  rice,  beans, 
myrtle,  wax,  and  lumber. 

The  climate  is  faid  to  be  favourable 
for  health  and  to  the  culture  of  fruits  of 
various  khids,  and  particularly  for  gar- 
den vegetables.  Iron  and  lead  mines 
and  fait  fprings,  it  is  aflerted,  are  found 
in  fuch  plenty  as  to  afFoixi  an  abundant 
fupply  of  thefe  neceflary  articles.  The 
banks  of  the  Miflifippi,  for  many  leagues 
in  extent,  commencmg  about  »o  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  Ohio,  are  a  conti- 
nued chain  of  lime-ftone.  A  fine  traft 
of  high,  rich,  level  land,  S.W.  W.  and 
N.W.  of  New- My  rid,  about  zj  miles 
wide,  extends  quite  to  the  river  St. 
Francis. 

While  the  United  States  were  engag- 
ed in  the  revolution  war  againft  Eng- 
land, the  Spaniards  attacked  and  poflen- 
fd  themfelves  of  all  the  EngliAi  pofts 
and  fettlements  on  the  Miflinppi,  from 
the  Ibberville  up  to  the  Yazoo  river,  in- 
cluding the  Natchez  country;  and  by 
virtue  of  this  conaueft  have  iince  peo- 
pled 'and  governed  an  extent  three  He- 
frees  north  of  the  United  States'  Iboth 
oundary,  claiming  tkeexelufive  navi- 
Ktion  of  the  other.  This  bufinefs  has 
en  anucably  iettlfd  bv  the  treaty  of 


LOd  ill 

'  The  fXitififtir  «i  tiMeli  tit  iot 
^oairtry  of  Ldliffliht  ii  itoiic^  mm 
Mt  difcovMvd  by  FtrdilwM  da  SoiL 
iAi$4i.    Monfieurdtla8a»BwatHS 


Itrft  who  traverfci)  it*  He,,  in  tM  jmt 
i6ts,  having  pa/fed  doini  f  theanMli 
of  the  MiiRiippi,  and  funrtycd  tlie«iyik 
^cent  coantry,  Jttumel  to  GaaMai  httk 
whence  he  took  paflhge  to  FnnM^ 
From  the  iatteri%  accounts  wKkh  kt 
gave  of  the  country^  Mid  tlie  MUfi* 
ouent  advantages  that  would  accniefiiMi 
Irttling  a  colony  in  thoft  partSf  LoUa 
XIV.  was  induced  to  eftabliftaconipft. 
ny  for  the  parpofe.  '  AccoTiiingly,  i 

auadron  of  four  veflels,  amply  jn«^1« 
with  men  and  provifions,  under  tf 
command  of  Monnear  de  la  Salle,  cm* 
barked  with  an  intention  to  fettle  Mar 
the  mouth  of  the  Miflifippi.  But  he  «w» 
intentionally  failed  a  hundred  leagaes  a» 
the  wertwara  of  it,  where  he  atteawpled 
to  eftablifli  a  colony  j  but,  through  the 
unfavourablenefs  of  the  climate,  nioftof 
his  men  miferably  periflied,  and  he  MoK 
fclf  was  villainoufly  nmirdered,  not  km^ 
after,  by  two  of  his  own  men.  Moa« 
fieur  Ibberville  fucceeded  him  in  Ma 
laMdable  attempts.  He,  after  two  Cae» 
ccisful  voyages,  died  while  prepariai; 
for  a  third.  Crezat  fiiccceoed  hmi| 
and,  in  t7i«,  the  king  gave  him  Louifi- 
ana.  This  grant  contmucd  but  a  iiofC 
time  after  the  death  of  Louis  XIV*^  la 
1763,  Louiftana  was  ceded  to  the  king 
of  Spain,  to  whom  it  now  belongs. 

The  following  is  Melford*s  accoaai 
of  the  Spanifti  length  in  the  Fkjridas 
and  Louiiiana,  in  1790 1 

Provincial  levies  and  troops  at  St. 
AugulUne,  and  on  St.  John's  river,  400 

The  garrifon  at  St.  Mark*Sf  loa 

do.  at  Penfacola,  350 

do.  Mobile  and  Tombigbee,        159 
do.  at  the  Natchez,  aoo 

do.  Red  river,  W.  of  Miilifippif  100 
do.  in  the  Illinois  country,  300 

i«o^ 

men,  called  the  Orleans  or  Louifiaaa 
regiment.  The  number  of  Americaar 
families  that  have  been  Spanifii  fubjeAa 
flnce  1783,  amoimt  to  1710,  viz. 

At  Teolau,  near  Mobile  Bay,  ^ 

On  Tombigbee  river,  ijc^ 

At  the  Nauhec,  on  the  ^ISi^ppi,  1500 

•yae> 

All 


m  LOW 

^ikftMMi  bthi*  dttlrlAt  urm-  f 


LUC 


«f  !•  tht  vM^py  of  Mni^ 


•MMrtvlaf  CM  iofiiitAf  at  hMa^nft,  U 
ii  Iw  iMM^pii  bjr  the  ComnKwdam, 

MMWVto  «j.r<i'  wnt. 
L«i«i»T#t»ii»  fall  Talbot  countVrMa. 

rylMfl,  Mat  M  tha  waC  fide  of  Tucka> 

liaa  cwakt  about »  milaa  north  of  King'a 

To«m»  and  7  or  I  nortb-«aft  of  EsAon. 

I*OVM«IL&K.  a  port  of  cntnr,  and 

pot  tawm  dF  Kxntuckyf  and  chiaf  of 

MMan  oannty,  pltarantly  fituatad  on 
UitanA  fide  of  the  Ohio,  on  nn  elevated 
|lain»itttbeKa|Hda,  nearlv  oppofite  Port 
iKwnf*  It  oominaada  a  delight  Ail  pro. 
i|«Aof  the  river  aad  the  adjaeeae  cotin. 
a^  and  pramiAa  to  be  a  place  of  great 
trade}  but  ite  unhealthinela,  bwiog  to 
iagWBt'nl  outere  back  of  the  town*  hat 
oemderably  retankd  it#  growth.  It 
oenflfta  of  3  principal  ftreets,  and  con- 
tMna  al»ut  too  houfes,  a  court- heufe  and 
pol..  It  U  3f  naiUs  from  Bairdftown, 
S4  fiMmOanville,  and  40  W.  of  Frank- 
tet.  SiocMk. 

LouiavitLB,  (lie  prefenr  feat  of 
Mvemmcnt  of  Georgia,  fituated  in 
SnrlKioeMMy*  in  the  lower  dtftri^l  of 
ahoState^on  thcN.  £.  bank  of  the  Great 
Qgecebaerteer,  70  mike  from  ite  mouth. 
It  hna  been  lately  lakl  out,  and  contain* 
allat»'houie,  a  tobacco  warehoufe,  and 
about  30  dwelHng'houfta.  Large  quan- 
titieedt  tobacco  are  infpeftcd  here,  and 
boated  down  to  Savannah*  The  con- 
vention for  the  revifal  of  the  conftitution 
fat  inthia  town  in  May,  1795,  and  ap- 
pointed the  records  to  be  removed,  and 
^  legiflature  to  meet  here  in  future  t  a 
eoUege,' with  ample  and  liberal  endow. 
MBente,  ie  inMtuted  here.  It  is  51  miles 
9.  E.  of  Augufta,  and  100  N.  W.  of 
oatvannah* 

I.OVB-C0VE,  X  fine  opening  to  the 
evelNvard  of  Whale  Cove,  in  New  North 
Walee.  . 

homiiVa'Povv,  in  NewHampfliire, 
Kca  attbe  hrad  of  the  eaftehi  branch  of 
Mmon  FaK  river. 

LowexAllo way's Cr^rft,  atown- 
fltfp  in  Salem  county.  New- Jecfqr. 

XowER  DvBLiN,atown(hipinPhi- 
ludrlpbiii  eouaty,  Pennlylvaata. 

Lowtk  MiLPORD,  a  townihip  in 
Bwk*9  county,  Peqorylvania* 


Lowtft 

Maolla»i 

XoWfR 
oalcm  ceunM^  liiw«Jency» 


MuyMU  !•  MUM  Awn  An. 
aad  taftodiOalvart  Mvt.4kovA. 
It  Pmif a  Mki,  •  toariAtn  in 


tofwiAtpiii 

lowiji^  AV  jTovMiifai  the  ^iri. 
.01  tl 
ipparaaoai 


i.Ji 


toty  N.  W.  of  the  OhU»,  Ue  kbmllea  be- 
loivRipparaaoeenak,  atkaoMotli  in 
Wabal*  river. 

lowHtfcL,  a  lownMp  ioNwtluua». 
ton  cownty,  PennQrlvaain. 

LoxA,  a  town  of  (^ito  in  Pern,  at 

the  head  of  a  N.  W.  branchof  Amaaon 
river,  a  1 5  aiiilea  aoith-aaft  of  Paita,  and 
north-wefterly  of  Boija.  It  is  the  capi- 
ul  of  a  luriidiAion  of  the  fame  name, 
and  lies  in  tet.  5. 10.  8.  loi^.  77. 10. 
W.  Befidea  a  churches,  it  baa  leveral 
religious  foundations;  as.  a  college  in. 
llituted  by  the  Jefuitp,  an  hofpitalfwltb 
14  vilhwea  in  its  diftria. 

The  jurifiliftieo  of  the  fiune  name 
produces  the  famous  fpaeifie  ferintcr- 
miitent  fevers,  called  Caicafillade  Logo 
Qiiinquina,  or  Jefuit^a  bark.  Of  it  thcre^ 
at«  feveral  kinds,  but  one  more  eftea^ 
cious  than  the  others.  Here  alfi>  they 
are  employed  in  breeding  cocbineaf. 
The  inhabitants  of  Loja,  called  alio 
Lcjanus,  do  not  exceed  10,000  fouls, 
though  formerly  he  more  nnraereus. 
Large  droves  of  homed  cattle  and 
mules  are  bred  here.  Carpets  ai«  aKb 
manufaAured  here  of  mnaykabk  fine« 
neA. 

LoYAUOtK  Cfiti,  lit  Northunber. 
land  county,  Pennlylvania,  empties  in* 
to  the  W.  fide  of  the  branch  orSt^ue- 
bannah  river,  liom  the  north-eaft,  a  kw 
mikts  E.  of  Lycomlnip  Creek,  a6  from 
Sunbury,  meafuring  ui  a  ftraighk  line, 
and  about  170  from  PhifaNlelphia.  The 
lands  from  this  to  Sunbury  are  among 
the  highett  and  of  the  beft  quality,  and 
in  the  heaithieft  fituatibn  in  the  State. 
It  is  navigable  ao  or  30  miles  up  for 
batteaux  of  10  tons. 

Luc  AN  A  a.  a  jurifdiAion  in  the  di»- 
cefe  of  Guamann,  in  Peru.  I^  bwins 
about  *$  or  30  kigUM  S.  W.  of  Gua.« 
manga.  Ite  temperature  ia  cold  and 
moderate.  It  abounds  with  cattle,  grain 
and  fruit  {  and  has  alio  filver  nunes } 
and  is  the  centre  of  a  very  large  com* 
merce. 

LvcAR,  FttU,  St.  liea  on  the  norA- 
eaA  cooirof  Btxail;  about  half  inray  W* 
iweentbecity  of  ScMxand  Rio  Qnuide. 

LvcAX,  Caps  St,  or  Lufar.   Th« 

8*  £• 


tvcAYA»oMortbeB«hMM  VUMh 
tbout  70  Incua  taft  of  Uw  cetft  at 
floridkwylftfrQm  BaluuiMi  Iflc.  It 
U  )M>«ut  9  loguw  loQs  and  t  broad* 
tnd  gives  uune  to  tke  Wftolc  cangc.  N. 
bt.,  17.  a7>  W.  long.  ?>•  J> 

tuCAYONtq^fik  another  of  tht  Ba- 
hama ifl««a  which  Un  about  9  leagues 
further  eaft  than  the  Curmeri  wnoft 
length  it  »S  k^piee  and  breadth  3*  and 
Uea  north  and  fouth. 

Lueg4«  a  harbour  oo'the  north  iide 
oftheidandof  Jamaieai  (ituatcd  in  Ha- 
nover parifhi  between  Great  Cove  and 
MoAjutto  Cove.  It  >•  land  locked  and 
haa  excellent  anchorages  15  or  16  milca 
oorth-eaftward  of  l^cgril. 

LuciAi  St.  a  r^vcr  ot  Eaft-FIorida, 
rone  fouth-eafterly  along  the  eaft  fide 
of  the  ptniofula,^  and  communicatct 
inhwd  with  Indianrivcr.  It  has  6  feet 
water  as  far  aa  the  TortoUi,  where  are 
hilly  koowls.  ,A  bisncb  joint  it  from 
theibuth. 

LvciA,  St.  called  by  the  French* 
Sainte  Aloufie,  from  ka  having  been  dif- 
covered  on  St.  Lucia's  Day  j  one  of  the 
Caribbee  Iflandtt  S  leagues  Couth  of  Mar- 
tinico,  and  »i  N.  W.  of  B>arbadoes.  It 
is  ahout  s7  miles  long  from  north  to 
(btttht  and  is  broad.  Here  are  ftvcral 
hvUst  t  of  which  bcine  very  round  and 
fteep»aK  called  the  Pins*  heads  of  St. 
Lucy,  and  were  volcanoes.  At  the  foot 
of  them  are  fine  vallies>  having  a  good 
foil,  aud  well  watered .  In  thele  are  tall 
trees,  with  the  timber  of  wliich  the 
•lanters  of  Martinico  and  Baibadoes 
build  their  hoofta  and  wind-mills. 
Hereis  alia (denty  of  cocoa  and  fufttc. 
The  air  is  reckoned  healthy,  the  hills 
not  beiag  £0  high  as  to  intercept  the 
trade-winJs,  whtch  always  fan  it  from 
the  eaft,  by  which  means  the  ht-at  of  the 
climate  is  moderated  aud  rendecoi 
agi'eeable. 

In  St,  Lucia  are  leveral  commodious 
ba<ys  and  harbours  witii  good  anchor- 
age*  particularly  the  Little  Careena|re, 
one  of  the  principal  inducements  tor 
the  French  to  pcetei  it  10  the  other 
neutral  iflands.  This  port  haa  leveral 
noted  adv-antagv.^  i  there  is  eveiy  where 
deptli  enough,  and  the  quality  of  the 
bHltom  '^  aisriJaiU   filature  ba^  f«!na* 


cdtfMitihni  caramki  pltcMb  ipiUq^ 

d«  MC  wtttt  «  k^,  aAd^^tOmoplte 
but  teapAtni  la  turn  the  (ttd  thtm 
sramML  Thii!t|lkipfafttelii|fta^bM 
Rt  thcrt  Oidttreo  from  KonrktMaa  v^fa 
outihetroihlfqlhaiMinoand.  Hfii 
bcMta  of thacouBfja  wUeh  havt  )mm 
kept  a  Log  time  m  this  jiair|pir»  hpvf 
never  been  eaten  by  the  laaiifi^  h&mm 
ever,  thcv  do  not  expcft  that  iBf  pdv**^ 
tags  will  hift,  whattvcr  he  iiht  o^. 
For  the  other  harbaura»  tht  wi«da  •«• 
always  good  to  go  out  v^h«  and  th» 
largeft  fquadron  might  bt  in  tha  oflpg 
in  lefs  than  an  hour.  There  are  9  pv 
riftifa  in  the  iftaad,  S  to  th*  kiraai. 
and  only  one  to  the  windward.  Tha^ 
preference  given  to  one  pan  of  the  iflaad 
more  tha»aDother,does  not  preeeed  feom 
the  fuperiority  of  the  foil.  But  fircrn  H^ 
greater  or  led  coaTenieacyinftndiiwout 
or  receiving  ftiipa.  A  high  rMd  la- 
made  round  the  idand,  ai^  two-othcii 
which  crofa  it  from  eaft  to  weft,  aibrdii 
all  manner  of  ftcilities  to  carry  the  coa<-^ 
roodities  of  the  plantations  to  the  bar* 
cadcrea,  or  hmdmg  places. 

In  January  1769,  the  free  iahabitaata. 
of  the  tfland  amounted  to  &,5a^f  tho 
(laves  to  10*170.  It  hod  m  cattle  cog 
mules  and  hor&s*  1,8  la  home^  beafat 
ands,37S  flierp*  its  plantations  were 
i,279»6So  phuts  of  cocoa-— 2,46 3,tSgi 
of  coftee-~68x  fquares  of  cotton--am| 
SS4  of  fugar  canes }  there  were  16  fu» 
gar- works  going  on,  and  iS  nearly  com* 
pteted.  Its  proiduce  yielded  iis*oool. 
which  by  improvement  might  be  in- 
creafed  to  500,000.  The  Eiwlifli 
firft  fettled  in  this  iflandin  1617.  I^om 
this  time  they  met  with  various  misfor- 
tunes from  the  natives  and  French}  and 
at  length  it  was  agreed  on  between  tho 
tatter  aud  the  Engliih,  that  this  iflanda 
together  with  Dominica  and  St.  Vin- 
cent, Otould  remain  neutral.  But  the 
French,  before  the  war  of  1756  broke 
out,  began  to  fettk  thefe  Ulands,  which 
by  the  treaty  of  peace  were  yielded  up 
to  Great  Britain,  and  this  iflaifd  V> 
Prance.  The  Britifli  made  thenifelvea 
mafters  of  it  in  1758 ;  but  it  was  reftor- 
ed  again  to  the  French  in  X7&3 }  and  re- 
taken  by  the  Britifti.  in  1794.  St.  Lu- 
cia had  900  of  its  inhabitants  deftroye«i, 
by  an  earthquake,  O^,  i»,  4788.  It  ia, 
6  3  miles  N.  W.  of  Barbadoes.  N.  |a|^ ,. 
14.  W.  long.  ()i. 

LxjtOLOw*  a  towsflUp  in  Haay^Hrt 

county» 


^MMlnMittchafttis*  ANtUii>rdiiniMri 
w^  liuiH  aorthottlltrlv  of  nringlifld) 
n^  yb  wiflcfl^  of  Bofton.  It  wii  In- 
^ivporattd  In  17I4,  and  tontiina  ^60 
Mabitanu. 

Ivvtow,  i  io#iittri|l  on  Slack  Hvti^, 
Windfor  counrjr,  Vennont.  It  contaim 
170  inhabitant*^  and  U  about  «o  or  la 
milca  W.M  Wcithcrtfkia,  on  Connte. 
cieittrtvnr. 

LvB,  tr;  the  4ihlcf  towit  of  the  cap. 
tatnfhip  of  Petaguei,  in  the  northern  ai- 
vifion  of  BraiiL 

''IvKMt  St.  a  pariA  in  Beanfort  d!f> 
tMtfS.  Carolina. 

L0MBBRTOII,  a  poft-town  of  N.  Ca- 
Mrfhia*  and  capital  of  Robefon  county, 
itmtcd  on  Drowning  creek,  3  s  miles 
feoth  of  niyettevUle,  and  93  S.  by  W. 
dTKalcigh. 

I.VNINBVROH,  acountvof  Vir^nia^ 
ndfoining  Nottaway,  Brunlwick»Meck- 
lenburgn,  and  Charlotte  countiee.  It 
'  l»  about  30  milee  long,  and  10  broad, 
and  contains  1919  inhabitants,  indud* 
ing433s  ikves. 

luNSMBvao,  a  townfliip  in  Eflex 
County,  in  Vermont )  fituated  on  Con- 
■cAicut  rirer,  S.W.  of  Guildhall,  and 
N.E.  of  Concord.  The  river  takes  a 
S.B.  courfe  alone  thefe  towns,  fepara- 
ting  them  from  Lancafter,  Dalton,  and 
Littleton,  in  the  State  of  New.Hamp- 
Aire.  The  Upper  Bar  of  the  Fir 
ie«n  Mile  Falls  is  oppoHte  this  town. 
The  Cat  Bow,  >»  bend  of  the  ConneAi- 
cut,  is  near  the  middle  of  the  town. 
The  Upper  Bar  lies  in  lat.  44.  ai.  30. 
The  town  Aip  contains  1 19  inhabitants. 

Lunenburg,  a  townOiip  of  Wor> 
ceiler  county,  Maflachufetts,  on  an  ele- 
▼atcd  fitoatton,  *$  miles  from  the  Great 
Monadnock  mountain  in  New-Hamp- 
ftire,  IS  fr>  :^  Watchufett  mountain  in 
this  count;  and  45  miles  N.  W.  cf 
Bofton.  It  contains  14,000  ncre^  of 
land,  on  which  are  1 300  inhabitants ; 
and  is  much  niore  remarkable  for  the 
health  than  the  wealth  of  it*  pofleflbrs. 
The  people  have  little  'trade  or  inter, 
courfe  with  the  neighbouring  country, 
and  live  a  folitary  bnt  independent  life. 
The  nailtngbufineTs  is  carried  on  to  ad- 
vantage.  There  is  a  hill  in  the  middle 
of  the  townfliip,  called  Turkey  Hillt  on 
account  of  the  great  number  of  wild 
tnirkies  which  formerly  frequented  the 
place,  and  which  denominated  the  whole 


tiii  I  wheii  Ita  pwftm  MMMfnia  gin^ 
to  it,  iaeoapplimtiistaKinf  Ooanall; 
whb  aras  Ityicd  Onkt  H  Loacmwg» 
froM  a  town  in  his  German  doiainieas; 

LmiiNftufto,  A  tovMiAIn  of  New. 
York,  fituatsd  in  Albany  ^mtV,  te  the 
W.  flde  Of  HiNlfeh*i  Kvat*,  S^pftofitt  to 
the  city  of  Hddlbn,  anil  jo  niiks  feathof 
Albany;  It  is  a  thriving  vlUagcdf  about 
aoor  to  hoUlcSit  chiefly ncWn  «Hth  a  near 
Dutch  church,  Ibnduig  on  the  bank  of 
the  river.  A  nevft  road  is  ctltthi|r  froni 
this  villa^  into  the  ftttlemcnti  on  uit  up- 
per  branchci  of  the  Dtla4ate  and  8u(l 
quchannah  rivers,  which  will  prabablr 
prove  highly  bencficbil  to  the  tbwn;  A 
number  of  the  MeiTrs;  Livingftons  have 
pitrchaled  land  in  and  about  thil  village; 
to  the  amount  of  io,6ool.  and  have  laid 
out  a  regular  town,  which  will  be  a  rival 
to  Kaats*  Kill»  S  ^>lc*  below.  The 
fcite  of  the  town  is  (ukven,  and  not  of  a 
verv  good  foil. 

luRiNBUliOi  acoutrty  of  Nova-Sco- 
tia, on  Mahone  Bay,  on  the  foutheni 
coaft  of  the  province,  fating  the  Atlan^ 
tic  Ocean.  Its  chief  towns  are  New- 
Dublin,  Lunenburg,  Chefter,  and  Bland' 
ford.  In  MahoneBay,  La  Have,  and 
Liverpool,  feveral  Alps  trade  to  Enfflaml 
with  timber  and  boards.  CheiUr  is 
fettled  by  a  few  New-England  fiunilies 
and  others  t  from  hence  to  Wfaidfor  is 
a  road  thediftance  of  15  miles* 

LuNBNBURG,  a  townAip  in  the 
above  county,  fituated  on  Merliqueth,  or 
MerlinsuaA  Bay,  well  fettled  by  a  num- 
ber of  induftrious  Germans.  The  lands 
are  good,  and  generally  well  cultivateiU 
It  is  35  miles  S.W.  by  S.  of  Halifax* 
and  s7  N.  by  £.  of  Liverpool. 

LuROAN,  a  townAip  in  Franklin 
county,  Fennfylvania. 

LuTTBRELLE,  an  iflsAd  in  Machiai 
Bay,  in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine. 

LuTTERLOCK,atownAip  in  Orleani 
county,  in  Vermont,  north  of  CraftC^ 
borough,  IraAurgh,  Coventry,  and  Sa- 
lem, which  lie  in  a  N.  N^  E.  direftion^ 
from  this  town.  Hazen's  Road,  which 
extends  S.S.E.  to  the  Oxbow  on  Con- 
neflicut  river,  pafles  through  Lutterlock  * 

Luzerne,  a  large  county  of  Penn-f 
fylvania,  bounded  north  by  Tioga  coun- 
Mr,  in  the  State  of  New-York,  eaft  and 
loutk-eaft  by  Northampton,  ryeft  by 
Lycoming  and  Northumberland  coun- 

^ ties.  It  is  about  79  mile*  in  length  from 

tnA  prevMus  tv  its  incorporation  in  ]  north  to  fouth,  and  75  in  breadth  fiom- 

eaft 


trie 

tdk  M  «Mi.  Mid  k  divided  hrto^tt 
lownfliipi.  InthitcaiNNyunttcbarclMt, 
If  faw  mttti,  14  fcrii  milUf  t  lulling 
milfif  md  I  oil  mill.  <Tht  iramtKr  ot 
inhablmntt  !•  4904,  incliuling  1 1  ilavct. 
A  grot  part  of  the  countjr  U  barrvn 
when  rvMotfl  from  rifcn.  It  it  well 
witcrad  by  the  caft  bnuicb  of  Siifque 
harniah  rivar  and  iti  tributirict*  wnich 
Airnifli  Bunwroui  ind  excellent  mill 
iette.  The  foil  n«ar  the  river  ia  re> 
iiMrktbly  fertile*  producing  food  cropa 
of  wheat,  ilaji,  and  hemp.  The  iMrtn* 
cm  parte  abound  with  pine  timber  and 
fugar.maple.  Inthetownlhipaof  Wilkf- 
bairei  Kingfton,  Exeter,  and  Plymouth 
are  largebraa  of  ctel.  Bog  iron  ia  found 
in  ieveral  placea,  and  two  forgca  have 
been  ercAed.  In  Ihia  county  are  many 
remaina  of  ancient  fortificationa.  They 
are  of  an  elliptical  form,  and  overgrown 
with  large  white*oak  trcca.  Chiel  town, 
Wilkibarre. 

Lycoming,  a  new  county  in  the 
porth-wcttem  part  of  Pcnnlylvania, 
bounded  north  by  the  State  of  New- 
York,  and  weft  by  Alleghany  coun> 
ty. 

L  YCO  MiNO,  a  Anall  creek  which  rune 
fouth,  and  emptiea  into  the  weft  branch 
of  Sufquehannahi  a  fcw  milra  weft  of 
^yali(>ck  Creek.    See  InMck. 

Lycoming,  a  village  in  Pennfylvania, 
40  milea  from  Northumberland,  and  66 
bom  the  Painted  Poft  in  thr.  State  of 
New.York. 

LYMA|fy  a  townfliip  in  Orafton  ooim- 
ty,  New.Hamplhire,  fituated  at  the  fout 
of  a  mountain  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Con- 
neAicut  river,  between  Littleton  and 
Bath,  and  7  milea  W.  by  N.  of  New- 
C>  ncord.  It  waa  incorporated  in  1761, 
and  contaiiia  &o»  inhabitanta. 

Lymb.  or  Limtt  a  townihip  in  Graf, 
ton  county,  New-Hamplhire,  htuated  en 
the  eaft  ude  of  ConneAicut  river,  11 
niilea  above  Dartmouth  College.  It  wait 
incorporated  in  1761,  and  containa  816 
inhabitanta. 

Lymb,  a  townihip  in  New.London 
county,  Connefticut,  the  Nebantick  of 
the  Indiai\^,  ia  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  Connefticut  river,  at  ita  mouth  i 
bounded  fouth  by  Long-Ifland  Sound, 
north  by  Haddam  and  Colchefter,  and 
eaft  by  New.London.  It  waa  fettled 
about  the  year  1664,  and  was  incorpo- 
rated in  May,  1667.  It  containa  three 
Itanfliea,  beiidea  a  congregation  of  Se^* 


1  Y  N  tlfi 

VnxHb>  md  mmUwt  of  BnpiMi.    I« 
i7«e  it  coMnined  ftjf  hdMbiitMt*. 

Lynchivio,  iDoiUtownof  Vind* 
nia,  fituated  In  BedfM  coiiiily,  mi  tht 
fouth  fide  of  Jamea  river,  nearly  omo< 
fite  to  Middiibn,  and  one  mile  difaat* 
Here  arc  about  too  hoafea,  and  •  larg* 
wanrhoufc  for  the  inftieAitin  of  tobacco* 
Thera  ia  alfo  a  printin|-oAcc  which 
ifl^iiea  a  weekly  gatettc.  In  the  vicHHty 
of  the  town  are  feteral  valuable  mu» 
chant  milla.  It  ia  la  mil  a  from  New. 
London,  •)  from  Cabellfi>urg,  50  from 
Prince  Edward'a  court- h»ufe,  1 50  W* 
.by  N  of  Richm-^nd,  and  40!  8.  W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

LYND£ioiiovQH,atownaiipinHilir* 
borough  county,  New.Hampfliirc,  about 
69  milea  from  Port  IhKMith.  It  waa  in> 
corporated  in  the  year  1764.  In  177} 
it  cooraincd  713 )  and  in  i790>  itt^' 
inhabitanta,  who  are  chieily  farmera. 

Lyndon,  a  townihip  in  Caledonin 
cunntv,  ill  Vermont,  liea  north  of  8t» 
JohnAury,  and  fouthward  of  BiUymei4^ 
and  Burke.  It  containa  jp  inhabitanta. 

Lynn,  a  noaritime  town  in  Efo 
county,  MaAchufirtta,  fituated  on*  bny 
which  te  a  up  from  that  of  Maflacbv* 
fctra,  nonh  eaft  of  Bofton  Bay,  and 
about  o  milea  north  by  caft  of  the  tovm 
of  Bofton.  The  compaft  part  of  the 
town  forma  a  very  long  ftrect.  Tht 
townihip,  named  Saugaut  by  the  In« 
diana,  waa  incorporated  in  1637,  and 
containa  as9i  inhabitanta.  Here  are 
two  pariOiei,  befidet  a  fociety  of  Meth- 
odifta,  and  a  large  number  of  Frienda. 
The  bufinefa  which  makea  the  greateft 
figure,  and  for  which  the  town  M  Lynn 
ia  celebrated,  ia  the  inanufaAurc  of  wo. 
mena'  filk  and  c)oth  Ihoea.  Thcie  are 
dii'pofed  of  at  Bofton,  Salem,  and'wiher 
commercial  towna,  and  fold  for  hcnne 
ufe,  or  (hipped  to  the  fouthein  Statea, 
and  to  the  weftlndiea.  By  a  calcula« 
tion  made  in  1 795,  it  appeared  that  there 
were  »oo  mafter  workmen  and  600  ap> 

Erenticea  conttantly  employed  in  thia 
ufinefa,  who  make  annually  300,000 
pair  of  flioea.  Lyi^  Beacb  may  be  reck, 
oned  a  curiofity^  It  ia  a  mile  in  lengthi 
and  conne£l«  the  peninl'ula  called  nm- 
bant  with  the  main  land.  Thia  ia  «• 
place  of  much  refort  for  paitiea  of  plea- 
lure  from  Bofton,  Charleftown,  Salema 
Marblehead,  &c.  in  the  fummer  lealim. 
The  beach  ia  ufed  aa  a  race  Ei-ound,  fmr 
which  it  it  well  calculatedi  being  levdt 
T    ,  lotootb*^ 


n 


t90  MAC 

Woth,  and  hud.    A  mineral  fnrlng^ 
hat  been  difcovered  within  the  limits  of 
the  ttraniihip*  bat  is  not  of  much  note. 

Lynn  FIELD,  a  townfliip  in  ElTex 
county)  Maflkchufetti,  N.  E.  of  Salen<, 
and  1 5  milei  N.  by  E.  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  i78t>  and  contains 
491  inhabitants. 

Lynnhaven  Bayt  at  tl^e  fouth  end 
of 'Chei'apealc  Bay,  and  into  which 
Lynnhaven  river  en^pties  its  waters,  lies 
between  the  mouth  of  James's  riyer  and 
Cape  Henry.  The  mouth  of  the  river 
is  7  miles  weft  of  Cape  He*  >y»  Here 
'ompte  de  Grade  moored  the  principal 
part  of  the  French  fleet,  at  the  blockade 
of  York  town  in  1781. 

Lyons,  a  town  latelv  laid  out  in  On- 
ti^rio  county^  New- York, about  i smiles 
N.W.  of  Gtneva',  at  the  junftion  of 
Mud  Creek  and  Canandaque  Outlet. 

Lysander,  a  ownfliip  in  Onondago 
^unty,  N.  York,  incorporated  in  1794, 
and  conprehends  the  military  towns  of 
« Hannibal  and  Okero.  The  town  meet, 
ingsare  held  at  the  Three  Rivers  in  this 
l^own.  It  is  16  miles  S.E.  of  Lake  On- 
%ario»  In  1796  there  were  10  of  its  in- 
habitants entitled  to  be  eleflori. 

Lystra,  a  fmall  town  in  Nelfon 
county,  Kentucky,  fituated  on  a  welt 
water  of  Rolling  Fork,  a  fouth  branch 
pf  Salt  river,    N.  lat.  37., 25.  • 


M 


MAATEA,   one  of  the   Society 
Illands,  in  the  S.  Sea,  kt.  17. 
5»^W.  long.  148.  I. 

^SikcAPA,  a  town  fituated  on  the 
north-weft  bank  of  A»nazon  river,  W. 
of  Caviana  ifland,  at  the  niouth  of  the 
river,  and  a  few  minutes  north  of  the 
equinoAial  line. 

Macas,  the  fouthern  diftii£l  of 
Quixos,  a  government  in  Peru,  in  S. 
America,  boimded  B.  by  the  govern 
menf  of  Maynas  {  S;  by  that  of  Braca- 
moros  and  Yaguarfongo ;  and  on  the  W. 
the  E.  Cordillera  of  the  Andes  (eparates 
it  from  the  jurifdiflions  of  -Riobamba 
and  Cuenca.  Its  capita!  id  the  city  of 
Macas,  the  name  commonly  g><'en'  to  the 
whole  country.  It  produces  in  great 
jjlenty,  grains  and  fruits,  copal,  and 
wild  wax)  but  tlie  chief  occupation  of 


MAG 

th)^tountry  people  is  the  cultivation  of 
tobacco.  Sugar»canes  thrive  alfo  bere^ 
as  alfo  cotton}  but  the  driad  of  the 
wild  Indians  prevents  ^he  inhabitanta 
from  planting  more  than    fenres  for 

!»refent  iife.  Ilere  are  cinnamon  ^ees, 
aid  to  be  of  fupci'ior  quality  to  thofe  of 
Ceylon.  There  are  alfo  mines  of  ultra 
marine,  from  which  very  little  is  extra6lJ 
ed,  but  a  finer  colour  cannot  be  imagin- 
ed. Among  the  vaft  variety  of  treeti 
which  crovird  the  woods,  is  the  ftorax, 
whofe  gum  is  exquifitely  fragrant,  but 
fcarce. 

Mac  GiLLiVRAY's  Phatatitn,  ot\ 
Coofa  river,  is  a  little  above  the  Old 
French  fort  Alabamous. 

Machala,  a  town  of  Guayaquil, oif 
the  coaft  of  Tumbca^  in  Peru,  in  a  de- 
clining ftate.  The  jurifdi6licn  of  the 
fame  name  produces  great  quantities  of 
cojoa,  reckoned  the  neft  in  all  Guaya- 
quil. In  its  neighbourhood  are  great 
numbers  of  mangles,  or  mangrove  trees, 
whofe  ipreading  branches  and  thick 
trunks  cover  all  the  plains ;  which  lying 
low  are  frequently  overflown.  Thil 
tree  divides  itfelf  mto  very  knctty  and 
diftorted  branches,  and  from  each  knot 
a  multitude  of  others  germinate,  tbrm- 
ing  an  impenetrable:  thicket.'  The 
wood  of  the  mangrove  tree  is  fo  heavy; 
as  to  fink  in  water,  and  when  dfed  in 
(hips,  &c.  is  found  very  durable,  be- 
ing fubjeft  neither  to  Iplit  or  rot.  The 
Indians  of  this  jurifdiaion  pay  their  an- 
nual tribute  in  the  wood  ot  the  man- 
grove tree; 

Machangara,  a  river  formed  by 
tlje  jxinition  of  feveral  Iheams  ifluing 
from  the  Ibuth  and  weft  fides  of  the 
Panecillo  o\  Sugar  Loaf  mountain,  on 
the  fouth-wcft  fide  of  Qii^ito,  in  Peru.' 
It  wailies  the  foUth  pai'ts  of  the  city, 
?,nA  has  a  ftone  bridge  ovrr  it. 

MaChias,  a  port  of  entry,  poft- 
town  and  feat  of  jurtice,  in  Wafhington 
county,  Diftri£l  of  Maine,  fituated  on  a 
hay  of  its  own  name,  za  miles  S.W.of 
PafTamaquoddy,  ys  E.  by  K.  of  Pt-nob- 
fcot,  and  236  north-eaft  of  Portland,  in 
4.7.  37.  N.  lat.  It  is  a  thriving  place, 
and  cairies  on  a  confiderable  trade  to 
Bofton  and  the  Weft-Indies  in  fi(h,  lum- 
ber, &c.  It  is  contemplated  to  cftabliiji 
a  regular  poft  between  this  town  ai;d 
Halifax,  in  Nova  Scoti**.  The  name  of 
the  lQwh  is  altered  '  «m  the.' Indi.^n 
name  Mechifl'es,  given  tQ-(h<{  river  r^n 
'  ...  the 


MAC 

tlK!  oldcft  maps.  It  is  400  milet  north- 
eaii  1^  BoftoQy  imd  about  300  by  water. 
£ariy  attempts  were  made  to  fettle  here» 
but  the  firft  permanent  fettlement  was 
made  ia  1763*  by  15  perfonsof  both 
fexes  from  Scai-borough»  in  Cumberjand 
countyi  and  in  1784  the  town  was  in* 
corporated.  The  chief  fettlements  are 
at  the  eaft  and  weft  FaUs^  and  at  Mid- 
dle nvw,  Macbitis  rivfr,  after  running 
a  north  courfe,  6  miies  diftance  from 
Crofs  ifland^  (which  forms  its  entrance) 
feparates  at  a  place  called  tbe  Rim }  one 
branch  talcing  a  north  eaft  dire^ion, 
runs  «i  miies,  with  a  width  of  30  rods 
to  the  head  of  the  tide,  where  are  two 
liouble  iaw-mills,  and  one.  grlYt.  mil]. 
The  main  branch  runs  a  north-weft 
courfe^  nearly  3  miles,  and  is  70  roils  > 
wide*  to  the  iiead  of  the  tide,  where  are 
.  two  doyble  and  lingle  faw-mills,  and 
two  grift-mills.  The  chief  fettlement 
is  at  Weft  Falls,  the  county  coiwts  be- 
ing held  and  the'  gaol  erraicd  there. 
The  main  channel  of  the  river  takes  its 
courfe  to  theft  fallsy  which,  though 
crooked  and  narrow,  admits  veftels  of 
burden  to  load  at  the  wharvte  within 
50  rods  of  the  mills.  This  advantage 
po  otlner  pai't  of  the  town  can  enjoy. 
The  entrance  of  Machias  river  is  in 
^J.  lat.  ^4.  35.  "W.  lojr.g.  66.  56.  Tlie 
town  is  divided  into  4  diftri^s  for  the 
fupport  ,of  icboois  i  and  into  %  fo^*  the 
convenleoce  of  public  worfliip.  It)  1792 
Walhington  a,cad,emy  was  eftabliftied 
here.  The  general  court  incorporated 
a  number  of  gentlemen  as  tn^ftees,  and 
gave  for  its  Aipport  a  township  of  land. 
In  1790  the  town  (Contained  818  inhabi- 
tants. Since  th»t  time  its  population 
has  rapidly  increafed.  The  exports  of 
^achias  confift  principally  of  lumber, 
viz.  boards,  fliingles,  clapboards,  laths, 
-and  various  kinds  of  hewed  timber. 
The  cod-fifliery  might  be  carried  on  to 
advantage  though  it  has  been  greatly 
iKglefled.  In  1793,  between  70  and 
to  tons  were  employed  in  the  fidiery  ; 
and  not  above  500  quintals  were  export- 
ed. The  niill-faws,  of  which  there  are 
17,  cut  on  an  average  three  ipiUion  fe(;t 
of  boards  annually.  A  gr^at  proportion 
of  timber  is  ufiially  thipped  in  Britifli 
yeflels.  The  total  amount  oJF  exports 
annuallyexcejds  ^  5,000 dollars.  From 
Machias  Bay  to  the  mouth  of  St.  Croix, 
*here  are  a  great  many  fine  iflands  j  but 
ii>s  navigatioa  is  geneially  withput  tlKfe 


MAC  291 

In  the  open  fea.  In  the  year  1704,  when 
Colonel  Church  made  an  attack  on  the 
French  plaittation  on  the  riycrSehoodic|k| 
he  found  one  LuttereUe»  a  French  noUie«  < 
man,  on  one  of  thefe  ifl^s,  and  rentov-  . 
ed  him.  The  iflai^  ftill  retains  his  name. 

Mac-Cowan's  Ford,  on  Catabaw  i 
river,  is  upwards  of  500  feet  wide,  and 
about  three  feet  deep.  Lord  ComwaUii 
crofted  here  in  purfuitof  the  Americus 
in  1 78 1,  in  his  way  to  HillftMronghw 

Mac-Intosh,  a  new  county  in  the' 
Lower  diftri6l  of  Georgia,  between  Li'* 
bcrty  and  Glynn  counties,  on  the  A|ata> 
maha  river. 

MIac-ICenzie's  RivtP,  intheN.W, 
part  of  N,  America,  rilies  in  Slave  Lake, 
runs  a  N.N.W.  courfe,  and  receives  a 
numher  of  large  rivers,  many  of  which 
are  150  yards  wiile,  and  fome  are  i%^ 
fathcTis  deep  at  the  influx.    It  empties' 
into  the  North  Sea,  at  Whale  Ifland  in 
l^t.  69,  14,   between  i}0«  and  135. 
W.  long,  after  a  courfe  of  780  miles 
from  Slave  Lake.   It  has  its  name  from 
Mr.  M'Kenzie,  who  afcended  this  river, 
in  the  fummer  of  1789.    He  ereAed  a 
poft  with  hijT  name  engraven  on  it,  on 
Whale  Iftand ,  at  the  mouth  of  this  river, . 
He  faw  theie  a  number  of  men  and 
canoes «  alio  a  number  of  animals  jrefem* 
bling  pisces  of  ice,  fuppofed  by  ^m  to 
b^  whales ;  probably  fea-horfes,  defcrio- 
ed  by  Captain  Cook.     The  tide  waf 
obfcrved  to  rife  16  or  x8  inches.    In 
fome   places   the  current  of  the  river 
makes  a  hifling  noife  like  a  boiling  pot.- 
It  pafl'es  through  the  Stoney  Mountains, 
and  has  grea^  part  of  that  r^nge  on  tl^' 
W.  fide.    The  Indian  nations,  inhabit, 
ing  the  W.  ilde  from  the  Slave  Lake, 
are  the  Stropgbow  Mountain  and  Hare 
Indians;  thofeon  the  £.  fide,  tJML Bea » 
ver.  Inland,  Nathana,  and  Q^airo^rs, 
Indiai^s,    No  difcoveries  weft  of  this 
riyer  have  been  made  by  land. 

Macoketh,  at  Macokeuh,  River , 
GrefiU  enipties  i:  .j  the  Miftifippi  frc  ;. 
the  N.W,  in  N.  lat.  41.  23."  LitiL' 
Macoketh  falls  tlirough  the  £.  bank  of 
the  MifTifippi,  about  45  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  Great  Macoketh,  andoppoiite 
to  the  Qld  Lead  Mine. 

Macopin,  a  fmall  river  which  emp- 
ties into  the  Illinois,  from  tlje  S.E.  18 
miles  from  thp  Mifnfippi ;  is  to  yards 
wide,  apd  navigable  9  miles  to  the  hills. 
The  fhore  is  low  on  both  fides,  clad 
with  paccai)|  m^ple,  aih,  button-wood. 


m: 


^9*  M  A  D,  - 

Ue,    Hm  Imd  abounds  with  timber, 
it/ad  it  covand  with  high  weeda. 

MaCORIS,  a  rmall  river  oft  the  S.  fide 
of  tht  iflondof  St.  Domingoj  i61eague8 
E.  of  the  city  of  Domingo. 

Macvngy,  a  townftiu  in  North- 
ampton county,  Pa^tfvlvania. 

MaDj  a  riyer^  called  alfo  Piekmva 
ftrkt  a  raud  Inranch  of  thepreat  Miami, 
having  a  o.W.  courfe.  It  is  a  beatitifiil 
ftream,  pafltng  tlirough  a  pleafant  level 
^tintiy  of  the  greateft  fertility. 

Maqamb  ^  fiormt  the  N.  E»  fide 
of  the  6ut  of  Canfi»,  at  yoM  enter  from 
the  S.  E.  and  it  oppofite  to  the  eaftem 
extremity  of  Nova -Scotia.  The  north 
point  of  the  ifland  lies  14  miles  foiitherly 
df  St.  Peter's  harboyr,  in  Cape  Breton 
ifland.  The  iiQlict  de  Madame  are  de- 
perdent  on  Cape  Bjreton  ifland. 
-  Madbvry,  a  townfliip  in  StralFord 
county,  New-Hampflitre,  fituated  be- 
tween Dover  and  Durham,  about  10 
miles  N.  W.  of  Portfmoitth.  It  was 
Incorporated  in  1^755,  and  has  j9£  in- 
habitants. 

M ADDISON,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
adjoining  Fayette,  Clarke.  Lincoln,  and 
Mercer's  counties.  Chief  town,  Milford. 
Maddison,  a  fmall  town  of  Amherft 
county,  Virginia}  fituated  on  the  N. 
fide  e{  James's  river,  oppofite  Lynch- 
bureh.  It  lies  150  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Richmond. 

Maddison'3  Cave,  the  largeft  and 
rooft  celebrated  cave  in  Virginia,  fituat- 
ed on  the  N.  fide  of  the  Blue  Ridge. 
It  is  in  a  hill  of  about  zoo  feet  perpen- 
dicular height,  the  afcent  of  which,  on 
one  fide  is  fo  fteep,  that  you  m-iy  pitch 
a  bifcuit  from  its  fummit  into  the  river 
which  waflies  its  bafe.     The  entrance 
of  tW  cave  is  in  this  fide,  about  two- 
thirdrof  the  way  up.     It  extends  into 
the  earth  about  300  feet,  branching  into 
fubordinate  caverns,  fonietimes  amend- 
ing a  little,  but  more  generally  defccnd- 
ing,  arid  at   length   terminates  in  two 
different  places,  at  bafons  of  water  of 
unknown  extent,  and  which  appear  to 
be  nea>ly  on  a  Jevel  with  the  water  uf 
the  river.     The  vault  of  this  cave  is  of 
folid  lims-ftone,  from  lo  to  40  or   50 
feet  high,  thro'  which  water  is  continu- 
ally exudating.     This  trickling  down 
the  (Ides  of  the  cave,  has  incrufieJ  them 
over  in  the  form  of  elegant  drapery  j  and 
dripping  from  t^  top  of  the  vault,  gene- 
i^atet  m  that^  and  on  the  bale  below,  fta- 


MAO 

laCkitet  of  a  conical  form,  fbmeofwy^K 
have  met  and  formed  la*  geVnaflyedinmii,.' 
Madera',  or  MtuSirat  one  of  th« 
largeft  branches  of  tUe  famous  Mai^non^ 
or  river  of  AmaioQS,  in  S.  America.  < Iij| 
1741,  the  Portuguefe  failed  up\  (hi^ 
ftream,  till  they  ^und  theiniftlvet  neai^ . 
Santa  Crvzde  la  Sien[a,  between  la;.  17. 
and  18,  S.  From  die  moutl^of  thia 
river  in  lat.  3.  ao.  S.  the  Maranon  it 
known  among  the  inhabitants  by  the 
name  of  the  river  of  Amazons }  and  up» 
wards  they  give  it  the  name  of  the  riv- 
er of  Solimoes.  At  Loretto,  the  Madera 
receives  two  branches  from  the  fbuth. 
From'  Loretto  to  Trinidad  ti\  lat.  15  S.^ 
its  courfe  is  N.  thence  to  its  mouth  its 
general  courfe  is  N.  B.  by  N.  and  N. 

Madrb  db  Dios,  Port,    See  Cbrifi' 
tUma,  SL    Alfo  RefpluHon  Say. 

MadrIe  de  Popa,  a  town  and  con- 
>Tent  of  Terra  Firmai  in  S.  America,  fi- 
tuated on  tlie  river  Grande,  or  Magda- 
lena.    The  pilgrims  in  S.  America  re- 
fpe£t  this  religious  foundation  with-zeal, 
and  refort  to  it  in  great  numbers  s  mant 
miracles  being  faid  to  have  been  wrought 
here  by  the  Holy  Virgin,  in  favour  of 
the  Spanlfh  fleets  arul  their  fs^ilors,  whc^ 
are  therefore  very  liberal  in  their  dona- 
tions at  her  flirine.     It  lies  54  miles  E. 
of  Carthagena.    N.  lat.  10.  51  >  W. 
long.  76.  15. 
Madrid.    See  New  Madrid* 
Madrigal,  atownof  Popayan,  in  S. 
America.  N-  lat.  o.  50.W.  long.  75.45« 
Magdalen  Mfi,  aclufterofiflesN.E. 
oftheifteofSt  John's,  and  N«W.  of  that 
of  Cape  Breton,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence; fituated  between  47.  13.  and  47. 
4z.  N.  lat.  and  in  61.  40.  W.  long. 
They  are  inhabited  by  a  few  fifliermen. 
Sea-cows  ufed  to  frequent  them;  but 
they  are  now  become  fcarce.  Thefe  ifles 
have  been  fatal  to  many  veffels.     The 
chief  of  them  are  the  Dead  Man,  Entry, 
and  Romea  iflands.    Seamen  wifh  to. 
make  them  in  fair  weather,  astheyferve 
them  to  take  a  uew  departure ;  but  in. 
foggy  weather  or  blowing  weather  they' 
as  liudioufly  avoid  them. 

Magdalena,  La,  one  of  the  Marque- 
fas'  Iflands  in  the  South  Sea  ;  about  6 
leagues  in  circuit,  and  has  a  harbour 
under  a  mountain  on  its  fouth  fide  near- 
ly in  hti  10.  xj.  S.  long.  138.  50.  W. 
Magdalena,  a  river  of  Louifiana, 
which  empties  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico^ 
W.  by  8*  of  Mexicano  river. 

Mag- 


IM 


MAO 

|/f  A^DAiiNA,  a  large  riVeri  die  two 
^mcipal  fourcu  of  which  are  at  no  great 
diftmce  Irom  tbe ,  city  of  fomjwa,  io 
Terra    Firma.     Belcazar,    by  going 

Sown  thi$  river,  fiMind  a  {nffiige  to  .the 
forth  Sea.  TIw.  river,  after  uniting 
its  waters  with  the  Cance*  takes  the 
name  of  Gi:andci,  and  falln  into  the 
Iffprth  Sea  below  the  town  of  Madre  de 
l*0M.  The  banks  of  this  great  riyer  are 
Well  inhabitedl,  and  it  has  a  coOrfe  of 
above  s6o  leagues.  Its  mouth  is  much 
frequented  by  fmugglers,  and  conveys 
^o  Carthagena  the  produftions  of  New 
Granada,  viz.  g<^d  and  grain'.  Among 
inany  other  confiderable  places  on  its 
banks  are  Malaniibito,  Teneriffe,  Talay- 
gua,  Monpox,  Tamalameque,  &c. 

Magdalene,  Ca*f  oft  a  promm- 
torv  in  the  centre  ot'  Canada,  where 
there  is  an  iron  mine',  which  promifes 
great  advantages,  both  with  regard  to 
the  goodneft  of  the  metal  and  the  plen- 
ty of  the  ore. 

Mageb's  Stutult  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.  America,  is  (ituated  in  Wafhing- 
ton*8  lOands,  or  what  the  Britiih  call 
JEdward^s,  pr  Charlotte's  Ifles,  fo  called 
by  two  different  captains  on  their  firft 
falling  in  with  them.  Lat.  $%.  4<S>  N. 
long.  1 3 1.46.  W.  This  found  is  divid- 
ed by  Dorr's  Idand,  into  two  parts,  lead- 
ing into  one.  Tiie  other  port  is  called 
Port  Perkins. 
Magegadavick,  or  Afo|;/ir«i^<i,or 
Eaflern  Rivera  fulls  into  the  bay  of  Paf- 
famaquoddy,  and  is  fuppoied  to  be  the 
true  St.  Croix,  which  forms  part  pf  the 
eaftern  bo'undaty  Tine,  between  the  Unit- 
ed  States  and  New-]Srunfwick.  This 
difputed  line  is  now  in  train  for  fettle- 
talent,  agreeable  to  the  treaty  of  i7'94> 
Magellan,  Strmts  oft  at  the  iouth 
extremity  of  S.  America,  lie  between 
^1.  and  54.  S.  lati  and  between  76.  and 
84.  W.  longitude.  Thefe  ftraits  have 
Patagonia  on  the  N.  and  the  iflands  of 
Terra  del  Fuego  on  the  S.  and  extend 
from  E.  to  W ;.  tio  leagues,  but  the 
breadth  in  fome  places  falls  (hort  of  one. 
They  were  firft  difcovered  by  Magel- 
lan, or  Magelhaens,  a  Portuguefe,  in  the 
fervice  of  Spain,  who,  in  i^io,  found 
out  thereby  a  paPage  from  tite  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific  or  Southern  ocean.  He 
Was  the  firft  navigator  who  failed  round 
the  ^orld. 

Mao  ellamia^  or  Ttrra  Magellamca, 
t  vj^  u-oA  of  laud)  extending  trom  tht 


^ 


M  A  H  S9) 

province  of  Rio  de  la  Plati,  qniteto  dw 
utffloft  verge  of  S.  Amcricat  via.  firom 
lat.  35.  to  54*  8>    The  Hver  Sinfondo 
divides  the  W.  part  from  ^heS.  of  Chili  t 
the  northern  part  «yf  it  alfo  boirdcrt  on 
Chili,  and  Cuyo  m  Clncuito  <m  the  W, 
The  South  Sea  bounds  it^  in  part,  on  the 
W. ,  The  N.  ocean  rthoMj  on  titf  E. 
and  ftraits  of  Magellan  on  tne  S.    Ma. 
gellan  himfelf  made  no  great  dilooveries 
in  ,tl^is  coiuiktiy,' except  the  two  capea 
of  Vh^ns  and  Defire.   .  The  tw6  prin- 
cipal naticms  difcovered  by  the  mimon- 
aries,  are,  the  Chunians  and  HuilUmki 
the  former  inhabit  the  continent,  and 
feveral  iflandr,  to  the  northward  of  the 
Kuillant,  who  inhabit  the  country  new 
Magellan  Straits'.   The  foil  is  generally 
barren,  hairdlv  bearing  ativ  grain*  ^  and 
the  ttees  exhibit  a  difmal  afpeft}   lb 
that  the  inhabitants  live  miferably  in  m 
cold,  inhofpitable  climate^    The  Hull- 
lans  are  not  numerous,   being  hunted 
like  wild  beafts,  by  the  Chuiiians,  who 
fell  them  for  flaves.    The  other  nattoiA 
are  riot  known,  mitch  lefs  their  geniua 
or  nianner  of  living.   The  t^'ftem  coafta 
of  Magellan  are  generally  low,  aB6und'<- 
ing  with  bogrs,  ani  have  feveral  iAanda 
near  the  Chore ;  the  moft  remarkable  of 
which  is  the  File  of  Penguins,  fo  called 
from  a  bird  of  that  name,  which  abouuda 
on  it.    The  iflands  S.  of  the  ftraits  are 
Teiradel  Fuego;  as  there  is  a  vofeano 
in  the  largeft  of  them,  emitting  fire  and 
fmoke,  and  appears  terrible  in  the  night. 
The   Spaniard's  ere£ted  a  fort  on  thia 
ftrait,  and  placed  a  garrifon  in  it ;  but 
the  men  were  all  Carved. 

MACtTARA,  St.  Jobn  oft  a  canton 
and  tof^n  on  the  S.  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  is  fituated  on  the  left  fide 
of  the  river  Neybe.  The  capital  of  the 
ancient  Indian  kingdom  pf  Masuana* 
ftood  where  the  town  St.  John  of  Ma- 
guana  is  fituated«  The  ancient  capital 
difappeared  with  the  unfortunate  prince 
Anacoana.  This  canton  was  pillaged  by 
the  Englifh privateers,  in  i $43.  in  k 764, 
the  diftri£t  of  the  new  parifh  contained 
3600  perfiHis,  of  whom  300  were  capa- 
ble of  bearing  ams'.  Its  population 
amoimts  now  to.  more  than  5000  fouls. 

MAkACKAMACK,  a  river  which  fall* 
into  the  Delaware  from  the  N.  E.  at 
the  N.  W.  c6rner  of  the  State  of  New- 
Jerfey.  * 

Mahonb  Bat,  on  the  coaft  of  Nova- 

Scotia^  is  feparatsd  freta  Margaret't  Bay 

T|  by 


■n. 


'4 


t94  MAI 

by  thepr«m«ntory  on  which  it  the  high 
lind  of  Affwtagocn. 

MAHONiHOi  «  townflitpoii  Surque- 
hannah  river,  in  Pennrylvtinii. 

Mahonoy,  a  townlhip  on  Sufque- 
hannah  river,  in  Pennfylvania.  See 
Northumberiand  county. 

Maidb  N  HEAD,  a  fmall  neat  village  in 
Hunterdon  county,  New- Jerfey,  having 
a  Preibyterian  church,  halfway  between 
Princeton  and  Trenton,  on  the  great 
poft-road  fiom  New- York  to  Philadel- 
phia ;  fix  miles  from  each.  The  town- 
lhip of  Maidenhead  contains  103a  in- 
habitants, including  160  flaves. 

Maidstone,  a  townfliip  in  Eflex 
■county,  in  Vermont,  on  Conne6licut 
livery  containing  1*5  inhabitants. 

MAINE)  District  of,  belonging 
v$  to  Maflkchnfetts,  is  lituated  between  lat. 
4.3.  and  4S.  15.  N.  and  between  long. 
64.  53.  and  jOt  39.  weft  J  hounded 
north  by  Lower  Canada,  eaft  by  the 
province  of  Newt  Brunfwick,  fouth  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  weft  by  New. 
•Hampfhire.  The  Diftrift  of  Maine  is 
in  length,  on  an  average,  200  miles,  and 
its  average  breadth  soo  miles ;  contain- 
ing 40,000  Iquare  miles,  or  45,600,000 
acres.  It  is  divided  into  five  counties, 
vis.  York,  Cumberland,  Lincoln,  Han- 
cock, and  Walhington :  thefe  are  fub- 
dividcd  into  near  sooincorporated  town- 
fliips  and  plantations }  mhabited  by 
.  96,540  free  people.  The  chief  towns 
''  are  Portland,  the  metropolis  of  the  Dif- 
ti'i£l  of  Maine,  York,  Pownalborough 
and  Wifcaaet,Hallowell.  Bath.  Waldo- 
borough,  Penobfcot,  aiu)  Machias.  The 
Jaft  mentioned  is  the  only  incorporated 
town  in  Wafliington  county,  the  other 
fettlements  being  only  plantations.  The 
chief  rivers  are  Penobfcot,  Kennebeck, 
Saco,  Androfcoegin,  St.  Croix,  &c.  be- 
fides  a  vaft  number  of  fmall  rivers.  The 
moft  noted  lakes  are  Moofehead,  Scoo- 
die,  Sehacook,  and  Umbagog.  The 
chief  bays  are  thofe  of  Cafco,  Penob- 
fcot, Machias,  Sacb,,and  PaiTamaquod- 
dy.  The  nioft  remai'kable  capes  are 
thofe  of  Neddock,^Porpoire,  Elizabeth, 
Small  Point,  Pemaquio,  and  Petit  Ma- 
nan.  The  Diftri£l  of  Maine,  though 
an  elevated  tra£t  of  country,  cannot  he 
called  mountainous.  A  great  propor- 
tion of  the  lands  are  Arable  and  exceed- 
insl^jT  fertile,  particularly  between  Pe- 
nobfcot and  Kennebeck  rivers.  On 
icmc  parts  of  the  {ea*coaftt  the  lands 


% 


MAI 


are  but  indifferent.    The  hutdi  b  tb(« 
Diftrift  may  be  roafiderBd  in  thret  divi'- 
fions  I  the/rjl  compithending  tKe  (raft 
lying  eaft  of  Penobfcot  river,  of  aboilt 
4,500,000  acres  {  tht  fecond,  tmii  beft 
traft,  of  about  4^000,000  acres,  lying 
between  Penobfcot  and  Keiuielwck  riv- 
ers i  the  tbirdf  jlirft  fettled  and  moft  po* 
pulous  at  prefent,  weft  of  Kennebeck 
river,  containing  alfo  about  4,000,000 
acres.    The  foil  of  this  country,  in  ge- 
neral, where  it  is  properly  fitted  to  re- 
ceive the  feed,  appears  to  be  very  friend- 
ly to  the  growth  of  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oats,  peasj  henrp,  and  flstx,  as  well  as 
for  the  production  of  almoft  all  kinds 
of  culinary  roots  and  plants,  and  for 
Englilh    grafs ;    and    aUb  for  Indian 
.com,  efpecially  if  the  feed  be  procured 
from  a  more  northern  climate.    Hops 
are  the  fpontaneous    growth   of  this 
country;   and  it  is  alib  uncommonly 
good  for  grazing,  and  large  ftocks  of 
neat  cattle  may  be  fed  both  fummer  and 
winter.    The  natural  growth  of  this 
Diftri£l  confifts  of  white  pine  and  ijpruce 
trees  in  large  quantities,  fuitable  for 
mafts,  boards,  and   fliingles}    maple, 
beech,  white  and  grey  Oak,  and  yellow 
birch.     The  low    lands  produce  fir, 
Which  is  neither  fit  for  timber  nor  fuel, 
but  yields    a    balf'am  that  is  highly 
prized.     Almoft  the  whole  coaft  noith- 
eaft  of  Portland  is  lined  with  ifiands, 
among    which   vefl*els    may   generally 
anchoi  with  fafety.    The  principal  ex- 
ports of  this  country  are  various  kinds 
of  lumber,  as  pine  boards,  (hip  timber, 
and  every  fpecies  of  fplit  lumber  manu- 
factured from  pine  and  oak;  thefe  are 
exported  from  the  various  ports  in  im- 
menfe  quantities.    A  fpirit  of  improve- 
ment is  incrcafing  here.     A  charter  for 
a  college  has  been  granted  by  the  legif- 
lature,  and  five  academies  incorporated 
and  endowed  with  handfome  grants  of 
public  lands.     Town  fchools  are  gene- 
rally maintained  in  moft  of  the  towns. 
The  Commonwealth  of  Maflacbufetts 
poflefs  between  eight  and  nine  million 
acres  in  this  DiftriCt,  independent  of 
what  they  have  fold  or  contracted  to  fell, 
which  brings  into  the  treafury  the  neat 
fum of 269,0051.  8s.  7d.  currency;  and 
befides  about  two  million  acres  between 
St.  Croix  and  Faflamaquoddy  indifpute 
between  the  U.  States  and  the  Britifh  na- 
tion.   Exclufive  of  the  lands  fold,  about 
385,000  acres  have  been  graiited  foi-the 

en- 


th(« 
divi'- 


^duragekneht  of  Ittemture  and  other 
ufeful  und  humane  puipofes.  Attenq>ts 
were  made  to  fettle  this  country  ai  ear- 
ly ai  i6o7»  on  the  weft  fide  of  Kenne- 
bcck  river}  but  they  jproved  unfucceiT- 
ful,  and  weit  not  repeated  till  between 
1010  and  1630.  In  163  s,  the  weftem 
part  of  it  was  granted  to  Ferdinando 
Gorges,  by  the  Plymouth  Company, 
and  lie  firft.  inftituted  government,  in 
this  province.  In  165a,  this  province 
came  under  thejurifdi^ionof  Maflachu- 
iletts,  and  was,  by  charter*  incorporated 
with  it,  in  1691.  It  has  fince  increafed 
to  upwards  of  100,000  inhabitants,  and 
will,  it  is  expected,  Ihortly  be  ere£led 
into  a  feparate  State, 

Mairb,  Le,  a  ftitiit  between  Terra 
del  Fuego  and  Staten  Ifland,  in  S.Ame- 
rica. 

Maisy,  Cajitt  is  the  eaftenimoft 
point  of  the  idand  of  Cuba. 

MajabagaDVCe,  in  the  DiftriA  of 
Maine,  at  the  mouth  of  Penobfcot  river, 
on  the  eaft  fide. 

MakefielA,  Uppef  and  Lmuer, 
lownfliips  in  Buck's  county,  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

MALAbAk,  Cape^  or  Sandy  Po'mtt  a 
narrow  ftrip  of  land  projefting  out 
from  the  foutheaft  part  of  Cape  Cod, 
in  Maflachuietts,  about  8  miles  S.  by 
W.  N.  lat.  41.  33.  W.  long,  from 
Greenwich  70.  3. 

Malabrigo,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft 
ofPeru,  in  the  S.  Sea^ 

MalaMbito,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Carthagena,  in  Terra  Firms,  about 
60  miles  eafteriy  of  Carthagena,  and  on 
the  W.  fide  of  the  river  iVIagdalena. 

Malden,  a  town  in  Middlefex  coun- 
ty, MaiTachufetts,  on  the  eaftem  poft- 
road,  4  miles  north  of  Bofton,  contain- 
ing 1033  inhabitants.  It  is  conne6led 
with  Charleftown  by  a  bridge  over  Myf- 
tic  river,  built  in  1787. 

Maldonado,  abayin  the  river  La 
Plata,  eaftward  of  Buenos  Ayres,  in  S. 
America,  and  9  leagues  from  Cape  San* 
ta  Maria* 

Malioash,  a  fmall  creek  on  the 
fovithern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about  3 
leagues  from  Jaquit  river,  where  arc 
ertftcd  faw-milU  and  pot-a(h  works. 
Several  fiiips  and  brigs  have  been  built 
at  this  place.  Oppofite  to  it,  and  co- 
vering Its  front,  lies  L'Ifle  aux  Herons, 
or  Heron  Ifiand,  about  two  leagues  long 
and  one  wide.    It  lies  E.  and  W.  and 


MAN 


«f5 


about  two  milet  in  (bme  placet  fian  the 
main. 

Mama  Katino,  a  townfhip  in  U1« 
iJer  countyf  New- York,  W.  of  Mont- 
gomery and  Wallkill,  on  Delaware  riv* 
en  It  contains  1763  inhabitants,  in* 
eluding  %%%  eleftors,  and  51  flavea.     ^ 

MamarOneck,  a  townfliip  in  Weft. 
Chefter  county,  New- York,  containing 
45»  inhabitants,  including  57  (laves. 
It  is  bounded  foutherly  by  New  Ro- 
chelle,  and  eafteriy  by  the  Sound. 

Mamarvmi,  a  place  on  the  road 
from  Guayaquil  to  Qjnto,  in  S.  Ameri- 
ca, where  there  is  a  very  beautiful  caf- 
cade.    The  rock  from  which  the  water 
M'ecipitates  itfelf,  is  nearly  perpendicu- 
ar,  and  50  fathoms  high}  and  on  both     > 
ides  edged  with   lofty  and  fpreadtng 
trees.    The  clearnefs  of  the  water  daz- 
zles the  fight,  which  is  delighted,  at  the 
fame  time,  with  the  large  volume  of 
wat'er  formed  in  its  fall}  after  which 
it  continues  its  courfe  in  a  bed,  along  a 
fmall  defcent,  and  it  crofled  over  by  a 
bridge* 

Manallin,  a  townfhip  in  York 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

Manca,  a  town  of  Weft-Florida,  oit«i 
the  eaft  bank  of  the  Mifllfippi,  at  the 
mouth  of  Hona  Chitto  riVer. 

Mancenilla,  a  large  bay  on  the 
N.  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo  ; 
about  4000  fathoms  long  from  W»  to  >  < 
Ei  and  aSoo  broad  from  N.  to  S.  The 
S.  E.  part  of  the  bay  is  very  wide  and 
aflbrds  excellent  anchorage,  even  for 
veileis  of  the  firft  fize.  In  other  parts 
it  is  too  fliallow.  The  river  Maiiacre, 
which  was  the  point  of  feparation  of 
the  French  and  Spanifli  colonies  on  the 
N.  of  the  ifland,  runs  a  N.  courfe,  to- 
wards its  mouth  N»  W.  and  enters  the 
eaflern  part  of  the  bay.  The  bay  of 
Mancenilla,  though  a  very  fine  one,  is 
not  fo  ufeful  as  it  might  be,  if  its  bottom 
were  well  known^  There  are  feveral 
fliallows  in  it,  owing  to  the  overflowings 
of  the  Maflacre,  which  rolls  into  it 
wood,  fand,  and  ftones,  in  great  quan- 
tities, fo  that  it  I'eems  neceflary  to  found 
the  bay  annually,  after  they  are  over. 
In  general,  it  is  prudent,  on  entering,  to 
keep  clofer  to  the  point  of  Ycaque,  than 
to  the  S.  fide  of  the  bay }  becaufe  the 
iandy  pohit  has.no  rocks.  The  bottom 
of  the  bay  is  muddy.  The  river  Maf- 
facre  is,  during  a  league,  from  5  to  ix 
feet  deep,  and  pretty  wide }  but  its  bed 

T4  it 


t96  MAN 

U  often  Aill  of  tile  wood  which  the  rtir. 
rembrin|s  down.  It  fwaimt  with  fifh  i 
•nd  hen  ire  found  thofe  cnormoue  mul- 
leU  which  are  the  wide  of  the  table  at 
Cape  Francois.  In  the  times  of  the 
floods*  there  fifli  are  driven  towards  the 
bay»  where  neeroes,  well  praAiiisd  in 
the  bufinefsi  fim  for  them.  Fi&ing  in 
the  bay  is  difficult  enough)  on  account 
of  the  drifted  wood}  but  the  negrock 
are  good  divers,  and  are  often  obliged 
to  go  to  the  bottom  and  dileiigace  Ihe 
feine)  but  when  it  gets  near  the  b«nch, 
it  is  a  lingular  and  Ih'iking  fpeSncle,  to 
fee  the  nemes,  the  fifli»  and  the  alliga- 
torsi  all  TOuncing  about  in  the  water  to- 

fethier.  The  negroes  kill  the  alligators, 
nock  out  their  teeth,  and  fell  them  to 
.  make  corals,  the  garniture  of  which 
ferves  to  mark  the  degree  of  luxiury  oi- 
pride  of  thofe  who  hang  them  to  the 
necks  of  their  children.  The  plenty  ot 
iilh  often  attraAs  fliips  of  war  to  this 
bay.  The  mouth otMaflfacre  river  lies 
in  N.  lat.  19.  44.  W.  long,  from  Paris 

74:9- 

Manchac,  r  town  on  the  Miflifippi, 
^wo  miles  below  the  Indian  town  of 
^i^labama.  The  banks  of  the  river  at 
Manchac,  though  frequently  overflowed 
by  the  vernal  mundations,  are  50  feet 
perpendicular  height  above  thefurfoce 
of  the  water ;  and  the  river,  at  its  low- 
ed ebb,  is  not  lefs  than  40  fathoms  deep, 
and  nearly  a  mile  in  width.  The  Spa- 
nifli  fortrefs  on  the  point  of  land  below 
the  Ibberville,  dofe  by  the  banks  of  the 
Hver,  has  a  communication  with  Man- 
chac, by  a  flender,  narrow,  wooden 
bridge,  acrofs  the  channel  <>f  Ibberville, 
and  "not  a  bow.fliot  fi«m  the  habitatians 
of  Manchac. 

Manchkstbii,  a  fmall  filliing-town, 
fituated  on  the  iea-coaft  between  Cape 
Anne  and  Beverly,  in  Eifex  county, 
MafTachufetts.  The  fifhery  is  carried 
on  fi-om  this  port  chiefly  in  the  vefTels, 
and  for  the  account  of  the  merchants  in 
Bofton,  and  other  places.  The  town- 
fhiplies  S.  E.  of  Wrnham,  and  30  miles 
N.  R.  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1645,  and  contains  965  inhabitants. 

Manchester,  a  poft-town  of  Ver« 
mont,  in  Bennington  county,  on  Batten- 
kill.  It  ts  ta  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ben- 
nington, and  59  N.  E.  of  Albany  in 
New- York.  This  townfhip  contains 
1 176  inhabitants.  In  the  S.  imrt  of  the 
town,  in  a  bill  a  little  W.  of  tne  Battcn- 


^     f. 
MAN 


#:. 


kill,  is  deep  a  ftratum  of  frlablt  calct- 
rous  earth,  of  the  whitenefs  of  chalk } 
and  apparently  eompored  of  ftiells, 
which  rt^quires  but  little  burning  to 
produce  good  lime*  ^ 

Manchsster,  a  townfhip  in^  York 
county,  Fennlylvania. 

Manchestbr,  a  fmall  town  ofVir- 
ginia,  fituated  on  the  S.  fide  of  James 
river,  oppofite  to  Richmond,  with 
which  it  IS  connefted  by  a  bridge.  In 
1781  this  town  litffered  much  during 
Arnold^s  deftruAive  expedition. 

Manchester,  a  town  of  Nova-Sco- 
tia, io  leagues  N.  W.  of  Cape  Ganfo. 
It  contained  2$o  families  in  17S3. 

Manchester  House,  one  of  the 
Hudfon  Bay  Company's  fa6lories,  lies 
too  miles  W.  of  Hudlbn's  Houfe,  and 
75  S.  £.  of  Buckingham  Houfe.  It 
(lands  on  the  S.  W.  fule  of  Safkafhawan 
river,  in  the  N.  W.partofN.  America. 
N.  lat.  53.  14.  18.  W.  long.  109.  ab. 

Man  CORA,  a  place  on  the  road  from 
Guayaquil  to  Tnixilla,  in  Peru,  fituated 
on  the  feai-coaft.  Through  it,  durinj^ 
winter,  runs  a  rivulet  of  f  re(h  water,  to 
the  great  relief  of  the  mules  that  travel 
this  way.  In  fummer,  the  little  remain- 
ing in  Us  channel  is  lb  brackifh,  as  to  be 
hardly  tolerable. 

Manobea,  an  ifland  of  the  8.  Seas, 
vifited  by  Captain  Cook  in  the  beginning 
of  his  laft  voyage.  The  coaft  is  guard- 
ed by  a  reef  of  coral  rocks,  againfl  which 
a  heavy  furf  is  continually  breaking. 
The  ifland  is  about  1 5  miles  in  circum* 
ference.  The  inhabitants  appear  of  a 
warlike  difpofition.  S.  lat.  ai.  *j,  W. 
long.  158.  7. 

Manhattan,  the  ancient  name  of 
Long-IAand,  and  alfo  of  York- Ifland. 

Manheim,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania, 
in  the  cuunty  of  Lancafter.  It  Contains 
about  60  houfes,  and  a  Dutch  church. 
Glal's  works  were  ereAed  here  previous 
to  the  revolution,  but  they  are  fallen  to 
decay.  It  is  1 1  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lan- 
cafter, and  77  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 
•— Alio  the  name  of  a  tovm  in  Lincoln 
county,  Maine.  Thee  is  another  of 
the  fame  name  in  Yiu-k  county,  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Man  covAOAVfOrB Jack  Rst/tr,  rif- 
es  from  a  lake  of  its  name,  in  Lower 
Canada)  runs  a  foothern  courfe,  and 
falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  85  miles  N. 
E.  ofTadoufac. 

Ma n  ts (.,  or  rather  Sakmin^  moun- 

taios^ 


miles 


f^v 


¥^' 


MAN 

IiIm  in  thi  Uand  of^Hifpamoh  or.St. 
Domingo*  *o  miles  in  ctrcumfcnnce, 
and  almoft  inacceflible.  Thejrkave  been 
for  to  years  paft  the  place  of  refiige  of 
the  fugitive  Spaniihand  French  negroes, 
Thelb  brigand*  have  a*  ytt  always  de- 
,fied  their  pu-riiers.  The  foil  ot  theft 
mountains  u  fertile,  the  air  temperatei 
and  tlie  ftreaun  in  them  abound  with 
gold  duft. 

Mahillon*  a  townfliip  in  Fayette 
county,  Pemfylvania. 

Manitooalin,  a  duller  of  iilands 
near  the  northern  (hore  of  Lake  Huron, 
conlidered  as  lacred  by  the  Indians. 

Manlius,  a  townfhip  ia  Onondago 
county.  New- York,  incorporated  in 
1794,  and  is  the  Teat  of  the  county  courts. 
It  is  well  watered  by  Butternut,  Lime> 
ftone,  and  Chittenengo  creeks,  which 
unite  at  theN.  E.  corner  of  the  town ; 
and  the  ftream,  afluming  the  latter  name, 
runs  north  to  -Oneida  lake,  which  is  lo 
miles  northerly  of  the  cenu'e  of  the 
town.  It  comprehends  that  part  of  the 
Onondago  rcfervation  bounded  fouther- 
ly  by  the  Geneflee  road,  and  wefterly 
.  by  Onondago  creek  and  the  Salt  lake. 
Of  its  inhabitants  96  are  ele£iors,  ac- 
cording tothe  (late  cenCus  of  1796. 

Man  MIC.  Indian  villages  on  the  Pi- 
caway  fork  of  the  Manmic,  or  Miami 
of  the  lake,  and  St.  Mary's  river.  See 
Miam. 

Mannington,  a  townfliip  in  Salem 
county,  New.Jerfey. 

Manor,  a  townfhip  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pcnnfylvania. 

Man  SB  L,  an  ifland  in  the  N.  £.  part 
of  Hudfon*s bay,  between  Southampton' 
ifland  and  the  coaft  of  Labrador.  N.  lat. 
€t.  38. 

Mansfield,  a  townfliip  m  Suflex 
county,  New-Jerfey,  containing  148s 
inhabitants,  including  3  5  flaves.  It  is 
fituated  on  Mufconecunk  river,  about 
7  miles  fouth-eaflerly  of  Oxford,  and  as 
far  northerly  of  Greenwich. 

Mansfield,  a  townfliip  in  Briftol 
county  Maflachufetts,  fituated  30  miles 
foutherly  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1770,  and  contains  983  inhabit- 
ants. 
,^  Mansfield,  a  townfliip  in  Chit- 
tenden county.  Vermont,  between  La 
Moille  and  Onion  rivers,  about  7  miles 
diftance  ii'om  each,  and  113  miles.  N.  by 
E.  of  Bennington 


M  A  <t  tyy 

ton  county^  New.  Jerftjr,  «•  the  8.  fide 
of  Black's  creekf  eonufUng  af  g<,ofy 
acres,  of  an  ejtcellcnt  foil,  noted  fytim 
Am  paAurM  and  lam  dairies.  It  is  t 
m1l^s  W.  by  N.  of  BurUi^^tan*  aad.sB 
S.  by  E.  of  Trenton.  The  IniMhitaais 
are  moftly  Friends* 

Mansfield,  a  townltip  in  Winl- 
ham  county,  Connefticuti  about  30  nrilesi 
north  of  New>Loudon,  and  as  fiur  eaftof 
Hartford. 

Manta,  a  bay  of  Gnayaqail,  In 
South- America,  formerly  famous  for  m 
confiderable  pearl  fiftery;  but  it  iiat 
been  totally  difcontintled  for  fome  years. 
There  is  slfo  a  point  of  this  nany  nn 
the  coaft  near  it.    The  bay  has  its  name 
from  the  great  numbers  of  large  Uk 
called  rnoMtM,  the  catching  of  woiefa  i« 
the  common  employment  of  the  inha- 
bitants.   The  method  of  carrying  ■tm 
this  fifliery  is  as  ftrifows  1  they  thioiv 
into  the  wate.'  a  log  of  woody  about  it 
feet  long,  and  near  a  foot  in  diameter  i 
on  one  end  they  place  their  net,  and  tm 
the  other  an  Indian  ftands  in  an  creft 
pdfitton,  and  with  a  fingle^iar  rows  hia 
tottering  bark  to  the  diftance  of  Mf  a 
league  from  the  ftiore,  where  he  flioota 
his  net ;  another  Indian  follows  on  m 
fimilar  log,  takes  hold  of  the  rope  fiift. 
(^ed  to  one  «id  of  the  net,  and  wfem 
fullv  extended,  thev  both  make  toward* 
the  land,  hauling  the  net  after  them.  It 
is  aflonifliing  to  obferve  with  what  tmill^ 
ty  the  Indians  maintain  an  equilibrtnm 
on  thefe  round  logs,   notwithftandins 
the  continual  agitations  of  the  fea,  ana 
their  being  obliged  to  mind  the  m^  and 
the  net  at  the  fame  time.    They  are  in- 
deed excellent  fwimmers;    fo  that  if 
they  flip  off,  they  are  immediately  ca 
the  log  again,  and  in  their  fonner  pofi-^ 
tion. 

Maplbton,  amme  given  to  a  plea- 
fant  range  of  excellent  farms,  3  milea 
eatt  of  Princeton,  in  New- Jerfey. 

Ma^oit,  a  bay  of  flioal  waters  in 
Cafco  Bay,  in  the  diftri^i  of  Maine^  a<- 
bout  so  miles  north  of  Cape  Elizabethy 
frequently  mentioned  in  the  hiftory*  «f 
Maine}  where  the  Indians  were  ufed-to 
land  with  their  canoes,  and  firom  thenic 
carry  them  to  Pejebfc$t  Fails,  on  An- 
drolcosgin  river.  This  was  done  with 
the  toil  of  only  4  hours  walk.  From 
thefe  falls  they^  went  down  into  Ktmae- 
beck  river  j  and  from  thence  contimwd 
Mamip|I»,  a  tewnOup  in  Burling.  \  their  routf  np  chat  river  to  Wcftrun- 


/I 


s^8  MAR.  ' 

ftti*  ind  thence  •ver  to  St.  LfeiN^ee } 
er  tuined  and  weiiit  down  through  Mon> 
ktg  bayi  towardi  Penobfcot  |  or  from 
tha  fklls  they  emthined  their  progreAi 
np  AndroreogS[in  river,  bcyoAd  the 
whUe  MountRintf  and  over  to  Con- 
ncAicut  river,  and  from  thchce  to  Lake 
Memphremagog,  and  down  to  the  li- 
nita  of  Canada. 

Maracaibo,  Maracaybot  or  Ma- 
racayat  a  finall  but  rich  city  of  Veneiu- 
elo,  a  pi'ovince  of  Terra  Firnia  in  South  • 
America,  fituated  on  the  weftem  brnk 
of  the  lake  of  the  lame  name,  about  18 
miles  from  itt  mouth  and  73  S.  W.  of 
Corq.  It  is  well  built,  has  feverai  (late- 
ly houfcs,  very  regular,  and  adorned 
¥rilh  balconies,  from  which  there  is  a 
prol'iiedk  of  the  lake,  which  has  the  ap- 
nearance  of  a  Tea.  Here  are  about  4000 
inhabitants,  of  whom  3  00  are  able  to 
hear  arms.  It  has  a  governor  fubordi- 
mate  to- tne  governor  of  Terra  Finri. 
Here  is  a  large  parochial  church,  an 
liofpital,  and  4  .;onvents.  Veflels  from 
^5  to  30  tons  frequent  this  port,  with 
ihanuiaAurea  and  merchandize  from 
the  places  near  the  lake,  which  are  after- 
wards put  on  boanl  Spaniih  lliips  that 
come  hither  to  buy  thrm.  Ships  are 
built  at  Maracaibo,  which  trade  all  over 
Amtrtca,  and  even  into  Spain,  this  place 
being  very  commodious  for  <hip>build- 
ing.  It  lies  338  miles  eaft  of  Rio  de  la 
Hacha.  N.  lat.  10.  51.  W.  long.  70. 
15.. 

Maracaibo  Lake,  or  rather  Guff,  a 
large  colle£lion  of  waters,  on  which  the 
town  above  mentioned  is  fituated.  It  is 
'iiear  ao8  miles  long,  and  in  fame  parts, 
50  in  breadth,  running  from  S.  to  N. 
and  emptying  itfelf  into  the  N.  Sea  ; 
the  entrance  of  which  is  well  defended 
by  ftrong  torts ;  but  Sir  Henry  Morgan 
paR'ed  by  them,  plundei-«d  feverai  Spa- 
niOi  towns  on  the  coalt,  and  defeated  a 
fquadron  which  had  been  fent  to  inter- 
cept him.  As  the  tide  flows  into  the 
laice,  its  water  is  fomewlut  brackifli, 
notwithltanding  t!  7  many  rivers  it  re- 
ceives. It  abounds  with  all  forts  of 
iilh,  fome  of  which  are  very  large.  By 
the  navigation  of  this  lake,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Venezuela  carry  on  a  trade  with 
thofe  of  New  Granada.  The  lake  be- 
comes narrower  towards  the  middle, 
where  the  town  is  erected. 

Maragnon.  S'jt  River  of  AmoKOHs, 
.    }i/lAtiAOSOti,6iMeranott,otMerig' 


WAR 

A^tbeiiame  of  9  northern  cfiptidn<bip 
of  Araiil.    Chief  town,  St.  Louis. 

MARANHAd,  «  fmall  ifland  at  the 
month  of  the  noted  rivers  Maracu,' 
Topecom,  and  Mony,  on  th^N.  fide  of 
the  province  of  Maranhao,  or  Maknon 
in  Braiil.  The  ifland  is  oblraw,  4  j 
miles  in  cfrcoit.  Very  fin'tile,  and  well 
inbtbltedi  The  Fricnehj  who  fcizcd 
on  it  in  16  ts,  built  a  town  hcfe,  called 
St.  Louis  de  Maragnan  {  but  it  is  n'ow 
in  the  hands  of  the  Portuguefe  j  and  is  a; 
biOiop's  fee.  It  is  very  (Trong,  and  has 
a  flout  caftle  buHt  oh  a  rotk,  tpwards 
the  fea,  whibh  commands  a  very  ion-^ 
venient  harbours  The  ifland  itfelf 
is  very  difficult  of  accefs^  by  reafon  of 
the  rapidity  of  the  three  rivers  which 
foim  it  i  fo  that  veflels  mufl  wait  far 
proiK-r  winds  and  feafons  to  viflt  ifi 
Befldes  the  town  mentioned  here,  aie 
two  fmaller  ones,  viz.  St.  Andero,  on 
the  nioft  northerly  point,  and  St.  Jago 
on  the  fouthern.  The  natives  have 
about  %7  hamlets,  each  conflfting  of 
four  lai^  huts,  forming  a  fquare  in  th^ 
middle ;  all  being  built  of  large  timber^ 
and  covered  from  top  to  bottom  with 
leaves :  lb  that  each  may  contain  aoo  or 
300  perfens.  The  inhabitants  arc  ftrong 
and  healthy,  a'.id  live  to  a  gf  rvt  age  ; 
bows  and  arr')ws  are  their  only  wea»- 

Cons,  with  which  they  are  very  dextrous  t 
ut  they  are  fierce  and  cruel,  efpecially 
to  their  enemies.  The  continent,  3  or  4 
leagues  from  the  Mland,  is  inhabited  by 
the^  Tapouytapare,  and  Toiiphiambois 
nations,  who  are  wild  and  nerce,  and 
divided.mto  1 5  or  so  fuch  hamlets,  as 
have  been  defcribed  above.  Contiguous 
to  thefe  are  the  territories  of  Cuma  and 
Gayeta,  inhabited  by  nearly  the  fame 
fort  of  people.  Thecapital,Maragnan^ 
has  a  harbour  at  the  mouth  of  the  rivei* 
St.  Mary,  on  the  Atlantic  ocean;  495 
miles  N.  W.  of  Cape  St.  Roque.  S, 
lat  2.  27.  W.  long.  44.  36. 

Marblbhead,  a  port  of  entry  r  d 
poft'town  in  Eflex  coimty,  Maflatiiu- 
fetts,  4- miles  S.  E.  oFSnlcm,  19  N.  E^. 
ofBoflon;  containing  1  Epii'copal  and 
2  Congregational  churches,  and  5,661 
inliabitants.  The  harbour  lies  in  front 
of  the  town  S.  E.  extending  from  S.  W. 
to  N.  E.  about  one  mik:  and  a  half  in 
length,  and  half  a  mile  broad.  It  is 
formed  by  Marblehead  neck  on  the  S. 
and  £.  and  is  pfote6led  by  a  fea  wall, 
which,  before  its  late  repairs,  was  in 

imminent 


^' 


M  A  K 

Imminent  danger  of  givMg  ^jr,  »o  the 
great  detriment,  if  not  ruin  of  the  port. 
A  batterer  and  citadel  were  ere6led  Here 
in  i795f  for  the  defience  of  the  place, 
by  order  of  Congrefi.'  The  bank  fifh- 
cry  employe  the  principal  attention  of 
the  inhabitants^  and  more  it  done  of 
thii  bufmefs,  in  this  place,  than  in  any 
other  in  the  State.  Tlie  exports  of  the 
^ear  lyf^*  amounted  to  184,532  dol- 
lar*. Marhlehead  was  incorporated  in 
1649,  and  lies  in  N.  lat.  41.  30.  W. 
long.  69.  49. 

MaRBLETOWN,  a  townllilp  in  Ulfter 
county.  New- York,  fituatedon  the  W. 
fide  of  Hudibn's  river,  affd  fame  dif- 
tance  from  it ;  8  ndles  S.  W.  by  S.  of 
Efopus,  and  near  80  N.  of  New-York 
city.  It  contains  1,190  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 374  (laves.  By  the  State  cen- 
fus  of  1796,  374  of  the  inhabitants  are 
electors. 

Marc,  St.    Skt  Mark. 

Marcellus,  a  military  townfliip  in 
Onondago  cuimty.  New- York,  fituatcd 
on  Skaneatetes  lake,  1 1  miles  W.  of 
Onondago  Caftle.  Marcellus,  as  in- 
corporated in  17941  comprehends  alio 
the  towulhip  of  Camillus,  part  of  the 
Onondago  refervation.  and  part  of  the 
referved  lands  lying  S.  W.  of  the  Salt 
Lake.  Irt  ift\6,  iso{  its  inhabitants 
were  eleftors. 

Marcus  Hook,  a  town  in  Chefter 
county,  Peimfylvania,,  on  the  weft  fide 
of  Delaware  river,  20  miles  below  Phi- 
ladelphia. It  contains  about  30  fami- 
lies. Here  are  two  rows  of  piers,  or 
long  wharves,  to  defend  vefl'cls  from  the 
driving  of  ice  in  winter. 

M/iP.zcHAVX,  Cape,  forms  the  N. 
E.  fide  of  the  bay  of  Jacmcl,  in  the  ifl- 
and  of  St.  Domingo.    N.  lat.  18.  18. 

Marechites  Indians  inhabit  the 
banks  of  the  river  St.  John,  and  around 
Pafl'amaquoddy  bay.  They  are  efti- 
mated  at  140  fighting  men. 

MaRequita,  a  city  of  New  Grana- 
da, Terra  Firma,  S.  Aiiiferica. 

MARGALLAWAy,ariver  which  rifes 
in  the  Diltri£l  of  Maine,  and  erodes  the 
Ncw-Hampftiire  line  between  Lake  Um- 
bagog  and  a  moimtain  on  the  north, 
and  runs  fouth-weitward  to  Amarilcog- 
gin  river.    Its  mouth  is  10  rods  wide. 

Margaret's  Bay,  St.  a  port  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  Nova- Scotia,  between 
Prerpc£t  Harbour  and  Mahone  Bay; 
from  which  laft  it  it  feparated  by  a  pro- 


JSiAti 


^ 


n1(fti<bry.  On  which  i«  tht  high  Ini4  of 
Aipotagoen.     '  ^ 

MAROARBTTAy  oT  Sattto  Morgortf' 
ta  da  lat  CaraecMt  v\  ifland  of  Terrv 
Firma^  in  S.  Afti^riea,  from  which  it  !# 
parted  by  a  ftiait  S4  miles  wide ;  61f 
miles  W.  of  Paria,  or  New  Andaloita. 
Columbus  difcovered  it  hi  his  third  voy- 
age, anno  1498.  ft  is  4<»  mifet  in  length 
and  24  in  breadth ;  and,  being  always 
verdant,  affords  9  mod  agreeable  prof- 
pe6l.  It  abounds  in  paftUi-e,  maize  ami 
fruit ;  but  there  i»  a  fii»rcity  of  wood 
and  water.  There  was  once  a  pearls 
fifhery  on  its  eoaft,  which  produceif 
one  pearl,  the  fineft  ever  feen,  valued  ad 
^25,000  fterling,  bou^t  by  the  kii^ 
of  Spain.'  The  inlrabitants  are  a  mix-i 
ture  of  Indians  and  Spaniards,  who  are 
lazy  and  fuperftitiou's.  Here  are  feverat 
forts  of  animals,  particularly  wild  hogs^ 
with  filh  and  fowl.  N.  lat.  1 1 .  46.  W. 
loner*  ^4*  ia« 

Margaret's  I/lands,  in  the  N.  Pa- 
cific ocean,  were  difcovered  by  Capt. 
James  Maffee,  in  the  fliip  Margaret,  of 
Bolton,  in  his  voyage  from  Kamfchatka 
in  1780.  Their  latitude  is  24.  40.  U, 
long.  14T.  12.  E. 

Margarettsvillb,  a  village  it^ 
Wafliingfon  county,  Maryland,  abatit 
10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Elizabeth 'Town 
and  6  N.  E.  of  William's  Port. 

Maroot,  the  river  and  heights  of 
Margot  are  on  the  E.  fide  of  the  Mifli. 
fippi.  The  river  has  a  wellerly  courfr, 
and  is  faid  to  be  navigable  for  batteaux 
a  number  of  miles.  The  ground  be- 
low its  jun£lion  with  the  Miilifippi,  in 
lat.  35.  28.  N.  affords  a  c6mmariding, 
airy,  pleaiant,  and  extenlive  fituation  for 
fettlements  ;  the  foil  is  remarkably  fer- 
tile. About  3  miles  below  this,  the 
French  built  Aflumption  Fort  in  1736, 
when  at  War  with  the  Chickafaws,  but  • 
the  year  after  it  was  demoliflied,  when 
a  peace  was  concluded.  It  is  70  miles 
from  the  river  St.  Francis,  and  104  from 
the  Chickalaw  rivfer. 

Margot  Port,  a  maritime  village 
on  theN.  fide  of  the  idand  of  St.  Do. 
mingo,  in  19. 4.8, N.  lat.  9  leagues  weft- 
ward  of  Cape  Francois, 

Maria,  Cape  Santa,  is  the  northern 
cape  at  the  mouth  of  La  Plata  river,, 
in  S.  America;  9  leagues  from  the  bay 
of  Maliionade,  and  20  from  Montebideo, 
a  bav  fo  called  from  a  mbuntain  whicij| 
overlooks  it, 
^.  Maru 


'   <J 


-  f  m 


.■^ 


^     .     If  A  it 

MaIIA  SAMTAk  •  Mirn  of  tfiti  in* 
AteM  of  JhuniiMt  in  6.  America.  It 
iMM  built  b/  the  Spaniard*  (bim  after 
Ihty  dtfi»vcrcd  the  gold  mitwi  in  its 
■eighbottrbood.  N.  nt7. 43.  w.  loi^. 
>ft»  ta.      .  ^ 

Mariao ALANTBt  one  of  the  Carib- 
W  Iflandt  in  the  Atlantic  bctan »  fo 
called  ftom  the  fliip'i  name  in  which 
C^lumbut  dircovcrcd  itf  in  1493.  It 
b  of  an  elliptical  figui-e,  4^  leagues  from 
N.  to  S.  and  3  from  E;  to  W.  It  lies 
5  or  6  leagues  S.  eafterl^  of  Guadaloupe, 
tfwut  half  its  furface  is  barreh  moun- 
tains. There  are  only  two  parinies,  the 
princiral  at  the  foutb  defended  by  a  fort 
called  Bafleterre.  It  is  indiflTerently  wa- 
tered, but  products  Soo,ooclb.  ot  cof- 
|ee» ieO|Ooolb.  cotton* and  i,ooo,ooo]b. 
cf  (opa*  The  French  planted  a  colony 
bere  in  1648.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Englifli  in  169X9  but  the  French  foon 
ftttled  there  again,  and  ftill  poflefs  it. 
K.  lat*  15.  55.  W.  long.  61.  6. 

Maria  UNA,  was  the  name  given  to 
the  diftriA  granted  by  the  Plymouth 
Council  t*  Captain  John  Mafon  in  1 6a  i  ^ 
It  extended  fivm  the  river  Naumkeag, 
now  Salem,  round  Cape  Ann,  to  Mer- 
rimack river,  and  from  the  Tea  to  the 
lieads  of  thcfe  rivers,  with  the  Iflands 
l^ingwitlun  s  miles  of  the  coaft. 

IIaiiib,  Cape  Datiu,  the  weftei-n- 
■loft  point  of  tlie  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go, which  with  Cape  St.  Nicholas, 
wrms  the  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Leo- 

fsne.  N.  lat.  st.  3S.  W.  long,  from 
aris  76.  51 .  The  town  of  this  name, 
fituated  on  the  cape,  is  on  the  north- 
weftemmoft  part  of  the  fouth  peninfu- 
k  t  8  leagiics  weft  of  Jeremie,  and  60 
wtift  of  Fort  au  Prince.  The  towns 
and  villages,  along  the  north  coaft  of  the 
jpeninTula,  and  in  the  bay  or  bite  of  Le- 
Mpne,  between  the  cape  and  Port  au 
Irince,  are  Petit  Trou,  Anfe  a  Veau, 
Maragoane,  Petite  Goave,  Grand  Go- 


Bve,  ficc, 

Marie,  Straits  of,  coonefl  Lakes 
Superior  and  Huron,  which  will  permit 
boats  to  pafs,  but  not  larger-  vefl*els. 
Near  the  upper  end  of  thcfe  ftratts, 
which  are  40  miles  long,  is  a  rapid 
which  (though  it  is  impojffible  for  ca- 
ftoes  to  afcend)  may  be  navigated  by 
boats  without  danger,  when  condu£led 
by  able  pilots.  The  ftraits  afford  one 
ot  the  tmf-  pleafmg  profpefls  in  the 
world  I  on  che  left,  leading  to  lake  Su- 


ii  A  k 

pariWy  may  be  racnniiny  iMniHAtt  lit. 
tit  iflands  that  ntcnd  •  ooiBfidcrabl^ 
way  befcra  you  t  and  on  thb  right  an 
agttfeabk  IbcccdSon  of  Ihudl  pointa  of 
land  wbkb  pnjeft  •  little  way  into  the 
watei^  and  contribute  witl^  tne  Iflandt 
to  redder  it  delightfttl. 

MXribl,  Ptrtt  a  harbour  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  iflahd  of  Cuba»  which 
will  admit  frigates  of  30  guris. 

Marietta,  a  poft-town  and  fettle* ' 
mcnt  of  the  M.  Vf.  Territory;  fituatnl 
on  the  Ohio  at  the  tnouth  of  the  Muf- 
kingum.  The  Campus  Martiiis  in  this 
town  is  an  elevatkd  public  fquatv.  found- 
ed by  the  Ohio  Company;  in  the  year 
17S8.  The  fortificauon  is  all  of  hewrt 
timber,  and  for^ppearanee;  convenience^ 
and  defence,  <;f  fuperior  excellence.  It 
is  more  than  30  feet  above  the  high 
banks  of  the  Mulkingum;  and  only  15^ 
yarde  diftant  from  that  river,  with  a 
beautiful  natural  glatis  in  front.  The 
town  confifts  of  1,000  houfe-lots  of  90 
by  iSo  feet}  the  fpacious  ftreets  inter^ 
k&:  each  other  at  right  angles,  and  therd 
are  neceflfary  fquares  referved  for  ufci 
pleafure  and  ornament.  There  are  but 
tew  heufes  yet  erefied.  It  is  io  miles 
above  Bel-Pre,  86  fouth.weft  of  Wheel- 
ing. 146  fouth- weft  of  Pittft)urg,  24^ 
nok.h-eaft  of  Lexington  in  iCentnckyj 
and  460  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia^ 
The  mouth  of  Nlufkingum  river  Iks  iit 
lat.  39.  34.  long.  8s.  9. 

Mark,  St.  a  town  of  E.  Florida,  ai 
the  head  of  the  bay  of  Apalachy }  i8d 
miles  vittt  of  St.  AugulUne,  and  105 
from  the  Alachua  Savannah.  N.  lat. 
30.  II.  W.  long.  85.  45. 

Mark,  St.  a  jurildiaion  in  the  wef 
part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  con- 
taining 4  pariihes.  Its  exports,  ihipped 
from  the  town  of  its  name,  from  Jan.  i^ 
1789,  toDec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  were 
3,06 5,o47)b.  white  fugar,  7,931,7101b. 
brown  fuear,  7,041,85216.  coffee^ 
3,150,89010.  cotton,  349,8191b.  indi- 
go, and  various  articles  to  the  value  of 
x,i5o|  livres  :  the  total  value  of  duties 
on  exportation  11 6,974  dollars  4  cents* 
The  town  of  St.  Mark  lies  at  the  head 
of  a  bay  of  its  name,  which  is  at  the 
head  ot  the  Bay  or  Bite  of  Leogane. 
The  bay  is  formed  by  Cape  St.  Mark  on 
the  fouth,  and  Mome  au  Diable  on  the 
north.  This  town,  although  final],  is 
reckoned  the  ^leafanteft  in  the  iflands 
It!  conunercc  is  confiderabic.    It  owes 

a  great 


SC  AH 


f  gant  dMl  of  iit  cmbcUiluiNntt  to  the 
Intention  of  M .  df  Marbois,  during  Ms 
admintftration.  It  is  t%  )eman  weft  of 
Hioche,  19I  north^wcft  of  foit  au 
Prince,  14  UMitl^  bv  weft  of  Lea  Go- 
fiaives,  30  fouth  of  Port  dt  Paix,  and 
46}  fouth-weft  of  Cape  Francois.  N. 
^t.  19.  5.  W,  long,  75,  10. 

Marlborough,  a  county  in  the 
fwrth  eaft  comer  of  Chcraws  diftrtft,  oq 
^he  Great  Pedee  river,  S.  Carolina,  %$ 
miles  lofig,  and  19  broad, 

Marlborough,  Nrw,  atownfliip 
\n  Berkfhire  county,  Maflkchufetts,  con- 
taining 1,550  inhabitants.  It  was  in- 
foruoi-atcd  ip'  1759,  and  is  144  miles 
weft  by  fouth  of  Bofton. 

Marlborough,  an  anc;ent  and 
wealthy^  townAtip  in  Middlciex  county, 
Mairacniifett^i  (the  Oktmmahamtfit  of 
the  Indians)  was  "icorporated  in  1660, 
and  contains  I1554  innabitants.  It  is 
•8  miles  W,  of  Bofton.  A  mode  of 
inanufa£luring  Spanifli  brown,  from  a 
Rind  of  earth  or  loam,  faid  to  refemble 
bed-ore,  though  not  impregnated  with 
particles  of  iron,  has  lately  been  difco- 
Vered  in  thii(  town,  by  an  ingenious 
gentleman.  He  conftru£led  an  air  fur- 
nace, at  a  trivial  expenfe )  and  in  the 
year  1794,  could  calcine  and  prepare  for 
the  mill  a  too  in  14  hours,  6  days  in 
fucceflion,  without  great  expenle  of 
wood.  Connoiflfeurs  m  paints  acknow- 
ledge it  is  good.  His  nrft  attempts  in 
inaking  tpruce  yellow  were  likewi/e  flat- 
tering. 

Marlborough,  a  townfliip  in 
Windham  county,  Vermont,  having 
Newfene  on  the  north,  Halifax  fouth, 
Brattleborough  eaft,  and  Wilmington 
on  the  wefti  It  contains  629  inhabi- 
tants. 

Marlborough,  a  poft-town  in 
Cheihire  county,  New-Hampfliire..  fix 
miles  from  Kecne,  20  north  of  Winch- 
cndon,  and  ^z6  from  Aihbumham  in 
MalTachufetts.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1776,  and  contains  786  inhabitants. 

Marlbokourh,  iV^ov,  a  townfliip 
in  Ulfter  county,  New- York  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Hudfon's 'river,  north  of 
Newburgh.  It  contains  2,241  inhabi- 
tants} of  whom  339  are  electors,  and 
58  flaVes. 

Marlborough,  the  name  of  three 
townfliips  in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in 
Montgomery  county,  and  £aft  and  Weft 
Marlborough  in  Cheftcr  county. 


Mar  in 

Marliorovoii,  Untt,  %  tttm  ft 
Maryland,  fituated  in  Calnrt  ^cmttflfm 
the  eaft  fide  of  PatnMat  Hvcr,  14  nUci 
fi>uthea(l of Waliington city.  Itvon* 
tahis  about  60  boutiBs,  and  •  wan  'hum 
for  the  InfueAion  of  tobacco.  The  li- 
ver is  navigable  for  fliipa  of  bunka  far 
fome  miles  above  the  town. 

Marlboroooh,  Vfptft  the. chief, 
town  of  Prince  George*s  county,  Mary- 
land. It  is  fituated  on  the  fouth-wet 
fide  of  Hatavifit,  one  of  the  two  princi* 
pal  branches  of  Patuxent  river.  It 
contains  about  iso  houfes,  «  toiut- 
houfe,  and  a  ware-bouie  for  the  infpcc- 
tion  of  tobacco.  It  is  47  miles  8;  8. 
W.  of  Baltimore,  and  about  1 5  cafttrly 
of  the  city  of  Wafliington. 

Marlow,  a  towiuhip  in  Chefliire 
county,  New-Hamplhirt,  iettled  in  1 76 19 
108  miles  from  Portfmouth.  It  coo« 
tainh  313  inhabitants. 

Marmosets,  a  harbour  in  the  ifl- 
aod  of  St.  Domingo,  which  may  recehre 
merchantmen,  but  the  entrance  of  it  ia 
remlered  difficult  by  the  breakers.  It 
lies  between  Cape  Rouge  and  Grand 
Port  Berhagne. 

Mar<^es,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Old-Mexico,  or  New-Spain  in  the 
South  Sea. 

MARquBSAS.  Thefe  iflands  are  5 
in  number,  viz.  La  Magdalena,  St.  Pe- 
dro, La  Dominica,  Santa  Chriftina^  and 
Hood's  Ifland,  fituated  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific  Ocean,  l)etween  the  latitude  of  9. 


26.  and  10.  25  fouth }  and  between  the 
longitude  of  1 38.  4.7.  and  139.  13.  weft* 
They  were  firft  difcovered  bv  Mendant 
and  Quiros,  in   1595;    and  in   I774f 
Capt.  Cook  afcertained  their  fituation 
more  particularly,  which  before  waB 
different  in  different  charts.    La  Domi- 
nica, the  largeft,  is  about  1 6  leagues  in 
circuit,  in  lat.  9.  44.  Ibnth.     Hood's 
Ifland  was  dilcoVereid  by  Capt.  Cook  in 
1774.     The  inhabitants,  taken  cdlleft.- 
ively,  are,  without  exception,  the  fineft 
race  of  people  in  thefe  fens ;   and  for 
good  fliapes  and  regular  features  they 
perhaps  furpafs  all  nations.     THey  are 
tiiought  to  be  of  the  fame  origin  as  thofe 
of  Otaheite  and  of  the  Society  Ifiands. 
They  have  hogs,  'fowls,  plantains  and 
other  vegetables  and  roots;  likewife  a 
few  bread-fruit  and  cocoa  trees.  North* 
north- weft  of  thcl'e  iflands,  from  35  t* 
50  leagues  diflant,  are  the  7  ifles  called. 
IngraM/ri's  JJks  j  which  fee.  ' 

MARROWYNEt 


v 


|Q|  MAR 

MaRiROWTNC,  »  river  of  Dutch 
^ulwiai  Ml  8*  Amtricii. 

MARtHFiRLD,  a  townfliip  in  Ply> 
mouth,  county,  Maflachul'etti,  bounded 
8.  by  Duxborough,  aod  36  tnilei  8.  E. 
•f  Bofton.  I^  wan  iiicoiporatcd  jin 
|640t  and  opntaini  1169  innabtta^ti< 

MAliSHFi|i}.D,  a  townthip  in  C%le- 
^onif  (ounty,  io  Veimonti  a^oining 
to  CaUi»  on  the  Ni  W*  and  PeacliMm 

MARiHrEB,  by  feveral  writera  called 

fifa/l^pt*,  an  ancient  Indian  town  in 
ainlbble  county,  Maflachufettii,  con- 
taining 30S  inhauitant*.  T^txe  i»  i^ill 
Ml  Indian  ctiurch  hei-e,  but  not  more 
than  4.0  or  50  perfons  are  pure  Imliana. 
Th'c  whole  conliits  of  about  80  familiei, 
j^rinclpatiy  of  a  mixed  race,  being  ftSc 
ibuU  in  all.  They  have  greatly  de- 
created  fmcc  1693,  vi4ten  there  were  114. 
adulti,  btfidts  ilragglers  in  the  plan- 
tation  aiid  places  adjacent;  under  the 
care  of  Mr.  I^owland  Cotton,  miniAer 
of  Sandwich^ 

Makshy  Upfif  tjje  north- weftem 
branch  of  Nanticoke  ^'jver  in  Maryland. 
FederaKburg  lies  on  the  £.  lide,  13  or 
I4.uiilei  horn  its  mouth. 

Martha  Brae,  a  imall  town  hav> 
ving  a  harbour,  7  leagues  W.  of  Mon- 
tego  Point.  It  is  frequented  only  by 
lucb  veflels  at  lare  particularly  deitlned 
i^  this  place.  Th^re  is  a  bar  with  1 6 
or  1 7  fieet  water  in  going  in }  and  tlie 
paiTage  in  coining  out  between  the  Tri- 
angli^  Rocks  is  not  more  tluhi  60  feet 
wide  with  6{  ur  7  fathoms  water.  See 
Falmouth. 

Martha,  Rivera  St.  See  Mftgda- 
lean. 

Martha,  5"^  a  province  pf  Terra 
Firma,  br  Caftile  del  Oro,  in  S.  Ameri- 
ca }  bounded  N.  by  the  North  fea  ;  E. 
by  Rio  de  la  Hacha ;  S.  by  New.Gra- 
nacla,  and  W.  by  the  territory  of  Cartha- 
gena. ,  The  air  is  colder  here  and  more 
pure' than  in  the  adjoining  countries, 
rhc'iv^lies  are  fertile,  and  produce 
maize,  with  other  grains  and  fruits, 
efpecially  oranges,  lemons,  pine-apples, 
grapes,  &c.  alfo  indigo  and  cochineal, 
and  foiiie  woods  for  dying.  The  moun- 
tains which  are  known  to  failors  by  the 
name  of  the  Snowy  mountains  of  St. 
Martha,  produce  gold,  emeralds^  fap- 
phires,  chalcedonies,  jai'pcr,  and  purious 
.  marble.  On  the  coafts  whtre  fmuggling 
is  carHedi  on,  are  falt-woriU}  Ri)d  two 


M  A  ft 

n«u-I  Alheric*.  It  is  abfut  300  milea  t»- 
length,  and  »oo  in  bi  etdtb,  is  t  moun> 
tainoua  country,  and  in  gcntral  reckon, 
ed  the  highcll  in  thU  part  of  the  world* 
MigiTHA,  Su  R  city  IB  the  province 
laft  mention«d,  w»tb  R  harbour  w  the 
N.  8ca,  at  tlie  mouth  of  the  Guayra  { 
about  114  miles  N.  E.  of  Carthagena^ 
It  is  the  refidence  of  a  governor  and 
biihop.  The  houl'es  aie  built  with 
canes,  and  are  very  neat.  Its  harbour 
is  large,  convenient,  and  fafe,  and  the 
environs  agreeable  and  fertile.  At  pre> 
fent  it  .containa*  about  3000  iphabitanti, 
who  carry  on  an  c^Ltenfive  rich  tj|-adc,  and 
make  great  quantities  of  cottons,  ftufts, 
&c.  with  earthen  ware,  which  is  much 
elleeraed.  It  has  a  valu^ible  pearl  fifh- 
ery,  in  which  great  numbers  of  flavee 
are  employed,  whofe  dexterity  in  diving 
for  the  .oyfters  it  very  extraordinary ; 
Ibme  of  whom  will  remaip  for  a  .quaitcr 
of  an  hour  under  water,  and  wil)  rili; 
with  a  bafket  lull.  N.  lat.  11.  »$.  W. 
Ipng.  73-  5».  , 

Martha's  Vineyard, an  iflandbf!^ 
longing  to  Duke's  county,  Mafl'achu- 
fetta,  called  by  the  Indians  Nope^  or 
Capa-wock,  is  lituated  between  40.  17, 
and  41. 19.  N.  lat.  and  between  70.  ix. 
and  70.  50.  W.  lonz.  about  ti  miles 
long  and  6  broad,  and  lies  a  little  to  (he 
W.  (pfNantucket.  Martha's  Vineyard, 
ChalM(|uiddick»  Noman's  Ifland,  and 
the  Elisabeth  Iflands,  which  contain 
about  16,500  acres  of  valuable  land, 
conlUtute  Duke's  county,  containing 
3,165  white  inhabitant^,  and  between 
400  and  500  Indians  and  ipulattoes ; 
who  fubfift  by  agricHlt^re  ^pd  Afliing. 
Cattle  ai^d  flieep  are  raifed  here  in  great 
numbers ;  and  rye,  corn  and  oats  are  the 
chief  produce  of  the  ifland.  White  pipe- 
clay, and  yellow  and  red  oclire  are  found 
in  Martha's  Vineyard.  The  ravages  of 
war  were  fcvcrely  ftrlt  in  this  induitriou^ 
fpot.  In  September,  1778,  the  3riti(h 
made  a  requifition  of  their  militia  arnis^ 
300  oxen,  and  sooo  (been,  which  were 
delivered  up.    See  Gay  titad, 

Martick,  a  town(hip  in  Lancaller 
county,  Penufylvania, 

Martin,  a  county  of  Halifax  dif- 
trlft,  N.  Carolina,  afljoining  Tyrrel, 
Halifax,  Bertie,  and  Pitt  counties.  It 
contains  6,q8q  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1,889  are  flayes. 

Martin,  Cape  St.  on  the  coaft  of 
I  New- Spain  oq  the  North  Sea. 
'  Martxk'j^ 


.  M  A  R 

Martim*!!  Si.  one  of  tlw  aoithcni* 
pnoA  of  the  CuribbM  UUadi  i  (ituated 
IntiM  AtUntic  ocew,*  iMtwccn  Ansiiilla 
on  tke  noi'tbi  from  whence  it  !■  mftunt 
^  leaigue  Mkl  a  half,  and  iit*  Barthoto* 
mew  on  the  fouth-eaft*  1 5  mllei.    It  U 
about  1 5  Icngue*  in  circumftrensci  with 
commodioiit  bays  «im1  roadi  on  the  fi, 
'  Iv.  fide.    Here  are  good  falt.pitti  and 
lakes  of  fait  water»  which  run  a  great 
>vay  within  the  laiKi )  but  has  no  frefli 
water  but  what  falls  from  the  ctoud» » 
and  is  faved  by  the  inhabitants  in  cil- 
)em».    The  fait  lakes  abound  in  good 
fiflii  particularly  turtle}  and  i!ie  fait 
water  pools  are  frequented  by  vaft  num- 
bers of  birds.    In  the  woods  are  wild 
hogs,  turtle-doves,  and  parrots  innumer- 
able.    Here  are  fcveral  trees  producing 
J|um8{   and  plenty  of  the  candle- tree, 
plinters  of  which,  when  dry  and  light- 
ed, emit  a  very  fragrant  Imell.    Its  to- 
bacco, the  chief  commodity  cultivated, 
|s  reckoned  the  beft  in  the  Caribbee 
illands.   The  Spaniards  abandoned  this 
JHand  in  1650,  and  blew  up  a  fort  which 
they  had   ere6\ed.     The  French  and 
Dutch  afterwaaiii '  (hared  the  ifland  be- 
tween then^.     But  ip   1689,  were  at- 
tacked and  phimlered  by-  Sir  Timothy 
Thotnhill,  and  in  July,  1744,  were  dri- 
yen  out  by  the  Britifli  forcts,  and  did  Kot 
return  till  after  the  peace  of  1 7  0  3 ,  They 
|iow  enjqy  ^bout  35,copacres,  out  of 
the  55,000  which  the  whole  i|Iand  con- 
tains.   The  two  colonies  breed  poultry 
^nd  llieep,  which  they  fell  to  the  other 
iflands.   They  alfo  cultivate  a  little  cot- 
ton and  coffee.   About  sq  years  ago  the 
French  part  contained  409  white  fami- 
lies, and  ip,ooo  Haves.  TheDvitch  part 
no  more  than  60  families,  and  about  200 
(laves.  N.  lat.  18,6.  W.  long.  62.  30. 
Martinico,  one  of  the  largcft  of 
the  Caribbee  iflfunds,  fituuted  between 
)at.  14.  and  1 5.  N.  and  in  lung.  6 1 .  W. 
lying  about  40  Leagues  N.  W.  of  Bar- 
badoes,and  zz  S.  by  E.  of  Guadaloupe, 
is  about  60  miles  in  length,  and  30  in 
breadth}  containing  about  360  fqiixre 
miles.     The  inland. part  of  it  is  liilly, 
from  whicli  are  poured  out  on  eveiy 
iide,  a  numbe)- of  agreeable  and  ulefui 
rivers,  which  adorn  ar)d  enrich  this  i/L 
jind  in  a  high  degree.     The  produce'^ 
the  foil  is  fugar,  cotton,  iticligo,  ginger, 
and  fuch  fruits  and  produaions  as  are 
f^ound  in  the  neighbouring  iflands.    But 
iugar  is  herejiUs  in  all  the  \VclMadi^ 


MAI  5«f 

iBanit,  the  principal  eonaiaililf*  cf 
which  thcv  c^ort  a  confidcnblt  oupi- 
titfMnually.  Marticleo  is  Um  n6d«iic« 
of  the  govijriMr  of  the  f  rcnch  i^wnds  fay 
thaic  Mf ,  |ti  bays  and  harlwura  affi 
nufncrotwy  faf«f  and  commodious,  aiM 
well  fortiMf  It  ia  divided  into  »S  pa. 
ri(hey,  which  contain  about  the  fan>« 
number  pf  towrta  ai)d  villages,  and  ^ 
principai  towns,  Fort  fto^iii  and  St. 
fierrc.  In  1770,  it  contamed  ta,450 
white  people}  1S14  free  blacks  or  mur 
lattoes)  70,553  (laves,  and  443  fugt> 
tive  negroes.    Aboyt  the  liime  time  it§ 

firodum  were  computed  at  23  milliou 
b.  of  fugar,  3  million  lb.  of  coffee, 
600,000  lb«  of  cotton,  and  40,00a  lb.  of 
cocoa.  Foreigners  carry  off  privately 
about  a  lath  part  of  the  produce  of  th^ 
ifland,  and  the  reft  goes  to  France.  This 
ifland  called  Madanina  by  the  ancient 
natives,  was  fettled  by  the  French  in 
1635.  The  Britifh  reduced  it  in  .1 7  6  s . 
but  reftored  it  at  the  conclufion  of  peace 
in.  1763.  .  It  was  again  tai^en  by  r.h«  ' 
9riti(h  in  1794. 

Martinico,  Uttle.    See  Behia. 

Martinsborovgh,  a  town  of  N. 
Carolina,  lituated  on  theS.  fide  of  Tar 
river,  and  10  miles  alwve  Walhington. 

Martinsbvrg,  apoft  townof  Vir- 
einia,  and  capital  of  Berkeley  county, 
ntuated  about  8  miles  foiith  of  the  Pa- 
towmac,  in  the  midft  of  a  fertile  aAd 
well  cultivated  country,  and  25, miles 
from  the  mineral  furings  at  Bath.  It 
won^ins  upwards  of  70  houfes,  a  court, 
houlc,  gaol,  and  Epifcopal  church }  and 
contiguous  to  the  town  is  one  for  Prcf. 
byterian^.  It  is  10  m'llrs  from  Shep- 
herdflown,  30  from  Pittfylvania  cdtirt- 
houfe,  15  fi  cm  Rocky  Mount  or  Frank- 
lin court  houfe,  la  N.  £.  of  Winchef- 
tcr,  88  N.  N.  W.  of  Alexandria,  and 
144.  from  Philadelphia. 

Martinville,  apod-town, and  the 
capital  of  puilford  county,  in  N.  Caro- 
lina, is  agieeably  fituatcd  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  BvifF;<loe  creek,  a  bran^i  of  Haw 
river  and  Contains  about  40  houfes,  a 
court-houfe  and  gaol.  It  lies  N.  E.  of 
Bell's  Mill,  at  the  head  of  Deep  river  \ 
48  miles  north-wcfi  of  Hillfljoroughjji 
27  eaft  of  Salem  ;  50  north- ealt  of  SaliU 
bury  i  151  weft  by  fouth  of  Halifux,  and 
500  ibuth-wcftof  Philadelphia.  N.  lat. 
36.  5.  W.  long.  79.  43. 

It  was  near  this  town  that  General' 
Greene  an(l  Lord  Comwallis  engaged 

in 


vt 


*'. 


"I*- 


M 


S04  II  AK 

kom  of  the  trft  fought  a6lion»  in  the 
Me#ar,on  the  isthof  March,  1781: 
and-  atthough  the  American*  were  drf- 
vm  off  the  field,  the  BritHW  (viffertd  i . 
grcst  toft,  that  they  coukl  not  piirrue 
the  viAory.  The  greateft  part  of  the 
country  in  which  tm  action  happened, 
was  a  wildemefs,  with  a  few  cleared 
lields  interfperfed.  The  American  ar- 
my, when  the  afVion  commented,  wa» 
poftcd  on  a  riling  ground  ab6ut  a  mile 
and  a  half  from  Guilford  c^urt-houfe. 
Marylaitd,  oneof  tlie  United  States 
ef  America,  lies  between  lat.  37.  56. 
and  39. 44.  N.  and  between  75.  8.  and 
79.  38.  W.  long.  It  is  about  134 
viles  in  length,  and  no  in  breadth,  and 
contains  14,000  fquare  miles,  one-fourth 
-cf  which  is  water.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
Pcnnfyivania}  E.  by  Delaware  State, 
and  the  Atlantic  ocean;  S.  and  W.  by 
VlrgilKa :  and  is  divided  into  19  coun- 
ties, 1 1  of  which  ai-e  on  the  Wefiern  and 
S  on  the  Eajtept  (hore  of  Chelapealc 
fcay.  Thofe  o<>  the  Wefltm  Jhore  aie 
Hartford,  Baltimore,  Ann  Arundel,Fre. 
deride,  Alleghany,  Waftiington,  Mont- 
wmery,'  Frinct  George,  Calvert, 
Charles,  and  St.  Mary''s,  which  contain 
si»,ot9  inhabitant) ;  thofeon  the£iX/7- 
€T*jbon  are  Cecil,  Kent,  Queen  Ann, 
Caroline,  Talbot,  Somerl'et,  Dorchefter, 
aqd  Worcefter;  containing  107,639  in- 
Iiimtants.  The  whole  number  of  inha- 
bitaatt  in  the  State  being  319,718  ;  of 
whom  103,036  are  flaves.  Each  of  the 
coonties  lenus  4  reprefentatives  to  the 
iKMife  of  delegates )  heftdes  which  the 
city  of  Annapolis,  the  metropolis,  and 
the  town  of  Baltimore  fend  two  each. 
The  chief  towns  of  the  State,  befides 
tliefe  two,  are  Georgetown  bordering 
on  the  city  of  Wafliington  on  the  river 
Patowmack,  Frederick  town  Hagarf- 
town  apiJ  Elkton.  The  city  of  Wafli- 
ington, or  the  Federal  City,  was  ceded 
by  the  State  of  Virginia  and  Maryland, 
to  the  United  States,  and  by  them  efta- 
blilhv'd  as  the  feat  of  their  government, 
ifter  the  year  1800. 

Chefaipeak  bay,  which  divides  this 
State  into  eaftem  and  weftem  iiivifions, 
%  the  largcft  in  the  United  States. 
From  the  eaftern  fliore  in  Maryland} 
among  other  fmaller  ones,  it  receives 
Pokomoke,  Namicoke,  Choptank,  Chef- 
tcr  and  Elk  rivers.  From  the  noith,  the 
rapid  Sufquehannah  ;  and  from  the  weit, 
PatapfcO)  Sevcmi  Patuxcnt  auid  PatQ- 


M  AR> 


/¥ 


mak,  half  of  which  is  in  Maryland,  and 
half  in  Virginia.  Exceptthe  Surqiiehan- 
nah  and  Patomak,  theic  are fmairrivers. 
The  faee  of  the  country  is  unitbrmly 
level  and  low  in  moft  of  the  counties  on 
the  eailem  fliore,  and  confequently  co« 
vered.in  many  places,  with  Aagnant  wa- 
ter, except  where  it  is  interfefied  by  nu« 
merous  creeks.  Here  alfo  ^e  large 
trails  of  marfli,  which,  during  the  day, 
load  the  atmofphere  With  vapour,  tltat 
falls  in  dew,  in  the  clofe  of  the  fummer 
and  fall  ieafons,  which  are  fickly.  The 
ipring  and  fummer  are  ;moft  healthy. 
Wheat  and  tobacco  are  the  ftaple  com- 
modifies.  In  the  interior  country,  on 
the  uplands,  confiderable  quantities  of 
hemp  and  flax  aie  railed i 

The  inhabitants,  except  in  the  popu- 
bus  towns,  live  on  their  plantations  oft- 
en I'everal  miles  dillant  from  each  other. 
To  an  inhabitant  of  the  middle,  and  ef- 
pecially  of  the  euflem  States,  which  ar^ 
thickly  peopled,  they  apjiear  to  live  re- 
tired and  un(bci;J  lives.  The  negrods 
Cerform  all  the  manual  labour.  The  in- 
abitants  oF  the  populous  towns,  and 
thole  from  the  cuuntty  who  have  inter- 
courle  with  them,  are  in  their  manner^ 
and  cuftoms  genteel  and  agreeable. 

The  inhabitants  are  made  up  of  vari- 
ous nations  of  many  different  religious 
fentiments;  tiew  general  bbfervations, 
therefore  of  a  chara£leriftical  kind,  will 
apply.  It  may  be  laid,  however,  with 
g;eac  truth,  that  they  are  in  general, 
very  federal,  and  friends  to  {-ood  govern- 
ment. They  owe  little  money  as  a 
State,  and  are  willing  and  able  to  dif- 
charge  their  debts.  1  heir  credit  is  very 
good  \  and  although  they  have  fo  great 
a  proportion  of  flaves,  yet  a  number  of 
innyential  gentlemen  have  evinced  their 
humanity  and  their  difpofition  toabolilh 
lb  difreputable  a  traflic,  by  forming 
themielves  into  a  fociety  for  the  aboli* 
tion  of  negio  flavery. 

The  trade  of  Maryland  is  principally 
carried  on  from  Baltimore,  with  the 
the  other  States,  with  the  Weft-Indies, 
and  with  Tome  parts  6f  Europe.  To 
thete  places  they  lend  annually  about 
30,000  huglheads  of  tobacco,  beiides 
large  quantities  of  wheat,  flour,  pig- 
iron,  lumber  and  corn— beans,  pork, 
and  flax- feed  in  fmail  quantities:  and 
receive  in  return,  cloathing  for  them- 
fclves  and  negroes,  and  other  dry  goods, 
wiitKS,  fpirits,  Aigars,  ind  other  Weft- 


r.  P»g- 
pork, 

s:  and 
them- 

goodsi 
Wert- 


It  A& 

India  commoditiea.   The  balance  Uge- 
neraliy  in  their  favour. 

The  total  amountof  ex- 
ports  from  Baltimore  in  DtBars.  Qj, 
1790  wat      -        -        t»oi7,777  64 

Value  of  imports  ibr 

the  iame  year,     -      -     s*94'5il$9  55 

'  t79i  r-        '        s**39i^90  9^ 

1791        -        -  s,6s3,8oS  31 

179 J  -        -        ^f665,0S5  50 

1794.        -        -  5,68(,i90  50 

1795  -        -        5>Si>*j79  55 

In  the  year  1791}  the  quantity  of 

wheat  exported  wat  ao5»57i  bufliels— 

Indian  com  io5»64)  do.— buck-wheat 

4,ittf^do.— peaa,  10,619  do.   belidea 

151,44);  barrels  of  wheat  flour,  4,3*5 

do.  Indian  meal,  6,761  do.  bread,  and 

3,104  ke^  of  crackers. 

The  Roman  Catholics,  who  were  the 
firft  fettlcrs  m  Maryland,  are  the  moft 
numerous  religious  feft.  Befides  thefe, 
there  a.-e  Protefllant  Epifcocalians,  Eng. 
lifli,  Scotch,  and  Iriih  rre(byterians, 
German  Calvinifts,  German  Lutherans, 
Friends,  Baptifts,  Methodifls,  Mennon- 
iftt,  Nicdites  or  new  Quakers  {  who 
all  enjoy  liberty  of  confcicnce.  The 
feminanes  of  learning  are  as  follow: 
Wa/bingtvH  Academf^  m  Somerfet  coun- 
ty, which  was  inftituted  by  law  in  1 779. 
UraflUngm  College^  inftituted  at  Chef- 
tertown,  in  Kent  county,  in  1782.  By 
a  law  enafted  in  1787,  a  nermanent 
itind  was  granted  to  this  it^ftitution  of 
II  sol.  a  year,  currency.  St.  Jolm*s 
CcJiegevn*  inftituted  in  1784,  to  which 
a  permanent  Hiind  is  afligned,  of  1750I. 
a  year.  This  college  is  to  be  at  Anna- 
polia,  where  a  buiVime  is  now  prepared 
for  it.  Very  liberal  fubfcriptions  were 
obtained  towards  founding  and  carry- 
ing on  thefe  feminaries.  The  two 
colleges  conftitute  one  univerfity,  by 
the  name  of  *  the  Univerfity  of  Mary- 
land,* whereof  the  governor  of  the 
State,  for  the  time  being,  is  chancellor, 
and  the  principal  of  one  of  them,  vice- 
chancellor.  The  Roman  Catholics  have 
alfo  ere£led  a  college  at  Georgetown, 
on  Patowniac  river,  for  the  promotion 
of  general  literature.  In  1785,  the 
Methodifls  inftituted  a  college  at  Abing- 
ton,  in  Hartfoitl  county,  by  the  name 
of  Cokclbury  college* 

The  legiilature  of  this  State  is  com- 
pofed  of  two  ditthi£t  branches,  a  Senate 
and  Houfe  of  Delegates,  andftyied,  The 
General  Aflcmbly  of  Maryland.    On 


MAR  30$ 

the  fteond  Monday  in  Nofinbcr,  aa^ 
ally,  a  governor  is  app^tad  by  Um  joi|lk . 
baUot  of  both  hoofta.  The  fofcnNC 
cannot  continue  in  office  lonfer  than 
three  years  fticceffivdiy. 

Maryland  wm  granted  bv  fciiM^ 
Charles  I.  to  George  Calvert,  Muron  of 
Baltimore,  In  Irelanid,  |une  so,  t6|s. 
The  government  of  the  province  wuhf 
Charter,  veftcd  in  the  proprietary,  m 
the  year  1689,  the  govemnient  w»*  la- 
ken  out  of  the  hands  <tf  lord  BalHinoM». 
by  the  grand  convention  of  England  a 
and  in  1 69s,  Mr.  C<mely  was  ufointed 
governor,  by  commidiun  from  WilUaa^ 
and  Mary.  In  1 091,  the  Protcftant  re- 
ligion was  eftabiifiied  by  law.  Ill  i7i6» 
the  government  of  this  province  was  re« 
ftored  to  the  proprietary,  and  contiattM 
in  his  hands,  till  the  late  revolution* 
when,  though  a  minor,  hia  profieily  in 
the  lands  was  confifcatcd,  «i>d  the  fo- 
verhment  afliimed  by  the  freemen  of  the 
province,  who,  in  1776,  formed  th« 
conftitutien  now  exifting.  At  the  doih 
of  the  war,  Henry  Hufoid,  Efq.  iht 
natural  fon  and  heir  of  lord  Baltimon^ 
petitioned  the  legiflature  of  Mafyhnd» 
ibr  his  eftate{  but  his  petition  was  not 
granted.  Mr.  Harfenl  eftimated  his 
lofs  of  quit-nnts,  valued  at  iwen^ 
years  purchafe,  and  indtiding  arrears,  at 
/t59,488 1  5  t  0,  dollara  a  yfj  >  awl 
the  value  of  his  manors  and  referved 
lands,  at  ^3*7,441,  of  the  fame  money. 

Maryland  Point,  is  ^ormed  bv  a 
bend  in  Patowmac  river,  W.  of  Fort 
Tobacco. 

Mart,  St.  a  port  on  the  footh  fido 
of  thie  Bay  of  Fundy. 

MaryGi^,  St.  is  the  moft  firuth* 
rm  promontory  of  Brazil,  in  South* 
America. 

MhRy,  Cfipe  St.  the  point  of  land 
which  forms  ttus  ncnhem  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  La  Plata  river  in  Paraguay  or 
La  Plata,  in  South-America.  S.  lat. 
35.  14.  W.  long.  55.  3«i 

Mary,  Cape  St.  forma  the  Ibuth* 
eaftem  head  land  at  the  mouth  of  Pla- 
centia  Bay,  Newfoundland  Itland. 

MARY'a  RiV£R,  St.  a  branch  of  the 
Miami,  which  empties  into  Lake  Eric. 
See  Cirtys  tonun. 

Mary's  River,  ^t.  forma  a  part 
of  the  fouthern  boundary  line  of  ths 
United  States.  It  in  part  divides  Geor* 
gia  from  Eaft.  Florida,  and  ia  vsry  ereok- 
M,  with  a  wide  open  marftk  «a  csdi  fide. 


f^  itf  iQoutk  upwvd»  40  mUe«« 
D^iteM  tte  mum  it  tkniitltlted  by  thick 
^MOdl.  It  Is  W»W  Aliaight  iW  so  mil^t 
^h«ii',<(ptOifAMV,  kr.  Indian  traaer 
ikHht  heM  b^  ItaVig^oni  wliere  it  it 
like  a  dead  a-eck»  4  Tkthoma  deep,  and 
r|  rdds  %ide.     It  rifet  in  tlie  great 
OKaibnbkft    6t   fekanfanoga    fwamp> 
^tth  ettends  ^Uthwajdly  into  £aft- 
Floildii.    ]ft  ii  thought  to  be  whkt  it 
dtlled  \ilny  KVet,  dTrcovered  by  Jibn 
KibalV,  in  tsSi      Between  this,  and 
KiJfilo  tlter»  lies  the  W  even  coaft  of 
AAttlic  Iftand.    The  harbours  of  both 
rtven  U*  tpaciotili,  but  St.  "Mary's  is  the 
^1t.     tth^i^  ftA  of  wHter  at  low 
fbrtn^  riden .    Tt  fims  a  courfe  of  1 50 
miies,  ^d  tbiUrt  the  ocean  between  the 
ffiUXAi  Of  Amelift  and  Talbert's  iflands, 
ih  Att.  10.  44.  and  >*  navigable  for  vef- 
fttk  1^  tonmlerftbl^  burden  for  90  miles. 
Iti  ^Jdks  afford  IrRmenfe  quantities 
<i[  Ase  tirtibfer,  fuited  to  the  Weft- In. 
dhi  itfatket.    Alone  this  river,  every 
4  or  5  mffel,  are  b^ffs  convenient  for 
fC^s  tb  haol  ti6  and  load. 

MAiLV's,  St.  a  pott-town  and  port 
df  fcntry  of  Georgia,  fituated  on  St.  Ma. 
^*s  river,  a  fiew  miles  from  its  mouth. 
R  is  a  fmaA  place*  and  has  little  trade. 
It  is  t  »9  miles  Ibuth  of  Savannah.  N. 
I|t.  30,  45.  W.  long.  79.  x». 

MAftY*8,  St.  a  county  of  Maryland, 
tfi  the  peninfulabetyreen  Patowmac  and 
Patuxefit  rivers,  39  miles  in  length, 
atnd  IS  in  breadth.  It  contains  1 5,544 
ihhfe'bitantt }  of  whom  6,985  are 
Aaves. 

Mabanbtte,  Poititt  on  the  fouthem 
Mt  of  Chaleur  Bay,  Kes  about  W.  by 
N.  above  a  league  and  a  half  ^m  Ca- 
raguil  Tfland,  oetween  which  and  the 
illttid  runs  the  main  channel. 

Masco  MY*,  a  coniiderable  pond  in 
Nev^'Hampfhire,  in  the  fouth  Weftern 

Ert  of  Grafton  county,  lying  partly  in 
bimoh  and  paitly  in  Enfield  town- 
iitps.  Thjs  pond  is  from  30  to  40  fa- 
thoms deep.  The  lurrounding  land 
bears  evident  marks,  that  the  furtace  of 
this  pond  wad  onc6  30  or  40  fleet  higher 
'  than  its  prefent  level.  By  what  caufe 
Ate  Alteration  was  made,  and  at  what 
time,  is  unknown  $  bat  appearances  in. 
dicate  a  fudden  rupture,  there  being  no 
ftpi  of  any  mai^in  between  it«  former 
ind  prefent  height.  About  a  mite  dif- 
(ttnt  m>m  its  mtlift,  there  is  a  declivity 
4f  rtdkst  i^  fieet  higher  than  the  ftccam^ 


n  A  # 

ai  it  now  runs»  By  lk»  4iliMtio«  of 
thefe  rocks,  it  appcan  that  thdy  «Mre 
once  a  fall,  over  whifch  the  water  ilot^. 
ed)  butitiiatnewmadcforiticlfavery 
tletp  channel*  through  folid  earth,  near- 
Iv  a  mile  in  length,  where  it  leeHa»c«in* 
fined  for  futurity.  ^  , 

Masca  VTBNs,  an  Indian  nation  who 
inhabit  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  between 
that  and  the  Miflifippi.  The  number 
'dP  waiTiors,  400. 

Mashbct.    Set  Hancock's  Rivtr* 
Mason,  a  county  of  K*<ntucky,  on 
the  fouthem  fide  of  Ohio  river.   It  con> 
tains  3,a67  inhabitants*  of  wham  aoS 
are  flaws. 

Masok*  a  townflilp  in  Hillfborough 
county*  New>Hamplhire,  mi  the  MalUi- 
chufetts  line,  about  70  miles  weft  «f 
Portfmouth,  and  50  N.  W.  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  17(1*  and  con- 
tains 9SX  innnbitams. 

Mas<^b  Pocoha,  a  jurifdiAion  of 
Charcas  m  Peru*  extending  aboye  30 
leagues.  Its  air  is  hot*  but  not  too 
great  for  vine*.  The  city  of  the  fame 
name,  where  riie  bifhop  oSi  Santa  Craa 
de  la  .Sierra  refides,  is  wry  thiidy  inha> 
bited )  but  there  are  in  other  parts  of 
the  jurifdifUon,  feveral  populous  towns. 
It  produces  all  kinds  of  grain  and 
fhiits  I  honey  and  wax  conftitute  a  prin. 
cipal  part  of  its  trade. 

Masques,  or  Gbilques  and  Mafyuts, 
ajurifdiaionc^Ctifco,  an  Peru*  which 
begins  about  7  or  8  leagues  from  Cufce, 
extending  about  30  in  length.  See 
Cbilmust 

Massac,  a  fort  built  by  the  French, 
on  the  north-weftem  fide  of  the  Ohio* 
about  1 1  miles  txlow  the  mouth  of  Ten. 
neflee  river.  .Its  remains  fbind  on  a 
high  bank,  in  a  healthy  agreeable  fitu- 
at  ion. 

MASSACHUSETTS  Pref$r,  (which 
with  the  Diftrift  of  Maine  conftitutes) 
one  of  the  United  States  of  America,  is 
fituated  between  lat.4T.  13.  and  43.  5a. 
north,  and  between  bng.  69.  57.  afid 
7^.  38.  weft.  Its  greateft  length  is  190 
miles,  its  greateft  breailth  90  miles ;  and 
is  bounded  north  by  Vermont  and  New. 
Hampfhire*  call  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
(buth  bv  the  Atlantic,  Rhode -Idand  and 
Cotmeaicut*  weft  by  New- Vw  k .  Mai- 
fachufetts  is  divided  into  the  following 
counties,  whofe  polls,  proportion  <  f  the 
pubKc  taxofXtvOoo*  and  number  uf 

(snators  in  1791,  were  as  follows  1 

Folk. 


M  A$ 


o:  istull 
5 J   91   il>i 

6.1s:  SU 


«:    6:    5*     » 
50SI3110I    «« 


131 17 t 
3:    It 


S74»    SuJi)H(        ;C*98>(4>  9i 
4i4*    Norfolk  6S 1 17  i   3 

keiQ9§  Mid4krex  1041131  4i 
I39t»  IIani|»(hir«  iittiS:  o| 
i376»    WorccAitr      1*71   5: 

69 IS    Plymouth         591   91 

37  S9    ]Barnftabl<        »o 
763    Puke's  county 

si»T    &  Nantucket 

6547     BriAol  53:19:   6 

6165    Berkihirt         S«:    3:   3 

64S4    York  S9«   "«   9 

5713    Cumbcrlaad     43 

6349    Lincoln 

1967  Hancock 
493  Wafliington 
The  5  eountiea  of  the  Diftrtfl  of  Maine 
included  in  the  above)  belong  to  Mafla- 
chufetts.  The  town  of  Bofton  is  rated 
at  3)^31  poUsf  and !« to  pay  ^91 :  16 :  8| 
on  th.  ^1000.  From  the  above  Iche- 
duU)  fitme  opinion  may  be  formed  of 
the  fuppofcd  valueof  tlie  rateable  eftates 
in  each  county.  A  committe  of  the 
eeneral  court  itpytted  the  above  in 
June,  1793}  which  repoit  was  referred 
to  their  next  feffion.  The  population 
amounts  to  378,787  fouls*  about  60  for 
every  fquare  mile.  This  ia  the  only 
State  in  the;  Union  in  which  there  are  no 
ilaves.  Slavery  was  aboliflied  by  the 
legiflature  fome  years  ago.  The  weft- 
ern  part  of  this  State  is  foniewhat  moun- 
tainous and  hilly.  '  See  New  ttngland. 
Wachuliitt  mountain  in  Princetown> 
^Vorcefler  county,  is  2989  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  fea,  and  may  be  fecn  67 
miles.  InMaflachufetts  are  to  be  lound 
alt  the  varieties  of  foil,  from  very  good 
to  very  bad,  capable  of  yielding  all  the 
diiferent  produ^ions  common  to  the 
climate,  fuch  as  Indinn  corn,  rye,  wheat, 
harley«  oats,  hemp,  flax,  hops,  potatoes, 
field  beans,  and  peas,  apples,  pears, 
peaches,  plums,  cherries,  &c.  That 
part  of  the  State  whicii  is  diftinguifhed 
by  the  name  of  the  Old  or  Plymouth  Co- 
leayt  including  the  counties  of  fiarn- 
itahle,  Duke's,  Nantucket,  Briftol  and 
PIvtnouth,  in  point  of  foil,  is  the  poor- 
eft  part  of  the  State,  being  generally 
I'andy  and  light,  interfperfed,  however, 
with  many  excellent  tm&i  of  land. 
The  northern,  midiUe,  and  weftern  parts 
of  the  State  have,  generally  fpeaking,  a 
lirong,  ^ood  foil,  adapted  to  gi'azlng 
and  gram }   very  Giailar  to  the  foil  of 


m 


Nevr-HniiyOiirc  am}  V^nrnMQi 
(fde,  u4  to  tM  of  IMt-ManA  umI 
C^antAicvt  00  the  othwr.  IthwlNiW 
obferved  that  the  effii^a  <a(,ii^;itfg 
windff  extend  fartKir  )oiwid  d^Nft  %? 
meWy,  ami  injure  the  tender  firiutR,.|||f* 
ticularly  t^e  pcacb»and  even  thf.mfif 
hardy  uipk.  The^venife  produ^e^ 
the  good  lands,  MveU  cultiv^,  iHM-bt^ 
eftimatedas  follows  1  4^bt»(htl/i  9f,9am 
on  an  acre,  30  of  barley,  ao  oif  wJM^t^ 
30  of  rye,  100  of  |^toes.  Thf  1^^ 
commodities  of  thia  State  are  fii|i».])(^ 
lumber,  &c.  ,  ,  ^  ;j  ^^^ 

The  country  U  well  watered  bf  « 
number  of  fmall  rivers,  fome  of  ytViffk 
fill  into  Connecticut  river,  which  psdi^ 
foutherly  through  the  weft  part  m  ti^f 
State}  othirs  run  northward  to  Nfqnii 
mack  river,  which  enters  from  Neiv* 
Hamplhire  atul  waters  the  ncnth-ea^ 
comer  of  the  State;  others  pafi  jntQ 
Connecticut  and  Rhode- Ifland  f  Myfljidk 
and  Charles  rivers  fall  into  Bofton  iu^{ 
others  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Qcea»  ii| 
diiferent  parts  of  the  fea-.coaft,  Th« 
chief  capes  are  Ann*  Cod,  .Mahifa«ur| 
Poge,  Gay  Head,  &c.  The  raoft  noted 
bays  areMaftachjufetts,  tpfwich,  Boftrai^ 
Plvniouth,  Barnftable^  and  Buzaard*s, 
There  are  many  other  bayy  of  lefs  note* 
Tlie  chief  iflaods  are  Pl[un|b'J(iand| 
Nantucket,  Martha's  Vineyard,  BUfftr 
beth-I^ands,  and  ntunerous  fntall  iflea 
in  Bofton  &iy. 

The  chief  iron  manutaAures  in  thit 
Slate  are  defcribed  in  the  account  of 
Plymouth  and  Briftolcountiei,  and  tlieir 
towns  Taunton,  Bridgewater,  Mid^^ 
borough,  &c.  where  nalU  have,  bfaeii 
made  m  fuch  quantities  as  to  prevent,  in 
a  great  meafure,  die  importation  of  them 
from  Great-Britam.  Nail  making  was 
not  an  objeCl  of  confiderafble  attention^ 
tmtil  the  general  court  bid  a  duty  oa 
imported  nails  of  ev;.'ry  fize.  Tl^isioon 
"  gave  nerves  to  the  arm,  and  motion 
to  the  hammer ;  and  from  400.  to  500 
nails  indifferently  made  by  one  hand  in 
one  day,  looo  are  now  well  made  in  the 
Came  time."  The  machine  invented  by 
Caleb  Leach  of  Plymouth,  will  cut  and 
head  5,000  nails  in  a  day,  under  the 
direction  of  a  youth  of  cither  fex. 
There  is  a  machine  for  cutting  nails  aC 
Newbury-Port,  invented  by  Mr.  Jacob 
Perkins,  which  will  turn  out  Iwo  bufi' 
dred  tkoufand  nails  in  a  day.  The  nails 
ai'c  faid  to  have  a  decided  fuperlority 

U  a  owt 


)ot  MAS 

•Mr  ^fi»  of  Bii||ifli  imattAAure,  lad 
ire  Ibid  so  percent,  cheaper.  Thereaic 
dock  ninniraftoriee  at  BdAolk,  SaloUf 
Manrhill  and  8prin|;fieM,  which  are  ic 
apronifihgway.  Kuurafaftorietofcot. 
Mnand  #ooilen  have  been  attempted  with 
varkrat  fncceft  at  Beverley*  Worcefter, 
Boften  and  Newbury.  There  are  in  this 
(Biaie  upwards  of  ao  paper>iniIU)  which 
make  more  than  701000  reams  of  wri* 
ting  I  prtntingt  and  wrapping  paper,  an- 
liaa%.  It  wa«  eftimatcd  in  179a*  that 
/ao»c  JO  worth  of  paper  was  yearly  made 
by  thejie  mills.  The  other  manufaftories 
far  cotton  and  wod  cards,  playing  cards, 
flioeSi  hce,  wirei  &c.  are  noticM  under 
tiK  dcfcription  of  Bofton,  Lynn,  Ipfwich, 
Dsdham,  &e.  There  are  feveral  fiiufF, 
oil,  chocobteand  powder  nUUs  fat  differ- 
ent  parts  of  the  Sttte,  and  a  number  of 
iroQ-woiks  and  flitting-mills,  befides 
edier  mills,  in  cqmmon  u(e  for  fawing 
himberk  grbidlng  grain,3nd  f ullingcloth . 
Therewerein  i7j(i»  6xdiftilleries  in  this 
State,  employed  in  difttUing  from  foreign 
materials.  One  millit-in,  nine  hundred 
tlMnifinid  grilons  have  beendiftilled  in  one 
tear,  which  at  a  duty  of  1 1  cents  a  gal< 
lent  yields  a  revenue  to  the  government 
of  ao9,obo  dollars.  There  are  indeed 
few  articles  which  are  eflentially  neccf. 
fary,  and  minifter  to  the  comfort  aikl 
convenience  of  life,  that  are  not  manu- 
6Aured  in  this  ftate.  This  Common- 
wealth is  remarkable  fiar  its  literary, 
hiatiane  and  other  fiKieties,  vidiich  are 
noticed  in  their  proper  placet. 

The  militia  of^M aiTachuietts  is  com- 
pofed  of  all  the  able  bodied  white  male 
citiiens  from  it  to  45  years  of  aee,  ex- 
cq>ting  fhtnfi  the  enrolment«  withmthele 
ans,  dergy,  fchool-malters,  civil  officers 
of  importance,  either  Under  the  State  or 
federal  government,  and  alfo  thofe  who 
have  heM  any  military  ComLiifion  what- 
iiver  The  whole  is  formed  into  10  divi- 
(loni,and  »i  brigades,  Ittidcfnififtsof  8« 
rdghnenti  of  innntry ;  4!  troops  com- 
p^ng  IS  fquadrons  or  battalions  9f  ca- 
valry, and  36  companies  of  artillery,  ge- 
nerally two  to  each  brigade.  Thele^  to- 
gether, compole  a  body  of  about-||f>,o(:o 
infantry,  a, 006  cavalry,  and  1^*5^0  ar- 
tillery t  the  latter  are  himilhed  with  6e 
field-pieces,  and  with  tumbrils  and  ap- 
paratus complete.  This  State,  including 
the  Pldrjft  of  Maine,  owns  more  Unn  3 
times  as  many  tons  of  fhipping  as  any 
other  of  the  States,  and  mere  than  one 


MAS 

third  part  of  the  whole  that  bdongt  to 
the  united  States.  Upwards  of  89,000 
tons  are  employed  in  carryii^on  the  fidi- 
eries  |  46,000  in  the  coafhng  bufinefs* 
and  96,564  m  trading  with  afan^  all 
parts  of  the  workl.  Pot  andjpearl  afhes, 
flaves,  flax-feed,  bees  wax,  6e.  are  car- 
ried chiefly  to  Great- Britain,  in  remit- 
tance for  tneirmanufiiAures  { maftrtpro- 
vtfions,&c.  to  the Eaft- Indies}  fi<h,oil, 
beef,  pork,  lumber,  candles,  fee.  are  car- 
ried to  the  Weft-  Indies  (pr  their  produce, 
and  the  two  firft  articles,  fifh  and  oil,  to 
France,  Spain,  8e  Portunl )  roots,  vege- 
tables, fruits,  and  fmalimeats,  to  Nova- 
Scotia  and  New-Brunfwick }  hats,  fad- 
dlery,  cabinet-work,  men^s  and  women's 
fhoes,  nails,  tow-Cloth,  barley,  hops, 
butter,  cheefe,&c.  to  the  fimthemStates. 
The  value  of  exports  in  the  year  ending 
Sept.  30,  1 791,  was  a,445i975  dollars 
53cents~in  179a,  a,S89,9aa  dollars— 
>n  1793,  3,676,4i«doIlars,and  ini794 
~~5»3  80,70  3  dollars.  For  an  account  of 
the  climate,  ice.  fee  New-Eugland.  The 
chief  towns  of  this  State,  befides  Boftonji 
the  metropolis,  are  Salem  Newbury- 
Port,  Charleflown*  Worcefter,  North- 
ampton,  Springfield,  &c. 

Ma  ssach  vsktts,  Fortt  ftands  on  the 
north>weftem  comer  of  the  State  of  its 
name,  in  N.  Iat4a.  41.  30. 19  miles  N. 
E.  by  N.  of  Pittsfield,  and  todueE.of 
Lanftnburgh  city,  in  New- York  S*ate. 

Massachusetts  Ssmm/,  on  the  N. 
W.  coafl  of  North- America,  is  fituated 
on  the  fouthem  fide  of  the  Quadras  Ifles, 
and  leads  from  the  W.  into  Nootka 
Soimd  along  the  N.  fideof  Kenrick's  Ifl- 
and  whofe  eaftern  fide  forms,  with  Point 
Breakfaft,  the  mmith  of  Nootka  Sound. 

Massacre  River  pafles  out  of  the 
Straits  of  Maeellan  S.  W.  into  the  fup- 
poied  channel  of  St.  Barbara,  which 
cuts  through  the  ifland  of  Terra  del 
Fuego,  through  which,  we  are  inform- 
ed, Capt.  Mareanille  of  Marfeilles  pafl- 
ed  in  1713  into  the^uth  Pacific  Ocean. 

Massacre  Rivera  on  the  j^.  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  falls  into  the 
bay  of  Mamcenilla ;  which  fee. 

Massacre,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  Welt-Florida,  a  miles  to  the 
eaHward  of  Horn  Ifland)  10  miles 
from  the  main  land,  all  the  way  acrofs 
there  is  ft-gm  a  to  3  fathoms ;  except 
the  Shoal  called  La  Grami  Bature,  which 
ftrctches  a  league  from  the  main  land, 
with  a  or  3  feet  water  on  it,  and  in  ibme 

places 


MAT 

!»1«cet  not  fo  iMnch.  Behind  h  It  a 
trge  hXf  called  L*Ance  de  la  Orand 
Bature,  t  pnilea  K.  of  Pafcagoula  Bluff. 
See  DoMfUn  I/atul, 

MAssAFtTBRO,  an  tfland  in  tne  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  called  bv  the  Sp?  .iiard< 
the  Lefler  Juan  Fernandes,  aa  leagues 
W.  by  8.  of  the  Greater  Juan  Feiiian- 
det*  It  haa  always  been  reprefented  by 
the  Spaniards  as  a  barren  rock,  witliout 
wood,  water  or  provifKms.  But  Lord 
Anfon  found  this  to  be  a  political  fialfity, 
alTerted  to  prevent  hoflile  vefll-Is  from 
touching  there.  There  is  anchorage  on 
the  N  nde  in  deep  water,  where  a  ftiu 
l^le  (hip  may  be  flieltered  clofe  under 
the  fltore,  but  is  expufed  to  all  winds 
except  the  fouth.  According  to  Capt. 
Magee  of  the  fliip  Jefferfon,  it  is  38 
leagues  to  the  weftward  of  Juan  Fer- 
nandes, and  in  about  33.  39.  S.  lat.  and  ' 
St.  W.  long,  from  Greenwich. 

MAasANVTEN^s  Rwer,  a  weftem 
branch  of  the  Shenandoah. 

Massedan  Baj^t  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean)  and  W.  coaft  of  Mexico,  is  d- 
tuated  between  Acapuico  and  Aquacara, 
a  port  near  the  cape  of  California,  where 
Sir  Thomas  Cavendifh  lay  after  he  had 
paflTed  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 

Mase v's-To WN,  in  the  N.W.  Ter- 
ritory, ftands  on  the  northern  bank  of 
Ohio  river,  between  the  rivers  Little 
Miami  and  Sciota. 

Massy's  Cross  Roads^  in  Kent 
county,  Maryland,  is  N.  E.  of  New 
Market,  S.  E.  of  George-Town,  and  S. 
by  W.  of  SalTafraS'Town,  a  little  more 
than  5  miles  from  each. 

Mast  Bty,  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
illand  of  Jamaica,  in  the  N.  W.  part. 
It  is  eaftward  of  Montego  Bay,  and 
near  the  ihelf  of  rocks  that  lies  from  the 
iliore,  called  Catlings  Cliffs. 

Masticx  Gut,  on  the  S,  W.  fide 
of  the  iiland  of  St.  Chriftopher's  in  the 
W.  Indies,  is  between  Mohne's  Gut  00 
the  N.  W.  and  Godwin's  Gut  on  the 
ibuth<caft. 

Mastigon,  a  river  which  nms  weft- 
ward  into  LakeMichiean,  about  1 1  miles 
north  of  La  Grande  Riviere.  -  It  i&  150 
yards  wide  at  its  mouth.. 

Matai  PoMt,  on  the  northern  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  and  9  leagues  N. 
W,  ofCapeMaify. 

Mataca,  or  ittmtacat  is  a  commo- 
dious bay  on  the  N.  coaft  of  the  ifland 
9f  Cub»,  where  the  galleons  ufualty 


MAT 

come  to  take  in  frcfh  water  on  thel^  re* 
turn  to  Spain, about  it  leagues  finub'tiii 
Havannah.  It  appears  to  bv  tile  fmt 
as  Matanxe,  in  lat.  t}.  it.  N.  long.  tt. 
16.  W.  Peter  Heyn  todc  a  g|[eatpait  df 
a  rich  fleet  of  Spaniih'galwuiis  nere^t 
i6a7. 

Mataia,  a  province  of  8.  America* 
towards  the  river  Amaion,  between  tlfe 
motith  of  Madeira  and  Tapaiia  rivnrs. 

MataNca,  or  Matuuieirs,  a  fliortand 
broad  river  of  E.  Fforida  which  fisira  In- 
to the  ocean  fouth  of  St.  Augoftine. 

Matanchel,  a  fea-porton  the  weft 
coaft  of  New  Mexico,  aoout  to  leaguct 
to  the  N.  E.  of  the  rocks  of  Pontequet 
over  which,  in  clear  weather,  may  be 
feen  a  very  high  hill,  with  a  bfeak  oil 
the  top,ialled  the  hill  of  Xalifcoi  anft 
may  b^feen  8  or  i;  leagties  from  the  port* 

Matanb,  a  river  of  Canada,  m  Vf, 
Anierica,  the  motith  of  which  is  capa>. 
ble  of  admitting  veffels  of  tob  tons  bui^ 
den.  All  this  coaft,  efpecially  near 
this  river,  for  to  leaeues,  abounds  in  cod^ 
which  might  employ  500  fhallops  ot 
fiOiing  fmacks  at  a  time.  The  n(h  is 
very  fine,  and  fit  for  exportation  to  the 
Straits,  Spain,  and  the  Levant,  Great 
numbers  of  whales  have  been  alio  fesn 
floating  upon  the  water,  which  may  be 
ftruck  with  a  harpoon,  and  ^roVfs  a  very 
valuable  fifhery.  v 

Matanzas,  or  Matancf,  alari^bay 
on  the  noith  iide  ot  the  i(land  of  Cuba^ 
14.  league's  fourh-eaft  of  the  Havannah, 
but  Tome  accounts  lay  so  leagues.  From 
Cai>e  Q<*>banico  to  this  bay  the  coaft  is 
Wi  N.  W, 

Matavia  Bay,  or  Port  Royal  Bofy 
is  iltuated  within  Point  Venus  near  the 
N.  part  of  the  iHnnd  of  Otahcite,  hut 
open  to  tbe  N.  W.  and  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  eatt  fide  of  the  bay 
has  good  anchorage  in  14.  ami  16  ia- 
thorns.  S.  lat.  17.  29.  W.  long.  149. 
30.  and  the  vanution  of  th6  compafii  3* 
34..  eafl. 

Matchadock  Btrfy  ii>  the  ^aftera* 
moft  part  of  Lake  huron. 

Mathanon  Pc/*,  in  the  fouth-eaft 
part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  is  one  cf 
thofe  ports  un  that  coaft  which  aftbrd 
good  anchorage  for  fttips,  but  without 
any  ufe  for  want  of  them.  It  is  between 
Cape  Cruz  and  Cape  Maizi,  at  the  eaft 
end  of  the  ifland. 

Matheo  River,  in  E.  Florida,  w 
5/.  7«i&/fVi  which  fee. 

U  3  MATHEW9 


fid  MAT 

Matbiwb.  fyft,  ftamU  |Mp  tlM  oft. 
•mfid* of  Oconee  nvcri  in  tho  $.  tmft. 
^n^Mf^of  Fraaklm  county,  Ocorgw. 
■:  • /Mi*TH|Wt)  a  county  oiF  yirginiat 
>oiqiiim  W.  b]r  Glouccftcr,  from  which 
. j^  MM  uiun  iincc  1790 }  lying  00  the 
W.  inore  of  the  Bay  of  Chefapeak.  It 
,$l»i^l)(>ui  il  milcc  in  lengths  and  fix  in 
l^eadth. 

.  MAT<CAi.O|C  Rivtr,  on  the  W.  coaft 
ifil^w  Mexico,  ia  7  leagues  from  Ca- 
.t^^^rand,  or  the  port  of  Sanfonatc. 
It  i^  orach  exPoiiBd  to  nonhcrly  winda» 
%ixl  it  known  oy  feme  fmall  but  high 
]^1a  th«t  are  owofite,  tflk  it.  Then  is 
«norher  large  river  to  the  weftwanl  of 
it,  about  4  leagues,  which  has  %  fa- 
llioins  upon  the  bar )  and  from  thence  to 
IIm  bar  of  Eftapa  it  it  1 5  leagues. 
.  MATitDA,  a  village  of  Vuginia,  fi- 
tqated  pa  the  fouth>weft  bank  of  Patow- 
nac  river,  above  Walhington  city,  and 
near  the  Great  Falls. 
~  JJlikTiHicvt  j(/Uu$iltt  on  the  coaft  of 
|4«iiie<  When  you  pafs  to  the  weft  of 
tbefe  iflands,  the  main  pafl'age  from  the 
fea  to  Pcnobtcot  Bay  lies  about  N.  by 
W'  Martinicus  lies  N.  lat.  43.  56. 
W.  long.  68.  ao. 

n  Matta  de  BKAZit,  a  town  in  the 
captainlhip  of  Pernambuco,  in  Braxii ; 
•bout  9  leagues  from  Olinda.  It  is  very 
populous ',  and  quantities  of  Bi'aiil  are 
4fat  from  this  couniry  to  Europe. 

Mattapony,  a  navigable  river  of 
Virginia j. which  rifes  in  Spottiylvania 
county,  and  running  a  S.  £.  courle,  joins 
Pamunky  river,  below  the  town  of  De 
la  War,  and  together  form  York  river. 
Thi*  river  will  admit  loaded  floats  to 
downer's  Bridge,  70  miles  above  its 
mouth. 

Mattes,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  South- 
America,  in  the  fouth  Atlantic  Ocean, 
!i  iQ  Ut.  45.  5.  fouth,  and  long.  64. 15. 
weft, 

Mattneo  ^/UmJ,  St.  or  St,  Mat- 
tbrtui'j  I/land,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean. 
S.  kt.  1. 14. 

Matthevit's  Bayt  St.  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  on  the  W.  ihpre  of  Campearliy 
<*ulf,  is  more  than  100  leagues  to  the 
K.  of  Tumbei. 

Matthews,  St.  or  Mottheo  Bayt  on 
the  coaft  of  Peru,  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean,  is  6  leagues  to  the  N.  E.  by  E. 
from  Point  Galera,  and  5  or  6  leagues 
S.  S.  W.  from  the  river  Si^  Jago,  be. 
tween  which  there  is  anchorage  aU  the 


M  A  V 
way,  if  ^ips  keep  at  laaft:<  in  6^  Mioms 
watei .  It  is  all  high  htiA  with  hollow 
red  crags,  and  feveral  poiota  run  out, 
forming  good  retreats  for  ftiipa  driven 
in  by  h|ird  i^ualls  and  flawa  frof»  the 
hill^  and  by  the  f««s  nu^^g  bi^, 
which  often  hsppen. 

Mavoeiiville,  a  townftitp  in  Sup- 
bury  county,  province  of  New-Brunf- 
wick,  fituated  on  St.  John's  river,  op> 
uoftte  St.  Ann's,  and  30  mites  above 
Bellifle. 

MaUra.    See  Socittj  J/UmJs, 

Maurepas,  an  ifland  on  the  north* 
eaft  coaft  of  Lake  Su)ierior,  and  N.  £. 
of  Ponchartrain  ifland, 

Maurepas,  a  lake  in  W.  Florida, 
which  conuuunicates  weftward  with 
MiiHfippi  river,  through  the  Gut  of  Ib- 
bervilk,  and  eaftward  with  Lake  Pon- 
chartrain.  It  is  10  miles  long,  7  broad, 
and  has  10  or  i  a  feet  water  in  it.  The 
country  round  it  is  low,  and  covered 
with  cyprefs,  live-oak,  myrtle,  &c. 
Two  creeks  fall  into  this  lake,  one  from 
the  north  fide,  called  Nattabanie,  tm 
other  from  the  peninliila  of  Orleans. 
From  the  IbberviUe  at  its  junAion  with 
Maurepas  to  the  tiver  Amit  is  39  miles, 
and  from  thence,  following  the  Ibber- 
viUe, to  the  MiflSfippi  at  the  W.  fide  of 
the  peninfula  of  Orleans,  11  miles. 
From  the  Ibbcrville  acrofs  the  lake,  it  is 
7  miles  to  the  paflage  leading  to  Pon- 
chartrain. The  length  of  this  pai&ac 
is  7  miles,  and  only  300  yards  in  width, 
which  is  divided  into  two  branches  by 
an  ifland  that  extends  from  Maurepas 
to  about  the  diftance  of  a  mile  h'om 
Poncbarti'sin.  The  fouth  channel  is 
thedeepeft  and  fliurteft.  The  paflage 
thence  through  Lake  PoncharU:aiii,  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  above  fifty 
miles. 

Mavrepas  IJUmd,  mi  the  coaft  of 
Cape  Bi-eton,  the  lame  as  the  JJk  Ma- 
dame \  which  fee. 

Maurice  iloy,  on  th«  W..  fldc  of 
Cape  Farewell  Ifland,  or  S^  extremity 
of  £.  Greenland,  and  the  principal  har- 
bour of  that  Tea. 

Maurice,  Port,  on  the  E.  coaft  of 
Terra  del  Futgo  Ifland,  is  on  the  Vf, 
ftioi-e  of  Le  Maii-e  Straits,  between  that 
iOend  and  Staten  Land  on  the  E.  and 
N.  of  the  bay  of  Good  Success.  It  is 
'a  Cmali  cove,  having  apcherage  beibre 
it  in  laf  fathoms,  aboil  t  half  a  mile  from 
the  ihore,  ojifer  coral  .j;-ocIs^)^. 

Maurice 


AT 


r?' 


lA  i  c 


ff^ 


MAvmeiH^Hrt'itlicmmeofaplitee  lor  Amaxoni  Many  of  titein  iir9_  \ia^ 
in  Cumberland  cOanty,  Neww|erfty.         larffe  and  podufout.  / ' 


Mavricb  JIttMPri  mfoiineinaDttaHed 
corruptly  Mtrritt  ti^  in  Qlotieett«r 
county  I  New.Jerfty,  and  runs.  f«atl> 
wardly  about  40  mile*,  and  cfnptiM  into 
Delaware  Biy  j  is  navigable  for  Tefllth 
of  100  torn  ao  miiei,  ami  for  fmidl  craf^ 
confVlerably  fuither. 

Maxantalla  I/UriU,  ia  near  the 
port  of  Matanchel  on  the  W.  C9*ft  of 
New-Mexico,  and  on  the  north  Pacific 
Ocean. 

May,  Ca^,  themoftfbuiherlypohit 
of  land  of  the  State  of  New-Jerf«^,  and 
the  N.  point  of  tite  entrance  into  Dela- 
Wrare  Bay  and  river,  in  lut.  39.  and 
long.  74.  56.  W.    The  time  of  high 
water  on  fprins^-tide  days,  is  a  quarter 
before  nine  o'eloclc. 
'  May  County,  CW/*.    See  Ctfpe, 
May  Point,  on  the  fouth  fide  of 
.  Newfoundland  lAand,  a  point  of  the  pe- 
ninfula  between  Fortune  and  Plactiitia 
Bays.         '.  ■•;••.>.■■■ 

Mayaguana,  one  of  the  Bahama 
{(lands  in  the  Weft-Indies,  and  the  fame 
with  Maranella»  and  in  lat.  as.  51.  N. 
at  the  N.  point,  ami  long.  74.  57.  W. 

MAYrxELO,  atQwn(hi|p  in  Montgo- 
mery co.  New- York,  adjoinhig  Broad - 
abin  on  the  vircftwani,  taken  fromCaugh  - 
nawaga,  and  incorporated  in  1793.'  In 
1796,  ia6  of  its  inhabitahta  were  qua- 
lified cldRors. 

May's  Lid,  in  Mafon's  county,  Ken- 
tucky, a  fait  fpringon  a  branch  ot  Lick- 
ing river,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Walhing- 
ton,  on  the  fouth  bank  of  the  Ohio,  and 
15  northerly  of  the  Blue  Licks. 

Maynas,  a  government,  formerly 
the  eaftem  limit  of  the  juriidiftion  of 
Quito  in  Pera,  and  joining  on  the  eaft  to 
the  governments  of  Quixos  and  Jaen  de 
Braeamoros.  In  its  territory  are  the 
fourecs  of  thofe  rivera,  which  after  tra- 
verfing  a  vaft  extent,  form,  by  their  con 
iluence,  the  famous  river  of  the  Ama- 


Mayo  R$1kr^  <m  thfe  eaft  flimt  of  t|i» 
Gulf  of  California,  and  Wt^  codl'W 
New  Vlfbay,  hi  the  toiovince.of  tfkl^ 
naroe«  forms  a  fpaciquS  Dty  «tlts;  i|iga(V» 
in  lat.  s7. 4d.Vt.  and  l^nlf;  114.  W. 

Ma YZi,  the  eaftem  ctft  tf  the'ttteMA 
of  Cuba,  and  the  weftrrn  point  of  tl^ 
windv^ard  paflage.  N.  lat,  zq,  1^40. 
W.  l<mg.  fironi  Paris  78;  40*  ^6.'  St» 
Math.  *•>-,/     '      ' 

MaXaltan>  a provltic^of  Me^co* 
or  New  Spam.  ItisweH  wat«W!dHtM 
Alvarado,  which  dilbl^^rgei  itfrlf  %  3 
navigable  mouths,  a\  30  miles  dift^ce 
from  Vera  Cruz. 

MsADO^ra,  afmalt  rtvei*  tftAich  f^))f 
into  Cafbo  Bay,  in  theDiftrij^'of  Maij]||, 

Meads,  a  place  fituated  oft  a  (WV|rir 
French  Creek  j  a  branch  of  tlie  AIle|^^^ 
ny,  in  Pennfylvania.  N.  ktf*!*  3^» 
and  about  a  3  nailcs  N.W.  ofFqitTrfiAlb' 
lin,  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek.  . - 

MbcaTina,  Grtat,  Point  of,  oii'ltl^ 
fouth  coaft  of  Labrador,  and  \he^  nbifl^ 
(here  of  the  Gulf  of  St,  Lawrence^  .gi 
N.  America.  N.  lat.  50.  4a.  W.  l(^j|. 

59-  '3-  ■.  ''.'.^..t 

MecATiNA  f/lainit  £ilr//^  on  the 
fame  coaft  and  fliore,  lies  fouth- wfft  .gf 
Great  Mecatina.     N^  lat.  50.  3^.     ,. 

^  MeCHOaCAN,  a  province  in  the'«u- 
dience  of  Mexico,  in  North- A.mert(% 
bounded  north  bvpart  of  P;»i)uco  a^ 
the  provinces  of  Zacatecas  and  G^iuTfl- 
lajara,  eaft  by  another  part  of  I'amico 
and  Mexico  r roper,  fouth  by  the  latjia: 
and  the  South  Sea,  which  together  wi4 
Xalifco,  bound  it  aUb  on  the  weft  and 
north-weft.  It  ext^cnds  70  leaguap 
along  the  coaft,  and  ftUi  farther  inland. 
The  climate  is  good,  and  the. ibU  re- 
markably fruitfuT.  There  are  here  mioe^ 
of  filver,  and  a  few  of  gold  and  copper. 
Among  its  numerous  produflions  axe 
mechoacanroot,  feveral  odorife. 
gums  and  balfams,   farfyparilla* 


cocoa, 
rous 


fons.     It  is  fcparated  from  the  polfef-  i  ambergris,  vanilla,  caflta,  &c,  Mcchor 
fions  of  the  Portugwefe,  by  the  famousi  1  acan  was  formerly  a  kingdom,  but  the 


line  of  demarcation,  or  the  boundary  of 
thofe  countries  belonging  to  Spain  and 
Pottugal.  Its  cauital  is  San  Francifbo 
de  Boiia,  the  refidence  of  the  gover- 
nor, but  the  Superior  refides  at  San- 
tiago de  la  Laguna.  There  are  feveral 
minions  in*  the  government  of  Maynas, 
and  diocefe  of  Qu^ito,  particularly  11  on 
thf  rivfr  Na^,  and  34-  01%  Che  Maranon 


hi 


Spaniards  have  reduced  it  to  a  hiihopf 
rick,  in  which  are  about  aoo  towns  k^ 
civilized  natives.  The  greateft  part  of 
the  trade  of  this  province  is  carried  on 
by  land^  there  being  hardly  any  fea- 
ports  deierving  that  name. 

Mechoacan,  an  Epifcopal  city  and 
capital  of  the  province  of  iti^  name,  fitu- 
ated on  large  river,  wd/ftoccd  with 

U  4  fijh, 


SM  M  S  D 

ifll,  Mw  thcwii  6de  of  •  hke»  ibout 
IM  milM  wtft  of  Mexico.  It  it  a  laifi 
MiM»  tMmog  «  &M  cathedrd  and  hand- 
WM  hooAa  bekNigiii||  to  rich  Spaniaida* 
mho  'itffk  vam  filv«r  minea  at  Guanaxoa- 
tf.  or  Ouaxafiata. 

MICICI.IIIBVIIO,  a  county  of  Vir- 
|dmat  botmdcd  fouth  by  the  State  of  N. 
Carolina.  It  contaim  >4»7$3  inhabi- 
tantti  of  whom  67<»  are  0ave«. 

MicicttiiBVRO,a  countv  ofNorth- 
Carolina,  in  SaliAury  diftrift,  bounded 
fimth  by  the  State  or  8.  Carolina.  It 
containa  i\»%iS  iMhabitinta*  of  whom 
«6e|  are  flmi.  Chief  town,  Charlotte. 

MBcewBAMitM,  a  lake  in  N.  Ame- 
rica, In  49.  N.  lat. 

MBDrili:.D»  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk 
«o»nty»  Mafladiufctte,  so  milea  Ibuth- 
vpidlcny  of  Bottom  It  was  incorpo- 
rated fai  sifOi  and  contains  731  inbaoi- 
tanta. 

M  BoroRD,  a  pleaTant,  thriving,  com- 
paA  town  in  Midldlefcx  county,  Mafla* 
c)ittfiettS|  4  miles  north  of  Boilon,  fitu- 
Btcd  on  Myftick  river,  i  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Here  are  fevci'al  diftillericfe  sxA 
brick-works  which  give  employment  to 
II  conudcnd>le  number  ^  pcopK*  The 
river  is  navigable  for  imall  veflels  to  this 
l^ace.  The  tpwnlhip  was  incorporated 
n  tiiie,  and  contains  1019  inhabitants, 
who  are  noted  for  their  induftry. 

MB0OCTV,  a  felftlement  in  New- 
BrunlWtck,  Htuated  on  the  weft  fide  of 
St.  John's  river,  35  miles  above  St. 
Anna. 

Mbdobosta,  a  lake  in  the  north 
yart  of  the  OiftriA  of  Maine,  whoTe 
northern  point  is  within  t  miles  of  the 
Canada  Une,  in  lat.  47.  56.  and  long. 
<t*  aa.  W.  It  gives  rife  to  Spey  river, 
which  runs  S.S.E.  into  St.  John's  river. 

Mbovhcook,  a  planution  in  Lin- 
cefai  county,  DiftriA  of  Maine,  ajo 
niks  from  Bofton,  having  3aa  inhabi- 
tants. 

Mbdway,  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk 
county,  Maffitchufetts,  bounded  eaft 
and  fouth  by  Charles  river,  which  fepa- 
rates  it  from  Medfield,  and  of  which  it 
was  a  part  until  1713.  It  has  two  pa- 
riflKS  of  Congregatidnalifts,  and  contains 
S035  inhabitants.  It  is  %$  miles  fouth- 
weft  of  Bofton,  on  the  middle  poft-road 
from  thence  to  Hartford. 

Medway,  or  Midwttft  a  fettlement 
i  Liberycounty,Geonria,  formed  by 
emigrants  from  Oorchettcr  in  S..CarB- 


MEM 

Urn,  about  the  year  1 7501  and  whoA  an- 
cefters  migratra  fiom  Oerchefter  and 
the  vicinity  of  Bofton  about  the  year 
1700.  A  handfiiroe  Congr^tional 
meeting-houfe,  belonging  to  this  fettle- 
ment, was  burnt  by  the  Britiflt  during 
the  war,  and  thefrtUcment  wasdeftroy- 
ed.  It  has  fince  recovered,  in  a  conn- 
derable  degree,  its  former  importance. 
Medway  is  sopiUes  fouth  of  Savannah, 
and  9  weft  of  Sunbury. 

KtKbssbnsbvro,  a  tow<i  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  York  county,  on  Tom's  Creek, 
4omUesW.S.W.ofYork. 

Mbhbbrin,  a  principal  branch  of 
Chowan  river,  in  N.  Carolina,  which 
rifes  in  Charlotte  county,  Virginia,  and 
running  an  eaft  by  fouth  courfe,  unites 
with  the  Nottaway  about  7  miles  fouth 
of  the  Virginia  line.  See  Cbawam  Rivtr* 

Melaqub  Port,  on  the  weft  coalt 
of  New- Mexico,  is  to  the  north-weft  of 
Port  Natividad,  or  Nativity,  and  near  3 
leagues  at  fouth-eaft  from  a  row  of  4  or 
Siiocks,  or  naked  iflands  above  water,  in 
the  direAion  of  north-weft.  This  por^ 
is  land-locked  againft  all  winds  from  the 
north-weft  to  the  fouth-weft. 

Mela,  or  Jlfo/W,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru 
in  S.  America,  lies  between  Canetteand 
Chilca.  It  is  xthree  leagues  from  Afia 
Ifland,  whofe  latitude  is  about  13.  6.  S. 

Mela WASCA,  a  French  fettlnnentof 
about  70  families,  feduded  in  a  lingular 
manner  from  the  reft  of  mankind,  uf 
the  nonh-eattem  part  of  the  DiftriA  of 
Maine.  Thefe  people  are  Roman  Ca- 
tholics, and  are  induftrious,  humane, 
and  hofpiuble. 

Mblbtbcvnk  RpvtTf  in  Monmouth 
connty,  New-Jerfey,  falls  eaftwaixl  into 
Beaver  Dam,  which  is  at  the  head  of 
the  bay  which  ia  north  of  Cranberry 
New  Inlet. 

Mblford's  Placet  on  Tallapoofee 
river,  in  the  weftem  part  of  Geoi^gia,  is 
feparated  from  fome  Indians  towns  by 
that  river,  a  confiderable  dillance  from 
its  mouth. 

Mbmoroncok,  a  ftream^  a  little 
weft  of  Byram  river.  Douelafs  fays 
the  MU-tition  line  between  New- York 
and  ConneAicut,  as  fettled  Dec.  1,1 664, 
ran  from  the  mouth  of  this  river  N.  N. 
W.  and  was  the  ancient  limits  of  New. 
York,  until  Nov.  %\,  1683,  when  the 
line  was  run  nearly  the  iamt  as  it  is  now 
fettled. 

Memory  Rocct,  anongft  the  Ba. 

hams 


M  E  K 

hkma  IflMidt,  are  in  bt.  17.  so.  N.  anJ 
long.  79. 4©«  W. 

Mbmfhremagog,  a  lake  chiefly  in 
the  province  of  Canada,  40  miles  in 
length  from  north  to  fouth,  and  «  or 
S  wide  iironn  eaft  to  weft.  The  north 
line  of  Vermont  ftate  ^afles  over  the 
fouth  part  of  the  lake  in  45.  N.  lat. 
Memphremagog,  which  hat  communi- 
cation, by  the  river  St.  Francis,  wirh 
St.  Lawrence  river,  is  the  refervoir  of  3 
conilderableftreams,  viz.  Black,  Barton, 
and  Clyde  rivers,  which  rife  in  Vermont. 
The  foil  on  its  banks  is  rich,  and  the 
country  round  it  is  level.  See  Fermont, 
Sec. 

Mbmramcook  Ith/er  has  been  re- 
commended 88  the  mott  proper  bonnda-< 
ly  between  the  province  of  New-Brunf- 
wick  and  Nova-Scotia.  It  lies  a  little 
to  the  eaftward  of  Petitcodiak,  and 
takes  a  noith-eafterly  direction. 

Mbnadou  Baj,  or  PanaJou,  is  a 
leagties  from  Port  Balene,  or  Port  Nove, 
on  the  coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  at 
the  fouth  part  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lav<r- 
rence,  havmg  the  ifland  c'Scatari,  here- 
tofore called  Little  Cape  Breton,  oppu- 
fite  to  it. 

Menbham,  a  townfliip  in  Moiris 
county.  New- Jerfey,  3  miles  north-weft- 
erly  of  VeaUtown,  and  6  weftofMor- 
riftown. 

Mbndocin,  a  cape  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  America,  and  N.  Pacific  ocean. 
N.  lat.  4t.  ao.  W.  long.  130.  5. 

Mbndon,  a  poft-town  in  Worcefter 
county,  Mafihchufetts,  37  miles  fouth- 
weft  of  Bofton,  and  31  north  eaft  of 
Pomfret  in  Conne£iicut.  This  town- 
ftiip  called  S^n/bi^ge  by  the  Indians, 
was  incorporated  in  1667,  and  contains 
s  congregational  parifties,  a  ibciety  of 
Friends,  and  1555  inhabitants.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  Ibuth  by  the  ftate  of 
Rhodc-Ifland.  It  is  watered  by  Charles 
and  Mill  rivers,  and  othei"  fmall  ftreams, 
which  firrve  5  grift-mills,  z  faw-mills, 
7,  clothier's  works,  and  a  forge.  There 
are  3  hills  here,  viz  Caleb's,  Wigwam, 
and  Miftcee,  from  either  of  which  may 
he  feen,  in  a  clear  day,  the  4  New-Eng- 
land States. 

Mendoza,  a  jurifdiftion  in  Chili,  in 
S.  America.  It  has  a  town  of  the  fame 
name,  and  lies  on  the  eaft-fide  of  the 
Cordillera,  about  50  leagues  from  San- 
tlaeo,  in  a  plain  adorned  with  gardens, 
well  fupplied  with  water  by  racans  of 


canals.  The  town  eontaini  Jboot  to* 
families,  half  Spaniards  and  the  iMte 
half  cafts,  together*^  a  t^XkpfomU. 
ed  by  the  Jefuita^  a  parochial  chtntli* 
and  3  convents.  In  the  jurifdiftion  ire 
alfo  the  towns  of  St.  Juan  d«  la  Pipi* 
rera,  fituated  on  the  eaft  of  tht  Cofdil* 
lera,  and  about  30  leaptiea  north  off 
Mendozaj  and  St.  Louis  de  Lojrohi 
about  50  eaft  of  Mendoza;  the  latter l« 
very  fmall,  but  has  a  pariih  chvrch» 
a  Dominican  convent,  and  a  college 
founded  by  the  JeAiits. 

Mbndoz  A,  a  river  which  rlfes  in  tlie 
Cordillera  of  the  Andes  in  S.  Articrica. 
Over  this  river  is  a  natural  bridge  of 
rocks  fi-om  the  vaults  of  which  oanf 
feveral  pieces  of  ftone  refembling  (kit, 
which  congeal  like  ificles,  as  the  water 
drops  from  the  rock.  This  bridge  is 
broad  enough  for  3  or  4  carts  to  paft 
a-breaft.  Near  this  is  another  briagiek 
called  the  bridge  of  Incas,  betwixt  two 
rocks ;  and  "  fo  very  high  from  the 
river,  that  the  ftream,  which  nms  witJl 
great  rapidity,  cannot  be  heard." 

Memchlick  Lakct  in  the  north* 
weft  part  of  N.  America,  lies  in  lat. 
61.  N.  long.  105.  W.  N.  of  this  b 
Lake  Dobount. 

MtNiOLAGOMEKAH,  a  Moraviail 
fcttlement  E.  of  the  Great  Swamp,  at 
the  head  of  Lehigh  river  in  Pennlylva- 
nia,  about  33  miles  N.  W.  by  N.  <^ 
Bethlehem. 

MtNOLOPEN,  avwalthy  and  jdea- 
faric  fanning  fettlement,  in  Monmoutk 
county.  New- Jerfey  5  making  a  part  of 
a  rich  glade  of  land,  extending  from  the 
(ea,  wcftward  to  Delaware  river.  It  is 
18  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Princeton. 

MERASHEEN^rfliyin.Placenthbaye 
Newfoundland  liland. 

Mercer,  a 'county  of  Kentucky, 
adjoining  Woodford,  Shelby,  and  Madi- 
iM  counties.  Harodiburgh  is  the  chief 
town. 

Mercersborovgh,  a  village  <xF 
Pennlylvania,  S.  E.  of  North  Moun- 
tain, and  about  1 3  miles  S.  VIT.  of 
Chamberft)urgh. 

Mercer's  Creeiy  in  the  N.  E.  part 
of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  In> 
dies,  is  a  pretty  deep  inlet  of  the  coaft, 
the  entrance  to  which  is  between  thcp 
iflands  of  Codrlngton,  Crumps,  or  Pe- 
lican. Lavicoimt's  Ifland  is  a  fmall 
idand  alfo  within  it  towards  the  fouth 
fliorej  and  in  the  fouth>weft  part  of 

it 


SH  M  E  R 

il  k  W§tkf9  Bfty,  M  tht  mootb  oft 

fiftr. 

M»RC«ANT*t  GMVMiay  f/nrf » with- 
i»  tlMlnrbQurof  Port  -Royal  in  Jamaica, 
on  tlw  N.  fidt  of  the  long  pcninAila. 
Along  tbta  murrow  Hip  of  beach  is  the 
«ply  way  10  pafa  by  land  to  Port  Royal, 
mr  9  or  so  nsilea,  the  carci-ning  place 
being  aimoft  at  hiidway,  but  fomewhat 
naarBi'  to  the  cad  end  of  the  peninfula. 

MttCY,  Caft  rfOtits,  the  moft 
Ibothcrly  point  of  Cumberland^  Ifland, 
on  the  N.  <Ue  of  Ciimberlaild*t  Straits, 
Milat.  about  66.  N.  and  hai  CapeWal- 
fingham  on  it»  N.  £.  and  Exeter  Sound 
cm  ita  ndtth, 

Mbkbpitm,  C«/^,  among  the  Falk- 
lasd  Idanda  in  the  b.  Atlantic  Ocean, 
ia  between  Port  Stephen's  ami  Cape  Or- 
ford. 

Mbhedith,  a  townfhip  in  Strafford 
coanty,  New  Hnmplhire,  fituattd  on 
the  S.  W.  fnle  of  Lake  Winrfipifeo^e, 
ij  miles  N.- of  Gilmantown,  9  S.  E.  of 
]Plymouth,and  70  N.W.ofPortfmouth. 
*It  was  incorporated  in  1768.  In  1775, 
it  contained  159,  and  in  1790,  881  in- 
habitants. It  was  firft  called  New-Sa- 
|tm. 

Mbrida,  the  capital  of  Yucatan,  in 
riie  audience  of  Mexico,  in  N.  Ame- 
rica. It  lies  near  the  N.  fide  of  the  pro- 
vince, between  the  gulfs  of  Mexico  and 
llondui-as  ;  4.^  miles  S.  of  the  oceitn, 
ami  13s  N.  E.  of  the  city  of  Cam- 
peachy,  N.  lat.  »i.  3S.  W.  long.  90. 
S6. 

Ms  RID  A,  a  town  of  New  Granada, 
in  S.  America,  fituated  near  the  limits 
which  divide  the  province  from  Vene- 
soela.  The  ibil  round  this  place  abound ^ 
with  fruit  of  all  forts,  and  there  are  gold 
mines  near  it.  It  is  about  54.  miles 
from  Lake  M.-racabo,^  1 30  N.  E.  of 
Pampeluna,  and  260  N.E.  of  St.  Fe. 
The  inhabitantc  fend  tiitir  fruit  and  mer- 
chandize to  Tnixillo.  N.  lat.  8.  30.  W. 
long.  7x. 

Mbrim,  a  large  lake  in  Paraguay  in 
S.  America,  very  near  the-coaft"  of  the 
S.  Atlantic  Ocean,  where  tlfb  land  is 
vciy  flat.  Fort  St.  Miguel  ftands  at 
the  S.  end,  and  Fort  Mangaveira  at  its 
iwrth-caftem  extremity.  There  is  a 
veiy  narrow  lake,  parallel  to  Lake  Me- 
rtam  between  it  and  the  ocean,  an4 
nearly  a«  long.  The  foits  command 
tht  extremities  of  the  peninfula. 

MEBi¥tc,  or  Mflr«m^,  a  iargerI• 


M  E  It 

vcr  of  Lonifianar  which  emjptics  into  Hm 
Miflifippiy  below  the  moutn  of  the  Mif. 
iburi,  and  50  miles  above  the  ftttlemcnt 
of  Genevieve.  Fine  meadow*  lit  bt* 
tween  this  and  the  Miilburi.         > 

Merion,  Uff*r  and  Ltivtr,  two 
townlhips  in  Montgomery  county,  Pena- 
fylvania. 

Mkro  District,  in  the  State  of 
Teiinrifee,  on  the  banks  of  Cumberland 
river.  It  consprrhends  the  cotmties  of 
Davidfon,  Sumner,  and  TenneflTee.  In 
1790  it  contained  7,04s  inhabitants, 
including  1,151  davcs.  By  the  State 
cenfus  o(  1795  there  were  14,390,  of 
which  number  2,466  were  flaves. 

Mero  Point,  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean  and  coaft  of  Peru,  between  Cape 
Blanco  on  the  S.  W.  and  Tumhez  river 
to  the  N.  C  on  the  S.  £.  fideof  Guaya- 
quil  bay,  in  lat.  3.  40.  S.  The  conft 
at  the  point  of  Mero  is  low  anii  flat, 
but  the  country  within  is  high  and  moun» 
tainous. 

Merrimack  Rivert  has  its  covrft 
foutherly  through  the  State  oi  Newi 
Hampfhirc,  till  it  enters  Maflkchufetts-i 
it  then  turns  eafterly,  and  paflTes  into  the 
ocean  at  Ncwbwry-Port.  This  river  is 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  Pemigewal- 
fet  and  Winnipil'eogce  rivers,  in  about 
lat-  43.  a6.  This  river  is  navigable  for 
veflels  of  burden  about  20  miles  from 
its  mouth,  where  it  is  obflru6ted  by 
the  flrft  fails  or  rapids,  called  Mitcheir* 
Eddy,  between  Bradford  and  Haverhill. 
Vaft  quantities  of  fliip-timber,  and  va-  ■ 
rious  kinds  of  liunber  are  brought  down 
in  rafts,  fo  conftru6fsd  as  to  pus  ail  the 
falls  in  the  river  except  thofe  of  Atnuf- 
keag  and  Pawtucket.  In  the  fprinj^  and 
liiminer,  confiderable  quantities  of  faU 
nioH,  (had  and  a!*wives  are  canght, 
which  are  either  ufed  as  bait  in  the  cod- 
f  (hery,  or  pickled,  and  '(hipped  to  the 
Weft-  Indies.  As  many  as  6  or  7  bridges 
have  been  thrown  over  this  (ine  river 
at  difterent  diftances,  fipm  New-Cqn- 
cord,  downwards;  tlie  moft  elegant  and 
expenfive  are  the  one  two  miles  above 
Newbury- Port,  and  thf  one  at  Haver- 
hill. A  canal  is  now  in  procefs  to  open 
a  communication  between  the  waters  of 
the  Merrimack  at  Chelmsford  and  the 
hartwur  of  Bo(ton,  throuofa  Myftick 
river.  See  MuUUfeit  Canal.  The  bar 
acrofs  the  mouth  of  this  river  is  a  very 
great  incumbrance  to  navigation,  and  is 
eiptcially  tcmble  to  ft;*ang«rs.    Thei« 

arq 


M  E8 

Itie  i(  fcit  of  wftur  upon  it  at  common  | 
tidN.  TIm^  are  two  Jiglit*hou(e«  of  I 
wood  rcniovfablc  at  pleafurci  according 
to  the  flufting  of  the  bar.  'tlic  lights 
now  bear  E.  |N.  and  W^  is*  Bruig. 
iiig  both  the  liglit-houfen  to  bear  into 
one*  until  you  are  a-breaft  of  the  lower 
onot  will  bring  you  in  over  the  bar  in 
the  deepeft  water}  whirr  i«  a  bold 
^or«  and  good  anchoring  ground.  The 
ii.  point  of  Plumb-IAaiid  which  forma 
the  S.  fide  of  ihe  entrance  into  the  ri- 
ver, lies  in  lat.  4i>  47*  40* 

lyiBRRiM/iCK,  a  townfltip  in  Hillflio- 
rough  county,  New»Hampdiire,  Atuated 
on  the  fuuth  fide  of  Souhegan  river, 
which  runs  eaftwatd  into  the  Merri- 
mack. It  is  55  miles  wefterly  of 
Portl'mouth,  was  incorporated  in  1 746, 
and  contains  819  inhabitants. 

Merrimichi  River  falls  Into  the 
head  of  a  bay  of  that  name  on  the  N. 
E.  coaft  of  the  province  of  New-Brunf- 
wlck.  A  little  ahvve  its  confluence 
with  the  bay,  it  forms  into  two  branches, 
and  runs  through  a  fertile  tnSk  of  cjioice 
intervale  land ;  and  tlw:  land  is,  in  gene- 
ral, well  cluathed  with  timber  of  all 
kiads.  From  this  river  there  is  a  com- 
munication with  St.  John's,  partly  by 
land,  but  principally  by  water  carriage 
in  canoes.  Tlic  faimon  fifliery  is  carried 
on  with  fuccefs,  and  the  cod  fiihery  is 
improving  near  the  entrance  of  the  bay. 

Merryconeag.    Stt  Harpfwell, 
;    Merry  Meeting  Bay,  in  Straflbrd 
county,  New-Hampfhire,  is  the  fouth- 
eafternmoft  arm  of  Lake  Winnipifcogee. 
Mount  Major  Itands  on  its  welt  Hde. 

MERRY-MEETING^tf)',  in  the  Dif- 
tri^  of  Maine,  is  formed  by  the  jun£lion 
of  Androfcoggin  and  Kennebcck  rivers, 
oppolite  to  the  town  of  Woolwich,  20 
miles  from  the  foa.  Formerly,  trom 
this  bay  to  the  Tea,  the  confluent  Itream 
was  called  Sngadahock.  The  lands 
here  are  good.  Steven's  river  heads 
within  a  mile  of  the  bay,  and  a  canal  has 
lately  been  opened  which  unites  thetc 
waters.  A  company  has  been  incorpo- 
rated to  build  a  bi  idge  over  Androscog- 
gin river,  at  its  entrance  into  the  bay, 
to  connect  the  towns  of  Brunfwick  and 
Topfliam  i  the  former  on  its  fouthern 
fide,  tjie  latter  on  its  northern  fide. 

Mertequs,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Honduras  in  New-Spain,  which  pro- 
duces the  cochineal. 

Mesa,  Iq,  the  ifouthern^iolit  of  4 


M  E  X  SIS 

idea  in  the  Pacific  Oeem,  near  to  «mIi 
other,  and  E.  of  the  Sandwich  lilep. 
N.  lat.  19,  W.  long.  i%j,  %o, 

MsasASAOvis,  Indiana  inhabiting 
between  Lakca  Superior  and  Huron. 
They  hare  about  1,500  warriors. 

MEKsgRiiBURo,  a  town  in  Franklhi 
county,  Pennfytvania,  16  miles  S.  W. 
of  Chamberlburgh,  and  168.  W.  by  &. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Messillqnes,  or  Mu/cU  Bay,  <m 
the  coalt  of  Chili  or  Peru,  in  S.  Anw.> 
rica,  is  18  leagues  N.  by  E.  ofMor- 
renas  bay,  and  5.  S.  by  W.  of  Atacania. 
It  is  properly  within  the  hay  of  Atacama, 
and  is  lo  deep  on  the  S.  fide  that  theic 
is  no  foundings )  but  at  the  entrance  or 
anchoring- place  it  is  moderate,  and  fliipa 
mav  ride  in  1 5  fathoms,  clean  ground^ 
andfecured  from  moft  winds. 

Me  ST  re  Bay,  Little,  on  the  N.  B> 
part  of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  fouth- 
ward  of  St.  Julian,  and  N.  by  W.  of 
the  iflands  Gros  and  Belle. 

Mesvckama  Lake,  in  the  N.  pact 
of  N.  America.    N.  lat.  50.  10.  \IU 

long.    80.  ; 

METCHlGAMiAs,a]ongnarrow].ike^ 
or  :-ath<*r  dilation  of  the  northern  branch 
of  the  rivtt'  St.  Francis,  in  Louiiiaoa, 
which  falls  into  the  MiiTifippi  from  the 
N.  W.  about  4  miles  above  Kapuaa 
OldFovt. 

Methuen,  the  north-weflemmot 
townfliipin  Eflex  county,  MaflTachuietts* 
fituated  on  the  E.  bank  of  Merrimack 
river,  between  Dracut  and  HaverhiUk 
It  contains  1  parilhes  and  1,197  inha- 
bitants. It  was  incorporated  in  I7a5. 
Husbandry  and  the  cutting  and  felling 
lumb.  ■-  divide  the  attention  of  the  in* 
habitants. 

Mew  JJlands,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
Spanifli  Main,  in  the  Weft- Indies,  be- 
tween Cape  Cameron,  and  Cape  Gra- 
cias  a  Dios,  lie  acrofs  the  entrance  int  ' 
the  bay  of  Cotroe,  or  Crotoe.  Tliey 
arc  furrounded  with  rocks,  and  are  vcrf 
dangerous,  efpecially  in  caie  of  hard 
gulls  from  the  N.  and  N.  E. 

Mexicano  River,  or  Adayes,  in 
Louifiana,  has  a  S.  E.  courie  and  emut^ 
ties  into  "^he  gulf  of  Mexico,  at  Cabodvi 
Nord  J  W.  by  S,  of  Alcenfion  bay,  an4 
£.  by  N.  of  the  mouth  of  Trinity  ri^ 
ver.  On  its  banks  are  tchfilver  millesi 
Fort  Adayes  ftands  >  .1  its  north-eaftera 
iide  in  alraut  lat.  30.  31.  north. 

MexiPOj  a  towniliip  in  li^rke(ner 

county 


3f6  M  E  X 

county,  New- York,  iiicorpenteil  in 
1796,  Ijrinv  en  Canida  mni  Wood 
Crceki,  indOneidn  Like. 

Mmxico,  or  NfW'Sfah,  bounded 
•orth  by  unknown  rettiona,  eift  by  Loa- 
ifiina  nnd  the^ulf  orMexico,  fouth  by 
the  Ifthniui  ot  Darien,  which  fepantct 
h  from  Terra  Firms  in  South-America, 
weft  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.    Its  length 
it  about  a,  1 00  milcOi  ita  breadth  1600} 
fituated  betwevn  lat.  9.  and  40.  north, 
and  between  long.  {3.  S.  and  i«5.  f. 
weft.    This  vaft  country  is  divided  into 
0/d-Mtmn,  which  contains  the  audien- 
ces of  Gaiicia,  Mt  xico,  and  OauthnaJa, 
which  ave  fubiiividal  into  11  provinces) 
Nitn  Mtxico,  divided  into  two  audien- 
ces, Apacheira  and  Scnora )  and  Cali- 
fmrmmt  on  the  wvft,  a  peninfula.    The 
land  is  in  great  part  abrupt  and  moun- 
lainous,  covered  with  thick  woods,  and 
watered  with  large  rivers,      dome  of 
tbeie  run  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
others  into  the  Pacific  Ocean.    Among 
the  firft  are  Altarado,  Coatiacuaico, 
and  Tabafco.    Among  the  latter  is  the 
river  Guadalaxara  or  great  river*  There 
are  feveral  lakes  which  do  not  Icfs  em- 
bellifh  the  country   than  give  conve- 
nience to  the  commerce  of  the  people. 
The  lakes  of  Nicaragua,  Cbappaljn,and 
Pazaquaro,  are  among  the  largeil.  The 
lakes   Tetztico  and  Chalco  occupy  a 
great  part  of  the  valt  of  Mexico,  which 
ia  the  fineit  tra£(  of  country  in  New- 
S}iain-.  The  waters  of  Cliaico  are  fweet, 
elioli;  of  Tetznco  are  brackifti.  A  canal 
unites  them.    The  lower  lake  (Tetzu- 
co)  was  formerly  as  much  as  so  miles 
Imig  and  1 7  broad,  and,  lying  at  the 
bottom  of  the  vale,  is  the  relervoir  of  all 
the  waters  fruni  the  furroundine  moun- 
tains.  The  cif  y  of  Mexico  Hands  on  an 
ii^d  in  this  lake. 

In  this  country  are  interfperfed  many 
fountains  of  different  qualities.  There 
are  an  intinity  of  nitrous,  fulphurcous, 
vitriolic,  and  allumlnous  mineral  waters^ 
fount  of  which  I'pring  out  lb  hot,  that  in 
a  fliort  time  any  kind  of  fniit  or  animal 
food  is  builcil  in  them.  There  are  alfo 
petrifying  watu'i,  with  which  they 
make  little  white,  fmoot'.  itones,  not 
clif^lcaiing  to  the  tafte  \  fcrapines  from 
whKn  taken  in  broth,  or  in  grud,  made 
•f  Indian  com,  are  mcrfl  powerfiil  dia- 
phoretics, and  are  ufed  with  remarkable 
niccefs  in  various  kinds  of  fevers. 
The  climate  of  tbi»extcnfiTe  country 


MEX 

{•▼arieus.  The  maritimt  pots  are  hat 
and  for  the  moft  part  muift  and  unhnl. 
thy.  Lands,  wnich  are  very  high,  or 
very  near  to  high  mountains,  which  art 
penietually   covered  with    fnow,   arc 

The  mountains  of  Mexico  abonnd 
in  ores  of  every  kind  of  metal,  and  a 
great  variety  ot  foflils.  There  are  en- 
tire  mountains  of  loadftone,  and  among 
others,  one  very  confiderable  between 
Tcoiltytan  and  Chihpaii,  in  the  country 
of  the  Gohuixcas. 

Huwewr  plentiful  and  rich  the  min- 
eral kingdom  of  Mexico  may  be,  the 
vegetable  kingdom  is  ftill  more  varioua 
and  abundant.  Dr.  Hernandet  defcribes 
in  his  natural  hiiiory,  about  i,soo  me- 
dicinal plants,  natives  of  that  coimtry. 
The  fruits  of  Mexico,  are,  pine- apples, 
plums,  dates,    water-melons,   apples, 
peaches,  quinces,  apricots,  pears,  pomew 
granates,  figs,  biack-cherries,  walnuts, 
almonds,  olives,  chefnuts,  and  grapes. 
The  cocoa-nut,  vanilla,  chia,  great-pepu 
per,  tomati,  the  pepper  of  Tabafco^ 
and  cotton,  are  very  common  with  the 
Mexicans.    Wheat,  barley,  peas,  beans 
nnd  rice  Have  been  fuccefstully  cultiva- 
ted in  this  country.     With  refpeft  to 
plants    which   yield  profitable   refins, 
pirns,  oils  or  juices,  the  country  of  Mex- 
ico is  fingularly  fertile.   Of  quadrupeds, 
there  have  been  traniportcd  into  this 
country  horfcs,  afles,  bulls,  flieep,  goats, 
hogs,  dogs  and  cats,  which  nave  all 
multiplied.     Of  the  ancient   quadru- 
peds, by  which   ia  meant  thofe  that 
n^oni  time  immemorial  have  been  in 
that  county,  fume  are  common  to  both 
the  continents  of  Europe  and  America; 
fome  peculiar  to  the  new  world,  others 
natives  only  of  the  kingdom  of  Mexico. 
The  ancient  quadrujwds   common  to 
Mexico  and  the  old  continents,  are, 
lions,  tigers,  wiM-cats,  bears,  wolves, 
foxes,  tlw  common  ftags  and  white  ftags, 
bucks,  wiM'goats,  badgers,  pole-cats, 
weazles,    martins,    fquirrels,    rabbits, 
hares,  otters  and  rata.    Their  prodigi- 
ous number  ol'  birds,  their  variety,  and 
many  vakwbk  qualities,  haveoccafioned 
fome  authors  to  obfervc,  that,  as  Africa 
is  the  country  of  beaiis,  fo  Meidco  is  the 
country  of  birds.    It  is  fakl  there  are 
too  fpecies  peculiar  to  that  kingdon). 

The  civil  oovemment  of  Mexico  it 
adminiftered  by  tribunals  called  audi^ 
encei.     lu  tbele  courts,  the  viceroy 

of 


MEX 

ef  the  klM  of  8|MiB  pnTidef.  Bit  tm- 
^laymcnt  Ti  the  grtatcil  truft  Mxi  uo«r. 
«  hU  Catholic  M^y  hu  at  hn  diA 
pofa),  and  U  perhaps  thie  richcft  govcm- 
rotnt  mtniflcd  to  any  fuhJcA  in  the 
world.  The  viceroy  continue!  In  office 
three  years.  The  clergy  are  extremely 
nunMToue  in  Mexico.  The  prie(N» 
monk*  and  nuns  of  all  orders  make  a 
fifth  of  the  white  inhabitants^  both 
here  and  in  other  parts  of  Spanifli  Ame* 
rica.  The  empire  of  Mexico  was  fub- 
dued  by  Cortes  in  ijsi. 

Mexico,  the  capiul  of  the  above 
province,  is  the  oldeA  city  in  Amrrica, 
of  which  we  have  any  account  |  its 
foundation  being  dated  as  far  back  as 
i)s5.  It  is  fituated  in  the  chai'ming 
vale  of  Mexico,  on  feveral  fmall  iflands, 
in  Lake  Tcttcuco,  in  N.  lat.  19.  s6. 
and  103.  35.  W.  long,  from  Perro. 
This  vale  is  I'unounded  with  lofty  and 
verdant  roountaini,  and  formerly  con- 
tained no  lefs  than  40  eminent  cities, 
beiides  villages  and  hamlets.  Concern- 
ing  the  ancient  populatmn  of  this  city 
there  are  various  opinions.  The  hlflo> 
rians  moft  to  be  relied  on  fay,  that  it 
was  nearly  nine  miles  in  circumference  | 
and  contained  upwards  of  60,000  houles, 
containing  each  from  4  to  10  inhabi- 
tants. By  a  late  accurate  enumeration, 
made  by  the  magittrates  and  priefts ,  it 
appears  that  the  prefent  number  of  inha- 
bitants exceeds  aoo,ooo.  The  greateft 
cuiiofity  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  is  their 
floating  gardens.  When  the  Mexicani, 
about  tiir  year  13S5,  were  fubdued  by 
the  Colhuun  and  Tepanecan  nations,  and 
confined  to  the  rmall  iilands  in  the  lake, 
having  no  land  to  cultivate,  they  were 
taught  by  iiecefllty  to  form  moveable 

?iraens,  which  £oated  on  the  lake, 
heir  conftruAion  i«  very  fimple.  They 
take  willows  and  the  roiits  of  marih 
ttlants,  and  other  materials  which  are 
light,  ami  twiH  them  together,  and  fo 
firmly  unite  tliem  as  to  form  a  Ibrt  of 
platform,  which  is  capable  of  fupport- 
ing  the  e^rth  of  titc  garden.  Upon  this 
foundation  they  lav  the  light  bufhes 
which  float  on  the  fake,  and  ovpr  them 
furead  the  mud  and  dirt  which  they 
draw  up  from  the  bottom  of  the  lake. 
Their  regular  figure  is  quadran^ifular  ; 
their  length  and  bi'eadth  various,  but 
generally  about  8  r<xi«  jone^nnd  3  wide; 
and  their  elevation  from  the  fmfacc  of 
the  water  is  lei's  than  a  foot.    Thele 


MEX  ^ 

were  the  fM  Hehls  tlwl  tkt  BfaikNi 
owned,  after  Hit  fDundMion  of  McfelM| 
there  they  M  cukkaied  the  anfaMw 
srettMwpoer,  and  other  jplanta  nccell 
rarv  ior  their  fupport.    ftwn  tkt  fan 
dulry  of  the  people  theft  fleMt  fim 
became  numerous.     At  prsAnc  tkef 
cultivate  flowers  and  ereiy  (brt  of  gar- 
dsn  kerbs  tmon  them.    Every  di^  of 
the  year  at  funrilV,  inmmwrahle  vefftia 
or  boats,  loaded  with  various  kinds  of 
fkiwers  and  herbs,  which  are  cultivated 
in  theie  gardens,  are  feen  arriving  by  tht 
canal,  at  the  great  market-place  of  Mexi« 
CO.    All  plants  thrive  in  them  fUrprif* 
ingly  I  the  mud  of  the  lake  makes  a 
very  rich  foil,  which  requires  no  water 
from  the  cloiids.    In  the  largeft  gardens 
there  is  commonly  a  little  tree  and  a  lie* 
tie  hut  to  flielter  the  cultivator  and  dc- 
fimit  him  fitmi  the  rain  or  the  fun. 
When  the  owner  of  a  garden  of  the  Cbim 
Homfat  as  he  is  called,  wifhes  to  change 
hi*  iitimtion,  to  get  out  of  a  bad  neigh- 
bourhood, or  to  come  nearer  to  his  fa- 
mily, he  «ts  into  his  little  boa'  and  by 
his  own  Itrength  atone,  if  the  .^uiden  le 
fmall,  or  with  the  afliftance  of  othei  s,  if 
it  is  lar|rc,  ccnduAs  it  wherever  he 
pleafes,  with  the  little  tree  and  hut  upon 
<t.    That  part  of  the  ifland  where  theft 
floating  gatdens  are,  is  a  place  of  de- 
lightful recreation,  where  the  fenfes  re- 
ceive tlie  higheft  pofllible  gratification. 
The  buildings,  which  are  of  ftone,  are 
convenient,  and  the  public  edifices,  cf- 
peciaily  the  churches,  are  magnificent  { 
and  the  city  has  the  appearance  of  ini- 
menfe  wealth.    The  trade  of  Mexico 
conlills  of  3  great  branches,  which  ex- 
tend over  the  whole  world.    It  carries 
on  a  trafiic  with  Europe,  by  jLa  Vera 
Crux,  fituated  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
or  North  Sea ;  with  the  Eafi-Indies,  by 
Acapuico,  on  the  South  Sea,  a  10  miles 
S.  W.  of  Mexico }  and  with  South-A- 
merica, by  tlie  fame  port.     Thefe  two 
lea-]xirC8,  Vera  Cruz  and  Acapuico,  are 
admirably  well  fituated  for  thccoinmer-' 
cial  purpoit's  to  which  tluy  are  applied. 
Mexico,  Culfef,  is  that  part  of  the 
North  Atlantic  ocean,  which  wafhestlie 
S.  and  S.  W.  coaft  of  Florida,  the  eaft 
coaft  of  New-Leun  and  Nuw-Galicia,  in 
New. Mexico,  and  the  N.  E.  coaft  of 
Old  Mexico,  or  New-Spain,  in  N.  Ame- 
rica.   It  is  properly  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Floridas,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Darien,  or  perhaps  ftill  more 

properly 


mmfvif  Mf  fiAft,  W.  ^int  of  the 
Mmnts  9i  thxkn,  fop^fmg  a  line  «• 
Im  <k««N»  fr<Nn  one  to  tlM  other.  The 
GttU  of  Mocico  is  therefiire  to  be  con- 
Cdcved  M  th<  weftern  pare  of  the  great 
S«lf  botween  the  northern  and  fouthem 
v.-«tinc;nt>  of  America.  Thi$  fvac^ut 
gvlf  containa  a  gjreat  many  iflaiids  of 
varioM  nttm  ana  fne )  anfa  it  receives 
ftnral  ^<Ai  rivers*  particularly  the 
Mifltfippi*  tbft  N.  rivert  and  a  multi- 
tude «r  others  of  comparatively  left 
Mte.  Ita  coafte  are  fo  irregular  ami  in< 
J»  that  ita  kSkr  gulfii  and  bays  are 
I  ianmnerablef  the  chief  of  thefe 
lire  the  gtilf  of  Honduras,  and  Guana. 
joa»and  the  baysof  Campeachy,  Palax- 
•y,  and  St.  Louit<.  It  is  conjeaured  by 
Mine  to  have  been  fbrinerly  land ;  and 
that  the  conftant  attrition  of  the  waters 
in  the  GuK  Stieam>  has  worn  it  to  its 
prefent  form.  See  Cui/  Stream^  and 
Culfo/Fbrida. 

Miami  River,  little,  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  has  a  ibuth.weflern  couife, 
and  empties  into  the  Ohio,  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  town  of  Columbia,  lo  miles 
ea(lwal^d  of  the  Great  Miami,  in  a 
^raightline,  but  tj  taking  in  the  mean- 
tvrs  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  too  fm?!!  for 
latttuux  navigation.  li%  banks  are 
tofid  land,  and  fb  high  as  to  prevent  in 
common  the  overflowing  of  the  water. 
At  the  diftance  of  30  miles  from  the 
Ohio^  the  Miamies  appro::  imate  each 
otlwr  wirh*ii  eight  miles  and  a  half.  On 
(his  river  are  i'cveral  fait  fprings. 

Miami  River,  Great,  or  Gr^at  Mi- 
neam,  called  alio  Jferentt,  or  Rocky 
river,  in  the  N.  W.  TerrUory.  'las  a  S. 
by  W.  courfe,  tihI  empties  intc  .ue  O. 
llio  by  a  mouth  xoo  yards  wide^*  it{ 
miles  from  Big  Bonce,  1 54.  miles  from 
the  Rapids,  and  604.  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio.  It  it  one  of  the  moft  beauti- 
"ul  fireams  in  tiic  Territoi-v,  and  is  fo 
c.  >ar  and  tranrpareTit,  at  its  htgheft  ftdte, 
♦hai  a  pin  may  very  plainly  be  (etn  at  its 
bottom.  It  '  i«  u  very  Itony  channel, 
a  fwilt  ftrcaiti-  but  no  falls.  At  the 
Picque  or  lickawee  towns,  above  75 
miles  fror<i  its  mouthi  it  is  not  above  30 
yards  V>n>ad,  yet  loaded  battcaux  can  af- 
cend  50  miles  higher.  Th  oortage 
from  the  navigable  yaters  of  iis  eaftem 
hmnch  to  Sanduikv  river  is  9  miles, 
and  item  thofe  of  .(s  vefle.n  branch  to 
the  Miami  of  the  Lakes,  o'.ily  five  milts. 
Il«ll<>iatcr',ock$  wkh  the  r>cioto. 


MIiC 

Ml  All  I  ^ihe  IMUf'i  ttmigMt  H» 
ver  of  the  N.  W.  Territory,  Which  Idb 
into  Lake  Erie,  at  the  S.  W.  tomir  of 
thekkr.  Afi)uthcni  branch  of  this  ri* 
ver  communicates  with  the  Gnat  Ml* 
ami,  by  a  porage  of  5  miles.  This  ri- 
ver is  called  by  fome  writers  Mawmee, 
al(bOmee,  and  Manmick.  See  Terri* 
taty  If.  fF.  eftbe  Obit, 

Miami,  a  village  on  the  Miami  of 
the  Lake  near  the  Miami  Fort.  Large 
cauoes  can  come  Irom  Q^iatanon,  a 
(mall  French  fettlemcnt  on  the  W.  fide 
of  the  W  abaft),  t^j  miles  bekw  the 
Miami  Carrying-place,  which  laft  is  9 
miles  from  this  village. 

MiAMis,  an  Indian  nation  who  inba- 
bit  on  the  Miami  river  and  the  (buth- 
em  fide  of  Lake  Michigan.  They  can 
raife  about  300  warriors.  Tn  coafe* 
quence  of  bnds  ceded  to  the  U.  States 
by  the  treaty  of  Greenville>  Auguft  3d, 
>79S>  government  paid  them  a  fum  in 
hand,  and  engaged  to  pay  them  annual- 
ly  for  ever,  to  the  value  of  1000  dollai[» 
in  goods.  \ 

MiAMis  Bef,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Miami  of  the  Lakes. 

MiATA  IJland,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl. 
ands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  S.  lat. 
17.  51.  W.  long.  14.8.  6. 

Michael,  St.  or  St,  Miguet,  a  town 
in  the  province  of  Qjiito  in  Peru,  and 
faid  to  be  the  firft  town  the  Spaniards 
built  in  that  country.  It  is  of  confider- 
able  (ize,  ftanding  in  a  fruitful  valley, 
about  ao  leagues  irom  the  Tea.  The  in- 
habitants call  it  Chila.  Another  town, 
called  St.  Miguel,  is  the  fecouu  ci^  in 
Tucumania,  so  leagues  from  St.  Jago 
del  Eftero,  on  the  road  to  Charcara  or 
Potofi,  at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  rugged 
moxuitains  in  a  well  waterra  place,  Iia. 
ving  the  river  Quebrador  on  the  one  fide, 
and  fevcraL-fmaTl  ftreams  on  the  other^ 
5  or  6  leagues  from  it.  The  country 
produces  all  kinds  of  grain,  plenty  of 
grapes,  cotton  and  flax,  and  yields  ex- 
cellent paliurage. 

Michael,  St.  a  town  of  N.  Ameri- 
ca, in  New-3pain,  and  in  the  province 
of  Mechoncaa.  It  is  very  populou:*, 
and  100  miles  from  Mexico.  N.  ht, 
40.  35.  W.  long.  io».  55. 

Michael's  Bay,  St.  on  the  E.  fide 
pf  the  ifiand  of  Barbadoes,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies  ;  a  little  N.  of  Foul's  Bay  ■  N. 
E.  of  which  lall  bay  arc  Cobler's  Rocks* 
In  the  fliapc  of  a  horn. 

MichablN 


Mi«II4«lH  (kiify  St.  in  tUS,  E. 
pftit  of  famona  Bay«  m  fotmod  by  the 
4Mitt«  of  8c.  Mart*  mkI  ta.hu  irivert  that 
felliaioit. 

MiCMACi.,  St.mShMmielRmn', 
b  dfo  CM  the  6.  ooaft  of  the  iftttmus  be 
twccn  N.  ami  S.  America,  aiid  on  the 
N.  Pacific  ocekn,  and  <S  leagues  to  the 
W.  of  Poit  Matin  Lopea»  uid  }  E.  of 
Ottibaltigue.  *  It  hat  3  fathom*  water 
at  flood.  Witlun  the  river  to  the  N.  £. 
ia  the  burning  mountain  of  St.  Miguel* 
ia  the  midft  of  an  open  plain. 

MicHASL't  Bajff  St.  in  Terra  Fir* 
ma,  on  the  S.  Sea. 

MicHAEL^s,  St.  a  pariih  in  Charlcf- 
tan  diftnft.  S.  Carolina. 

Michael's,  £/.  a  town  in  Talbot 
county,  Ms.rviand,  8  miles  W.  of  Eaf- 
(oB,  and  ti  S.  E.  of  Arnapoiis.  | 

Michael,  St.  or  Fond  dt$  tftgres^  a ' 
Mwn  on  the  S.  penin(uia  of  St.  Domingo 
iiland,  10  teagues  N.  E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Michigan  Laki^  in  the  N.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, is  the  largeft  and  moll  confiier- 
able  1:^^,  which  is  wholly  within  the 
United  Sutes,  and  lies  between  lat.  41. 
i-o.  and  45.  40.  N.  and  between  84. 
30.  and  (7.  30.  W.  long.  Its  comput<?d 
length  is  ito  miles  from  north  to  fouth ; 
its  bre^dt';  from  60  to  70  miles,  and  its 
circumtifrence  nearly  600  miles;  and 
contains,  according  to  Mr.  Hutchins, 
10,369,000  aavs.     Ix  is  navigable  for 
fitipping  of  any  burden  \  and  comnnmi- 
cates  with  Lake  Huron,  at  the  north- 
oaftera   part,  through  the  Straits  of 
Michi»iinakkuiak  .*  The  ftrait  Is  6  miles 
broad,  and  the  ibrt  of  its  name  ftands 
on  an  iAand  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hiatt. 
In  this  lake  are  feveral  kinds  of  filh ; 
particularly  trout  of  an  excellent  quali- 
fy* weighmg  from  le  to  6c  pounds  \ 
and  fome  have  been  taken  in  the  ftrait 
which  weighed   90  pounds.     On  the 
N.  W.  paits  of  this  lake,  the  waters  pu^ 
through  9  narrov'  ftrait,  and  branch  out 
into  two  bays }  that  to  the  northward  is 
called  Ko  quel's  Bay,   the  other  to  the 
ibuthward,  Puans,  or  Green  Bay,  which 
laft  with  the  lake,  forms  a  long  penin- 
&la,  called  Cape  Townlifnd,  or  Vermil- 
lion Point.    About  30  miles  S.  of  Bay 
d*  Puans,  is  Lake  Winnebago,  which 
communicates  with  it  t  and  a  very  (hort 
portage  interrupts  the  water  communi- 
cation, fouth-weftward  from  Wiiine 
Lake  through   Fox  river,  then 


t^Ufauj^b  Ocwfuvnfin,  Ant*  th^ river  Mif 


fiCppi.  Chicago  rt*cr,«ife  at  dit  8.  W«^ 
extremity  of  Lake  Michigaa*  fui«i||M» 
ft  (jommoaicatioii.  inismipt«d .  ky-i^'ftol 
(horter  piiflage,  wkk  liiinoi*  rhrsr.  %$$• 
all  tbcle  places  snentioaed  under  tMlr 
refpeftivc  aaroct.    L«k«  Midii»i  aii*^ 
cetves  many  fnudl  rivers  feant  tW-W^ 
and  E.  £)nie  tstrand  cve9  asoywlr 
broad  at  their  eioiftha.    S«»  Ct^tatt^- 
MqfiicoKf  Maramy  St.  Jofifbt  kc,-  '  -  < 
M|CHILUMAKCINAK  5tNii9t<om^ 
nefl  Lakes  Michigan  and  Hunaii  Iki  # 
N.  E.  and  S.  VT.  oourfe.  ' ' 

MlCHlLLIMAKXINAK,     tXi     ttfaMfi* 

fort,  and  village  <m  the  S.  W.  fidt  e£  tl»' 
ftraits  of  the  fame  name.    Th^  finatf 
in<:  on  which  the  village  and  the  foiK 
commanding  the  ftrait,  Hand,  is  W.  M. 
W.  of  White  Wood  lOand,  in  Lak^ 
Huron.    In  addition  to  the  lands  i>Ottail 
I  this  poft  to  which  the  Indian,  tithe  iMid' 
been  extinguiflied  by  the  French  «i4' 
Britifh  govemtrents,  the  Indlaas  faa»t' 
ce(f?d  by  the  trt^aty  of  Greenviitey  1^- 
tra6l  of  land  on  the  main,  to  the  noOT 
of  the  idand   on  which  the  ^^tlk  «£ 
Michillimakkinak  ftands,  to  meaAire  €^ 
miles  on  lakes  Huron  and  Michiiia^' 
and  to  extend  3  miles  back  from  ite 
water  of  the  hdie  or  ftrait,  andalfi>l>e 
Bois  Blanc,  or  White  Wood  »!»;«!. 
This  laft  was  the  volunt^.iy  gift  ti  rii<^ 
Chipewa  nation.    The  'iand  of  Mich^ 
iliimakkinak  is  very  barren,  but,  as  ilS> 
is  the  grand  rendezvous  of  the  iodiaii' 
traders,  u  confxicrable  trade  is  ea^ried^ 
on }  and  its  very  advantagieoiis  fituation 
feems  to  enfure  that  it  will  be,  at  fome 
future  period,  a  place  of  great  commer* 
ciat  importance.     It  is  within  the>linc' 
uf  the  United  States,  and  was  laiety  d«. 
livered  up  by  the  Biitiih.     It  is  aboit 
200  miles  N.  N.  W.  fi^xmi  Detroit,  ar  4 
974  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia.    N.  ijti 
45.  10.  W.  lopg.  84.  30.  '•"  ■ 

MiCHILLIMAJCKINAK,    Uttkt   A  ri- 

ver  in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  which  ca^ 
ters  tUe  luuth-eaftern  fide  of  lUinuis  ri- 
ver, by  a  mouth  50  yards  wide,  and  hat' 
between  30  citd'  40  fmall  idands  At  it» 
mouth  ;  which  at  a  diftance  appear  Mk#' 
a  fmall  village.  It  runs  a  N.  W.^ 
comfe,  and  is  navigable  about  9emue««> 
On  its  banks  is  plenty  of  good  titftbci'y 
viz.  rod  and  white  cedar,  piae,  maple/ 
walnut,  &c.  as  alfo  coal  mines.  Itt- 
mouth  is  !  3  miles  below  tlic  Old  Piorii 
as  Fort  and  village,  on  the  oppeOte  fid^i 
of  the  Tiver,  at  che  S.  W.  eiitl  e£tlti^ 


nois 


f«o 


MID 


wh  l^kt,  and  1 95  milet  from  the  MiT-  i  tweeit  lat 

UICHIPICQTON,  a  rivcrwhick  emp. 
tfea  into  Lake  Silperior,  on  the  noith> 
tfi&MtJbf  the  bke.  It  hat  iti  fource 
aoi  ftr  dtftant  from  Moofe  river^  a  wa- 
m  of  James's  Bay  it  i:-yM  at  its 
aboth  a  bay  of  itt  own  name;  t  nd  on 
the  W.  jMrt  of  the  bay,  is  a  large  ifland 
to  callecl,  clofe  to  the  land,  a  fmall  (trait 
onlyiepvatei  i;  from  Otter's  Head  on 
tbcnorth. 

MiCHipicooTON  Heufi,  in  Upper 
Ounda,  is  fituated  on  the  £.  fide  of  the 
■louth  of  the  ttbove  fiver,  in  lat^  47<  $6. 
V»  and  belongs,  to  the  Hudfon  Bay 
Company* 

MiCMisco  VI  is  the  Indian  and  prc&nt 
aameof  the  moft  northerly  river  in  Ver. 
noot.  It  rifes  in  Belvidere»  and  runs 
aearly  north-eaft  yntil  it  has  crofled  into 
Canada,  where  it  runs  feme  diftance,  it, 
lama  W.  then  ^utherly,  re-enters  the 
ttate  of  Vermont  in  Richford,  and  ernp- 
tics  into  Lake  Champlain,  at  Micbif* 
eoui  Bay  at  Highgate.  It  is  navigable 
fi»r  tlie  Urgeft  boats  to  the  falls  at  Swan- 
town,  7  mifet  from  its  mouth.  Mi- 
chifcoui.  La  Moclle,  and  Onion  rivers, 
•re  nearly  of  the  fame  magnitude. 

MiCHiscovi  Tettg^te  or  B^y,  a  long 
point  of  land  which  extends  Ibutherly 
into  Lake  Champliiin  from  the  north- 
«aft  comer  of  the  State  of  Vermont  on 
the  W.  fide  of  the  bay  of  this  name, 
and  ibmis  the  townfliip  of  Allburgh. 

MiCKMACKs,  an  Indian  nation  which 
inhabit  the  country  between  the  Shapo.. 
dy  Mountains,  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence in  Nova-Scotia,  oppoftte  to  St. 
John's  Ifland.  Thisnation  convey  their 
ICDtimentB  by  hieroglyphics  marked  on 
the  rind  of  the  birch  and  en  paper, 
Whkh  the  Koman  miflionaiies  perfeAly 
underftand.  Many  of  tliem  rcljde  at 
the  heads  of  the  rivers,  in  King's  and 
Bants  ciounties. 

MICOYA  Bay  it  fituated  on  the  S.  W. 
coaft  of  Mexico,  or  New-Spain,  on  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean.  In  ibme  charu 
it  is  laid  down  in  lat.  fo.  15.  N.  ami 
having  Cape  Blanco  and  Chira  Ifland 
for  its  Ibuth-eaft  limit. 

MiDDUi  Sank,  a  fifliin^  ground  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  wliicn  Ties  fi'om 
north-eaft  to  fouth-weft,  between  St. 
Peter*s  Bank  and  that  of  Sable  hiand  .• 
and  op|iofite  to,  and  S.  E.  of  Cape  Bre   | 


M  I  D 

44*  3^*  and  45*  34*  N.  and 
between  kmg  57.  37.  and  59.'  «s. 

MioDLsaoROVQM,  the  Nommfltti 
of  the  ancient  Indians,  a  townAip  in 
Plymouth  county,  MaffiKhi&tts,|)ound. 
ed  weft  by  Freetown  and  TaimtoA,  eaft 
by  Carver  and  Warbam,  and  if  40  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Bofton )  was  incorporated 
in  1 669,  and  contains  4,5*6  inhBMtants. 
This  town  was  formerly  thickly  inha- 
bited by  Indian  nativi;s,  governed  fay  the 
noted  lachem  Ttff>acaH  t  there  are  now 
only  30  or  40  louls  remaUibw,  who,  to 
i'upply  their  immediate  necefluies,  make 
and  lell  brooms  and  bo^ikets.  The  town 
is  remarkfible  for  a  hrge  range  of  ponds, 
which  produce  fevend  forts  of  fan,  and  ~ 
large  ^uanc:*ies  of  i  .vn  ore.    The  bot- 
tom ot  Aflbwamfet  Pond  hiay  b«  laid  to 
be  an  tntire  mine  rf  iron  ore.   Men  go 
out  witli  boats,  ard  ufe  inftruments  like 
oyfter  dred,<;es,  r.o  get  up  the  ore  firom 
the  Donom  of  the  pond.    It  is  now  fo 
much  exhaufted,  that  half  a  ton  is 
thought  a  good  day's  work  for  one 
man ;  but  for  a  nupuber  of  years  ona 
man  could  take  up  four  times  the  quanJ 
tity.    In  an  adjacent  pond  there  is  yet 
great  plenty  at  so  feet  deep,  as  well  as 
from  fnoaler  water.    Great  quantities 
of  nails  ai«  made  lure.    In  winter,  the 
farmers  and  young  men  are  employed  in 
this  manufaAure.    Here,  and  at  MiU 
ton  in  Norfibik.  county,  the  firft  rolling 
and  flitting  mills  were  ereAed  about  40 
yet^'S  ago,  but  were  imperfect:  and  un- 
produAive,  in  comrarifon  wirh  thofe  of 
the  ptvfent  time.    The  prints  of  naked 
hands  and  feet  are  to  be  feen  <m  feveral 
rocks  in  this  town,  fuppofed  to  have 
been  done  by  the  luidians.     Thefe  are 
probably  fimilar  to  thofe  obferved  in 
the  Stntes  of  Teimeffee  and  Virginia. 

MiODLEsovo  Ktyt  a  fmaJl  iflot 
feparated  from  ^  Martin's  in  the  Vl^elt- 
Indies  en  theN.E. 

MiDDLEBERG,  a  new  town  of  New- 
York  in  Schoharie  co.  incorporated  in 
1797. 

MiDDLBBURY,  a  poft-towa  of  Ver- 
mont, and  capital  of  Addifen  county. 
It  is  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rutland,  1 5 
tioni  Vergennes,  am|  37  S.  E.  of  Bur- 
lington. Here  is  a.  brewery  upon  a 
pretty  large  fcale.  The  townfliip  lies 
on  the  E.  fide^  Otter  Creek,  and  con- 
taif>i  395  inhabitants. 
Middle  C^/«istotheS.  W.  of  Cape 


too  I(ianda  bid  down  in  feme  cluuts  be- 1  Anthony,  in  btaten  Land,  W  the  flrait 

of 


M  I  B 

I^  MaSre,  tad  the  moft  weftody  point 
of  that  UUmd  j  at  the  extremity  of.  8. 
AtotncZt 

^idol£PI£j:.d,  atoimfliipwKainp* 
Jhire  county*  Maflachufettf,  39  miles 
N.  W;  of  Sprin^Id)  and  1 35  miles 
yrefterly  of  Bofton.  It  was  tneorporated 
ia  1783,  and  contains  608  inhabitants. 

M1PDI.EH001C,  a  village  in  New- 
Jerfey, .  8  miles  W.  of  Branrwick,  on 
the  crofs  poft-road.from  Biunfwick  to 
Flemi^gtont  and  on  the  N.  bank  of  Ra> 
riton  river. 

Middle  IJUmdt  or  Ilbat  dem  MtSc, 
on^the  W.  coaft  of  New-Mexico»  and 
are  between  the  illands  of  Chira  and  St.' 
Luke.  Tbey  are  in  the  North  Pacific 
ocean,  in  lat.  9.  30.  N.  Tliere  is  only 
from  6  to  7  fathoms  from  Chira  to  thele 
iflands,  and  all  vefl^Is  Ihoukl  keep  nearer 
to,  tV.im  than.io  the  main. 

MiDPLEBVRG,  or  £0«i,  the  moft 
fouthcrlv  of  .-^11  the  Friendly  Iflands,  in 
the  fouth  PaciBc  Ocean }  and  is  about 
10  leagues  in  circuit. 

MiDDLBfiEX,  a  county  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
New-Haiupfliire,  £.  by  EITex  county, 
S.  by  Suffolk,  and  W.  by  Woicefter 
county.  Its  figure  is  nearly  equal  to  a 
fquare  of  40  miles  on  a  fkie  j  its  greateft 
length  being  52,  and  itsgreateft  breadth 
4%  miles.  It  has  4a  townfbips,  which 
contain  49,737  inhabitants.  The  reli- 
gioqs  Ibcieties  are  55of  Congregational- 
ifts,  6  of  Baptifls,  and  fome  Presbyte- 
rians. It  was  made  a  county  in  1643. 
It  is  watered  by  five  principal  rivers, 
Merrimack,  Charles,  Concord,  Naihua, 
and  Myflick  j  befides  fmaller  ftreams. 
The  chief  towns  are  Charleftown,  Cam- 
bride,  and  Concord.  Chstrleftown  is 
the  only  Tea-port  in  the  county;  Con- 
cord is  the  moft  refpe^able  inland  town, 
and  is  neai-  the  centre  of  the  county, 
being  10  miles  N.  W.  of  Bofton.  There 
are  in  the  county  14  fulling-mills,  about 
70  tan-yards,  4  paper-mills,  a  fnuff- 
milis,  6  diftilleries,  and  about  ao  pot  and 
pearl  afli  houfes.  The  fouthern  and 
northern  fides  of  the  county  are  hilly,  but 
not  mountainous,  few  of  the  hills  ex- 
ceeding 100  feet  in  height,  and  are  co- 
vered with,-wood,  or  cultivated  quite  to 
their  fummits.  The  air  is  generally 
ferene,  and  the  temperature  mild.  The 
exticme  variation  of  Farenheit'a  ther- 
mometer, msy  be  confidered  as  100°  in 
a  y^ar }  bat  it  is  in  very  few  inftance% 


MID  %%i 

that  in  the  ooarle  of  a  year  k  Kadjcp 
either. extrenift  9a*  may  be  wfmvlv^ 
as  the  cKticme  fumaer  ho^,  wid  5  «r 
6°  below'  e««  ai  that  of  the  wintnr  0QJ4« 
In  the  wintered  i794-^'97*  it  funk  t» 
1 10  below  o.  The  foil  it  varioju,  19 
fome  parts  ef  richt  black  loam*  and  ia 
others  it  ia  %ht  and  fiusdj;.  It  pp. 
duces  the  timbar,  grain  and  fiiiit  wnich 
are  common  thtsuyhout  the  State,  eith«r 
by  natural  growth  or  cultivation. 

Mini>i.ESBx,  «  maritime  county  of 
Conne£Ucut,  bounded  north  by  Hartfi>nl 
county,  feuth  by  Lcog-Iflrad  Sound* 
eaft  by  Mew-London  county,  and  weft 
by  New-Haven.  Its  greateft  loigth  is 
about  30  miles,  and  its  greateft  breadth 
19  miles.  It  is  divided  into  6  towq- 
fhips,  containing  18,855  inhabitants,  of 
whom  aai  are  Haves.  Connefiicut  ri« 
ver  runs  the  whole  length  of  the  county* 
and  on  the  ftreams  which  flow  into  it  ; 
are  a  number  of  mills.  Middlcton  ia 
the  chief  town< 

MinoLSEX,  a  county  of  New-Jeriey* 
bounded  north  by  Effex,  N.  W.'ukI 
W.  by  Somerfet,  S.W.Inr Burlington* 
S.'E.  by  Monmouth,  eaft  by  Rariton 
Bay  and  |>art  of  Staten  Inland.  It  con- 
tains 15,956  inhabitants,  including 
1,3 1 8  flaves.  From  the  mouth  of  Rari- 
ton river  up  to  Brunfwick,  the  land  on 
both  lidcs  is  generally  good,  both  for 
pafturags  and  tillage,  producing  confi- 
derable  quantities  of  every  kind  of  grafa 
and  hay.   Chief  town  New-Brunfwick. 

MiDptBSEX,  a  county  of  Virsinia* 
on  the  ibuth  iide  of  Rappahannodt.  ri- 
ver,,on  Chefapeak  Bay.  It  is  about  35 
miles  in  lengtn,  and  7  |n  breadth,  con- 
tainuig  4,140  inhabitants,  including 
s,558flave8.  Urbanna  is  the  chief  town. 

Middlesex,  a  townfhio  in  Chitten- 
don  county,  Vermont,  on  ttw  north-eaft 
fide  of  Onion  river.  It  contains  60  in- 
habitants. 

Middlesex  Canal  (Maf&chufetts) 
it  is  expe£led  will  be  of  great  import- 
ance to  the  States  of  MaflSchufetts  and 
New-Hampfhire.  It  is  now  opening  at 
a  vaft  ejwence  by  an  incorporated  com- 
pany. The  debgn  is  to  open  a  water 
communication  from  the  waters  of  Mer- 
rimack river  at  Chelmsford  to.  the  har- 
bour of  Bofton.  The  route  0|f  the  canal 
will  be  fout.xerly  through  the  eaft  parts 
of  Chelmsfc?d,  and  BUlerica,  the  weft 
part  of  Wilmington,  and  the.  middle  of 
W obiurn ;  where  it  comet  t«  Smk  ponds, 

X  from 


j^tft  MID 

ftrnn  wh!ch  the  waters  rail  by  Myftick 
river  into  Bofton  harbour.  The  dif- 
ttnce  fWrni  the  Merrimack  to  thefe 
pondt  will  be  17  milei.  The  canal  will* 
without  nieetine  with  any  large  hills  or 
*teep  valliesi  be  tbraighter  than  the  coun- 

ar  road  near  it.  The  diftance  from  the 
cnimack  to  Medfbrd,  at  the  canal 
will  be  made»  it  %7t  and  to  Bofton,  3 1 
mile*.  The  canal  is  to  be  24  feet  wide 
at  the  bottom,  and  3*  at  the  top,  and  6 
ftet  deep.  The  boats  are  to  be  i  a  feet 
wkk  and  70  feet  long.  The  toll  ic  to 
be  6  cents  a  mile  forerery  ton  weight 
which  fhall  pafs^  befidcs  pay  for  their 
boats  and  lalxnir. 

Middle  States,  one  of  the  Grand 
Divifions  of  the  United  Slates,  (fo  de- 
nominated in  reference  to  the  northern 
and  fouthem  States)  comprehending  the 
States  of  New- York,  New- Jerley,  Fmn- 
fylTania,  Delaware,  and  the  Territory 
N^  W.  of  the  Ohio. 

MiDDLBTON,  an  interior  townfltip  in 

■  EfTex  county,  Maflachufetts,  t%  miles 

northerly  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated 

in  17*8,  and  contains  6Ss  inhabitants. 

MiDDLSTON,  a  city  and  poft*town 
-  of  Conne£licut,  and  the  capital  of  Mid- 
dlefex  county,  pleafantly  (ituated  on  the 
weftern  bank  of  ConneAicut  river,  31 
miles  from  its  mouth  at  Saybrook  Bar,' 
according  to  the  courfe  of  the  river  j  14. 
miles  S.  of  Hartford,  «6  N.  by  E.  of 
New-Haven,  40  N.  W.  by  W.  of  New. 
London,  and  109  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia. 
Its  public  buildings  are,  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  an  Epifcopalian  church, 
a  court* houfe  and  naval  office.  It  con> 
tains  about  300  houtes,  and  carries  on 
aconfidr  hie  trade.  Here  the  river  has 
to  fee'  V  at  full  tides.  N.  lat  41. 
35.  "V  .  77.  It.    This  place  was 

called  i..  .abefick,  by  the  Indians,  amt 
was  (ettttd  in  1650  or  1651.  Two 
miles  fron  the  city  is  a  lead  mine  which 
was  wrought  durin?  the  war,  and  was 
produAive  {  but  it  is  too  expenflve  to  be 
vrorked  in  time  of  peace. 

MiDDLBTOWN,  a  townfhip  in  Straf- 
ford county,  New-Hampdiirc}  about 
40  miles  N.  hy  N.  W.  of  Portfmoiith. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1778,  and  con- 
tains 61  •>  inhabitants. 

MiDDLBTOWN,  a  townfliip  in  Rut- 
land CO.  Vermont.  It  ctmtains  699  in- 
habitants, and  is  39  miies  north  of  Ben- 
nington. 

Mif'DLiTOWN,  a  village  on  Long> 


MID 

Illand,  New- York  State  1  1 1  mites  front 
Smithtown,  and  13  from  Bridgehamp^ 
ton. 

MiDDLBTOWKf  a  townlhip  in  Vlfter 
county,'  New- York,  ere£led  fropi  Ro. 
chefter,  and  Woodftock  in  1789,  and 
contains  1,019  inhabitants,'  including  i 
Aaves .  In  1 796  there  were  1 3  s  of  the 
inhabitants  entitled  to  be  eleAors. 

MiDDLETOWN,  a  townfliip  in  New. 
port  county,  Rhode- Ifland  State,  con- 
tains 840  inhabitants,  including  15 
flaves.  In  this  town  which  is  on  the 
ifland  which  gives  name  to  the  State, 
and  about  %  miles  from  Newport  is  the 
large  and  curious  cavity,  in  the  rocks, 
called  Purgeiety. 

MiDDLETOWN,  a  fmall  poft-town 
in  Newcaftle  county,  Delaware,  lies  on 
Apoquinlmy  Creek,  ai  miles  S.  S.  W. 
of  Wilmington,  and  49.  S.  W.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

MiDDLETOWN,  in  Monmouth  coun- 
ty, New-Jcrfey,  a  townlhip  which  con- 
tains  two  places  of  Worfliip,  one  fm 
Baptifts  and  one  for  the  Dutch  Reforki  ■ 
ed  church,  and  3,aa6  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 491  flaves.  The  centre  of  the 
townfliip  is  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Tren- 
ton,  and  30  S.  W.  byS.  of  New- York 
city.  The  light-houfe  built  by  the  ci- 
tizens of  New- York  on  the  point  of 
Sandy  Hook,  is  in  this  townfliip.  The 
high  lands  of  Navefink,  are  on  the  fea* 
coaft,  near  Sandy  Hook.  They  are 
600  feet  above  the  furface  of  the  water, 
and  are  the  lands  flrft  difcovered  by  ma< 
riners  on  this  part  of  the  coafl. 

MiDDLETOWN  PciHt,  M  the  above 
townfliip,  lies  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  tlie 
bay  within  Sandy  Hook,  9  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Spotfwood,  and  14  north-weft  of 
Shrewfbiiiy.  A  pofl>ofHce  is  kept  here. 

MiDDLETOWN,  a  flourifhing  town  in 
Dauphin  county,  Pennfylvania,  fituated 
on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  Swatara  creek, 
which  empties  into  the  Sufquehannah, 
a  miies  below.  It  contains  a  German 
church  and  above  100  huufes,  and  car- 
ries on  a  briflc  trade  with  the  farmers  in 
the  vicinity.  It  is  eflimated  that  above 
200,000  bufliels  of  wheat  are  brought 
down  thele  rivers  tinnualiv  to  the  land- 
ing place,  a  miies  from  the  town.  Con- 
tiguous to  the  town  is  an  excellent  mer- 
chant mill,  liippiied  with  a  conftant 
ftrer.tn,  by  a  canal  cut  from  the  Swata- 
ra. It  is  6  mills  S.  of  Hummelfton,  and 
6a  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.    N.  lat. 

40. 


out  in 
of  the 


MIL 

4.9.  ti;  W.  long.  7<^  44i  There  aft 
alfo  other  Umndiipe  V  thU  name  in  the 
Ante  I  dw  am  in  DelaiMire  county^  the 
other  in  that  of  Cuml  .rlaw^ 

MiD33bBTOWN,  in  Freilerick  timm. 
tV)  Maryland,  Kes  nearly  8  milea  W. 
N.  W.  of  Frederickftown. 

MiiK>LBTOWN,  in  Dorchefter  coon* 
tft  Maryland*  is  about  5  miles  N*  of 
the  Cedar  Landing  Place,  on  TranT- 
quaking  Creek  i  7  wefterly  of  Vienna, 
and  «|N.  W.  of  Cambridge. 

Midway,  a  village  in  Liberty  coun> 
ty,  Georgia,  so  miles  S.  of  Savanmh, 
and  10  miles  N.  W.  of  Suubuiy.  Its 
inhabitants  are  Congrrgationalifts,  and 
•re  the  defcendants  of  emigrants  from 
JDorcheftcr  near  Boilon,  in  New-En^. 
lahd,  who  migrated  as  early  as  1700. 

Midway,  a  townihip  in  Rutland 
county,  Vermont,  eaftof  and  adjoining 
Kutland. 

MtrrLiN,  a  county  of  Pennfylvania, 
(unrounded  by  Lycoming,  Franklin, 
Cumberland)  Northumberland,  Dau- 
phin, and  Huntingdon  counties.  It  con* 
tains  1,(51  fi^uare  miles  1,1 84,960 
acres,  tiad  is  divided  into  t  townfltips. 
The  mdUntains  in  this  county  abound 
with  iron  ore,  for  the  manuiaauring  of 
which,  feveral  forges  have  been  errcted. 
It  is  well  watered  by  the  Juniatta,  and 
other  ftreams  which  empty  into  the  Suf- 
quehannah.    Chief  town,  Lewiftown. 

Mifflin,  a  fmall  town  lately  la<*d 
out  in  the  above  countv,  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  the  Juniatta  j  1 1  miles  eaft  of  Lewif 
town,  and  1 38  from  Philadelphia. 

Mifflin,  Fort,  in  Pennfylvania,  is 
tituated  on  a  finall  ifland,  at  the  mouth 
of  Schuylkill  river,  7bout  6  miles  fouth 
of  Philadelphia. 

MiLFiBLD,  in  Grafton  county,  New- 
Hampfliire,  fettleJ  1774. 

MiLFORB,  a  townlhip  in  Mifflin 
county,  Pennfylvania. 

MiLFORD,  a  poft-town  of  the  State 
of  Delaware,  pleafantly  fituated  on  the 
north  fide  of  Mufpilicn  Creek,  about  i» 
mites  weft  of  its  mouth  ia^  Delaware 
Bay,  19  Sv  by  fi.  of  Dover,  7  fouth  of 
Frederica,  and  95.  S^  by  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.  It  contains  nearljr  lao  houfes, 
ail  built  fince  the  war^  except  one. 
The  irJwbitants  are  Epifcopalians, 
Qmdcers  and  Mcthodiftsk 

MiLtORD,  a  town  of  Northampton 
county,  Penidyivania,  lately  laid  out  on 
the  N.  W.  fide  of  the  Ddawarr*  on  a 


M  1 1 


$n 


lofty  fituatton,  at  Wdl*t  Fernr,  ii« 
miles  above  PhUadelpiaa.  lafraittjof 
thkto«mi  whkbiHMtainaasytt.oiBlya 
(ew  houfeit  tlie  Hirer  fimns  a  fore  wtU 
fitted  fcr  Aehcring  boiltl  utA  lambcr  jb 
ftormi,  or  fire&es  la  the  riveri  Afitw- 
mill  and  paper-mill  liavc  been  cfsiflM 
here  1  the  latter  halbnga  to  Mr.  Wdi^ 
who  has  diibovered  the  method  of  mi- 
king papdr  and  paftto>board,  by  fat^ftib 
tuting  a  Iat]|e  proportioa  of  ikW-duft  i|k 
the  eoropofiuon* 

MiLFORb,  Jktioll-tQwnofCeniMa!^ 
ciit,  on  Long-Illiuid  IbUnd,  and  iaNew^ 
Haven  county,  it milca  8*  W^  bf lilcw* 
Haven,  and  eaft  of  Stratbnl.  Tb« 
mouth  of  the  creek  on  which  it  ftandi 
has  }  £uhoms  water.  This  town  was 
called  fTtptwt^  by  the  Indians,  and 
was  fettled  in  16)8.  ,It  contains  an  E> 
pifcopsd  thurch^  and  %  Congregational 
churches. 

MiLFORb  HOfoetn  a  deep  i>ay  on  the 
coaft  of  Nova  Sicotia,  to  the  Sk  W. 
round  the  point  of  the  ftrait  of  Canfok 
It  receives  feveral  rivers  inm.  the  N. 
W.  and  S.  W. 

Military  ymmi^jj^,  in  the  State* 
of  New-York.  The  legiiOature  of  the 
State  granted  one  million  and  a  hidf 
acres  of  hnd,  as  a  sratuity  to  the  cA- 
cei-s  and  foldiers  of  the  line  of  ^s  ^tate. 
This  traft,  forming  the  hew  county  of 
Onondago,  is  iiounden  W.  by  the  eaft 
fliore  of  the  Seneca  Lake,  and  the  Klaf- 
fachufetts  lands  in  the  new  county  of 
Ontario  \  N.  by  the  part  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio near  Fort  Ofwego }  S.  by  .a  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains  «nd  the  Penn- 
fylvania lines  ^""^  £•  W  ^ Ttkftarora 
Creek  (which  falls  nearlv  into  the  mid- 
dle of  the  Oneida  Lake)  and  that  part 
of  what  was  formerly  Montgomery  coun- 
ty, which  has  been  fettling  by  the  New- 
England  people  veiy  rapidly  fince  the 
peace.  This  pleafant  tounty  is  divided 
into  15  townfliips  of  60,000  acres  each, 
which  are  agaih  fUbdivided  into  100 
convenient  farms,  of  600  acres ;  making 
in  the  whole  s,56o  farms.  This  tra« 
is  well  watered  by  a  multitude  of  finall 
lakes  and  rivers. 

The  refehred  lands  embofomed  m  thia 
traA  are  as  follow  i  a  traft  about  171 
miles  long,  and  10  broad,  including 
the  notthMi  part  of  the  lake  Cayuga* 

2hich  lies  in  the  cen  re  of  it,  to  the 
ayuga  Indians.    The  Indians  have 
a  vilkge  on  each  file  of  the  lakei  and 


m^ 


ivf  tL 


:'  r 


(Mlei^  It  tlfeMrtli iM  \ki  !h  lit.  4t. 
44..ft|i  ntthh;  Oonmwa  Caftle  it  afMnit 
I  Mitet  lbtit&  ttf  the  fttT^,  on  the  eaft 
Mt  of  Dike  Cayitgl.  TheOM6Miig6 
]l!eftiiri(ioA  il  tmifclrnfilyis  tni}e»  btn^, 
fiiii  o  httid)  boiuMlkd  ncn-th  by  the 
riibm  R«fihry«tieln,  and  part  bt  the 
Idwnftfpi  of  Minlhii  ahd  CaAiillui; 
A  Ver^  AmU  part  of  the  foirth  end  of 
••It  lake  is  Withlh  thfe  ReferVation. 
TtJe'Sal't  S^MrM^rlnd  the  Sah  LUkt) 
vyith  a  tafall  portion  of  grouM  on  each 
fkleli  ntkrm}tf  the  State;  tta  Mfat. 
dl  li^.gth  it  «|  ttilfet,  and  the  grtatdft 
b¥^h  of  the  R«6rVattoh  3|. 

MiLlBU)  fil^t  it  tin  the  E.  fide  of 
H\idibh*t  riv'er,  4^  miles  north  of  Al- 
bany* cohfifting  of  rapids  in  the  river, 
ind  fiiferal  ihiiTt  thereon.  It  it  fo  call. 
cd  fitrh  a  littfe  mud  fort  fotrnlKrly  bnilt ; 
there  againft  the  Indians. 

Mil. LEU'S,  or  Payquagit  a  river  of 
MlJWchufetts,  «rhich  rant  W.  by  S. 
and  fallt  into  Cohnfe£tlcut  river,  be- 
tween Northfield  and  Montague.  It  is 
n  heatrtifttl  ftrtem,  thoui;h  in  f6me  pla- 
ces very  rapid.  Its  chief  fource  is  in 
Monomenbck  pond  in  Rihdgt,  New- 
Hampfhire,  ^d  partly  in  Winchendoh } 
Uie  other  in  Naukheag  pond  in  Alh- 
liaiteham.  Thefe  with  various  ftreams 
unite  in  Winchehdon,  and  form  Mil< 
ler's  river. 

Millers,  afettlemeht:  in  Kemuclcy, 
Dn  a  branch  of  Lidcing  river,  3*  miles 
north-eaft  of  Lexington. 

Miller's  falls.    See  Sbutb  Hadlej. 

MiLLER*s.TowN,  in  Northampton 
county,  Peiihiyivanfa,  H  pleaftmtly  fitu- 
nted  on  a  branch  of  Little  Lehigh  river ; 
s6  mile*  8.  W.  of  Eafton,  and  47  N. 
W.  by  N.  of  j^hiladelphia.  It  contains 
about  40  houfes. 

MiLLER*t-TowN.    See  Am/ille. 

MiLLER's-Towfi,  a  fmall  town  in 
Shehandoah  county,  Virginia,  31  miles 
fouth  of  Wincherter.  Two  or  thwe 
miles  from  this  place  is  the  narrow  paft, 
formed  by  the  Shenandoah  river  on  one 
fide,  and  a  fmall  brook  on  the  other. 
It  it  about  a  rod  and  a  half  wide,  and 
s  or  3  long)  on  each  fide  is  a  bank  of 
aboiit  lob  feet  high. 

Mill  Iffand,  hear  the  N.  W.  end 
of  HudfonS  Straitt}  N.  N.  W.  of  Not- 
tineham  I(huid,  and  S.  by  E.  of  Cape 
Comfort,  bvt  nearer  to  the  latter.  N. 
tat.  64. 36.  W.  long.  Ho.  30. 

'  MtLL  J(/baut,  a  finati  iOand  in  that 


branch  of  Chigne^o  Say  wlilch  nfflt 
up  due  north,  whilft  the  Bay  particti- 
Jarly  lb  eaHed,  runs  irt  northeaft.  It 
is  nearly  ^xie  weft  4  hiiles  fi'om  tlie 
ntenirtft  ^int  of  land. 

Millstone,  a  fouth  brat^bof  Ra- 
rilon  river,  in  New-Jerffy^ 

MiLLStONE,  a  pleafaht  rural  vil- 
lage,  fituated  on  the  river  of  its  name, 
14  miles  N.  of  Princeton,  in  New-Jer- 
fey,  containing  the  feat  of  General  Pre- 
linghuyibn,  and  formerly  the  county 
town  df  Somerfet. 

Milltown,  in  the  State  of  Dela* 
tvare,  tWo  miles  from  Wilmington. 

Milltown,  in  Northnrn'oerland 
couhty,  PennCylvania,  on  the  £.'  fide  of 
the  W.  branch  of  Sufquehannah  river, 
containing  about  60  houiin,  and  14  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Su'nbury. 

Milton,  a  townfliip  in  Chittenden 
county,  Vermont,  fituated  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Lake  Charhplaih,  opj^fite  to 
South  Hero  Ifland.  It  is  divided  into 
nearly  equal  parts  by  La  Moille  river, 
which  empties  into  the  lake  in  Colchef. 
ter,  near  the  S.  line  of  Milton.  The 
townfhtp  contains  tit  inhahitMits. 

Milton,  the  UMctadqmffdtt,  or  Un- 
quety  of  the  Ancient  Indians,  a  townfiitp 
in  Norfolk  county,  Maffachufetts  j  ad- 
joining to  Dorchefter,  from  which  it  is 
partly  ieparated  by  Napdnfet  river, 
noted  for  the  excellent  quality  of  irs 
water.  It  is  7  miles  S.  of  Bofton,  and 
contains  1039  inhabitants}  3  paper- 
mills,  and  a  chocolate-mill.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  166  X.  Milton  hill  affords 
one  of  the  fiheft  profpefts  in  America. 

M1LT6N,  a  townmip  in  the  new  coun- 
ty of  Saratdga  in  New-Yoik.  By  the 
State  cenfus  of  1796,  there  were  301  of 
the  inhabitants  who  were  eleftors. 

Milton,  a  military  townlhip  in 
Onondago  county,  KiW-York,  fituated 
on  the  N.  £.  fide  of  Cayuga  Lake,  near 
its  fouthern  extremity;  40  miles  N.  of 
Tioga  river,  and  ai  S.  by  E.  of  the 
ferry  on  the  N.  end  of  Cayuga  Lake. 
It  was  hicorporated  in  i7<^>  By  the 
State  cenfqs  of  1796, 1^1  of  it's  inhabi- 
tants were  electors. 

Milton,  a  fmall  town  in  Albemarle 
county,  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  S.  W. 
fide  or  the  Rivanna,  about  80  miles  N. 
W.  by  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  about 
so  hbufes  and  a  warehotife  for  the  in- 
(}>e6t{dn  of  tobacco. 
MiNAS,  Bajm  ^,'or  ttr  Mmit  Bajt 

forae- 


MIQ. 

fbmctiniw  ilfo  ctUed  £#  Grtmi  fra^\ 
it  a  gulf  on  the^.  E.  fide  of  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  into  which  ita  waters  pafi  by  a 
narrow  ftrait)  and  ftt  up  into  Nova-Sco- 
tia in  an  E.  and  S.  direAion.  It  Is  a- 
bout  30  ieaguea  from  the  entrance  of 
Annapolis*  waA  le  from  the  bottom  of 
Bedford  Bay.  It  is  1*  leagues  in 
length,  'and  three  in  breadth.  See  BafiM 
0/Mimu. 

Ml  HAS,  or  D/  las  Minat  Hillt  is  the 
ijiiddlcmoft  of  the  three  hills,  defcrtbed 
as  marks  within  land  for  Bonaventura 
Bay  and  river,  on  tht  coaft  of  Peru,  in 
S.  America  t  thefe.are  S.  of  Panama 
Bay,  and  in  N.  lat.  3. 10.  W.  long. 
75.  18. 

Mink  au  Fer,  or  Iron  Mitus,  on 
the  £.  fide  of  MiHifippi  river,  is  67$ 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Chickafaw  river,  and 
1 5  S.  by  £.  of  the  Ohio.  Here  the  land 
is  nearly  AmiUr  In  quality  to  that  bor- 
dering on  the  Chickafaw  river,  inter- 
fperfra  with  gradual  rifines  or  fmail  emi- 
nences. There  was  a  poft  at  this  place^ 
near  the  former  S.  boundary  of  Virginia. 

M:nehbad,  a  townfhip  in  Eflex 
county,  Vermont,  on  Conne&icut  river. 

M1N6VN  Jflandst  on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
They  have  tlie  idand  Anticofti  8.  diftant 
10  leagues.    N.  lat.  50.  15.  VV.  long. 

MiNoo-TowN,  an  Indian  town  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  86  mile* 
N.  E.  of  WiU'S-Town,  by  the  Indian 
P<»th,  -\nd  40  fouth-wefterty  of  Pittf- 
burg.  It  (lands  a  few  miles  up  a  iinall 
creek,  where  there  are  fprings  tliat  yield 
the  petralf  a  bituminous  liquid. 

MiNGOBs,  an  Iiulian  nation  who  in-  \ 
habit  near  the  tbuthciD  branch  of  the 
Sciota  river.     Warriors,  50. 

M'NisiNK,  a  village  in  New-Jerfcy, 
on  the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  State,  and 
on  the  weftern  lide  of  Delaware  river ; 
about  5  miles  below  Montague,  and  57 
N.  W.  of  Brunfwick. 

MiNisiNK,  a  townlhip  in  Orange 
coi.nty,  New- York,  bounded  eafterly 
by  the  Wallkili,  and  Ibutherly  by  tli^ 
State  of  New-Jerfey.  It  contains  z,z  1 5 
inhabitants;  of' whom  320  are  entitled 
to  be  eleAort,  and  51  are  flaves. 

MiqtTELON,  a  fmall  defert  ifland, 
«  nfiilcs  5.  W.  of  Cape  May  in  New- 
foundland Ifland..  It  is  the  moft  wefter- 
ly  of  what  have  been  called  the  3  Iflands 
f  f  St.  Pierre,  or  St.  Peter^  and  is  not  fo. 


MI  8  9i$ 

2%tglrM  Ae  odur  tiMt  taut  it*  ftil,  it 
I  my  faKliikrMit,  aoi  it  u  not  mora  ttum 
tlire*<fiM»thB  of  »  Imgue  in  Ingtk* 
There  is  a  paflagfe^  or  cnuincl  froin  the 
wcftwaii  MMig  liy :  the  N.  end  ^f  thk 
ifland  into  Fottune  Bay  on  the  S.  co«i| 
of  Newfouridland.  M.  lat.  ^7.  4.  W. 
long.  55.  55.  {t  it  foffletlmes  called 
Maguelm. 

MiRAOOANB,  a  to^  on  the  N.  ikle 
of  the  fouth  pcnlnfUU  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  and  8.  fide  bf  the  Bi^ht 
of  Leogane,  at  the  head  of  a  \.yy  of  ita 
narnc.  It  is  on  the  rood  fixMn  Jcremie 
to  Pon  au  Prince,  aboa|  31  leagiuea  Ec 
by  S.  of  the  former,  and  •)  W.  <>y  8. 
of  the  latter.    N.  lat.  18.  •7. 

MiRAMiCHi,  or  MiracU,  z  foetf  bay 
and- river  on  the  N.  E.  coafl  of  Ne«^> 
Brunfwick.  The  port  iif  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river.  -  The  entrance  into  the  bay 
is  very  wide)  it  has  Point  Portage  fbr 
its  northern  entrance,  and  its  fouthern 
fide  is  formed  by  Efcuminax  point* 
which  ii  53  miles  N.  E.  of  Shediac  hari. 
hour,  and  34  S.  E.  of  the  mouth  of 
Nippifighit  river,  which  empties  into 
Chaleur  bay.  There  is  a  falmoA  fifliery 
in  Miramafhi  river, 

Mi  Ray  Bay,  on  the  coaft'  of  the 
ifland  of  Cape  ilreton,  is  to  the  8.  trorn 
Morienne  Bay.  Large  veflels  Kitty  go 
up  i  leagues,  and  have  good  anctibrage^ 
and  lie  fecnre  from  all  wind«.  N.  kt. 
46.  5-  W.  long.  59.  49* 

MiRBBALAls,  an  interior  town  in  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Doniiq- 
go,  fituated  nearly  la  leagues  M.  of 
Port  au  Prince,  on  the  road  from  that 
city  to  Varettes ;  from  which  laft  it  ig 
14  leagues  Ibuth-eaft.' 

MisccvHiNs,  a  fmall  tribe  of  In- 
dians who  inhabit  between  Lake  Michi- 
gan and  the  Miflifippi. 

Miscou,  or  Mt/io,  an  ifland  which 
forms  the  S.  fide  of^the  entrance  of  Cha- 
leur Bay,  and  is  now  called  Mufcow  Ifl- 
and. The  gut  of  Chepayan,  about  a  or 
3  leagues  in  '.ugth,  and  in  fome  parts 
near  a  league  v^de,  feparates  it  from  the 
N.  E.  coaft  of  New-Brunfwick.  It  a- 
bounds  with  fait  marfli  hay. 

Misery,  an  ifle  between  Salem  and 
Cape  Ann  in  Maflachufetts. 

MiSKO,  an  ifland  on  the  fouth- weft 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  at  its  mouth. 

MissiNABB  Lake  is  fituated  in  the 
north  part  of  North- America,  in  lat.  48. 
29.  4a.  N.  and  long^  84.  a.  4**  ^* 

X  i  M18SINABB 


St*  MIS 

MtiiriiABi  XXn^  it  fituated  oa  the 
taft  fide  ol  Moole  thnr,  S  milff  Awn 
Miffimbe  lake,  and  to  W.  by  8.  of 
Frederick  Houle  {  and  i«  a  ftation  be. 
longlBg  to  the  Hodfon  Bay  Com- 
pany. 

MissK^AtH  Rhur  Nova-Scotia 
and  N«w.Brunfwick  pravincet  are  fe- 
^arated  by  the  ftveral  windinn  of  thia 
liver,  iran  its  confluence  with  Beau 
Bafin  (at  the  head  of  ChigneAo  chan. 
Iiel)  to  its  rife  or  main  feiirce  {  and  from 
thence  by  a  due  caft  line  to  the  bay  of 
Vcrte»  in  t'u  ftraits  of  Northumbcrlancl. 
See  Hfvt  y,-rwf>m:i. 
.   M>S9JSCovi.  SteiiiMJime, 

MissisiPFi  Riwr.    This  nible  ri- 
ycr*  which,  with  its  eaftem  branches, 
iwatrrs  five  eighths  of  the  United  States, 
"rrn^  their  wc^i  bpimdary*  and  tc- 
fAi^.j»  them  from  theSpanifii  Province 
of  Louifiana  and  the  Indian  country. 
Its  fources  have  never  been  explored  { 
of  Wftt(t  its  length  it  unknown.    It  is 
conjeAured,  h  wever,  to  be  upwards  of 
3,000    i!»«ies   feng.      The   tributary 
ftreams  which  fall  into  it  from  the  weft 
emd  eaft,  are  numeroue,  the  largeft  of 
which  are  the  Miflburi  from  the  weft, 
jmd  the  Illinois,  Ohio,  and  Tenneflee 
Irom  the  eaft.    The  country  on  both 
fides  of  the  Miflifippi,  and  an  its  tribu- 
farv  Arearos,  is  emal  in  goodnefs  to  any 
in  N.  Atiierica.  Tliis  river  is  navigable 
to  St.  Anthony's  Falit  without  any  ob- 
ftruftion,  and  ^e  travellers  delciibe 
it  as  qa/tgable  above  them.    On  both 
^esO'  this  rivet  are  fait  (jprings  or  licks, 
which  produce  excellent  ialt  i  aiid  on  its 
branches  are  innumerable  iiich  i))rsngs. 
BeliJcs  the  cual  mines  in  (he  upper 
parts  of  the  Ohio  country,  there  are 
great  q)<ancitie»  of  coal  P^  the  upper 
branches  of  this  river,     ^ume  account 
of  the  valuable  productions  oi)  th  '  fianirs 
of  chis  majethc  river,  and  the  lands 
which  ith  ':panchcs  water,  will  be  (vtn 
under    the    dd'cription   ui-    X^otiifiana, 
Weft-Florida,  Tenotffce,  Georgia,  Ike. 
&c.'    An  iliand  oi  conjiderablc  Uzt  is 
fornieci   by  its  mouths     befides  many 
fmali.r  tiles      Thr;ic  mouths  are  fitu- 
ated heiwcen   tiie   latitude  of  a^*  and 
30.   N    and   between  the  longitud'ti  of 
89   .4nd  90.  W. 

K«xsso.j»i  River,  in^ouiHana,  fells 

jnto  the  ^hliltiilpt  from  the  weitward, 

_j8  iniivS  Selow  tht   mti6th  of  the  Illi- 

jbui»,  J  ^5  ahonn  lac  mouth  of  tlie  ObiO, 


MIS 

and  about  1  ifio  milea  fion  the  Bailee,  er 
moutha  of  the  Miflifippi  in  the  golf  of 
Mexico.  We  have  not  Itiflicient  know- 
ledge of  this  river  to  give  any  correA  ac- 
count of  the  extent  of  its  na^gaition.  la 
Capt.  Hutchi»s*s  map,  it  is  faid  Id  be 
navigable  1300  miles.  Late  travellers 
up  this  river,  (among  whom,  is  a  French 
gentleman,  a  general  officer,  who  has 
made  a  map  otnis  expedition)  reprefent 
that  the  progrefs  of  fettlcment  by  the 
Spaniards  on  the  8.  and  W.  and  by  tite 
Englifli  on  the  N.  aad  E.  of  the  Mil*. 
fouri,  is  aftonifliing.  People  of  both 
(hefe  nations  have  tirading-hoaTes  Coo  or 
700  miles  up  ^his  nvei.  A  Mr, 
M'Krnzie  has  performed  a  tour  fron^ 
Monti  eal  to  the  South  Sea  {  and  it  ap. 
pears  by  !iis  map  that  by  fliort  portages, 
and  thcfe  not  vtty  numerous,  there  is  a 
water  communication,  without  gpreat  in- 
terruntion,  from  the  Up^^r  Lakes  tq 
Nootka  Souiid,  or  itsneigitbourbood, 

MjsaovRis,  one  of  the  ^nditn  na. 
tions  who  i*  'tabit  the  banks  of  the  above 
river,  having,  it  is  (aid,  1500  warriors. 
Mistake  Bayt  a  large  bay  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  entrance  ot  I>svis*a 
Straits,  anu  to  the  north  of  Hudfim*s 
Straits  {  from  which  it  is  fepamted  by 
a  peninfula  of  the  iiorth  main  on  the  w. 
and  Reiblution  Yfland  on  the  finith.  It 
is  to  the  N.  E.  of  Nieva  Ifland,  and  N. 
W.  of  Cape  Elixabeth. 

Mistaken  C^f,  the  fouth  ptrintof 
the  eaftemmoft  of  the  Hermit<s  Iflaivds, 
is  about  3  leagues  E.  i^.  £.  from  Cape 
Horn,  at  the  extremity  of  S.  America. 
Between  :hefe,  it  is  fuppofixl,  there  is  a 
paflage  into  Naflau  Bay. 

Mistaken  Pomtt  to  the  vireftward 
of  Cape  Race,  at  the  S.  E«  pi>>nt  of  th« 
Id.  nd  of  Newfoundland,  iTtd  to  the 
eaftwsrd  of  Cape  Pine,  is  fo  called  be- 
caufe  it  has  beer  frequently  miftaken 
by  feamen  for  Cape  ilace  tvheii  they 
Hift  iriske  the  ifland  from  the  fo^ith* 
ward,  (.hough  it  is  %  leagues  W.  N.  W. 
trom  jt. 

Ml  STIC,  ur  Mjffic,  a  (hort  vlver 
which  f^ds  into  the  north  fide  of  Bof- 
ton  harbour,  by  a  broad  mouth  on  thf. 
eaft  fide  qf  the  peninfula  of  Chavl^ftown. 
It  is  navigai)le  for  floops  4.  miU»  to  the 
iiiduftrious  Uiyjti  of  Medturd  ^  and  is 
crofted  u  mile  above  its  mouth,  by  a 
bridge  1 30  rods  in  length,  through 
which  veCels  pafs  by  means  of  a  draw. 
MiSTiNSiMS;  an  Indian  nation  who 

t 


MOB 

inhabit  on  the  fouthern  fide  of  the  lake 
of  the  fame  name  in  Lower  Canada. 

MiiTisaiMNY  Laktt  in  Canada,  on 
the  8.  £.  fide  of  which  it  a  Canadian 
Houfe*  or  ftation  for  trade. 

Mitch LLL*t  Eddy,  the  firft  Alia  of 
Merrimack  river,  to  miles  from*  its 
mouth,  and  8  ahove  the  new  bridge 
which  conneAt  Haverhill  with  Brad- 
ford. Thutfar  it  ia  navigable  for  Aipa 
of  burden. 

MiTCMiOAMAS,  an  Indian  nation, 
who  with  the  Piorias  inhabit  near  the 
fettlementa  in  the  Illinois  country.  See 
Fiorias. 

MoAGES  JJUmdst  on  the  N.  coaft  of 
S.  America,  in  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf 
of  Venezuela.  They  extend  from  N. 
to  S.  and  lie  weft  of  the  Ifland  of  Aru- 
ba }  are  8  or  9  in  number,  and  all,  ex- 
cept one,  low,  flat  and  full  of  trees. 
The  fouthernmoft  is  the  largeft. 

Mobile,  a  large  navigable  river, 
formed  by  two  main  branches  the  Aia> 
bama,  and  Tombeckbee,  in  the  ibuth- 
weftern  part  of  Georgia,  juft'  below  a 
confiderable  ifland,  the  fouth  point  of 
which  is  in  about  lat.  31.  s6.  N  and 
long.  87.  55.  W^.  Thence  puri'uing  a 
fouth  cuurfe  into  Wcfl-Florida,  the  con- 
fluent ftream  enters  the  Gulf  cf  Mexico, 
at  Mobile  Point  in  lat.  30.  17.  N.  11 
leagues  below  the  town  of  Mobile.  Large 
veflels  cannot  go  within  7  miles  of  the 
town.  The  breadth  of  th«  bay  is  in  ge- 
neral about  3  or  4  leagues.  Vaft  num- 
bers of  large  alligators  oaflc  on  the  fhores, 
as  well  as  fwim  m  the  rivers  and  lagoons. 
See  Georgia,  Alabama,  TonAeckkiu,  8rc. 
From  the  north- eattern  Iburce  of  the 
waters  of  the  Alai>ama  to  Mobile  Point, 
at  the  mouth  of  Mobile  Bay,  is,  accord- 
ing to  the  beft  maps,  about  460  miles  > 
large  boat  -  can  navigate  350  miles,  and 
cpnoet  much  farther. 

Mjbilb,  a  ci.y  of  Weft- Florida, 
formerly  of  confiderable  fplendor  and 
Importance,  but  now  in  r.ftateof  decline. 
It  t*  pretty  regular,  of  an  oblons  figure, 
and  hru  ted  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river. 
The  iciayof  Mobile  terminates  a  little 
to  klie  north-eaftward  of  thf  town,  in  a 
number  or  marihes  and  lagoons ,  which 
fubjeft  the  people  to  fevers  and  agues 
in  the  hot  ieafon.  It  is  33  miles  rorth 
of  Mobile  Point,  abotit  40  below  the 
jun6lionof  the  two  principal  branches 
of  Mobile  river,  and  30  W.  N.  W.  of 
Fenfacola.  There  are  many  very  elegant 


MOH  317 

houfea  hei«i  inhabited  by  French,  Eac • 
HA,  Scotch,  and  Irifli.  Fort  Cci)dc» 
which  ftands  very  near  the  bay,  t^- 
w)>rd«  the  lower  end  of  the  town,  is  a 
regular  fortrefs  of  brick }  and  there  ia  a 
neat  fquare  of  barracks  for  the  officera 
and  foldiers.  Mobile,  when  in  poflisf. 
fion  of  the  Britifli,  fent  yearly  to  Lon- 
don (kins  and  furs  to  the  value  of  from 
1  a  to  ^i  5,000  flerlin^.  It  furrendered 
to  the  Spanifli  forces  in  1780. 

MoBjACK  Baf,  fets  up  N.  W.  from 
Cheiapcak  Bay,  intoGloucefter  county* 
Virgiui.1,  on  the  N.  fide  of  York  ^iver. 

MocOA,  a  city  of  Terra  Firma,  8. 
America,  fituated  at  the  main  fource  of 
Oronoko  river,  there  called  Inirchin. 

MocoMOKO,  or  Uttli  Oretuh,  a 
gver  to  the  S.  £.  of  the  great  river  O- 
ronoko,  on  the  E.  coaft  of  S.  America, 
4  leagues  weftward  of  Amacum. 

MoDER  and  Daugbttrs  IJUmds,  a 
long  ifland  1  leagues  eaft  by  fouth  of 
the  Father,  or  Vaader  Ifland,  with  % 
fmall  ones,  fo  called,  near  Cayenne,  «n 
the  eaft  coaft  of  S.  America,  not  far 
from  the  Conftables,  and  in  about  lat. 
5.  N.  long.  5a.  W. 

MOGHVLBUGHKITVM,    or   MubuU 

hucktitum,  a  creek  which  runs  weftward 
to  Alleghany  river,  in  Pennfylvania.  It 
is  paflfable  in  flat-bottomed  boats  to  the 
fettlements  in  Northumberland  county. 
Wheeling  is  its  northern  branch. 

Mohawk  River,  in  New- York,  rUes 
to  the  northward  of  Fort  Stanwix,  about 
8  miles  from  Black,  or  Sable  river,  a 
water  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  runs  fouth- 
wardly  lo  miles  to  the  fort,  then  eaft- 
waMly  110  miles,  and  after  receiving 
many  tributary  ftreams,  falls  into  Hud- 
fbn  river,  by  three  mouths  oppofite  to 
the  cities  of  Lanfinburgh  ami  Troy, 
from  7  to  10  miles  N.  of  Albany.  The 
produce  that  is  conveyed  down  this  ri> 
ver,  is  landed  at  Scheneflady,  on  its  S. 
bank,  and  is  thence  conveyed  by  land  16 
miles,  over  a  barren,  fanoy,  flirub  plain 
to  Albany.  It  is  in  contemplation  either 
to  cut  a  canal  from  Schene6tady  to  the 
navigable  waters  of  Hudfon  rivjer,  or 
to  eftablifli  a  turnpike  road  between 
ScheneAady  and  Albaiiy.  This  fim» 
river  is  now  navigable  tor  boatS|  from 
Schenectady,  nearly  or  quite  to  itt 
rource,  the  locks  and  canals  round  the 
Little  Falls,  5$  miles'  above  Albany, 
having  beca  completed  in  the  autumn 
rf  1795 }  ic  thatJX»ts  full  loaded  nor 

X4  paff 


/ 


3st         '      M'bK  MO  I 

paA  them,  llle  canal.  kxraAd  ttwm  U  >diate1y  below  the  bridge,  divklct  into 
iMrly  i •fa  milci  cut almoft the  whole  three  braochee*  wtticn  fonn  fivcral 
«!Ufftaiice  through  ah  uncommonly  hardf   larf;e  iflands.    The  branche*  are  ford 


The  omning  of  tbii  navigation 
ie  of  nreaft  advantage  to  the  commerce 
of  the  state.    A  fliorc  of  at  Icaft  looo 
niUeain  length*  ii»  in  cotifequence  of 
it.  walhed  by  hoatable  watert,  exclufive 
of  all  the  srcat  lakc*>  and  many  million! 
of  acres  or  excellent  tillage  land»  rapidly 
fettlmgf  are  accommodated  with  water 
communicattion  for  conveying  their  pro> 
dfttce  to  market.  The  intervalet  on  both 
iidea  of  thitriver^  are  of  various  width, 
i^kI  now  and  then  interrupted  by  the 
projcAIon  of  the  hills  quite  to  the  banks 
of  the  river)  are  fome  of  the  richeft  and 
heft  lands  in  the  world.    The  fine  farms 
which  embrace   thefe  intervales,    are 
owned  and  cultivated   principally  by 
Dutch  people,  whofe  mode  of^  manag. 
ing  than  would  admit  of  great  improve- 
ment.   The  manure  of  their  bams  they 
cnnfider  as  anuilance,  and  inftead  of 
Spreading  it  on  their  upland,  which  they 
tmnk  of  (little  value,    (their  meadow 
lands  do  not  require  it)  they  either  let 
it  remun  for  yeai-s  in  heaps,  and  re- 
inove  their  bams,  when  accefs  to  them 
becomes  difficult,  or  elfo  throw  it  into 
the  river,   or  the  gullies  and  ftrfcams 
which  communicate   with  it.       The 
banks  of  this  river  were  formerly  thickly 
fettled  with  Indians.     At  the  period 
when  Albany  was  firft  fettled,  it  has 
been  faid  by  refpe£lable  authority,  that 
were  were  800  warriors  in  $cheneQady; 
and  that  300  warriors  lived  within  c 
A>ace  which  is  now  occupied  as  one 
farm.    The  Cohoez  in  this  river  are  a 
great  curiofit^.    They  are  3  miles  fi'om 
Its  entrance  into  the  Hudibn.    The  ri- 
Ver  is  about  lOoo  feet  wide;  the  rock 
over  which  it  pours,  as  ever  a  mill-dam, 
extends  from  S.  W.  to  N.  E.  almoit  in 
iiine  from  one  fide  of  the  river  to  the 
other,  and  is  ^bout  /).o  feet  perpendicu- 
far  height,  and  including  the  defcent 
above,  the  fall  is  as  much  as  60  or  70 
&et.     About  a  mile  below  the  falls,  is 
a  handfome  bridge,    6niflied  in  July, 
3795.     It  is  1 100  feet  in  length,  34  in 
breadth,  and  1 5  feet  above  the  bed  of 
die*  riirer,  which  for  the  moft  part  is 
rock,  and  is  fupported  by  thiiteen  folid 
none  pillars.    It  is  a  free  bridge,    and 
UKluoing  the  expence  of  cutting  through 
a  fedge  on  the  N.  £,  fide  of  Uie  river, 
coft  iZ}09Q  dollar!.    The  river  ipune- 


able  at  low  water,  but  are  dangerous. 
From  the  bridge  you  have  a  fine^view  of 
the  Cohoes  on  the  N.  W. 

Mohawk,  a  branch  of  Delaware 
river.  Its  courfe  from  its  fource  in 
Lake  Uttayantha  is  S.  W.  ^5  miles, 
thence  S.E.  st  miles,  when  it  mingles 
with  the  Popachton  branch }  thence  the 
confluent  ftreain  is  called  Delaware. 

Mohawk,  a  town  on  the  S.  fide  of 
the  river  of  its  name,  in  Montgomery 
county.  New- York,  fituated  in  one  of 
the  moft  fertile  countries  in  the  world. 
It  was  abandoned  by  the  Mohawk  In- 
dians in  the  fprins  of^i 780.  See  Hunitr 
Pert.  The  towiwiip  is  bounded  north- 
erly by  Mohawk  river,  eafterly  and 
(butherly  by  Albany  county.  In  1790, 
it  contained  4440  inhabitants,  including 
III  flaves. 

Mohawks,  an  Indian  nation,  ac- 
knowledged by  the  other  tribes  of  the 
Six  nations  to  be  *'  the  true  old  heads 
of  the  confederacy."  They  were  for- 
merly very  poweri'ul,  and  inhabited  on 
Mohawk  river.  As  they  were  ftrongly 
attached  to  the  Tohnfon  family,  on  ac- 
count of  Sir  William  Johnfon,  a  part  of 
them  emigrated  to  Canada  with  Sir  John 
Johnfon,  as  eaily  as  the  year  1776, 
About  300  of  this  nation  now  refide 
in  Upper  Canada.  See  Hmter  Fort  and 
Six  Nations. 

MOHEGAN,  fituated  between  Nor- 
•vich  and  New-London,  in  Conne£licut. 
rhis  is  the  refulence  of  the  remains  of 
the  Monhegan  tribe  of  Indians .  A  con- 
fiderable  part  of  the  remains  of  this 
tribe  lately  removed  to  Oneida  with  the 
late  Mr.  Occom.     See  Brotbertown. 

Mqhiccons,  a  tribe  of  Indians  who 
inhabit  on  a  branch  of  the  Sufquehan- 
nah  between  Chagnet  and  Owegy.  They 
weie  reckoned  by  Hutch  ins,  about  jo- 
years  ago,  at  1 00,  but  by  Imlayj  in  1 7  7  5 , 
at  only  70  fighting  men.  They  were 
fomierly  a  confederate  tribe  of  tlieDela- 
wares.  Alio  an  Indian  tribe,  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  who  inhabit  near 
Sandiifky,  and  between  the  Sciota  and 
Mufkingum ;  warriors,  60. 

MoiNS,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 

empties  from  tlie  N.  W.  into  the  Mifli- 

fippi,  in  lat.  40.  ao.  N.    The  Sioux 

Indians  defcend  by  this  river. 

MoisiE  Ri'vtKi  on  the  N.  ihore  of 

th9 


'  M  d  N 

the  St.  LiwrcPCCr  U  about  s  letsguet  W.  | 
8.  W.  of  Little  Saguena  river  from  i 
which  to  the  W.  K.  W.  within  the 
Seven  Iflandt,  i*  a  bay  to  called  from 
thefc  iflandt. 
Mobi.  Tbt,  ii  Atuated  in  the  N.  W. 

I  tart  of  the  iiland  of  St.  DomtngOr  i 
eaguea  E.  of  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  and 
is  often  called  by  that  name.  The  Mole, 
though  inferior,  by  a  great  deal,  to  Cape 
IPrancois,  and  Port  au  Prince,  is  tlie 
firtt  port  in  the  iiland  f6r  fafety  in  time 
of  war,  being  ftrongly  fortified  both  by 
nature  and  art.  Count  D*Eftaing,  un- 
der whofe  direAion  thefe  works  were' 
conftraited,  intended  to  have  eltablifiied 
here  the  feat  of  the  Frencli  government } 
but  the  produAions  of  its  dependencies 
were  of  too  little  value  to  engage  his 
fucceflbrs  to  carry  his  plan  into  effeft } 
fo  that  it  is  now  no  more  than  a  garri- 
fon.  It  has  a  beautiful  and  fafe  port, 
and  is  confidered  as  the  healthieft  titua- 
tion  in  St.  Domingo,  by  reafon  of  the 

fturity  of  its  fprings.  The  exports 
rom  Jan.  t,  1789,  to  December  31,  of 
the  fame  year,  were  only  165,6 15  lb. 
cofFee»i6,86ilb.  cotton— 1,8231b.  in- 
digo, and  other  fmall  articles  to  the  va- 
lue of  -^9  livres.  The  value  of  duties 
on  exportation  1,150  dollars  11  cents. 
It  is  4  leagues  W.  of  Jean  Rabel,  1 1 
N.  W.  of  Bombarde,  36  W.  of  Cape 
Francois,  and  17I  W.  by  S.  of  Port  de 
Pabc.  N.  lat.  19.  50.  W.  long.  75,4.8. 

MoLlNE's  Gutt  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of 
the  iiland  of  St.  Chriftopher's  in  the  W. 
Indies,  is  the  firit  rivulet  to  the  S.  E. 
of  Brimftone  Hill,  near  the  mouth  of 
which  is  anchorage  in  5  and  10  fathoms, 
and  a  clear  fliore  j  but  to  the  eaftward 
of  it  ar-r  Tome  Ainken  rocks. 

MoHA,  or  La  GutaoKt  or  The  MoHt, 
a  fmall  ifland,  11^  leagues  S.  W.  of 
Point  I'Epee,  which  is  the  fouth-weft- 
.  ernmoft  point  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
wning, and  14^  leagues  W.  of  the  S. 
W.  point  'of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico. 
|t  is  1  leagues  from  E.  to  W.  and  a 
little  more  from  N.  to  S.  It  has  feve- 
ral  ports  for  fmall  veiTeU,  plenty  of  good 
water,  and  all  that  would  be  neceflfary 
for  fettlements  of  cultup?,  and  the  breed- 
ing of  cattle.  Its  fruit  trees,  and  par. 
ticularly  the  orange,  are  much  extolled. 
A  league  and  a  half  N.  W.  of  Mona  is 
ja  very  fmall  ifland,  called  Monlque,  or 
the  Little  Monkey. 
,    MQM4PK0.CK)   Gf'tatf  a  mountain 


MON  «i9 

fitoated  In  Cheflilre  €0.  Mew-Ha^^ 
(hirci  between  the  towaa  of  Jaffrav  «U 
Dublin,  10  milcf  N*  of  the  Maflaebi- 
fetts  tine,  and  is  mllea  t!.of  Coonuli- 
cut  rivtr.  The  foot  of  the  bill  U  1 S9S 
feet,  and  its  fnmmit  t»s4  feet,  ab«w 
the  level  of  the  fea.  m  bafe  is  5  miWp 
in  diameter  fromN.  to  S„  and  s  from  E. 
to  W.  On  the  fides  are  Iohm  wponx- 
ances  of  fubterraneoui  fires.  Itaituih 
mit  it  a  bald  rock. 

MoNADMoCK,  UjiPfr  C7rMf,  fthijDi 
mountain,  in  Canaan,  in  the  N.  £•  cor« 
ner  of  the  State  of  Vermont. 

MoNAUAN,  a  townfliip  in  York  co* 
Pennfylvania. 

MoN  DAY  Bey,  on  the  8.  fltore  of  the 
flraits  of  Magellan,  in  that  part  ofibe 
ftraits  called  the  Long  Reach,  and  4 
leagues  W.  of  Pillpot  Aiy.  It  is  near- 
ly S.  of  Buckley  Point,  on  the  N.  6At 
of  the  ftrait,  and  affords  good  anchar- 
age  in  10  fathoms. 

Monday,  a  cape  in  the  above  ftrait«» 
7  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Cape  North.  8. 
lat.  53;  11.  W.  long.  75. 10. 

MoNOoN,  on  the  coaft  of  Pern,  oa 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  10  leaguea  N« 
of  the  harbour  of  Guarmey,  and  4  lea- 
gues from  Bermejo  Iflanot  which  liea 
between  the  former  nlaces.  Cafina  ia 
4  leagues  N.  of  it.  Mongon  is  knovm 
at  fea  by  a  great  moimtain  juft  over  it, 
which  is  feen  farther  than  any  others  on 
this  part  of  the  coaft. 

MoNooN,  Cdi^,  onthe  S.  fideof  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  3000  fathonM 
N.  of  Point  Bahoruco  and  the  river  Na- 
yauco,  and  nearly  S.  of  the  little  port 
of  Petit  Trou. 

Monhegan,  or  Metthegottt  a  fmall 
ifland  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  i»  mike 
fouth-eafterly  of  Pemaquid  Point,  ia 
Lincoln  co.  Diftri£t  of  Maine,  and  in 
kt.  43.  41.  North  of  it  are  a  number 
of  fmall  ifles  at  the  mouth  of  St.  George's 
river.  Captain  Smith  landed  his  party 
here  in  1614.'  The  chimneys  and  re- 
mains of  the  houfes  are  yet  to  be  ieen* 

MoNETou  JJlandsy  in  the  N.W.  Ter- 
ritory, lietowardti  rhe  £.  fide  of  the  Mi- 
chigan Lake,  towards  its  N.  end,  and 
fuuthward  of  Beaver  Iflands. 

MoNKTON,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon 
county,  Vermont,  E.  of  FeiTiflturghy 
and  contains  450  inhabitants. 

MoNKToN,  a  townfliip  in  Annapolis 
county,  Nova-Scotia,  inliabited  by  Aca- 
diansf  and  a  few  families  from  New- 
England. 


I|9  M  O  til 

BnglMid.    It  Iks  partly  on  th«  bafon  of 
•        *  ^    Miry»« 

wood-nnd 
i  about  60 
tenKM. 

MONCLOTA,  a  town  of  NcwLeon, 
M.  Amertcat  fituatcd  8.  E.  of  Con- 


juif ■no.    ix  iMi  paniy  on  \tn  1 
AiiMpelUt  ami  partly  on  St. 
lav»  andconfifti  chiefly  of  wo 
a«f  Ah<narfli.    It  contains  ak 


MoN  MotTTMt  a  hrge  maririme  cotm- 
ty  «f  Ncw>Jcri«y>  of  a  triangular  fliape, 
ivmilca  in  length*  and  from  as  ^  4<>  >» 
fcvcadthi  bouiMcd  north  by  part  of  Ra- 
iHen  Bay,  N.  W.  by  Middldfai 


CO. 

S.  W.  Iw  Burlington'i  and  E.  bv.  the 
•cwttb  It  it  diTidcd  into  6  townmipt, 
nnd  contahM  16,91 1  inhabitant*,  inchxl* 
ing  1 596  davea.  The  face  of  the  coon- 
IT  b  generally  level,  hav&ig  bnt  few 
Ub.  The  mot  noted  of  thefe  are  the 
ivb-landa  of  Navefink  and  Centre- 
MM,  Stt  MiHkto>wm.  A  great  part 
of  the  county  it  ^  a  fiindy  foil  (  but 
•Iher  ynn%  are  firrtib.  There  ia  a  vcrv 
curiout  cave,  now  in  niina ,  at  the  mouth 
ofNav^finli  river,  30  fe«t  long  and  15 
wide,  and  contains  three  archra  apart« 
aaenta. 

MoHMOVTH,  or  FretkoUt  *  poft- 
town  of  New- Jerfey,  and  capital  of  the 
above  00.  fmiated  at  miles  N.  E.  by  E. 
•f  AUentown,  34  eaft  of  Trenton,  14  S. 
W.  by  S.  et  Sbrewibury,  and  64  N.  E. 
by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
covrt-houfc  and  gaoK  and  a  few  compaft 
dweUnqp-houies.  This  town  i*  remark- 
able for  the  battle  fought  within  its  li- 
mits on  the  a7th  of  June,  1 77S,  between 
the  armbs  ot  General  Washington  and 
Sir  Henry  Clinton.  The  latter  having 
cvacuatea  Philadelphia,  was  on  hit 
march  to  New- York.  The  lofs  of  the 
Amerbans,  in  killed  and  wounded,  was 
about  »50  i  that  of  the  BrittOi,  inchifive 
of  prifoners,  was  about  3  50.  The  Bri- 
tilh  purfued  their  march  the  ni^ht  after, 
without  the  lofs  of  their  covermg  pany 
or  baggage.   See  FreehoU. 

Monmouth,  a  fmaU  poft-town  in 
Lincoln  co.  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Androfcogein  river,  15  miles  W.  byS. 
of  HalloweU  court-houl'e,  5  wefterly  of 
Winthrop,  10  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Greene, 
49  N.  of  Portland,  and  i&o  N.  by  E.  of 
fiofton. 

MoNMOVTH  Cattt  on  the  E.  fids  of 
the  Straits  of  Magellan,  about  halfway 
from  the  fouthern  entrance  of  the  fecond 
Narrows  to  the  ibuth.eaft  angle  of  the 
ftraits  oppofite  Cape  Forward. 


MOK 

MoNMOVTH  (Imm/,  ont  of  the  four 
iflands  of  Royal  Reach,  in  the  Straits 
of  Magellan,  and  the  iccond  tirom  the 
weftward. 

MONOCACY,  a  river  which  afto*  a 
S.  S.  W.  courfe,  empties  into)  the  Pa- 
towmac,  about  50  miles  abdve  George- 
town. 

MoNONOAHELA  J?it;tfr,  a  branch  of 
the  Ohio,  is  400  ynrdt  wide  at  its  junc- 
tion, with  the  Alleghany  at  Pirtiburg;. 
It  is  deep,  gentle  and  navinible  with 
batteaux  and  barges  beyond  Reil  Stone 
Creek,  and  ft  ill  further  with  lighter 
craft.  It  rifet  at  the  toot  of  the  Laurel 
Mountain  in  Virginia,  thence  meander- 
ing  in  a  N.  by  E.  direAion,  paflfcs  into 
Penniyrvania,  and  receives  Cheat  river 
from  the  S.  S.  E.  thence  winding  in  a 
N.  l^  W.  courfe,  feparates  Fayette  and 
Wcmnoreland  from  Wafliington  coun- 
ty, and  paffing  into  Albghany  eoimty, 
joins  the  Albghany  river  at  Ptttfturg 
and  form  A  the  Ohio.  It  is  300  yartb 
wide  I  a  or  15  miles  from  its  mouth, 
where  it  iTceives  the  YoughiogaiU 
from  the  fouth-eaft,  wlMch  is  navigable 
with  hattraux  and  barges  to  the  foot  of 
Laurel  hill.  Thence  to  Red  Stone,  at 
Fort  Byrd,  by  water  ia  50  milea,  by 
land  30.  Thence  to  the  mouth  of  Cheat 
river,  by  water  40  miles,  by  land  a8  j 
the  width  continuing  at  300  yards,  and 
the  navigation  good  for  boats.  Thence 
the  width  is  aliout  too  vavds  to  the 
weftem  fork,  $0  miles  higner,  and  the 
navigation  frequently  interrupted  by  rt-^ 
pids  {  which,  however,  with  a  fwell  of 
a  or  3  feet,  become  very  paffaKle  for 
boats.  It  tlwn  admits  Keht  boats,  ex- 
cept in  dry  feafons,  65  mues  fiirther,  to 
the  head  ofTvgart's  Valley,  prefenting 
only  ibme  fmall  rapids  and  falls  of  one 
or  two  feet  perpendicular,  and  ledeningin 
its  width  to  10  yards.  The  weftem 
fork  is  navigable  in  the  winter,  towarda 
the  northern  branch  of  the  Little  Kan- 
haway,  and  will  admit  a  good  waggon 
toad  to  it.  From  the  navigable  waters 
of  the  fouth-eaftemmoft  bratich  of  the 
Monongahela,  there  is  a  portage  of  10 
miles  to  the  fouth  branch  of  I^itowmae 
river.  The  hills  oppofite  Pittibiirg  on 
the  banks  of  this  river,  which  are  at 
leaft  300  feet  high,  appear  to  be  one  fo- 
lid  body  of  coal.  On  thie  Pike  run  of 
this  river,  a  coal  hill  has  been  on  fire  10 
years  j  yet  it  has  burnt  away  on|y  ao 
yards. 

'  M0N0NOALIA> 


If  ON 

MoMOVOALiA,  a  county  in  the  N. 
W.  part  of  Virginia,  about  40  milw 
Ipfig  an4  30  broad,  ud  contains  4,7!! 
iababitantii  including  iSAflavM. 

MoNPOX.  a  city  of  Terra  Flrma, 
about  75  milct  8.  £.  by  E.  of  Toiu* 

M0N8IAO  Apr,  in  Lincoln  county, 
OiftriA  of  Maine,  ia  inaratcd  from 
Sbeiplcut  river,  by  the  ffland  of  Jerc. 
my^uanu 

MomOM,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire 
Cpunty,  Malbchufirtte,  B.  of  Brirofield, 
•nd  to  miles  8.  W.  by  W.  of  Bofton, 
and  5*  from  Portfinouth.  It  was  inoor. 
poratcd  in  17(0,  and  contains  isji  in. 
habitants* 

MONSiis,  the  third  tribe  in  rank  of 
the  XMaware  nation  of  Indians. 

M«iiiT40Vi,  a  townfliip  in  Hamp- 
(hire  co.  Mafljuzbufetts.  on  tlie  E.  bank 
9f  ConoeSicut  river,  between  Sunder- 
land and  Wcndel,  about  it  miles  north 
of  Northampton,  and  97  miles  weft  by 
north  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1753,  and  contains  906  inhabitants.. 
A  company  was  incorporated  in  179s 
to  build  a  bridge  over  the  river  here. 
The  work  has  not  yet  been  completed. 

MoNTACUifthe  northemmoft  town- 
fliip  in  New- Jeriffw,  is  fituated  in  Suflex 
CO.  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Delaware  river, 
pibout  5  miles  N.  E.  of  Minifink,  and  17 
por^h  of  Newtown.  It  contain*  543  in- 
habitants, including  *$  flaves. 

MoNTApuR,  the  largeft  of  the  fmall 
ifland^  in  Prince  Wil'iam^s  8ound,  on 
the  N.  W.  coaft  of  North-America. 

MONTAVK  Pomtt  the  eaftern  extre- 
mity of  Long-Ifland,  New. York.  A 
jtra^  here,  called  TurtU  HiU,  has  been 
c«ded  to  the  U.  States  for  the  purpofe 
of  building  a  light-houfe  thereon. 

MoMTB  Cbrtftt  a  cape,  bay,  town, 
and  river,  on  the  north  iide  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo.  The  cape  is  a  very 
high  hill,  in  the  form  of  a  tent,  cailetl 
by  the  French  Capt  la  Grange f  or  Barn, 
!lt  is  fltuated  in  lat.  19.  54.  30.  N.  and 
in  long.  74.  9.  "30.  W.  of  Paris.  A 
ftrip  of  level  land  joins  it  to  the  territory 
of  Monte  Chrift,  and  it  is  owing  to  this 
that  the  cape  has  been  taken  for  an  ifl> 
and.  It  is  14  leagues  N.  E.  by  £.  .<5 
Cape  Francois,  where  it  may  be  I'een  ir 
a  cwar  day  with  tlks  naked  eye.  After 
doubling  this  cape,  we  find  the  bay  of 
Monte  Chrift  running  nearly  S.  W. 
It  is  formed  by  Cape  la  Grange,  on  one 
JQde,  aikl  Point  des  Dunes  (Down  Point) 


M  O  N  3SI 

onthcolhcrt  about <,soo6tboaM ate. 
der.  The  bay  is  about  1,400  hAotm 
det^ and  iu  windingU nearly 4lea|Mb 
About  900  fathools  from  the  cast,  4i. 
fccndinp  tho  bay,  we  llnd  the  lifflt  MU 
and  of  Monte  Chrift,  i$o  fathoms  from 
the  flioie.  One  amy  Ihil  betwsmtha 
two,  witu  a,  4,  and  5  fiuhoms  watarg 
and  about  a5o  ftthoma  further  on,  in 
anohurage  in  from  6  to  le  fathoms.  A 
league  and  a  quarter  from  Cape  In 
OnuM,  is  a  battery  intended  to  pntift 
a  landing  place,  of  100  fathom*  wide, 
which  is  below,  and  oppofite  the  town 
of  Monte  Chrift.  The  town  of  Monte 
Chrift  ftandins;  at  too  fiithoms  from  dit 
Tea  fide,  rifts  in  form  of  an  arophitheatm 
on  the  fide  of  the  coaft,  which  is  vfrr 
high  all  round  this  bay.  The  towfl  h 
soo  fiithoms  fquare,  which  l]|>ace  is  dU 
vidcd  into  9  puts,  cut  by  two  ftretta 
runnhiff  from  E.  to  W.  and  two  others 
from  N.  to  8.  It  wu  founded  hi  i  s%%p 
abandoned  in  1606,  and  now  but  a  poor 
phce,  deftitute  of  every  relburce  but 
that  of  cattle  raifed  in  iu  territory,  and 
fold  to  the  French.  The  town  and  ter- 
ritory contabi  about  3,000  fouls.  Then 
is  a  trifling  garrilbn  at  Monte  Chrift. 
About  a  league  from  the  battery,  fol- 
lowing tlie  winding  of  the  bay,  is  tha 
river  of  Monte  Chrift,  or  more  proper- 
ly, the  river  Vaqui.  The  laiul  round 
the  town  if  barren  and  Tandy  {  and  the 
river  contains  great  numbers  of  croc6- 
diles.  Monte  Cnrift  is  a  port  well  known 
to  American  fmugglers,  and  carries  oil  s 
great  commerce  from  its  vicinity  to  the 
French  plantations.  In  the  time  dl 
peace,  all  the  produce  of  the  plaui  of 
Mariboux  fituated  between  Fort  Dau- 
phin and  Mancenillc  Bay,  is  fliipped 
here,  and  in  a  war  between  France  and 
Britain,  it  ufed  to  be  a  grand  market,  to 
which  all  the  French  in  the  north  part 
of  the  ifland  ient  their  produce,  and 
where  pureh-tfers  wire  always  ready. 

MONTK  ChriJI,  a  chain  of  moun- 
tains which  exttnd  parallel  to  the  north 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  fiom 
the  bay  of  Monte  Chrift,  to  the  bay  of 
Samana  on  the  E.  Two  large  rivers 
'ill  in  oppofite  directions  along  the 
rouihem  hde  of  this  chain.  The  river 
Monte  Chrift  or  Yaqui  in  a  W.  by  S. 
direAion,  and  Yiina  river  in  an  E.  by 
S.  courfe  to  the  bay  of  Samana.  They 
both  rife  near  La  Vega,  and  have  nume- 
rous bi'anches. 

MONTEGO 


MdNTvGO  Bin  n  on  the  IST.  fide  of 
tIleUlaiKt<^JaihaiGa»  ao  miies  E.  j^yN. 
of  Luce*  liicbaur,  and  s  s  .W.  of  Martha 
Bftifc/  Thif 'was  formerly  a  flouriflking 
sisd  oj>«iknt  town :  it  condftcd  of  axs 
fcouft|>  31  of  wbtch  were  capital  ftores, 
aiuf  i^ntainrj  about  6J0  whiee  ir.habi. 
taats.  The  number  of  topfail  vefleU 
«^i<h  cleared  annually  at  this  port  were 
al«oitt  150,  6f  which  70  were  capital 
4upt }  but  in  this  arcount  are  included 
part  of  chofe  which  entered  at  KingA 
ten.  This  5ne  town  was  almoft  total- 
ly dcftroyed  hy  an  accidental  ^re,  in 
Jnly,  1795}  the  damage  wfts  eftimated 
at/.£oo,ooo  fterling. 

MoNTBViDEO>  u  ha^  and  town  of 
Xa  Piata  or  Paraguay,  m  S.  America, 
firuated  on  the  northern  fide  of  La  Pla- 
ta river,  in  lat.  34.'  30.  S.  It  lies  E*  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  and  hns  its  name  from  a 
mo'jntain  which  overloo|c$  it,  about  lo 
lta;^s  from  Cape  Santa  Maria,  at  the 
mourh  of  the  Plata. 

Montgomery,  a  nev  coimty  in 
tbe  Upper  Diftri£t  of  Georgia. 
"Montgomery,  a  county  of  New- 
Tork,  at  Aril  called  Tryoh,  but  its  name 
waa  changed  to  Montgomery  in  17841 
bV  aA  of  the  Leglflature.  It  rcnr,ft«{ 
of  SI  townfliipe^  which  contained  29;^48 
inhabitants,  according  to  the  cenliis  of 
i79i>  Since  that  period  the  counties 
of  Herfcemer  and  Oti'ego  have  been 
ertAed  out  of  it.  It  is  now  bounded 
N,  and  W.  by  Htrkemer,  £.  by  Sara- 
toga, S.  by  Schoharie,  and  S.  W.  by 
Oti'ego  CO.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796, 
it  ie  divided  tnto  8  townlhips }  and  of 
tbe  inliabitants  of  thefe  )37o  are  quali- 
6ed  eleflors.     Chief  tov  1,  Jolinfton. 

MoNTGOMEftY,  a townlhip  in  Uifter 
CO,  New -York,  bounded  .  eaft-rly  by 
X^e^-Windfor  ami  Newburgh,  and  con- 
tains 35S3  inhabitants,  including  236 
ibves.  By  the  Tiate  cenlUs  of  1796, 
497  of  the  inhabitants  were  qualified 
electors. 

MONTGOMBRY,  afovt  in  New- York 
Stave,  ittuated  in  the  High  Laud?,  on  the 
W.  bank  cf  Hndfon's  river,  or  the  N, 
fide  of  Popelop's  Creek,  on  which  are 
xome  iroii-woiks,  oppofite  to  St.  Antho- 
ny's Nofe,  6  mllcb  S.  of  VV.Poinf,  and  51 
fi-om  New-York  city.  The  fort  is  now 
in  ruins.  It  was  reduced  by  the  Britifli 
in  Oftobci,  1777.     See  Mnthony*s  Nofe, 

MONTGOMRRY,     a    tOWilihlp  ijl 

Franklin  county,  Vcimoir, 


'  M  ON    . 

MoRTGOMtRY,  «towfiih!p!»  Hsmp. 
<hi(e  co;  MafikchuArttt,  100  miles  fronf 
Bofton.  It  was  incorpor-ited  in  i7to» 
and  contains  449  inhabitants, 

Montgomery,  a  county  in''  Penn- 
fylvania,  33  miles  in  length,  and  17  in 
brculthj,  N.W.  of  PhHadclphia  county^ 
It  is  divided  intoa6townfhipSi  and  con. 
tains  22,919  inhabitants,  inchiding  114 
Haves.  In  this  caimty  ar .  )S  grift- mills, 
61  faw-mills,  4  forges,  u  fu$ng  mills, 
and  10  paper-.^iUs.  Chief  town,  |^or« 
ritown, 

Montgomery,  a  townfliip  in  the 
above  county.  There  is  alfo  a  town(hip 
of  this  name  in  Franklin,  county. 

Montgomery,  a  coimty  in  Salif, 
bury  diftri£l,  N.  Carolina,  containing 
4725  inhabitants,  including  834flaves. 

Montgomery,  ;\  county  of  Virgi- 
nia, S.  of  Botetourt  county.  It  is  about 
100  miles  in  length,  and  44  in  hrea^th, 
and  contains  fome  lead  mines.  Chief 
town,  Chriftianftnurg. 

Montgomery  Court-Houfe,  inVij^ 
ginia,  id  28  miles  from  Anion  court- 
houfe,  a6  from  Wythe  court-houfe,  ajtd 
40  from  Salisbury.  It  is  on  the  pgft- 
road  from  Richmond  to  Kentucky.  A 
poft  office  is  kept  here. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Mary, 
land,  on  Patowmac  river.  It  contains 
18,003  inhabitants,  including  6,039 
(laves. 

Mo KTGOiazvY  Court- Houfe,  in  the 
abovp  county,  is  »8  miles  S.  E.  by  S.  of 
Frederickitown,  14.  north  by  weft  of 
George- town  on  the  Patowmac,  and  35 
fouth-wcfterly  of  Baltimore. 

Montgomery,  a  new  cornty  In 
Tensieffet  State,  Mero  diftrift.  Thia 
and  Kobertlbn  county  are  the  territory 
formerly  called  Tennejfee  Countjt  the 
name  of  which  ceafcs  fince  the  State 
h^s  taken  that  name, 

Montmokin,  a  new  town  on  the 
north  bank  x)f  Ohio  river,  18  miles 
below  Pittfjurgh,  fituated  on  a  beautiful 
plain,  very  fertile^,  and  abounding  with 
coal. 

Mo  NT  PC  MS  r,  a  townfhip  in  Cale- 
donia CO.  Vermont,  on  the  N.  E.  fide  of 
Onion  river.  It  has  118  inhabitants^ 
and  is  43  miles  from  Lake  Champlain. 

Montreal,  the  fecond  city  in  rank 
m  Lower  Canada,  ftands  on  an  ifland 
in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  which  is  10 
leagues  in  length  and  4  in  breadth,  and 
has  its  name  iiom  a  very  high  mountain 

about 


trrw 

ftbotit  tlie  tnitkl'.j  of  it  which  it  Qxtht  to 
overiook.lik«  s  monarch  ftHm  hi*  throne ; 
hence  the  French  called  it  Mot^^tal  or 
Royal  Moutitaitt.  While  the  French 
had  pofleflton  of  Canada,  both  the  city 
add  tfland  of  Montivai  beloitgec'  to  pri- 
vate proprietors,  who  had  improved  them 
fo  well  that  the  whole  ifland  had  become 
a  deligl'tful  fpot,  and  produced  eveiy 
thii^  that  couki  adaitnifter  to  the  con- 
venience of  life.  Thei;ity,  around  which 
is  a  vf  y  good  wall,  biiilt  by  Louid  XIV. 
of  France,  fontls  an  obbng  fquare,  di- 
vided by  regular  and  well  fornsed  ftrests  j 
and  wher*  taken  by  the  Britifli,  the 
hoiifesi  were  built  in  a  very  handfome 
manner  ,  and  eveiy  houle  might  be  feen  at 
one  view  from  the  harbour,  or  from  the 
ibuthemmoft  fide  of  the  liver,  as  the 
hill  on  the  fide  on  which  the  town  Qaads 
falls  .gradually  to  the  water.  Montreal 
contains  about  6ogt  houfes,  few  of  them' 
elegant ;  but  fmce  it  fell  into  the  bands 
of  the  Britith  in  1760,  it  has  fufFered 
much  from  fire.  A  regiment  of  men 
are  Rationed  here,  and  the  governnie,nt 
of  the  place  borders  on  the  military. 
It  is  about  half  a  league  from  the  fouth 
iliore  of  the  river,  179  miles  fouth- 
weft  tf  Quebec,  Trois  Rivieres  being 
aboxU  half  way  J  110  north  by  weft  of 
Crown  Poir.i  {  308  north  by  weft  of  Bof- 
ton,'and  350  north  byeaft  of  N^'i^ara. 
Northlat.45.  35.weiUong.  73.  See 
St.  Lawrence.  The  river  St.  Lawrence 
is  about  three  miles  wide  at  Montreal. 
There  is  zn  ifland  nea^  this  middle  of  the 
river  oppoftte  the  city,  at  the  lower  end 
of  which  is  a  mill  with  8  pair  of  ftones, 
«il  kept  in  motion,  at  the  fame  time,  by 
one  wheel.  The  works  are  faid  to  have 
coft  ^.  1 1,000  fterling.  A  large  mound 
offtone,  &c.  built  out  into  the  river, 
ftops  a  iuificiehcy  of  water  to  keep  the 
-mill  in  continual  motion.  And  what  is 
very  curious,  at  the  end  of  this  mound 
or  (lam,  veflels  pafs  agaiitfi:  tiie  ftream, 
•  wlHle  the  mill  is  in  motion.  Perhaps 
there  is  not  another  mill  of  the  kind  in 
the  world. 

MoNTRE  AL,a  riverwhich  nmsnorth- 
eaftwan!  into  X.ake  Supeaor,  on  the 
fouthem  fide  of  the  lake. 

Montreal  Bay  lies  towards  thcE. 
end  of  Lake  Superior,  having  an  ifland 
at  the  N.  W.  fide  of  its  entrance,  and 
N.  E.  of  Caribou  ifland. 

MoNTROUts,  atown  in  the  weft  part 
of  theiflsuid  of  St.  Domingo,  at  the  head 


M  0  <l 

of  thr  Bight  Qf  |»eogskB<^  slettne*  li«i^ 
eaft  of  St.  Mark,  ai4  if  nonh«-wMI^ 
Fort  «u  PrfJicf .  ^      -^ 

MoNT^EkiiAT,  olM^9ftheCartt|l«i| 
iflands,  an<i  the  finalleft  «^  them  h|  tl) 
Atlantic  Ocean.     Columbus  A{t 
it  in  i4$3.  It  is  of  a^' oval  farm,  jleq^ej 
in  length,  and  as  maify  in  bre:idth,  coBft^j 

taining  about  30,000  acres  of  .lan^f  oif 
which  ahnofc  two-thirds  are  very  moo%f 
taiinous.  or  very  ban^n.  Tho  cuUiva»<| 
tion  of  fugar  occupies  0000  acresj  j^gtb- 
ton,  fH-ovifton  and  pafturage  hasp  *oo« 
acres  allotted  for  each.  No  othW  ^k 
}Hcal  fta  pies  are  raifed.  The  prodl«c« 
tions.were,  on  an  average*  from  i784-t9 
1788,  2737  hhds  of  fugar,  of  i4cwt. 
each,  1 107  punch^ns  of  nnnVanJ  a7s 
bales  of  cotton.  The  total  exportii 
from  Montierrat  and  Nevis  in  i78jf, 
were  in  value  214^14.11.  i6s..8d.  oc 
whi»h  the  value  of  i^3)9Sil'.  i«8.  €d. 
w^as  exported  to  the  American  States. 
The  inliabitants  of  Montferrat  amoiuic 
to  1300  whites,  and  about  10,000  ne- 
groes. Tlie  Hrft  fettlers,  in  163  v were 
Iriflimen,  and  tlte  prefcHt  inhahitaat* 
are  chiefly  their  detcendants,  or  othflr 
natives  of  Ireland  iince  fettled  there,  bjr 
which  means  the  Irifh  language  is  pre. 
ferved  there  even  5»mong  jhc  negroes^ 
The  ifland  is  furrounded  with  rocki^ 
and  the  riding  before  it  is  veiy  precari- 
ous and  dangerous  on  the  approach  of  a 
tornado,  having  no  haven.  It  has  ooiy. 
three  roads,  vi?.  Plymouth,  Old  Har- 
bour, and  Kei's  Bay  j  where  they  ace 
obliged  to  cbferve  the  fane  methods  as 
at  St.  Chriflopher'sin  Io;\ding  or  un- 
loiidiqg  the  veffels.  It  lies  yo  miles  S. 
W.  of  Antigua ;  the  fame  diftance  S. 
E;  of  Nevis,  and  is  fubjeil  to  iGreat- 
Britain.    N.  lat.  16.  47.  W.  long.  tiz. 

M'ONTSIOUGK,  a  river  or  bay  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  Diitrift  of"  Maine,  which  com- 
municate'i  with  the  rivers  Sheepfcut  and 
Kennebrck. 

MOKTVILLE,  a  townfhip  in  New- 
London  CO.  Conneflicut,  about  10  miles 
N.  of  New-London  city.  It  has  aosj 
inhabitants. 

Monument  Baji,  on  the  eaft  coaft 
©f  Maffachufetts,  is  formed  by  the  bend- 
ing of  Cape  Co'f  It  is  fpacious  and 
convenient  for  the  pr6te£lion  of  fliip- 

piog* 

Moore,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  ip 
Fayette  diftrift.    It  contains  3770  in- 
habitants, 


3^4  Uoo 

htkHtuitf,  kmUnAing  371  flam.  Chief 

tBWBy  AIlORUnMI* 

where  a  poft-effce  b  iupt,  !•  38  miles 

lifionIUndoi^court-houle»aikl4c  Mm 
rncttevilie* 

Mo«RriiL9,  in  Newjerfar,  it 
nOea  eafterty  of  PhikKlelphhi. 

Mooitt  Art,  a  pbcc  to  called  in  8. 
CurolfaB,  is  a  <^penlona  bhtflT,  or  hich 
verpendicohur  bank  of  earth  00  me 
f^mUna  ffiore  of  Savwwah  river,  per- 
hapa  90  or  100  ftet  above  the  common 
tamet  of  the  water,  exhibitiiy  the  fm- 
gnfaur  and  pkafing  ibcAaele  to  a  (bran- 
Igor,  of  prodiffious  walls  of  parti*  coloured 
tavtlu,  chimy  chyt  and  marl,  as  red, 
laown,  yellow,  bhie,  purple,  white,  &c. 
m  horfaontal  ftrata,  one  over  the  other. 
A  fort  formerly  ftood  here,  before  the 
•nftion  of  one  at  Augufta,  from  ^ich 
k  ftodd  a  little  to  the  north-eaft.  The 
water  now  occupies  the  fpot  on  which 
hM  nrtRood* 

liO0lil*s  Cmit  is  16  miles  from 
WBnrinfton,  in  North  Carolina.  Here 
General  M'Donald.  ^th  about  1,000 
foydilb,  were  defeated  (af^er  a  re- 
treat of  eighty  miles,  and  a  defperate 
angafement)  by  General  Moore,  at  thn 
haid  of  too  continentalb.  General 
M<l>omild  and  the  flower  of  his  men 
ware  killed. 

MoORFiBLDS,  a  poft-town,  and  the 
/Capital  of  Hardy  co.  Virginia,  fituated 
Mm  theeaft  fide  of  the  Ibuth  branch  of 
Fitowmac  river.  It  contains  a  court- 
liouie,  a  gaol,  and  between  60  and  70 
Miifes.  It  is  95  miles  from  Romnnr» 
75fn}m  Winchefta-,  and  iSofiromRich- 
Biond. 

M008£  River»  rifes  in  Mifinabe  lake, 
a  fhort  diftance  from  Michipicoten  riv- 
er, a  water  of  Lake  Superior,  and  pur- 
ftws  a  north-eaftem  courfi;,  receiving, 
libout  1 1  miles  from  its  mouth,  a  large 
fouth  branch,  and  empties  into  the  fouth- 
cmpart  of  James's  Bay,  N.America,  by 
the  litme  mouth  with  Abbitibee  river. 
Moote  Fort,  and  a  fa£lory  are  fituated 
at  the  roourh  of  this  river,  N.  lat.  51.16. 
W.  long.  ti.  51.  and  Bnmfwick  Houfe 
it  en  its  weft  bank,  about  lat.  50.  30. 
Round  the  bottom  of  James*s  Bay,  from 
Albany  Fort  and  river,  on  the  weft  fide, 
to  Rupert's  river  on  the  eaft  fide,  the 
woods  afford  iargre  timber  trees  of  vari- 
ous kinds,  ah  oak,  a(h,  befides  the  pine, 
cedar,  fpruce,  &c.  Up  Moofe  river  be- 


ymld  Imnrwiek  honfe  it  a  fall  of  ^ 
feet,  above  wUch  it  is  deep  aild  haidga. 
ble  fhra  great  diftancc}  tie  foil  and 
the  climate  above  the  fall  ire  fiiid  to  be 


ootB /UvMT,  a  fhort  llream  in  tirafi 
vm  conntv,  New-Hampfliine,  which  run* 
north-eaCerly  from  the  White  Moim- 
t^ns  into  Amarifcoggin  river. 

MeosBHiAD  LoM,  or  Mt$Jk  Fntt, 
in  Lincoln  CO.  Diftrift  of  Mahw,  is  an 
uregokur  fhaped  body  of  water,  which 
gives  rife  to  the  eaftmi  branch  of  Ken-> 
nebec  river,  which  unites  with  the  other, 
above  Norridgewock,  about  ao  miles  S. 
of  the  lake.  The  hdce  is  iiiid  to  be  3 
times  as  larse  as  Lake  George.  There 
are  very  high  mountains  to  tM  north  and 
weft  of  the  lake)  and  from  thefe  the 
waters  run  by  many  channels  into  the 
St.  Lawrence. 

MOOSBHILLOCK,  the  hi|heftofthe 
chain  of  mountains  in  New-Hampfliire, 
the  White  Mountains  exceptecl.  It 
takes  its  name  finom  its  havine  been  for* 
ncrly  a  remarkable  range  for  moofr, 
and  liea  70  miles  weft  of  the  Whiie 
Mountains.  From  its  N.  W.  fide  pro» 
ceeds  Baker's  river,  a  branch  of  Pemi- 
gewaflit,  which  is  the  principal  branch 
ofMeriimack.  On  this  motuitain  liiow 
has  beev  (een  fiom  the  town  of  Newbu- 
ry, Vermont,  on  the  30th  of  June  and 
31ft  of  Auguft|  and  on  the  mountains 
intervening,  fnow,  it  is  faid,  lies  the 
whole  year. 

MoosB  tjUmd,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
Diftrift  of  Maine,  at  the  mouth  of  Schoo*- 
dick  river,  contains  about  30  families. 
On  the  fbiith  end  of  this  ifland  is  an 
excellent  harbour  fuitable  for  the  con« 
ftruAion  of  dry  docks.  Common  tides 
rife  here  as  ftet. 

MoBamt  Kptt  off  the  ifland  of  Ja- 
maica, in  the  \Vcft<-1ndies.  N.  lat.  17. 
47.  W.  long.  75.  35. 

Mora  NT  Pointy  the  moft  eafterly 
promontory  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 
On  the  N.  fide  of  the  point  is  a  harbour 
of  the  fame  name.  From  Point  Morant 
it  is  ufual  for  fliips  to  tak^  their  depar- 
ture that  are  bound  through  the  Wind- 
ward Paifage,  or  to  any  part  of  the  W. 
tnd  of  the  ifland  ot  St.  bomingo.  N. 
lat.  17.  58.  W.  long.  76.  10. 

MoBANT  HarbuaTt  Ftrtt  is  about  4 
leagites  weftward  of  Point  Morant,  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 
Before  the  mouth  of  it  it  a  imall  ifland, 

called 


called  Good  lOadd,  And  a  fbn  oii  tieh 
point  of  the  entrance. 

MoRANt  Rkfir,  is  two  leuae* 
weftward  of  the  weft  point  of  Point  Mo- 
rant.  The  land  here  forms  a  bay,  with 
an  anchorage  along  the  ftiore. 

Mqi  $NA,acapeonthecoaftof  Chili* 
8.  America,  is  in  lat.  13. 45.  S.  and  1 5 
Iragues  nonrii  eaft  of  Cape  George.  The 
bay  bttween  thefe  capes  feems  very  defi- 
rable  to.  flrangers  to  eo  in ;  but  in  a  N. 
W.  wind  is  verv  dangerous,  becaufe 
the  wind  blows  right  on  the  fliore,  and 
makes  a  very  heavy  fea  in  the  road. 
Here  is  a  very  convenient  harbour,  but 
exceedingly  narrow,  where  a  good  (hip 
might  be  careened. 

MoRENA  MORRO,  on  the  coaftof 
Chili,  S.  America,  in  lat.  23.  S.  and  so 
leagues  due  8.  of  the  north  point  of  the 
biay  of  Atacama. 

MOR  E ,  a  townfhip  in  Northumberland 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

MoR  ELANDntlie  name  of  two  town> 
(hips  of  Pennfylvania}  the  ope  in  Phila- 
delphia CO.  the  other  in  that  of  Mont^ 
gomery. 

Morgan  Di/hifff  in  N.  Carolina, 
IS  bounded  W.  by  the  State  of  Tcnnef- 
<ee,  and  S.  bv  the  State  of  S.  Carolina. 
It  is  divided  into  the  counties  of  Burke, 
Wilkes,  Rutherford,  Lincobi,  and  Bun- 
comb ;  and  contains  33»t9t  inhabitants, 
including  2693  flaves. 

MORGANTO  WN,  R  poft-towB  and  the 
chief  town  of  the  above  diftrift,  is  iitu- 
ated  in  Burke  co.  near  Catabaw  river. 
Here  art  about  3ohoure8,  a  court-houfe 
and  gaol.  It' is  45  miles  from  Wilkes, 
46  from  Lincolntown,  113  from  Salem, 
and  661  from  Philadelphia.    N.  lat. 

35-47. 

MoROANTO WN,  a  poft-towB  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  (hire-town  of  Monongalia  co. 
IS  pleafantly  fituated  on  the  catt  fide  of 
Mcnongahela  river,  about  7  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  the  mouth  of  Cheat  river ;  and 
contains  a  court-houfe,  a  ftune-gaol,  and 
about  40  houfes.  It  is  30  miles  from 
Brownfville,  24  from  Union-Town,  in 
Pennfylvania,  76  from  Cumberland  in 
Alaryland,  and  329  from  Philadelphia. 

M.ORGANS,  afettlement  in  Kentucky, 
3S  miles  £.  of  I^xington,  and  18  N.  £. 
of  Boon(borough. 

MORGANBA,  a  town  now  laying  out 
tn  Wa(hington  co.  Pennfylvania,  iituat- 
ed  in,  and  almoft  furrounded  by  the  E. 
and  W.  brsnches  of  Charter's  river,  ia- 


M  d  1  35f 

eluding  fhe  poiitt  iC  Adr  cbidKwMei 
13  mi^s  S.otPiufbwv.tmdonthepdls^ 
road  ftom  thcHce  to  WaiiUiglMH  i1m 
countv  town,  diftant  lomUM.  Boats 
carrymg  ffom  a  tk  300  bands  of  flov» 
have  brai  b«ilt  at  MorgRBta,  taden  ait 
the  mill  tdl  then,  and  fait  <tawa  Ae 
Chartiers  into  thfe  Ohfe,  and  fo  to  New. 
Orleans.  By  an  •&  ot  the  kgiflatuveof 
Pennfylvania,  tiM  CAartitrj,  from  die 
Ohio  upwards  as  far  as  Moraanzaf  it 
dedared  to  be  a  high  way.  This  towns 
furronnded  by  a  rich  country. 


IS 

numbers  of  grift  and  ikw  «ul&  ai«  id" 
ready  built}  and  the  knds  in  its  caii-. 
rons  well  aidapted  to  agriculture  mA 
grazing }  and  is  fpokeo  of  «•  a  cooBtrif 
that  is  or  will  be  the  richcft  In  ?cMi^ 
vania.    Morganza,  firom   ks  fituataoa 
and  other  natural  advantages,  mvtk  be. 
come  the  centre  of  a  creat  maim^ur* 
ing  country  {  efpecially  as  confi^rabl» 
b^ies  of  iron  ore,  of  a  fuperkr  qwAUM^ 
have   been  dready  dt(coverSd  In  tae 
neighboiirhood,  and  have  becK  aftyedU 
The  high  waving  hills  in  this  < 
are,  from  the  qudity  of  the  kil, 
vertible  into  the  nnoft  loKuriaat  |^ 
ing  lands,  and  ate  already  much  Impnir- 
ed  in  this  way.    Thefe  hiUs  will  tae|M« 
culiariy  adapted  to  raife  live  ft6ck,  and 
more  particularly  the  fine  kmg-woakA 
breed  of  (heep )  fuch  as  that  oi:  the  Cq|£> 
wold  hills  in  England,  whofe  fleecct 
fell  for  ss.  fterling  per  pound}  whsa 
others  fetch  only  ltd.  or  xjd.    Tlie 
wheat  of  this  country  is  laid  to  wetgh» 
generally,  from  6s  to  66  lb.  and  tht 
bufliel  of  8  gallons.    From  hence,  con> 
fiderable  exports   are  already  nude  to 
New-Orleans,  of  flour,  bacon,  butter, 
cheefe,  cider,  and  rye  uid  apfrfe  fjpiritt^ 
The  black  cattle  raifed  here  are  idd  to 
the  new  fettlers,  and  to  cai tie  merchants, 
for  the  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore  mar. 
kets }  many  have  alfo  been  driven  to  Ni« 
agara  and  Detroit,  where  there  are  fte- 

?[uent  demands  for  live  (lock,  which 
uffer  much  in  thofe  northern  countries^ 
from  hard  winters,  failures  in  crops,  and 
other  cauics. 

MoRnuE  Fort,  or FortabenadeAhr' 
gue,  on  the  Coutli  (hore  of  the  entrance 
to  Baldivia  Bay,  011  the  coaft  0f  Chili, 
on  the  ^uth  Pacific  Ocean.  The  chan- 
nel has  frons  9  to  6  fathoms. 

MoRl^NNB,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coaft  of 
the  idand  of  Cape  Breton,  near  Miray 
Bay,  from  which  it  is  ieparatcd  only  by 

Cape 


!  ■ 


jt|6  filOlt 

<:«P!l,^#mlf.  Ji  it  #  KtltnbV  deep 

^Mo|k(^  Oli^W  w  tli»p6injt«r  hmA- 
Won  tlwE.  Ai|e«f  tbt  dbannel  of  the 
]i«V«|Mabf  m  tlie  H.  W>  Mrt  of  th« 
UffmA  «f  Cuba,  and  is  die  htfk  of  two 
f  MH^v  ««ftks  for  tl)«, defence  of  Uie 
chaw^l  «|^;ainft,  the  apvroacb  of  an 
•neMMr^aiibips.  It  i»  a  liiind  of  triangle^ 
laiitined  witk  Iji^ionH  on  which  are 
Mounted  about  60  pic-CM  of  cannon»  a^ 
poundieni.  From  ti\e  caftle  there  aUb 
iHRt  a  wall  or  line  rooimtcdwith  t%  loi^ 
iiniAeaanfim  36  pounders  {  calledi  by 
way  of  tmnau»»  **rThc  twelve  Apoi'- 
tIeitV  «Qd  at  the  point*  between  the 
caftle  a9d>  tlie  iea>  there  is  a  tower 
^hcf»a:nMn  ftands  and  gives  iignals  of 
ivhat  jvdTela  approach^   S<ee  Havam^A, 

MoM>KiNNE»,  or  MonttMiue,  in  the 
Mand  of  Mowee»  one  of  the  Sandwich 
Ifiand**,  in  the  N.  Pacific  Oce^>  is  in 
ht.  oo*  «9.  N.  and  Icnig.  is6.  a7.  W. 

AIOR.OM^iLiu>  BajfU  to  the  fouth. 
PKin|«f  Qarthagena,  On  the  coaft  of  the 
4Ei,'>«aiifli  M*in»  and  in  the  bight  of  the 
4mft  .coning  out  «f  Darien  Gulf,  on 
simitiiMifn  molt. 

iMoiiOTOi,  or.  Mtnhit  one  of  the 
Saodwicb  Iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
ia  about  a |  leagues  W.  N.W.  of  Mo- 
*»ee  tfland,  and  baa  fsveral  bays  on  its 
Sk  aad  Wtrfides.  Its  W.  point  is  in  lat. 
•I*  aer.  N.  and  lo"g.  1 57. 14.  W.  and  is 
cpfnputcd  to  contain  36,000  inhabi. 
taiits. .  It  is  7  leagues  S.£.  of  Woahoo 
Ifland. 

i  Morris,  a  county  on  the  northern 
line  of  Ne^«Jerfey,  .we0  of  Bergen  eo. 
It  is  about  ts  miles  long,  and  ao  broad, 
kdiwided  into  5  townAips,  and  contains 
nboot  1 56,809  acres  of  improved,  and 
30,419  acres  of  unimproved  land.  The 
eaftem  part  of  the  county  is  level,  and 
aflTords  noe  meadows,  and  good  land  for 
Indian  corn.  The  weftern  part  is  more 
mountainous,  and  produces  crops  of 
wheat.  Here  are  i'even  rich  iron  mines, 
and  two  fprings  femous  for  curing  rheu- 
matic and  chronic  dilbrders.  There 
aA  al(b  two  furnaces,  two  Hitting  and 
rolht^  mills,  35  forges  and  fire-works, 
37  Iaw  mills,  and  43  grift  railU.  There 
are  in  the  county  i6,si6  iuhabitants,  of 
whom  636  arc  (laves. 

MoRRissiNA,  a  village  in  Well-Chef- 
tet  CO.  New- York,  contiguous  to  Hell 
Gate,  in  the  Sound.  In  1790  it  con- 
tained  133  inliabiunty,  of  whom  30 


UOfL 

wwflbvee^  Jil  «7»vH  «M  anoeiRd 
to  the  townihip  of  W«|l>Chcicr. 

MoRRiAVAWM*  fkflit-ioini  and  ca- 
pital  of  the  above  eoontr,  it «  haadrome 
town,  and  coBtaina  a  Pnfb]«eifian  and 
Baptift  chtirebr  a'ce|wrt^lNi«<e««in^aca- 
deroy,  and  idxwt  to.  cop^JVWufeg;)  1 9 
miles  N.  W.  of  )I«wark,  and  cboitt  xoo 
N.E.  of  Philadeipbia.  TIm  tead-quar- 
ter  of  the  American  army,  durii;g  the 
revolution  war,  was  ire^uemly  in  sDmd 
about  this  town. . 

M0Ra4SViia.B,  a  village  in  Pennfyl. 
vania,  fituated  in  Berk's  eo.  cm  the  W. 
bank  of  Delaware  rivci,  Me  mile  from 
Trenton,  9  from  Briftol,.  and  19  from 
Philadelphia.  Apoft-ofBoc  41  kept  here. 

MCMiRiB  Bay,  on^the  V*.  «oa(t  of 
the  iflandof  Antigua,  intbe  Weftrln. 
dies.  It  cannot  be  recommended  to 
fliips  to  pafs  this  way,  .as  there  is  in  one 
place  S.  from  the  Five  Iflands  only  a 
fathoms  water.  Vefli^ls  drawing  more 
than  9  feet  water  ihuft  jiot  attempt  it. 

MoRROPB,  a  town  on  the  road  be- 
tween Quito  and  Linwb  in  S.  Ameriqi. 
It  contains  between  70  and  80  houfe^, 
containing  about  atfo.fhmilies,  ail  In-> 
dians:  near  it  runs  the  river  Poxuelos, 
the  banks  of  which  are  cAlUvated  vnd 
adorned  with  trees.  Motrope  is  *8  or 
30  leagues  diftant  frmn  Sechuta,  all 
that  way  bek^  a  faady  pbHn,,the  track 
continually  ihifting. 

MORRO  V21JO.    See  St.  Culkat. 

MoRTUiji's  Rocks,  on  the  S.  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland.  N,kt.47.W. 
long.  S4V5S. 

M<>ltro  Iflandt  on  the  coa{^  of  Pern, 
fo  caHed  by  the  Spaniards,  ^'rom  its 
ftriking  refemblance  io  a  dead  cjrpie, 
extended  at  full  length.  It  ia  alfc  call- 
ed  St.  Clara.  It  is  about  5 Icagies N. 
N.  1^.  from  the  river  Tumbezj  and  !s 
ft  miles  in  length,  and  17  leagues  from 
Guyaquil. 

Morton  Bay,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Nevis,  in  the  Weft -Indies, 
is  near  the  Narrows,  or  channel  between 
that  ifland  and  St.  Chriftopher's,  to  the 
N.  W.  of  which  there  is  from  3  to  8 
fathoms,  according  to  the  diftance  from 
fltore. 

MoRt;Es  Bay,  on  the  fouthern  fliore 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  fouthward  of 
Ga^jee  Bay,  and  wefl;  of  Benaventura 
and  Mifcan  iflands. 

MoRVGO,  a  fmnll  river  to  the  weft 
and  north-weft  of  the  gulf  of  E0equibo, 

on 


>l9ll»  1g^m^,dfl  Mt/i,  •  Uxwn  on 
the  iMPk,^  IM  jn^r  Tab»jlco.  in  the 

^Mum  9f  Qunpfpcby  ?^uif,.  to  wh|ch 

fniaU  bucgcf nMkjr^  vp.  Q^eat  qMan- 
Vitift  cif.«p^()a.vau«  AMppcd  hereJbr 
:S|»«Ui|  ,ivhkh  >i&8»  f^jsnu  ifmy 
Poops  fffd  ^U  YdT^  tOktbe  cofft. 

M<»»»s  iVp'i^«  bead  or  cape  oJT  jai^, 
pn  the  B.4$U  fff  tl^e  eotnnee  into  Bon. 
#>ifta  Bay>  on  the  E.^cpaft  of  ^fw- 
Ibuodlaiia  .I(Und*  |t  ts  to  the  ^oath- 
ward  of  the,  rodka  C3^ .  Swerrty  and  5 
jnilM  fovth-.wc^  o^  Cue  Ikmaviftik. 

MP>(;*IKps*  Sfe  KHiM. 
'  ,Jl[f  oi|.^  Y*«f  a  p^ce  on  Roanoke  xvr- 
.fr«  ^mil^  below  St.  l^amnuny'iu  and 
3  apofe  Baton's .  The  produce  of  the 
upnfffioswry.  is  brought  to  theft  places, 
j|nd  fi^it  jrom  t^^^  by  waggons  to' 
iPetedburg  in  yirgjlnia. 

l^QfmriTO  PiHfiiiy,  a  di^ift  of 
.Mt^c9»Tl>aving  the  North  Sea  on  the 
N.  aaJS.|iicaragua  on  the  S.  and  Hon- 
tiuraa  on  the  W.  The  natives  .ife  itf\i, 
«n;U  madet .  ftrong>  apd  nimble  of  foot. 
Thejr  are  ^npla^able  enqqiei  to  the 
Spaniards*  who  niaflacred  a  vaftnum- 
b^n"  of  their  people  Mrjben  they  inv&<ied 
M^ico»  and  wmI  .  joni.  with  any  £utx>- 
pcan  natijoit  ^inft  the  $|nniav<ds.  They 
are  Vferv  dei^rous  in  ftnMng  ^,  tur- 
tles and  maanatjles.  M^iiyofthc  natives 
lail  in  Briti(h  vefleU  to  ]aniai<:a.< 

Mostnriro  Cove,  on  ^he .  c:«|ft  of 
Orecnland*  in  lat..64.  55.  etKJl  HMS'  $*• 

MosqviTO  ,9^,  OF  Afft/fi/e,  is  at  the 

S.  fi.exueinityofthe  iflarid  of  St.  Chrif- 

topUer's«  and  un  the  larboard  fide  of  t>*e 

channel  of  the  ^aiTows,  from  the  S.W. 

.going  round  the  point  along  the  fliore, 

.  within  the  reef  to  the  northward.    The 

coail  is  here  lined  with  rocks,  and  at  a 

fmail  diftance  is  from  4  to  6  fathoms, 

,  on  the  W^N.W.  fide  of  Booby  Ifland. 

Mo  sqy  ITO,  ptMufyuito  Cove^  on  the 
W.  fide  of  the  idand  of  Antigua,  and 
ibuthwarduf  Five  Iflaiids  Harbour. 

MosoviTO  iJUtmi,  one  of  the  fmall 

.Virgin  Iflands,  in  the  Weft*  Indies,  near 

^  the  N.  coaft  of  Virgin  Gorda,  on  which 

it  is  dependent.  N.  lat.  i^.  a5.W.long. 

«3.  15. 

Mo»qyiTO  Pfiiutt  13  the  larboard 

E)int  of  the  channel  into  Port  Royal 
ay  in  Jamaica,  where  the  powder  ma- 
gazines are  fituated,  and  on  which  it  i 


battery  of  <•  «»•,  ftfr  th«  Mmet  of 

thechamiel»  f^ickishcrev^iVnarMw. 
Roofid  the  pdtni  to  t)ib  north-wlMy; 
is  « (^bus  bay  or  l^a^,  Into  wl^h 
conies  the  river  Of  SpaAlilh-TWn.       '^ 

Dutch  Ottiaha,  SoutkrAmeiricit  rbooi. 
w||!idi».«a  ibon  M  fliip*  ai^  witkui»  thnf 
are  d^red^  to  rtan  S.  £.  «ad  ttidi  due  si, 
and  come  to  aii  aflchoi'  hthH  the  Arft 
village. 

MoTitBR  O^f  MKtat  CO.  D^ 
wwe.    ictJrmi^'' 

MoTTB  tft,  a  fmall  ifland  In  Lake 
Champlain,  aboiit  eight  miles  in  length 
and  a  in  breadth,  diftane  1  nlUoi  W. 
of  North  Hero  Ifland.  ItconAttfitet « 
townOiip  of  its  own  taqie  in  Fr«iiktti>  'ti. 
Vermont,  and  contains  47  inhabitinisJ 

MbucHA,  t.a,d  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili>  on  the  W.  coaft.of  S.  Amerkii. 

Moui.TONBOROVOH,  a  wi<l-to«Fn 
in  Stntffbindco  Niw^H^mpftihreyfittiitiA 
at  the  U,  W.  corner  of  Lake  Wia^pli. 
fcogec,  tS  miles  t.  by  N.  of  Plyinoii^ 
8111141  N.  ^*  by  N.  of  Pottfinottm, 
This  townfliip  was  ineoqporated  d» 
t777,!and  cbnttaint  565  inhabiiante.  ' 

MovLTaiB  Fmrt,     Sec  Su^ivmts 


o  VMT  Bbthbl,  V^rvA  iMutr, 
two  townfliips  in  Northampton  countyit 
Pennfylvainia. 

Mount  Dbsb&t,  an  ifland  onfte 
coaft  of  Hancock  cb.  Diftri£l  of  Maine^ 
a^bout  15  miles  lone  and  is  broid.  tt 
is  a  valuable  traft  of  land,  intei^iliABd  fai 
the  middle  by  the  waters  flowing  into 
the  S.  fide  from  the  fea.  There  are  t#o 
confiderable  iflands  on  the  fouth-eaft 
fide  of  Mount  Defert  Ifland,  caHecl 
Cranberry  Iflands,  which  aflift  in  forth- 
ing  a  harbour  inthegulph'wh16h  fetsup 
on  the  Ibuth  fide  of  the  ifland.  In  1 700* 
it  contaimd  744  inhabitants.  The 
northerly  part  of  the  ifland  was  formftl 
into  a  towuQiip  called  Eden,  in  1796. 
The  fouth-eaftemmoft  pah  of  the  ifland 
lies  in  about  lat.  44. 12.  N.  On  the  main 
laiid,  oppofite  the  north  part  of  the 
Ifland,  are  the  towns  of  Trenton  and 
Suilivan-,  It  is  335  miles  north-eaft  of 
Bofton. 

Mount  Holly,  a  village  ita  Bur* 
ll.igton  CO.  New-Jerfcy,  fituated  on  the 
northern  bank  of  Anocus  Creek,  about 
fcven  or  eight  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Bu;*- 
lingtcn. 

Y  Mou«t:. 


V,i.  ..  .  M'd-e.. 

MoVVT  Hof B  Bp,  in  (he  no'rth- 
ntk  MR  of  Namgttifet  BaV. 

Mo  VMT  Hort, «  frttaU  nver  of  Con- 
mA'iettt»  •  hrtd  bndcb  oir  the  SbctUck- 
•tikrifing  in  Union. 

•  MOVN<ftJoLi,  on  tke  noirthern  eoaft 
of  the  Gulf  of  SC.  Lawrence,  in  La- 
lonulor. 

Mount  (/Uuul,  on  the  above  coaft, 
IJ.  lat.  so.  c.  W,  hmg.  61.  35. 

MbuNT  Jbv/thenameof  two  town- 
.fliiiM  in  Famfyivanift  the  one  in  I«an- 
caRcr  the  other  in  York  co. 
.Mount  Joy,  a  Moravian  fettlknent 
.in  Pennfylvam«»  16  mHcs  from  Ittiz. 

Mount  Plbasant,  a  townfliip  in 
WefttCheftcr  co.  New- York,  fituated 
on  theeatt  fute  of  Hudfon  river  {  bound- 
ed Autherly  by  Creenfbure,  and  north 
erty  and  eafterly  by  Phinpfturg.    It 
contain*  1914  inhabitanti,  m  whom  175 
ve  qualined  el<:£lor>,  and  S4  Haves. 
» Alio  the  name  atSL  townfliip  in  York 
[<o.  Pennfylvanif . 
V  Mount  Pi#Kasant,  a  viNage  of 
Maryland,  fttuated  partly  in  each  of  the 
counties  of  Qjieen  Ann  and  Caroline, 
#bout  II  miles  eaft  of  the   town  of 
Church  Hilt. 

Mount  Tom,  a  noted  mountain  on 

«he  wtft  bank  of  ConncAicut  river,  near 

,  Keriha^pton*     Alfo  the  name  of  a 

Diountaui  between  Litchfield  and  Walh> 

instton^  in  Conne&icut.. 

Mount  Vernon,  the  feat  of 
Gborcb  Washington,  late  Prefident 
<of  the  United  States.  It  i»  pleaiantly 
.  fituated  on  the  Virginia  bank  of  Patow- 
nac  river,  in  Fairmco.  Virginia,  where 
the  river  is  nearly  %  miles  wutc }  9  miles 
Mow'Alexandt-ia  {  4  above  the  beauti- 
ful feat  of  the  late  Col.  Fairfax,  called 
,  Bclkvoiri  is?  from  Point  Look  Out, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  2  So  miles 
fixHn  the  lea.  The  area  of  the  mount 
is  too  fieet  above  the  furface  of  the  riv- 
er )  and,  after  fiirnifliing  a  lawfl  of  iive 
acres  in  front,  and  about  the  ranAtinrear 
yf  the  buildings,  fallsoff  rathitr  abruptly 
on  thofe  two  quarters.  On  the  north 
end  it  Aibiides  gradually  into  extenfive 
pafturc  grounds ;  while  en  the  fotith  it 
-  Uopes  more  fteeply,  in  a  (hort  diftance, 
.  and  terminates  with  the  coach-houfe, 
llablea,  vineyard,  and  nurferies.  On 
-eithei;  wing  is  a  thick  grove  of  diiFennt 
flowering  fi^elt  trees.  Parallel  with 
them,  on  the  land  fide,  are  two  fpacious 
gcmicus,  into  which  one  is  led  by  twp 


fbi>en'tin«  gravd  walks,  pliiMetl  whh 
weeping  willows  and  fliii^y  flirubs.  Thtt 
manfipn  honfc  itfeir  (thoagh  ntudi  cm> 
belliOied  by,  vet  not  pcdeAly  flttisficl 
tonr  to  the  chafte  tafte  of  the  piefeht 
poneflbr)  apjpears  venovble  andf  conve. 
nient.  The  uiperb  banqnenng-Tooni  has 
been  finilhed  fince  he  returned  home 
from  the  army.  A  lofty  portico,  96  feet 
in  length,  fupported  by  8  pillart,  has  a 
pleafing  effeft  when  viewed  fiom  thk 
water}  the  whole  aflemblage  of  the 
green-honfe,  fchool-hooiir,  offices,  and 
lervants'  halls,  when  feen  fiom  the  land 
fide,  bears  a  refemblanee  to  a  rural  riK 
Ian}  efpecially  as  the  huads  on  that 
fioe  a^-e  laid  out  fomewhat  in  the  ftrm 
of  Englifli  eardens,  in  mea^bws  and 
graTs-grounas,  ornamented  with  little 
copies,  circular  clumps,  and  fingle  trees. 
A  findl  park  on  the  marsin  orthe  riv- 
er, where  the  Englifli  mlow  deer  and 
the  American  wilddeer  are  feen  through 
the  thickets,  alternately  with  the  veflels 
as  they  are  failing  along,  add  a  roman- 
tie  and  piAureique  appearance  to  i^* 
whole  fcenery.  On  the  oppofite  fide 
of  a  fmall  creek  to  the  northward,  an 
extcnfive  plam,  exlribiting  com-fivlds 
and  cattle  grazing,  affords  in  fummer  a 
luxuriant  landfcape}  while  the  blended 
verdure  of  wood-landa  and  cultivated 
declivities,  on  the  Maryland  flvore,  vari- 
egates the  profpeA  in  a  charming  man* 
ner.  Such  are  the  philofophic  fliades  to 
which  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the 
American  army  retired  in  17S3,  at  the 
clofe  of  a  vi«orious  war}  which  he 
again  left  in  1789,  iO  diffaify  with  his 
unequalled  talents,  the  higheft  office  m 
the  gift  of  his  felIow-citie6n*}  and  to 
whim  be  has  again  retreated  ((797) 
loaded  with  honours,  and  the  benedic- 
tions of  his  country,  to  fpend  the  re« 
mainder  of  his  days  as  a  private  citisen, 
in  peace  and  tranquillity. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  plantation  in 
Lincoln  co.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Sidney  an^  Winflow.- 

MoUnt  Washington,  in  the  up. 
per  part  of  the  ifland  of  New- York. 

Mount  Washington,  one  of  the 
higheft  peaks  of  the  White  Mountains, 
ill  New-Hamplhire. 

Mount  Washington,  the  fouth- 
wefternmoft  town(hip  of  MalTachufettSr 
in  Berkfliire  co.  150  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  £779, 
and  contains  67  inhabitants. 

McuiE 


M  U  L 

,  Mpvil  NarhHT,  at  the  B^fMlc  pifit» 
JfliliMloi>  St.  John'i,  and  at  the  S.  W. 
MigU  of  thitgulf  of  St.  Lawrence^  i*  be- 
tween Eaft  Point  and  Three  Anrf^  and 
soes  in  with  a  fnuU  ci-eck  thtt  U  vao* 
oeratcljr,  Ipaciout  within. 

Mb  VMM,  a  finalu  nver  of  York  CO. 
Diftri^l  of  Maine,  which  Alls  into  the 
ocean  between  Wells  and  Arundel. 

MowiBy  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflei, 
next  in  file  tci  and  M.  W.  of,  Owhy- 
hee.  A  lai^ge  bay  of  a  fcmicireuur 
form,  oppofite  to  which  are  the.iflandi 
Tahoorcwa  and  Mofokinnce.  It  it  a- 
bout  1 6a  milei  in  circumference,  and  is 
thought  to  cautiin  nearly  70,000  inha< 
bitants* 

MoYAMBNSiMO,  a  townfhip  in  Phi- 
ladelphia CO.  Pennfylvania. 

MvcAKos  IJUaidt  near  the  N.  coaft 
of  Cuba  Ifland,  in  the  W.  Indies,  which 
^ith  Ifland  Verde,  lies  opfbfite  to  the 
Cape  Qu|bannano. 

MUD  IJUuul,  in  Delaware  river,  is  6 
or  7  miles  below  the  city  of  PhUadel- 
phia;  whereon  is  a  citadel,  and  a  fort 
not  yet  completed.  On  a  fand  bar,  a 
laree  pier  has  been  erefled,  as  the  foun- 
dation for  a  battery,  to  make  a  crofs 
fire. 

Mud  Lai/^inthii  State  of  New.  York, 
is  fmall,  and  lies  between  Seneca  and 
Crooked  Lakes,  it  gives  rife  to  a  north 
branch  of  Tioga  river. 

MvcERAS  Ifiaidst  otherwife  called 
Men  Eatirt  or  Women-Eaters  I/lands^ 
are  10  leagues  S.  of  Cape  Catoche,  on 
the  E.  coaft  of  th^  peninfula  of  Yucatan. 
On  the  fouth  of  them,  towards  the  land, 
is  good  anchorage  in  from  7  to  8  fa- 
thoms, and  clean  ground. 

MVLATKB  Pointt  in  the  ifland  of 
Dominica,  in  the  W.  Indies.  N.  lat. 
15.  16.  weft  long.  61.  ai* 

Mulatto  ?o/»/,  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  S.  America  is  the  S.  cape  of  the  port 
of  Ancon,  1 6  or  18  miles  north  of  Ca- 
davayllo  river. 

MuLGRAVB  Port.  See  Admiralty 
Bay.   N.  lat.  6;.  45.  W.  t^  .ig.  165.9. 

MULHEG  AN  lirvrr,  In  Vermont,  rii'es 
in  Lewis,  and  empties  into  Conne^icut 
river,  at  Brunfwick. 

MuLLicvs  Rivert  in  New-Jerfey,  is 
fmall,  and  has  many  mills  and  iron* 
works  upon  it,  and  empties  into  Little 
Egg  Harbour  Bay,  4  miles  eafterly  «# 
^he  town  of  Leeds.  It  is  navigabltae 
niilea  for  veflcls  of  60  tonst 


the  SurqiiduuiMhM  i^ 
%l  mm  N<  of  ^  jtom  f f 
iMlaml.  .        ".vi:  ■  ■  ,■  ■ 

MvHSIBa,  Dl^AVARItt 

P00MB8,  tlucce  in4;^*ci|t-- 
babit  at  Oiag^*  and.  «tbi^  , 
tht  N.  branch  of  Suiquf^ilK'  ^„ 
About  fto  yeart  agQ»  th»<twj(jji3 
funiifli  i50waar^,ffa^  •p^;!) 
poones  30  wamora. 

MvROBiiBai  Cinml,  in  !!«»• 
State.  ^  -^ 

MvRf  iiBB»Bokovof  ,>«.  ip&Mffa 
of  N.  Carolina,  and  capiul  ^jlii^.^. 
It  is  fituated  on  MchfMn  nv|r.,,|U|Ml 
contains  a  few  houlcs»  a.  o^tt-nouie, 
^1,  and  tobacco  waithouft.  I|t  car- 
ries on  a  fmall  trade  with.  Edentqp, 
and  the  other  ^a.-port.  towns*  ^ia 
3  miles  from  Princeton^  la  from  yt^» 
ton,  50  N.  by  W.  of  Edenton,  ,ttA 
4aaS.W.of?hiladelphb.  ; 

MvROA  McMiG  A  ltiwr»  on  tlw  (^qtft 
of  Chili,  in  S.  America^  is  fouthwarifif 
the  S.  point  of  Quintero  Bay,  and  not 
far  firom  the  entrance  into  Chili  river. 
It  ii  not  navigable,  but  is  very  good  ,t» 
water  in.  ,, 

Muse  LB  Bankt  at  the  entiranoc  into 
Trinity  Bay  or  harbour,  in  .t^.diredion 
of  S.  W.  on  the  E.  coaft  qf  Newfound- 
land Ifland. 

MuscLB  £i^,  in  the  Stiaits  of  Ma- 
gellan, in  S.  America,  is  halfway  be«' 
tween  Eliiabeth*s  Bay,  and  York  Road  j 
in  which  there  is  good  anchorage  witk 
a  wefteriy  wind. 

MusCLB  Baj,>  or  Meffikmtt  on  ihc 
coaft  of  Chili  or  Peru,  in  S.  America,  5 
leagues  S.  by  W.  of  Atacama. 

MUSCLE  Sboalst  in  Tenneflee river, 
about  150  miles  from  its  motjth,  extend 
about  %o  miles,  and  derive  their  ilama 
from  the  number  of  ftiell-fifh  found 
there.  At  this  place  the  rivrr  fpreada 
to  the  breadth  ot  three  miles,  and  form* 
a  number  of  iflands }  and  the  pafiage  is 
difficult,  except  when  there  b  a  fwell  ia 
the  river.    From  this  place  up.  to  the 


Whirl,  or  Suck,  where  the 


:reaks 


through  the  Great  Ridge,  or  Cumbec* 
land  Mountain,  is  a  50  miles,  the  navi* 
gation  all  the  way  excellent. 

MusKOGULOB,  Mufltogte,  or  ^«  tbey 
ar^  more  conunoidy  called,  Creti  JaN 
dUmit  inhabit  the  middle  parts  of  Oeor* 
gia.  The  Creak  or  Muflc^^ige  hui* 
guage,  4Nfluch  U  ftft  and  9«Bwal«  it 

y»  fj?ok«i 


W^8 


UQNrlM  vnM* 

ihiAMogQlgei 
ciftooniiuw  of  w| 


i» 


tnv  ^MNdtflCy  J 

ef  liwijr  «^tWm, 
m  vQNWiqnr  nw  viim 
(nc  vnuniiiui 

mt  wUUom  iiid  #ir^,  lii 
lilr'Ai'giiittil.  urf'mn'tM 
,caniMRjemiinr,*fifaiikJclhdlf  vii«  jMHI 
"^iUbimi^^e  ftrft  imil  meScpi 
Mit  article  in  ail  tMr  tmtiet  witli  tht 
''lf»t#a(]Utlf»      t « titere  Aair  m  U 
;  ikiyiNWttf  Aintuocn  tiquoti  fold    ; 
''jSmitt 'iifto  tUfir  Mwns.**    IhlUncef 
MiWmiliaiklvbc^urrid/oa  thcdifeoi 
'^Mrf.of  JttMjMtfoi^lnM  of  ftiriti 
•Into  ni^lf^ettnfiy.Vthtf  Indiant  ftrik; 
"'^~  tbdn  >Arttli  their  tomahawki,  and 
injtrtlM  liquor  to  ^  thirfty  And^ 
ifMHto  «  diflBp  of  it  thennrelm.    It 
ie  diflScuit  to  account  fer  their  excellent 
^'idicy'in  civitgomMnenti  i(  cannot 
'  StHve  ft«  effifiacjr  findm  coerciTC  laws, 
'  fbif  tliey  have'  no  ftich  artffiefaU  (yftem. 
$Mne  of  iJh^indft  favourite  (bnp  and 
'iiikinicet.they  htfveirom  (heir  enemies, 
tiie  Chaftanri}  for  it  ftemt  that  nation 
'iii^i^  Mhent  ibr  neetry  and  miufic. 
Tlw  Mtifl«6stt1tea  allow  of  poiy|pmy 
bifli^ iMnMnnhidet  evtjryman  tal^es 
umv^^ywitfctat  heplei^ret»but  thefirft 
li'iiillecn,  aadtbcOtMNra  hd'hiiidrtiaida 
«ta*!4Na^.    The  Oreek  or  MiUko- 
MMilipndcraejr  have  55  towns,  be. 
filfiiii^y  viUant.  The  powerful  en^ 
p\tt  of  the  MvKomlge*  ^ftabliflied  it- 
jblfiapon  the  ruinof  that  of  the  Natchez. 
.  The  OakmAt  IMAwae  ^,  firft  fet- 
tlennent  they  at  down  ijMM*  v«<kcr  their 
cmitratbn  firom  the  Weft^  Icyond  the 
ttmS^,  their  orijtinal  niti«B  country. ' 
They  gradually  AiMoed  their  furround> 
htg  diemiet,  Arei^tthenlhg  themfelves 
by  takfaig  Into  confiiideracy  the  van- 
tfuidied  tribes.    Their  whole  number, 
ftnw  years  fote,  was  t7i«S«i  of  which 
5,t<o  were  fighting  men.    They  conftft 
of  the  Appalachien,  Alibamas,  Abeeas, 
Cawittaws,  Coofas,  Confliacks,  CooCac- 
tees,  Chacfihoomas,  Natchei,  Ocomes, 
Oakmulgle»,  Okohoys,Pakanas,Taen- 
fts,  Talepoofas,  Weetumkas,  and  fome 
odifers.  Their  union  has  rendered  them 
viftortous  over  the  ChaAaws,  and  for- 
midable to  all  the  nations  around  them. 
They  are  a  weH^nuKle,  e3q)ert,  hardv, 
ftgaciotts,    poKtic    people,  cxtrcmefy 


mma  of  thdr  rights,  aa^  avtirfe  t* 
p4rf,1ng  with  their  lands.  They  have 
abtManceeftimecattlcMid  ANrihe,  tiv. 
lies,  ducks,  and  other  pouhi^i  th^ 
cvlltHaie  ibbacco,  rke,  IMiin^  cfllm£  p6. 
tatpcs,  beans,  peas,  cabbagt,  'mefsns» 
atad  Mve  plenty  of  petefresr  pteras, 
grapes,  ffrawberries,  ind  other  fruits. 
Tlwv artlkithfu!  friwitdsrhut  inveterate 
ennpie»i  ho^Uabfe  to  flrangers,  and 
hoMft  and-  hit"  in  their  deaHnga.  No 
nation  has  a  nidre^ohtiriafptible  opinion 
of  t>  white  rt»r  '4 1  Uh  lit  genera  than 
>'ntfy  c  pJ  .1  ^he-  plaee  grf- It  ebnfi. 
denr^  :  ivh;;  f/ nNt^  Spates,  and  wifli  to 
agns  ^*-^'  ahi;:^  upon  'a 'permanent 
bou.iIai;  -vet  w^'ch  tbe-fouthcm 
Staties  m&l  f'Ot  AmV  ''\  The  country 
which  they  claim  it-  bou  tdcd  northwatd 
by  aboiit  the  )4th  degree  of  latitude  | 
and  extends  fran  the  Tombeckbce,  or 
Mobile  river,  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean^ 
though  they  have  ceded  a  part  of  this 
traft  on  the  fea-coaft,  by  different 
treaties,  to  the  State  of  ^torgia.  Tbiir 

[tKneipal  towna  lie  in  latitiiide  tt.  4ad 
ongitude  ti.  so.  from  PhUadelpina. 
Tmy  ari  fettlled  in  a  hilHr  but  not  moun- 
tainmi»  country.  The  foil  is  frahftl  in 
a  high  degree,  and  weU  wptcrcd,  abound, 
ihg  m  creeks  and  rivulet^,  fWrni  whence 
they  iifc  called  the  Cmtk  BhUmu^ 

MvseoNBCUMK,.  a  fmall  river  of 
New.Jerrey,  which  empties  into  the 
Delaware  6  niiles  below  Eifhm. 

KrvsKitiot^M,  that  l$tSik*s  S^i  a 
navigable  river  of  the  N.W.  Territory. 
It  is  a  59  yards  wkie  at  its  confluence 
with  the  Ohio»  tj%  miles  below  Pitlf. 
hvcf^t  indttding  the  windings  of  the  O. 
hio,  though  iit  a  direft  line  it  is  but  90 
miles.    At  1u  month  fbnds  Fort  Har. 
mar  and  Marietta.  Its  banks  are  fb  high 
as  to  prevent  its  overflowing,  and  it  is 
navigable  by  large  batteaux  and  bar^» 
to  the  Three  Legs,  110  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  by  fmall  boats  to  the  lake 
at  its  head,  45  miles  farther.    From 
thence,  by  a  postage  of  abotit  one  mile, 
a  communication  is  opened   to  Lake^ 
Erie,  through  CayahoeA*  a  flream  of 
great  utility,  navigable  the  whole  len|^ih,. 
without  any   ohflruftien    from  falls. 
From  I^ike  Erie,  the  avenue' ii  well 
known  to  Hudron*s  river  in  the  State 
of  New- York.    The  land  on  this  riVer 
and  its  branches  is  of  a  fuperior  quality, 
and  the  country  abounds  inrfprihgs  and 
conveniences  fitted  tAicttkmcnts  remote 

from 


N  AC 


from  ft»  nwigAtion,  vUy 
'  '     lone,  and  cUy. 

htf  .been  mty  l.<:e{y  cHlcovcr- 


f«It>(^nnn, 
€^t  frt^ftom,  and  cUy.    A  valuaol* 


cd,  S.mi 


ffom  this  riv 


M^ietta,  called  the  Bb( 


i<«jr.  Rwch 
a  quantity  of  wa^r  fv^'-,  ti^  tokicp 
sooD  galfoii*  confta^tfy  fv  Hhig.    Ten 

Edane  of  this  water  Wk!'.,  .««xprrim^nt 
s  proved)  aiford  a  qu«^ «    >f  fait  c  ffu- 
perior  qfiialUy  to  any  r.  tdeon  the  fi;a> 

MvsqyAKiBS  f«ffM/  inhaUtt  th« 
fouthem  watcra  of  Lake  Michigan,  hav- 
ing too  warriors. 

Mi;8<^ AXONS,  an  Indian  tribe  in- 
habiting near  Lake  Michigan. 

M  V8l:iTToCS>'W»  in  N.  America,  lies 
in Iat.64. 5  5. n.  and  in  ion.  5 ) .  3.4 s?  VIT. 

MvsqyiTO  River  and  5a;  lie  at  a 
fmall  diftance  north  of  Cape  C!anaverel, 
on  the  coaft,of  E.  Florida.  The  banks 
«f  Miii<|uito  river  towards  the  continent 
abound  ta  trees  and  plants  common  to 
Florida,  with  pleal'ant  orange  groves; 
whilft  the  narrow  ftrips  of  land  towards 
the  Tea,  are  moftly  Tai  1- hills. 

Mv8qviroNS,an  Indian  nation  in  the 
nei|^bourhood  of  the  Piankelhaws  and 
Outtagomies ;  which  fee. 

MrsasTOWN,  a  village  of  Dauphin 
flo.Pennfylvania,  fituatedon  the  N.  fide 
of  Tulpenockon  creek,  a  few  miles  he- 
law  the  canal.  It  contains  about  15 
houfes,  and  it  js  miles  eaft  Hv  north  of 
}iaiTiftiurg,  and  77  from  Philadelphia. 

MVNOMANIKS,  or  Mtnomoniftt  an 
Indian  tribe,  who  with  the  tribes  of  the 
Chipewas  and  Saukeys,  live  near  Bay 
Puan,  and  could  together  fupti/h  about 
ao  years  ago,  550  warriors.  The  Mino- 
inanies  have  about  300  fighting  men. 

Myi^TLK  Ifioful,  one  of  the  Chande- 
leurs  or  Myrtle  iflands,  in  NalBto  Bay, 
pn  the  coaft  of  Florida,  on  the  weft  fy\c 
pf  the  peninfula, 

N 

NAAMAN's  Crtekt  a  fmall  ftream 
which  runs  S.  eatterly  into  Dela- 
wace^-iver,  at  Marcus*  Hook. 

Null's  Bajft  near  the  weftern  limit  of 
Hudfon*$  Bay,  known  by  the  name  of 
the  Welcon^e  Sea.  Cape  Elkimaux  is 
|t^  fouthem  point  or  entrance. 

Kaco,  a  towti  of  I«|e«t- Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Hond^n».  50  niUea  noith- 
V?l^  of  YalladoUd, 


NAN, 

Namaiit  M#  femiihiNtl. 
of  Bo^  (muImw,  Iikm%Kl#ifi  # 
milft  1.  N.  F.  oimOilaPli^A^ff 
a;. W J.,M. ?     57,  fjtt Ui-iMimlfy' ' 

NAHvZf  AO,  a  iWiaU  iiuMfiiillCiki* 
aebec!.  u\tt,  itniiin  firon  the  £»,'l)|^' 
nifics.  ia  the  Indian,  Umgi^  i^US^ 
wlu*«  eels  are  takoi.  ,        --   -.^i 

Na  IN,  :i  Moravian  ^ettleawntt  whidh 
was  ettabli/hed  iti  1763,  on  Li$iigh  riv-' 
•r.  In  '  enniyivania. 

Nain,  a  frttlemcfit  of  the  MoraWam. 
ofi  the  coaft  of.  Labrador,  nea^  (he  m-' 
trance  of  Davis's  Straits,  bein||;8.8.  W* 
of  Cape  Farewell .  It  wa^  begun  tender: 
i  tite  proteaion  of.thc  Britifli  gpffertbni^V 
but  is  now  deferted.  ^ 

NAMASKiBt,  a  fmall  river  whkJi 
enfpties  into  Narraganfet  Bay.       '     % 

N  A  N  J  E  M.y  Rivtrt  a  JQiort  cfeek  whi^ 
empties  ir.to  th^  Patowmap  inCharlea 
county,  Maiyland,  foudi-figeftvnuril'or 
Port  Tobacco  river.       ' 

Nansemond,  a  county  of  Virrinia^ 
on  the  S.  fide  of  Jannca't  river,  aM  Wv 
of  Norfolk  CO.  on  the  N.  Caidina  line. 
It  is  about  44  mHea  in  length*  and  i^, 
in  breadth,  and  contain^  posb  ii|habU| 
tant9,  including  381 7  flaves.  | 

Nansemond,  a  flMtttriverof  Vit^^' 
nia,  which  rifesin  Oreat  Diiinal  Swan^p/ 
and  purfuing  a  N^  then  a  N.  E.  diree-, 
tioti,  emptits  into  James's  rivm  a  ftnV 
miles  W.  of  Elitabeih  river.  It  it  liai 
vigable  to  Sleepy  l^ole,  fig^  veflfels  of «  50 
toi)s ;  to  Suffbll;,  for  >hole  of  100  tone  { 
and  to  Milner^s,  ibrthofe  of  as  tons. 

NANTAaKBT  Roai^  may  be  ebnfi- 
dered  as  the  entrance  into  the  chaiutels 
of  Bofton  harbour;  lies  $.  of  the  light- 
houfe,  nearKaiiuford  or  Ho^ital  lihnd« 
A  veflel  may  anchor  here  in  from  7  ta 
s'&thoms  in  fafety.  Two  huts  aiv 
ere6led  here  with  acconunodatfions  for 
Shipwrecked  feamen. 

Nantikoke,  a  navigable  river  of 
the  eaftem  Ihore  of  Maryland,  emptiea 
into  the  Chefapeak  Bay. 

Nantikoi(E8,  ai^  Indian  nation  who 
formerly  lived  in  Maryland,  upon  the 
above  river.  They  fim  retirea  to  the 
Sufquchannah,  and  then  farther  north. 
They  were  (killed  in  the  art  of  poilbn- 
ine}  by  which  (hocking  art  neany  their 
whole  tribe  was  extirpated,  as  well  aa 
fome  of  their  neighbours.  Theie,  witlf 
the  Mohickons  and  Conoys,  ao  yeara 
ago^  inhabiitd  Utfanango;  Chagiiet  and 
Owegy,  on  the  E*  branch  of  "the  Suf. 
•    "V  3  -'"'-.   i|whannah« 


ytiiiimwh*  fht  two  firft  ce^Idat  Att 
verfod  fbrniih  a  iea«v«mors  Mch  i  and 
tot  Conoya  fo  warrion. 

Nantmill,  B^fi  and  IPWr»  Mvb 
tfNmfliips  In  Chefter  cq.  Pennfylviuiia. 
.  Nautucket  JJUuidt  belonging  to 
the  State  of  Maflachufrtti,  h  Tituatcd 
between  lat.  41.  i  %.  and  41.  i».  30.  N. 
and  between  69.  56.  and  70. 13.  30.  W. 
long,  and  is  about  8  lesguet  fouthWard 
«f  Cape  Cod,  and  lies  caftward  of  the 
iHand  of  Martlia'a  Vineyard.  It  li  1 5 
iniies  in  /cngtlit  and  1 1  in  breadth,  in- 
eiluding  Sandr  Point ;  but  its  general 
breadtn  is  if  milea.  This  is  thought 
to  be  the  ifland  called  NttttUon  by  an- 
cient voyagers.  There  is  but  one  bay 
«f  any  note,  and  that  is  formed  by  a 
long  fandy  point,  extending  front  the 
S.  end  of  the  Uland  to  the  N.  and  W. 
(on  which  ftands  a  light  houfe,  which 
was  ereAed  by  the  State  in  1784]!  and 
on  the  north  ude  of  the  ifland  as  far  as 
Xel  Pobt.  This  makes  a  fine  road  for 
ihi'"^,  eMeptwith  the  wind  at  N.  W. 
iR(hi. .  there  is  a  heavy  fwell.  The  har- 
M^r  has  a  bar  of  fand,  on  which  are  on- 
ly 7)  feet  of  water  at  ebb  tide,  but  with- 
in it  has  I  a  and  14  feet.  The  ifland 
conftitutea  a  county  of  its  own  name, 
and  contains  4>6ao  inhabitants,  and 
fends  one  reprefentative  to  the  general 
court.  There  is  a  duck  manufactory 
here,  and  10  fperma.eti  worics.  The 
inhabitants  are,  for  the  nioft  part,  a  ro- 
buft  and  enterprifing  fe:  of  people, 
moflly  feamen  and  mechanics.  The 
feamen  are  the  moft  expert  whale-men 
in  the  world.  The  whale  fifliery  origi. 
nated  among  the  white  inhabitants  in 
the  year  1690,  in  boats  from  the  fliore. 
In  171 5,  they  had  6  floops,  38  tons  bur- 
den, and  the  fifh^ry  produced  iiool. 
fieri.  From  i77«»  to  1775,  the  fiflMry 
employed  1 59  (ail  from  90  to  180  tons, 
upon  the  coaft  of  Guinea,  Brazil,  and 
the  Weft- Indies;  the  produce  of  which 
amounted  to  167,000!.  fieri.  The  late 
<vvar  almofl  ruined  this  bnfinefs.  They 
have  fin(:e,  however,  revived  it  again, 
and  purfue  the  whales  even  into  the 
great  Pacific  Ocean.  There  is  not  here 
a  fmgle  tree  of  natural  growth;  they 
have  a  place  called  The  Woods,  but  it 
has  been  deftltute  of  trees  for  thefe  60 
years  pafl.  The  ifland  had  formerly 
plepty  qS  woodf  The  people,  efpeciaU 
]y  the  females,  are  fotiidiy  attached  to 
the  ifland,  and  few  wifli  to  migtatf  to 


N  AR 

a  mora  ddirable  (ituatlon.  The  pee- 
^  are  moftly  Frundtt  or  Quakers. 
Then  Is  one  focicty  of  Congnegation. 
alifls.  Some  part  of  the  E.  end  of  the 
ifland,  known  by  the  name  of  Squama 
and  fonie  few  other  places,  are  held  as 
private  farms.  At  prefent  there  are 
near  300  proprietors  of^the  ifland.  The 
proportional  number  of  cattle,  Iheep, 
Arc.  put  out  to  paflure,  and  the  quanti> 
ty  of  ground  to  raife  crops,  are.minute> 
ly  regulated;  and  proper  officers  are 
appointed,  who,  in  their  books  debit 
and  credit  the  proprietors  atcordingly. 
In  the  month  of  June,  each  proprietor 
eives  in  to  the  clerks  the  number  of 
his  fheep,  cattle,  and  horfes,  that  he 
may  be  charged  with  them  in  the  books ; 
and  if  the  number  be  more  than  he  is 
entitled  to  by  his  rishtSi  he  hires  ground 
of  his  neighbours  wno  have  lefs.  But, 
if  the  proprietors  all  together  have  more 
than  their  number,  the  overplus  are  ei> 
ther  killed  or  tranfported  from  the  iflail^. 

In  the  year  1659,  when  Thomas 
Macy  removed  with  his  family  from 
Salifbury  in  EfTex  co.  to  the  W.  end  of 
the  ifland,  with  feveral  other  families, 
there  were  nearly  3,000  Indians  on  the 
ifland,  who  were  kind  to  flrangers,  and 
benevolent  to  each  ether,  and  lived  hap. 
pily  until  contaminated  by  the  bad  ex- 
ample of  the  whites,  who  introduced 
rum ;  and  their  number  foon  began  to 
deci-eafe.  The  whites  had  no  material 
quaiTel  or  difliculty  with  them.  The 
natives'  fold  their  lands,  and  the  whites 
went  on  purchafing ;  till,  in  fine,  they 
have  obtained  the  whole,  except  fome 
fmall  rights,  which  are  ftiil  retained  by 
the  natives.  A  mortal  fickne'fs  carried 
off  ass  of  them  in  1764;  and  they  are 
now  reduced  to  4  niales,  and  16  females. 

Nantucket,  (formerly  Sberiume} 
a  pofl-town,  capital  and  port  of  entry  in 
the  above  ifland.  The  exports  in  the 
year  ending  Sept.  30,  1794^  amounted 
to  10,517  dollars.  It  is  60  miles  S.E. 
of  New-Bedford,  1x3  S.  W.  of  Bofton, 
and  382  E.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Nantucket  Sboah  a  bank  which 
fliretches  out  above  15  leagvieein  length, 
and  6  in  breadth,  to  the  S.  £,  from  the 
ifland  of  its  name. 

Nantuxet  Bay,  New-Jerfey,  is  on 
the  eaftem  fide  of  CN^laware  Bay,  oppo- 
fite  Bombay  Hook. 

NARaAGANSST  Bojf,  Rhode-Ifland, 
makes  up  from  fouth  to  north  between 

the 


N  A  S 

the  mam  land  on  tht  caft  and  weft.  It 
■mbofiNM  many  fruitful  and  baautUiil 
Iflandi,  the  principal  of  which  are 
llhade  Ifland,  Canonicut»  Prudence, 
Patience,  Hope,  Dvers,  and  Hog  Ifl- 
andi.  The  chief  harbouri  are  New> 
port,  Wickford,  Warren,  Briftd,  arid 
Greenwich,  befidet  Providence  and  Pa- 
tuxet}  the  latter  is  near  the  mouth  of 
Patuxet  river,  which  falU  iato  Provi- 
dence river.  Taunton  river  and  nuny 
finaller  ftreamt  fall  into  this  capacious 
hay.  It  affords  fine  fifln  oyfters  and 
lobfters  in  great  plenty. 

NAtLKAOVAOViB^.  Apart  of  the 
bay  between  Goltlibofough  and  Ma- 
chiaa,  in  Washington  co.  Diftrift  of 
Maine,  goes  by  this  name.  From 
thence  for  the  fpace  of  60  or  70  mile*, 
the  navigator  fimii,  within  a  great  num> 
lier  of  nne  iflandi,  a  fecure  and  pleafant 
fliip-way.  Many  of  thefe  idande  are 
inhabited  and  make  a  fine  appearance. 
A  river  of  the  fame  name  falls  iato  the 
bay. 

,  Narracuaovs,  a  pofl-town,  fitua- 
ted  on  the  above  bay,  16  miles  north- 
eaft  of  Goldlborough,  63  eafl  of  Pcnob- 
fcOt,  9  from  Pleafant  river,  and  673 
fivm  Philadelphia. 

Narrows,  The.  The  narrow  uaf- 
iage  fi'om  fea,  between  Long  and  Sta- 
ten  Iflands  into  the  bay  which  fprcads 
before  New- York  city,  formed  by  the 
junction  oi  Hudfon  and  Eaft  rivers,  is 
thus  called.  This  flrait  is  9  miles  fouth 
of  the  city  of  Ncw-York. 

Narrows,  Tbe^  a  firait  about  3 
miles  broad,  between  the  iflands  of  Ne- 
vis and  St.  Chriftopher's  Iflands,  in  the 
Weft-Indies'. 

Nash,  a  county  of  Halifax  difbifb, 
containing  7,393  inhabitants,  of  whom 
a,oo9  are  flaves.  There  is  a  large  and 
valuable  body  of  iron-ore  in  this  coun- 
ty i  but  only  one  bloomcry  has  yet  been 
ereifled. 

Nash,  Court- Houfit  in  K.  Carolina, 
where  a  poft-ofiice  is  kept  38  miles 
from  Tarborough,  and  as  far  from 
Lewifburg. 

Nashaun,  or  New/bamm*  one  of 
the  Elizabeth  Ifles,  the  property  of  the 
Hon.  James  Bowdoin,  Efq.  ct  Boiton, 
fituat^  at  the  mouth  of  Buazard's  Bay, 
and  .3  miles  frmu  the  extremity  of  the 
peninfttia  of  Bamftable  co.  Confider- 
able  numbers  of  fheep  and  cattle  are 
fuppovtcd  upon  thia  ilundi  and  it  has 


N  A  8  149* 

heideme  funoits  lor  ita  escdkat  woo' 
and  cbaeft.  Here  Capt*  Barthelaninr 
Oofadd  haded  in  t<ea,  and  took  tip 
his  abode  for  fbnc  tinw. 

Nashua,  Jtnwr,  is  a  coofidwaUo 
ftrcam  in  Worcefter  co.  hlaflachufirtla, 
and  haa  rich  intervale  landaoo  its  baaka.' 
It  enters  Merrhnack  river  atDunftaMe. 
Its  courfie  is  nortb-north-caft. 

Nashvilli,  tbeahief  town  of  Mcro 
Oiftrift  in  the  Stale  of  Tennciet,  ia 
plcafantly  fituatedhi  Davidfbn*s  co.  on 
the  fouth  bank  of  Cumberland  river^ 
where  it  is  aoo  yards  broad.  It  wa» 
named  after  Brig.  Gen.  Francis  Nafh^ 
who  fell  on  the  4th  of  Oft.  1777,  in  tho 
battle  of  Gerroantown.  It  is  regular^ 
laid  out,  and  contains  75  houfes,  acourt- 
lioufe,  an  academy,  and  a  church  iat 
Prefbyterians,  and  one  for  Merhodifti. 
It  is  the  feat  of  the  courts  heU  fcmi-an» 
nually  fior  tlie  difiriA  of  Mcro,  and  ol 
the  courts  of  pleas  and  <|uartcr  fcffioni 
for  Davidfbn  co.  It  is  1S5  mU'^  weft 
of  Knoxville,  66  from  Big  SaU  Lick 
garrilbn,  190  S.  by  W.  of  Lexington  ii^ 
Kentucky,  635  W.  by  S.  «f  Richmond 
in  Virginia,  and  1015  W>  8.  W.  of- 
Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  36.  W.  long,  t-j, 
8. 

Naskeag  Pentf,  in  Lincoln  co.  Di- 
(Irift  of  Maine,  is  the  caftcm  point  of 
Penobfcot  Bay. 

Naspatvcket /{i<t;«r.  Sec/firai^. 
patucJtet. 

Nas<^ir6u  RktiTt  oh  the  Labra- 
dor  coaft,  is  to  the  weftward  of  Efqui- 
maux  river. 

N  ASS  as  Rvver.    See  St,  Andre, 

Nassu  £<iy,  or  f^Vt'to  Sat^^  is  a 
large  bay  on  th«  «oa(.  of  Weft-Florida, 
about  70  miles  from  north  ^o  fouth.  It 
has  4  iflands  on  a  line  for  50  miles  fr-om 
S.  W.  to  N.  £.  with  openings  between 
them  a  mile  or  two  wide.  The  moft 
northerly  is~  called  Myrtle  Ifland,  be- 
tween which,  and  the  continent,  is  tiie 
entrance  of  the  bay.  The  bay  is  15 
miles  broad  from  Myrtle  Ifland  to  a  row 
of  iflands  running  parallel  with  the  main 
land,  and  another  bay  between  them 
flretching  50  or  60  miles  to  the  fouth, 
as  far  as  one  of  the  finaller  mouths  of 
the  Milfifippi.    See  Naffau  RoaJ. 

Nassau  Bay,  an  extenfive  bay  of 
the  ocean,  on  the  S.  coalt  of  Terra  del 
Fuego  ifland^  at  the  S.  extremity  of  S. 
America.  It  is  to  the  £.  of  Falfc  Cape 
Horn,  which  forms  the  weftero  limit-  ti 

Y4  tht 


tlMhifi  CqwHonilMiaf  tlM8.f0h( 

•idt,  •  jranpt  of  UUads  which  Mt  off 
the  codloppofiM  tt>  thU  btjr.  Thia 
Ujr  M  kurgK  and  oMn,  wcU  iMlt«t«d 
ftan  the  MH^Mii  oi  th«  ocmii.  It  to 
stfiiM*  of  holding  »  tet  of  Aipo.  and 
Ihongh  thtn  wo  Arall  iflindt  mot  bt 
ottnacc,  tU  the  dRngori  arc  viftbki  ud 
iiiM  UMy  fail  fndy  between  thenif  or  on 
each  fide  of  them,   ^tt  ii^tn  Cafi. 

Naiiav  Oift,  on  the  coaft  of  Snri- 
MBB,  or  N.  E.  coift  of  S.  Ameriea,  ii^ 
a»  the  M.  N.  W.  of  Bftquibo  gulf,  and 
the  B.  point  of  the  entrance  into  the  ii> 
vcr  Piimaron.  It  ia  in  about  lat.  f.  40. 
N.  and  long.<  59.  30.  W, 

Nasiav  Q^t  on  the  N.  Oiora  of 
Terra  Firma,  8.  America. 

NAeiAti,  a  linali  town  in  Dauphin 
CO*  Pcnniyivania,  It  cootatni  a  Gcr< 
aMM  church,  and  about  35  hmfib'.  It 
k  alio  called  Kmfjltmm* 

NAaiAV  f/iatut,  at  the  mputh  of  By- 
nun  river,  in  Long-Ifland  £ouad. 
.  Nassau  R§a4lt  on  thecoatt  of\^eft- 
Florida,  lieaW.  of  MobUc  Bay,  s  leagues 
to  the  northward  of  Ship  Ifland,  and 
within  the  noitb  end  of  the  Chande- 
leura  or  Mynle  IQandf.  It  ia  one  of 
the  bcft  rbada  for  large  veflels  on  the 
wholecoaft  of  Florida.  .Ita^rdajpxxl 
flieltef  from  winds  that  blow  on  ihore, 
baa  no  bar,  and  ia  eafy  of  acceis.  Vef- 
fels,  however,  mtift  not  go  within  |  of 
n  mile  of  the  infide  of  the  iijiand,  it  be- 
ing AmmI  near  that  diftanoe  firbm  the 
ihore.  Veflek  may  jp  round  the  north 
end  of  it  from  the  lea  in  5I  and  6  fa- 
thoma  at  half  a  mile  from  the  fliore,  and 
yfkerwaids  muft  keep  in  4I  and  5  fa- 
thomt  till  the  north  point  beara  N.  N. 
E.  about  a  milea,  where  they  can  ancbor 
ia  4  fiithoma  good  holding  ground,  (hel- 
tared  from  e atterly  and  ibutherlv  winda : 
thia  is  neceffkry  for  .ail  vcflela  nrequent- 
ingthecoaft  of  Florida,  aaeaftcrly  winds 
«re  very  freq^ient.  There  ia  frefli  wa- 
ter to  be  mt  any  where  on  the  Chande- 
Icurs  by  dt[^ing }  and  there  ia  a  kind 
of  well  at  the  north  end,  near  an  old 
hat.  There  is  no  wood  to  be  found 
liere  but  drift  wood,  of  which  there  h 
great  plenty  along  ftioce.  Na&u  Roaii 
was  fim  ducoverM  by  Dr.  Daniel  Cox, 
9f  New- Jerieyf  who  named  it  fo  in  ho 
90ttr  «f  the  retgaiag  prince,  Williani 
III.  8e  tifo  gave  ]£e  name  of  Myrtle 
tflands  t9  UmIc  aficnnunU  callid  ClMUi- 


Meurt,  by  the  fkeneN,  fimlrtNoeandled^ 
made  oi  the.Myrthr  mtoh  witlv  wMdi^ 
theft  ifla^da  kboi^ 

NAteAV  Jswr,-  on  the  aoai'of  lai. 
FleHda»haaa  bv  geMrally  about  tftetf 
water,  b«t  la  AAJatt  toMAing.  Th« 
tides  ^about  7  feet  it  low  fWalf  tidee. 
An  E.  8.  B.  moMi  niak«a  hi|di  vmutr 
here,  aa  alfoin  ntofl  pUccaakmg  the  coaft. 

Nassav,  thsi  chief  town  of  Provi. 
dvncc  Ifland,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  and 
the  fkat  of  government.  N.  lat.  15.  j. 
It  is  the  mly  port  of  entry  eiccept  at 
Turk's  liland.   8ceB«AMM/. 

Naotia,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See 

Nata,  a  town  and  bay  in  the  pro. 
vinceof  Terra  Firma,  8.  America.  Thf 
bay  of  Nata  Ilea  on  the  S.  coaft  of  the 
Ifkhmus  of  Daricn,  and  on  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  From  hence  and  the  ad. 
jacent  parts,  provifioas  are  lent  for  the 
fnmply  of  the  mhabitants  of  Pamuni^ 
which  city  ia  67  milea  N.  E.  of  Nata. 
The  bay  ia  fpa(;ioua  and  decp)  but  it  not 
ufed  by  fhipa  but  in  cafea  ot  ncctfOity, 
as  they  aie  liable  to  be  embayed  by  the 
winds  that  blow  ftequently  at  B.  upon 
the  Ihore.  The  bay  extends  to  ttie 
ifland  Iguenas.  N.  lat.  I.  is.  W.  long. 

II. IS. 

Nata  Point,  or  CAmmr,  or  Chan, 
mu  Caftt  is  at  the  W.  point  of  the  gulf 
of  Panama,  from  whence  the  coaft 
trends  W.  to  H^guera  Point  7  league^. 
All  fhipa  bound  to  the  N.  W.  and  to 
Acapuico  make  thia  point.  It  ia  alfo 
cailM  the  S.  point  ot  the  bay,  which, 
liea  within  on  the  W.  fide  of  tU?  ^  nett 
Gulf  of  Panama. 

Natach^hjoin  Bhvtr,  a  largerivet: 
of  the  coaft  w  Labrador,  in  N.  Ameri. 
to  the  weftwardofNalquirou  river. 


ca 


under  Mount  Joli,  where'  it  forma  a 
foutherly  cape  in  lat.  50.  sc.  N.  and 
lonjK.  60. 45.  W.  The  little  Natach. 
quoin  is  to  the  W.  S.  W.  of  thia. 

Natal,  a  cape  apd  towit,  on  the  S. 
Aiore  of  the  Rio  Grande,  onithe  N.  £. 
coaft  of  Brazil  in  S.  America,  ik  to  the 
S.  W.  of  the  four  fquare  fhoal,  at  th^ 
month  of  the  entrance  of  that  tiVer, 
which  containa  fome  dahgeruua  rocks. 
On  this  point  is  the  Caftle  of  the  Thr^ 
Kings,  or  Fortaieza  des  Tres  Magos. 
The  town  of  Natal  is  3  leagues  from  the 
caftle  before  which  is  g^  anehoii^ 
for  fhips,  ib  from  4  to  5  fatJtoms,  tiif^ 
well  iccuRd  Irom  winds* 

Natchis* 


%1 


NAY 

WATcyiB,  >  jiinniM  wlka  of  la* 

trx«<i  ilw  «.  Mi  Of  tKiMiifiifi,  »irt 
ReAlk  M  fin»t«d  faitlio  coMotrv  wbiob 
tlwypo(B:<lMl,iiiUl.  fi,4«*  MotUog 
now  I  cmaintoi'  chU  notioa  but  Um  nanf » 
bjr  which  ih*  coumry  coMkuitt  to  bt 
falM.  The  Crctkt  or  Mulcogwl|et 
rofeupsn  the  rnbM  el' tbU  notion,  'Ac 
Frmoi  oontpictcd  thcif  dcftniAion  in 

3730.    Tht  Notches  or  Sun  Set  In 
ioMf  are  0  port  of  the  Creek  contode- 
dcncy  which  they  joiiMd  otter  they  Urh 
Louinono, 

MATCHiTOCHit.  A  troA  of  country 
in  Ikouifiino,  on  the  river  Ro«se«  or 
RedrivcTi  bearitbif  name.  The  French 
had  a  very  confiderable  noft  on  (hit  river 
calWd  Natchitochei.  it  wot  a  frontier 
OB  thr  Sponilh  iirttlementtf  being  so 
roilee  itom  the  fort  of  AHayes,  and  70 
Veagues  froon  the  confluence  of  the 
iUiUge  with  the  Miflfifippi. 

Natick,  an  ancient  lownAiip  in  Mid- 
dlefex  CO.  MaiUtchuTettey  fituated  upon 
Charles  river,  it  milca  8,  W.  of  Bofton. 
ai^I  19  14.  W.  of  Dedham.  Its  name 
in  the  Indian  language  (ignifies  **  The 
pla«e  of  hills."  The  famous  Mr.  Eliot 
tbrmed  a  religious  I'ociety  here  |  and  in 
i6''o,  there  were  30  Indian  communi. 
^ani».  At  his  motion,  the  Genei-al 
Court  granted  the  land  in  thii  town, 
containing  about  Oooo  acres,  to  the  In- 
dians. Very  few  of  their  delcuidants, 
ho^ieever,  now  remain.  It  was  incor- 
porated intoanEnglifli  diftrid  in  1761, 
ind  into  a  townihip  in  1781  i  and  now 
contains  613  inhabitants. 

NattbnaT,  an  Indian  village  on 
Noetka  Sound,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
I^.  America.  It  has  a  remarkable  ca- 
tara£^,  or  water-tall,  a  few  miles  to  the 
northwanl  of  it.  N.  lat.  4.S.  40.  W. 
long,  iirom  Greenwich  ii^.  6. 

Natvkau  Bridge,  See  Rockbrulge 
CoMff/^,- Virginia. 

Nauoowesies,  an  Indian  nation  in- 
habiting lands  betwee^Lakes  Michigan 
and  Superior.    Warriors,  500. 

Naugatuck  itfVu/r,  anorth-eaftern 
branch  of  Houi'atonic  river  in  ConncAi- 
cut.  A  great  number  of  mills  and  iron- 
works are  upon  this  ftieam  and  its 
Ranches. 

Nay AORE,  a  province  oFMew-Mex- 
i^i  on  the  N.  £.  fide  of  tike  Gulf  oi 


WAV  M 

Colifcrnltt  wMch  AMnttt  !l  bum  tlw 
jMBiiiAito of ColMonW,  onihe I.  W. 
r  N*TMiA,aliM»iaMdiiitl»WiiMU 
iward  folhfi,  or  Antt  hatwecn  Cuba, 
aad   HUhaaiola   la  the  Wcft.!ndiia< 
'  riiitbertka  lulMkbimitof  Jamoica  eooM 
ia  boota  to  bill  gmrai,  aa  amj^ioM: 
cmnuf  thm  bwodp  plaatlfulfy  «i  tht. 
roots  of  old  totea.    Thev  arc  ia  iW 
(hapo  of  a  lisahl,  with  fi)al«a,  aad  fivna 
are  1  ffei  ia  kagth,    Thdr  fleOi  ia. 
firm  and  white,  mm  iaid  by  iieinwk  t* 
make  good  broth. 

N  A  V  Az  Af  a  fiaall  bama  ifland  In  tha 
Weft-Indies,  not  very,  high,  is  fterp  alt 
round,  and  lies  iu  lat.  it.  aa.  N.  It  ia. 
SI  leagues  W.  6.  W.  \  W.  of  thoE^ 
end  of  Jan(uuca,  and  11  leaeues  from. 
Tiburon,  in  tlic  ifland  of  St.  I>omingo. 

Navisink  HMfhuirt  on  the  fea-CMii^ 
of  Monmouth,  00  New^erfey,  lies  in. 
lat.  40.  S4.  N.  bavtnff  Jumping  Point 
on  the  north,  and  is  sf  miles  8.  of  the 
N.  end  of  Sander  Hook  Ifland  i  and  its 
mouth  ia  5  miles  from  the  town  of 
Shrewfbury.  The  ftnall  rivrr  of  its 
name  falls  into  it  from  the  W.  and  rifes 
ia  the  fame  coimty.  Naveiink  HiUa 
extend  N.  W.  from  the  harbour  on  tho 
Atlantic  Oeean,  to  Rariton  Bay }  aad 
are  the  firit  land  dilcovered  hy  marintra 
when  they  arrive  on  tho  coaft.  Thoy 
are  600  feet  abcwe  tfae  level  of  the  fean 
and  may  be  feen  10  leagues  off. 

Navidad,  a  town  ot  Mechoacan  a 
province  of  Mexico,  with  a  harbour  oa 
the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  1 56  miles  W, 
of  Mexico  city.  N*  lat.  it.  51.  W. 
long.  III.  10. 

NAViREf,orCwii!r.Vav^40tfy,  in  the 
ifland  of  Martinico,  in  the  Weft- Indies* 

Navy,,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  co.  in 
Vermont- 

Navy  Hall,  in  Lower  Canada^ 
Aands  on  the  louth  iide  of  Lake  OntS;* 
I  0,  at  the  head  and  weft  fule  of  Ntaga« 
ra  river,  which  laft  feparates  it  from 
Fort  Niaeara,  on  the  E.  fide,  in  the  State 
of  New  York.  It  is  10  miles  N.  by  W» 
of  Fort  Erie,  and  13  S.  £.  by  8.  of 
York. 

Navy  I/land  lies  in  the  middle  of 
Niagara  river,  whoi'e  wateri  feparate  it 
from  Fort  Sluftier,  on  the  eaft  bank  of 
the  river,  and  the  fame  waters  divide  it 
fiom  Grand  Ifland,  on  the  8.  and  S.  £. 
It  is  about  one  nalt  long,  and  ono 
broad,  and  is  about  l^  miles  N.  by  E* 
ofNavyHaU.  ^ 

Nazarith* 


J^ 


NAZ 


?N4ZAitXTH»  i  beantif^I  town  !n 
««ortIiaivlprqn  co.  ?enDfy!vania,<tnhabi- 
tut  by  NioravUtnt;  or  United  Brethren. 
It  k  iituated  lo  miles  north  of  Beth- 
ttKa»  i^d  63  N.  by  W.  of  Phihdel. 
fhin.    It  ii  a  jraft  of  good  feuidt  cm- 
tiiining^  about  5^000  acret,  purchafed  by 
tfitt  JUv.  O*  Whitfield,  in  1740,  and 
iJti  xyeari  after  to  the  brethren.  They 
were  bDwenc  obliged  to  leave  thU  place 
the  firnie  year,  where  it  feenu  they  had 
^adie  fome  ftttlen  utt  be 'ore.    Bifllop 
Kjiciunan  arrived  fiom  Europe    this 
jt^r  (»74o)  Tith  a  company  of  breth- 
fCR  and  faters,  and  purchafed  and  fet> 
tied  upon  the  fpot  which  is  now  called 
Bethlehem.      The  town  of  Nazareth 
ibnds  about  the  centre  of  the  manor,  on 
a  (mall  creek,  which  lofl^  itfclf  in  the 
earth  about  a  mik  and  a  half  £.  of  the 
ftwn.  It  was  reguhrly  laid  ont  in  :  772, 
and  conitfts  of  s  principal  ftreets  which 
doTs  each  other,  at  rif St  angles,  and 
form  a  fqiiare  in  the  middle,  of  34.0  by 
»oo  feet.    The  1;  Kgeft  building  is  a 
tone  houfe^ereAed  in  1755,  "i^i^d  Na- 
zateth  Halt,  98  feet  by  46  in  length, 
and  34  in  heighth.    Ti»e  lowtr  floor  is 
foimtd  into  a  fpacious  hall  for  public 
w«r/hip,  the  upptr  part  of  the  houfe  is 
fltvd  up  tor  a  boarding  fchool,  where 
youth*  frorn  different  parts,,  are  under 
the  inrpeAionof  theminiller  of  the  place 
and  icveral  tutors,  and  are  inllruAed  in 
the  Englifty  German,  French  and  Latin 
kngtiages ;  in  hiltory,  geography, book- 
&erping,  mathemaxics,  mufic,  drawing, 
rjKi  other  fciences.    The  front  of  the 
houfe  faces  a  large  fquare  open  to  the 
€>uth,  adjoining  a  fine  piece  of  meadow 
nound>  and  commands  a  mod  delight- 
ful  profpefl.    Another  elegant  building 
«n  the  E.  of  Nazareth  Hall  is  inhabited 
fty  the  fmgle  fillers,  who  have  the  fame 
Rgubtions  and  way  of  living  as  thofe  at 
Bethlehem.   Befides  their  principal  ma- 
%a^i&ory  for  fuihning  and  twifUng  cot- 
tcK,  tlveybave  lately  begun- to  draw  wax 
tapeis.  At  the  fouth-wcd  corner  jf  the 
aforefaiil  Cc-iare,  in  the  middle  of  the 
tuwn,  is  the  fingle  br-tlwen's  houfe,  and 
on  the  E.  S.  E.  corner  a  Hore.     On  the 
J'>utlKnimott  end  of  ths  ftrect  is  a  good 
t^  tei  n.  The  t'welling-houfes  are,  a  few 
excepted,   built  of  rime-ftonr,  one  or 
t«4>  Tories  high,  inhabited  by  tiaclef- 
snui  and  mechanics,  mcilly  of^ German 
catra^lion.   Theinhahitaiits are  fuppli 
cdwith.MTAt^'  conveyed  »othcm  by  pipes  . 


from  a  fine  (bring  near  the  (own.  The 
Ifituation  of  the  town,  and  the  fklubrioar 
airbfthfe  ad^eent  cdaBtry,  render  this 
a  very'agreeaMe  pl^e<  The  number 
of  inhabitants  In  the  town  and  dir  firms' 
belbnging  to  it,  (Shoen^  included) 
conftitctin^tMie  congregation,  and  meet- 
ing fer  divine  fervfce  on  Lord'sdajrs  and 
hMtdays,  at  Nazareth  Hall,  was,  in  the 
year  1788,  about  450^  '■■■■* 

Necessity,  Fort,  m  Virginia,  is  fi*i 
tuated  in  the  Great  Meadow,  within  4. 
miles  of  the  W.  bounds  of  Maryland, 
and  on  the  north  fide  of  the  head  water 
of  Red  Stone  Creek,  which  empties 
from  the  £.  into  the  Monongahela,  in 
N.  lat.  39.  43.  about  s6 miles  from  the 
i'pot  where  this  fort  was  ei-e£led.  It  is 
tji  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Alexandria,  and 
258  north-weft  of  Frederickfburg.  This 
fpot  will  be  forever  famous  in  the  hif. 
tory  of  America,  as  one  of  the  firft' 
fcenes  of  Gen.  Washington's  abili- 
ties  as  a  commander.  In  1753,  it  was 
only  a  fmall  onfinifhed  entrenchment, 
when  Mr.  Walhington,  then  a  colonel, 
in  the  aad  year  of  his  age,  was  fent  witlr 
300  men  towards  the  Ohio.  An  en- 
gagement with  the  enemy  enfued,  and 
the  Frendi  were  defeated.  M.  de  ViU 
lier,  the  French  commander,  fent  down 
900  men  befides  Indians,  to  attack  the 
Virginians.  Their  brave  leader,  how-^. 
ever,  niadef-i:h  an  able  defence  withr 
his  handful  of  men  in  this  unfinifhed 
fort,  as  to  conftrain  the  French  officer 
to  grant  him  honourable  terms  of  capi- 
tulation. • ' 

Neodk'k,  Ca//,  or  Heddoek^Viet  be- 
tween York  river  and  Well's  Bay  ou 
the  coaft  of  York  co.  DiArifl  of  Maine. 

Neddick  Rin/ery  dpt,  in  the  above 
county,  is  navigable  about  a  mile  from 
the  fea,  and  at  fail  tide  only  for  vefTels 
of  any  confiderable  burden,  it  having  a 
bar  ot  fand  at  its  mouth,  and  at  an  hour 
before  and  after  low  water,  this  rivulet 
is  generally  fo  fhallow  as  to  be  fordable 
within  a  few  rods  of  'ihe  fea.  ' 

NEfcDHAM's  Fointt  on  the  S.  W.  an- 
gle  of  the  iiland  of  Barbadocs  in  the 
Weft- Indies,  is  to  the  S.  eaftcrly  from 
Bridgetown,  having  a  foit  upon  it  called 
Charles  Fort. 

Need  MAM,  a  townfhip  in  Norfolk 
CO.  Maffachufetts,  1 1  miles  from  Bollon. 
It  is  about  9  miles  in  length  and  5  in 
liieadth,  and  is  almoft  encompafTecl  by 
Charhs  river.    The  lowei  fall  of  tlw 

river, 


r 


K  E  L 

i^ver>  at  the  bridge  between  Newton 
and  Necdham  it  about  so  ftct  in  ita 
direft  dcfceot*  Here  the  river  divides 
Middlesex  from  Norfolic  co.  ^  It  wa« 
ineorporated  in  1 7 1  x  •  and  contains  1 1 30 
intiabitants.  A  flitting  and  tvliitig  mill 
has  lately  been  erc£ted  nere. 

Neehbbhbou,  pne  of  the  Sandwich 
iflands»  about  5  leagues  to  the  weftwaitl 
of  Atooi,.andhasaAiout  10,000  inhabi- 
tants. Its  place  of  anchorage  is  in  lat. 
SI.  50.  N.  and  long.  160.  15.  W. 
Sometimes  it  is  called  Ntbeeownt  Onte- 
teow. 

Negada,  or  JtueaJa,  one  of  the 
Caribbee iflands  in  the  Weft- Indies.  It 
is  low  an(<  defart,  encompaiTed  with 
ihoals  and  lund.banks.  It  is  called  Ne- 
gada,  from  its  being  moftly  overflown 
by  high  tides.  It  is  50  miles  north - 
weft  of  Angiiilla,  and  abounds  with 
crabs.  N.  lat.  18.  6.  W.  long.  63.  5. 

NsoRiL  HarbouTt  North,  at  the  W. 
end  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  has  North 
Negril  Point  on  the  north,  which  is  the 
moft  wederl;^  point  of  the  Ifland  of  Ja- 
maica.   N. .  c.  18.  45.  W.  long.  78. 

Negro  Cafe  and  Harbour,  at  the 
fouth-weft  extremity  of  Nova-Scotia. 

Negro  Point,  on  the  £.  coaftot  Bra- 
zil, is  3  leagues  at  S.  S.  E,  from  the  Rio 
Grande,  and  14  fromCapeSt.  Kocque. 

Negro  River  is  the  weftcrn  bound- 
ary of  Guiana  in  S.  America. 

Negao  Fort,  in  Amazonia,  ftands  on 
the  mrth  fide  of  Amazon  river  in  S. 
America,  juft  below  the  junction  of  its 
^reat  branches  the  Purus  and  Negro, 
m  the  4th  degree  of  north  latitude,  and 
about  the  60m  of  W.  longitude. 

Nelson,  a  county  ot  Kentucky. 
Chief  town,  Bairdftown. 

Nelson's  Fort,  a  fettlemer.t  on  the 
W.  fliore  of  Hudfon's  Bay,  (ituated  at 
the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name, 
S50  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Churchill  Fort, 
and  600  north-weft  of  Rupert's  Fcrt,  in 
the  poflefTion  of  the  Hudfon's  Bay  Com- 

{>any.  It  is  in  lat.  57.  12.  north,  and 
ong.  93.  4Z.W.  The  ftioals  fo  called 
ar.  faid  to  be  in  lat.  57.  35.  north,  and 
long.  92.  It.  weft,  and  to  have  high 
water  at  full  and  change  days  at  ao  mi- 
nutes paft  8  o'clock. 

Nelson's  River/is  thcN.  W.  branch 
of  Hayes  river,  on  the  W.  fliore  of  Hud- 
fon's Bay,  which  is  feparated  into  two 
channels  by  Hayes  Ifland,  at  the  mouth 
of  whi^h  Nelfon's  Fort  is  fituated. 


\ 


Nbnawbwhcx  JniBant  Inbabl^ncfiff 
Scvem.river,  fouth  of  Severn  lake. 

NeomInas  llivrr,«i  the  coaft  of  Pe- 
ru, is.it  or  14  leagues  to  tbeN.  W.  of 
Bonaventura  river.  It  is  a  bu^e  ^'w* 
and  empties  into  the  qcean  by  a  moutba. 
Th^  fliore  is  low,  but  there  is  no  land-* 
in£  upon  it,  as  it  is  inhabited  only  hf 
favag  js  whom  it  would  not  be  very  big 
to  ti-uft,  as  their  peaceable  or  boftlffdiC 
lx>ntion  towards  Europeans  cannot  bf 
eafily  known.  The  coaft,  though  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  moft  flouriibuig  Spanifli 
colonies,  remains  unfrequented  and  wiM. 
Palmaslfland  is  oppofite  to  this  river,  be* 
ing  low  land,  and  having  fevcral  flioab 
about  it }  and  from  hence  to  Cape  jpori- 
entes  is  20  leagues  to  the  N.W.  Theri. 
ver  and  ifland  are  in  lat.  about  4.  30.  N. 

Nepean  Ifiaad,  a  fmall  Ifland  of  the 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  oppofite  to  Port 
Hunter  on  the  fljuth  coaft  of  Norfolk 
Ifland. 

Nepean  Soiad,  an  extenlive  water 
on  the  north-weft  coaft  of  N.  America, 
having  a  number  of  iflanda  in  it,  m 
fome  charts  called  Princes  Royal  Ifl. 
ands.  It  opens  eaftward  from  Cane  St, 
James,  the  Ibuthemmoft  point  ofWafli.^ 
ington's  or  <Jucen  Charlotte's  Iflands. 
Fitzhug'h's  Sound  lies  between  it  and 
Queen  Charlotte's  Sound  to  the  foutibi* 
ward. 

N  e  po  N  s  E  t,  a  river  of  Maflachufetts, 
originates  chiefly  from  Muddy  and 
Punkapog  Ponds,  in  Stoughton,  and 
Mafliipog  Pond,  in  Sharon^  and;  after 
pafling  over  falls  frflicient  to  carry  mills, 
unites  with  other  fmall  ftreams,  and 
forms  a  very  conftant  i'upply  of  water, 
tor  the  manv  mills  fituated  on  the  river 
below,  until  it  meets  the  tide  in  Milton, 
from  whence  it  is  navigable  for  'vcflcls 
of  1 50  tons  burden  to  Bofton  Bay,  dih> 
tant  about  4  miles.  There  are  6  paper- 
mills,  bcfidea  many  others  of  difli:tent 
kinds  on  this  fmall  river. 

N£RUKA,aportin  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Brcton.wherc  tliePrenchhad  afettlement. 

Nesbit's  Harbour,  on  tie  coaft  of 
New- Britain,  in  N,  AiP'.nca,  where 
the  Moravians  formed  a  fettlement  in 
1752 }  of  the  firft  party,  fome  were  killed 
and  others  were  driven  away.  In  1764, 
tliey  made  .another  attempt  under  the  pro-. 
te^ion  of  the  Britifii  government,  and 
were  will  received  by  the  Efquimaux, 
and  by  the  laft  a9coynt  the  minion  fuc> 
ceeded.' 

Nbscopecv 


_N|«cerg«K  Rhur  fkUi  into  the  N. 
It.  br|t«k  of  Sufquelwpuwb  river,' new 
th^  uMJiui  b  of  tliie  crceK  of  th«t  name,  b 
|la«^mbci;|inil  CO.  ^i^'vania,  aijd 
MMcUte  to,  the  town  of  Berwick,  160 
!«»*».  W.  of  PkUadclpHia*  and  in  lat. 
4^*1*    An  Ihdian  town,  called  Nelieo.- 

Kk,  fbrmcrly.  ttood  near  the  fcite  of 
rwick. 

fitTBEXLAiws,  Nitu,  ii  the  traA 
tow  included  in  the  States  of  Ncw- 
yci-k;,  lliew-J«fpty,  and  part  of  Dela. 
vrair  and  Fcnnfylvania,  asd  was  thus 
mneil  by  the  P6tch.  It  palTed  &T&  by 
cooeueft  and  afterwards  by  treaty  into 
Che  hands  of  the  Englifli. 
-  Nb  rjtTiiA.  or  Sir  Thomas  JlorV 
WldaaUi  a  naa-ow  ftrait  between  lat. 
6x.  and  63,  in  ^ew  North  Wales,  in 
the  ar^ie  regions  of  Amttiea. 

Nivs,  a  river  of  N.  Carolina,  which 
cmptieainto  Pamlico  Sound  bekm  the 
tawnof  Newbern.  It  is  navieable  for 
Ha  ycfleU  is  miles  above  Newbein ; 
jbr  ftows  50  miles,  and  for  iinall  boats 
soe  mites. 

Nevstra  Seojurat  Baia  dti  or  Our 
£aify''s  Bay^  on  the  ccait  of  Chili,  on 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  in  S.  America,  is 
30  leagues  from  Copiap^,  and  ao  S.  S. 
W.  ot  Cape  George.  It  is  indiiferent 
riding  in  tnis  bay,  as  the  N  W.  winds 
blow  ri^ht  in,  and  'the  gufts  from  the 
nxnmtama  are  vei7  dangerous. 

NsviRSiNK  (yeekt  a  ftream  in  the 
llardenberg  Patent,  in  Uifter  co.  New- 
York.  On  an  ifland  in  this  creek  Mr. 
Baker  having  cut  down  a  hollow  beech 
tree,  in  March,  1790,  found  near  two 
%«rrcU  full  of  chimney  fwallows  in  the 
cavity  of  the  tree.  They  were  in  a  tor- 
pid ftate,  but  fome  of  them  being  pla- 
ced near  a  fire,  were  pkafantly  reanima. 
{ted  by  the  warmth,  and  took  wing  with 
their  ufual  agility. 

Nevil  Saj,  on  the  weft  fliore  of 
Hudlon's  bay,  is  nearly  due  W.  a  little 
northei  ly  from  Cape  Digges  and  Man- 
fcl  idand  at  the  entrance  into  the  bay. 
^orth  lat.  6«.  30.  weft  lone.  95. 

Nevi5,  an  ifland  lefs  than  a  league 
fowth-eafterly  of  the  peninfiila  of  St. 
Chriftopher*s,oneoftheCaribbce.;.Thi8 
beimtitul  little fpot  is  nothing  mure  than 
a  fingie  mountain  rifmg  like  a  cone  in 
an  e;ilv  afcent  from  the  fea ;  the  circum- 
ference  of  its  bafe  not  exceeding  8  Bri- 
tifh  leitgues.  This  ifland  was  douht- 
Ui*  produced  by  fomr  volcanic  eruption, 


ibr  there  is  «  hollow  crater,  qear  tho 
fummit  ftillvifible{  which  contains  a 
hat  Tpring,  ftranjglir  imprfgnated  with 
ftilphur,  and  fntpmir  is  fi^Kently  hnvai 
in  fubftance;  in  the  neig|tt:lourltw  ^u|. 
lies  and  cavities  of  the  cyt^tb.  The  Hl> 
and  is  weirwatered,  and  the  land  in  ge.i 
neral,  fertile.  Pour  thoufand  acres  of 
canes  are  annually  cut,  which  prodnce 
an  equal  number  of  hogiheads  of  funr. 
The  iflMMi,  ftnallas  it  u,  U  divided  into 
5  pariflies.  It  has  one  town,  Cbarlef- 
tawnt  which  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  the 
feat  of  jeovemment ;  where  is  alio  a  fort 
called  Charles  Fort.  Theie  were  two 
otiter  ihippiog  places,  viz.  Indian  Caftle 
and  New-Caftle.  Nevis  contains  600 
whites  and  10,000  blacks.  It  was  flrft 
fettled  by  the  Englifli  in  i6aS,  under 
the  protedion  of  Sir  Thomas  Warrer. 
It  is  faid,  that,  about  the  year  1640  ihe 
ifland  ccmtained  4,000  whites,  and  fom: 
v/riters  fay  that  before  the  year  16S8  It 
had  3P,ooo  inhabitants.  The  invaiion 
of  the  French  about  that  time,  and  liMi^e 
epidemic  diforders  flrangely  diminiflied 
the  number.  Charlcftown,  the  capital 
lies  in  lat.  17. 15.  N.  and  long.  61.  35, 
W.  There  are  feveral  rocks  and  flioals 
on  the  coaft,  particularly  on  the  fouth- 
weft  fide,  but  (hips  ride  between  thfrni 
in  tolerable  fafety,  the  hurrican  fea(bns 
excepted,  when  they  are  obliged  to  put  aft 
to  lea,  and  run  into  Antigua  if  poflibl^. 

N£Vir. Albion,  a  name  given  to  4 
country  of  indefinite  limits,  on  the  weft- 
em  coaft  of  N.  America,  lying  north  of 
Caiiforma, 

New,  a  river  of  N>  Carolina,  which 
empties,  after  a  (hort  courfe,  into  th? 
ocean,  through  New  River  Inlet. ' '  Its 
mouth  is  wide  and  fltoal.  It  abounds 
with  mullet  during  the  winter  feftfon. 

New-Andalusia,  a  jprovince  of 
Terra  Ftima,  S.  America,  lying  on  the 
coaft  of  the  N.  Sea,  oppofite  to  the  Lee> 
ward  Iflands]  bounded  by  the  river 
Oroonoko  on  the  weft.  This  country 
is  called  Parta  by  fome  writers.  Its 
chief  towm  is  St.  Thomas.  Some  gold 
mines  were  difcovrred  here  in  1785. 

New-Anoovsr,  a  fcttlrment  in 
York  CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  which  con- 
tains, including  Hiram  ^nd  Pott(;iftcl(i, 
214  inhabitants. 

New-AnticaRIA,  a  town  ^f  New- 
Spain,  34.  leagues  northward  cf  Aca« 
pulco. 

New-AnticveRa.  anrpifcppal  city 

of 


\. 


^fTEW 


tl»W 


«f  NewwSpaIn,  kilhe  province  of  Oun-  |  NiW*ATMii%tf'iAMlMpr«*fMls 
aca»  «niaed  into  a  biilKwrkk  by  Paul  I  on  the  poft.nMd  ftoMi'  CoiptHM>yt|> 
III.  1 147*    It  kM  «ttMe  cathedra],    WillianAwy,  iii'LiiMi^iPi^^ 

▼ante,  ci»ilM  ipsiM^^  Ittil'IbfMiiav 


i^iiraottcil  himwMt  pillart. 
'  WtWAaKf  a  towolhip  In'Eilex  «o. 
in  VcrittOQt. 

NrwARK  Bmft  in  Newijerftv,  i« 
'  ifenned  by  die  conflaenceof  Paflaidt  and 
Hackenraiek  rtvcra  from  the  north,  and 
»  feparatcd  from  that  part  of  North 
lifer  oppdke'to  New.  York  city,  by 
^Bergfen  Neck  on  the  E.  <whtch  neck, 
^'alfo,  with  Staten  lAand  on  the  S.  of  it, 
^'form  a  narrow  channel  frota  the  6ay  to 
North  river  eaftward.    Newark  Bay  al- 
io communicates  wiih  Raritnn  Bay,  at 
'  the  mouth  of  Rariton  river,  by  a  channel 
in  a  &  by  W.  direAion  along  the>^eftern 
fide  of  Staten  Ifland.  The' water  paiTage 
from   New-York  to   Elizabeth- Town 
'Point,'  15  miles,  is  through  rins  bay. 

Newark,  a  poft-town  of  New-Jerfey 
and  capital  of  Eiftx  coimty,  is  pleafant- 
ly  iituated  at  a  fmall  diftance  wed  of 
PaiTaick  river,  near  its  mouth  in  Newark 
Bay,  and'  nine  miles  W.  'of  -New-  York 
city.     It  is  a  handfome  and  flourifhing 
'tdWn,  celebi'ated  for  the  excellence  of 
its  cyder,  and  is  the  feat  of  the  largeft 
'9ioe  manufaftnre  in  the  State :  the  ave- 
rage number  made  daily  throughout  the 
'year,  is  eftimated  at  about  lop  pairs. 
The  town  is  of  much  the  fame  iize  as 
'Elizabeth-Town,  and  is  6  milesN.  of  it. 
There  is  a  Prefljytevian  church  of  ftone, 
"the  largeft  and  mod  elegant  building  of 
the  kind  In  the  State.     Befides  thcfe  is 
an  Epifcopal  church,  a  court-houfe  and 
•'■spiol.    The  academy  which  was  tftab- 
''  liflied  here  in  June,  1792,  promiles  to 
'be  a  ofeful  inftitution.    In  Newark  and 
in 'Orange  which  joins  it  on  the  N.  W. 
there  are  9  tanneries,  and  valuable  quar- 
ries of  ftone  for  building.  The  quarries 
in  Nevrark,  wotild  rent,  it  is  »id,  for 
w    £  1 000  a  year,  and  tiie  number  of  work- 
men limited.   This  town  was  originally 
fettled  by  emigrants    from   Branford, 
ConneiUcut,  as  long  ago  as  1662. 

Newark,  a  village  in  Newtaftle  co. 
Delaware,  fituatcd  between  Chriftiana 
and  White  Clay  Creeks,  9  miles  well 
of  Ncw-Caftle,  and  no  fouth-weftcrly  of 
Wilmington, 

Newark,  a  town  lately  laid  out  by 
the  Britifli  in  Upper  Can^la,  on  the 
river  which  connects  lake  Krie  and 
Ontario,  directly  oppofite  Niagara  town 
andfott. 


*  .        .        ■ 

the  conflntau  of  Hom  filreir  ^«f^^ 
Ef.  branch  orSaft|ae&miiti«i4n^ 
lat. 4«.  S+'WXl *•«•  7*.  S».'W. 
■bout  3  miles  S^tf  thcHnri-Yotl^lalfa 

New- York,  14S.V.  of  0«MM,  iM 
116S.  W.of<J«>peHlown.^^ 

Nbw-BaMamb*,  <s  HBwiMib  ^ 
htrein  co.  New-Jtrfty« 

New.BEDiM»M,  «  pMt.MW|fi  ip^ 
port  of  entry  in  Btiftbl  co.  llMklMi. 
tetts,  fttuatad^m  a  IbMll  baywririeh^ 
up  north  from  ■Bi»iard*«)Bt]rir  ^fr*!^ 
S.  ofBofton.    Tbe  townih^'wosui- 
corporated  in  tySy,  and  it  »j  niilet  ia 
length  and  4  in  bt««dth  }  bOaftf^^E. 
by  Rochefter,  W.  by  Darfraootli,  «r 
which  it  was  origimdlv  a  part,  «nd  ^  ^ 
by  Buzzard V  Bay.    Acebt>1kua -wna^ 
Indian  name  of  New- Bedford ;  and  tbs 
linall  river  of  that  nane,  difcovered  kf 
Gofhold  in  i6o«,  rant  fvomiiorth  t» 
iouth  through  the  towniSiip,  and  divide* 
the  villages  of  Oxford  and  PaZrIunpea 
from  Bedfoid  village.  A  company  iMW 
incorporated  in   1796,  for  bnil^fng  a 
bridge  acrofs  this  river.  'From  the  head 
to  the  mouth  of  the  river  is  7  xk  8  milca^ 
Fairhaven  and  Bedford  villages,  are  » 
mile  i^art,  and  a  ferry  cen^antly  at. 
tended  is  ettaiiliftietl  between  them.  *  The 
harbour  'is  very  fafe,  in  ftncie  places 
1 7  or  I  &  feet  of  water  j  and  veflfelt  of  % 
or  400  tons  lie  at  the  wharves.    Its 
mouth  ifr  formed  by  Clark'*  Neck  on  thr 
W.  fide,  and  Scomicutt  Point  on  the 
other.    An  ifland  between  ttwfe  point* 
renders  the  entrance  narrow;  in  5  fa- 
thoms w*ter,     Higli  water  at  ftillMid 
cliange  of  the  moon  37  minutes  afttr  7 
o'clock.    Dartmouth  is  the  lafeft  place 
to  lie  at  with  an  eafterly  wind ;  btifat 
Ntw-Bedfbrd  you  will  lie  fafe  at  the 
wharves.   The  river  has  pkntyof  fmall 
fifli  and  a  fhort  way  from  ItR  mouth  they 
catch  cod,  bal's,  black  fifli,  iheep'S'  Ifiead, 
Sec.  The  damage  done  by  the  BritSrti  to 
this  towji  in  1778  amounted  to  the  value, 
^  /^97>ooo.    It  is  now  in  a  flouriftripg 
(late.    In  the  to«vn(hip  are  a  poft-oi)tiiee, 
a  printing  otfice,  3  meetings  tor  Friends, 
and  3  for  Congiegationalirts,  and  3313 
inhabitants.    The  expoits  to  the  differ- 
ent States  and  to  the  Well- Indies  for 
oneycar,enUirgi>cpi,  30,  J754.,araownt- 

ed 


iA^. 


ly 


,  ijf^  %»  by  Jt.of  PhUatlel|>hia« 

j«   MlirsM>>)*»  <»W!  of  the  safticrja  man- 

tj^ne  diftri^of  N»  C«rolia4»  bounded 

^»  M|d  $.  E<  by  t|ie  Atlantic,  S.  W.  by 

fjmaampva,  W*  by  Fayette,  N.  m. 

]lar  llUIjiboiVPgby  N.  by  Hallifax,  and 

MfM*  by Ed«ntondiftrift.     It  compre< 

itiodatmiCQuniffsof  Cartei-et,  Joses, 

Cn^en,  Bcauftrt,  Hyde,/Pitt,  Wayne, 

<6faK^«r,  Lenmr,  and  Johnftpn  i  and 

,  90^$i^  55>S4»  inbabitants,  including 

35,000  flavet. 

:  NXWVBRI*,  the  capital  of  .the  above 
liiftrift,  it  a  poft.town  and  port  of  entty, 
fiuatsd  in  Craven  co.  on  a  fiat,  iandy, 
point  of  land,  formed  by  the  confluence 
cf  the  rivers  Neus  on  the  N.  and  Trent 
■«n  the  fouth.  Oppoitte  to  the  town, 
^the  Neu«  18  abopit  a  mile  and  a  half,  and 
.^the  Trent  threetquarters  of  a  mite  wide. 
Kewbem  is  the  largefttowointhe  State, 
contuns  about  400  houfet,  all  built  of 
wood  except  the  pakce,  the  chiu-ch,  the 
glioi,  and  twp  dwelling-houfes,  which 
are  of  brick*  The  palace  was  erefled 
,  by  the  province  before  the  revolution, 
and  was  formerly  the  refidcnce  of  the 
governors.  It  is  lai'ge  and  elegant,  two 
iories  high,  with  two  wings  for  offices, 
a  little  advanced  in  front  towards  the 
town }  thefe  wings  are  coinieAed  with 
the  principal  building  by  a  circular  ar- 
cade. It  it  much  out  of  repair  {  and  tlie 
only  ufe  to  vrhich  this  once  handfome 
and  well  fumilhed  building  is  now  ap- 

SiUed,  is  for  Ichools.  One  of  the  halls 
t  ufed  for  a  fchool,  and  another  for  a 
dancing- room.  The  armt  of  the  king 
of  Great  Britain  ftili  appear  in  a  pedi- 
ment in  front  of  the  building.  The 
Epifcopalian  church  it  a  fmall  brick 
building  with  a  bell.  It  is  the  only 
boufe  for  public  worOiip  in  the  place. 
The  court  houfc  is  railed  on  brickaich- 
ct,  fo  as  to  render  the  lower  part  a  con- 
venient market  place ;  but  the  principal 
marketing  is  done  with  the  people  in 
their  canoes  and  boats  at  the  river  fide. 
Jn  September,  17  .- .  near  one  third  of 
this  town  was  (c.-i-i  ;i.;:d  I'/  fi;  *.  It 
canies  on  a  confidciil't'  :i.  ie  tr  he 
"Weft  Indies  and  thedif  stv  States  in 
tar,  pitch,  turpen'inr-  lurrber  corn,&-c. 
The  exports  in  f , ;..',  ...t.;.  n  iii  ;■.  c.),6  5 
dollars.  It  is  .^^j  iriiif  {intr  "-.atfii^h, 
W.  of  Edfiru;,!.  io-^  h'  )'•'.  by 
.of Wilmington.,  'JS  « t  pitcr:burgh 
io  Virginia,  and  ^oi  b     v%  vfVii'a- 


S9S. 
f.of^ 


NEW 

dclphia.    N.  lat.  35.  le.  W.  leaf. 

77.  *5' 

N«w-BuCAY,  a  jpravince  im  the  av. 
dience  of  Galjcia,  in  Oi|d-Mcxico  or 
New.Spain.  it  It  laid  to  b«  too  Jetg'jtg 
fix>m  E.  to  W.  and  xso  firoin  401th  to 
fouth.  It  iaa  well  Wintered  and  fertile 
country.  Many  of  the  inhabitantt  are 
rich,  not  only  in  corn,  cattle,  &c.  but 
r'fo  in  filver  minea,  and  fome  of  lead. 

New-Boston,  atownflitpUiHiUibo. 
rough  CO.  New-HampflitrCf,  abou!'  ?o 
m  Ics  wefterly  of  Portfrnoutb.  It  vvas 
incorptH^ted  in  1763,  and  coi!itai»s 
ISO 2  inhabitants. 

New*Braintree,  a  townOiip-  in 
Worcetter  co.  Maflachufetts,  confifting 
of  about  1 3,000  acresof  land,  taken  from 
Braintree,  Brookiield,  and  Hardwick, 
and  was  incorporated  in  1 7  5 1 .  It  con« 
tains  940  inhabitants,  mcftly  ftrmers, 
and  lies  19  miles  north- weft  of  Worccf- 
ter,  and  66  north-weftof  Bofton. 

New-Britain.  SetAmmcat  La- 
brador,  and  Britaiu  Nrw. 

Nzw-BRiTAiN,attown(hipinBuifk'« 
CO.  Pennlylvania. 

New  Brunswick,  in  the  State  of 
New- York  is  filuated  on  Palta  Kill, 
about  8  miles  S.  W.  of  New  Paltz,  and 
69  north- wefterly  of  New- York  city. 

New-Brunswick^,  in  Middlefexcb; 
New  Jerfey.     See  BruHJHuick, 

New-Bkunswick,  a  Britifli  pro- 
vince  in  N.  America,  the  north-weft 
part  of  Nova-Scotia  j  bounded  weft  by 
the  Diftri£l  of  Maine,  from  which  it  is 
ieparated  by  the  river  St.  Croix,  and  a 
line  drawn  due  north  from  its  fource  to 
the  Canada  line  ;  north  by  the  fouthern 
bovndaty  of  the  province  of  Lower  Ca- 
nada, until  it  touches  the  fca-ftiore  at 
the  weftern  extremity  of  Chaleur  Bay  \ 
then  following  the  various  windings  of 
the  fea-flioreto  the  Bayof  Verte,  in  the 
(iraits  of  Nprthumberland  \  on  the  S.  £. 
it  is  divided  from  Nova- Scotia  by  the 
feveral  windings  of  the  MifTiquaftt  river, 
from  its  confluence  with  B^au  Bafon  (at 
the  head  of  Chegnc£lo  channel)  to  its 
main  fource  $  and  from  thence  by  a  due 
e-Aik  line  to  the  Bay  of  Verte.  The  nor- 
thern fljores  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  con- 
ftitute  the  rrmaimler  of  the  fouthern 
bour.'.ary.  All  illands  included  in  the 
ibove  ViH'.ki  belong  to  this  proviiKf. 
According  to  Anowfttith's  map,  it  ex- 
tends frn  I  lat.  4.5.  7.  tc  47. 15.  N.  and 
from  lonj^.  64,  to  69. 50.W,  It  is  about 

a6o 


9iJ4» 

(laves. 

miles 
liHUffa 


in 


iUm\kt  longt  and  170  braid.  The 
chibf  towns  areSt.  John't,  at  the  mouth 
^thc  river  of  the  »me  name  { .  St.  An- 
ne**; the  tireftnt  Teat  of  government,  to 
ibH«i  upehe  river  { and  f  rederiekftewiitt 
afcwmillsabovc.St.Ann*<a*  Thr  chief 
riven  art  St.  Jokn't,  Merrimicbi,  Petite 
«)dhc»  Memraiscoolc,  Riltisouchrt  and 
Nipifiguit.  The;  coaft  of  tfiia  province 
it  incKBted  with  numeiout  oay«  and 
cqmmodieua  harbours }  the  chief  are 
Chaleury  Mcrrimichi,  Verte,  which  laft 
i>  feparated  from  the  Bay  of  Fundy  by 
a  narrow  ilthoius  of  about  18  miles 
wide)  Bay  ot  Fundy,  which  extends 
50  leagues  into  the  country  j  Chegnec- 
to  Bay,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy; 
Pafliunaauoddy  Bay,  bordering  upon 
the  Diftri&  of  Maine.  At  the  entrance 
«f  this  bay  is  an  ifland  granted  to  feve- 
ral  gentlemen  in  Liverj^ral,  in  Lanca- 
ihire,  who  named  it  Camuo  Bello. 
At  a  very  confiderable  expente  they  at- 
tempted to  form  a  fi^ttlement  here,  but 
failed.  On  feveral  other  iflands  in  this 
bay  there  are  fettlements  made  by  peo- 
ple from  Mafl'achufetts.  Here  are  nu- 
merous lakes,  as  yet  without  names. 
Grand  Lalte,  near  St.  John's  river,  is 
30  miles  long  and  8  or  10  broad;  and 
in  fome  places  40  fathoms  deep.  See 
Canada,  St.  Jtbn's  Hvir,  Sec. 

Nbwburoh,  a  townflup  in  UlRer 
CO.  New- York  hounded  eafterly  by  Hud- 
ibn's  river,  and  foutherly  by  New- 
Windfor,  and  contains  S365inhabitant8s 
of  whom  37  3  are  electors,  and  57  fla/cs. 
The  compaft  part  of  the  town  is  neatly 
built,  and  pleafantly  fituatcd  on  the 
weft  bank  of  the  Hudibn,  66  miles  north 
of  New.York,oppofiteFiih-Kill  Land- 
ing, 7  miles  from  Filh-Kill,  13  from 
Goihen,  and  14  fouth  from  Poughkeep- 
fie.  It  confifts  of  between  50  and  60 
houfes  and  a  Prelbyterian  church,  fitu- 
ated  on  a  gentle  afcent  from  the  river. 
The  country  northwaixi  is  well  cultivat- 
ed, and  affords  a  rich  profpeJl.  VelTcls 
of  confiderable  burden  may  load  and  un- 
load at  the  wharves,  and  a  number  of 
velTels  are  built  annually  at  thie  bufy 
and  thriving  place. 

Newbury,  a  county  of  Ninety-Six 
diftri£t,  S.  Carolina,  which  contains 
9,34a  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,144  are 
(laves.  Newbury  court-houfe  is  45 
miles  from  CoKiiubia,  and  31  from 
3d»ur^t  court-houfe. 


lIsWBi;iiY»  Btowifhtj^inYarkcB. 
Pemfylvania. 

MawBUBY,  tht  capital  of  OctMr 
CO.  Vtrmom,  pleafimtly  fituacadMUt 
weft  fide  of  ConneAicut  rivsr,  OMofilc 
to  Haverhill,  in  Grafton  co.  Ncw-Hihmi- 
fhirr,  and  horn  wrhich  it  la  ;  milrs  m^ 
taau  It  contains  abov;  50  houfeai  *■ 
gady  a  court-houfe,  rjid  a  handfiMBa 
chtirch  for  Congrega':ionalifls  with  a 
fteeple,  which  waa  t^ie  fbft  «reAedin 
Vermont.  The  eour^haufe  ftanda  oa 
an  eminence,  and  commands  a  plea^g 
profpe6k  of  what  i«  called  the  Great 
Oxbow  of  Connefticut  river,  where  ate 
the  rich  intervale  lands  called  the  Little 
Coos.  Here  a  remarkable  fpring  was 
difcovered,  about  so  years  fince,  which 
dries  up  once  in  two  or  three  years.  It 
has  a  ftrongfmell  of  fnlpluu-,  and  throw* 
up  continually  1  peculiar  kind  of  white 
fand :  and  a  thick  yellow  finim  rile* 
upon  the  water  when  fettled.  This  it 
the  more  noticeable  as  the  water  of  the 
ponds  and  rivers  in  Vermont  are  re- 
markably clear  and  ti'anfparent.  It  is 
130  miles  N.  £.  of  Bennington,  and 
41 7  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat,  44.  5.  Number  of  inhabitants 
873. 

Newbvry,  a  townfhipin  EfTexco. 
Maflfachufetts,  incorporated  in   163J:} 
iituated  on  the  fouthcrti  bank  of  Merri- 
mack river,  and  contains  3,972  iniiabit- 
ants.     It  formerly  included  Newbury. 
Port,  and  with  Merrimack  river  encir- 
cles it.     It  is  divided  mfo  five  parilhes, 
befides  a  focietV/of  Friends,  or  Q,uakert. 
Dummer  Academy,  in  this  townfliip,  is 
in  a  flourifhir.g  ftate  ^    it  was  founded 
by  Lieut.Gov.  Dummer  in  1 756,  open- 
ed in  1763,  and  incorporated  in  178*. 
The  inhabitants  are  principally  employ- 
ed in  hufbandry.     The  land,  particu- 
larly in  that  part  of  the  town  which  lies  . 
on  Merrimack  river,  and  is  here  called 
Neivburjf-Neivtoa,  is  of  a  fiiperior  qua- 
lity, under  the  belt  cultivation,  and  is 
faid  by  travellers  to  be  little  inferior  to 
the  moft  improved  parts  of  Great  Bri- 
tain.    Some  of  the  highlands  afford  a 
very  extenfive  and  variegated   view  of 
the  furrounrling  country,  the  rivers,  the 
bay,  and  the  fea  coaft  from  Cape  Ann 
to   York,    in  the   Dillnft  of  Maine„ 
Some  few  vefTels  a/e  here  owned  and  <un^ 
ployed  in  the  filhcry,  part  of  which  are 
fitted  out  from  Parker  river.    It  x'lif 
I  '  ^ 


3fZ, 


aMMSjjMdRt  Into'tiM  found  wMchlStpa- 
iWnfliliUlylflUMil  fhom  ilw  UMlirknd. 

•I  Wmfl^pMC  tUMRiWO  MIIM  iMin  tn 

wwii*  A  wmUmi  iflMMiftiAify  Ihm 
lMiiMklMM4«t«n  4tettnftve  fiak  in 
^fflill<|«M,  «n4pN«iUiM  to  fiiccMd. 
^ik\»  tamttUlf^h  tfiHiil  wkh  8«lif. 
4inFkyBft«Merr(nndt  bridge,  about 
'B  imIn  dbovt  il«avb«rf -Portt  b«iH  in 
•«79S.  At  theldtM  when  the  bridge 
k  «mAmI,  m  iflMid  dividet  the  river 
.fall*  two  brmchet  I  an  arch  of  t(o  ftet 
tdfcmnter,  4»  ftet  above  the  level  of  high 
sWRMTf  coMicA.1  thit  ifland  with  the  main 
•^  dM  opuofite  fide.  The  whole  lencth 
4if  the  bridge  !»  io)ofeet|  iti  breadth 
•f4|  it*  eooMMa  npwafdt  of  4ooo  tons 
:<if  timber.  The  two  large  arches  were 
«ewcMad  finm  i^  anoddinvaitad  bv  Mr. 
Tiaiothy  Palmar,  alh  ingenioin  bonTe. 
.wrlgbt  in  Newbvry.Port.  The  whole 
ia  executed  in  a  Ihrle  far  exceeding  any 
thihg  of  the  kind  hitherto  eflayed  in  this 
countrv,  andapt>eart  to  unite  eleeancet 
Unngtli  and  .fimfintTe.  The  day  before 
i  the  bridgeiwaaopened  &r  the  infpeftien 
lof  the  pnWle|r.a  Ihip  of  ijo  tone  pafled 
undei^ the gi'eat arch .  TherK hzL 
modioui  houf:  of  entertainment  at  the 
faridbe,.  which  is  the  refort  of  parties  of 
,  plcawre^  both  in  Axmmer  and  winter. 

NbwbvuY'Port,  a  port  of  entry, 
•and  poft'town  in  Etkx  co*  Maflkchu« 
Iktsi  pleafantly  fituated  on  the  S.  fidd 
eif  Merrimack  river,  about  3  miles  from 
the  (ea.  In  a  commercial  view  it  is 
next  in  rank  to  Salem.  It  eontaina 
.4837  inhabitants,  although  it  is,  per-' 
.  baps,  the  linalleft  townihip  in  tht  State, 
its  contents  not  exceeding  640  acre*. 
It  was  taken  from  Newbury,  and  incor- 
porated in  1764.  The  churches,  6  in 
number,  are  ornamented  with  ftceples } 
the  oth<a*  public  buildings  are  the  court* 
,  houfe,  giul,  a  bonk,  and  4  public  fchool- 
Imtfes.  To  the  honour  of  this  ^  town, 
there  art  in  it  10  public  fchoob,  and  3 
nrinting^oflkes.  Many  of  the  dwelling 
noufes  are  elegant.  Before  the  war  there 
were  many  mips  built  bete ;  but  tnai^ 
years  after  the  revolution,  the  bu/inefs 
was  on  the  declines  it  now  begins  to  re> 
vive.  The  Boftonand  Hancock  contt< 
nental  frigates,  were  built  here,  anj 
many  privateers  dui'ing  the  war.  The 
harfaiour  is  ftfe  and  capacious,  but  dif* 
ficuU'  to  enter.  See  Mtrrimack  Rit/er. 
I'he  Marine  Society  of  tiu;'    owu,  and 


In  it,  IM*  kamiMly 
iiUH»iial4bmllho#fte,  «ith»flMre 
^VhMimm*  fbmKM  with  fiMl 
mi  llbiffiiuiuMiimiiee,  lor  the  mtttf  of 

titt  •fhimaM  difHlled  in  Sc*buiy. 
Port,  there  iaaUb«brawfer|rt  «nd)»ccn* 
(idcrable  tradt  ia  eatvied  on  witH  the 
Weft-Indice  and  the  fouthem  8t^tc<. 
Somevefleh  are  cmplMed  inthtfinight- 
ing  bufinefs,  and  a  few  in  the  Mury. 
In  Nov.  1790,  then  were  owned  m  this 
port,  «ihip«i  4S  brigantines,  §9  {Utoon- 
ers,  and  at  -floops}  making  in  alK 
1 1  ,t74  tons.  The  experts  wr  a  year, 
ending  Sept.  so*  >794i  amounted  to 
36),3todMlars.  A  machine  for  cut- 
ting nails,  hat  beeii  lately  invented  by 
Mr.  JacobPerkins  cf  thts  town,  a  gen- 
tleman of  great  mechanical  genius,which 
will  tumout,if  neceflTary,  aoe,ooo  nails 
in  aday.  Newbui-y->Port  it  40 .  miles 
north-north-eaflof  Bofton^  ad[fouth-by. 
weft  of  Portfmoutb,  1 1  N.  of  Ipfwich, 
and  SS9  norrh-eaftoif  Philadelphia.  The 
harbour  has  10  fiithoms  water  t  l\igh 
water  at  full  and  change  1 5  minutes  af. 
ter  II  O'clock.  The  light-houfe  on 
Plumb* liUmd  lies  in  42.  47.  north  la- 
titude, and  in  70. 47.  weft- Ion tritude. 

Hmw  Calidonia,  the  qame  giv<:n 
by  the  Scotch  to  the  ill-fated  icttlement 
which  that  nation  formed  on^he  ifthmus 
of  Dartenv  and  on  the  fouth  weft  fi>1e  ef 
the  gulf  of  that  name.  It.ia  fituated 
eaftward  of  the  narroweftjnartiof  the 
itthmut,  which  is  between  Panama  and 
Porto  Bello,  and  lies  foutb-eaft  of 
the  latter  city.  The  fi^tlement  was 
formed  in  169!.    See  Darin* 

New.Camton,  a  fnull  town  lately 
eftabliflied  in  Buckingham  co.  Virginia, 
on  the  fbuth'fide  of  James'a  river,  70 
miles  above  Richmond.  It  contiiiis  a 
few  houfes,  and  a  ware-houlis  §ov  ir- 
fpefting  t<^acco. 

Ne,w -Carlisle.  See  BMavem- 
tnre, 

New-Castle,  the  moft  nrMihem 
countv  of  Delaware  State.  It  ik  about 
40  miles  in  length  and  «e  in  breadth, 
and  contains  19,686  inhabitants,  inclu- 
din?  ft,s6a  flaves.  Hei'e  are  a  imiff- 
ra ills,  a  flitting- mill, '4  paper  mills,  60 
for  grinding  different  kinds  of  graiM, 
and  feveial  hitiing-milts.  The  chief 
towns  of  this  county  are  Wilmington 
and  Now-Caftie.  Xbe  land  in  it  i&  wore 
broken  than  any  other  part  of  the  State. 

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ASTLtr  • 

ice  of  the 
on  the  weft  Gdt 
ibiln  Ibuth  of  Wilmington  tad, 
^VPhUadelpbia.    It  contaiAf 
honfet,   •  coiirNhottft 
urch  iar  Eptfcopaliana 
Preflbytwriant.    This  if  the 
Ml  Delaware  river,  havj 

3  the  Swede*,    ittiMt 
> called  ft  ^ckbclm^ 
lis  of  Sw«len. 
tiie  haitll  of  the  Oiltefii,  It 


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the  name  of  N^miMw^irdim 
||Bglifli,  when  they;  took  pol 


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kf  ike  country,  g*i|:  it  the  name 
l>-6r^4^.  It  war  lately  on  the 
\\  %nt  uow  begbif  io  flourifti. 
irel»  be  built,  w^ch  will  aflfonl 
^at  to  vrflels,  (Kiring  tiw  win. 
Thele,  when  oompleted, 
ifidembly  to  ka^attvitotagea, 
in^rporated  In  tS/a,  \iN  the  go- 
vernor of  |lew-.Y«r|^  aMLwaafofitiMiy 
years  .unditr  thf  m^gement  of  a  bailiff 
and  fik  anftanm^f^bt.  f*.  $8. 

Nji|y«SASTLE,  a  tbwnfliip  in  Weft. 
Cheftiir  CO.  New. York,  taken  from 
NortlpCaflle  i4i79i>  and  incorporated. 
In  i7i(»  P^'^  w(^>^  ^Si  of  tne  inhabit- 
ants  «alaed  cleflors. 

Ni^.^ASTLB,  a  rni|Mli#ji»  in  the 
countir  of  Rockinghamf  New-HRmpI^ 
(hire,9  neglrs  diftant  from  Portrmottto, 
tvas  ii|:or perated  in  1693,  ^"(^  contains 
534.  ittafaikants. 

Ni^.Castle,  a  fmall  poft-town  in 
LIrcomi  c|.  Dtftri6t  of  A|^ine,  fituated 
hetwcfn  Jiumarifcotta  aaeLskungut  ri- 
vers. ■  It  is  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Wif- 
caflet466  N.  £.  Q^  Portland*  and  19a 
M.bylE^of  Boifton.  Tlie  townOiip 
a>nta|is  l|6  inhabitants.  \  \ 
NBiir -Castle,  a  poft-town  of  Hano. 
vercof  Viezinia,  fituated  at  the  mouth 
of  Aflequll  creek,  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of 
Pamulky  jiver,  and  contains  about  ^(J 


OAf  •  town  of  < 
iM«Hli< 
MWAyl    •  noiiiiii  H 
NcwwtlHi)  lMNiiicdfiar« 


and  .M7%UlflcrMiudetAtflvliyHMdU 

^'  ^  roa*s  river  Miiil  llMMtnrar.    miuikSm 

4»sis  ialMbit)||m  uKldtveof  i^tMPH. 

teffwiiiif  %  GcMii*. 

MF|#4>ujili  aM»  in  Stnlbt^  coini^ 
New-Harapfliire,  Iks  on  the  Mftfanft 
of  Win.jeniflcogs  Lalce.  wift  of  liitortyt 
Meeting  Bay,  nearly  40  milca  tt^bw 
weft  of  Portflnouth.  IiMorpofMM|  In 
176*,  having  554  inlubitants.       * 

Nbw-Edi Ni^uROli,  a  new  AttloiM* 
in  Nova-Acotia. 


NKWBNHAM,Ca^,is  thentMi|imt 
oTBriftol  Bay,  on  the  north  wA  q|it 


AUakmgtlitdMift 
IT  to  uw  aorlk- 


of  North- America* 

the  flood  tide  fets  ftrongly 

weft,  and  it  is  high  water  aboot 

on  full  and  change  days.    N*  bt.  jl* 

41.  W.  long.  16a.  s4. 

NEW'ENGLAND,forNoRX^iliS 
or  Eastbiin  States)  list  ba<&ui:»B,; 
and  about  48  N.  \0k..  and  l»k*«M»|^ 
5U  amhf4. 1.  W.  longitnd«iAliteini|i 
north  by  Lower- Canada)   MRbyjANIs 

f>rovince  of  New.&Fttnfwick  and  ttt  Jhlh' 
antic  Ocean )  fbuth  by  the ioBM  omin;!) 
and  Long.  Iflandl  Sound  I  w«ft  by  tb» 
State  of  (few.  York.    It  lies  in  the  fitr% 
of  a  quarter  of  t  circle.    Its  w^  ^It^ 
beg|inning  at  the  mouth  of  ByiamriiM||| 
which  empties  intoLoBg-Iflmd  SoymLil^ 
the  fouth-weft  comer  ot  CoonefticM|,|M^| 
41.  nms  settle  E.  of  N.  until  itfti^ 
the  1.5th  degree  of  latitude ;    aqd  ^m 
.-curves  to  the  eaftward  almoft  to  the  Giun 
of  St.  Lawrence.    This  gr^ad  divifien 
of  the  United  States  comprehends  die 
Statci .  ,gf .  Fermosa,   Ntw-Hmmbfiirr, 


houfe^    It  is  54  miles  N.  W.  of  WiW  M^iuU^ettSt  (iaduding  the  DJMa^ 
liamflirg,  *4N.E.«fRichraond,aad    "^     '    "*^   '^^'^^  '  "  »   -  -- 
a97  fifm  Philim3|thia.  i 

N£|y.Q|l£iTSkVa  townftiip  iiC  Graf, 
ton  c4  New-^H8|kip(hire,  fituated  fsithf 
Wo  fide  of  l^b»w»iret  river.  It  wail 
iwcor|^ti(^ii^l|f>t»  and  conmnasta 
uihabUantf.  It  Isibouti)  imps  be* 
low  t«  tovgpkjQtpj^riioath.  r*  ; 

Nsw.(}oilco«9«   fcrmerly  can«| 


MptfJ  Rbadt'^luSii  ami  PrroUbm* 
FlaMtt^nttvACmm^da.  New-En^ 
land  hal  a  very  heftlthfiil  eMmate.  It  i* 
l^pptftl  iltM-abvntone  w  ftftn  ^ifat 
^mfhifritsHve  to  tne  age  i^F  yoycars  | 
«nd  abnut  oMin  tbirtem  or  foartMi^ 
80  and  upwards.  Nordi-weft,  wtft  md 
fiia«hMiiffe>flrbkl«  are  the  moft|(«i!«|«it. 
Eaft  and  n«th-eafl;  yMnds,wbioire  w^ 


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WEBSTER, NY.  HSSO 

(716)  873-4503 


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inUilipii  M^i«Uv  ill  _^ 

SM|i»^rMl  mocf  s«>  duin  4|^ 

iofiito  fllMihcKiTtlRrainiMtdqri  «fc 

■iiJiiiii.-lt  (nmjfi^^dlf^  Thettif. 
MffI  n^  'MwrikiR  iniJfMu&iglaiidr 

fevein*  .{Mlinoaar/  «aalbnio(ii%  »ri%<> 
Ir^tt^^M^WMtTm.  AkiifMieHias 
MrfbvMb  tku  ^<*  ia  other  «ow!itries» 
iqiMitedkridiMl  acterliiiff  to  their  vvoilth 
w  iarifoMi^t  tntotbVMciafletf  thc'opu" 
hMtji^  mUdlingf  and  the  poor}  the 
idleflefs,  ltixuriei»y  ^Mi4  dcbauchd-iea  of 
«lw4Mb^  ind  the  mltetfi  and  tflK>fi«. 
toiNpt  intemperance  of  tba  Mk  de(bo)r 
ORiiraimr  proportion  of  theft  t«K>. 
#l*iiti«rmedla» daft  ia  hiblow  tKofc 
Midtlyiicfca 'Which  prore  fatal  to  the 
iMt^  «Mlalio¥e  thofi^rufferingt  to  which 
«h»uniMftttnate  poor  fM  TiStms  t  thi» 
fa^fdbre  the  fttppieft  divifion  of  the 
thiee.  Ofthc  richand)iDort  theAme- 
ikMIMMibUe  fumifltca  a  much  finaller 
yuMiWltiniiihaattny  other  difoia  of  the 
hmmimMJ  In  .QbmKaieot,  p»rti. 
dMiflf^  tbv^Miribiitidn  of  weahh  and 
|l»««w<mitanta»  boMirecqaarthan  ^. 
wlMre^  Md  thMtforc*  at  far  at  excefiit 
«r^iMM  of  WHdtb*  may  prove  deftrac- 
lH>*  or  JTahimry  to  life,  tlw  inhabitants 
if  iMt  State  may  plead  exemption  fipom 
"'  ifte.**  Whatthii  writer,  I)r.Foulke, 
f«f  GevnelMcvt  in  articular,  will, 
i>i*«fyfi(w«tcepla«B<V  apply  to  New- 

tiigtanditahSgh,  hUlyt  and  in 
■ilplMtatnoinMaiiw  Mscountry,  fbrm 


W0I  ^pipid'  off^li^ir  Mtora 
tht^iWidlrii>ntj;»  hiiMawdmtM,  h  _ 
Jwitof  Auit  tUbmu  lypeaia Jb 
dnhaadait  cxtcnfive  mcadowUf  c 
iMi  largilwrdtof Jheep  andiAt  c^le, 
and  ridt  ficida  of  §9%^  com,  aii  the  vai* 
riwit  Jdndt  of  grain.    Tfaele  iJilUp  wm , 
tdt'irarioua  breadtht  fiwn  tira>«o  tdbnty- 
|«iiUee%^4ind  bytheanmialiriuii^iaiiMof 
tierivera  puid  fmallcr  fhmig^  ^icU 
iaMlhrough  them,  ther#ia  ^^yntly 
ai  acenmulatim  oft  rich,  fa#iU|  left 
upon  thefwfitee  when  the  watcM  litife. 
Theprincipal  riven  in.  Ke«M£iMand 
aw  Penobftot,  Kenncbedi,  Aiidi^wg> 
gin>orAmarirc(^gin,Saco,MerriflBaclc, 
Conneaicutk  Houfatonic,  Otter  Qnek, 
and  Onion  riven;  befides  many  ftnllcr 
ones.    Mew-Eaeland,  nneFally  ^k- 
ii^,  it  better  adapted  for  gr  ting  than: 
fer  grain,  thoogh.  a  rufficicn^quantity 
;of  tike  latter,  it  raiftd  fior  homeconfiinp.^^ 
tion<  if  we  ««ept  vilmt,  wUch  it  im* 
ported  in  confidttdlHs  oiiancilUi  fiony 
the  middle  aniibtttlMikiSiateer  fodia» 
com,   rve,  oatt»  barley,  bo|iK.«iheat, 
flax,  and  hemp,  generally  fueccedtveiy 
well.    Applet  are  cimunMB,  andnnge. 
neral  plenty  in  Mcw.Englaad|^  m^  cy- 
der conftitutes  the  principa^4ri(|k  of 
the  inhabilMlK.    Peaches  do  teb^rive 
lb  well  as  formerly.    The  other  com- 
mon fhiitt  are  more  or  lefs  cultivated  in 
diftrent  parts.    The  high  and  rocky 
ground  is  in  many  parts  covired-with 
clover,  and  generally  affords  dhe  heft  of 
pafturej  and  here  are  raifed  ibme  of  the 
fiaeft  cattle  in^  the  world.    "Thk  quan- 
tity of  butter  and  cheefe  made  for  ex- 
portation it  very  great.     Confiderable 
attention  hat  lately  been  paid  to  the 
raifing  of  iheep.    Thit  is  the  meA  po- 


(MP'fM^  independent  republicans. 
Tin  DMNintabic  are  eoenpauativety  rmal). 
miiia^  north  -and Tovth  in  ridges 
!  t»  mh  otlMr.  Between  theie 
'fiiBW  tl*jMit  rivere  in  inajeMe 
!irt»redlm«lgthein»uinerabie  ri- 
HHlcIt  and  Mtfjiferftreams'  viMch  proceed 
IhiftK  th«^^l^llMlltaint4lll  eatk^de.  •IHni' 
•i  IbcfiHtor  off  the  tflo  of  a  neiffhbouring 
fWftwfiMkfH  ttetriieCMttiictttlte  ridget, 
v^ileii  aJateof  nlurc^  exhibit  a  ro- 
naomctppenrance*  Hwyliwmifiisecia 
Bfii»^<aii  lulled  «id  deprcAM  in  ha 


t^iMtuictobe  inhabited  by  a  hardy^  polout  dif  tfion  of  the  United  States. 

^  .i.  ,ri^    i_j 1 —  — ..Lf —     Yt  contained,  acco;-ding  to  thecenfus  of 

'790*  1,009,511  fouli.  Ifhe  great 
body  of  theie  are  landhoklert  ind  culti  • 
tvatort  of  the  ibil.  As  theynoflUt,  iii 
fee  fimple,  the  famftt  which  tnef  titi- 
vate, they  are  nttunitty  attached  to 
their  eonntry }  the  cultivation  of  the  foil 
jiMketthem  robuft  and  healthy,  and 
enablei  tliem  to  dcfiind  it.  New^Eng- 
land  may,  with  pr^utey,%ie  cdled  a 
nuiieniof  men,  whence  are  ani|ually 
tranrplanted,  into  other  oartt  of  the 
United  States,  thou&itdtofitt  natWet. 

Vaft 


licit 


^$!kwnibm^thm»  fiace  tlie  wpr, 
kMWtnkfrattd  into  the  norlkan  Mctt 
vfVlmM^Kib,  iiit0Kenta«iqr«|)^ 
WciBcp^vTtrrittNyr  tad  iiito  Gvufia* 
aiid  iboM  an  fcitttercd  into  evwy  Stats 
wd0my  tomo  of  note  in  the  Union. 

TkcantobitinttofNesv-Englamfl  atCi 
almoi  «»iverfiiUy,of  Engiiflidcfcenti 
ni  h  it  owing  to  this  ciccuni^ancei 
i^  IP  the  gnMt  and  genoral  attention 
tbaljuw  haen  paid  to  educatioot  that 
the  SagUfli  laoguMa  haa  bieen  prefiav- 
•d  iftont  than  G>  tnt  firom  corruption. 


Leaniiif  ia  iKffufed  more  «niver£iUrt 
among  M  ranka  of  people  here*  than  in 
any  otiier  partof  the  glohe }  arifing  6rom 
the  alneAmt  eftaUi(mncnt  of  fchoola  in 
almoft  tvarjr  townfliip»  ^and  the  extenfivc 
circttlatiMi  of  newfpapert.  The  iirft  at. 
tcn^  to  form  a  regular  fettlement  in 
thiacouatryt  iwa*  at  Sagadahock,  in 
x6o7r  but  the  year  after,  the  yth<At 
|iufl4ier-«ho  furvived  the  wintn-f  re- 
turned to  Bng^nd.  The  ficft  compai^ 
that  laid  the  feundatiw  of  the  New> 
En^anl  States*  t  planted  themfdvta  at 
Plymoutiii  November,  i6«o.  The 
ibundert  of  the  colony  coniifted  of  but 
loi  ^Is*  In  1640,  the  importation  of 
fettlen  ceaftd.  Perfecution,  (the  mo. 
tive  which  had  led  to  tranfportation  to 
America)  was,  over,  bv  toe  change  of 
aifain  in  England.  At  this  time  tlie 
number  of  paflengers  who  had  come 
overi^  in  %9%  veflew,  from  the  begin, 
ning  of  tbecolony»Affloanted  to  »i,«oo 
men,  women  and  children;  perhaps 
about  4,000  families.  In  1760,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  in  Mafl'qchufetts 
Bay,  New-Hampfliire,  Connefticut,  and 
Rhode  ifland,  amounted,  probably,  to 
half  a  miUioiu 

Nsw-PAiRPiBbD,  thenorth.weftem- 
anoft  townihip  in  Fairfield  co..  ConncAi* 
cut. 

Niw.Famb,  »hechief  town  of  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  is  lituated  on  Weft 
river,  a  little  to  the  north-weft  of  Brat- 
tleborough.    It  has  660  inhabitants. 

KawrOWDLAND^iu/,  on  th«!  eaA 
fide  of  the  gulf  of  St.  LawreiKe,  is  fe- 
parated  from  the  «a^  of  Labrador  on 
the  north  by  the  Straits  of  Beliile,  which 
is  about  II  miles  wide.  It  is  fuuatcd 
betWeenlat.  46.45.  and  51.46.  N.  and 
between  long.  5a.  }i>  and  59.  40.  W. 
from  Greenwich  {  being  stimiks  lone, 
aad  from  40.KI  sSy  milei  broad.    The 


leapWiip^id^nmHEN^ 

Hmg  coatiii|Md.9nd4bnte»  ai^tliej 

mmr.  hcac».  thoifi^  fioM»t»  yaw  ., 

wfatnned  by  fioMtal  tfii4.iti%mh;'i 
muy  Urge  iiid  Mpd  kf^m. 
MlamJI,  «dietteioir^  9^uie|iMN»< 
to  fid  of  tfialWt  qmvwimtlOjiKijL 
tion  (which  onilieleafepaft  ae^^ipa,! 
beat  no  very  lemotejp^rioA  ^  >M 
will  a^M  a  ^m\fttpfyiufi^,pmm 
yarda,  and  aM  forfs  of  Imlmm 
W.  India  tr^.  Bwt  ni|uitatjfi(«.,.,„ 
ttjschi<^y  vflnaMe  fm,  u^gepi 
lUhery  of  cod,cai;irt«d  op  flMB  ^lH/fiHf 
(hoa!s,  which  ane  called  O^t  ^asiu^M 
Newtounaiand.  pirfft  Britail^fftJ  |1^ 
U.$tates,  at  the  low^ft  cmomitat^,^  pf^ 
nual^r  employ  3000  m  tqf  ta^H^rOfm 
mthisAmery)  op  b(«fd  of  whtcli»  t|iif 
on  iboretocuie  avd  f^w^ the ilS^t.ap 

upwards  of  100,000,  1vua4*<  ^thatWff 
fifliery  is  not  only  a  very  valuable  bra|j^ 
of  trade  to  the  merchant,  but  .a  fpinrca 
of  livelihood  to  nvwy  thoulanda  oi^imir 
people,  and  a  moft  excellent  mirlcfyt^ 
the  loyal  navy.  This  filhery  is  coo^kj^ 
ed  to  increaie.the  naticmal  ftock  300,000^ 
a  year  in  gold  and  filver,  renqitted.^ 
the  cod  fold  in  the  north,  jo  Spjiin*  ^ 
tvgal,  Italy,  apd  the  J^evaat* 
plenty  of  cod,  both  on  the  great! 
and  the  lefler  ones,  which  lie  to  t^Mt^ 
andS.E.  of  this  illand,  is  inconieeivim{i 
and  not  only  cod,  but  feyeral  other^- 
cies  of  fifh,  are  <;aught  tltere  .im^sgOBd^ 
ance }  all  of  which  arenearly  in  ai^  ,cqi|f|i 
l^enty  aloi^  thei(hores  of  Hew^(>und|afMU 
Nova-Scotia,  New>£ngland,  apd  the  ijli 
of  Cape  Breton;  apo  very  proiitab|^ 
fifberies  are  carried  on  up^a  all  tbfif 
coafts. 

This  ifland,  after  various  .diQi^ttf 
about  the  property,  was  entirely  cc(^ 
to  England  by  the  treaty  of  U(recht,,^ 
1713;  but  the  French  were  lctt4it  U)^- 
ty  to  dry  their  nets  on  the  nortl^^ 
/bores  of  the  iftand ;  apd  by  the  tro^ 
of  1769,  they  were  permitT^  to  0iifk 
the  guif  of  St.  Lawrence,  .but  wiiKthm 
limitation,  thatt^ejDi^HiaiPM^pRt^ 


%^ 


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H 


-  r  t- 


Bill  tb  "tiipna.  ■  Tht  fmaU 

fMftalated  to  ereft  no  fcfti(h»ltioni  on 
Ihf^lflarids,  nor  t&  jutp-morfr'^lian '  50 
ttMM'tb  enf^  Bjrdhe 

MNipi^ty  3f  p§ic«^  ^  Frencli  are  to 
wi99fm  fUlieri^  «ihtfi#Mrih^andOnthe 
M^^eHltt  of  tlie  iflaiii!)  ahd  the  inha 
IMft'brtiieUnlteil  StM««  are  allowed 
«M  W'lfrlTiiitei  in  liflilhg,  at  before 
immma^i  The  chkf  towns 
Mm^ndlMid  at«,  Placentia,  Bona- 
mm'Wi''ft^'  Jbhn^a I  ^t  not  above 
fvH^  ftmttin  rdtfiiili  here  in  winter, 
j^lffii^  r^itlUlron  (if>en  Of  war  are  ftiit 
IM^I^'Mgr  tp^jlMreteft  the  fifflieries 
ilM'1lMibu|Uit>i  the  adnffaral  of  which, 
IW^(rt!mfe'being,ta  governor  of  the 
|i|iiy,1^deaii^ni>  there  i<  a  lien- 
lirilp^|Ovcrnor,  whorefidet  at  Placen- 
^,  lUtjtSt  Oreat  Britain  emploved 
lathe  Newfeundfamd  fifliery*  191  nifh. 
%»  (hipa,  and  5S  c(^V^y  ifiipt,  whofe 
toraiage  togethd-  amdiinted  to  41,990. 
The  fimie  yeari  they  carried  to  fb- 
fi^lpi' iturketa  591*176  quintals  of 
tfib. 

-  -Veffela  lie  in  the  bays  and  harbours 
ofiMs  iiland  fai  perfea  ftcurity,  being 
liwdl  iheitered,  except  at  the  entrance, 
Ihf  Ihe  mountains  {  and  ibme  of  them 
^the  whole  circuit  of  the  id^nd  being  full 
of  them)  are  a  league  or  two  leagues  In 
lenfth,  and  near  half  a  league  in  breadth, 
thto  which  feveral  rivers  and  brooks  of 
^litcellent  water  come  from  the  adjacent 
ntotmtains.  Thcfe  art  alfo  contiguous 
46  etch  odief,  being  fepamted  ufually 
iMily  by  a  point  of  land,  feldom  exceed- 
ii^^two  leagues  in  breadth.  But  the 
to^nt  and  villages  are  only  on  the  lar« 
|^in4  iftore  commodious  bays.  The 
^tod  iir^  nfbally  found  to  be  moft  a'jun<. 
iilMit  where  the  bottom  Is  Tandy,  and  the 
ieift  mimerons  where  it  is  muddy,  and 
tlMi'  bcil  depth  is  alfo  between  30  and 
^efiithoms.  When  a  (hip  has  taken 
her  ftation,  Ihe  is  immediately  unrigged, 
and  a  proper  place  feleAed  for  curing 
end  freuring  the  fifh,  and.  hilts  erefted 
*1(M>  the  men  who  work  afhorcf  a  large 
^Ibliifbtd  is  alfo  ereftcd  at  the  water*s 
ted^*  .where  the  number  of  fhallops 
>«t^nediorthe  fifhery  is  got  ready-,  mid 
alio  fecvred  after  the  feafon  is  oWr,  till 
tile  foitowing  fummer.    Ships  firft  en- 


i 

teHng  tnyhay,  Imv*  thi  Jirivilegr  of 
applying  thefe  to  thtir  Wn  uft.  Th« 
iSaibr  ^nrriveafMI  in  th^rfhn  in 
each  of  the  numerooa  harbotirsi  i|  for 
that  yctr  flyled  trrd  of  th«  Harbonr; 
who  alfo  fettlc»dif(MllM  among  tliefi^^ 
ermen.  We  fhall  not  detail  the  mode 
of 'managiii)^  and  caring  the  fifli,  which 
iapurfu^  with  much  perlbvering labour} 
we  fhall  only  add,  that  the  Great  Bank 
of  Newfoundland,  which  may  ftviperlf 
be  deemed  a  vafl  mountain  under  #ater, 
is  not  lefs  than  330  miles  in  lengthy  and 
about  75  in  breadth.  The  cfepth  of 
water  upon  It  varies  from  15  to  69  fa> 
thorns,  and  the  bottom  is  covered  ^rith 
a  vafl  quantity  of  Ihells,  and  frequented 
hy  vaft  fhoal?  of  fmall  fifh,  mofl  of  which 
ferve  as  food  to  the  cod,  that  are  incon-' 
ceivably  numerous  and  voraeiouk.'  It  ia 
a  faA,.in  proof  the  plenty  of  cod  here; 
that  though  {o  many  hundred  vefTels, 
have  been  annually  loaded  with  them, 
for  two  centuries  pafl,  yet  the  prodigi. 
ous  confumption  lias  not  yet  leffened 
their  plenty.  The  number  of  fowls 
called  penguins,  are  certain  marks  for 
the  bank,  and  are,  never  found  off  it  j 
thefe  are  fometimes  feen  in  flocks,  but 
more  ufiially  in  pairs.  The  fifhery  on 
the  banks  of  Newfoundland,  may  be 
juftly  efleemed  a  mine  of  greater  value 
than  any  of  thofe  in  Mexico  or  Peru. 
The  French  ufed  to  empk>y  hi  this  fifh- 
ery  %6^  fhips,  tonnage  a7,439)  and 
9,403  men.  Total  value  ^S7o,poo 
fterling. 

New-Garden,  atownfhipinChef* 
ter  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

New-Garden,  a  fettlement  of  the 
Friends  in  Guildtbrd  co.  N.  Carolina. 

New-Geneva,  a  fettlement  in  Fay- 
ette CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Nkw-Germamtown,  a  poll-town 
of  New-Jerfey,  iitnated  in  Hunterdon  co. 
It  is  aS  niies- north-weft  of  Brunlwick, 
47  north  by  eaft  of  Trenton,  and  77 
north  eaft  by  north  of  Philadelpliia. 

New-Gloucbstrr,  a  fmall  poft- 
town  in  Giimberland  co.  J3iftrin.  of 
Maine,  17  miles  northerly  of  Portland, 
and  146  north  of  Bofton.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1774,  and  contains  1355 
inhabitants. 

NBW*GoTTiNt»Bil,  BtownefGeor- ' 
'a,  fituated  in  Burke  co.   on  the  weft 

nk  of  Stvannih  Hver,  about  a  8  miles 
eaft  of  Wayaeftioraui^t  -and  35  north- 
wcflofBbenMer. 

Nbw- 


NEW 

Niw*Or*iiada»  «  pravineefai tin 
foatiwrn  divifion  of  Terra  FiniM*  8. 
Amtfica,  whole  chief  town  U  Santa 
FedaBagota*    SteCibtia. 

Niw-OaANTHAMk  a  townfli)]^  in 
Cliefhire  cb.  New-Hamplhire)  wm  in> 
corporatfd  in  t7<>ii  uxi  contains  33) 
inhabitants,  and  is  about  i  smiles  Ibuth- 
call  of  Dartmouth  college. 

NEW.HMIPSHIKE.  one  of  th« 
United  States  of  America,  is  fituatcd 
between  laj.  4.*.  41.  and  45.  1 1<  north, 
and  between  70.  40.  and  7s.  at.  well 
lon|.  from  Gi-eenwich  I  bounded  north 
by  Lower  Canada}  eaft  by  the  DiftriQ 
of  Maine  {  fbuth  by  MaflachmettB,  and 
weft  by  Connefticut  river,  which  iepa- 
rates  it  from  Vermont.  Its  fliape  is 
nearly  that  of  a  right  angled  triangle. 
The  Diftria  of  Maine  and  the  fen  its  »g, 
the  line  of  MaflTachufetts  its  peraendicv* 
lar,  and  Connefticut  river  its  hypothe- 
nufe.  tt  contains  9,491  fquare  milee, 
or  6,o74,x40  acres }  of  which  at  leaft 
100,000  acres  are  water.  Its  loigth  is 
168  miles }  its  greateft  breadth  90;  and 
its  leaft  breadth  19  miles* 

Tins  State  is  divided  into  $  counties, 
viz.  Kockingham,  Stiaftbrd,  Chelhire^ 
liHilboroutrhi  and  Grafton.  The  chief 
towns  af^Portfmouth,  Exeter,  Concord, 
Dover,  Amherft,  Keen,  Charleftown, 
Plymouth,  and  Haverhill.  Moft  of  the 
townfiiips  are  6  miles  fquare,  and  the 
whole  number  of  townlhips  and  loca- 
tions is  ai4;  containing  141,985  ,per- 
font,  including  I  s8  flaves.  In  1 767, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  eftimated 
at  5X,700.  This  State  hat  but  about  1 8 
miles  of  fea-.coaft,  at  its  fouth-eaft  cor^ 
ner.  In  this  dtftance  there  are  feveral 
covet  for  filhing  veflels,  but  the  only 
harbour  for  ihips  is  the  entrance  of  Pif 
cauqua  liveri  the  (ho^es  of  which  are 
rocky.  The  Qiore  is  mpftly  a  fandy 
beacn,  adl^iningto  which  are  fait  marih- 
es,  interfefted  by  creeks,'which  produce 
eood  paftnre  for  cattle  and  fheep.  The 
intervale  landf  .on  the  margin  of  the 
great  rivera  are  the  moft  valuable,  be- 
cauft  tliey  are  overflowed  and  enriched 
by  the  water  from  the  uplands  which 
brings  a  fat  ilime  or  kdimimt.  On 
Counefticut  river  thefe  lands  are  frpm 
a  quarter  of  a  mjle  to  amUeluid  anha!f. 
on  each  fide»  and  produce  corn*  gnuni 
and  grafs>  cfpecially  wheat)  in  greater 
abundance  and  peife£Uon  than  the  fSime 
kind  of  foil  does  in  the  Ufherludi. 


If  ETW 


The  w!d»1]Miiltii|M 

warm  ind  fidi  f  rftky^mcMI 
counted  good  for|NifhN«f  ^Hiinedl 
have  a  dMpinitlfewlMI'VaMl^i 
between  theWUs  an  |(^aerally'vl 
duAivc.    Ag*i<oltwelsthe«" 
pationof  theinhabitams|-  bedLMfHy^ 
mutton,  pmiltry,  tsilieitt  ly^  AdiiiK 
com,  barley,  pa«fc,  iMitiflrk  cne^r 
efculent  roots  and  f»lantfe,>  Any  ' 
&c.  are  articles  wmchvii^akMya^ 
a  market,  and  ara  ridfcd  in-' 
quantities  in  New^Hamyrfhlitf  bothlbv 


hufl>andman  thinks  Ma  ftraa  comnMi 
without  an  ofchard.  Tice  fivii  el iMf 
firft  quality,'cannot  be  ndfU  ,i»  fiicb  ll 
northern  cUmatr  tathis^  without  pwti«t 
cular  attention.  New- York  Mew-Jcr* 
fey  and  Pennfylvai^  havie  it  in^perwa^ 
tion.  Aayoo  depait  fivmthM  tnSki 
eitbtr  fouiwward  orinMthward>  it^k|o« 
nerates.  The  nneltivatcd  lands  «ii 
covered  with  cxtcnfive  Ibrtfte  of  ^ine» 
lir^  cedar,  oak,  wabiut,  Ire.  For  eliaMU^ 
diieafes,  ttc.  fee  N0W  Et^Umd^ 

Several  kinds  of  eartiM  and  ciinra  an* 
found  in  this  State,  chiefly  in  Elvetcr, 
New.Market,  Durham,  and  Dover* 
Marie  ahi^nds  in  l^eral  placca,  bet  ii 
little  ufed.  Red  and  yellow  ochres  are 
found  in  Somerfworth,  Cheflerfieldy 
R  indge,  and  jaffray .  Steatites,  or  iotp 
rock,  isfbondinOrferd.  The  baft  lapia 
fpecularis,  a  kind  of  talc,  commonly 
called  ifmg-glafs,  L  found  in  Grafton 
and  other  parts.  Cryftals  have  hem 
difcovered  at  Northweod,  Rindge,  an4 
Conway }  allum,  at  Barrington,  Orfvwd* 
and  Jaffray }  vitriol,  at  Jalfray,  Bren^ 
wood,  and  Rindge,  generally  found  comK* 
bined  in  the  fame  ftone  with  fulphur. 
Free-ftone  fit  fw  building  is  found  in 
Orford }  alfo  a  grey  flone  fit  for  mill* 
Aoncs.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  many  plai- 
ces} blark  lead  in  Jaffiray,  and  fonw 
lead  and  copper  ore  has  been  feen  }  but 
'iron  is  the  only  ihetal  which  has  been 
wrought  to  any  advantage. 

New-Hampinire  is  interftCted  by  fif^ 
ral  ranges  of  mountains.  The  firft  ridgfb 
by  the  name  of  the  Blue  Hills,  paftea  thccK 
Rochefter,  Barrington  and  Nottii4;fann» 
and  the  feveical  fummits  are  diftingii|fli> 
ed  by' different  names.  Behind  thirft 
are  feveral'  higher  detached  monntains. 
Farther  back  the  iMuatHiM  rife  ftill 

111  higher. 


;■■ ' 


n 


^to 


I 


ittw 

ri  KjarflnM  am  4lit 
mdk  U  tht  l0kf 
tht  bfuwhei  M 
MfmnMck  riven*  dt^ 
theJySnMr^LMtf.  'Indii* 
i»  ths  cd^lwvicd  MowwlBocfc 
tMlty  Itoilu  north  of  which 
k  JMioaMi  fpd  #•  iMkt  filirthar  ii 
IfaeAliUlo*,  called  tifo  Moodwioek 
JMWnUihi^t  The  ridgi  U  then  conttnti- 
#MtdMrJ]^,  divUingthe  waters  of  the 
tHiir  Con»aaicm.ftwa  thofe  of  Saco, 
dad  AanarifcoMin.  Here  the  mouo- 
UriM  rife  a»ch^  higher,  and  the  moft 
tlrvMad  luamita.in  diil  range*  are  the 
nOdte  MamiaiiMt.  The  hmda  W.  of 
tMalaft'iBlntioMd  nmge  of  mountains, 
Wdiruig  on  OowteAicut  river,  are  in. 
taHjicrlfd  #ith  cMMive  meadowa,  rich 
aid  wdt  watend.  Offiipy  Mountain 
Ola  adjoining  ^  town  ot  Motikonbo- 
vMq^  «» the  N»  B.  la  this  town  it  i« 
«Utfnd|  that  in  «  N  E.  dorm  the  w^nd 
IWs  over  the  nicuiitain,  like  vraterover 
»  dam  {  and  with  inch  force,  as  fire- 
fftttfUif  to  tnroof  holifes.  People  who 
live  vtat  theft  mountains,  by  noticing 
t|w  various  movements  of  attrafted  va- 
poMva,  cab  Arm  a  pr^ijr  accurate  judg- 
mat  ti  the  weather }  and  they  hence 
iyle  thde  jtwrntains  their  Almanack. 
|f  a  dOud  ia  attrafted  Ir^  a  mountain, 
ahd  hovers  on  its  top,  they  )>redift  rain ; 
^ukrft  after  rain,  the  mountain  conti- 
nws  capped,  they  expeft  a  repetition  of 
jhowers*  A  ftorm  u  preceded  for  fe- 
varal  hours  by  a  roaring  of  the  mountain, 
«^b  may  be  heard  lo  or  is  miles. 
But  dK  White  Mountains  are  uiidonbt- 
di^jdie  higheft  hind  in  New-England, 
Ana,  In  cImt  weather,  are  difcovered 
^^cfisre  any  other  land,  by  veflisls  Com- 
ing iteo  tne  eaAcm  c<MUt  j  but  by  rea> 
dbH  of  theiT  while  appearance,  arefre- 
^ently  Ri.i^akcn  iot  clouds.  They  are 
vifiidc  on  the  bud  at  the  diftance  c^  So 
a^s,  on  the  6.  and  S.  E.  fides  \  they 
mopear  '  higher  when  viewed  from  the 
!»«£»•  and  it  is  <hid»  they  are  feen  from 
the  neighbouriiood  of  Chamblee  and 
4^^bcc.  The  Indians  gave  them  the 
wdiM  of  Agtocnchook.  The  number 
«tf  fianmtuln  diis  cIuAer  of  mountains 
,cMBikot  «t  prefent  be  afcertained,  the 
^iMUMry  atenind  them^  being  a  thick  wil- 
•d^nn^rs.  The. greateft' number  which 
can  be  ftcn  at  once,  itfat  I>artmoutfa« 
•neha^N^Wi.  fik»-^h«{aftvaD  fiim- 

,     .  8'4       ■  .■■•■■.;.■' 


WB'W 


aaltt  appear  at  ow  viaw*t^  vihldi  %aii 
arc  baU.  Of  ihefc  the  three  bighei 
are  the  moft  didant,  bahig  on  the  oft. 
em  fide  of  the  doder )  ona  of  tlliA  it 
the  oMuntain  which  nodwa  ib  nntMic 
an  appearance  all  alnqg  the  fltove  of  *>.t 
eaOem  counties  of  MaflachulatUi  It 
has  lately  heen  diftingvitwd  hf  the 
namaofMovNT  Washimotoit, 
Olirbig  the  period  of  por  jo  oMiiths, 
theft  mouatame  exhibit  mors  or  left  of 
that  bright  appeahmce,  fromvridch  they 
ans  deneminated  white.  In  the  fpring, 
when  the  finow  is  partly  diflblved,  they 
VjffVK  of  a  pale  blue,  ftreaked  with 
whiter  uid  filer  it  is  whc^ly  gone,  at 
the  diflMica  of  60  miles,  they  are  aUo^ 
gether  of  the  fame  pole  blue,  nearly  ap. 
proacbiog  a  iky  colour}  while  at  die 
lame  time*  viewed  at  the  diftance  of  9 
miles  or  Icfs,  thev  appear  of  the  proper 
colour  of  the  rocx.  Thefe  changes  are 
ohfiarved  by  people  who  live  within  conl 
ftant  view  of  them )  and  from  thefe 
fa^s  and  obfervations,  it  may  with  cer-\ 
tainty  be  concluded,  that  thie  whitenefs 
of  them  is  wholly  caufed  by  the  fnow, 
and  not  by  any  other  whke  ibbftance* 
iot  in  fiift  there  is  none. 

The  reader  will  find  an  degant  de* 
fcription  of  thefe  mountiiins  in  the  jd 
vol.  of  Dr.  Belknap's  Hiftory  of  New. 
Hampdiire,  from  which  the  above  is  ex<r 
traded. 

The  raoft  confiderable  rivers  <^  this 
State  are  ConneAicut,  Merrimack,  Pifu 
cataqua,  Saco,  Androfcoggin,  Upper 
and  Lower  Amonoofuck,  bcfides  many 
other  fmaller  dreams.  '  The  chief  lakes 
ani  Winnipifeogee,  Umbagog,  Sunapee, 
Squam,  and  Great  Oflipee.'  Before  the 
war,  Ihip-building  was  a  Iburee  of  con- 
fiderable wealth  to  this  State;  about 
soo  v«fl*els  were  then  annually  buftt*^ 
and  fold inEurc^ and  iA the  Weft-In-> 
dies,  but  that  trade-  is  much  declined. 
Although  thie  is'iiottoberadked  among 
the  greet  coautiercial  States,  ^et  its 
trade  is  confiderable.  Its  exports  con<^ 
fift  of  -lumber,  ihip-timber,  whale-oil, 
flax-feed,  live  ftock,  beef^  pork,  tndian 
com,  pot  and  pcitrl  aOies,  drc  &c.  ■  In 
1790*  there  belonged  to  Piftataqua  33 
veftls  above  lootcHas,  and  50  under 
that  burden.  The  touni^  of  foreign 
and  Americas  veficls  cleared  odt  frwn 
the  iftofOftobcr,i7S9»toiftofoaoJ 
her*  179B,  was  31,097  tons,  of  which 
«t|f(o  WN  were  Amttkati  vcflfids. 
V     •  The 


jthc  Vk  or  Shoali.  employ  Manually  »7 
(jjMOqeoM  »o boiti*.  7o  irMt  the 


NB  W 


^ 


jthc  nk  of  Shoali.  employ  4imual^  »7 
(jchwMteouKl  »o boiti.,  in  i7j^»  the 
produce  vwat>5,t  50  qi^|N|U«  of  cod  and 


tiq^ttk^  The  cxpeiti  from  tki;  poU^ 
or't^ifeatuua  in  ^«fo  yeaii)  viz.  mm 
iftoiqaoUr,  i7t9itP  ift  ofoapber, 
i7ok(  ambunted  to' ty  value  of  a90»^!|9 
(lollanr  5P  iMfftli  in  the  year  qidmg 
Septetfibn'  i^Ut  i79*».>'l>407<ioU3ra } 
H»  l!793>  i9t>*97  aoIIar«{  aqi  in  thit 
year  1794,  1 53tS5^  doIUirif  The  bank 
^f  New'minpftire  was  eftabUihed  in 
179a*  with  «  capital  of  iofooodollari ; 
by  an  «&  of  aflrnibly  the  HoclL-lu>l(lei'» 
can  increaie  it  to  aoo,ooo  doUara  }p«<Cie» 
and  I oQ,ooo  dollars  in  any  other  cHatCf 
Thtt  onfy  c<^ge  in  the  Staii^e  f  s  at  Han- 
over* csuleduartmouth College*  which 
j^s  amply  endoi»ed  with  IiMkIs,  and  11  in 
a  flouruhir?  fituation.  The  principal 
academie*  are  thofe  of  Exeter*  I9ew- 
lorwich,  Atkinibn,  and  Amherft.'  See 
Jfrw-SinM*  Vmie^Statftp  Sfc, 

Nsw^AMfiroi)*  a  poft^owi)  of 
New-HampO^ire,  fitH^t^  In  Straffbnl  co. 
on  the  W.  fide  <rf  Lake  W inniplreogee* 
9  railea  S.  1  of  Plymontb,  and  9  N.  W. 
of  Memlith*  ^t^e  townlhi{>  wa»  incor- 
porated in  I77f*  fiurtd  contaiOf  6^%  \n- 
hablt&nta. 

I^ w-tliy96 VBR,  a  m^ri^inae  esfajjxty 
()fV|'Ui)^i)agtondiftri^,N.Car(^ina,  ex- 
tem^uig  ifocn  Ca^  Fear  river  north>eaft 
along  tne  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  contains 
(831  inh^bitanU,  including  373^  itavet* 
0iief  to#n.  Wili^ngton. 

N«w-Hanpv'&r,  a  townfl^ip 'i|Burr 
Hngton  co.New-|ei-rey ,  contaihing  about 
»O)O00  acres  pr  improved  lancli  and  a 
la^-ge  quantity  that  iii  barren  and  uncul- 
tivated. The  compa^  part  of  the  town- 
(hip  ii  cidled  HewokiBft  where  are 
about  50  houfira*  S7  miles  fr<Hn  Phila? 
delphia*  and  f  3  from  Burlingtoji, 

NBW-HANOVER,:,townlhipinMor. 
gan  CO.  Pennfylvania, 

NBW-HARfPoaq,  a  Tmall  poft-towcf 
m  Litchfield  col  ConneQicut|  14  miles 
N.  E,  of  Litchfield,  »o  W.  by  \N.  pf 
Hartfor<t 

NEW'ttaVBii  CpMi/y,  ConneRIcqt, 
extends  along  the  Sound  between  Mid- 
djefex  CO.  ou  the  eaft,  and  Fairfield  co. 
on  the  weft  I  about  30  miles  long  from 
north  to  Ibuth*  and  18  from  eaft  to  weft. 
|t  Is  divided  into  14  townfhips.  It 
contained  in  175!$*  17*955  free  per- 
fpnsi  aiid  ax6  flaves )  in  ly/i^*  15,896 


firM  jirfim,  »M,*af,,_  . 

"» »79o.  vh%n}mmm»» 

flavas.  .    ,  ^  ^,,  , 

tica  in  ttw  above,  cpunt]E»  ,Md  iSm.i 
n^ropolii  of  jthe  Stau%   TMi  any  ] 
round  the  liead '  of ,  a  bay  ym\^  1 
up  about  frnir  m^'  V/Pjivi  worn.  _^  ^ 

Plain  which  »  cui^^rihiid.  oajM 

imall  rivers  boia^  t^jpjty  <^  and,  |fjf|fe 
«  vvas^ongnuifli^iaifl-oi^.k  b^Himn 
60  rods  1^  many  of  tQf#  w^*  PHi 
beefi  divided  j^y  ciM»<|blB!Ai9    f!^ 
ftreets  nin  qpHh-we^  j^jid  jtouilk'f^ 
and  are  croiletl  by  others  at  |>gbt  a^glM^ 
Near  the  centre  of  the  ci^  is  impahm 
fquai-e*  on  and  arauf^l  wbicjiiare  thf 
publif  biiildinn»!arV»  «^  a4iti|ii7^A<liP!( 
two  college  edificea»  i|n4  a  4mA»  ^m 
churches  for  Cpngregaticnaniiifiiandi! 
for  jSpifcopaliap^i  tUl  wbiclh.^KiRf ' 
fome  and  coip^nadiO|is  ^iidipeif 
college  edifiiCes*  chapfi;!*  ftate-ltoiiAtfi 
one  of  the  churches  arc  of  Wiflk*    TIm 
public  iauare  is  encircled  wkh  imw  fn 
trees*  which  render  it  bojth  convent 
and  de}igbtfu|.    ^ts  bfsauty,  howtvffa 
is  greatly  diminiOied   \«f  |be  |nwial» 
gnmnd*  ^d  ^eral  of  |he,pufa^  buifllt 
ings  which  occupy  a  fonuderablf '.jiiit 
ofitf    Many  of  the  greets  am.oiia. 
mented  with  rows  of  trees  en  each  ,iidf| 
which  give  the  city  a  rui^l  appHMnmcfi* 
The  profpeft  irom  the  fteovl^iigmu 
ly  vaitegated  and  extfemely  b^iitiml* 
There  ai%  between  3  and  490  Qe«t  dwtl* 
ling-houfes  in  the  city*  printipaUy  of 
woodf    The  ftreets  arc  fandy  but  c|«ij^ 
Within  the  Timits  of  the  city  aye  40«» 
louls.    About  one  in  70  die  annually* 
Indeed  as  to  pleaiSimtnefs  of  fituatiua 
and  lalubrity   of  air*  Mew-Haven  if 
hardly  exceeded  by  fify  city  in  America. 
It  caifies  oil  a  cuniiderable  trade  with 
New- York  and  the  \yeft-tndi4  iilaq|da. 
The  expoitf  for  one  year,  ending  Sept* 
30,  1794*  amounted  to  the  ytX^f  9f 
1 7  i*86B  dollars.  Manut'a£lure$  oFcard- 
teeth*  linen*  buttons,  cotton,  and  papeir 
are  carried  on  here.  Yale  college*  which  ' 
is  eftahjiflied  in  this  city  vas  fuunded  in 
1 700*  and  remained  at  KiUingworthiiQ^ 
til  1707,  then  at  Saybrook  uotU  1716* 
when  it  was  ivmoyed  and  fixed  ait  1^»r- 
Haven.     It  has  its  name  from  itsjprino 
cipal  benefa^or  GovemprYale.  There 
aite  at  prefent  fix  college  ^micikt,  two 
Z4  of 


'¥ 


%iUdi,  «^h  too  ftiet  long  lad  4« 
«Ut*  ti%  WttWNil  by  tkt  ftudfsnti,  cm. 
taiiilw  S*  ehiunbcrji  Mch,  fuScient  fbr 
MMtt  t«!»'#adittM  i  a  dMiwi  40  bjr  50 
iHif»  wMiaifqife  ttoftttbigllj  a  din. 
akw'lMUteby^eMKt)  ahoiifelbrilic 
jmdHit,  am  anodmr  fiMr  tha  proftilbr 
j^fdifiaity.  In  tile  d»Dd  it  lodged  tic 
MMiif  IRnraiyi  MifittM  of  atioat  )oee 
HlwBM,  and  tlie  j^ilolophieil  amnra- 
«w«  aaoonplete ai  arwft  oilMn  m  the 
wiwid  StacfSt  and  contains  the  mu 
«lli«M  nccdiurjr  toi  «Att»Mn|  «r|ieri. 
i*^  far  the  «dii>k  courft  or  cxperi- 
IMntal  pMloAipliT  and  «ftronomy.  The 
iMftttm,  to  whwh  additiout  ars  con. 
jtloitly  mddng)  coQtaint  many  natural 
Wtwtoia*  From  the  yeir  1700  to 
«793»  Am  had  httm  educated  and 

fadaatad  at  thitmirrerfity about  1303. 
ha  nmnbcr  of  Avdcntt  it  generally 
<'W.  The-harbOtti*,  thoagh  inferior  to 
rnvt-Londen,  has  good  anchorage,  with 
I  iSithom  wnA  4  (mv  water  at  common 
fidesi  and  s|  fathom  at  low  water.  This 
fliee  and  Hartford  are  the  feats  of  tite 
legiflatnrr  alternately.  It  is  40  miles 
TOQtk>weft  byibnth  of  Hartford,  54.  from 
l#«#>Ixindon,  tS  from  New- York,  t  $t 
ffMn  Bofbn»  and  if)  north-eaflofphi. 
bddflifai.    N.  ht.  41.  iS.  W.  longi 

Ni  W«H  A  VVN,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon 
€«.  Vermont,  on  Otter  Creek  or  River, 
containiiw  7*)  inhabitaiMs* 
■  Nbw-Hebkidbs,  acltirterofiflands 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lb  called  by  Capt. 
Cook  hi  17941— thi  fame  at  the  Arcbtpe- 
kun  9/  tkt  Oreat  Cycladts  of  Bougain- 
«we,  or  the  Ttira'^Anfiral  of  Qjjuros ; 
iwUch  Ac.       ' 

Nbw  Hamb STEAD,  a  townfliip  in 
Orange  co.  New- York,  bounded  eafter- 
Vt  by  Clarkftown,  and  foutherly  by  the 
ntate  of  New.Jerfey.  It  was  taken 
from  Haverflbraw,  ud  incorporated  in 
1791."  By  the  Static  cenfus  of  1796, 
th^  were  245  of  its  inhabitants  quali- 
fied ekabrs.'  ^ 

Nifw-HoLDBRilBss,  a  townihip  in 
Grafton  co.  New-H^nipfhire,  (itiiated 
on  the  E.  fide  of  ^emigewafTet  river, 
about  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Plymouth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1761,  and  ccn- 
taint  3*9  ihhabitantt.    "     '    "   ^ 

NBw-HoLLAND,  a  tow|i of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  Laucafbr  co.  in  the  midif  ot  a 
fertile  country.  It  toiitaint  a  German 
^hmxh  and  about  70  hoofcs.    It  ii  t% 


KBW 

fiilktir.M.S.  of  tiiiiea(fer,iiid  54.  Wt 
%  W.  of  !PbiUdelphia. 

K[M#-IlviiTiMOTOif,a  mountainoni 
Mti^lhip  in  Chittenden  co.  Vermont, 
Ml  the  8.  W.  itde  of-  Onion  river,'  CMi- 
ttlnbg  isAlnhabitlttts.  '    '^ 

NBWiCHWAwAillcic.    See  Fijlcttm: 

flMt 

NBWiNOTOM,  a  townfblji  {  formerly 
nart  of  Portfinoiith  and  Dover,  hi  Roeh- 
insham  co.  New*flampiliiiv,  5  miles 
diftant  f^om  the  fbrmor.  It  contains 
54»  inhabiuntt. 

Nbw  Iiiy8RNB9S,inGeorgia,it,fitn. 
tted  near  Daricn  on  Alatamahsi  Hver. 
It  wat  built  by  the  Scotch  Highlanders, 
i<o  of  ^hom  landed  here  in  1735. 

NBWlBswicn,  a  townfi^ip  ih  H'^f- 
borough  CO.  New.Hampfhire,  a^  t|ie 
yt.  me  of  Souhegan  river,  upon  the 
fouthem  line  of  the  State.  It  wm  in- 
corporate' In  i7<s,  and  contains  1x41 
inhabitants.  There  Is  an  academy, 
founded  in  1789,  having  a  fund  Of  tbout 
toool.  and  hat  generally  about  40  of 
50  fludentt.  It  it  about  14  miles  S.E^ 
of  Keene,  and  75  W.  S.  W.  of  Portf. 
mouth. 

NEW  1ERSEY,  one  of  theVnited 
Statea  of  Americsi|  it  fituated  between 
39  and  41.  «4.  N.  latitude^  and  betweeh 
74r  44.  and  75^  33.  W.  longitude  flroni 
Londipn  }  bov.ddl  )P.,  by  kudfon*!  river 
and  the  Or, an :  W.  by  Delaware  Bay 
and  riv.<,  which  divide  it  fi-om  thf 
States  of  Delaware  and  pennfylyania  { 
N.  by  the  line  drawn  from  th^  ^pnouth 
of  Mahakkamak  river,  in  lat.  41.  H-  to 
a  point  on  Hudfon's  river,  in  lat.  41.' 
It  it  about  160  milet  long  and  jibroad, 
containing  about  8,3x0  fbuare  miles, 
equal  to  5,3x4,800  acres.  It  it  divided 
into  s  3  counties,  viz.  Cane  May,  Cum- 
berland, Salem,  Glouceinh',  Burlington, 
Hunterdon,  and  Suflisx ;  theffc  7  He  ironn 
S'.  to  N.  on  Delaware  river;  Cape  May 
and  Gloucefter  extend  acrofa  to  the  lira  { 
Bergcifi|  Eflex,  Middiefex,  ami  Mon- 
mouth, lie  from  N.  to  S.  on  the  e'atteni 
ficleof  the  Stsite;  Somerfet  and  Morria 
are  ipland  cpunties.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  it  |84,i39,of  whom  1 1,493 
are  flayes.  The  molt  remarkably  bay  is 
Arthur  I^ul),  or  Nevirark  B)iy,  formed 
by  the  union  of  PaAaick  and  Hackinfhc 
nvert'.  'The  rivert  in  thit  State,  thoueh 
not  large,  are  numerout.  A  traveller 
in  pafling  the  common  road  from  New- 
Y<»k  to  Philadelphia,  croiTei  3  "^onfi- 

derahl^ 


I 


hw. 


IJttUt. 


tetM#«lm«»  vif.  thcRMklnflMi'lltl 
Pafbtefc,  bc(  mm  Bergen  aikt  Me««rk» 
•nd  thelUrlton  iMr llnmlMck,  fkAMek 
is  a  vwy  crooked  rlTcr.   ttianavigaMe 
ihoitt  |o  milcea  and  U  aso  yakda  wUk 
attbeieny.    The  cataraQ,  or  Orett 
FMte*  in  thie  ilveri  ie  one  of  the  pwueli 
nattinl  euriofittei  in  the  State.    The 
ri!rer  i«  about 4«fards  wide,  and  moves 
Snaflovr,  gentle  current,  until  coming 
within  a  flioit  diftance  of  a  deep  ckft  in 
a  rock«  Whicn  croAee  the  channel,  it 
defcends  and  bXi»  above  70  feet  perpCn- 
dicularlv,  in  one  attire  ikeet.    One  end 
of  the  cleft,  which  was  evidently  made 
bv  Tome  violent  convuMion  in  nature,  !s 
clofcd  {  at  the  other,  the  water  rafliet 
nut  with  incredible  IWiftneft,  forming  an 
licute  angle  with  its  former  direAion, 
■nd  is  received    into  ^  lar{^  balbn, 
whence  it    talces    a    winding  ccurfc 
througlf  the  roclcs,  and  fpreacU  into  a 
broad  finooth  ftream.     The  cleft  It 
from  >  to  I*  feet  bread.    The  falling 
of  the  water  occafions  a  cloud  of  vapour 
py  arife,  which,  by  floating  amidtt  the 
fnn-beam»,   prefents  rainbows  to  the 
view,  which  adds  beauty  to  tlie  tremen* 
idous  fcene.    The  new,  manufafturing 
town  of  Patteribn  is  ereAed  upon  t^ 
Great  Falls  In  this  river.  Rariton  river 
Ss  fttrmed  by  two  confiderable  ftreams, 
called'  the  north  and  fouth  branches ; 
one  of  \i(hich  has  its  fource  in  Morris, 
the  other  in  Hunterdon  county,     ft 
pafles  by  Bi^nfwick  and  Amboy,  and, 
mingling  with  the^watcrr  of  the  Arthur 
XulT  Sound,  htlpt  to  form  the  fine  har- 
l>3iir  of  Ambpy.    Brid««  have  lately 
been  erefiked  over  thePaflkicki^  Hackinfac 
.and   Rari(on  rivers,  <m  the  poft-road 
between  New>Yoi-k  and  Philadelphia. 
Thefe  bridge^  will  greatly  facilitate  the 
intercoUrfe    between    thefe    two  great 
jcitieii.   Thf:  counties  of  Su/)ex,  Moiris, 
and  the  northern  part  of  Bergen,  are 
mountainous.  Af  niuch  af  iive-cighths 
of  moft  of  the  Ibi^thern  counties,  or  one- 
fourth  of  the  whole  State,  is  aJTioft  en- 
tirely a  fandy  barren,  unfit  in  many 
parts  for  cultivation.    All  the  varieties 
of  foil,  from  the  worft  to  the  beft  kind, 
fnay  be  found  here.    The  good  land  in 
the  fouthern  counties  lies  principallyon 
the  banks  of  livers  and  creeks.    The 
parrens  produce  little  elfe  but  dihib- 
^aks  and  yellow  pities.    Thefe  Tandy 
la^s  yield  at)  immenfe  quatttity  of  bog 
iron  ore*  which  is  worked  up  to  griat 


tdvamtftin  ^ 
eonntiea*  Ini|f1 
P^utv  which  «tt  jet  ti^i 


'in  )mi#a%:M 


vatldn,  (hi'ftiltp 
ind  oovtshlli,  ill  it*  M 

ana  wnen  cuu|vaiMi>  1 
rye,Indiuicor<W^^ 
ley.  flte,  and  fniUaof  «1|  | 
to  th^ clinwfe.  'Hw  .|m^  iiii 
country  is  fond  fot'|ilH%»  «i|  i 
er«i  feed  gftat  mmipar*  of,  cattle 
New.Yo^  and  Pl|t1adelphlt 
The  occharde  in  flnnv  ptita  ol 
equal  any  in  the  Unitei!  tftptta,  w^l 
their  cyder  it  ftid,  and  not  lii'ItlimMirt^ 
fon,  to  be  the  beft  te  the  wwld.,  tib 
markett  of  New-York  aifd  PhibdelpMll 
receive  i  very  conriderahle  ptwoorttojl 
of  their  fuppiies  from  the  coiangnnqt 
parts  of  New  JcrC;y.  Thcflt  |iippl|f» 
confift  of  vq^tables  of  many  khidt;^  Wfm 
ples,p«u-s,  peaches,  pljimsi  ;ftirni«l^ 
ries,  cherries  and  other  frutttif^yderlA 
latve  quantitiea,  butter,  cheeie,  bed^' 

¥>nc,  mutton,  nnd  the  leffiiif  mcattp 
he  trade  it  carried  on  almoft  fol^ 
with  and  from  thofe  two  great  commcK- 
cial  citicf ,  New-York  on  one  fide,  umI 
Philadelphia  on  the  other;  thouj^h  ^ 
wants  not  good  ports  Of  its  cvm;' ' 
faftures  here  have  hitherto  httn 
denible,  not  fufliclent  to  fupply  its  own 
confumption,  if  we  except  tbe  wticjel 
of  iron,  nails,  and  leather.  A  fpint  Of 
induftry  and  improvement,  parti(hi|ufjr 
in  manufaAures,  has,  however,  of  liit<^ 
greatly  incrcafed.  TliC  iron  manufao- 
tiire  is,  of  all  others,  the  greateft  fourcn 
of  wealth  to  the  State.  Iron-wprks  tie 
ereAed  in  Gioucefler,  BurlingtOBf  Su& 
fcx,  Morris,  and  other  counties.  The 
mountains  in  the  county  of  Morris  givje 
rife  to  a  number'  of  ftreams,  neceffary 
and  convenient  for  thefe  works,  and  at 
the  fame  time  fdmifit  a  copbut  fupply 
of  wood  and  ore  of  a  fuperior  quality. 
In  ihi<t  country  alone  are  no  left  than  7 
rich  iron  mines,  from  which  might  be 
taken  ore  fuflicient  to  fupply  the  United 
States ;  and  to  work  it  into  iron,  there 
are  1  furnaces,  a  rolling  and  flitting 
mills,  and  about  30  forges,  containing 
from  a  to  4  fices  each.  Thefe  workk 
produce  annually,  about  540  tons  of  bar 
iron,  800  tons  of  pigs,  befidcs  large  quan* 
titles  of  hollow  ware,  flieet  iron,  and 
nail-rods.  In  the  whole  State  it  is  fup- 
pofed  there  is  yearly  made  about  laob 

tons 


I 


i;iltHr  cailn|«»  of 

^^ 

:,  4Hid  n^utual  con- 

Mie  mMrilfjr  itidwad  thde 

^  jVmpk  to  fetHe  tog«lhci 

'  ji  ijSh  wi^  their  pecalinr 

,.,ct|ftom«  i|id  Chirac' 


imjcmdi  rfpcrMUy  ■ino^ 

cl«A  of  Mpplff,  who  h»ifc 

Intapcovrfe  irith  «iy  \mt  th^re  o| 


«f  tht  Thtiticn  $fm, 


WlwnCtiii. 


At  so  Prcibyttnan  congregationi, 
■";  tdthe  care  of^j  Prefltyteiiet } 
I  opwrardt  of  4^0  eongrentioni  ot 
'  jo  of  Baptifts,  s  5  of  Epiftopa- 
I  of  Dutch  '.dbrmed,  beiidci 
|l«tHQ4pt»  i|nd  a  fctilenicnt  of  Mora 
iriiUM.  AH  theft  litigious  denomina- 
l^a  liw  togef her  in  peace  and  harmo. 
jpnri  ud  are  alloiM*  by  ^le  conftUu- 
mi^iof  th«  StatCt  to  worlhip  Almighty 
)Poa  agn«ib)y  to  thi  diAatea  of  titeir 
fnm  cfgiTcienccs,  The  college  at  Prince- 
ton, ciukd  Nai&u  Hall,  has  been  un- 
der the  caiie  of  a  lUcceflion  of  Prcfi- 
Acnta,  eaainrnt  for  piety  and  learning ; 
spd  h}(s  fornifhcd  a  number  of  Civilians, 
pivvi^,  and  Phyficians  of  the  firft  rank 
!■  'AMfxnc9.  It  has  confidemble  funds, 
la  Wider  excellent  regulations,  and  has 
ge^eraJly  from  lo  to  too  ftudentt, 
pnocipally  from  the  ibufhern  States. 
7%ei«  Vft  academies  at  Freehold,  Tren- 
tqufi  liackinfac,  Orangedale,  Eliza- 
Jbirth<TiMMi,  BorKngton,  and  Newark ; 
jwd  frammar.fchooU  at  Suringfielri, 
>ioriXftoi««n,  Boidentowii,  and  Amboy. 
*rbere  are  a  numiber  of  towns  in  this 
iState,  nearly  of  e^sl  fize  and  impor- 
tance, and  none  that  has  more  than  300 
hoiiiias  compa£lly  built.  Trenton  is 
one  of  ihe  brg«ft,  and  the  capital  of 
«he  State.  -The  other  principal  towns 
mre  Brtinfwick,  Burlington^  Amboy, 
,  BfOrdentown,  Princetown,.  Elizabeth- 
Town,  Newark,  and  Murriftown.  This 
&ate  was  the  feat  of  wir  fur  feveral 
jearsr  dui'ing  the  h!c:«idv  contcft  be- 
t'.v<en  Grtat  Britain  and  Ameiica.  Her 
lofles  Koth  of  men  and  property,  in  pro- 
portion Ho  the  population  and  wealth  of 
tke  State,  was  greater  than  of  any  other 


cnt  to  ^tf  orders raiid,  for  a  confide' 
ribli;' length  of  time,  coninoied  th> 
n  cngth  of  nia  atihy.  There  ia  haklly 
a  tfwn^in  the  State  th«t  lay  {n  the  pro- 
grefs  of  the  BritiO)  arn^y,  ^hat  was  not 
rctklered  fignal,.  by  (^|tt  imtcrprile  or 
exploit. 

NbwJbriey  CtmfMif^j  drant  ff 
Laxtft,  lies  id  the  £.  lide  0'  MifrifipM 
fiver  (  i'outb  of  Illinois,  and  north-welt 
of*the  Army  lands,  which  f6i:nD  the  fra^ 
fltapeU  by  tne  confluence  of  Ohio  with 
MiiTifippi. 

Nf  w-KsNT,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
botmded  on  the  8.  fide  of'^Pamunky  and 
York  rivers.  It  is  about  %%  miles long^ 
and  IS  broad,  and  contains  6x39  i"*^' 
bitants,  includii\g  3700  (Isves,  New. 
Kent  court  houfe  ts  30  miles  IVoni  kich- 
moml,  and  as  far  from  lVil)ia|nfl>arg. 

New-Iebanon,  apod-townin  Dti. 
chel't  CO.  New- York,  celebrated  for  it| 
medicinal  I'prings.  The  cpoipa^l  part 
of  this  town  is  plea/a^Jy  fit^ated  paitlf 
in  an  ex'cnfive  valley,  and  partly  o^ 
the  declivity  of  the  nirrouiiding  bilU. 
The  fpring  is  on  the  Iputh  Me,  and 
near  the  b^tom  of  a  jjentle  hill,  but  a 
few  rods  weft  of  the  Maflachufetts*  weft 
line  I  and  is  furronnded  with  fevera) 
good  houfes,  which  afford  convenient 
accommodations  for  the  videtudinariana 
who  vifit  thefe  waters.  Concerning 
the  medicinal  virtues  of  this  fprii^,  Pr. 
Waterhoufe,  Profeflbr  of  the  theory 
and  pra6lice  of  phyfic,  at  Harvard  Unir 
verfity,  and  who  vifited  it  in  the  Aim- 
mcrof  t794,oblerves,  **I  confefsmyfelf 
at  a  lois  to  determine  the  contents  of 
thefe  waters  by  chymical  analyfis,  or 
any  of  theoixlinary  tefts.  I  fulpeft  their 
impregnation  is  from  fome  caufe  weak* 
ened.  Excepting  from  their  warmth, 
which  is  about  that  of  new  milk,  I  ne- 
ver Ihould  have  fufpeAed  tlicm  :o  come 
under  the  head  or  medicinal  waui:. 
They  are  ufed  for  the  various  purpofes 
of  cookery,  and  for  common  drink  by 
the  neighoours,  and  I  never  coukl  dil- 
cover  any  other  e^e£ls  from  drinking 
them,  than  what  we  might  expeA  from 
rain  or  river  w:;ter  of  that  temperature. 
There  was  no  vifibk  change  produced 
in  this  water  by  the  addition  of  an  alka- 
li, ^pr  by  a  £»lutIon  of  allum  i  nor  was 
■  " '  any 


fimf 

obcdi. 


rant  qf 
MGpA 

witli 


pigr  iftnrtCwim  niiM  by  the  eU  «r 
fkrioli  MiUwr  did  it  itbMift  tin  co. 
Joan  of  foUi  filwr,  or  copper  t  nor 
<liditn«cfi  b«ror  mutton  boiMui 
it(  nor  did  it  ntimft  »  bUck  tinaure 
from  nliti  nether  did  it  curdle  milk, 
<he  whitcc  of  cgge,  or  Ibap.  The  .qna> 
|ity  of  the  waere  of  the  pool  at  Lebanon 
U»  thenfore,  Tcnr  diflfcrent  firom  tboft  of 
Saratoga.  Thefe  are  warm  and  wvm* 
ifli,  thofe  very  cold,  fmart,  and  exhiler- 
ntim.  Frogt  are  found  in  the  pool  of 
^Lebanon,  awl  jplantt  grow  and  floiirifi) 
In  and  around  it}  but  plants  will  not 
grow  within  the  vapour  of  thofe  of  Sa- 
ratoga, and  at  for  ^tiall  animalt,  they 
ibon  expire  in  it.  Hence  we  conclude 
that  that  Afritei  mmtra&t  which  ibme 
call  aerial  acid,  or  iiited  air,  abounds 
tn  the  one  but  not  in  the  other.  Yet 
the  Lebanon  pool  it  fam^iu  for  having 
wrought  many  curee,  efpecially  in  rheu- 
nMtimia,  ftiff  joints,  fcabbjr  eruptiont, 
and  even  in  vileeral  obftruAions  and  hi- 
digeftions )  all  of  which  is  very  proba- 
ble. If  a  perTon  who  has  brought  on  a 
Itraui  of  chronic  complaints,  by  intem- 
fierance  in  eating  and  drinking,  Oiould 
fwallow  four  or  five  quarts  of  rain  or 
'river  water  in  a  day,  he  would  not  feel 
ib  keen  an  a^{>etite  for  animal  food,  or 
thurft  for  fpirituous  liquors.  Hence 
fuch  a  Coorfe  of  water  drinking  will 
open  obftruAions,  rinle  out  impurities, 
render  perfpuvtion  free,  and  thus  re- 
move  that  unnatural  load  from  the  ani- 
mal machine,  which  caufes  and  keeps 
up  its  dilbrders.  Pofllbly,  however, 
there  may  he/tnuthing  Co  fubtle  in  theie 
waters  as  to  elude  the  fcmtiniiiing  hand 
of  the  chymifts,  fince  they  all  allow  that 
the  analyfis  of  mineral  waters  is  one  a- 
ntong  the  moft  difficult  things  in  the 
ehymical  art."  A  fociety  of  Shakers 
inhabit  the  fouth  part  of  the  town  in 
View  of  the  main  ftage-road,  which  pafl- 
es  through  this  town.  Their  manufac- 
tures of  various  kinds  are  confiderable, 
«ad  very  neat  and  excellent.  It  is  about 
I  a  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Albany,  loj 
north  of  New- York,  and  6  W.  of 
Pitttfield.^! 

'  Nbwlin,  atownlhip  in  Cbefter  co. 
^cnnfylvania.  . ',; , 
'  New-LokdO'I)^  a  maritime  county  of 
(}onne^icut,  commebenduig  the  S.  £. 
Corner  of  it*  boraeriiyg  £.  on  Rhode* 
liland,  and  S.  on  Longlfland  Sound, 
tbout ^0 auicf  from £<to  W^  and a^ 


«rm   MClk   to  MMjh.     It  WM  Mii 

ibqn  aacr  tkt  iff  ftft^mum 
focRMd  on  ConnaA(«rt  «hf«) 
divhiod  into  ii  to«M«|M>  of 
New.Londonandflorw^iiartdM  , 
It  contained  in  175^  aa,t44  inbilil> 
tants,  of  whom  tay  ytf  Itevtai  ii 
>790f  13>*oo,ofwhom  iMwcnIliNWii, 

fli w-LONOOii,  a  di) .  yn  of m 
and  poft-towR  in  th«  abovt  cpnMjr, 
one  of  the  moft  cdnfid«rablt  ccm 
towns  in  the  State.  It  ftandaon 
fide  of  the  river  Tbaron,  about  | 
from  its  entrance  intp  the  Sound,  Md  || 
defended  by  Fort  Trumbull  jfd  1^11 
Grifwold,  the  one  on  the  N«W'Load«% 
the  other  on  the  -Gretoi)  |d«  of  thi  * 
Thames.  A  confiderdbfo  jut  of  <fc| 
town  was  burnt  by  Bcnedift  Arnold  It 
i7«i.  It  has  fince  been  refanUt.  Hili 
are  two  places  of  publif  worlhip,  oiM  Uf 
Epifcopaliant,  and  one  fipr  CongiaM* 
tionaliits,  about  ]oo  dwelling- nonSL 
and  4,6qo  inhabitants.  The  harbour^ 
htfK,  fafe  and  commodiMii,  'jni  Ihm  | 
fathoms  water;  high  water  at  fiill  ana 
change,  54  minutes  after  S.  On  the  W. 
fide  of  the  entrance  is  a  light-hovfii,  aft 
a  point  of  land  which  projects  confider* 
ably  into  the  Sound.  The  eniorts  far 
a  year  ending  September  jotn,  1794* 
amounted  to  557,453  dollars.  In  that 
year  i,ouo  mules  were  ihipued  for  die 
Weft-Indies.  It  is  14  miles  (outik^i 
Norwich,  54  S.  E.  by  S.  of  H»tffm<k 
54  E.  of  New- Haven,  and  137  N.  B.  hr 
E.  of  Philadelphia.  ,N.lat.4i.i5.'W. 
long.  7a.  15.  The  townfliip  of  Neww 
London  was  laid  out  in  lots  in  164^, 
but  had  a  few  EngliOi  inhabitants  two 
years  before.  It  was  called  by  the  In« 
dians  Namtag  or  Towofwogt  and  from. 
being  the  feat  of  the  Pequot  tribe,  waia 
called  Ptquot.  It  was  the  feat  of  St^^ 
cust  the  grand  monarch  of  Long- Tfland^ 
and  part  of  Conne6licut  and  Narragan* 
let. 

New-London,  a  fmall  townfliip  in 
Hilllborough  co.  New-Hampihire,  in- 
corporated in  1779,  and  contains  311 
inhabitants.  It  lies  at  tlie  head  of 
Blackwater  rivir,  and  about  3  milea 
from  the  N.  £.  fide  of  Sunapeo  Lake. 

NfiW-LoNDON,  a  poft  town  of  VW- 
ginia,  and  the  chief  town  of  BrJford  co. 
It  ftands  upon  rifing  groiind,  and  con- 
tains about  130  houles,  a  court4)oufe 
and  gaol.  There  were  here  in  the  late 
war  fcvenil  workfliqps  for  repairing 

file- 


#. 


IflW 

granww.^  It  It  «ti  Mdln  W^  byV df 
KtCMMMi  lis  wfw <w FMcnNfVi  md 
Itrt*  W.  by  W.  <«  PhilMMphli. 

lni».M4iilm,  h  tht  nortfiwii  nm 
«f  LonHhiMa  ii  iftitlciMM  on  ths  w. 
of  ifM  llURfippli  commenced 
Itfo,  and  cond«A«l  by 
I  w  New.  Jerfty,  unc'zr  tM 
'of  Ut«  8|NUiifli  king.  Tbe 
;  d«  wbidi  tbe  ftfy  WM  propo(ed  to 
IMH  i*  ihMNd  bl  fart.  j^.  je.  N.  end 
J  lllitteo  beliw  Ibe  mouth  of  Ohio  ri- 
nm^-Tkt  timlto  of  the  new  city  of 
liMHd  W««  to  Mtend  4  mikt  8.  md 
W^»  fi<(|m  the  rtver  t  lb  u  to  croft  • 
Nnutlful,  living  dcepiake,  of  the  purtft 
fVHjMt  «)«ftr,  100  yard*  wide*  and  ft. 
^WMTitoifee  hi  Itngtb,  emptying  itftif, 
'by  a  coiAant  and  rapid  nairow  ftream, 
tbrougb  lb*  centre  of  the  city.  The 
^ankt  of  thii  Iake»  called  8t.  Annii,  are 
•bigh,  bdnitiful  and  pleaftnt  j  the  water 
4ccp,  dear  and  fMMt)  and  well  ftored 
HviOi  fi<h  {  th*  hotto^n  a  clear  fand,  frer 
Aom  wood«i  flinibli  or  other  vecetablee. 
On  each  fide  of  thii  dvlighthil  lake, 
*ilittt»  were  to  be  laid  out,  100  feet 
>vidtt  and  a  fMd  to  be  contmued  round 
it,  or  the  ftme  brcac^th}  and  the  ftrettt 
wcrt  direAcd  to  be  prcfrnred  forever, 
ISC'  the  health  and  ptenTure  of  the  citi. 
'■ens.  A  (hreet  iso  feet  wide,  on  the 
bttik  of  the  MUnrip|ti,  «ra«  laid  out ; 
«nd  the  tree*  were  dircA^  to  he  pre* 
denied  for  the  fame  purpofe.  Twelve 
■jjtret,  in  a  central  part  of  the  city  were 
■Htitt  prefenled  in  like  manner,  to  be 
ornamented,  regtilated,  ami  improved 
by  the  magiftracv  of  the  city  for  public, 
walk*  i  and  40  half>acre  lots  for  other 
pnblie  ufet  1  and  one  lot  of  is  acres  for 
•the  king*s  ufe.  We  do  not  hear  that 
this  fchemeis  profecuting,  and  conclude 
,it  is  given  up.  The  country  in  the  vi 
'ctnity  of  this  intended  city  is  repre&nt 
td  as  excellent,  and,  in  many  parts,  be 
yond  delcriprion.  The  natural  growth 
confifts  'of  mulberry,  lociift,  faflStfiras, 
r/alnur,  hickory,  oak,  afli,  dog  wood. 
Set.  with  one  or  m(>re  grape  vines  run 
ning  up  almoft  every  tree  ji  and  the 
grapes  yield,  from  experiments,  good 
reti  wine  in  plenty,  and  with  little  la- 
bour. In  lomt  of  the  lew-grounds 
crow  large  cyprefa  trees.  The  climate 
M  ft  id  to  he  favourable  to  health,  and  to 
the  culture  of  fruits  of  various  kinds, 
particularly  for  garden  vMCtables.  The 
prairka  ormcadowa  are  fertile  in  grai's. 


lBMMnM|kpunta,  lHrMeMfnM,'iMl  wMil 
cultivated  produce  food  crops  of  wheat, 
hairier,  Indian  com,  Jjnt,  Betnp,  and  to- 
bacco, and  afa  eafily  tilled,  iron'  and 
lead  mines  awl  ftttl^nge,  k  is  af«rt~ 
ed,  are  found  in  Aich  plenty  as  to  aflbrd 
an  abundant  Aipplyof  ibefenceeflhiY  nr- 
ticlrs .  The  banks  of  tbe  Miffifippl,  hf 
many  leagues  in  extant,  comfiMncing 
about  10  milea  above  the  month  of  the 
Ohio,  are  1  continued  chab  of  lime- 
ftone.  A  fine  traA  of  high,  rich,  le/el 
land,  8.  W.,  W.  and  N.  W.  of  New. 
Madrid,  abcut  a5  miles  wide,  extcnda 
quite  to  the  river  St.  Francis. 

NiWMANsTOWN,  Penuiyivania,  (}. 
tuatrd  in  Dauphin  co.  on  the  call  fide  of 
Mill  Creek.  It  contains  about  30  boulca, 
and  is  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Harrilburg, 
and  7%  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia, 

Newmarket,  a  township  in  Rock, 
ingham  co.  Ncw-Hampdiire,  north  of 
Exeter,  of  which  it  waa  formerly  a  part, 
and  17  miles  weft  of  Portfrnouth.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1 7a7>  and  containa 
II 37  inhabitants.  Foflilihelli  have  been 
found  near  Lamprey  river  hi  this  town, 
at  the  depth  of  17  tieet  {  and  in  fuch  • 
fituation  as  that  the  bed  of  the  river 
could  never  have  been  there.  The 
fhella  were  of  oytters,  mufclea,  and 
clams  intermixed. 

Nbwmarket,  a  village  in  Frederick 
CO.  Maryland,  on  the  high  road  to  Pre. 
derickftown,  from  which  it  lies  nearly 
1 3  miles  W.  8.  W.  and  about  36  niilca 
north-weft  of  the  Federal  City. 

Newmarket,  a  village  inDorchef. 
ter  CO.  Maryland,  3  miles  north-eaft  of 
Indian-Town,  on  Choptank  river,  nine 
north-eaft  of  Cambridge^  ^  af  f|r 
north-weft  of  Vienna.  ' 

Newmarket,  9  town  in  Virj^ntii, 
Amherft  co.  on  the  north  fide  of  James 
river,  at  the  mouth  of  Tye  river.  It  U 
a  fmall  place,  contains  a  tobacco  ware, 
hoiife }  IS  100  miles  above  Richmond, 
and  -  78  from  Philadelphia* 

NewMarlborovoh,  a  towtMhin 
in  Ulfter  co.  New'Yorki  See  Man- 
kertKgb. 

N  h  w-  Mar  lboro  vcn,  Berklhire  co. 
Maflachufctts.  It  is  13  miles  louthward 
ofLenox.and  i44S.W.byW.  of  Boftcin. 

New  Marlboro voB,  a  town  in 
KtngOeo^'s  co.  Virginia,  on  the  weft 
fulc  of  Patownuc- river,  10  iniles  caft  of 
Falmcuth. 

Nsw-Meapows  iti««r,  b  the  Pif- 

trift 


\ 


vy 


N  B  W 


V» 


frM  of  M»lMt  ■  watir  of  Cafco  Bay. 
Mvipbk  for  YtfTcU  of  •  con6dcrabl« 
kardtM  •  AmH  dUtaact.  SfCaJi^-Msf. 

Nlw.MixiGO.    BttMixie0, 

Ntw-MiLroKU|  a  poft-tow«of  Con> 
MAknt,  Litchfield  eo.  oil  Um  caAtni 
fide  of  Houfatonick  river,  about  i4 
mite*  norrh  of  Danhury,  to  fouth*wcft 
of  Litchfield,  and  5a  W.  by  tt.  W.  of 
Hartford. 

NiWNHAM  CMfit.  ^NtwtHkam. 

Niw.NoaTH-WALis.  8«cir«//i, 
and  Nfw-Brkmh. 

Nrw-Oriiani,  the  mctropolle  of 
Lo'^ifian^,  was  regularly  laid  out  by  the 
French  in  the  year  17*0,  on  the  eaM 
fide  of  the  river  MUnrippi,  in  lat.  30.  a. 
north,  and  long.  19.  53.  wctk  1  iX  milei 
from  Detour  dct  Angioit,  or  Eiiglifli 
Turn,  and  105  mil?  1  trom  the  Baliae  nt 
tha  mouth  of  the  rtver.  All  the  ftreeta 
are  pcrfeAly  ftraisht  but  too  narrow, 
and  crofs  each  other  at  right  anglee. 
There  vrti«,  in  17IB,  i^too  houfea  in 
thia  town*  generally  built  with  timber 
framea,  railed  about  I  fiect  from  the 
ground  with  large  galleriea  round  them, 
and  the  cellara  under  the  floora  Uvel 
with  the  ground}  any  fahten-anepus 
buildinga  would  lie  conllantly  full  of 
water.  Moft  of  the  houfea  have  gar- 
dens. Tn  March,  17SI,  thia  town,  by 
a  fire,  waa  reduced  in  five  houra  to  soe 
houfea.  It  haa  fince  been  rebuilt.  The 
fide  next  the  river  ia  open,  and  ia  fecur- 
ed  from  the  inundationa  of  tlie  river,  by 
a  raifed  bank,  generally  called  the  levee, 
which  extenda  from  the  Englilh  Turn, 
to  the  tipper  fettlements  of  the  (Jer- 
mana,  a  aiftance  of  more  than  50  mi'es, 
with  a  good  road  all  the  way.  There 
ia  rearon  to  believe  that  in  a  fliort  time 
New-Orleana  may  become  a  great  and 
opuleift  city,  if  we  confider  the  advan- 
tagea  of  its  fituation,  but  a  few  leaguea 
from  the  fea,  on  a  noble  river,  in  a  moft 
fertile  country,  under  a  moft  delightful 
and  whoiefume  climate,  within  a  weeks 
liiil  of  Mexico,  and  ftill  nearer  the 
French,  Spaniili,  and  Britiih  Weft-India 
iflands,  with  a  moral  certainty  of  its 
btconiing  a  general  receptacle  for  the 
produce  of  titat  extenfive  and  valuable 
ooMitry  on  the  Miflirippi,  Ohio,  and  its 
iDtfaer  branches  ;  all  which  are  much 
more  than  fufficient  to  eoi'ure  the  future 
wealth,  power,  and  profperity  of  this 
city.  I'h^  veflela  which  fail  up  the 
Mtflifippi  haul  clofe  along  fide  the  bank 


*\ 


^ 
« 


NBW  )if 

MBK  .10   nWR^VrNHWi  M  WniB  (■■l, 

imdu  fsAt  Md  tdta  toar4tfikM9i  IM 

wharf.  T  >^ 

Ntw.FALTtt  •  tMMfhtii  hi  UMir 
eo.  Ne«v»York>  hnnnAiit  atfbrly  ly 
Hiidroa  ritrti,  fbntlHriy  W  M«rU£ 
roMgh  and  SbawaMWlk.  It  coMtjM 
atio9  iahabitamt,  iiif.hdfaig  tga  fbmm. 
The  eompoft  part  •!  U  h  fittipMl  «i| 
tka  aaftem  fid*  ol  Wall-KUU^ariiTiaiu 
uina  about  ase  hooiiM  aad  •  thtm 
church.  1<  i$  10  mika  ffom  SImmmmi* 
gunkt  14  fiMfthariy  of  Kingiloa*  tm 
KNith.wefk  of  Rhinabtck,  mi  So  vimk* 
north- weft  of  New. York . 

NiWFtMiT,  a  townliip«f  Navikteo* 
tia,  in  Hanta  co.  on  tba  rhmr  Avm> 
The  rond  from  Halifiuc  fUM  pwt  •(  tif 
way  between  tlii^  townfkip  wd  V^ni* 
fori  and  haa  fitttlemcma  m  it  at  car* 
Uin  diftnncea* 

NswroRT,  t  "twnfhSjf*  inChifhirt 
«o.  N«w>HampAik. .,  aaft  of  Clarmionta 
It  waa  incorporated  in  17611  and  con* 
tain  7I0  inuabitanta. 

Newport,  a  maritiim county  of  tiM 
State  of  Rhode>Ifland|  cofBprflitndiNg 
Rhodc-IAand,  Cannonicut,  A^kt  ?!»• 
<lence,  and  fcvcivl  other  fhiali  idanda. 
It  is  divided  into  feven  townfhipa,  «n^ 
containa  14,300  inbabitantf*  iocludi^f 
366  flavea. 

NiwpORT,  th«  chief  town  of  thia 
county,  and  the  femi-mctropolia  of  tho 
State  of  Rhodclflandi  ftanda  on  tha 
foMth-wcft  end  of  Rhodclfland,  ahott 
S  milea  from  the  fea.  Ita  harbowf^ 
^which  ia  one  of  the  fineft  in  the  world) 
ipreada  weftward  before  the  towiu. 
rh^  entrance  it  cafy  and  fiife,  and  « 
large  fleet  may  anchor  in  it  and  rkk  iA  i^, 

pertieft  fccurity.  It  is'  pivbable  thia 
may,  in  fome  future, period,  beeomit 
one  of  the  man-of>war  pprtt  of  the  A- 
merioan  empire.  The  town  liet  north 
and  Ibuth  upon  a  gradual  afcent  aa  y<w 
proceed  eaftward  from  the  water,  ani 
exhibits  a  beautiful  view  from  the  bar* 
Iwur,  and  from  the  neighbouring  htlk 
which  lie  weftwani  upon  the  main. 
Weft  of  the  town  is  Goat-Ifland,  oil 
which  ia  Fort  Wafhington.  It  haa  beep  , 
lately  repaii-ed  and  a  citadel  prcAed  in 
it.  The  fort  has  been  ceded  (o  tht 
united  States.  Between  Goajt-Iflan^ 
and  Rhode-lftand  is  the  harbour.  Newi* 
port  containa  about  1,000  houfes,  buik 
chiefly  of  wood.    It  baa  |0  hov^ea  f^r 

public 


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gAUe  wcuriiiM  4  ftr  Baptifts,  t  te 
lbm^«nMWMaito,i  one  for  Epifcopa- 
ltt»«  fMM  Mm  QsHtkcn,  one  for  Mort' 

viaiM,  and  one  lor  Jewt.  The  other 
fdUk  iMild'mare  a  ftare-lioult^  gnd 
«i  edifice  for  M  public  library.  The 
ficwiiont  foriwaml  arohtte^re  of  the 
ftaie-hoaft,  give  h  a  pleafing  ai^peir" 
•Me.  It  ftaikfo  fofficiently  ckvated^ 
MdHrlong  wharf  and  paved  parade  lead 

»«o  it  firon  the  harbour.     Front  or 
Wcr  Areet  ia  a  mile  ifi  length.    Here 
irirflouriitii^  academy,  under  the  di- 
ineftion  of'  a  rciftor  and  tutors,  who 
^  uitk  difc'jeanied'laagttage*,  Englilh 

^;^  graitimar,  geography,  &c.  A  marine 
tebidjr'waseftabliflwdhere  in  157a,  for 
tttt  relief  «f  difHfied  widows  and  or- 
fhuMf'andioch  of  their  Ibciety  as  may 
Mbl  relief.    Thiacity,  far  famed  for 

S-baauiy  of  its  fituation  and  the  &\u- 
ty  of  its  climate,  is  no  iefs  remarkable 
for  the  great  variety  and  excellent  qua- 
Vtcf  of  frefh  fi(h  which  the  market  fiir- 
niiies  at  all  lie»ror>«  of  the  year.  No 
leTs  than  fixty  different  kiiids  have  been 
Wttduced  in  this  marker.  The  excel- 
wnt  accomodations  .  and  regulations  of 
tiie  numerous  packets,  whidi  belong  to 
thia  port,  ami  ^hich  ply.th«nce  to  Pro. 
%idenee  and  Ne^-Vork,  are  worthy  of 
IMtice*  They  4i*  faid,  by  European 
travellers,  to  be  filperior  to  any  thing 
«f  the<  khid  in  Ettrope.  This  town, 
•lehovgh  greatly  injured  by  the  late 
war,  and-  its  coufequences,  has  a  cond' 
icrahle  trade.  A  cotton  and  duck 
•MaataAory  have  been  lately  dhbliOi- 
l|d.  The  ex^  ort«  tor  a  year,  ending 
^ut.  30,  170A.  amounted  to  3ii,xoo 
dollars.  It  wa>  .  ;ft  fettled  by  Mr. 
'William  Coddin^on,  afterwards  go- 
iremor,  and  the  father  of  Riiode-Ifland, 
'<Hth  17  othersf  in  16^9.  It  is  30 
mnles  8.  by  E.  of  Providence,  14  foiith- 
m»A\  of  Srifto),  75  ii^  W.  by  S.  of  Bof- 
ct'i,  113  £.  N.  E»  of  Ne*  Haven,  and 
«f  i\  N.  B.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
'iMi  bt.  4.1.  t9.  W.  long.  fixNn  Greenwich 

71.17. 

Newport,  a  fmall  poft  town  in 
4iewcaftle  co.  Delaware  \  litiiated  on  the 
•north  fide  of  Cliriftiana  Creek,  three 
•miles  W.  of  Wifmington.  It  contains 
nbout  soo  inhabitants,  ami  caiTJes  on  a 
^coniiderable  trade  with  Philadelphia,  in 
■flour.  It  is  6  miles  N.  £.  by  N.  of 
^hriftiana  Bridge,  and  31  S.  W.  of 
^ihddfhiA. 


i!r  E  tO^ 

KkwroATt  a  towaihtp  ih  Luzunr 
00.  Pennfylnwii. 

Nbwpo»t»  a  finatl  poA'.towtt  in 
Charles,  eo.  Maryland,  ri  miles  S«£. 
of  Fort  Tobacco,  94. 8.  by  W.  of  Bal- 
timoK,  and  195  Ibuth-weft  of  Fhila* 
ddplua. 

Newport.  See^  rfJFigttCmm^ 
tyt  Virginia. 

Newport,  a  very  thriving  lettle- 
ment  in  Liberty  co.  Geoigia,  fituated 
on  a  uavigable  creek;  34  miles  footh  of 
Savannah,  and  7  or  I  fouth  of  weft 
from  Sunbury.  This  place,  commonly 
known  by  the  name  of  Nrvaport  Bridgt, 
is  the  rival  of  Sunbury,  and  comoMUKia 
the  principal  part  of  the  traiie  of  the 
whole  county*  A  poft-office  is  kept 
here. 

NEW'RivBRy  a  river  of  Tenneflecy 
«»hich  ri&s  on  the  north  fide  of  tbe  Al- 
leghany mountaiasy  and  running  a 
north  eaft  coarft  cntera  ¥irginia»  and  ie 
called  Kanhaway )  which  k<. 

New-RochblItI,  a  towndiip  i» 
Weft-Chefter  co.  New-York,  on  Loag-  \ 
Ifland  Sound.  It  contained  69a  inl»-  ^ 
bitants,  of  whom  S9  were  fUives,  in 
1790.  1.1  1 796,  there  were  100  of  the 
inhabitants  av'\lified  eleAers.  It  is  6 
miles  S.  W.  of  Kye,  and  ao  north-caft> 
erly  of  New- York  city. 

New-Salem,  tx  Pe^itinkt  a  Mo- 
ravian /ettlement,  formed  in  1786,  on 
theE.  fide  of  Huron  river,  which  rune 
northward  into  Lake  Erie. 

New-Salem,  a  townfhip  in  Hamp. 
^(hire  co.  Mtkflachufetts,  boimdcd  E.  by 
the  vireft  line  of  Worcefter  co.  It  waa 
incorporated  in  1753,  and  containa 
1543  inhabitants.  It  is  S5  miks  W. 
by  N.  of  Bofton. 

New-Salem,  a  townibip  in  Rocie- 
in^ham  county,  New*Hamp(hii!b,  ad- 
joining Pelham  and  Haverhill. 

New-Savannah,  a  village  in  Burke 
CO.  Georgia,  on  the  S.  W.  bank  of  the 
Savannah,  la  miles  S.  E.  of  A\tgulla. 

New-Shoreham.  SeeJ/dfil-y^iik/. 

New-Smyrna  Entranctt  ouMoJkiU 
Met,  on  the  coaft  of  Florida,  ia  about 
II  leagues  north-north-weft,  \  weft 
from  Cape  Canaverel. 

New-Sovth- Wales.  See  Wmles 
and  Nnu  Britmn. 

New-Spain.   See  Mixico, 

New-Stockbridoe.  See  Stock- 
bridge  Netv. 

NEWSWftpELAND,  wat  ^  OMM- 

of 


NffW 

lK  ^  iMtPiy  bMwMcn  Vtrpn!*  tMdf 
New-York^  when  in  jMAifiion  of  the 
Swcdn,  aud  vn»  st«erwmvdt  pofltflcd, 
«r  rather  claimed  by  the  Dutch.  The 
«bief  town  wif  called  GMWftMjr. 

New-Thambs  Bivtr.  Sec  ^«mm. 

NswTON)  a  pieaTant  tewnfliip  in 
Mktdlefcx  coi  Mtftclutfca*.  fitnated 
oil  Charlet  river»  and  a  9  inmt  weft  of 
Bofton.  It  wa«  incorporated  in  1691, 
and  containc  1.360  inhabitul^■ 

NewtoNi  a  fmall  town  in  Chefter 
CO,  PBRnfyliraBia,  as  mtks  ibuth  of  Phi> 
ladelphia. 

NswTOMy  a  townAiip  in  Kocking- 
ham  CO..  New-ffompfhirei  on  Powow 
river,  adjoining  Aimiburyt  in  MaiiU- 
chufetts,  10  or  IS  miles  foutherly  of 
Exetvr,  and  s6  from  Portfinouth.  It 
W8<  incorpocated  in  i749»  ^  contains 
530  inhabitants. 

J^EWTOWN,  a  poft-itown  in  Fairfield 
«o.  Conne£licut,  9  miles  eaft*noith-eaft 
vf  Dan'oury,  s6  \wft<noAh- weftof  Kew- 
Haven»  61  fouch-weft  of  Hartford,  and 
80  nork-eaft  of  New.  York.  The  town 
ftands  pleafantly  on  an  elevated  fpot) 
and  was  fettled  in  1708. 

Newtown,  on  Stntenlflatid,  New- 
York,  is  3  miles  N.  £^  of  Oid.Town^ 
as  far  eaft  of  Richmond,  and  9  ibuth- 
wefterl '  of  New- York. 

Newtown,  atownAiip  in  Queen's 
CO.  New- York,  includes  ail  the  iliands 
in  the  Sound  oppofite  the  fame.  It  is 
about  8  miles  euft  of  New- York,  and 
contains  s,iit  inhabitants,  including 
533  flaves. 

Newtown^  a  townfliip  in  Weft- 
Chefter  co.  New- York  {  of  whofe  inha> 
bitants  s7i  are  elc6Vars. 

Newtown,  a  townfliip  in  Tioga  co. 
New.  York,  lies  between  the  fouth  end 
of  Seneca  Lake  and  Tioga  river }  ha- 
ving  Chemung  townfliip  eaft,  from 
which  it  was  taken,  and  incorporated  in 
1791.  In  1796,  169  of  its  inhabitants 
were  ele6tor8. 

NEWTOW^',  a  townfliip  in  Gloucirf- 
ter  CO.  New-Jerliry. 

Newtown,  the  (eat  of  juftice  in 
'Siifil'X  CO.  New  Jerfey,  is  alraut  to  miles 
S,  E,  of Sandyft.n.  " 

Newtown,  the  capital  of  Bucks  co. 
Penniylvmiiu  It  contains  a  Piefliyte- 
rian  church,  a  ftene  ^ol,  a  court  houfe, 
an  academy,  and  about  $0  houfes.  It 
was  fettled  in  17x5,  and  is  to  miles  W. 
«f  TMi^tMii  i»Ncw-j«riey|  and  30  N. 


HEW 


fit 


&  by  N;  of  PhikdcipMa.  Therein 
two  oAunr  towaflMys  of  Ah  nrnm^-illki^ 
one  HI  Delaware  <o.  thrcttair  iii.dMI  «l 
Cumberland.  -^ii 

Ni  WTO  wil  j  a  finatl  tf«MiofVtf|^Miii»' 
fitoatcd  in  F'^dcrick  ce>.  bttwwiu  ^ 
north  and  foutt.  ofaacbct  of  Shimaiidaii? 
river)  7naietfe«th«f  Winehei»r»a«l 
173  north-aorthi-wsft  of  RldtiMMiw 

Nbw>Utrbcmt<  a  finaM"  liMritimi 
town  of  New.  York,  fittnted  in  Xhig'i 
CO.  Long.Ifland,  oppofite  the mnrrowii^ 
and  7  miles  foutb  of  Nmr-'^ovk  <ity«f 
The  whole  townftip  ^bntiihia  s6i  hm» 
bitants  {  of  whoih  76  are  quamed  «tfet>* 
tors,  and  so 6  flaws.    ' 

Ne  W' WiNDSOB,  atowiMiij^Olie^ 
CO.  New  Yt>rk,  pleafaiiKly  filiated  ota 
the  W.  hank  of  Hodfim  lifer,  J]g^ 
above  the  high  lands,  3  miles touJnef 
Newburgh,  and  6  north  of  We^  Points 
It  contains  iSto  inhabitants  ^  of  wH^ 
a6i   are  qualified   efeAoirs*   and  117 
ilaves.    A  valuable  fet  of  «N>Htfe  in  AM' 
town  fin*  manufa£hiring  fcyttNi  wfre 
deftroyed  by  fire.    In  1795,  ttie  kfAAw^' 
ture  granted  the  unfiirttmate  peoprntor^ 
Mr.  Boyd,  ^.tseototasftkhim  tongut 
cftabliflt  them.    The  conipaft  pan!''o|F 
the  town  contains  about  40  houlirB  and 
a  Prefbyterian  church,  64  miles  H,^  e£. 
New. York.    The  fummer  refldehee  ot 
Gov.  Clinton  was  formerly  at  a  rural ' 
feat,  on  tl\e  margin  of  the  river,  at  thif ' 
pi.Tce. 

Nb  W-Wbe  nth  A  w,  Diftrift  pfh^inci 
a  townfliip  6  ^niles  E.  of  Penebfi^dt  fi- 
ver, adjoining  Oniiigton^  and  15  miiiit^' 
from  Buckfion.   ' 

New  YEAR.'sifdr&o»r,  on  thennrth 
coaft  of  Staten  Land'Ifland,  at  the  foutft 
extremity  of  S.  Ambriea,  affbrds  wood' 
and  goodwater ;  was  dilcover^  JM.  t, 
1775  i  hence  its  name.  S.  lit.  54. 49; 
weft  long.  64.  II. 

New  Year's  ^ff:/r,near  fheabovc 
harbour,  within  which  is  anchorage  at , 
north  half  weft  from  the  harbour,  actht.; 
diltance  of  i  leagues  from  it. 

NEW  YORK,  one  of  the  Unita 
States  of  America,  is  iituated  bctwcetl-^ 
lat  40.  40.  and  45.  north,  and  betweeif ' 
long.  73.   10.  and  80.  wdl;  Is  abottt 
3  50  miles  hi  length,  and  300  in  breadth  ^' 
bounded  Ibuth-eaftcrly  by  the  Atlrffltle'' 
Ocean}  eaft  by  Connecticut,  Mafihchu- 
ietts,  and  Vermont }   north  by  Upper 
Canada ;  foutk-weft  and  weft  by  Pent* 
lylnuiia^  New*  jeifey  and  Lake  Brie.  li^ 

i». 


0gA  :|Ufe|f  %i  tttuotfM  nMi 

tJlfteft  DotcheTa,  C6hmiSi«» 

^^ rir^llRflitMgMn»  Clmtony  8ara' 

«|pfi*<  iltlb^{r»Monttfon^  Hcrkemtri; 
<tentii<l|n»  Qtt«go#Oyttario,  and  Tiog«« 
Jk  iM(^  jfttii^at?  Morained  340^1*0 
mtkmm^'iA  ^rftom  »1>1<4^  were 
fHlfit  tliat  (ktrtod  tlw  countin  of 
„jwr>  SaiMoga^  HevkcmMr,  Onon. 
^„->  Olfcgak  <»hl  Tioga  bave  been  u- 
lMi»'&«lii  tSeotliercouiitica.  In  179.6, 
■WlwiliwB  «» the  GCata  ceitfua^  there  were 
^0«>Mwiiittpe»  aiAcI  64»0ST  qualified 
dwbra.  EMAora  in  thit  State  are  divi- 
4i#{«f*4te  MkmiDK  claifti  t 

Ik  it  >4tfiicoU  to  afccrtain  aceuratdy 
«hr  piviier^oa.  the  number  of  ekAors 
%nfs  to  tae  Whf4emimbcr  of  inhabitants 
iK  !)»•  fimt'  in  tlic  county  of  Herke- 
nanr  tbt  4eftora  to  t|if  whole  number  of 
iahal^taiiu  ««•»  in  1795,  nearly  aa  i  to 
f,  Irnt  tliia  piopmtiou  wtU  not  hoJd 
[htht  State.  In  1 790  the  number 
fWnta  in  the  State  was»  as  al- 
Qwntioncdt  940*1  «o,  of  whom 
^tfti  '"*'»  elef^ors.  In  1795  the 
mnbdr  of  cle^iu-a  was  64,017,  which, 
if  t|M>  pnOMrtioo  between  the  eleiilprs 
and  the.  4»Me  nwnber  of  inhabitants  be 
the  flunck  gtveai  aa  the  whole  number  of 
ioltabhams  fat  1795,  530,177,  an  in 
omfef  in  5  years,  of  190,057. 

The  cbiefrivirrs  areHuiifon,  Mohawk 
«ld  dieir  branches.    The  rivers  Dela- 

Spia  and  Sulquehannab,  rite  in  this 
ite*  The  principal  lakes  are  Otlcgo, 
Oti^viM^  Qeorgci  Seneca,  Cayuga^  Salt, 
and  Chitutaugbque.  The  principal  bay 
ia  that  of  York,  which  fpreads  to  the 
(bittliwanl  before  the  city  of  New- York. 
The  Icgiflature  of  New. York,  iliinu- 
Ittcd  by  the  fnterprizing  and  a^ive 
Fenhiyivanians,  who  are  competitors 
for  th«  trade  of  the  weftem  country, 
have  lately  granted  very  liberal  fumt, 
towards  improving  thoie  roads  that  tra* 
varft  the  mott  fettled  paits  0/  the  coun- 
tfy,  and  opening  i'uch  as  lead  into  the 
WNftcrn  anu  northern  parts  of  the  State, 
imitiog  as  far  is  pomble  the  eftablifli- 
roents  on  Hudiun's  river,  and  the  moft 
populous  pacta  of  the  interior  country 
•y  the  qaaref^  jgra^icab^e  diftances.  By 


KStW 

lot  liabltAmsikiaof^-italf  a  AH^ 
VSA  tf  ireft  >ipf«]Bmc»  is  op«i^  .b«4 
t«M|B  tkii  mdk-mmat  weftem  pavts  of 
thHl^tst«»«lid  thvCcftitl  State*  i»tho 
Union  (  «mt  witen  t)laebAraAi«ia  be* 
twacnHudfimVriMi'  and  l«idci  Ontario 
are  cfmovcd,  tbara  will- not  be  a  great 
deal  to.dotoconiitmjfc  the  watttrt'eom^ 
muniaatiao.by  tbe  fak^  and  tlirougir 
Illinoia  titer  to  tha  Mifliiipjii.  New. 
York^  to  iiMak  generally,  ia  mterfefted 
by  ridgca  of  m«>uiit|ias  extending  in  a 
N.  %,  and  S^  W.  dir^Oaon.  B^nd 
the  All^any  Mountains,  however,  the 
country  la  level,  of  •  fine  rich  foil,  co« 
vered  In  its  natnral  ftate  with-map)e» 
bctcb,  birch*  cheny,  black  wahtut,  lo. 
cuft,  hickonr,  and  umie  mulberry  trees. 
On  the  banks  cf  Lake  Eric  are  a  few 
chefimt  and  oak  ridoes.  Hemlock 
I'wampa  are  intcrlDcrfed  thinly  through 
the  coiuttrv.    All  the  creeks  that  emp- 

2  into  Lake  Erie  have  falls,  which  af- 
.  rd  many  excellent  mill-feats.  The 
lands  between  the  Seneca  and  Cayuga 
Lake*,  are  reprelented.  as  uncommoiu^ 
excellent,  beiiw  moft  agreeably  diveru- 
fied  with  gentle  rifinea,  and  timbered 
with  Jofty  trees,  with  little  underwood. 
The  Icgiflature  have  granted  a  million 
and  a  half  acres  of  land,  as  a  gratuity 
to  the  officers  and  fddiers  of  the  line  of 
this  State.  Tbift  traft ,  fonns  the  mili- 
tary townfliipa  of  the  county  af  Qnonda. 


Kill,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Hudfiw^a  river, 
the  country  is  broke*  into  bills  with 
rich  intervening  valUcs.  The  hills  are 
doathed  thick  with  timber,  and  when 
cleared  aflbrd  fine  paftur?)  the  vallles, 
when  cultivated,  produce  wheat,  hemp, 
flax,  peas,  grafs,  oati,  Indian  com,  &c» 
Of  tiie  commodities  produced  from  cul- 
ture, wheat  is  the  principal.  Indian 
corn  and  peas  are  likcwlfe  railed  for  ex- 
portation) and  rye,  oats,  barley,  &c»/ 
for  home  confumption.  The  beft  landa 
in  the  State,  along  Mohawk  river,  and 
north  of  it  and  weft  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  but.  a  few  years  ago  wa» 
moftly  in  a  (late  of  nature,  but  has  bftn 
of  late  rapidly  fettling.  In  the  northern 
and  unfettled  parts  of  the  State  are  plen-  ' 
ty  of  mooA,  deer,  beara,  fonic  beavers, 
maptins,  and  moft  other  of  tbe  inhabi- 
tants of  the  foreft,  except  wolves*  The 
BaUftovriH  Saratoga,  and.  Ji^cw  Lebar  J 

non 


pMteof 
Ontario 


^  ,     _  it  ffiw  W  go»« 

neft  to  tlMt  Mdm^  fppiii  Tui)i>  111- 
ukI.  Thv  ^»^t  ^r  »  buM  of  tN 
ait  19  I  s<n>*  A  tpM  it  lartKOitcd  to 
hareWii  df&moMMthi  SuMaelian- 
nah  cou|it»r»  irop^wMttccI  wim  il^kre, 
from  yfh«n  Alt-pnre  !■  made  in  tlie 
fanw  mAhQcr  that  commsn  61t  it  ipiuie 
fi-om   the  t)iio<i(la|ro  fprings.     Iaijc 

?uantitie9  of  -iran  oie  «ce  found  here. 
I  Alvcmiine  hai  been  worked  at  ]E^hiU 
lipfbnrgt  vrhich  produced  virgin  filver. 
licad  is  found  inHerJcemer  county,  and 
fulphifr  iaMontgonieryt  Spar,  sink  or 
fpelter,  ii  iemt-nietal»  ina|;ncx»  ufcd  in 
gla«uDg«,  pyrites  of  a  goUcn  hue^  va- 
rious kinds  of  copper  ore>  and  lead'^afid 
coal  mines,  are  found  in  this  State,  alfo 
petrified  wood,  plafter  of  Paris,  ifing. 
giafs  in  flieets,  talcs,  and  cryftals  of  va- 
rious kinds  aiid  colours,  Aint,  aAeftos, 
and  fcveral'other  fbflUs.  A  final!  black 
ftone  has  alfo  been  found,  which  vitri- 
fies with  a  f^nail  heat,  and  it  is  faid 
makes  excellent  glafs.  The  chief  manu- 
faftures  are  iron,  glafs,  paper,,pot  and 
pearl  afbes,  earthen  ware,  maple  fugar 
and  moli^es,  and  the  cititensin  general 
manufa6bire  their  own  cloathiug.  This^ 
State,  having  a  fluMrt  and  eafy  accefs  to' 
the  ocdan,  commands  the  trade  of  a 

freat  pn^portion  of  fhe  beft  fettled  and 
efl  cultivaced,parts  of  the  United  States. 
Their  exports  to  the  Weft-Indies  are, 
bifouit,,peaa,  Indian-:Com»  apples,  oni- 
ons, boards,  ftaves,  horfes,  Uieep,  but- 
ter, eheefe,  pickled  oyftera,  beef  and 
pork.  But  wheat  is  the  (laple  commo- 
dity of  the  State,  of  which  no  lefa  than 
^77>700  bufhels  were  exported  lb  Tong 
ago  as  the  year  1 77  5,  befides  3,5  55  tons 
ot  bread,  and  %%%t  tons  of  flour.  The 
increaie  (ince  has  been  in  proportion  to 
the  increaie  of  the  population.  In  wheat 
and  flour  about  a  million  bufbels  are  now 
annually  exported.  Weft-India  goods 
are  received  in  return  for  the  above  ar- 
ticles. Befides  the  articles  already  enu- 
merated are  exported  flax-feed,  cotton, 
wool,*  farfapariUa,  coffee,  indigo,  rice, 
pig-iron,  bar-iron,  pot-alh,  pearKalh, 
lurs,  deer-lkin,  log  wood,  fuflic'.  maho- 
gany, bees-wax,  oil^'Madeira  wine,  ram, 
tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  whale-fins,  fifli, 
fugars,  molaflef ,  lalt,  tobacco,  lard,  kc. 
but  moft  of  thefe  articles  are  imported 


H^W 


^fJi4»79P  ,«WJ|.    n  flip*    «7A»*- 

which  fh*  nndi  «nployMt:7air  tf^m 
40,000  tana  of  |i)r^ign  fd^U-  .HwiP 
are  in  this  S(««e»  %W9  ^aaidjSmm  9^ 
dowed  and  ^oi^i(Im|W  qa)u«ea,  y  19;  Co- 
lumbia, ^m^ta  angVjQijIlegss,  ii 
the  city  of  NewnYork,  and  UiMon  (««(^ 
lege,  at  Schene^di^,  %.  Mm?TMk 
Ci^,  and  $ebimf$adj.  Bdidps  iknii, 
there  are  di(ip«|rf(|Kl',ln  dUEsr^pM;  {>«r^-«f 
the  State)  14  jncpq^ofated  AcideHii««^ 
containiiig  in'  t|ie  ?|[)u4e,  as  nmfty  m  C 
or  700  fhidentji.  th«4  w^tk  tbfi  HftlM- 
blilhnieni^of  £j)ool||,  pne  ^  ln^iaic!iM|r 
diftria  of  4f«maite  .m|lq«>  JW^Mil- 
mon  branches  of  educattont  mitft.  hum 
the  moft  beneflcial.«|Ee^  om  tKe  ftate 
offociety.  iThe  fuqu  ||r;uUml,^y  tW 
legiflature  of  this  Stj^e  1^  the  fpij:otMitg«^ 
ment  of  Ut(»«ture  fln^  tt)e  ypg^  17^ 
have  been  veiy  liberal  aijd  is  ji;viw»Teof 
the  wifeft  policy^  ,IncM«rch>;>790»ithe 
leeiflature  «tfuited  to  th^j^g^s^iftt^ 
Univerfity,  who  have^y  law  the  Aiper- 
intendance  and  managcmpt  of  the  Mtet- 
rauire  of  the  State,  fever^l  lajKge  lUtfl 
valiiable  tra£lt  of  land,  on 'the  waters  tif 
Lakes  Ceorge  and  Champlain>  and  alfp 
Govemor^s  Ifland  in  the  harbour  of 
New-York,  with  intent  that  the  ren^ 
and  income  thereof  fliould  be  by  thmi 
applied  to  the  advancement  ot  liter- 
ature. M  the  (xm  ]time  diey  grant- 
ed them  if  lObo  cuiTcncy,  for  the  fame 
general  purpoie.  In  April,  179s,  tiny 
ordered  to  be  paid  to  the  Regents, 
;C«5oo  for  enlarging  the  library,  ,f»oo 
tor  a  chemical  apparatus,  ^ixoo  for 
creeling  a  wall  to  fupport  the  college 
grounds,  and  £s°oo  tor  erefting  a  haU 
and  an  additional  wing  to  the  college  t 
Alfo  £1500  aninnilly  for  5  years  to  be 
dilcretionally  diflributed  among  the  aca- 
demies of  the  State.  Alfo  £;so,  for  5 
years,  to  be  applied  to  the  payment  -of 
the  falaries  of  additional  profeflbrs.  In 
their  lelTtons,  fince  1795*  the  Aims  they 
have  granted  for  the  fupport  of  the  coj. 
leges,  academies,  and  of  common  fchools 
A  a  through. 


, 


ft*  >y  B  W 

6iM#«$l'(licitate»1im  hwn  vtity  lU 

jmr^rht  m^*  mu  or  dcubmi. 

ItkiiiBiis  M^  Steteirc,  EnwliA  Fnlby. 
MteMi  Dutch  Ktfbnned,  BiiptAU,  t- 
)nf(XMdiUM'^  Frieadt  or  Qlrak<^,  Ger- 
niii  bithWimt  MbniTlmt^eihodiftt, 
UttmA  CMhblfCf ^  Sbakert,  i  i«w  fol- 
iMptttof  JeMttta  WHkmroA  st  Gene- 
W*«m1  feh«  |^.|i>  tWi  ^ity  of  New- 
Vdrk.  The  itv^ty  of  this  State  U  one 
of  the  riieheft  in  the  Uirioii.  The  trea- 
Ihrer.  of  the  State  repdrted  to  the  legifla- 
tliito  ID  -Jan.  tn6,  that  the  funds  a- 
niiftuDtedtb  a, ti9,o6t dollars,  jjcents* 
*«rh!ch  yieidt  ah  annuity  of  lUftiS 
mk.  Befides  the  above  immente  lum, 
#ere  wat  at  t!iat  period  in  the  trealtiry 
^t|f(4d^»7  1 9t.  I o|d.  currency.  The 
iibmY^  the  State,  therefore,  is  abun- 
dantly centpiBtent  to  aid  public  inftitu- 
cions  of  every  hind,  to  make  roads, 
^reft  bridges,  open  canals,  and  pufli  eve- 
lykinii  Of  improvement  to  the  moft  de- 
OraMe  kn^h.  The  body  of  the  Six 
•liMloM  et  Indians  inhabit  the  weftem 
part  il  this  State.    See  Six  Natietu, 

TIte  EngIKh  language  is  generally 
fpoken  throughout  the  State,  but  is  not 
a  little  cormpted  by  the  Dutch  dialeft, 
«4i!<!h  is  ftlU  fpoken  in  fome  counties, 
particuhurly  m  King^s,  Ulfter,  Albany, 
ahd  that  part  of  Orange  which  lies  S.  of 
liie  qnownuinf.  But  as  Dutch  fchools 
are^  Mrtwft,  if  not  «>hoIly  difcontinued, 
thitt  language,  in  a  few  generations,  will 
^baMy  ceafe  to  be  uied  at  all.  And 
the  incttafe'of  Englilh  fctoolshas  al- 
ready had  a  perceptible  effeft  in  the  im- 
mtyvement  of  the  Englifli  language. 
Beiides  the  Dutch  mxTEngliA,  there 
are  in  this  State  many  emignutts  from 
<6cotlaiid,  Ireland,  Germany,  and  fome 
few  fhmi  France.  Many  Germans  are 
lettled  on  the  Mohawrk,  and  fome  Scots 
people  on  the  Hudfon,  in  the  county  of 
.vVafliington.  The  principal  part  of 
the  two  former  fettled  in  the  city  of 
New-Tbukj  and  retain  the  manners, 
the  religion,  and  fome  of  theaa  the  Ian- 
■uage  of  their  refpeAive  covintries. 
The  French  emigrants  fettled  princi- 
pally at  New-Rochelle)  and  on  Staten- 
Ifland,  and  their  defcendants,  ieveral  of 
them,  now  fill  fome  of  the  higheft  offi- 
ces in  the  United  States.  The  weftern 
parts  of  the  States  are  fettled  and  fettling 
principally  from  New-England.  There 
are  three  incorporated  cities  in  this 
State*  New>York,  Albany,  and  Hudfon. 


NEW 

Nitv.Yoiti  GMHtfyy  In  tte  above 
State,  cottjpehen^g  (he  iftmd  of 
(M».Yorft,  or  Mafihattau,  on  Which 
the  metropofts  flands,  and  the  following 
linall  ifllinds  <  Grtet  Barn,  tittle.  Bam, 
Maiifling's,  Kutten,  Bedfo«f%  Back, 
ing,  aiul  Oyfter  Tihinds.  It  icb^tuned, 
in  1790,  S3i>3'  inhabitants,  including 
a}69  flaves.  Nmr,  in  ifs6p  tlie  num- 
ber of  Inhabitants  amoimts  to  about 
70,600,  of  whom  7,17a  are  qualified 
eleftors.  "^J 

Mew- York  Gtj  is  fittiared  on  die  ^ 
S.  W.  point  of  York  ifland,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  Hudfon  and  Eafl  rivei^ji,  and 
is  the  metropolis  of  the  State  of  its  nam'e, 
and  the  fecond  in  rank  in  the  Union. 
The  length  of  the  city  on  Baft  river  is 
upwards  of  two  miles,  and  rapidly  in- 
creafing,  bat  falls  fhortofthat  diftance 
on  the  binkft  of  the  Hudfon.  Irs 
breadth  on  an  average,  is  about  a  mife ; 
and  its  circumference,  4  or  5  niile». 
The  plan  of  tlie c  y  is  not  perfeAly  re- 
gular, but  is  laid  out  with  reference 
to  the  fhuation  of  the  ground.  T^e 
ground  which  was  unoccupied  before 
the  peace  of  17X3,  was  laid  out  in  paral. 
lei  ftrects  of  convenient  width,  which  ha» 
had  a  good  efFeft  upon  the  parts  of  the 
city  lately  built.  The  principal  ftreets 
run  nearly  parallel  with  the  rivers. 
Thefe  are  mterfeAed,  thougl)  not  at 
right  angles,  by  ftreets,  running  from 
river  to  river.  In  the  width  of  the 
ftreets  there  is  a  great  diverfhy.  Water 
ftreet  and  Pearl  ftreet,  which  occupy  the 
banks  of  Eaft  river,  are  very  convenient. 
!y  fitnated  tor  bufinefs,  but  they  are  low 
and  too  narrow }  not  admitting  in  fome 
places  of  walks  on  the  fides  for  foot 

ftaflengers.  Broad  ftreet,  extending 
i-om  the  Exchange  to  the  city  hall,  h 
fufficiently  wide.  This  was  crigin»lly 
built  on  each  fide  of  the  creek,  which 
penetrated  alraoft  to  the  city  hall.  This 
ftreet  is  low,  but  pleafant.  But  the 
moft  convenient  and  agreeable  part  of 
the  city  is  the  Broadway.  It  begins  at 
a  point  which  is  formed  by  the  jun6lion 
or  the  Hudfon  and  Eaft  rivers— occupies 
the  height  of  land  between  them,  upon 
a  true  meridional  lin>.  — -rifes  gently  to 
the  northward— is  nearly  70  feet  wide 
—adorned,  where  the  fort  former)  y 
ftood,  (which  has  lat«ly  been  levelled) 
with  an  elegant  brick  edifice,  for  the  ac- 
comodation of  the  governor  of  the  State, 
and  a  public  walk  from  the  extremity  of 

the 


NEW 

tke  point,  occupvini^  tbi  ground  of  the 
}Mnt  battcrjr  wUiBh  it  now  dcmoUiied  { 
mo  witft  two  Bpifcoipi]  churcbct  and 
a  Aum)Mt  of  clennt  private  buiUing*. 
tt  fcernninatet  to  the  northward,  in  a  tri- 
angutar  arekj  fronting  the  bridewell  and 
alms-houfe,  and  commands  from  any 
pout,  a  vie^v  of  the  Bay  and  Narrowi. 
Since  the  yrar  1788,  that  part  of  the 
tity,  which  was  buried  in  mini  daring 
the  war,  hat  been  rapidly  rebuilding, 
the  ftreets  widened,  ftraigntened,  raited 
in  the  middle  under  an  angle  Aifficient 
to  carry  off  the  water  to  the  fade  gutters, 
and  foot- ways  of  briclc  made  on  eadi 
fide.  At  this  time,  the  part  that  was 
deftroyed  by  fire  is  all  covered  with  ele- 
gant brick  houfei.  Wall  ftreet  is  ge- 
nerally 50  feet  wide  and  elevated,  and 
the  buildings  elegant.  Hanover  fquare 
and  Dock  ftreet  aie conveniently  fituared 
tibr  bufinefs,  and  the  houfes  well  built. 
William  ftreet  is  alfo  elcvattd  and  con- 
Tenient,  and  is  the  principal  market  for 
retailing  dry  goods.  Many  of  the  other 
flreets  are  pleafant,  but  moft  of  them 
are  irregular  and  narrow.  The  houfes 
are  generally  built  of  brick,  and  the 
roofs  tiled.  There  are  remaining  a  few 
houfes  buth  af^er  the  old  Dutch  manner ; 
but  the  Englifli  tafte  has  prevailed  al> 
moft  a  century.  The  moft  roagniiScent 
edifice  in  thi<  city  is  Federal  l&U,  iitu. 
ated  at  the  head  of  Broad  ftreet,  where 
its  front  appears  to  great  advantage,  in 
which  is  a  gallery  is  feet  deep,  guanied 
by  an  elegant  iron  railing.  In  this  gal- 
lery  our  beloved  Washinoton,  at> 
'tended  by  the  fenate  and  houfe  of  re- 
prefentatives,  took  his  cath  of  office  in 
the  face  of  Heaven,  and  in  prefence  of  a 
large  concourfe  of  people  aflembled  in 
irout,  at  the  commencement  of  the  ope- 
ration of  the  Federal  Conftitution,  A- 
Eril  30th,  1789.  The  other  public 
uildings  in  the  city  are,  three  houfes 
for  public  worfliip  for  the  Dutch  Re- 
fbrmed  church,  four  Prefbyterian  church- 
es, three  Epifcopal  churches,  two  for 
German  Lutherans  and  Calvinifts,  two 
Friends*  meeting  houfes,  two  for  Bap- 
ttfts,  two  fo^  Methodifts,  one  for  Mora- 
vians, one  Roman  Catholic  church,  one 
French  Proteftant  church,  and  a  Jews' 
fynagogue.  Befides  thefe  there  is  the 
governor's  houii;,  already  mentioned,  a 
nandibme  building,  the  college,  gaol, 
and  feveral  other  buikliiigs  of  lefs  note. 
Thr  city  is  accomodated  with  four 


NEW  j7i 

nuu-k«ts  in  different  pMtt,  wl^cK  are 
fumiflied  wtth  •  great  plenty  aiMl^iri- 
ety  of  pnififio^  ia  iHiat  and  caceUttt 
order.  •  '  • 

KiAg*a  pollege  in  ^  city  of  ll^ 
York,  was  principally  foundid  by  the  f«- 
luntary  contribtitionaof  the  inhiUtfUkt 
of  the  province,  a^fted  by  the  jMncftl 
affembly,  and  the  corporttmd  of  Trlnify 
Church)  iii  the  year  1^54,  a  ro^ 
charter  (and  |r«tv  of  moMey)  being 
then  obtained^  mcorporating  a  number 
of  gentlemen  therein  mentk^iad,  by  the 
name  of  **  The  Oovemors  of  tltt  Col- 
lege  of  the  province  of  Nsw-York*  in 
the  city  of  New-Ybrk,  in  America  |" 
and  gninting  to  themaikl  their  fucceflbrs 
forever,  amongft  various  other  lights 
and  privileges,  the  power  of  conCtrring 
all  fuch  degrees  as  are  ufually  conferred 
by  either  of  the  Englifh  univerfitiea. 
By  the  charter  it  was  prUvided  that  the 
preiident  ftiall  alwayc  be  a  member  of 
the  church  of  England,  and  that » form 
of  pcaver  colle£iied  from  the  litui^  of 
that  church,  with  «  particular  prMir 
for  the  college,  fhall  be  daily  viim, 
morning  and  evening,  in  the  college 
chapel}  at  the  fame  time,  noteft  of 
their  religious  perAufion  waa  requiti^ 
from  any  of  the  iiellows,  profeflbra  or 
tutors  {  and  the  advantages  of  education 
were  equally  extended  to  ftudenta  of 
all  denominations.  The  building  (which 
is  only  one  third  of  the  intendnl  ftruc« 
ture)  confifts  of  an  elegant  ftone  edifice, 
three  complete  ftortea  high,  with  four 
fbir-cafes,  la  apartments  in  each,  a 
chapel,  hall,  librarv,  m^feum,  anatomi> 
cal  theatre,  and  a  fchool  for  experimen- 
tal philofophy.  The  college  ia  (Ituated 
on  a  dry  gravelly  foil,  about  1  ^o  yarda 
firom  the  hankof  Hudfon*s  river,  which 
it  overlooks,  commanding  a  moft  exten- 
five  and  beautiftU  profpeft.  Since  the 
revolution,  the  legiflature  paffed  an  aA 
conftitutingsi  gentlemen  (of  whom  the 
governor  and  Heutenant-govemor,  for 
ihe  time  being,  are  members  ex  ojficiii) 
a  body-  corporate  and  politic,  by  the 
name  and  ftyle  of  *'  The  Regents  of 
the  Univerfity  of  the  State  of  New- 
York.**  They  are  entrufted  with  the 
care  of  literature  in  general  in  the  State, 
and  have  power  to  grant  charters  of  in- 
corporation for  erefting  colleges  and 
academies  throughput  the  State,  are  to 
vifit  thefe  inftitutions  as  of^en  as  they 
fliall  thmk  proper,  and  report  their  ftate 

Aa»  U 


)^i# 


i«sM«f 


grfuN  ^  Mif  )«iflMipi?^  The 


Ittv 


iU9  i«$9g  finSnii*  Ate  jbelbpguii 
«9M<f«»  «|clti(Syf  of  Ibme  bdifd* 


„^pi»  PWB  i|9t  «l  prfpi^  produdive, 
jinaMptf^^i^aSOirripm  Colun*. 
.Bi4,$oUcg^  ceo(utt  or-«  Mcuu&fi  i  a  ft. 
iWlDbil  •«♦  im3,  hoxltsr  of  pliyfic* 
,TiMltrftJ|wa  prdMeatap^;  iHfpMon, 
miJkt  imtA% own  a^  »  ptv^bre^ 
jTlw  IhKAmtf  4ttfo4>i«  Mh  tli^  ^ciU- 
tin  ct  |)w jNciqning^  tfeyiar  »Z93 
JWMKiqtvd  Ml  |4«|.  ^.Tl)f  .offic^^ri  of  Ml* 
.ftrttAion  umI  Iminediitc  ggvernoient  in 
%h)f  fmvifj,  itiv^H «"«  »  Wtfident,  pio- 
fcQir  of  matKtflMU^  VM  natural  p^ilo. 
liftlL];,  »  proK$«  of  ,|onf  and  geogrm. 
jlift  and  a  pn^tffior  of .famguagps.  To 
Ihdft  have  lately  been  aildcd  a  profelTor 
«f  cbyrnvftiy  and  agriculture,  aprofef- 
ftr  ot  oriental  JUmpiaget,  a  profeflbr  of 
law,  and  a  profefl^  <?  the  Fivnch  lan- 
guage. In  the  fkcult^  of  phyHc,  the 
.'dean  is  leiRurer  on  eUnical  i^iedicine  in 
theNew-York  hofpital}  and  ther^are 
the  profieflruribips  ot  botany,  of  anato- 
my*  of  the  obftetric  ait,  ot  matei'ia.Rie- 
dica*  of  the  inAitutcs  of  medicine,  of  fuf- 
gery*  and  tlie  practice  of  phytic*  TheCt 
pnrfjdlort  afford  the  neceflary  inftruc-' 
tioninthehealiiwart,  ThrUbrary  and 
nraftum  were  denroyed  during  the  war. 
Upward*  of  ^^809  (of  monies  granted 
by  the  legiflature)  have  been  lately  ex- 
pended in  b6okt;to  increafe  the  libraiy. 
Thephtlofbdbtcal  a{i|NumtMs  is.nfw  and 
cODwkee*  Tb^go^ernunent  of  the  city 
(which  was  incorporated  in  1 696)  is  now 


in^'iiaa^l 


Tfjiir 


apdMairl^JrwWi 

M,^^  m^<^,mm^'^  The 

mavcir'ieourt.  which ti beld fni);!^^ 
IP^  by:  ^Mr&t,  U  U  Mti- 
rabuon  as  a  court  of  bw.  A  ebu^ 
^  f^fm  U  Ukewift  held  loir  tbe  trial  ^f 
fXixtmiA  nufts,  in^e  iitiuitloifi  olf  the 
cfl(jr.  U  both  heakhjr  and  picdknh  fur. 
rmuij^M  on  all  tidet  ^ji  wither,  it  is  it- 
mtt^  with  cm3  hiteMiiii  (bminer,  And 
the  air  in  winter  ^t  more  tcn^pcratf  tlian 
b  other  places  under  the  Aine  yaraUel. 
Tiiia  city  is  efteemed,  tbe  nyjft  eligible 
ujt^f^on  for  commerce  in  tKt  tfnited 
jkatet »  It  almoft  necemurily  commands 
the  tnde  of  one  half  Kfw- jcrfey,  ihoft 
dtthat  of  JConneAicu^^  pah  of  that  of 
Mtwechaletts,  and  ahnoR  the  wniole  of 
ycrmM|t^beflde»  the  whole  Rrtileihte- 
ripr  ^untry,  ^ich  is  penetrated  by 
<Mie  or  the  lafgeft  rivers  iii  America. 
Thiji  city  imports  moll  <^  the  goods 
cbniuined  between  a  line  of  jo  niiKs  k. 
qfCPonne^icut  river,  and  *p  jftuUk  weft 
^  the  lludron,  wnieh  is  ii)o  n^iles  1 
^:|ietween  the  ocean  and  the  coififihes 
of  CaiiMa,  about  400  miles  {  a  coh- 
iider^bTe  piartion  of  which  is  the  heft 
peopled  of  any  jiait  of  the  United  States } 
^  the  whole  territofy  contains  nearly 
a  million  people,  01;  dte-fifth  of  the  in- 
Dstbitants  of  tne  ^nion.  Befides^  fome 
of  the  other  States  are  partially  fuppHeit 
with  goods  from  I^ew-Tork.  IBut  in 
the  Itaple  commodity,  l^^r,  Fehiifylva. 
nw  and  Maryland  have  meeded  it,  tlie 
JTuperJine  flour  of  thpfe  Stt^tes  command- 
ing  a  higher  price  than  that  of  Newl 
Yortc }  not  that  the  quafity  of  the  grain 
is  worfe,  but  becaufe  greater  attention 
is  paid  in  thbfa  States  to  thie  krpeAioii 
and  mai)ufa£li»e  of  that  article.  In  the 
manu^aure  nk^wife  of  iron,  paper, 
cabinet  works,  &c.  lPcnnfylvan»  'ex- 
ceeds not  only  ^ew-York,  nut  an  her 
lifter  States.  In  times  of  peace,  liow- 
ever,  IJiew-York  will  commatid  'more 
commercial  bufinefs  than  any  tciwn  in 
^he  United  Sutes^  ta  tune  of  war  it 
will  b(;  infecure,  without  a^  nwrine  iforce  j^ 
but  aTmall  i^Umber  of  JOiips  wtll  be  able 
t^d^ndit  firja^  tiie  inoft  fbrpidable 
^ttack^K  l^y  iea*  .^want  itf  good  w^ 
in  a  great  iikcttiveniencc  to  die  cititens„ 

there 


\ 


V 


mi 


it 


^u 


fotns 


N  »  W 

nim  Hh  ^  if«w»  k».*«  c'^y*  WW^ 
if  thf  Moplf  iM*/;  lyppM  <rnr  <^/ 

Willi  freih  water,  te^jircyeil  to  their 
<4«ort  in  caflMf  froiq  a  pump  near  (Im 
head  ot'  QtJ«tn  ftrect,  which  reeeivM  U 
from  a  l|M'«iig  almoft  ^  ipile  from  the 
CQStre  of  thf  «ity.  iThii  weU  {f  ^i^i^ 
•0  M  dfep  aq4  four  fc«t  '^>WMf?ff« 
The  ayei-agf  qufintUy  drawp  d|i^y  frpin 
fbU  reii)»rK^b)fl  well,  «•  no  liog||ietvlt 
•of  1 30  galU^na  e^ch.  In  fuipe  hpt  Aim- 
^tpr  daya  aii  |iog|heada  have  \iteifi 
.drawn  ttvm  it  {  and  v'hat  U  very  fingu- 
i^Xt  tliere  U  oevcr  ni>^e  or  te('«  than  a- 
Vout  3  feet  water  imh<p  well.  Tliewa- 
ler  U  fold  ^onimonly  at  three  p^nee  a 
bpg^ead  at  ti^  ptinip.  Severa)  propo- 
JTols  have  been  made'  by  intiivulua)!  to 
fuppiy  tl)$  cUi|»n>  by  pip«fi{  hut  none 
have  yet  been  accf  pted.  On  a  general 
Vifw  of  this  city,  as  described  1.0  yearp 
iVgPi  nnd  in  it»  pritfent  ftate,  the  com- 
Pfui/on  if  (i»ttu-iiig  to  tite  p(<e(ent  age  j 
particularly  the  iinprbvemcnt*  in  tjaAe, 
elegance  of  n)ai)ner»,  ^(k1  that  eafy  un- 
f  flfc^ed  civility  and  politenels  wbic;h 
fmtn  the  Ivippinef*  of  (ocijil  intercourfe. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  in  the  city 
nnd  coMnty  of  New- York  in  175^,  was 
IP.'^iJ  I77i,»i,863|  17^6,  »3,^i4} 
»790i  Sli'in  »7»^»  7i»7»  ele6lor«j 
pi-oi)ub)y  about  70,000  inhabiu|its. 
There  is  no  bafon  for  the  reception  of 
vefleis,  but  the  iWd  where  they  lie  in 
Ealt  river,  which  is  |M-ote£ted  from  the 
violence  of  the  Tea,  l>y  tlie  circutpja- 
cent  jilands.  JThe  great  rapiditv  of  the 
tides  in  the  narrow  channels  between 
Long-Ifland  and  York-Iiland,  an.l  be> 
tween  Long-lfl^nd  and  Staten-Ifland,  in- 
creaied  by  the  water  of  Hudfon  and  Eai(l 
fiycrs,  preiei'v^  the  chani^el  froni  being 
oblh*u6l«rd  by  ice;  lo  that  navigation  is 
alw.iy3  open,  except  a  few  dayk  when 
the  weather  is  uncommouly  fevcre.  The 
entries  frop  fprcign  ports  only  into  this 
port  in  i7{,5  were  94.1,  viz.  (hips,  178 
—brigs,  309— barq''x8,  9— ihowa,  7 
— fchooners,  i68«-floops,  179.  yi^orks 
of  defence  have  been  erected  here  to  a 
^onfidefable  extent,  and  when  compiet- 
^'d  on  the  origionl  plan,  will  afford  great 
fecurity  to  the  city,  front  enemies'  mips. 
iJew  York  c\ty  is  9  5  miles  hi .  &.  of  jPhi  - 
ladelphia,  127  S«  W.  of  ^arjttbrd,  197 
.JSI.  JE.  of  Baltimore,  ts%  S.  W-  of  Bof 
.itOP>  375  trom  Portland,  in  It^aine,  373 
/r9(9  Hicbmoqd,  6ao  frpm  jFiayetteyille, 
|I3  Udm  C\mhfi^9^  an^  f^fa  bom 


b|i^,  u>(!l|a9  immi  ^ 


Creek  wuion,  lUintcd 


river,  in  Oeorgfuj  and  ^  "fBM 


long,  Ud  (WmC  C3Ct««d  t«»0  Tf»  9M 

part  in  brndtjl^.    It  is  Mm  t^  ^ 

^ridgf,  15  9iilM^.  ^ilf!!^i^3S' 
Nr. YBf ,  or  Ni$v0j  a  fertt^  phdn  09 
t|ie  Ibuthfidcof  the  i^ti^  cf  ^t.lDi^n^^ 
go  4  bounded  B.  by  the  ^y  v4  fWw 
of  itf  ^a^,  oil  the  W.  by  the  river  «f 
pames,  ah^  the  Fond  of  t^p^'mM^lt^- 
It  contaiha  about  fo  uiuarc  IcigMfli 
abounds  with  g^ntf,  fiiM  >  »  COPM 
fpot  fbr^amt^gocs,  phearantf.;uidriii9ri4  , 
0^  crowned  peac6c)is.  Thfielafthmn 
more  delicate  flavour  ud  tefift  ^Illmit 
plumage  than  tKe  peaeofkt  of  E«nqi«w 
Nine  leagues  frain  ,t|w  Xy.  bank  of  the 
Neybe  is  the  tow|i,  cootaiikipg  idwut 
too  houfes,  and  cyn  turn  mit  3^9  nMp 
fit  to  bear  armb.  T}i|f  tpwn  is  f  c  l«igv«9 
W.  by  ]^.  of  Aiu,  ^nd  %i^.  ppom  tbo 
point  where  the  lifie  of  dem^reation 
cuts  jBracki|h  ^pi^d.     This  territp^ 

Produces  a  fort  of  plaidcr,  talc,  and 
>/fil  fait.  Tfa»  natural  ly-prpdu^Mon 
of  the  £ilt  is  G*  rapid,  that  a  pretty 
large  hollow  isabfolutely  filled  up  agyin 
in  the  courfe  of  a  year.  The  river 
might  be  rendered  navigable  for  fmall 
craft,  and  the  plain  is  a|>|e  to  ^gbrd  eli* 
gible  fituatiqns  for  1 50  fingar  plantations. 
Niagara  Rtvertm^TaHt.  Niaga^ 
ra  rivir,  conneAs  the  N.  E.  end  of  Lake 
Erie  wit)i  ^ke  Pntai^io,  |in<f  is  about 
30  miles  in  |t|igtb,  from  IFort  Erie  to 
Niagara  Fort,  ^  forms  a  part  of  tli« 
boundary  between  the  United  States 
and  Upper  Canada.  It  receives  Chip- 
peway  w  Welliind  river  from  the  W. 
Tonewanto  Creek  from  the  E.  and 


am; 

embofomp^  Great  and  Navy  lOands. 
Fort  Slufticr  (lands  on  the  £.  fide  of  this 
riyer  near  Navy  Ifland.  The  Faffft 
in  this  river,  are  oppofite  Fort  Slu0ier, 
about  7  or  X  mjles  foitth  Of  Lake  Cnta- 
rio,  'and  form  the  greateft  curiofity 
which  this,  or  indeed  any  other  coun- 
try, affords.  In  order  to  have  a  tolera- 
ble idea  of  this  ftupehdons  fall  of  yviat«-, 
it  will  be  hecefiaiy  to '  coi^ceive  thgt 
part  of  the  country  m  which  Lake  Erie 
IS  fitiiated,  to  ^c  elevated  above  tbftt 
A  a  }  which 


$74  N  I  A 

«likh  cttntllM  Laitt  Onttrto,  about  300 
fliMt )  the  flope  which  icpai-ate*  th«  »tp. 
bh-  and  lower  couhtry  it  generally  very 
m<9t  and  in  many  placet  almoftperptfii- 
dfcnlar j  It  it  formed  hy  horitontal 
iliMa  or  ftone,  great  part  of  which  ia 
IM-ftone.  The  flopl  may  be  traced 
by  the  inorth  fide  of  Lake  Ontario,  near 
the  bay  of  Torento,  round  the  wcA  end 
ti  the  L^  i  thence  the  direAion  !i 
(•nerilly  dift.  Between  Lake  Ontario 
'•nd  Laka  Erie  it  croflea  the  ftrait  of 
ffiagara,  and  the  GennciTee  river;  after 
which  it  becomes  loft  in  the  country 
.  lowania  Sebeca  Lake.  It  ia  to  this  Hope 
the  country  ia  indebted  both  for  tne 
C^talatt  of  Niagara  and  the  great  FalU 
«f  Uehneflee,  The  Catara6t  of  Niagai  a, 
Ame  have  fuppo(ed|  waa  formerly  at  the 
northera  fide  of  the  ilojie  near  the  land- 
ing}  and  that  from  \he  great  length  of 
timc»  and  the  quantity  of  water,  and 
diftance  which  it  fails,  tlie  folid  ftone  is 
worn  away  for  about  leven  miles  up  to- 
wards lake  Erie  *,  arid  a  chaftn  is  form- 
,  «1  which  no  perfon  can  approach  with- 
out terrrtt.  Down  this  chal'm  the  wr. 
ter  ruffles  with  a  moft  aftoniihing  nolle 
•nd  velocity!  after  '^  msktu  the  great 
p.tch.  Here  the  iar  y  is  conftantly  en- 
l^ged  in  the  contemplation  of  the  moft 
fomaniie  and  awful  proipe£l  imagin- 
able}  wiien  the  eye  catches  the  falls, 
the  contemplation  is  inflantly  arretted, 
and  the  beholder  admireS  in  filence. 
The  river  is  abbiu  74a  yarda  wide  at 
the  falls.  The  perpendicular  pitch  of 
this  vatt  body  of  water  produces  a  found 
that  is  frequently  htard  at  the  diftance 
of  10  miles,  and  in  a  clear  day,  and  fair 
wind)  40  and  even  50  miles.  A  ^r 
ceptibie,  tremulous  motion  in  the  earth 
is  felt  for  feyeral  rods  round.  A  heavy 
cloud  or  fog  is  conftantly  afcending 
fixtm  the  falls,  in  which  rainbows  may 
always  be  feen  when  the  fun  Oiines. 
This  fog  or  fjiray,  in  the  winter  feaibn, 
falls  upon  the  neighbouring  trees,  where 
it  congeals,  and  produces  a  moft  bcauti- 
fill  chryftaline  appearance:  this  remark 
is  applicable  alio  to  the  falls  of  Gen- 
nefleek  it  is  cuM}e£lured  that  the  water 
muft  fiall  at  l^aft  65  feet  in  the  chnfni) 
the  perperidtculiar  pitch  at  the  ciitaraA 

*  Gen.  Lincoln  who  vinted  and  eiainined 
thcfe  falli,  in  1 794,  Uj», «'  On  a  careful  ex- 
aminationof  the  banks  of  the  river,  there  ap^ 
peari  to  be  no  nod  foundation  for  this  opi- 
bioa."-.  ••■       .   '    ■    •■ 


N  I  A 

!•  ISO  feet}  other  aceountafty  only  I S7 
feet  t  to  theft  add  s  t  fctt,  which  the  1^- 
ter  falls  tl,3  \»tt  half  mile  immediatclir 
above  the  falls,  and  «e  have  a;),  which 
the  water  lalls  in  thediftance  of  7|miUa. 
Animala  fwimming  near  the.Rapida 
above  the  great  Cstaraft  are  inftantly 
hurried  to  oefiruAion.  Juft  below  the 
Great  Pitch,  the  water  and  foam  may  be 
feen  puffed  up  in  large  fpherioal  fistires } 
they  bnrft  at  the  top,  afid  project  a  co- 
lumn of  the  fpray  to  a  prodigious  height, 
and  then  fubfide,  and  are  fuceeeded  by 
others  vtrhichburft  in  like  manner*  This 
appearance  is  moft  remarkable  about 
half  way  between  the  iiland  that  dividea 
the  falls  and  the  weft  fide  of  the  ftrait, 
where  the  largeft  column  of  water  de- 
fccnds.  The  defcent  into  the  chal'm  pf 
this  ftupendous  cataraQ  is  very  diflicult, 
on  account  of  the  great  height  of  the 
banks  {  but  when  once  a  perfon  has  de« 
fcended,  he  may  go  up  to  the  foot  of  the 
Fails,  nikl  take  ihelter  behind  tiie  de- 
fcending  column  ot  water,  between  that 
and  the  pt  cipice,  where  there  is  a  I'pace 
fufiicient  to  contain  a  number  of  pimple 
in  pei-feft  fafety,  and  where  converlation 
may  be  held  without  interruption  ^om 
the  noife,  which  is  lefs  here  than  at  a 
confldemble  diftance.  On  Chriftmaa 
1795,  a  fevcre  fliock  of  an  earthquake 
was  felt  here,  and  by  which  a  large  piece 
of  the  rock  that  forms  the  famous  cata- 
raA  was  broken  oflT. 

Niagara,  a  fort  and  poft  town  In 
the  State  of  New-Yoik,  fituared  on  the 
E.  fide  of  Niagara  river,  at  its  entrance 
into  Lake  Ontario,  and  oppolite  to 
Newark,  in  Canada.  Niagai  a  Fort  is  9. 
moft  important  poft,  and  fecures  k 
£rreater  number  of  communications, 
through  a  large  country,  than  probably 
any  other  pals  in  interior  Amei  ica.  It 
is  about  9  miles  below  the  cataraA,  80 
N.  V/.  of  Wiihamfburgh  op  Genntflt;*; 
i-ivcT,  370  N.  W .  of  Philadelphia,  and 
560  W,  hy  N.  of  Bolton.  N.  lat.  43. 
ic.  W.  long.  79.  The  fort  was  built 
by  the  French  about  the  year  17*5,  and 
was  dehvered  up  to  the  United  States, 
accbi'ding  to  the  treaty  of  1794,  by  th'a 
Britilh,  in  1796.  Although  it  i»  a  de- 
gree N.  of  Bofton,  yet  the  fealim  ia 
quite  a^'  mild  here  as  at  that  town,  and 
veseUtioii  quite  as  early  ami  forward. 
le  IS  thought  that  the  climate  meliorates 
in  the  fimie  latitude  as  oite  proceeds 
from  the  Atlantic  weftward.  ^' 

NlCAKAGVAi 


NIG 

NiCA«4!i|(M;A*  »  lake  in  the  province 
oFNew-Sj^hi.  1 1 7  leegtiei  in  circnmfer- 
ence.  I(P  wef|<am  jpart  ti  npt  more  than 
10  milfe  £t>m  the  S.  W^  coaft  of  Mcxi 
CO.  It  fende  it*  waters  caft  to  the 
Qcean«  by  a  fpaciouM  river  of  its  name» 
which  divides  the  province  of  Nicaragua 
from  Cofta  Tfiko*  This  tenders  the 
towns  on  the  bankt  of  the  lake  of  conii- 
peraNe  importance,  particularly  the  ci- 
tic;s  of  Granada,  Leon,  and  Nicaragua. 
The  firft  is  oil  the  fouth  fide  in  lat.  1 1. 
I.  N.  and  long.  8$.  ii,  W.  and  is  45 
miles  weftward  of  the  city  of  Nicaraeua, 
th,it  (lands  at  fome  diitance  fonth  from 
the  lake.  Leon  is  at  the  weft  end  of  the 
lake,  and  in  lat.  i  a.  N.and  long.  S7>  ^« 
The  lake  is  interfperred  with  leveral  ifl- 
ands,  and  full  of  tifh,  but  infe^cd  with 
alligators.  Nicaragua  river  empties  in- 
to tnie  Tea,  oppoOte  to  the  iflqinidof  Moh- 
glares^  N.  lat.  ^  i .  40. W,  lonj^  8t.  4.7. 

NiCKKAQV^*  a  maritime  province  of 
Mexico,  having  Honduiap  on  the  north, 
tlie  North  Sea  on  the  eaft.  Coda  Rico 
on  the  8.  £.  and  the  South  Sea  on  the 
S.  W.  It  is  about  400  milbs  long,  and 
izo  broad.  The  aif  is  wbolefo^e  and 
tenlperate,,  and  the  foil  fertile,  pi,  -vducing 
Quantities  of  fu^'^^  cochiiieai,  and  6ne 
chocolate.  This  is  confldered  as  the 
garden  of  America ;  being  fo  pleafant 
and  fruitful,  that  when  the  Spaniards  firft 
Vifited  it,  they  called  it  Mahomet's  pa- 
radile. 

Nicholas,  Caie  St.  the  north-weft 
extremity  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
i^  the  Weft- Indies.  It  is  2  leagues  V/ . 
of  the  town  of  its  nime,  but  tpw  e  com- 
monly called  The  Mt^e,  9  9r  10  leagues 
eaft  of  Cape  Mayzi,  at  the  eaft  end  of 
the  ifland  uf  Cuba,  apd4.fi  leagues  north- 
eaft  by  north  of  Cape  Dame  Marie,  and, 
^•\xh  this  laft  rape,  forms  the  entrance 
into  the  large  bay  called  the  Bight  of 
Leogane^     Sec  Tbt  Mole. 

mcHOLAS,  Port  St.  on  the  coaft  of 
Pcrui  ill  S.  America,  lies  north  of  Port 
St.  John,  about  a  league  to  leeward  of 
the  river  Mafca,  and  6  leagues  S.  S.  E. 
of  Port  Cavallo.  It  is  iafer  than  St. 
John's  harbour,  but  affords  neither 
wood  nor  water. 

JNICKAJA£K,  an  Indiap  town  on  the 
S.  E.  (tde  of  TenneJTee  river,  at  the  point 
of  a  large  bend,  about  %i  miles  north- 
eaft  of  the  Creek's  Crofling  Place. 
Half  way  between  thefe  lies  the  Crow 
Towu  on  the  fame  fide  of  the  river. ' 


N  I  O  37^ 

NiCKiR,  one  of  the  fiMQ  V!i«!if  Ifl- 
ands,rituatedbetwcen.\negadaand  Vit*, . 
gin  Oorda,  on  the  latter  ofwhifh  it  t$dt*' 
pendent.  N.Ut.  it.io.W;laiigi6j.  5*! 

NicHOLA,  or  NiehU  Towm  Otit,  on 
the  nortb-caft  coaft  of  tha  ifland  of  8u 
Chriftophcr**.  , 

NicoYA»  or  St'  txcjun  %  town  of 
Cofta  Rico,  in  tht  klligdoni  of  Mexico* 
North- America*  bavin|[a.barboUr,ona 
bay  of  the  North  PaciM  Occaiu  in  la't. 
10. 10.  N.  and  kmg.  tl.  iq.  W.  A* 
bout  10  leagues  ia  the  bay  of  Salinaa, 
froni  whence  the  inhabitants  of  thia, 
place  procure  and  fend  to  Panama  tba 

turple  juice  of  a  flwlUfifli  found  in  il« 
efides  fait,  honey,  mail.  .  fowls  and 
wheiit )  and  here  is  alfo  a  oearl  fllhery. 
The  town  is  up  within  the  1;^*  but, 
ftiips  ride  in  the  river  Cipanfo.  aleagtiea  , 
to  the  I^.  W.  fr9m  the  ifand  of  Chira» 
to  take  in  goods  fixmi  it  ^  which  river  ia 
navigable  for  large  periajpias  that  brinr 
do^n  th^  goods  to  the  ,fhips.  The  ifl- 
and of  Chira  affords  plenty  of  frei^  wa» 
texami  provisos. 

NiCTAitr,  a  riv;rr  of  Nova-Scotiii^! 
which  waters  the  townfliip  of  Aonapo- 
lis ;  on  its  banks  arc  guantitiea  of  bog, 
and  mountain  ore.  A  bloopvery  haa 
been  erc£led  in  the  town. 

Nic VE  sa;  Qi^.^,  is  on  t)ie  eaIl,coaft 
of  tlye  counuy  of  Hondqras,  ni;  i^t 
Spanii^  Main,  having  Cape  <jrrac|aa  • 
Dios  for  its  ncf  tl)  limit,  and  Cape  Bu|n«. 
CO,  on  the  fo^th  }  Catharine,  or  Provi> 
dence,  is  due  eaft  from  it. 

Njebe,  or  yejtbt,  a  bay  and  river  on, 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
ming6.  The  bay  is  fituated  at  noirth- 
north-eaft  from  Cape  Beata.  N.  lat. 
x8.  3.  W.  long.  73.  46. 

NiBVA  Iflamt,  liesfouth-weffof  M>f- 
take  Bay,  and  on  the  north-eaft  fide  of 
Hudfon's  St i  aits. 

NiEVA  Terra,  near  the  eaft  end  of 
Huitibn's  Straits,  in  J^d^h- America,  in 
lat.  61. 4.  N.'and  long.  67.  7.  W.'and 
has  big^  ^a^er  on  the  fpring-tkde  daya 
at  50  mm.  paft  9  o'.clock. 

NiOANiCHfi,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Cape  Breton' Ifland,  and  in  the  fouth 
part  of*  the  Gulf  of  St..  Lawrei^ce,  is  to 
the  fduthward  of  a  cape  ibiaxi  4  leaguea 
fouth'^fouth-weft  of  AcRepe  harbour* 
and  .8  leagues  from  North  Cape. 

N|o,va,  a  jriver  on  the  fouth  iideof 
the  ilfland  of  St.  Domingo.  Its  mouth 
is  7  leagues  eaft  of  die  Nifiw.  The 
'Aa4  rivera 


f><^ 


Hft 


iM^  Mbf^taijvfim  an  netTtry  fiii 

Et  ihtu  they  idmiM  firom  their 
pit  ibty  fcccdc  OrMii  ci|ch  other, 
NtaNrhiimiBg  wdlwanl  from  the 
Utttcr..  Bflween  them  He«  an  cxtcnfive 
.  did  fcttUc  ^ain.  Thc(|«mtitTofpure 
cold  that  was  dug  from  lu  cavitin,  its 
S%iti  c0ceai  Migoj  and  other  phinta* 
ticMiti  Mid  ihKlca.  of  a  gnatcr  amount 
tlua  tboA  tMKre  paid  by  all  the  Spanifii 
pirt  of  the  Miad  put  together.  All 
tMe  riMrs  night  be  cafily  rendered 
aildjM  lie.  The  psbrUh  and  finall  town 
.«f  Niguia  contain  about  t^seo  perfima, 
.  i^rtly  free  people  of  colour. 

NlNtTY-Six,  a  diftrift  of  the  up|«r 
^CROK^ir  of  South-Carolina,  weft  of 
Orapgiburg  diftri6t,  and  comprehend* 
^  coontiee  of  l^gefield,  Abbeville, 
2«*urena»  and  Newbury.  It  conuini 
33,674.  white  inhabitanti,  ftndi  la  re- 
tfreftntatiTes  and  4  ftntton  to  the  State 
Ngiflature,  3  of  die  f<Niner  and  one  of 
tm  latter  for  each  county,  and  one 
inember  to  Conjptrf'i.  It  orodueet  con* 
lid«rable  quantities  of  tobacco  for  ex- 
poHatloo.  Chief  town,  Camiridgtt  or, 
«i  U  #ai  formerly  called,  ItinetjSix, 
«diich  itf  £0  miles  weft  by  north  of  Co- 
Ibmbia,  147  north-weft  of  Charlefton, 
^  noith  of  Aoeufta  in  Georgia,  and 
^os  from  Philadelphia.  InMay,  17S1, 
this  town  was  dolely  befteged  by  Gen. 
Grectt,  and  Iravefy  defended  by  the 
m^tifli,  commanded  by  Col.  Cnigcr. 
NiPBGON,  \  large  river  which  emp- 
ties into  Lake  8\iperior,  from  the  north- 
lArard.  It  leads  to  a  tribe  of  the  Chip. 
ttewas,  wlio  inhabit  near  a  lake  of  the 
nunfe  iiame.  Not  far  from  the  Nip.  gon 
b  a  fmall  river,  that,  juft  before  it  enters 
tbe.lake,  has  a  perpendicular  fall,  from 
|lte  top  of  a  mountain  of  600  fieet.  It 
h  very  narrow,  and  appears  like  a  white 
gaiter  fiifpended  in  the  air. 

i^iria«!NO  Late  is  north-eaft  of 
jLkke  H'tfOtii  and  connefted  with  it  by 
Fitnth  river. 

'  NlPisiGViT,afmalIvilla|reof  New- 
BrunlWick,  on  the  ibuthern  iideof  Cha- 
|eurBay,iiU)»bited  by  Roman  Catholics^ 
tbove  I  a  leaj^es  W.  of  Cak'aquit  Ifland } 
btetween  which  and  )*oint  Mafanette,  are 
the  capes  of  ?biquehaw.  At  this  village 
a  nunrber  of  eoaftinf^  traders  touch  dur- 
^g  the  ibmmer,  where  (hey  purchafe  uf 
fhe  inhabitants  cod-^  aiid  (^ImoRa  a« 
<^i(biit4th^s,  pdtty,  aAd  (bnie  furs. 
||j^i»|tis.  Xodtoitt  it^bltwy-aear 


N  O  t 

th^  head  watera  eif  the  Ottowas  riiTcr. 
Warriors,  300. 

NtsAO.  a  river  whicb  rUcs  in  the 
centre  of  the  ifland  of  8t  ]!)omingo, 
and  falls  into  tlic  Aa'  on  the  fouth  fide, 
and  on  the  wefterrt  fide  of  the ,  point  of 
its  name}  y  leagues W.  of  Ni|ua river. 

Ni8(^t7avNiA,  a  ftttlemoit  hi  the 
State  of  New. York,  above  the  city  of 
Albany.  This  is  the  principal  (eat  of 
the  fociety  called  Shakers.  A  few  of 
this  ftft  came  firom  England  bi  1774} 
and  a  few  others  are  featured  Ln  differ., 
eiit  parts  of  the  country. 

NiTTAHv  Mouatabi,  in  Pennfylva. 
nia,  is  between  the  Juniatta  and  the  W. 
branch  of  Sufquchannah  river. 

N1VBRNOI8,  a  large  bay  at  the  eaft 
end  of  Lake  Ontario. 

NiXOiiTON,  a  poft-town  of  N.  Caro. 
line,  and  capital  of  Fafquotank  county) 
lies  on  the  northern  water  of  A'.bemarle 
Sound,  and  contains  a  court>houfe,  gaol, 
and  a  few  dwelling-houfes.  It  »  ig 
miles  N.  £.  of  Edenton,  and  aH  S,  W.t 
of  Philadelphia.  ^ 

NoBLBBOROUGH,  a  towndiip  in 
Lincohi  co.  Diftrid  of  Maine,  incorpo. 
rated  in  17SS,  and  containa  516  uihabl. 
tants.  It  is  10  miles  S.  E.  of  New- 
Caftle,  and  191  N.  £.  of  Bofton. 

NoBLEBORovoH,  a  townfliip  in  th,: 
north- eaftem  part  of  Herkemer  county, 
New- York,  fituated  on  the  noith  weft> 
em  fide  of  Canada  Creek. 

NocKAMixoN,  atownlhip  in  Buck's 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

NODDLE's^ff</,  a  fmall  pleafant  and 
fertile  itland  in  Bolton  harbour,  Mafla- 
chufetts.  It  is  about  z  miles  eaft-north' 
eaft  of  the  town,  on  the  Chelfea  fhore. 
It  is  occupied  as  a  farm,  and  yields 
laree  quantities  of  excellent  hay. 

No D  w A  Y,  a  river  or  i-ather  a  long  bay 
which  communicates  with  Jaincs'  Bay, 
at  the  S.  E.  extremity  of  Rupert's  river, 

Noia,  or  Black  River,  in  Louifiana, 
inns  fouthward,  and  joins  Ilogue  or 
Red  River;  which  fee. 

NoiR,  Ctift,  on  the  S.  W.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  ot  Terra  del  Fuego,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  S. 
lat.  54.  zo.  W.  long,  73.  13- 

NOiR,  Captf  or  Black  dape,  on  the 
northern  fide  of  Chakur  Bay,  is  about 
7  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Bonaventiue, 

Noix,  0f  4»,  or  Nul  IJlf,  a  fmall  ifle 
of  jo  acres,  near  the  noith  end  of  Lnke 
Chaihplain*  iuyi  Withio  the  province  of 

Lower 


NOO 

Lowpr  Cmtda.    Here  the  Srklfli  h«Yf  I 
•  gar^ifon  containing  leo  men.    It  it  I 
•bant  5  milea'N.  N.  E.  of  the  mouth  of 
La  Cole  riveri  ao  N.  of  Ifle  La  Mottc» 
and  la  or  is  foutliward  of  St.  John*s. 

NOLACHVCR Y,  a  river  in  the  vaAem 
part  of  the  State  of  Tenne(&e,  wntch 
run»  W.  8.  W.  into  French  Broad  ri- 
ver, about  16  miles  (rpm  Holftein  river. 
Near  the  baisica  of  thia  river  Greenville 
College  ia  eftabliflted. 

NoLiN  Creekt  a  branch  of  preen  ri- 
ver in  Kentucky.  The  land  here  ia  of 
an  inferior  quality. 

NoMAN^  /.anti  IflatidtXxtt  a  little  8. 
W.  of  Martha^a  Vineyard,  and  is  about 
%  miles  long  anii  1  broad.  It  belongs 
to  Du|ce*8  CO.  MaflTachufetts.  N.  lat. 
^t.  15.  W.  Ions'.  ?»•  5« 

NoMBRB  DE  Dios,  aport  to  the  S. 
8.  E.  of  the  cape  to  the  faitwiird  of  Per. 
to  Bello,  on  the  Spanifh  Main,  or  N. 
coaltofS.  Americn,  at  the  di  fiance  of 
about  7  leagues.  It  is  at  the  bottom  of 
a  large  deep  bay,  being  wide  to  the 
eaft  fide  in  lat.  o.  43.  N.  and  long.  7S'. 
35.  W.  The  idaivls  called  Baftimentos 
are  in  this  bay.  Large  veflcis  feldom 
tirequent  this  u:irt  now,  although  there 
is  fi'om  5  to  8  fathoms  and  clean  ground. 
Experience  pointed  out  that  they  were 
in  danrer  of  foundering  at  anchor,  fuch 
is  the  niry  with  which  the  fea  pours  in- 
to the  bay.  Thofe  veflfels  that  n^ 
vifit  it,  if  their  bufincfs  require  any  ftay, 

f  refer  riding  at  the  Ballimentos,  or  at 
'orto  Bello. 

NoMBRE  DE  Dtos,  on  the  W.  coaft 
of  Mexico,  fttuated  on  the  North  Paci- 
fic Ocean,  is  a  large  and  populous  town, 
a  little  10  the  northward  of  the  tropic  of 
Cancer,  and  zo  leagues  to  the  north  of 
Guadalaxara.  N.  lat.  23.  3S.  W. 
long.  104. 

Nonesuch,  a  river  of  Cumberland 
Co.  Diftridt  of  Maine.  It  pa/les  to  the 
fea  through  the  town  of  Scarborough; 
and  receives  its  name  from  its  extraor- 
dinary frefhcts. 

Nonesuch,  a  harbour  at  the  E.  end 
of  the  illand  of  Amigira.  The  road  is 
foul  and  full  of  rocics  ;  and  it  hns  not 
more  than  6  or  8  feet  water,  except  in 
one  place,  which  if  very  difficult. 
.  •NooRTPfl/Zitiontlitcoaftof  Chili,  isthe 
t\:.n\\  point  of  the  baV  or  port  of  Coquim- 
bo,  the,  other  is  called  Point  Tortugas. 

NoOH  E  E  V  A,  one  of  the  Ingrahani  Ifl- 
%i^]Pj  i|id  to  be  tl^e  prent  o?  tliein  all, 


N  O  H  J7r 

fituatcd  about  to  kagaca  9.  W,  ofOea- 
hoona.  Capt.  Koberra  mtmd  it  Jldmtii 
it  ia  the  fkme  which  Ingraham  caHeriA- 
drral  IjUuuL  The  lat.  of  tfic  body  of 
the  illand  is  I.  5S.  S.  and  nearly  in  th« 
ttmr  meridian  with  Wooape,  betwtca 
140. and  140.  lo.W.loiw.ffORiGKtaea* 
wich.  All  accounts  of  the  iiativca  con- 
curred, lays  Capt.  Roberta,  in  rcprcftnt- 
ing  it  as  populous  and  fruitful,  and  to 
have  a  large  bay  with  good  anchorage. 

NooTKA,  or  King  Geon^^t  Stmid, 
on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  North- America, 
ia  very  extenfive.  That  r-rt  of  it  where 
the  Ihips  under  Capt.  <  .jc  anchored, 
lies  in  lat.  49. 36.  N.  and  lone.  1 16. 4a. 
W.  fromGiieenwich.  Capt.  Cook  Judg- 
ed the  found  to  occupy  a  degree  and  « 
half  in  latitude,  and  two  of  longitude, 
exclufive  of  its  arms  and  branches  un- 
explored. The  whole  found  is  fur- 
reundcd  by  high  land,  in  many  placea 
broken  and  rugged,  and  in  general  co- 
vered with  wood  to  the  very  top.  The 
natives  were  numerous  and  were  in  pof- 
iefiion  of  iron  and  beads  t  which  proba- 
bly were  conveyed  to  them  acrofs  tht 
continent  fram  Hudfon*s  Rav. '  They 
are  rather  below  the  middle  (ize,'  and 
befmear  their  bodies  with  red  paint,  but 
their  faces  are  bedaubed  witti  varloiu 
colours.  The  Strait  dc  Fufgo  encora- 
paflls  the  large  cluftcr  of  iflands  among 
which  this  found  is  fituated.  See  Fuca^ 
PihtarJ,  WaJhingiOtt  IJlands,  ami  North'. 
Weft  Coaft.  It  was  tormally  taken  pof. 
feflion  ot  Sy  Lieti  tenant  Pcarce  of  the 
Britifh  nai^y,  in  1795,  in  the  name  of 
his  Britannic  Majelty. 

NoRD,  Riodfly  or  Rio  Bravo.  Seie; 
North  River,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 

Norfolk,,  a  )K)pulous  maritime 
county  of  MaflachuTetts,  lately  taken 
from  the  fouthem  part  of  Suffolk  co. 
and  lies  to  the  ibuthward  around  the 
town  and  harbour  of  Boiton.  It  con- 
tains 20  townfhips,  of  which  Dedham  ia 
theleat  of  juftice.  Number  of  inhabi- 
tants £4,180. 

Norfolk,  a  populous  county  of 
Virginia,  boundeti  north  by  James''8  ri.^ 
ver,  which  divides  jt  from  Warwick. 
It  contains  14,5x4  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 5.345  Oaves,  -ft  * 

NORFOLK,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft-  37/ 
town  and  feat  of  juftice  in  the  above 
county,  on  the  eait  iide  of  Elizabeth 
river,  immediately  below  the  confluence 
of  the  eaftera  branch.    ItisthemofI 

confiiierable 


$S$^  M  OR 

waMtnhk  commcKial  town  in  Vkgi. 
tiaia*  The  chaimclofthe  river  U  from 
«S»  to  Aoe  jmrdt  wklcr  Mid  at  common 
iood  tide  Im»  if  ftfft  water  up  to  ib« 
lawn.  The  harbour  U  iUc  and  com* 
•Mdioua,  and  laigc  cnoi^  to  contain 
«oe  fliipa.  It  wat  b«rnt  on  the  |ift  of 
January^  i776,bYfhft  Liverpool  man  of 
war,  bv  oide'.  of  the  BritiAt  fovemor 
I^rd  Duaiucrv^  and  the  lofe  Huaounted 
to  ^3eo»ouo  ttcf Jiag.  It  now  contain* 
about  500  ,4»velling*heufef,  a  court- 
iour«»)taol.  ajiepikopal  ind  mcthodift 
<hu»cb,  a  tAeaire,  and  an  acaderov.  In 
>70o,  it  contaiacd  1,959  inhabitants, 
iulnding  >a94  ilavcs.  The  town  ia 
fuvcmcdby  a  mayor  aiid  feveral  alder- 
men.  It  catriea  oa  a  hriflc  trade  to  the 
WefUIadiea,  Europe*  and  the  different 
States,  Rnd  conftitutr»,  with  Portfmouth, 
«>hicb  ftandi  on  the  oppoTtte  fide  of  the 
fiver,  A  port  of  entry.  The  exports  for 
oueyeai,  ending  Sept.  30th,  1794,  a- 
aaoiuited  to  i,6<o,7p  dollars.  A  ca. 
imI.  of  i  6  qailes  in  length,  is  now  cutting 
Irom  the  north  branch  of  Albemarle 
found  in.  N.  Carolina,  to  tiw  w.iters  of 
tltt  S.  branch  of  Eliiaheth  river.  It 
will  communicate  with  Elisabeth  river 
f  miles  from  Norfolk.  Merchant  veflels 
•f  the  largeti  (ize  may  go  within  a  mile 
lirom  the  mouth  of  the  canci  {  and  here, 
Che  water  being  freOi,  the  worm,  which 
does  fuch  damage  to  veflEils  in  Nortblk 
and  Poi  tiinouth,  will  not  »Se£t  them. 
It  i»  1 14,  miles  E.  S.  E.  of  Richmond, 
54  from  Williamfliurgh,  *,o  N.  E.  of 
Suffolk,  aod  3S9  S.  by  W.  of  Philadel- 
f  hia.  K.  lat.  36.  55.  W.  long.  76.  tt. 
Norfolk,  a  townfliip  in  Litchfield 
CO.  Conneilicut,  15  miles  N.  of  Litch- 
field, on  the  Maflachulfctts  line. 

Norman,  Cap*t  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
N  .  vfoundland  ifland,  is  on  the  gulf  of 
£  .  Lawrencr,  and  the  weltcrn  entrance 
of  the  narrow  bay  of  Mauco,  lo  leagues 
iiom  CapeFcrroi.  N.  lat.  51.  39.  W. 
^t  55*  $*•  High  water  at  full  and 
change  days  at  9  e^clock. 

HoKOUH A IJtaM/,  FerdmanJo,  in  the 

S.  Pacific  Ocean,  laid  dow^  in  lat.  3. 

56.  feuth,  and  long  31.  3S.  weft.  Cap- 

,  tain  Cook  Kt9  his  lecond  voyage,  looked 

*  %r  it  in^ng.  3a.  5.  but  did  not  find  it. 

No«mDGft»rALK,  m  Utrruigtwockt 

apeil.townin  Lincoln  co.  on|Cenne- 

^ck  river,  Maine,  incorporated  in  r788, 

and  contains  376  inhabitants.    It  is  10 

aaika  weft  of  Canaan*  139  N.  by  £.  of 


NOR 

Bofton,  and  5I7  nortb-ea(|  of  Philadcl* 
phia*  iW  Indian  town  of  thia  larae 
flood  about  40  mile*  above  Fort  H»ii- 
fax,  where  Kennebeck  river,  as  yofi  af- 
cend  it,  after  taking  a  fouth*wcttwi^d 
couriit,  turns  to  the  northward,  and 
forma  a  point  where  the  town  ftood. 
It  was  deftroyed  by  a  party  under  CpL 
Harman,  in  ifH* 

NoRRiTON,  the  principal  town  in 
Montgomery  co.  PamfvivaniSf  is  about 
so  miles  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  th#  Schuylkill,  having  about 
so  bodies  a  court-houfe  and  gaol,  am(  a 
handfbme  edifice  of  ftone  for  the  pre- 
fervation  of  records,  and  an  obfervatory. 
This  town  was  the  refidence  of  that  ce- 
lebrated philofopher  and  philanthro- 
phift,  Dr.  Davik  Ritinbtmft,  In  his 
Obftrvaitrft  near  his  manfion  houfe,  he 
was  interred,  agreeably  to  his  requcft^ 
June,  1790.  His  tomb  Ao|ie  contain^ 
nothing  but  his  name  and  the  fimpfe 
record  of  the  days  and  years  of  hia  birth, 
and  death.  **  Here,  (I'ayi  the  elegant 
writer  of  his  rulogy,  Dr.  R(*fli)  mall 
the  philofophers  of  future  ages  refort  to 
do  homage  to  hiy  tomb,  and  children 
yet  unlMrn  (hall  point  to  the  doma 
which  covers  it,  and  exultingly  fay,, 
.*«  Xhere  lies  our  RitteMhufr." 

NOKl^H  AMERICA  .comprehend* 
all  that  pait  of  the  contii^cnt  of  America 
which  lies  ^.  of  the  ifthmus  of  Darien, 
extending  N.  and  S.  from  about  the 
loth  degree  of  N.  latitude  to  the  North 
Pole ;  and  E.  and  W.  from  the  Atlan- 
tic to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  the 
57th  and  1 68th  degrees  of  W.  longitude 
from  Greenwich.  Beyond  the  7otli 
degree  N.  lat.  few  Jiiicoveries  have  beeii 
made.  North- America  wa»  difcovereci^ 
in  1495,  in  the  reign  of  itenry  VIII.  ,by 
John  Cabov,  a  Venetian  {  and  was  thei^ 
thickly  inhabited  by  Indians>  It  is  now 
fuppoied  that  there  U'c  not  mo*-e  thai^ 
two  millions  and  an  half  oi  the  Abori- 
gines in  North  and  Soiath  America. 
In  July,  1779,  Cant.  Cook  proccede<^ 
as  far  as  lau  7 1 ,  when  he  came  to  a  Co' 
lid  body  of  ice  from  continent  to  cpn- 
tiuent.  The  vaft  trafl  of  countiy, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
S.  and  E.  by  California,  New-Mexi- 
co and  Louiliana— the  United  States, 
Canada  and  the  Atlan'.ic  Ocean,  and  ex- 
tcndine  as  fiar  north  as  the  country  is 
habitable,  (a  few  fcattcred  Britiih^ 
Frenchj  and  ibmc  ather  European  iet,- 

taenia 


I 


<4 

'C 
u 

B 


2 


NOR 

tlcfiMfilt  flWfptrd)  it  inhftbUtil  wholly 
by  varioui  mtioaa  uid  tribn  of  ImlUnt. 
Tbe  Indiana  alio  poA«rt  larf  r  traAt  of 
country  within  th«  8puii(h,  American, 
and  BritlAi  dominioM.  Thofie  parts  of 
North- America,  not  inhabited  by  lii. 
diaiM,  belong  (if  ^"«  include  OrrenUnd) 
to  Denmark,  Great  Britain,  the  Ame- 
rican State*,  and  Spain.  Spain  clkim* 
Eall  and  Wirft  Florida,  and  all  W.  of 
the  Miflifippi,  and  8.  of  the  northern 
hflundarieaoftheLouirmna,  New  Mcx. 
•CO,  and  Califemta.  Great  Britain 
daima  all  the  country  innahitad  by  Eu- 
ropeans, lying  N.  and  E.  of  the  United 
States,  except  Greenland,  which  be- 
longs to  Denmark.  The  remaining 
part  is  the  territory  of  the  Sixteen  Unit- 
ed Statef.  The  particular  provinces 
and  States,  are  exhibited  in  tlie  follow- 
ing  table. 


NOIL 


Sff 


Be. 
long 
to. 

if 


TABLE. 

Countrln,  Pr$m 

vinctit  and 

Smm. 


Well- Greenland. 


f  New  Britain 
i  I  Upper- Canada 
J  I  Lower- Canada 
I  ;  Newfoundland 
^  ^  Cape  Breton  Ifland 
'S     New  Bniiil'wick         ? 
^  I  Nova- Scotia         7     j 

l.St.  John's  Ifland  J  in  i 


Ifymhr  ^ 
anti. 

10,0000 

unknown 
ao,ooo 

1)0,000 

7,000 

1,000 

35,000 
783    5,000 


'C 

u 

B 
<k 

Vm 
■0 

3 

V) 


< 


'Vermont  S5»5?9 

NewHampfl]ire  141,885 

Maflachufetts  7            378,787 

Diftri^l  of  Maine  S             96154-0 

khode-iaand  68,815 

Connecticut  a37*94<^ 

New- York  340,120 

New-Jerfey  184,139 

Pennfylvania  434-1 371 

Delaware  59i094 

Mary  and  3«9>7*8 

Virginia  747»6io 

Keniucicy  73><>77 

North  Carolina  391>75i 

South-Carolina  H9i073 

Georgia  82,548 

TennelTee,  in  1795,  77iaoo 

TerritoryN.  W.  <^Qhi^ 


trSaft-Plorida 
Wdl-PlorkU 
JLottiliana 
S  New.Mtxko 
Calilbmh 
I  Mexko,  or  New-Spdn* 

NOftTHAMrTOM*  •  brft iHMVfD  CO. 

ofPcnnrvlvaniai  ftHiated  mtht  N.  B. 
comer  or  the  State  on  OalaeraM  river* 
which  feparatee  it  from  iW  8tatt«f  Niww 
Jerfcy  and  New- York.  It  ia  divkM 
mto  »7  townlbips,  and  coataina  a4,*S0 
inhabitants 

NoRTHAMrroN,  a  townfliip  ia 
Buck's  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Northampton,  a  town  in  Nordi- 
ampton  co.  Pennfylvania,  on  th«  8.  W. 
bank  of  Lehigh  river,  j  or  (  mtlea  8.  W« 
of  Bethlehem. 

Northampton,  a  co.  of  Halifim 
diftriA,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  north  hy 
the  Sta'e  of  Virginia,  contaiimg  ^tfkt 
inhabitanta,  iniliHling  4,409  flaves. 

Northampton,  a  maritime  co.  r* 
Virginia,  fituated  on  the  point  of  the 
penmfula,  which  forma  the  E.  fidtof 
the  entrance  into  Chefapeak  Bay.  It 
has  the  ocean  E.  and  Accomack  co.  on 
the  north.  Its  fouthcm  extremity  ia 
Cape  Charles,  in  lat.  37.  11.  N.  and 
long.  75.57.  W.  eflf  which  is  the  fmall 
ifland  called  Smith's  iflami.  This  coon. 
ty  contains  6,889  inhabitanta,  inclndmr 
^,t44fl«ves.  The  lands  are  low  and 
fandy. 

Northampton  Coiir/-MN;/},inthe 
above  co.  where  a  poft-oflke  ia  kept,  ia 
40  milea  S.  by  W.  of  Accomack  courts 
lioufe,  43  north-eaft  of  Norfolkf  and  %iy 
ibuth  of  Philadelphia. 

Northampton,  a  reluedable poft* 
town  and  capital  of  Hampfliire  co.  Ma£- 
fachufetts,  fituated  within  a  bend  of 
Conne£licut  river,  on  its  W.  fide,  40 
miles  north  of  Hartford,  in  ConneAieot 
and  too  W.  of  Botton.  It  containa  a 
fpacious  congregrational  church,  a  courts 
hQufe,  gaol,  and  about  U  50  dwelling* 
houfes,  many  of  which  aregtnteel  btrild* 
ings .  Its  n^eadows  are  extenfive  and  fer* 
tile ;  and  it  carries  on  a  coniiderable  in- 
land ti-ade.  This  townlhip  wif.tncor. 
porated  in  1685,  and  coi.taina  u6at 
inhabitants.  ,1^ 

Northampton,  atownflii|p  inBu.-. 
lington  CO.  New-Jerfey,  which  containa 
about  56,000  acres,  half  of  which  ia 
under  improvement)  the  other  half  ia 

moftly 


S«9  NOR 

moftly  pine  barren,  Tbft  chief  place 
of  the  townfhip  is  calkfi  Mount  HtJl^. 
It  contains  about  150  houfest  an  Eptf- 
copai  churchy  a  Frter4'smeeting>houre, 
and  a  tnarket-houfe.  It  is  ftx  miles  from 
Trenton,  ant)  »9  from  Phil^eiphia*  See 
MmmtHoUy. 

NORTHBOROVGH,  a  townlhip  in 
Wmxvfterco.  Maflrachufetts,  formerly 
the  northern  part  of  Weftborough.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1760,  and  contains 
649  inhabitants*  It  is  10  miles  E.  of 
Woncefter,  ^id  36  W.  of  Bofton. 

KoRTHiaiPGE,  a  townfliip  in  Wor- 
cefter  co.  Maflachuirtts,  taken  from 
UxbridG:ef  which  bounds  it  on  the  S. 
•It  was  incorporated  in  i77»,  and  con- 
taint  569  inhabitants.  Biackflone  river 
runs  through  this  town.  It  is  i »  miles 
«.  by  E.  of  Worceftcr,  and  45  S.  W. 
•fBofton. 

NORTH- CAROLINA,  one  of  the 
United  States,  is  bounded  N.  by  Vir- 
einia;  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean;  S. 
\pf  S.  Carolina,  and  W.  by  the  State  of 
Tennel&e.  It  lies  between  33.  50,  and 
j6.  60  N.  lat.  and  between  76.  t.  and 
83.  S.  W.  long,  being  about  450  miles 
in  length,  and  iSo  in  breadth,  contain- 
ing, about  31,000  fquare  miles.  The 
(}iAri£ks  i»f  this  State  are  claffcd  in  three 
Jividons,  via.  The  Eajitm  diftri^s, 
Mdnttoit^  KewierH,  and  Wilrmngion — 
the  MiJMt  Diftii&SyFajettevilUy  Hittf- 
htrougbt  aiKi  Ualifax-^xnd  the  IVejUrn 
di1{ri£ls,  Morgan  and  Salijbury.  The 
eaftem  diftrifts  are  on  the  l<:a-coaft,  ex- 
tending from  the  Virginia  line  fouth  • 
ward  to  S.  Carolina.  The  five  others 
cover  the  whole  State»  W.  of  the  mari- 
time diftri^ts^  and  the  greater  part  of 
then)  extend  acrofs  the  State  from  N.  to 
S.  Thefe  diftri^is  are  fubdivided  into 
5^  counties  which  contained,  in  1790, 
31)3»75''  inhabitants,  of  whom  100,571 
were  (laves.  The  chief  rivers  of  N. 
Carolina  are  Chowan  and  its  branches, 
Roanoke,  Tar,  Neus,  and  Cape  Fear  or 
Clarendon.  Moftof  thefe  and  the  fmalU 
er  rivers  have  bars  at  their  mouths ;  and 
the  eoaft  fumiflies  no  good  harbours  ex- 
cept Cape  Fear.  There  are  two  re- 
niarkable/u>/»Di^/  in  this  State,  the  one 
iu  Currituck  cc  the  other  on  the  line 
between  this  State  and  Virginia,  See 
Currituei  County  x  iid  Dipnat.  The  moft 
remarkahley<M(/((£r  are  Albemarle,  Pam- 
lico and  Core  Sotinds— 'the  cap€Si  Look- 
out, Uatteras  and  Fear;  whi^h  aredcf- 


N  O  R 

cribed  under   their  ref^ieAire  names, 
Newbecn  is  the  largcft  town  in  the  State } 
the  other  towns  of  note  are  'Edcnton, 
Wilmington,    Halifax,    Hilliborough, 
Saliibuiy,   and  Fayetteville;    <|acl)  of 
which  have  been,  in  their  turns,  the 
feat  of  the  general  aflcmbly.'    Raleigh, 
fituated  near  the  centre  of  the  State,  has 
lately  been  eftablifhed  as  the  metropolis. 
N.  Carolina,  in   its  whole   width,   for 
60  miles  from  the  fea,  is  a  dead  level. 
A  great  propoition  of  this  traA  lies  in 
fbreft,  and  is  ban  en.    On  the  banks  of 
ibme  of  the  rivers,  particularly  of  the 
Roanoke,  the  land  is  fertile  and  good. 
Interfperled   through  the  other  parts, 
are  glades  of  rich  fwamp,  and  ridges  of 
oak  land,  of  a  black,  fertile  foil.  Sixty 
or  eighty  miles  from  the  fea,  the  coun- 
try  riles  into  hills  and  mountains,  as  in 
S.  Carolina  and  Georgia,   Wheat,  rye, 
barley,  oats  and  flax,  grow  well  in  the 
back  hilly  country.    Indian  corn  and 
pulfe  of  all  kinds,  in  all  parts.     Cotton 
and  hemp  arc  alio  confiderably  cultivat- 
ed here,  and  might  be  raifed  in  mucn 
greater  plenty.     The  cotton  is  planted 
yearly ;-  The  ftalk  dies  with  the  froft, 
The  labour  of '  on?  man  wiH  produce 
1000 pounds  in  the  feeds,  or  150  fit  fir 
manufafturing.     A  great  proportion  of 
tlie  produce  of  the  back  country,  ccn- 
filting  of  tobacco,  wheat,  Indian  corn^ 
&c.  IS  carried  to  market  in  S.  Carolina 
and  Virginia.     The  fouthem  interior 
counties  carry  their  produce  to  Charlef- 
town,  and  the  northern  to  Pettifburg,  in 
Virginia.     The  exports  from  the  lower 
parts  of  the  State,  are  tar,  pitch,  turpen. 
tine,  rofm,  Indian  corn,  boards,  icant- 
ling,ltaves,  fhingles,furs,  tobacco,  pork, 
laiKl,  tallow,  bees-wax,  myrtle-wax,  and 
a  few  other  articles,  amoimting  in  the 
year,  end inpc  September  30th,  i7y.T,  to 
524,548  dollars.     Their  trade  is  chief- 
ly with  the  Weft-Indies  and  the  north- 
em  States.    In  the  flat  country  near  the 
fea-coaft,  the   inhabitants,  during  the 
fummcr  and  autumn,  are  fub}e£l  to  in- 
termitting fevers,  which  often  prove  fa- 
tal, as  bilious  or  nervous  fymptoms  pre- 
vail.    The  wefteni  hilly  parts  of  the 
State  are  as  healthy  as  any  part  oi  Ame- 
rica.    That  country  is  fertile,  full  of 
fprings  and  rivuletj'of  pure  water.  Au- 
tumn   is  v-ry  pleafant,  both  in  regard 
to  the  te    >erature  and  ferenity  of  the 
weather*    and  the  richnefs  and  variety 
of  the  vegetable  |iroduAi(Wi8|  which  the 

fealbii 


won 

(AM  ilfSirA:  Thte  wihteri  iir^  fbinttd 
in  rome  ftiti»  ttMt  Uutathn  Mijr  bk  IMU 
to  cohtiMie  tin  rpriM^.  Wbeit  harvett 
is  in  the  bcginnini^  oi  Jane,  and  thM  6f 
Indian  corn  tarty  in  Sej^teiniiU^. 

The  large  MUmd  growth  bf  tfiie 
plains^  in  the  low  country,  is  almoft 
uniTerl&Ily  pitch  pine>  MrHich  is  a  tall 
handibnne  tree,  ftr  fuperibr  to  the  ^itdh 
phe  of  the  northern  States.  This  tree 
may  be  called  the  ftaple  connnodity'of 
N.Carolina.  It afforas pitch,  tar,  tvtr- 
pentine,  and  various  kinds  of  lumber, 
which»  together,  coWftitute  at  lead  one 
half  of  thp  exports  of  this  State.  No 
country  produces  finer  lArhite  and  red 
oak  for  naves.  The  fwamps  abound 
with  cyprefs  and  bay  trees.  The  latter 
is  an  evergreen*  and  is  food  for  the 
cattle  in  winter.  The  mifletoe  is  com- 
mon in  the  back  country.  This  is  a 
flirub,  which  diiicrs  in  kimi,  pei'haps, 
from  all  others.  It  never  grows  out  of 
the  earth,  but  on  the  t<^S  of  trees.  The 
roots  (if  they  may  be  fo  called)  rtin  un- 
iler  the  bark  of  the  tree,  and  incorporate 
with  the  wood.  It  is  an  evergreen  rc- 
fcmbling  the  garden  box-\^rood.  The 
kte  war,  by  which  N.  Carolina  was 
greatly  injured,  put  a  ftop  to  feveral 
iron-works.  There  are  four  or  'five  fur- 
naces in  the  State,  tbatalie  in  blaifi,Tind 
a  proportionable  number  of  forges.  The 
weitern  parts  of  this  State,  which  have 
teen  fettled  within  the  Uft  40  years, 
are  chiefly  inhabited  by  Prefbyterians 
from  Pennfylvattia,  the  ddcehdants  df 
people  from  the  North  6f  Irtland^  ahd 
are  exceedingly  attached  to  the  doArlnes, 
difc inline  and  ufages  of  the  church  of 
Scotland.  Th-^r  are  a  regular  induftri- 
oiis  people.  The  Moravians  have  fe< 
Vei  al  flonriHung  fettlements  in  the  upper 
art  of  this  State.  The  FriendS  or  Qua- 
ers  have  a  fettlemcnt  in  New-Garden  in 
Guildford  co,  and  feveral  congfcgations 
at  Pcquiralns  and  Pafquotank.  The 
Mcthoilifts  and  Baprifts  are  numerous 
and  increafing.  The  General  Affembly 
of  N.  Carolina,  in  December,  1789, 
pafll'd  a  law  incorporating  40  gentle- 
men, 5  from  each  diftrift,  as  truftees  of 
the  Univerfity  of  N.  Carolina.  The 
State -has  given  handlbme  donations  for 
he  endowment  of  this  feminary.  The 
General  Aflembty,  in  December,  1791, 
loaned  ^5,000  to  the  truftees,  to  enable 
them  to  proceed  immediately  with  their 
buiidln^r.    There  is.  a  «%ry  good  aca- 


I 


Iff  OR  Hi 

AOmf  «t  WaniMtMii  wdtiMr  it  WV.* 
IhMiftiflrpai^r  >H  anmvilk^  iM  tmia 
or  four  others  in  the  Sttte*  oC  eodWr* 
Wli  ntkei  NQkk-Cirin&  hu  IMd  s 
rAi»idgr6^hi  laehcyMrbftbitttdn- 
tawed  but  «b«ut  tio*%ncilmineii.  Li 
'794i  the  number  was  efttm»tcd«tadfat 
jo6be.  It  ii  no«v.  iiiptiint flf iiMi<'^^crs» 
«He  fourth  Stiaee  1*  (he  Itaion^  BytHe 
ConftitiitiMi  »f  thil  'StiXei  #Mcb  ««»  ci- 
tified in  DecMibcr  1796^  ill  if|>iArtti*« 
^tithority  to  ♦efted  in  tkM^  tlHktaift 
briiMe1tk»,  bdih  di)Mmdent  «n  ilte  peufitp 
viz.  a  SenMcahd  ttduAs  «>f  Oham&nb, 
.which,  wit^i  convened  fde  ba&va&i  are 
ftyled  the  General  AXtmhif.  Tikit^ 
nate  is  eompbred  df  rcprttfebtatlvek,  iHe 
frdm  eich  cotiilty,  chofen  kiibualW  bjr 
Halbt.  The  HbU  It;  of  Commons  confilw 
of  neprefentatives  chofen  In  the  fame  wa]r» 
2  for  each  county ,'<  and  one  for  each  of 
the  towns  of  BdentUiii,  Iftwbem,  Wil. 
mihgton,  Sanibury,  Hilliboroagh^  Malt:, 
fax,  and  F^yetteville.  The  hillbty  (ftf 
North  Cardliba  is  ^tfs  Intown  than  tbit 
ofany<ri^herof  till;  States.  From  Ae 
heft  accoiints  th^t  hiftdry  affordt,  the 
firft  permanent  fettlenMtit  in  North43i. 
rolina  was  made  about  the  year  fjlth, 
by  atitntiber  of  Palatiriis  frbin  Gertnkny» 
who  had  been  reditced  to  Ctrcamftarrcea 
of  great  indigence,  by  a  Calamitcnss  wii*. 
,Tbe  infant  colony  remained  ufldifr  the 
general  government  ed'  South-tSarolinay 
till  about  the  year  i7»9>  when  7  of  tile 
proprietors,  for  a  valuable  confTideratioO^ 
Vetted  their  property  and  jUrifdrftion  in 
♦he  crown  5  and  the  colT>ny  was  tt^^ 
into  a  feparate  province,  by  the  naiHt  bf 
North'iCarolbia,  and  its  prcfent  Kmk» 
eftablUhed  by  an  order  of  Gcoi^  H. 

North-Castlb,  atownfhipof  New- 
W)rk,  in  Weft-Chefter  c'».  north  6f 
Mount  Pleafant,  and  the  White  Plairft 
on  the  borders  of  ConneflicUt.  In  1 796, 
It  contained  2,478  inhabitants.  In  )7$1i» 
there  -•ere  173  of  the  inhabitants  quali- 
fied eieAors.  It  is-  to  miles  from  White 
Plains,  and  safrom  Ridgefield  in  Con- 
ne6ticut. 

North- East-,  a  fmall  riVerv<rhic1» 
empties  in  at  the  head  af  Chefape.-^k 
Bay,  about  5  nriles  below  Chnrleftowrt{ 
only  noticeable  for  the  quantity  other- 
rings  caught  in  it. 

NoRTH-E AST-Town,  atownlbipin 
DiitcheCs  CO.  New- York  i  about  90 miles 
N.  of  New- York  city  j  between  Rhyn* 
beck  and  Connecticut  well  Unr.     In 

179a 


i^fs  NO  R 

■  Miffo  it  eotataiiMil  s*4f >  IlihabkM(i. 
In  tn6  tlicre  woein  it  syi^qiaaliiiied 

•  ufenMn* 

NoftTH-SoiSTO  tabtf  on  th«  coaft 
flf  8»  GvoUnSf  ii  1 1  milet  from  Stono 
inlet,  ud  I  £.  N.  E.  from  South 
Cdifto. 

NoKTHBRN  JrcUpelag9  confift*  of 

■  fevciral  groups  of  Iflands»  which  we 
fituatsd  between  the  caftenl  coaft  of 
Kamtlchatka»  in  Afia»  and  the  wettern 
coaft  of.  America.  Thefe  iilanda  are 
tircquented  on  accoont  of  their  valuable 
furs.  If  the  accounts  of  navigators  who 
have  vifitsd  than  may  be  cmiited,  the 
ntatk  perftA  equality  reigns  among  thefe 
inlanders }   t\uy  live  in  the  primitive 

Ctffiarclnil  manner*  and  every  perfon 
iks  upon  his  ifland  as  a  pofleflion,  the 
property  of  which  is  common  to  all  the 
mdividusls  of  the  fame  fociety.  They 
£atm  cold  and  indiftrent  in  n:oft  of 
their  a&ions  i  but  kt  an  injury  or  even 
a  fofpicion  roufe  them  from  this  phleg- 
matic ftate>  they  become  inflexible  and 
Anrtouty  taking  the  moft  violent  re- 
vcnge,  without  any  reeard  to  the  con- 
fiquences .  The  k^  amiAion  prompts 
.  tirnn  to  fuicide. 

NORTHFiBLD>  a  townfhipin  Orange 
cOf  Vermont^  between  lo  and  30  miles 
.W*  of  Newburyy  in  the  W.  pait  of  the 
county. 

NoRTKPiBLDt  a  thriving  townfliip, 
ia'the  N.  part  of  Hampfhire  co.  Maf- 
£ichufctts  i  fituated  oit  the  £.  fide  of 
ConneAicut  river, ,  30  miles  N.  of 
Morthamptouy  .100  N.  W.  by  W.  of 
Bofton.  It  contains  86S  inhabitants. 
The  town  was  incorporated  in  176], 
and  fi>me  ye^r'  after  delblated  by  the 
Indians.  The  inliabitants  returned 
again  in  1685,  but  it  was  foon  after  de- 
ftroved  a  fecond  time.  In  171 3  it  was 
again  rebuilt,  and  one  third  of  the 
townfliip  was  taken  oiF,  and  incorporated 
by  the  name  of  Hinfdale.  Fort  Dum- 
merwas  in  the  vicinity  of  this  town. 

NoRTHFiELD,  a  fmall  town  in 
Rockingham  co.  New-Hampfliire  taken 
from  danterbury,  on  the  £.  fide  of 
Merrimack  river,  and  incorporated  in 
l7<o.     It  contained  606  inhabitants. 

NoRTHFiELD,  a  townfliip  in  Rich- 
mond county,  Staten>iflamt,  New- 
York,  containing  loii  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 133  qualified  elc£lors,  and  133 
.flaves. 

North  Hampton,  a  townlhtp  of 


NOR 

New.Hampdiire,  in  Rockinghmir  co. 
which  contains  657  inhabitants,  taken 
from  Hampton  and  incorporated  in 
«74*. 

North-Havbn,  a  townfliip  of  Con- 
ne£ltcut,  fituated  in  New.Havei^  co.  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Eaft  river,  f  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  New-Haven,  and  3s  S.  by  W.  of 
Hartford.  It  was  fettled  in  1660  by  35 
men,  principally  from  Saybrook.  This 
town  is  the  birth-place  of  that  learned, 

Eious  and  excellent  man.  Dr.  ExraStilck, 
ite  prefident  of  Yale  college. 

North-Hempstead,  a  townfhip 
inQy^een's  co.  Long-Ifiand,  Ncw.Y(^k, 
bounded  eafterly  by  Oyfter  Bay,  north- 
erly by  the  found,  and  fouth  by  South- 
Hempltead.  In  1790,  it  contained 
1696  inhabitants,  of  whom  507  were 
flaves.  In  1796,  231  of  the  inhabi- 
tants were  qualified  elcAors.  The  foil 
is  but  indifferent. 

North-Huntihgton,  a  townfliip 
in  Weftmoreland  co.  Pennfylvania. 

North  Ijland,  on  the  coaft  of  South- 
Carolina,  lies  on  the  north  fide  of  Win- 
yah  harbour.  ^ 

Northlined  Laktt  in  N.  Ameri- 
ca, IS  about  160  miles  S.  of  the  head  of 
Chefterfield  Inlet  j  is  full  jf  iflands,  and 
about  So  miles  long,  and  25  broad. 

North  Kingstown,  a  town  in 
Waflungton  co.  Rhode-Ifland,  which 
carries  on  a  confiderable  trade  in  the 
fiflieries,  befides  fome  to  the  Weft- In. 
dies.  Its  harbour  is  called  Wick.'brd, 
on  the  weft  fide  of  Narraganfet  Bay, 
oppofite  the  north  end  df  Csnonnicut 
Ifland.  It  is  about  8  miles  north-weft 
of  Newport,  and  ao  foutherly  of  Provi- 
dence. The  townfliip  contains  2,907 
inhabitants. 

North  Mountain,  one  of  the 
ridges  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
which  extends  through  Vir^iinia  and 
Pennfylvania.  There  is  a  curious  fyphon 
fountain  in  Viiginia,.near  the  interfec- 
tion  of  Loid  Fairfax's  boundary  with 
the  North  Mountain,  not  far  from 
Brock's  Gap,  on  the  ftream  of  which  is 
a  grift-mill,  whirh  grinds  two  buftiels 
of  grain  at  every  flood  of  the  fpring. 

NortmpoRt,  a  townfliip  in  Han- 
cock CO.  Diftri^l  of  Maine,  taken  from 
the  northerly  part  of  Duck- Trap  Plan- 
tation, and  incorporated  in  1796. 

North  Rebf,  off  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  lies  in 
lat.  ao.  33.  N«  and  long.  $9.  ss.  W. 

North 


NOR 
NOKTIiRiVBRtiiiNew.York.  See 

No«tH  Ri  VEii,  in  Maflachufettf ,  for 
Stti  fiie*  U  remarkable  far  its  depth  of 
water»  tieing  in  fome  places  not  more 
than  40  or  50  teet  wide,  yet  veilels  of 
jootiins  are  built  at  Pembroke,  andde- 
fcendtoMaflachufettsBay,  it  miles dif. 
lant,  as  the  river  runs.  It  rifes  in  Indian 
Head  Pond,  in  Pembroke,  and  runs  a 
Terpentine  coorfe  between  Scituate  and 
Marfltfield.  The  river  is  navigable  for 
boats  to  the  firft  fail,  5  miles  from  its 
fource.  Thence  to  the  neareft  waters 
which  run  into  Taunton  river,  is  only 
three  miles.  A  canal  to  connc6l  the 
waters  of  thefe  two  rivers,  which  com- 
municate with  Narraganfet  and  Maflfa- 
chufetfs  bay>,  would  be  of  great  utility, 
as  it  would  fave  a  long  and  dangerous 
navigation  round  Cape  Cod. 

North  River,  a  veiy  confiderable 
river  of  New- Mexico,  in  North- Ameri- 
ca, which  rifes  in  the  north  part  of  it, 
and  dire£ls  its  couiTe  to  the  S.  E.  and 
empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the 
W.  end,  in  and  about  lat.  z6.  12.  N. 

North  River,  a  branch  of  Fluvan- 
na river,  in  Virginia.  See  Cow  aaJCalf 
Pafture: 

North  Salem,  a  townfliip  in  Weft- 
Cheller  co.  New- York,  bounded  fouth- 
erly  by  Salem,  eafterly  by  ConneAlcut, 
northerly  by  Duchefs  co.  and  wefterly  ' 
by  the  middle  of  Croton  river.  In  1 7  90, 
it  contained  1058  inhabitants,  including 
58  daves.  In''  1796,  i6t  of  the  inha* 
Sitants  were  qualiHed  eledors. 

North  Sea,  is  a  name  that  has  been 
given  by  geographers  to  various  parts 
of  the  oceans,  where  they  happen  to 
walh  the  northern  paits  of  the  Ameri- 
can continent  or  iflands.  Thus,  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
further  to  the  eaft,  fi'om  their  waters 
wafliing  the  N.  coaft  of  Mexico  or  New 
Spain  in  North-America,  and  Terra 
Firma  in  South-America,  have  been 
diftinguifhed  by  this  name.  It  has  alfo 
been  applied  to  the  fouthem  part  of  th..- 
Gulf  oi  Mexico,  in  particular  bv  the 
Spaniards,  on  their  crofltng  the  ifthmus 
of  Darien  from  the  N.  to  the  S.  coaft, 
in  oppofition  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  to 
which  they  gave  the  name  of  the  South 
Sea.  Tlie  Atlantic  Ocean  alfo  on  the 
£.  coaft  of  N.  Anwrica  has  been  fome- 
times  alfo  called  the  N.  Sea ;  which  ap- 
pellation hai   alfo  been  given  to  the 


Ndit 


3«l 


FrMeiiOcein,  fitmitt1|0vndtiij|M'(MtIi^ 
America  oir  the  north.    .' 

North  Sound  Point  b  the  fm^ 
jeAing  jtoin^  of  land  on  the  N.  E.  fide 
of  th^iAand  of  Antigai,  in  the  Weft« 
Indies  and  is  about  S.  S.  E.  fraai 
Lon^  Ifland. 

Northumberland,  H.  town  'm 
Grafton  co.  New- Hampfliire,  litnaoel 
on  the  B.  fide  df  Connefticut  river,  ac 
the  mouth  of  the  Upper  Amcmooibck. 
It  was  incorporated  m  1779,  ''"^  c<nu 
tains  XI 7  inltabitants.. 

Northumberland,  a  cotmty  of 
Pennfylvania,  bounded  N.  by  Lvcoro- 
ing}  S.  and  W.  by  Dauphhi  and  Mif- 
flin counties.  It  is  divided  into  t9 
townfhips,  and  in  1790  contained  i7,i<R 
inhabitants.  The  county  of  Lycomiiig; 
has  fince  the  cenfus  been  lately^  taken 
from  it,  but  the  county  is  ilippofiRi  to 
contain  nearly  as  many  inhabitants  aa 
before ;  a  great  number  of  people  bar- 
ing emigrated  to  this  part  of  the  State. 
Chief  town,  Simbury. 

Northumberland,  a  flouridiliw 
poft-town  in  the  above  county,  fituatd 
on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  E.  and  W.  branches  of 
the  Sufquehannah.  It  is  laid  out  regu- 
larly, and  contains  about  iio  houfes,  a 
Pre^yterian  church,  and  an  academy. 
It  is  a  miles  N.byW.  of  Sunbuty,  aM 
«4  N.  W.  by  W.  of  PhiJadelphia. 

Northumberland,  a  county '<^ 
Virginia,  bounded  E.  by  Chefapeak  Bay* 
and  W.  by  Richmond.  It  coniaina 
9,163  inhabitants,  including  4r4><io 
ll?.ves.  The  coUrt-faoufe,  where  a  poft> 
efBce  is  kept,  is  i»  miles  from  Kinfak* 
1 3  from  Lancafter  court-houfe,  86  from 
Frederickfburg,  and  317  fiom  Phtladel" 
phia. 

Northumberland,  aco.  ofPeno. 
iylvania.  There  is  iron  ore  in  this  coun. 
tyi  alfo  a  fait  fpring. 

North-Wales,  a  town  of  Caroline 
CO.  Virginia,  on  Pamunky  river,  about 
z  miles  below  f he  jun^ion  of  N.  and  S. 
Anna  branches. 

North  West  CaAsr  of  AtMeric^i. 
The  country  on  the  N.  weftern  part  o£ 
ti.e  continent  of  America,  lying  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  is  thus  denominated. 
According  to  accounts  given  by  voya* 
gers  to  this  coaii,  the  vaft  country  lying 
upon  it,  with  very  little  deviation,  haa 
the  appearance  of  one  continued  foreft, 
being  covered  with  pines  of  differetit 

fpecies. 


fU  NOR 

IwdtaH  'Mi  tltt(^  intermixed  with  aU 
dcr*  birdi*  witct)«liule»  tic.  befides  va* 
rimu  kinds  of  bniAwood ;  and  the  val- 
fiea  aad  low  groondt  afford  wild  eur- 
iukff  iNxflebmlcf,  raTpbcrries,  ahd  va- 
tiirat  Iow(i9i?i^  flirubs.  On  the  coaft 
are  many  illa'nds,  fpacious  bays,  com- 
nodioot  harbours,  and  months  of  navi- 
an^  rivei'S)'  atnong  the  former  arc 
Wafliingion,  or  Ojueen  Charlotte's  Id- 
•ndh*  extending  <rom  N.  lat.  51. 41.  to 
54«  it.  W.  lone  iVom  Greenwich  ia9. 
54.  to  133'.  ii.  Hei'e  are  Nootka  Sound, 
Admiralty  Bay,  aud  Port  Mulgrave, 
.  jhrince  WiUijtan's  Sound,  Cook's  river ; 
die  ,|*ninfiila  of  AUdka,  and  the  iflands 
Ibnpunding  h»  Briftol  Bay,  and  Kor* 
tonSotindi  which  lad  lie  S.  eadward 
•f  Behring^a  Straits.  The  coaft  is  in- 
iMbitcd  by  numerous  but  fmail  tribes' of 
Indians  {  each  tribe  appearing  to  be  in- 
dependent, and  jeoTerned  by  its  own 
Auf,  They  dilkr  from  each  other  in 
their  langu>ge  and  cuftoms,  and  are 
]firequently  at  war.  It  is  impofliBle  to 
afcertain  with  any' degree  of  certainty 
the  namber  of  inhabitants  j  but  they 
liave  been  computed  at  10,000,  from 
litootka  Sound  to  Cook's  river,  an  ex- 
tent of  abo^t  tooo  miles.  The  natives 
•1*6  jfbr  the  moft  part  fliort  in  ftature, 
their  faces,  men  and   women,   are  in 

Cera!  flat  and  round,  with  high  cheek 
e»  and  flat  nofes,  and  their  teeth 
white ;  and  rq^ular.  Their  complex- 
ions are  lighter  than  the  ibuthem  In- 
dians, and  ibme  of  their  women  have 
rofy  cheeks.  Both  fexes  are  fond  of 
ornamenting  themfelves  with  beads  and 
trinkets,  and  they  generally  paint  their 
hands  and  faces.  They  have  a  cuftom 
of  noafcing  a  longitudinal  flit  in  the  im- 
der  lip,  between  the  mouth  and  chin, 
ibme  of  Ithem  as  large  as  the  mouth,  in 
which  they  weav  a  niece  of  bone,  wood 
•rivoiy,  fitted  with  holes  in  it,  from 
which  they  fufpend  beads  as  low  as  the 
chin.  There  appears  to  be  a  greater 
uniformity  in  the  drciV  of  the  different 
tribes,  than  in  their  ornaments.  The 
aperture  or  fecond  mouth,  above  the 
chin,  lecms  confined  to  the  pien  of 
Cook's  river  and  Prince  William's 
Sound }  whilft  the  wooden  ornament 
,in  the  under  lip  is  worn  by  the  'ujamen 
only,  in  that  part  of  the  coaft  from  Port 
Mulgp-ave  to  Qneen  Charlotte's  Illands. 
The  inhabitants  wholly  fubfift  by  fifh- 
ing  and  hunting.    Theic  cloathing  is 


NOR 

ipade  of  the  fltins  of  animalt  Mnd  birds. 
They  live  in  a  very  dirty  JJnanner,  and 
are  >)  complete  uiAureof  tikh  and  id|6'< 
lentje.    The  chief  objeA   of  civilised 
nations  ui  navigating  this  coaft  hitherto, 
has  been  to  traffic  with  the  native^  /or 
furS)  which  theyjKive  in  exc|ban|;e  fi^ 
pieces  of  iron,  naus,  beads,  _pen^nivcs 
and  other  trifling  trinkets.    Thefeiitra 
are  carried  to  China,  and  difpoftd  of  to 
a  great  profit.    The  (kins  obtained  are 
tliofe  of  the  fea-otter,  racoon,  pine-mar- 
tin,  land  beaver,,  earlefs  mammot,  &c. 
The  other  articles  which  might  be  pro- 
cured are  ginfcng,   copper,  oil,  fjKirs, 
&c.  with  great  quantities  of  falmon. 
Prom  1785  to  February  17^8,  there  had 
arrived  at  China  from  this  coaft  9  vef- 
iels  of  different  nations.     Six  of  thefe 
had  furs,  fold  for  96,841  dollars  j  two 
Fjrcnch  ihips,  54,837  doHs.  and  17,006 
flcins  imported  by  the  Spaniards  unfold. 
What  furs  the  RulTians  procure  is  not 
known,  as    they  never  carry  them  to 
Canton.    An  inlami  fca  has  been  lately 
difcovered  in  this  country.    Mr.  £t>  [ 
ches,  who  fitted  out  fltips  from  England,  < 
has  lately  difcovered,  that  all  the  weft« 
ern  coaft  of  America  from  lat.  48.  to  57. 
N.  is  not  a  continued  trafl  of  land,  but 
a  chain  of  iflands  which  had  never  be^ 
explored,  and  that  tliofe  concealed  tlva^ 
entrance  to  a  vaft  inland  fea,  like  thO^ 
Baltic  or  Mediteiranean  in  Europe,  and 
which    feems    likewife    to   be  full  of 
iflands.  Among  thefe  Mr.  Etches'  fliip, 
the  Princefs  Royal,  penetrated  feverai 
hundred  leagues  in  a  N.  E.  direflion, 
till  they  came  within  soo  leagues  of 
Hudfon's  Bay ;  but  as  the  intention  of 
the   voyage   was    iperely  commercial, 
they  had  not  time  fully  to  explore  the 
Archipelago  juft    mentioned,   nor  did 
they  arrive  at  the  termination  of  this 
new  Mediterranean  Sea.    The  iflands, 
of  which  upwan^s  of  50  were  vifited, 
were   inhabited  by  tribes  of  Indians, 
who  appeared  very  friendly,  and  well 
difpofed    to    carry    on    a    conimerce. 
Soma  fliips  are  fitting  out  at  one  of  the 
ports  of  England  for  the  iame  place,  I'o 
that  further  difcoveries  may  foon  be  ex- 
pe£led.     In  conlcqucnce  of  an  expedi- 
tion imJertaken  in  17S7,  Capt.  J.  Ken- 
drick,  of  the  fliip  Columbia,  while  pro- 
fecuting  an  advantageous  voyage  with 
the  natives  for  furs,  purchafed  of  them 
It  is  bid,  for  the  owners,  a  trac^  of  de- 
lightful country,  comprehending  four 

degrees 


V* 


^int»  oiP  latittide^  or  946  mikt  Tqtlafe. 
The  deedi  are  fiud  to  be  in  China,  and 
regiAered  in  the  office  of  the  American 
confuti  the  agents  tn  London  are  au- 
thorhed  to  treat  with  any  gentleman 
or  aflbciationfor  the  purchafe  of  a  trafl 
of  land  no  whet-e  exceeded  for  fertility 
and  climare,  and  which  may  perhaps  by 
a  prudent  management  of  fome  wile 
conftilution,  become  of.  the  utmoft  im< 
jibrtance. 

NoftTH>wB«T  RivtTt  a  branch  of 
Cape  Fear,  or  Clarendon  river,  in  N. 
Carolina.  It  is  formed  by  the  junfti'.n 
of  Haw  and  Deep  rivers ;  and  it  is  306 
yards  wide  at  Amwood,  So  or  90  miles 
al)0ve  the- Capes }  even  when  the  ftream 
is  low,  and  within  its  banks.  See  Cafe 
Fear  Rivtr.  On  the  weft  fide  of  this 
river,  about  40  miles  above  Afhwood, 
in  t^  banks  of  a  creek,  5  or  6  feet  be- 
low the  fandy  furface,  are  to  be  feen 
proJeAing  out  many  feet  in  length, 
trunks  of  trees  entirely  petrified. 

North-Wbst  Territory.  See 
Temtorj, 

North  WOOD,  an  interior  and  elevat- 
ed townAiIp  in  Rockinzham  co.  New- 
Hampfliire,  in  which^  and  on  its  bor- 
ders, are  a  number  of  fmall  ponds,  whofe 
waters  feed  Pifcataqua  and  Suncook 
rivers.  It  was  incorporated  in  1773  ; 
contains  744  inhabitants,  and  is  about 
39  miles  north-weft  of  Portfmouth. 
Cryftals  and  cryftalline  fpars  are  found 
iiere. 

North- Yarmouth,  a  poft-town 
of  the  Diftri£l  of  Maine,  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  on  a  I'mall  river  which  falls  in- 
to Cafco  Bay.  It  is  17  miles  W.  by 
S.  ofBrunfwick,  14  north  of  Portland, 
and  140  E.  of  Bofton.  The  townfliip 
isextenfive,  was  incorporated  in  1713, 
and  contains  1,978  inhabitants.  Cuf- 
leii's  river  divides  it  from  Freeport  on 
the  N.  E; 

Norton,  a  townfliip  in  Effex  co. 
Vermont,  fituated  on  the  Canada  line, 
having  Canaan  eaft,  and  Holland  on  the 
weft. 

No  a  TOM,  a  townfliip  of  MaflUchu- 
fetts,  iltuated  inBriftolco.  and  33  miles 
Ibuthward  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpc- 
rared  in  171 1,  and  contains  1428  inha- 
bitants. The  annual  amount  of  the  nail 
manufafliii'e  here  is  not  lefs  than  300 
tons.  There  is  alfo  a  manufaflnre  of 
•chre  which  is  found  here,  fimilar  to 
that  at  Taunton« 


Nofttblf,  afettlementotithcnorth:^ 
eaft  coaft  of  Cape  Breton  ifland.       - 

Norton's.  5ff<«f,  on  *thc  N.  W.  eoaft 
of  N.  America,  extendi  from  Cape  Dar* 
by  on  the  N.  N.  W.  tb  Cape  Ddibigh, 
or  Cape  Stephoi*!  on  the  8.  or  8.  £• 
N.  lat.  64.  50%  ' 

NoRWALK,  a  jdeafant  poft-town  ia 
Fairfield  co.  Connecticut,  fituated  on 
the  N.  fide  of  Long-Ifland  Sound.  It 
contains  a  Congregational  and  Epifco^ 

Eal  church,  which  are  neat  edifices,  and 
etween  40  and  50  compajl  houfes.  f 4 
is  1 3  miles  W.  by  S.of  Fairfield,  34  8. 
W.  by  W.  of  New.Haven,  54  N.  E.  of 
New- York,  and  144  from  Philadelphia. 
N.  lat.  41.  9.  W.  long.  73.  47.  The 
townfliip  is  fituated  in  a  fertile  wheat 
country,  and  was  fettled  in  16  51.  Heri 
are  iron-works  and  a  number  of  miliar 
It  has  a  fmall  trade  to  New- York  and 
the  Weft-Indies. 

Norway,  a  townfhipof  New-York, 
in  Herkemer  co.  incorporated  in  179a. 
By  the  State  cenfus  of  1796,  it  contain* 
ed  2164  inhabitants,  of  whom  353  |vert 
electors. 

Norway,  anew  townfltip  in  Cam- 
berland  co.  DiftriCt  of  Maine,  incorpo* 
rated  1797. 

Norwich,  a  confiderable- townfltip 
in  Windfor  co.  Vermont,  on  the  well 
fide  of  Connecticut  river,  oppofite  to 
Dartmouth  College.  It  conums  1138 
inhabitants. 

Norwich,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  »4  miles  S.  W.  of 
Northampton,  and  114  weft  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  17731  't'd  con- 
tains 741  inhabitants. 

Norwich,  a  city  and  poft-town  of 
Connecticut,  and  of  the  fecond  rank  in 
New- London  co.  fituated  at  the  head  of 
navigation  on  Thames  river,  14  milea 
north  of  New-London,  and  40  S.E.  of 
Hartford.  This  commercial  city  has  a 
rich  and  extenfive  back  country;  and 
avails  itfelf  of  its  happy  fituation  on  a 
navigable  river,  which  affords  a  great 
number  of  convenient  feats  for  mills, 
and  water  machines  of  all  kinds.  The 
inhabitants  manufacture  paper  of  all 
kinds,  ftockings,  clocks  and  watches, 
chaifes,  buttons,  ftone  and  earthen 
ware,  oil,  chocolate,  wire,  bells,  an- 
chors, and  all  kinds  of  forge- work.  The 
city  contains  about  450  dwelling  houfes, 
a  court-houfe,  and  two  churches  for 
Congregationalifts,  and  one  for  Epifco- 

B  b  jpalians, 


«r 


lH  NaT 

j^iiMt  mi  «1»otit  3000  tnhabituiti. 
*  The  city  U  in  ttirec  detached,  compaft 
|jfvifi99«»  ▼>>•  CbeKca,  at  tha  landing, 
the  Town,  and  Bean  Hill ;  in  the  latter 
divifioQ  la  an  academy,  and  in  the  town 
la  an,endowed  fchqo) .  The  courta  of  law 
•re  held  alternately  at  New.London  and 
)lorwi«h.  This  town  was  fettled  in 
a66o,  by  35  men,  principally  from  Say- 
^roolc.  It  it  as  I  miles  N.  £.  of  Phila- 
delphia. N.  Iat4i.  34.  W.  long, 72. 19. 

Norwich,  a^townfliip  in  Tioga  co. 
)9ew-York,  taken  fiora  the  towna  of 
Jeriohp  and  Union,  and  incoriwrated  in 
)793.  It  ia  fettled  principally  by  peo- 
pie  from  Conne£ltcut)  is  bounded 
'  ^utherly  by  Oxford,  and  lies  5s  miles 
wreft  of  Cherry  Valley.  "Ry  the  State 
ccnfus  of  1796,  1 29  of  it»  inhabitants 
were  electors. 

Notch,  The,  a  pafs  in  the  weftem 
part  of  the  White  Mountains,  in  New- 
Hunpfhiie  $  the  narroweft  part  of  which 
if  but  11  feet  v^ide,  between  '.wo  per- 
peiadicular  rocksl  It  is  25  miles  nom 
^  ^he  Upper  Coos.  From  the  height 
abo^  It  a  brook  defcends,  and  meanders 
tbroagh  a  meadow,  formerly  a  heaver 
pond.  It  is  furrounded  by  rocks,,  which, 
on  one  flde,  are  perpendicular,  an<i  on 
the  others,  rife  in  an  angle  of  45  decrees, 
a  ftrikiM;ly  pi6lurefque  fcene.  This  de-. 
lile  was  known  to  the^  Indians,  who  for- 
merly le4  their  captives  through  it  to 
Canada ;  but  it  had  been  forgotten  or 
liegl$£ted,  till  the  year  177 1,  when  two 
htmters  pafled  through  it.  There  is  a 
~road  this  way  now  to  the  Upper  Coos. 

Notch,  Cape,  is  the  w.  point  of 
Goodluck  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan.    S.  lat.  53.  33.  W.  long.  74.  34 

NOTTAWAY,'a  fmall  river  of  Vir- 
ginia, which  runs  £.  by  S.  and  receives 
Blaelc  Water  on  the  line  of  N.  Carolina ; 
thence  ptirfuing  a  S.  by  W.  courfe  of 
about  10  miles,  it  joins  the  Meherrin } 
the  confluent  ftream  then  aflfumes  the 
name  of  Chowan  river,  and  empties  in- 
to Albemarle  Soand. 

NoTTAWAV,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N.  and  N.  W.  by  Amelia,  from 
«diich  it  was  taken  in  the  year  17S0. 
See  Amelia, 

Nottingham,  a  townfhip  in  Rock- 
ingham CO.  New-Hamp(hire,  14  miles 
N.  of  Pxeter,  and  15  N.  W.  of  Pwtf. 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1711, 
and  contahis  106S  inhabitants. 

NoTTi/iGHAM,  Wtfi,  » towi^b,  in 


ST 


N  O  V 

Hilliborougk  co.  New-HmpAire,  fittN 
ated  on  the  E.  fide  of  Merrimack  river» 
50  miles  diftant  from  Portfmouth,  wa» 
incor|)oratcd  in  1746*  and  contains  1064 
inhabitants.  It  has  Maflstcbufettf  lint 
for  its  fouthern  boundary,' which  di- 
vides it  from  Dracut,  Knd  is  about  45 
miles  N.  N.  W.  of  Bofton. 

Nottingham,  a  townfliip  in  Chef, 
ter  CO.  Pt-nnfylvania. 

NoTTiHCHAM,  the  miaft  northcAi 
town  of  Burlington  co.  New.JeH'ey,  fi. 
tuated  on  the  eaftem  bank  of  Delaware 
river,  between  Bordentowa  and-Treo* 
ton. 

Nottingham,  a  town  in  Prince 
George's  CO.  Maryland/ ^tuated  onPa- 
tuxenr  river,  neaily-i&miles  north-eaft- 
erly  of  Pifcataway,  and  ao  S.  £.  of  the 
Federal  City. 

Nova-Scotia,  formerly  called  ^fvO" 
Satlatid,  a  BritiOi  province  of  North- 
America ;  feparated  on  the  N.  E.  from 
Cape  Breton  Uland,  by  the  Gut  of  Canrr 
fo ;.  on  the  N.  it  has  a  part  of  the  Gul)[' 
;  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  the  Straits  of  Nor^^ 
thumberland,  which  divide  it  from  the 
iiland  of  St.  John's  1  on  the  W.  it  lia» 
New-Br«nfwicltf  and  the  bay  of  Fundy  } 
on  the  S.>and  S.E.  tlie  Atlantic  Ocean, 
Its  length  is  about  135  miles  from  C^pe 
Sable  on  the  S.  W.  to  Cape  Canfo  on 
the  N.  E.  Its  extrenae  breadth  is  88 
miles  f  but  between  the  head  of  Halifax 
harbonr  and  the  town  of  Windfor,  at 
the  head  of  the  S.  E.  arm  of  the  BaHii 
of  Minas  it  is  only  ^bout  %i  mUe» broad. 
It  contains  1,789,000  acres  ^  of  which 
3  million*  have  been  granted,  and  %■ 
milliona  fettled  and  wider  impEovement. 
Nova-Scotia  is.  accommodatra  with  ma- 
ny fpaeious  harbours,  hays,  and  coves 
of  mclterr  ecptal  to  any  m  the  world. 
The  chief  ot  tl^ele  are  Can(b,  Halifax, 
on  ChebuAo  Bay,  Chedahn£lo,  Frede- 
rick,George,Torbay,Chailotte,  King's, 
Barrington,  Townfeml,  St.  Mary's,  An- 
napolis Royal,  the  Bafin  of  Mmat,  the 
B^y  of  Fundy }  and  a  vaft  ntimber  of. 
.apes,  lakej,  and  rivers,  which  are  de- 
I'cribed  under  their  refpeflive  names. 
The  moft  remarkable  mountains  are  the 
Highland  of  Afpotagoen,  and  the  Ardois 
Mountain.  The  fouthern  ihores  preitnt 
to  the  eye  of  a  ftranger  rather  an  un- 
favourable appearance*  being  in  general 
broken  and  Itoney^  but  the  innumer- 
able iflands  along  its  coafts,  coves,  and. 
harboMrs,   though  genci.:!ly  cpmpofed 

oJf 


•^  Voeky  ftibft«ncet,  a{>pear  deftg^ecl  ^jr 
nature  tor  the  drying*  or  (i(ht  bcin|;  co- 
vered with  matefiaU  for  fi(h-fl»kes  and 
ftaees  t  and  there  is  land  fuflicient  for 
paiurea  and  gardens^  to  ferve  the  pur- 
toofes  of  6ihermen.  As  you  advance 
into  the  back  country^  it  wears  a  more 
promifing  appearance}  and  at  Corn- 
wallis,  Windibr,  Hnrton,  Annapolis, 
Cumberland,  Cobequid,  PiAou,  and 
along  the  northern  (hores  of  the  pro- 
vince, there  are  extenfive,  well  improved 
farms.  The  gradual  improvements  in 
huibandry,  which  has  been  encouraged 
by  the  laudable  eflTorts  and  fuccefsful 
^experiments  of  the  agricultural  fociety, 
lately  eftabliHied  herej  afford  fome  good 

f  round  to  expeA  that  Nova.Scotia  may 
ecome  a  flourifliing  colony.  The 
lands  in  general,  on.  the  iea>coaft,  the 
county  of  Lunenburgh  excepted,  and  a 
few  hills  of  good  land,  are  rocky,  and 
interfperfed  with  fwamps  and  barrens. 
The  growth  in  general  is  a  mixture  of 
fpruce^  hemlock,  pine,  fir,  beech,  and 
fome  rock  maple,  which  ^imifli  an  in- 
exhauftible  fupply  for  (hip-building and 
•ther  purpofes. 

The  coaft  abounds  with  fifli  of  vari- 
ous kinds,  as  cod,  falmon,  mackerel, 
herring,  alewives,  trout,  &c.  aud  being 
near  to  the  banks,  of  Newfoundland, 
Qucro,  and  Sable  banks,  fiflieries,  under 
proper  management  and  regulations, 
might  be  carried  on  with  certainty  of 
fuccefs.  There  ai'e  mines  of  coal  at 
Curriberland,  and  on  the  Eaft  river, 
which  falls  into  Piflou  harbour.  There 
is  plenty  of  bog  and  mountain  ore  in 
Annapolis  townfliip,  on  the  borders  of 
Ni£lau  river,  and  a  bloomery  is  erefted 
there.  Copper  has  been  found  at  Cape 
D'Or,  on  the  north  fide  of  the  Bafin  of 
Minas.  The  forts  in  this  province  are 
Fort  Edward,  Cumberland,  andOoin- 
wallis.  Nova-Scotia  is  divided  into  8 
counties,  viz.  Hants,  Halifax,  King's, 
Annapolis,  Cumberland,  Sunbury, 
Queen's,  and  Lunenburg.  Thde  are 
fubtlivided  into  above  40  townfhips. 
The  whole  population  of  Nova- Scotia, 
New-Brunfwick,  and  the  iflamis  ad- 
joining  is  ettimated  at  about  50,000. 
The  amount  of  imports  from  Great< 
Britain  to  this  country,  at  an  averagfe  of 
3  years,  before  the  new  fettlements,  was 
about  z6,5ool.  The  articles  exported 
in  exchange  are,  timber  and  the  produce 
t>f  the  fifberyi  which  »t  a  large  average 


6KH 


$ty 


aHioiihtt  to  3S,oool.  Novii-SiMlb  wt^ 
confirmed  to  Greit>Britaia  in  f7<o* 
Halifax  is  the  metropolii.  See  NrW" 
Brunftoiek,  CatuUkt  tec. 

NouvELLBy  Lap   commonly  eftll«l: 
Eaft  Nouvclle,   lies  on   the  nortbern 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bayi  It  is  a  fmall  riveiV' 
about  4  leagues  from  Port  Daniel. 

Nou ViLLE,  La  Graade,  or  lf^efi,Noa» 
vil/e,  on  the  northern  fide  of  Chaleur 
Bay,  is  above  one  league  fiom  Carletali> 
where  is  alfo  a  cuftom-houfe,  and  H  re*' 
fpeAable  mercantile  houfck 

NoXAN,  or  SoxoHton,  or  Nm  T9>am% 
a  town  of  New-Calile  co.  DJaware,  %t. 
miles  Nk  of  Dover,  and  9  S.  by  S.  W4 
of  St.  George's  Town. 

NtTBLADA,  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific? 
Ocean,  with  3  fmall  ones  north  of  it 
and  near  to  it,  W.  by  S.  of  Cape  Cori-; 
enles,  on  the  coaft  of  Mexico,  and  eaft 
of  Roco  Portida.  Nk  lat.  i6»  40.  W. 
long.  laz.  30.  :      > 

Nt;cHVirNK,a  place  in  New-Britain, 
the  refort  of  Wahufles,  in  winter }  with 
the  teeth  of  thefe  animals  the  Indians, 
head  their  darts.     Lat.  60.  N. 

NuESTRA  Senora  de  la  PaZf  an  epif- 
copal  fee  and  town  of  Peru,  in  S.  Ame« 
rica.     S.  lat.  17.  10.  W.  long.  64. 

NuESTRA  Senora  de  la  Fittoria,  a 
town  of  Mexico.     N.  lat.  1 8.  W.  long. 

9*.  35. 

HvEVo  Baxo,  a  bank  called  by  the 
Britifti  the  New  Bear,  being  about  3» 
leagues  S.  of  the  W.  end  of  the  ifland' 
of  Jamaica,  in  lat.  15^  57.  north.  It 
has  a  key,  x  cables  length  long  and  if 
broad  j  ftretching^.  by  N.  and  W.  by 
S.  The  Britifli  find  this  a  good  ftation 
in  a  Spanifh  war,  as  moft  fiiips  come 
this  way  from  the  Spaniih  Main»  go- 
ing to  the  Havaniiah, 


o 


O ACHATE  Harboury  near  the  S. 
point  of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  N.VV. 
of  Otaheite.  S.  lat.  16.  55.  W.  long. 
151.  24. 

OAHAHA,ariverof  Louifiana,  which 
empties  into  the  MifTifippi  from  the  Nj 
W.  in  lat.  39.  10.  N.  and  7  miles  N. 
of  Riviere  au  Beuf. 

Oahoona,  one  of  the  Ingraham 
liles,  which  is  faid  to  be  the  northern- 

bb  %  moft 


mofr  «f  ill  this  cluiMr.  Tt  Ute  ibout 
lo  leagtita  N.  B.  of  Nooheevi.  To  this 
ifland  Capt.  Roberta  nve  the  name  of 
MmffatkmttU.  Captain  Ingraham  had 
bcioi-e  calied  it  WaJhUigtm, 

Oaitipih  A,  or  Ait^ha  Baj,  fituated 
near  the  north-eaft  end  of  the  teller  pe- 
nuifula  of  the  ifland  of  Otaheitc»  has 
good  anchorage  in  la  fathoini.  8>  lat. 
tj.  46'  Wi  long.  14.9.  14. 

Oak  Bajft  or  the  PtvUU  Htad,  in  the 
Sayof  Fondy,  it  9  leagues  S.  S.  E.  of 
Moofe  Ifland.  It  is  very  high  land,  and 
nny  be  feen  at  10  or  11  Magucs  dif- 
tance. 
Oakfuskbb.  Set  TallafHfe  Rivtr. 
Oakfuskibs,  an  Indian  tribe  in 
the  weftem  part  of  Georgia.  The 
warrior  .Mico,  caHed  die  White  Lieu« 
tenant,  has  the  folc  influence  over  tooe 
gunmen. 

Oakham,  a  townfliip  in  Wovcefler 
CO.  Maflachufetts  j  1 5  miles  north-weft 
of  Worcefter,  and  61  weft  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  176s,  and  con- 
tains  77  s  inhabitants. 

Oak  IJIandt  a  loi^g  n^trrow  ifland  on 
the  coalt  of  N.  Carolina,  which  with 
Smith's  Ifland  form  the  S.  W.  channel 
of  Cape  Fear  river.  See  Bald  Hiadt 
and  Cape  Ftar. 

OakMvlgbb  Biwer  is  the  fouthem 
great  branch  of  the  beautiful  Alatama- 
ha,  in  Georgia.  At  the  Oakmulgee 
Fields  it  is  about  300  or  400  yards  wide. 
Thefe  rich  and  fertile  fields  are  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  the  river,  above  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Oconee  with  this  river }  thefe 
two  branches  are  hel%  about  40  miles 
apart.  Here  are  woi'derful  remains  of 
the  power  and  grandeur  of  the  ancients 
of  tnis  part  of  America,  confifting  of 
the  niins  of  a  capital  town  and  fettie- 
ment,  vaft  artificial  hills,  terraces,  &c. 
See  AEatamaba  River. 

Oatara,  a  fmall  woody  ifland  on 
the  S.  E.  of  Uiietea  Ifland,  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean ;  between  3  and  4  miles 
from  which  to  the  north- weft  are  two 
other  fmall  iflaiids  in  the  fame  dit°e6lion 
as  the  reef,  of  which  they  ase  a  part.  , 
Ob  ED'S  River,  m  TcniicfTec,  luns 
fouth-wcfterly  into  Cumberland  river, 
290  miles  from  its  mouili,  by  the  courJe 
of  the  ftream.  Thus  far  Cumbeiland 
liver  is  navigable  tior  large  vefl*el8. 

Obion,  a  navigable  river  of  Tennef- 
fee,  which  runs  louth-wefterly  into  the 
MtfTifippi,  24  miles  Ibutheriy  of  RceU 


foot  rivefi.    It  Is  ?•  y«nk  brwd,  if 
miles  from  its  mouths 

Obiterea,  an  ifland  ido  leagues  8. 
of  the  Society  Iflands.  S.  lat.  ai.  40. 
W.  long.  1 50%  50.'  It  contains  nonfood 
anchorage,  and  the  inhabkants  are 
averfe  to  the  intrufion  of  ftrangers. 

OCCOA,  or  Oeta,  a  bay  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  int» 
which  fell  the  fmall  rivers  Sipicepy  and 
Ocoa.  It  lieseaft  of  Neybeor  jiilien. 
ne  bay,  and  is  bounded  fouth-eaftward 
by  Point  Salinas,  and  weflward  by  the 
eaft  point  at  the  mouth  of  Bya  rivtp. 
Spaaifli  fliipa  of  war  anchor  in  this  bav.  ■ 
Point  Salinas  is  %%  leagues  weft  of  the  \ 
city  of  St.  Domingo. 

OccoA,  a  bay  near  the  eaft  end  of 
the  ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the  windward 
pafTage,  about  ao  miles  eaft  of  Guanta- 
namo  Bay. 

OceocHAPPO,  or  Bear  Creek,  in  the 
Georgia  Weftem  Territory,  empties 
through  the  S.  W.  bank  of  Tenneflee 
river,  juft  below  the  mufcle  flioalsJi 
There  is  a  portage  of  only  about  50 
miles  from  this'civek  to  the  navigable 
-waters  of  Mobile  river.  The  mouth  of 
this  creek  is  in  the  centre  of  a  piece'  of 
grjund,  the  diameter  of  which  is*  5 
'.niles,  ceded  by  tlie  fouthem  Indians  to 
the  United  States  for  the  eftabliftiment  ^ 
of  trading  pofts. 

OceoNEACHBr  IJlands,  two  long 
narrow  iflanda  at  the  head  of  Roanoke 
river,  in  Virginia,  juft  below  where  tlve 
Staunton  and  Das  unite  and  form  that 
river. 

OcoNA  Pert,  on  the  coaft  of  Peni» 
on  theS.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  ix  leagues 
N.  W.  of  Quiica,  and  a  bold  coaft,  and 
14  leagues  S.  £.  of  Attico. 

Oconee,  tbe  north  main  branch  of 
Alatamaha  river,  Georgia.  It  is,  in  ma- 
ny places,  150  yards  wide.  Its  banks 
abound  with  oak,  afh,  mulberry,  hick- 
oiy,  black-walnut,  elm-  fafrafra,s,  &c. 

OcoNEk  'town  lies  ^n  the  eaft  banl^ 
of  the  river  of  its  name  in  (Jeovgia  ;  a- 
bout  a6  miles  weft>north  weftotGolph- 
ingtoDt  and  4a  weft  by  north  of  Au- 
gufta. 

OccoQir  AN,  a  river  in  Virginia  which, 
after  a  fhort  courle,  empties  into  Patow- 
mac  river,  at  High  Point,  5  milts  be- 
low Colchefter. 

Ocrecock  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  N. 
Caiolina,  leads  into  Pamlico  Sound, 
and  out  of  it  into  Albemarle  Sound, 

thvougii 


OH  E 

Nihfmigit  wttieh  aU  reflelt  muft  paft  tltat{ 
«re  bound  to  EJenton,  Wafliington, 
Bath»  or  Newbern.  It  lies  in  lat.'ss.  ><>• 
K.'  A  bar  of  hard  fand  erodes  the  inlet, 
on  which  is  14  feet  water  at  low  title. 
The  land  on  the  north  is  called  Ocre- 
cock,  that  on  the  S.  Portfrnouth.  Six 
miles  within  the  bar,  there  is  a  hard 
Aind  ihoal  which  crodVs  the  channel 
called  the  Swafli.  On  eaah  HAe  of  the 
channel  are  dangerous  flioals,  fometimes 
dry.  Few  mariners,  however  wdl  ac- 
quainted with  the  inlet,  choofe  to  go  in ; 
without  a  pilot)  as  the  bar  often  Aifts 
during  their  abfence  on  a  voyage.  It  is 
about  y\  leagues  fouth-well  ^  weft  of 
Cape  Hatten** 

Oeneriack,  the  fouth  point  of  Brif. 
tol  Bay,  on  the  N .  W.  coaft  of  N.  Ame- 
rica. N.  lat.  54..  30.  W.  long.  160.  30. 

Ogeecheb,  a  river  of  Georgia,  iS 
miles  ibuth  of  Savannah  river,  and  whofe 
courfes  nre  nearly  parallel  with  each 
other.  It  empties  into  the  fea  oppolite 
the  north  end  of  Oflabaw  Ifland,  18 
miles  fouth  of'  Savannah.  Louifville, 
Lexington  and  Georgetown  arc  on  the 
upper  part  of  this  river. 

Oglethorpe,  a  new  county  on  the 
hoi;th  iide  of  Alatamaha  river,  weft  of 
LiWty  CO.  Fort  Telfair  is  in  the  S.  E. 
corner  of  this  county  on  the  Alatamaha. 

OuAMANENO,  a  fmall  but  good  har- 
footir,  on  the  W.  iide  of  Ulietea,  one  of 
the  Society  iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean.  S.  lat.  tti.  45..  W.  long.  1 51*  38. 
The  variation  of  the  compals  in  1777, 
was  6.  19.  E. 

O  H  A  M  £  N  e  Marhar,  a  fine  bay  on  tlte 
E.  fide  of  Otaha,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands.  It  pafTes  in  by  a  channel  be- 
tween the  two  fmall  iflands  Toahoutu, 
and  Whennnaia.  Within  the  reef  it 
forms  a  good  harbour,  from  25  to  16 
'fathoms  water,  and  clear  ground. 

Oheiiurua,  a  large  bay  on  the  S. 
W.  part  of  the  ifland  of  Otaha,  one  of 
-the  Society  Iflands,  and  the  next  har- 
4)our  to  the  northward  from  .Apotopoto 
Bay.  There  is  anchorage  from  xo  to  a 5 
fathoms,  and  has  the  advantage  of  frefh 
water.  The  breach  in  the  reef  which 
•pem  a  pafTage  into  this  harbour,  is  |of 
a  miiebiYMd,  tniat.  16.  3<«  S.  and  loi)g. 
JISI.30.  W. 

Oheteroa*  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands,  which  is  about  ■  1  miles  lon^;  and 
^  broad,  inhabited  by  a  people  of  very 
lirge  ftaturC}  who  ue  cather  browner 


OH  I  589 

<han  thofe  of  the  neighbouring  UUndfa* 
It  has  no  good  harbournor  aAcboragc* 
Lar.  as/  %j,  S.  long.  150.  47. 

Ombtuna,  a  harbour  on  the  8.E.  fidt 
of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands. 

O  H  rv  A  li o  A ,  an  ifland  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  S.  lat.  9.4i.W.lone.i39.s. 

Ohio,  a  moft  beautiful  river,  fe« 
parates  the  North  WeHem  Territory 
from  Kentucky  on  thf  S.  and  Virginia 
en  the  S.  B.  Its  curreqr  gentkf  waters 
clear,  and  bofom  fmooth  and  unbroken 
by  rocks  and  rapids,  a  fingle  infltace 
only  excepted.  It  is  one  quarter  of  • 
mile  wide  at  Fort  Pitt ;  500  yards  at  the* 
mouth  of  the  Great  Kanhaway  {  laoo 
yards  at  Louifville,  and  at  the  Kapids 
halfa  mile,  but  its  general  ^readth  doea 
not  exceed  600  yards.  In  fome  placet 
its  width  is  not  400,  and  in  one  place 

tiarticularly,  far  below  the  Rapids,  it  it 
els  than  300.  Its  breadth,  in  no  one 
placcj  exceeds  laoo  yards }  and  at  its 
junction  with  the  Mifiifippi,  neither  riv- 
er  is  more  ttian  900  yards  wide.  Its 
length,  as  meafured  according  to  its 
meanders  by  Capt.  butchiiis,  11  as  fol- 
lows t — From  Fort  Pitt  to 

Log's  Town  if  I 

Big  Beaver  Creek  io| 

Little  Beaver  Creek  ijI 

YeQow  Creek  ii| 

Two  Creeks  aij 

Long  Reach  "        53* 

End  of  Long  Reach  i6| 

Muflcingum  a6i 

Little  Kanhaway  ia| 

Hockhocking  16 

Great  Kanhaway  8i| 

Guiandot  43I 

Sandy  Creek  14I 

Sioto,  or  Scioto  48^ 

Little  Miami  .   is^^ 

Licking  Creek  9 

Great  Miami  «6i 

Big  Bones  %t\ 

Kentucky  44^ 

Rapids  77( 

Low  Country  155I 

Buffalo  river  64} 

Wabafli    >  97i 

Big  Cave  42I 

Shawanee  river  5i| 

Cherokee  river  13 

Maflac  M      ,- 

MifTifippi  4<i 

liSf       ' 
In  common  wintw  and  fpring  floedsi 
B  b  3  it 


J90  O  H  I 

it  aflbrdi  30  or  40  feet  water  to  Louif*  | 
tUIc  )  >S  01^  }o  f«^et  to  I'A  Tarte'v  Ra- 

Sidk  {  40  above  the  mputh  of  the  Great 
[anhavvayi  and  a  Aifficicncy  at  all 
times  for  light  batteaux  and  canoe*  to 
Fort  Pitt.  The  Rapids  are  in  Ut.  38. 
|.  The  inundations  of  this  river  begin 
about  the  laft  of  March,  and  fiibfide  in 

July,  although  they  frequently  happen 
1  other,  months  }  io  that  boats  which 
farry  30P  barrels  of  flour  from  the  Mo- 
nongahela,  or  Youhiogany,  ahovc  Pittf. 
burghf  have  feUom  long  to  wait  for 
ym^tc.  During  thefe  floods,  n  flrft  rate 
inaii-of- wnri  may  be  carried  from  Louil- 
yille  to  New-Oi  leansi  if  thefudden  turns 
of  the  river  and  the  ftrength  of  its  cur- 
rent will  admit  a  fafe  fteerage.  It  is 
the  opinion  of  fomc  well  informed  gen- 
tlemen, that  a  vefTel  properly  built  for 
£efea,  to  draw  11  feet  water,  when 
ided,  and  carrying  from  12  to  1600 
barrel*  of  flour,  may  be  more  eafily, 
f  heaply  and  faftly  navigated  from  Pittf- 
burgh  to  the  fca,  than  thofc  now  in  ufe ) 
|ind.  thit  this  niattcr  only  requires  one 
nun  of  citpacity  and  enterprize  to  af- 
certa;n  it.     A  vtflel  intended  to  be  rie- 

fed  as  abrigintine,  fnow,or(hip,fliouTd 
e  double-decked,  take  lier  mafts  on 
deck,  and  be  rowed  to  the  Ibberville, 
below  which  are  no  iflands,  or  to  New 
Orleans,  with  20  men,  lb  as  .0  af&rd 
|%liefs  of  10  and  10  in  the  night.  Such 
|i  veflTcl,  without  the  ufe  of  oars,  it  is 
fuppofed,  would  float  to  New  Orleans 
from  Pit(fl)urg  jn  20  days.  If  this  be 
lb,  what  agreeable  profpefts  are  pre  • 
fented  t.o  our  brethren  and  fellow  citi- 
zens in  the  weftt-rn  country  I  The  Ra- 
.pidsat  L  uifville  defcend  ahoitt  10  feet 
'  in  the  diftunce  of  a  mile  and  a  half. 
The  bed  of  the  river  is  a  folid  rock,  and 
is.divi'dedby  an  ifland  into  two  branch- 
es, the  fouthern  of  vvhich  is  about  200 
yard^  vvide,  but  impaflable  in  dry  fea- 
Ibns.  The  bed  of  the  northern  branch 
is  worn  into  channels  by  the  conftant 
coin-le  of  the  water,  and  attrition  of  the 
pebble-ftones  carried  on  with  that,  fo 
as  to  be  p^fliible  for  batteaux  tlirough 
the  greater  part  of  the  year.  Yet  it  is 
thought  that  the  fouthern  arm  may  be 
molt  eafily  opened  for  fonftant  naviga- 
tion. The  rife  of  the  waters  in  thefe 
Rapids  does  not  exceed  20  or  25  feet. 
'i'hcre  is  a  fprt  fituated  at  the  heail  of 
the  Falls.  The  ground  on  the  fouth 
^e  ^-ifes  very  gradually.    At  Fort  Pitt 


OIL 

the  river  Ohiolofe*  its  name,  bninchinf 
into  the  Monongahela  and  Alleghany. 
Ohio  RafUj lie  in  lat.  30.  S.N.  705 
miles  below  Pittiburg  to  the  8.  W.  and 
48s  miles  from  the  confluence  of  the 
Ohio  with  the  Miflifippi.  They  ^nreoc- 
cafioned  by  a  ledge  of  rock^  f  hat  flretch 
acrofs  the  bed  ot  the  river  Ohio.  The 
fituation  of  tlw  Rapids  is  truly  delighN 
ful.  The  river  is  full  a  mile  wide,  and 
the  fail  of  the  water,  which  is  a  con* 
fl.int  cafcade,  appears  as  if  nature  had 
defigncd  it,  to  fliew  how  inimitable  and 
ftupendous  are  her  works.  The  town 
of  ^ouilville  commands  a  grand  view 
of  the  Rapids. 

Ohio,  the  north-weftemmoft  county 
of  the  State  of  Virginia,  bounded'eaft  by 
Wafliington  co.  in  PennfylvMta,  and 
N.  W.  by  the  river  Ohio,  which  di-. 
vides  it  from  the  N.  W.  Territory,  It 
contains  5,212  inhabitants,  hicluding 
281  (laves.     Chief  town,  Liberty. 

Ohio  Company t  Purcbafe,  in  the  N, 
W.  Territory,  is  a  traft  of  excellent 
land  fituated  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
Ohio,  call  of  Col.  Symes's  purchafii. 
In  this  tra£V  there  were  about  2,500  in- 
habitants in  179a. 

OiiioPE,  a  fmall  northern  tributary 
flream  of  Alatamaha  river,  in  Oj^e- 
thorpe  CO.  Georgia. 

Ohiopiomingo,  a  tra£l  of  land  fo 
called  in  the  State  of  Kentucky,  fitu- 
ated in  Nelfon  co.  on  Ohio  river,  and 
fouth-weftward  of  Salt  river. 

Ohiopyle  Falls,  in  Yougliiogany 
river,  are  about  20  feet  perpendicular 
height,  where  the  river  is  So  yards  wide. 
They  are  30  or  40  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  this  river,  where  it  mingles  it  waters 
with  the  Monongahela, 

OhitaHOO,  an  idand  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean.  S.  lat.  9.  55.  W,  long.  139.  6, 

Oil  Creek,  in  Alleghany  co.' Penn- 
fylvania,  i flues  from  a  fpring,  on  the 
top  of  which  floats  an  oil,  fimilar  to  that 
called  Barb:u{ues  tar,  and  empties  into 
Alleghany  river.  It  is  found  in  fuch 
quantities,  that  a  man  may  (gather  fe- 
veial  gallons  in  a  day.  Thetroops  fcnt 
to  guard  the  V/efl'ein  Polls,  halted  at 
this  fpring  and  coileded  fomeof  the  oif, 
and  bathed  their  joints  with  it.  This 
gave  them  great  relief  from  the  rheu- 
matic complaints,  with  which  they 
were  afl^ifled.  The  waters,  of  which 
the  troops  drank  freely^  operated  as  a 
gentle  catlurtic. 

OlSTiNS 


'^ 


*  OLD  f 

^liViMi  B/fft  *•  nor  the  rontbern 
txtmnity  of  the  iiluMl  of  B«rbad4ca> 
ill  the  Weft-Indicn.  It  U  formed  to 
the  8.  E.  hy-  Kendal'i  Point.  The 
b»y  U  wiiil  defended  by  torts.  The 
town  of  Oiftini  ftandi  on  thit  b»y. 

Ol9  Cafb  Fran  coil  forms  the  N. 
point  of  Ecoflbtle  or  Co(beck  lUy,  on 
the  N.  E.  part  of  the  iHaiul  ot  St.  Do- 
mingo. All  the  French  Aiipi  coming 
from  Europe  or  the  Windward  Klands, 
and  bound  to  the  north  or  weft  part  of 
St.  Domingo  Idand,  areoliiiged  to  come 
in  fight  of  the  Cape  Samana,  (near  iy 
leagues  Ibiith-ealt  by  eaft  of  tliis  cape) 
or  at  leafi  of  Old  Cape  Francois,  on  ac- 
count of  the  dangei s  ot  (hoals  to  the  eaft. 
It  is  about  5  leagues  eall  of  Cape  de  la 
Koche.  N.  lat.  19.  40.  30.  W.  long 
^om  Vafis  7%.  %%. 

Old  /ort  bav  is  fitiiated  at  the 
ibuth  CMTiof  the  iHand  of  €t.  Lucia,  in 
the  Weft- Indies,  havins  at.  Mary's 
Ifland  and  B:iy  to  the  calT. 

Old  Fort  Jjlands,  in  Efquimaux 
Bay,  on  the  couft  ot  Labrador,  in  N 
Ametim.  N.lat.  51..  04.  W,.  long.  57. 
4S. 

Old  Harhiir,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  iftand  of  Jamaica  in  the  Weft- In- 
idles,  is  to  the  weftwanl  of' Port  Roy^l. 
There  are  a  number  of  (hoals  and  dlanils 
in  the  entrance  to  it.  Under  fome  ot  them 
there  isfafe  riding,  infiom  (>  toS  fathoms. 

Old  Man's  Creek,  in  New-Jerfey, 
iCmpties  inru  Delawaic  river,  at^out  4 
miles  below  Penn'sNcrk,  and  fcparates 
the  cbuntieii  of  Salem  and  Gloiicefter,. 

Old  MtN's  Port  lies  northward  of 
l^ima  river  in  Per-u,  8  or  9  miles  N.  ot 
Cadavaylio  riv«'. 

Old  K0AD4  a  town  and  harbour  in 
ithe  ifland  oi  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Old  Road  Bay,  on  tlie  S.  W.  coaft 
of  the  id:iR'.i  of  St.  Chriltoplier's,  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  between  Ciurch  Gut  W* 
and  Bloody  Point  £.  There  is  from  5 
to  1 5  fathoms  near  the  fliore^  and  thi? 
ieaft  towarcis  the  fort. 

Old  Road  Te-wn,  on  this  bay,  lies 
licCween  Eaft  and  Black  rivers,  and  is 
a  port  ot  entry. 

Old  Town,  or  Frank^s  OldTo'voH, 
OB  Jiuiiatta  river.     Sec  Fratikjioivn. 

Old  Town,  in  the  State  of  New- 
York,  is  fituated  ^1  Staten-lfland,  3 
miles  S.  W.  of  Newtown,  and  ix  fouth- 
eveftprly  of  New- York  city. 

0^j)-TowN4  a  fmali  poft-tows  of 


o  n  E  39X 

Maryland)  fituated  in  Alleghany  co.  ia 
lat.  )9.  )o.  on  the  N.  bank  oi  Patoiw^ 
mac  river,  and  W.  fide  of  Saw  Mill' 
Kun)  14  milcf  8.  E.  of  CumbcrlandiL"^ 
i4«  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore,  and  ait 
trom  Philadelphia. 

Old  Town,  inN.  Carolina,  war 
Brunfwick. 

Old  Town,  a  fmall  town  of  Oeor* 
gia,  lying  on  the  Ogcechee  river,  %§ 
miles  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Savannah. 

Oleout,  a  iinall  creek,  wbich  emp- 
ties into  the  eaft  branch  of  Suli{uehan» 
nah,  5  miles  N.  £.  of  the  mouth  of 
Unadilla  river. 

Olin  oa,  the  ciiief  town  of  the  cap* 
tainfliip  of  Pernambuco,  in  Brazil,  S« 
America.  It  is  fometimes  called  Per- 
namhuio,  and  has  a  good  harbour  fitu- 
ated nurrh  of  Cape  Su  Auguftine,  an4 
louth  of  Paiaibo.  It  was  taken  by  tht 
Dutch  in  1630,  but  was  retaken  by  tha 
Fortugueie.     S.  lat.  8.  <].  W-.  long.: 

35-  5- 

Ollbros,  Point,  on  the<oaft  of  Pn- 
ru,  is  6  leagues  S.  E.  of  Quemada  Mor- 
ro,  or  Headland,  and  as  far  N.  N.  W« 
oi  Porto  Cavallo.  It  is  little  frequent- 
ed on  account  of  want  of  trade,  al- 
though it  is  a  good  harbour  in  caife  of 
fqualls  from  the  mountain*,  or  of  ftrong 
currents  fetting  down  from  the  fea.  ^ 

OmacuaSj  a  tribe  of  Indians  inhabi- 
ting the  banks  of  the  river  Amazun, 
and  converted  to  Chriftianity  in  the 
year  1686,  by  father  Fritz,  a  Spanifli 
miinonary.  They  flat  the  hind  and 
fore  part  of  the  heads  of  their  children, 
which  gives  them  a  monftrous  appear- 
ance. They  make  a  jeft  of  other  na- 
tioni,  calling  them  calabaih  heads. 

Omara,  a  river  on  the  coaft  of  Brt- 
cil,  whofe  mouth  is  in  lat.  5.  o.  S.  and 
long.  36.0.  W,    See  Cape  Rec^ue, 

Omasuos,  a  jurifdiflion  in  the  dio- 
<efs  of  La  Paz,  in  Peru.  It  begins  al- 
moft  at  the  glies  of  the  city  of  La  Paz, 
and  extends  zo  leagues,  being  bounded 
on  the  weft  by  the  famous  lake  of  I'iti 
Caca.  The  air  of  this  jurildiSion  is 
ibmewhat  xoldj  &>  that  it  produces  little 
grain ;  hut  has  numerous  flocks  of  cat- 
tle fed' in  its  palhiresj  there  is  befides, 
a  very  advantageous  trade  carried  on  in 
another  jurifdiftion  by  the  Indians  li- 
ving on  the  borders  of  the  lake,  who  are 
remarkably  indultrious  in  improving 
that  advantage. 

Om££,  a  corrupt  name  for  7iS<  Mia- 

£  b  4.  mi 


)9t  ONE 

mlf^tkelshi  which  fw.  ThcMi- 
amt  towns  on  it»  banks  are  ctUed  the 
OmM  town*,  or  Au.Mi,  by  the  French 
Americans,  as  a  contraelion  of  Au 
Miami. 

Ombb-Town,  one  of  the  Miami 
towns,  fituatcd  on  a  pleafint  point  form- 
ed by  the  Junction  of  the  rivers  Miami 
and  St.  Jofeph.  This  town  ftood  on 
the  E.  banli  of  the  latteri  oppofite  the 
mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river,  and  was  de> 
ftroyed  in  Gen.  Harmar's  expedition, 
in  1790. 

Omoah,  a  fmall  fortified  town  in  the 
Spatiifli  Main,  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay 
M  Honduras,  on  the  S.  fidtr,  and  is  with- 
in a  guif  to  the  eallward  of  Dolce  Gulf, 
into  which  the  river  of  its  name  comes 
in  from  the  fouthward.  It  has  a  good 
harbour  which  is  open  to  the  N.  W.  in 
which  (hips  of  any  burden  may  ride  in 
nnfeA  fafety.  The  Britifh  admiral, 
Parker,  in  conjundion  with  the  people 
tof  Honduras,  reduced  the  ftrong  fort, 
which  is  fituated  on  the  E.  fide  of  the 
river,  in  1770.  The  fpoil  was  immenfe, 
being  valued  at  3  millions  of  dollars. 
The  Spaniards  in  vain  offered  300,000 
dollars  as  a  ranfom  for  3  50  quintals  of 
iquickfilver }  a  commodity  indifpenfably 
lieccfl'ary  in  working  theii*  gold  and 
iilver  mines. 

Ompompanoosuck,  a  (hort,  fu- 
rious river  of  Vermont,  which  empties 
into  the  Connecticut  at  Norwich,  oppo- 
fite to  Dartmouth  College.  Its  courfe 
is  S.  E.-  its  bieadth  not  more  than  40 
or  50  yards. 

O  N  n  A .    See  riacent  de  la  Paxes . 
Onatiayo,  ov  Oiuatojo,  an  iiland 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  S.  lat.  9.  58. 
W.  long.  138.  51.      ' 

Ones  how,  one  of  the  Sandwich 
iflands,  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  called 
alfo  Neebeeheow,  about  5  or  6  leagues 
to  the  weftward  of  Atooi.  There  is 
anchorage  all  along  the  coaft  of  the 
iiland.  It  produces  plenty  of  yams, 
and  a  fweet  root  called  tee.  N.  lat.  ai. 
50.  W.  long.  i6o.  15. 

Oneida,  one  of  the  Six  Nations  of 
Indians,  containing  618  fouls,  who  in- 
habit the  country  S.  of  Oneida  Lake, 
called  the  Oneida  Refervation.  Their 
principal  village,  Kahnonwulohsle,  is 
about  *o  miles  S.  \V,  of  Whiteftown. 
Thefe  Indians  for  a  number  of  years 
paft,  have  been  under  the  paftoral  caie 
of  th^  Rev^r^nd  Mr.  Kirkland^  wHo 


f  ONI  ' 

with  th«  Reverend  Mr.  Airjeanef  h«vo 
b«|p  chieily  fupportcd  in  thtir  miAona 
by  the  fociety  cftabtiOicd  in  Scotland 
for  promoting  Chriftian  knowledge. 
This  nation  receive  an  annuity  fromth* 
State  of  New- York  of  335*  dolVirs  for 
lands  purchafcd  of  them  in  179);,  and 
an  annuity  of  about  6st  dollars  from 
the  United  States.  With  thefe  annul, 
ties,  (which  operate  as  a  difcourage- 
mcnt  to  induftiy)  together  with  the 
corni  beans  and  uotatues  raifcd  by  the 
fquaws,  and  the  n(h  and  game,  caught 
by  the  men,  afford  them  a  barely  toier. 
able  I'ubliftencc.  They  are  a  proud  na. 
tion,  and  affe6t  to  dvlpifc  their  neigh- 
bours, the  Stock  bridge  and  firotherton 
Indians,  for  their  attention  to  agricuU 
ture  {  but  they  already  begin  to  feci  their 
dependence  on  them,  and  are  under  a 
neceflity  of  purchafing  provifions  of 
them.  The  Nation  is  divided  into  three 
trilMs,  or  clans,  by  the  names  of  the 
If'ol/,  the  Bear,  and  the  Turtle.  They 
have  their  name  from  their  Pagan  Deity, 
which  fome  few  of  the  nation  Itill  wuit^ 
(hip,  and  which  is  nothin|[  morolhan  a 
mimapen,  rude,  cylindrical  fone,  of 
about  I20  pounds  weight,  in  their  lan- 
guage called  Oneida,  which  lignifies  the 
Upright  Sl»fte  '  Formerly  this  (lone  wax 
placed  in  the  crotch  of  a  ttee,  and  then 
the  nation  fuppoled  theinfelvcs  invin- 
cible. Thefe  Indians  are  all  of  mixed 
blood  ;  there  has  not  been  zfure  Onei- 
da  for  feveral  years  pa(t. 

Oneida  Lake,  is  about  20  milts  W. 
of  OldFoit  Stanwix,  now  called  Rome, 
State  of  New  York,  and  is  bctw<.  .  ;o 
and  30  miles  long,  and  narrow  It  is 
conne6led  with  Lake  Ontario  on  the 
W.  by  Ofvrcgo  river,  and  with  Fort 
Stanwix  by  Wood  Creek, 

Onemack  Point  is  the  fouth  weft 
point  of  the  continent  of  N,  America, 
on  the  N.  W.  coali,and  the  fouth  limit 
of  Briftol  Bay.  It  is  8a  leagues  S.  S. 
W.  of  Cape  Newenhain,  or  the  north 
point  of  that  ex'cnfivc  bay  ;  and  in  lat. 
54.  30.  north,  and  lona.  163.  30.  W. 

O-NlMAMOU,  a  haibour  on  the  S, 
E.  coart  of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Octan.  It  is 
north-eaft  of'  Ohetuna  Harbour,  on  the 
fame  coaft. 

.  Onion,  Cape,  on  the  (buth-weft  fide 
of  Newfoundland  Iiland,  is  about  fuur 
leagues  weit  of  Quirpon  Ifland,  or  the 
no(tb«m  point  of  that  extcnfive  ifl^d. 


aN  o 

Onion  Jlkir»  >n  the  &««(«  of  Ver. 

monti  fbnncrly  called  frtnck  tiivtrt 
«ikI  by  the  ImliaiM  V'iMo/tii  rilirs  in 
Cabot,  about  i^  mile*  to  the  weft  of 
Ciinnc^Vlcut  rivcrt  ami  ia  navigable  for 
froall  vefl'eU  <  milet  from  U«  moiittti  in 
Lake  Chatnplu'.'t,  betwrcn  the  towiit  of 
Burlington  ami  Colchelier  (  ainl  for 
bonti  between  itb  levcral  f:<llt.  It  it  one 
«f  the  fined  Hreaint  in  Vermont,  and 
rum  through  a  mod  fertile  country,  the 
produce  of  which  for  feveral  milea  on 
each  fide  of  the  river,  ia  brought  down 
to  the  U!;e  at  Burlington.  It  is  from 
so  to  30  rods  wide,  40  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  its  defccnt  in  that  dittance 
is  17a  feet,  which  is  about  4  feet  to  the 
mile.  Between  Burlington  and  Cotchcl- 
ter  this  river  has  worn  through  a  folid 
rock  of  lime-ftone,  which  in  lome  time 
of  remote  antiquity  muft  have  Ibrmed 
at  this  p'ace  a  prodigious  catara£l. 
The  chaim  is  between  70  and  80  feet 
in  depth  at  low  water,  and  in  one  place 
70  feet  from  rock  to  rock,  where  a 
-wooden  bridge  is  thrown  acrofs.  At 
Bolton  there  i«  a  chafm  of  the  fame 
kind,  but  fomewhnt  wider,  and  the  rock 
is  at  lead  i  jo  feet  in  heie;ht.  From  one 
iide  (i;vcral  rocks  have  fallen  acrofs  the 
river,  in  fuch  a  manner  as  to  form  a 
natural  bridge  at  low  water,  but  in  a 
fituationto  he  an  ubjc£lofcuriofityonly. 
It  was  along  this  river  that  the  Indians 
formerly  travelled  tiom  Canada,  when 
they  made  tluir  attack: s  on  the  frontier 
lettiements  on  Connt£licuC  river. 

Onondaoo  Cajile,  on  theOnondago 
Ke'ervation  Lands  in  the  State  of  New- 
York,  is  25  miles  ibuth-wed  of  Oneida 
Caftle, 

Onondago,  or  Salt  Lake,  in  the 
State  of  New.  York,  is  about  5  miles 
long  and  a  mile  broad,  and  lends  ite  wa- 
.ters  to  Seneca  river.  The  waters  of  tlie 
Salt  Iprings  here  are  capable  of  produc- 
ing immenfe  quantities  of  fait.  One 
perlbn  near  the  lake  boiled  down  at  the 
rate  of  50  bufliels  a  week,  in  the  year 
1792,  which  he  fold  for  five  lliillings  a 
bulliel ;  but  any  quantity  may  be  made, 
ami  at  a  lefs  price.  Thele  fprings  are 
in  the  State  refervation,  and  are  a  great 
benefit  to  the  country,  every  part  of 
which  is  fo  united  by  lakes  and  rivers 
as  to  render  the  fupply  of  this  bulky  and 
neceflary  article  very  eafy. 

Onondago,  a  river  of  New-York, 
^bict^  rifes  in  th^  Oneida  LakCi  and 


ONS  S9S 

runs  wellwardly  into  Lake  Ontarts  at 
Ofwego.  It  is  beatable  from  itinM\itli 
to  the  licad  of  the  lake,  74  miles,  except 
a  fall  which  ocoaTions  a  portage  of  t<» 
yards,  thencs  battcaux  fo  up  to  Wood- 
Creek  almoft  to  Fort  Sunwix,  40  milea* 
whence  there  is  a  portage  of  a  mile  to 
Mohawk  river.  Toward  the  head  at 
this  river»  falmoa  are  caught  ingraat 
numbers. 

Ononoaqo,  a  county  of  New  York  ' 
State,  confiding  of  military  lands  divid* 
ed  into  1 1  townftiips,  vi?.  Homer,  Poin<* 
pey,  Manlius,  Lyfander,  Marcellua, 
Uiydcs,  Milton,  Scipio,  Aurclius,  Ovid, 
and  Romulus.  Some  of  thefe  compre<- 
hend  other  towns,  as  will  be  noticed  un- 
der their  rrlpe^ive  names.  The  couur 
ty  is  bounded  wefterly  by  Ontarm  co. 
and  northerly  by  Lake  Ontario,  the  On- 
ondago river,  and  Oneida  Lake.  The 
county  courts  are  heki  in  the  village  of 
Aurora,  in  the  townOiip  of  Scipio. 
This  county  is  admirably  fituated  for 
inland  navigation,  being  interfe£ked  by 
the  two  navigable  rivers  Seneca  ana 
Oi'wego,  having  befides  5  lakes  and  a 
numMr  of  creeks.  Fc '  an  account  of 
the  referved  lands,  fee  Military  TVtvm- 
/bips.  There  were  1 3 1 3  of  the  inhabit- 
ants qualified  to  be  electors  in  1796,  aa 
appeal's  by  the  State  cenfus. 

Ononoaco,  formerly  the  chief  town 
of  the  Six  Nations,  fituated  in  a  very 
pleafant  and  fruitful  country,  and  con- 
fided of  five  fmall  towns  or  villages, 
about  30  miles  S.  W.  of  Whitedown. 

Onondagoes,  a  tribe  of  Indians 
who  live  near  Onondago  Lake.  About 
%o  years  fince  they  could  fumifh  a6o 
warriors.  In  1779  a  regiment  of  men 
was  fent  from  Albany,  by  Gen.  I.  Clin- 
ton, who  furprifed  the  town  ot  this  tribe, 
took  33  priloners,  killed  ix  or  14,  and 
returned  without  the  lofs  of  a  man.  A 
part  of  the  Indians  were  then  ravaging 
the  American  frontiers.  This  nation, 
which  now  confids  of  450  fouls,  receives 
annually  from  the  State  of  New- York, 
2,000  dollars ;  and  from  the  United 
States  about  450  dollars. 

Onslow,  a  maritime  county  of  Wil- 
mington didri£l,  N.  Carolina,  W.  of 
Cape  Lookout.  It  contains  5,387  in- 
habitants, including  1748  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Swnnfborough. 

Onslow,  a  townfhip  of  Nova- Scotia, 
Halifax  co.  at  the  head  of  the  Bafin  of 
Min^s,  35  miles  N.  I^.  of  Windior,  and 

46  N. 


"*; 


% 


594  O  N  Z 

46  N.  by  W.  of  Halifax.  It  was  fettled 
by  emigrantt  from  New-England. 

Ontario,  one  of  that  grand  chain  of 
lakes  which  divide  the  United  States 
from  Upper  Canada.  , .  is  fituated  he- 
fween  lat.  4j.  15.  and  44,  N.  and  lon^. 
76.  30.  ai.'l  to.  W.  Its  form  is  nearly 
elliptical;  its  greateft  length  is  from  S. 
W.  to  N.  £, andit$<:ircumference  about 
€00  miles^  The  divifion  line  between 
the  State  of  New- York  and  Canada,- on 
the  N.  pafles  through  this  lake  and  leaves 
within  the  Unittd  States  3,390,000 
acres  of  the  water  of  Lake  Ontario,  a«- 
^ordinj;  to  the  calculation  of  Mr.  Hutch- 
ins.  It  abounds  with  fi(h  of  an  excel- 
lent flavour^  among  which  are  the  Of- 
wego  bafs,  weighing  3  or  4  lbs.  Its 
banks  in  many  places  are  fteep,  and  the 
ibuthern  ihore  is  covered  principally 
with  beech  trees,  and  tl;e  lamls  appear 

food.  It  communicates  with  Lake  Erie 
y  the  river  Niagara.  It  receives  the 
waters'  of  Geneifee  river  from  the  S. 
luid  of  Cnondftgo,  at  Fort  Ofwego,  from 
the  S.  E.  by  which  it  communicates 
througli  Oneida  Lake, and  Wood  Creek, 
with  tl>c  Mohawk  river.  On  the  N.  E. 
the  lake  tlifchargts  it(eU*  into  the  river 
Cat::!aqui,  (which  at  Montreal  takes  the 
namr  of  St,  Lawrence)  into  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  It  is  aflbrtcd  that  the.'e  lakes 
^11  once  in  feven  years ;  but  the  fa^  is 
doubted.  The  inlands  are  all  at  the 
«afttin  end,  thechief of  which  are  Wolf, 
Arifiherd,  Gnge,  and  Howe  lilands. 

Ontario,  a  large,  fertile  county  of 
New-York>  comprehending  the  Gtnef- 
fee  countiy,  and  bounded  N.  by  the 
lake  of  its  name.  It  is  well  watered  by 
Genefiee  river,  its  tributaries,  and  a 
number  of  fmall  lakes.  Here  are  8 
townfliips,  viz  Geneflte,  Erwine,  Jeru- 
falem,  Williamfturg,  Toulon,  Seneca, 
tioomfield,  and  Canadaqun,  or  Kanan- 
daigua,  which  is  the  laff  chief  town,  fitu- 
ated at  the  N.W.  corner  pfCanandaiqua 
Lake,  15  miles  W.  of  Geneva,  and  30 
N.  E.  of  Willianfilburg.  This  county 
was  taken  from  Montgomery  in  1789, 
and  in  1790  containetl  1075  inhabi- 
tants,  including  11  (laves.  Such  hns 
been  the  emigration  te  this  coimty, 
tha':  there  were,  in  1796,  1258  of  the 
inhabitnacs  who  were  qual'fted  to  be 
«le£lors. 

Onzan,  a  cape  or  point  on  the  north 
co:ift  of  Brazil,  opposite  to  cape  St. 
Lawreaccf  forming  together  tlu:  poinis 


O  R  A 

of  Laguai^ba  river}  th|i  litter  cape  be- 
ing on  the  weft  fide  of  Uie  river.  The 
river  is  10  league*  S.  £.  by  £«  of  Bohta 
Baxa. 

OoNALASHKA»  one  of  the  i^ands  of 
the  northern  ^rchijpelago,  on  ^be  N. 
W.  coaft  of  America,  the  natives  of 
which  have  the  appearance  of  being  a 
very  peaceable  people,  being  much  po- 
liflied  by  the  RuHians,  who  alfo  keep 
them  in  fubjeJlion.  There  is  a  chan-. 
nel  between  this  and  the  land  to  the 
noith,  about  a  mile  broad,  in  which  are 
foundings  from  40  to  17  fathoma.  N« 
lat.  53.  55.  W.  long.  i66«  31. 

Opeckon  Cr£«/(,in  Virgima,«ibutb- 
weft  water  of  Patowmac  rivei*. 

Opps,  a  village  in  NorthanApfton  <o. 
Pennfylvania,  6  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Beth- 
lehem, and  about  7  north  by  eaft  of 
Quaker's  Town. 

Or,  Caped'i  in  Nova-Scotia,  is  fitu- 
ated on  thenorthddeoftheBafinof  Mi- 
nas.  Some  imall  pieces  of  copper  have 
been  found  here. 

Or  A  Cabecv.  Bay,  on  the  north  Gda 
of  the  illand  of  Jamaica^  in  the  W.  In-\ 
dies,  has  a  (trong  fort  on  the  ealt  fide, 
and  Salt  Giit  welferly;  at  both  thefe 
places  is  good  anchorage  for  large  vef- 
fels. 

Oranai,  qi'  Favai,  one  of  the  Sand* 
wich  IHands  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  9 
miles  from  Mowee  and  Morotoi.  The 
fourh  point  is  in  lat.  ao.  46.  north,  and 
l6ng.  156.  52.  weft. 

Orangs  Key,  one  of  the  Bahama 
in.inds,  in  the  W.  IndicA.  N.  lat.  24, 
18.  welt  long.  79.  37. 

Orange,  a  bay  on  the  north-eaft 
cofift  ot  the  iiliind  of  Jamaica,  E.  N.  £. 
of  tb:  high  mountain,  a  little  within 
lard,  under  which  is  Crawfbrd's-Town. 
Alio  a  bay  at  the  not  th-welt  end  of  the 
fame  iAand,  between  Green-lfland  N, 
and  North  Negril  harbour  S.  or  S.  W. 

Orange,  a  cape,  the  eaft  point  of 
Oyapok  river,  S.  E.  of  Cayenne  Ifland. 
N.  lat.  4.  20.  W.  long.  50.  50. 

Orange  Kfy,  or  Cay,  a  fmall  ifland 
in  Oi-ange  bay,  at  tlie  north-weft  end  of 
the  ifland  cf  Jamaica. 

Orange,  a  county  of  Vermont,  which 
in  ijtjo,  contained  10, $19  inltabitants. 
Since  that  titne  feverai  other  counties 
have  been  er&5led  out  of  it.  It  is  bound- 
ed weft  by  part  of  Addifon  and  Chit- 
tenden counties,  and  enft  by  Connejfi- 
cut  river.  It  now coataips  to  townihips, 
y  The 


O  R  A 

Th«  cowntytown,  Newbury,  and  the 
townfliips  loutb  of  it,  viz.  Bradfbrd, 
Fairlee  and  Thetford  front  Conne£licut 
river.  It  is  high  land,  and  fend«  nu- 
merous Itreams  in  oppofu^direftions, 
both  to  Conne£licut  rivtr  and  to  Lake 
Ch»mplain. 

Orange,  a  townfhip  oil  the  north 
Tne  of  the  above  county,  in  the  north- 
eaft  corner  of,which  is  Knox's  Moun- 
tain. 

pliANCE,  formerly  Cardigan,  a  town- 
fljip  in  Grafton  co.  Ncw-Hanip(hirey 
which  gives  tile  to  an  eaft  branch  of 
Malicomy  river.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1796}  conains  131  inhabitants ^  and 
is  10  miles  eaft  of  Dartmouth  College. 
Orange,  a  townihip  of  MaflTachu- 
fetts,  fituated  on  the  eaft  line  of  Hamp- 
(hire  co.  on  Miller's  river,  94.  miles  N. 
W,  by  W.of  Botlon.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1783,  and  contains  784  inhabi- 
tants. 

Orange,  a  mountainous  and  hilly 
county  of  New- York,  which  contains 
all  that  part  of  the  Siate  bounded  fuuth- 
»erly  by  the  State  of  New-Jerfey,  weft- 
'  trly  by  tlie  State  of  Pennlylvania,  eaft. 
erly  by  the  middle  of  Hudfon's  river, 
and  northerly  by  an  eaft  and  weft  line 
from  thv*  middle  of  Murderer's  Creek. 
It  is  dividfd  into  8  townfhips,  of  which 
^  Goihcn  is  thechie'^^  and  contains  18,402 
inhabitant!'.,  of  whom  2098  are  eleft- 
ors,  and  9>'j6,flnve8.  In  this  county 
are  railed  .*arge  quantities  of  excellent 
butter,  which  is  colKfled  at  Newburgh 
and  New- Wind  (or,  and  thence  tranf- 
ported  to  New- York.  On  the  N.  (ide 
of  the  moutitains'  in  this.county,  is  a 
Vciy  valuable  tr<\&i  called  the  DfowneJ 
l,aii(ist  containing  about  40  or  50,000 
acres.  The  waters  which  defccnd  from 
tlir  furrounding  hills,  being  bu*^  flowiy 
diichaigcd  by  the  river  ifliiing  from  it, 
cover  rhelle  vaft  meadows  every  winter, 
and  render  them  extremely  fertile;  but 
they  expofe  the  inhabitants  of  the  vi- 
jcinity  to  incermittcnts.  Wallkill  river, 
which  pifles  through  this  trail  and 
empties  jtuo  Hudlbn  river,  is,  in  the 
fpring,  ftored  with  very  large  eels  in 
great  plenty,  The  bottom  of  this  river 
is  a  broken  rock ;  and  i*  is  fuppoled  that 
for  iqool.  the  channel  might  be  deep- 
fned  fo  as  to  drain  off  the  waters,  and 
thereby  redeem  from  the  floods  a  large 
trafk  of  rich  land,  for  grafs|  hemp  and 
Ifndian^orn, 


O  R  A      ^       $9$ 

Orange,  called  alfo  OraitgeJak,  m 
town  in  EiToc  -co.  New.Jerley,  contain- 
ing  about  So  houles,  a  Prtikytrriai| 
church,  and  a  flouriftiing  academy,  and 
lies  north- weft  of  Newark,  adicinui^. 

Orange,  a  cb.  of  Hillibo^ough  dtf. 
tri£l,  North-Carolina;  bounded  north 
by  Cafwell  co.  and  foutit  by  Chatham* 
The  rivers  Haw  and  Enoe  in  thiscoun. 
ty  have  rich  lands. on  their  borders,  ft 
contains  I2,zi6  inhabitants,  of  whom 
2060  are  (laves.  Chi,.l'town,  HilUbo- 
rough. 

Orange,  a  county  of  S.  Carolina, 
in  Orangeburg  diliridl. 

O  B  A  N  G  E ,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed north  by  Culpepper,  and  fouth  by 
Albemarle.  It  contains  9921  inhabi- 
tants, including 442 1  flaves.  Thecouit- 
houfe  is  fituated  ao«f)iles  fiom  Culpeip- 
percourt-houle,  30  from  C  harlottevilU:, 
and  273  from  Philadelphia. 

Orangebukg,  ndilhi^lofS.  Caro- 
lina, bounded  ibuth-weft  by  Savannah 
river;  eaft  by  the  river  6antee,  and 
north-eaft  by  the  Corigaree,  which  di- 
vide it  from  Camden  dillriSl;  fouth  by 
Beaufort,  and  Ibuth-ealt  by  Charlefton 
diftriil.  It  contains  18,513  inhabi- 
tanfsi  of  whom  5931  are  flaves.  Sends 
to  the  State:  ItgidatUre  10  repreicuta- 
tives  and  3  I'enaturs ;  and  with  the  dif- 
trift  of  Beaufort,  one  member  to  Con- 
grefs.  It  is  divided  into  4  counties, 
viz.  Lewifburg,  Orange,  Lexington  ai]d 
Winton. 

Orang<. burgh,  a  poft  town  of  S. 
Carolina,  and  capital  o^  the  above  dii- 
tri£V,  is  on  the  "E.  fide  of  the  N.  branch 
of  Edifto  river.  It  has  a  court-houfe, 
gaol,  and  about  50  iiuules;  diftant  77 
miles  N.N.W.ofCharlcftown,  36  fouth- 
erly  of  Columbia,  and  7x1  from  Phila- 
delphia. , 

O  r  /»  s  G  E  T  ow  N ,  or  Greenland,  a  plan- 
tation in  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  N.  W. 
of  Waterford.  One  branch  of  Sohgo 
river  rifes  in  the  northern  part  of  this 
plantation,  within  about  -^  miles  of 
Amarilcoggin  river,  where  tlitre  is  a. 
pond,  2  miles  long,  called  Songo  Pond, 
from  thence  the  ftie.im  luns  louthward. 
It  is  very  difficult  to  cfFe£l  roads  through 
this  mountainous  coiirtry;  lome  of  the 
mountains  alfording  precipices  200  feet 
perpendicular.  The  fides  of  the  moun> 
tains  and  vallies  are  fertile,  produce  good 
crops,  and  in  Ibme  inftanccs  aftbrd  wild 
onions  vylucV  relemble  thofe  that  are 

cultivated 


)^       g       O  It  F 

«UtlvKt«<f.  Winter  ry^i  which  U  tlif 
«Mtf  pitidvcii  lud  amovmted  to  so  bufh- 
tU  an  Mr«,  The  co\intry  in  the  neigh- 
b«MN'hood  ftx'merly  aboiuuled  with  vn- 
iltty  of  gnmei  vi«.  moofe,  dcvr,  bcnriit 
lieaver»  raccoon,  M>Wt  Sec,  h«it  nncr 
it  hai  hwn  inhnhitcd,  awwt  h;»»  become 
litarcei  Ueer  ait  cxtirpatnl  ln>m  the 
vicinity)  (hn>«  miMfe  I'cmuin  antong 
tte  muuntainst  ami  a  ftw  benvri'i  that 
a^  too  ta^i^ucinutt  to  be  nk<K\  by  the 
moil  crafty  hunter.  Since  the  <lecr 
have  been  tlcrt»\>yiU»  the  wnlvc*  h;\ve 
wholly  Iel>  thia  part  of  the  country. 

Okanobtown,  in  Orantfc  co.  New. 
Yo<-k,  i»  (ituateii  on  the  welt  fule  of  ttic 
TapiKtnSea,  oppfite  Philiplburgh,  and 
•howt  a?  nWlea  north  of  New.  York  city. 
Tlvt  townikip  is  bouiulcd  ciUttily  by 
NnJtcn^a  river,  ami  fouthcrly  by  the 
State  of  Nr\¥  Jerfey.  It  contain*  1175 
irthabitanttk}  of  whom  16a  aitcle<£tora, 
•ml  ao)  arc  (lives. 

OiiANOBTOWN,  in  Wafljington  co. 
MaiiMT)  it  19  inUes  diftant  tix)m  Ma- 
chi:«a. 

Orchilla,  one  of  the  Leewanl 
Idamis  in  the  WcU- Indies,  ritvu\t(\(  near 
the  caift  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  America  j 
betwetn  the  \([a\\<U  of  Tortuga  and  Ro- 
ca,'  15  or  16  leagues  north-well  of  the 
twiner,  ami  6  or  7  E,  and  ?..  by  N.  of 
the  latter.  It  is  about  8  leagxirs  long. 
On  the  S.  and  S.  W.  fide,  tlie  (hand  is 
ftcep  and  hoKi,  fo  that  a  (liip  may  lay 
her  broad  fide  clofc  to  the  (norej  but 
the  north  fide  is  find  and  rocky.  Here 
is  no  Rootl  water,  nor  iiuKtxl  any  thing 
elfe  but  (helter  from  northerly  winds, 
and  govt's  flrfh.  It  is  dividal  into  Ic- 
veral  (laall  iHaiids,  fcparatcil  from  each 
other  by  shallow  canals.  N.  lat.  11.  5a. 
W.  lon^.  6  c.  15. 

Orcos,  a  lake  of  Pern. 

Orpado  /{cfl,  near  thecoaft  of  Peril, 
is  4  miles  ib\ith  by  eail  of  Port  Callao. 
Near  it  ai«  tome  (mailer  ones,  and 
l-ound  them  from  9  to  16  fathoms  water. 

Oni\H0Vt  or  OreehoM,  a  fmall  elc- 
vntevl  illind,  cloie  to  the  north  fide  of 
Oiieehcow,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands  j 
with  which  it  is  co»ne61ed  by  a  reef 
o'  eorsi  rocks.  It  contains  about  4000 
inhibitnnts.  N.  lat.  as.  a.  W.  long. 
160.  8. 

Oregan  River.  See  /f»wr  0/ the 
Wefi. 

Orford*  a  to^-n(hip  in  Gmfton  co. 
New-hamp(htre,  fituatcd  on  the  call 


0^0 

bank  of  Coimc<5>ic»it  river,  about  if 
niiles  notih  of  Manovei'i  and  oppolite 
to  Fail  Ice  in  Vernionti  39J  miles  N.N. 
K.  of  Philadelphia.  It  was  incorporat*  . 
ed  in  1761,  and  contains  ^40  inhahi' ' 
rants.  The  (nan-rock,  which  kna  the 
proptrty  of  fiijlei's  earth  In  cleanf. 
ing  cloth,  is  (bund  lure)  ntfo  .tllili^ 
ore,  (Vre-ltone  (tt  for  bnildlng,  and 
a  grey'lKine,  in  gtttit  deman<1  (or  miiU 
ftones,  lYikonrd  equal  in  quality  to  the 
imnort;d  burr  (tones. 

OitP0Ni>,  t^fl/r,  the  nuth-weftern- 
mo(t  point  of  the  large  idand  tu  the 
we(lwai\l  of  Falkluiul's  vSound  in  the 
Falkland's  Ifiands,  in  the  S.  Atlantic 
Ocean,  an«l  iotith-ead  of  Cn|)e  Percival. 

Orinoko.    Sec  Or^mh  Rivtr, 

ORLKAN9,  the  middle  of  the  three 
norihfrn  cotnUics  of  Veiwont.     A  pint 
of  Lake  Meinphicmagog  projefls  into 
the  northern  pvrt  of  it  from  Canada, 
It  contains  »j  townfliips.    It  is  very 
high  land,  and  lends  its  waters  in  almoit 
every  «lirci\ion  of  the  compaCs.    .Clyde, 
Barton  and  Klack   rivers  empty  intoi 
Lake  Mcmphif  magog  j  the  waters  o|\ 
manyhranchfRof  Millilcoui,  La  Moelle, ' 
and  Oni'>n  rivers,  lifing  here,  fall  into 
Lake  Champlatn)   thule  of  M\ilhegun 
and  Paiuinpiick  empty  into  ConncAicut 
river. 

Orleans,  a  tnwnlhlp  in  the  co.  of  * 
Barnflabic,  MnfluchMtVtts,  taken  from 
the  (outhcrly  pHit  of  Eaftliam,  ind  in^^ 
corpora  ted  1797. 

OrlfaNvS,  Ifie  ef,  is  fituatcd  in  tlM 
river  St.  Lawivnce,  a  fmall  diflance. 
below  Q^icbec,  and  Is  remarkable  for 
the  rkhiids  of  its  foil.  It  lies  in  the 
middle  of  the  river,  the  channel  is  upon 
the  S.  fide  of  the  idnnd,  the  N.  fide  ncit 
having  depth  of  water  at  full  tide,  even 
for  (Itallops.  The  S.  W.  end  of  tlw 
ifland  is  called  Point  Orleans.  The^i 
coart  is  rocky  for  a  mile  and  a  hallT* 
within  the  S,  channel,  where  there  is  a 
careening  place  for  merchant  fliips. 
Round  point  Levi,  and  along  the  S.  K. 
fide  of  the  river,  the  (hore  is  rccky,  but 
the  middle  of  tho  balon  is  entirely  free. 

Orleans,  New,  See  Nrw  Or  leant* 

Orleans,  Old  For<,  k  fituated  oa 
the  W.  bank  of  a  bend  of  Mitlburi  riv- 
er, in  Lmiifiana,  a  confidcrablc  difiunce 
from  its  mouth.' 

t)RODADA  Pena,  on  the  eoajl  of 
Pern,  is  two  leagues  duenorthof  Lobos 
dc  Pajt*,  and  a  ibufU  by >vert  of  Payta. 

0R0MC0T0( 


OfRO 

vsleki 

river. 

tmve  I 

quoddy 
Oko 

live  net 

nifh  10 
OiiO 

Jargeft 
inarkal 

%  year 
ing 
it'main 
which 
itnte 
Thefe 
and  ev 
of  the 
An  the 
Miount 


* 


OKO 


OK  is. 


0ROMeOTOi  h  river  of  New  Brtmf' 
^ick»  which  cmpliei  into  8t.  Joitn*i 
rivtr.  By  thii  piiAlige  tiie  Imiiiini 
Imve  a  commvntcBtion  with  Pntruma- 
qviodtly  Bay. 

OhonpockBi  nn  Indian  tribe  who 
live  near  Tiuitt  Klvicrei,  niid  could  iur- 
nlfli  too  warrloi'i  about  «o  yean  tgo. 

OronokOi  w  OroHoqtte,  oneot  the 
largeft  riven  of  S.  Americni  nnd  !•  re- 
innrlcable  for  iti  rlfing  and  laligig  once 
%  year  only  i  for  H  gradunlly  rifm  dur- 
ing the  (pace  of  5  monthi,  nnd  then 
ifmaini   one  month    ftationui-y,    nfter 
which  it  falla  for  c  month*,  nnd  in  tliut 
ltnt«  contin>.iei    tor   one  month   alio, 
Thcfe  "trernate   chancci  arc  rcgnliu'i 
and  even  invariable.    Perh:i|ii  the  rirmi^r 
of  the  watert  of  the  river,  may  depcml 
on  the  raini  which  conliantly  IhII  in  ilie 
Hiountainti  of  the  Andfn,   (where  thr 
river  lint  iti  fource)  every  yeiir  alwut 
the  month  of  April)  and  though  the 
^     heisht  of  the  flood  depcndi  much  upon 
the  nreadth  or  extent  of  the  bed  of  the 
river,  yet  in  one  part  where  it  ia  nar<» 
mwert,  rt  rites  to  the  aftonifhing  height 
of  tao  (vet.    The  mouth  of  the  river  i« 
S,  bv  B.  of  the  Oulf  of  Paria,  in  lat.  8. 
50.  N.  and  long.  59.  50.  W.  and  oppo- 
life  to  the  Ifland  ot  Trinidad.  It  is  large 
and  navigable,  and  hat  many  good  towns 
on  its  bnnlcst  that  are  chiefly  mhabited 
by  the  SiMmfl),  and  is  Jolnetl  aKbon  the 
K.  fide  by  the  Lalce  Caiipa.    There 
are  two  other  illandt  at  its  mouth,  the 
entrance  to  which  it  alfo  fomevvhat  dan< 
gerous,  as  there  is  fi-equently  a  dreadful 
conflict  between  the  tide  of  the  ocean 
and  the  current  of  the  river,  that  mull, 
for  the  reatbns  afligned,  fometimet  run 
very  rapidly.    It  is  faid  the  river,  In- 
cluding its  windings,  takes  a  courfc  of 
1380  miles,  and  jircfcrves  the  frcflincCs 
of  its  waters  tivehm  Ua^ues  fronj  ti»c 
moMth  of  that  vaft  and  deep  channel, 
within  which  it  was  confined.     It  in»y 
be  confidered,  however,  as  having  many 
mouths,    which    are    formed    by    the 
idnnds  that  tie  before  its  opening  to. 
wards  the  ocean  \  yet  there  are  only  two 
that  are  conlldered  as  of  any  ule  for  the 
piu'pofes  of    navigation.     Thefe   are 
the  channels  of  Sabarima  and  Corobnna, 
otherwlfe  called  Caribbiana.     The  lat- 
ter lies  in  a  S.  by  W.  direftion,  and 
is  alio  divided  into  two  diitlnflxhan. 
R.U  that  afterwardi  meet  again  at  the 
^    iiUad  of  Trinidad  hi  the  mouth  of  the 


isff 


Oram!  river.  But  piloti  pretend  to' 
fny,  that  the  mottth  of  this  great  river^ 
bi'gini  from  the  river  Amugora,  reKJi- 
ing  from  thenee  to  the  river  Sabarima, 
and  from  thelce  nhout  to  the  river  Ca- 
ribbiana (  and  t<>n»c  Hccmintt  Rate  its 
moutha  to  he  40  in  number,  us  it  it  were 
a  collection  of  manyrivtii,  all  uititiMt 
at  ti^i  month  of  tlie  grcnt  river,  and  flP 
fiiling  to  convey  (he  mnin  l^rv.xm  of  that 
river  into  the  ocean.  The  weft  pafTage 
or  channel  of  the  river  Uronol^'j,  called 
by  the  Spaniards  the  Oulf  of  Paria,  lies 
lictween  Cape  Salinns  on  thf  main  and 
tlio  noMh-wcft  point  of  t^ni  ifland  of 
Trinidml.  It  contains  feverat  iflaiida* 
which  divide  the  flrcnm  of  tlie  river  in- 
to <(*vcral  brancltes,  particularly  the 
(Ircnt  Boco,  or  mouth,  which  it  the 
fiifiernmoi^,  being  about  gun  fliot  wide» 
but  having  no  fonndinffs,  with  too  fa- 
thoms, and  the  Little  Boco,  or  Mouthy 
which  is  the  weiternmoft,  being  almoft 
as  wide  as  the  other,  and  havins  ground 
at  fi-oin  50 to  60 fathoms.  At  NewCane 
Araya,  on  the  northward  fide  of  th« 
month  oF  this  river,  are  l^)t  pits,  whicit 
yield  the  fined  fait  in  the  world.  In 
Ibme  map*,  tl^  hcad«waters  are  called 
Intrchia.  « 

Oronoko,  LittU.    SteMocomo(9, 

Oropbsa,  a  town  in  the jtirifdiAioit 
of  LaPiata,  S.  America)  fltuated  6a 
miles  N.  W.  of  that  city,  in  the  valley 
of Cochabamba,  on  a  fmall  rivulet  which 
empties  into  the  river  Guapay.  It  ba« 
a  confiderable  trade  in  corh  and  fruiit. 

Oropesa,  s  town  of  S.  America,  in 
Peru,  featcd  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tains, 750  miles  from  Lima,  and  1 50  N. 
E.  of  Potofi.  S.  lat.  18.  W.  long  63. 
30.  ' 

Orphan's  Bank,  a  flfliing  bank  of 
the  S.  E.  ])oint  of  Chaleur>  Bay,  on 
the  N.  £.  coaii:  of  New-Brunfwick,  in 
N.  America.  On  it  it  from  75  to  30 
fathoms  water. 

Orphan's  J^mf,  a  fettlement  be- 
longing to  Hancock  co.  Diliriit  of 
Maine,  having  124.  inhabitants. 

Orrington,  a  plantation  in  Han* 
cock  CO.  Diftriil  of  Maine,  having  477 
inhabitants.     It  lies  on'the  esft  fide  «>■( 
Penoblcot  river,  16  miles  above  Buck!- 
town,  and  256  N.  N.  E.  of  Bofton. 

Orua,   Ot'ubo,  or  Arubat  the  mof^ 

wefterly  of  tlic  Caribbee  iflands  in  the 

Weft  Imlies,  called  by  the  Spanianis 

[  Las  lAas  dc  So^toycnto.    It  is  on  the 

coaik 


i9« 


6$d 


**- 


cpaft  of  the  Sptmifli  Main.    K.  tat.  ts. 
J.  W.  long.  69.  3.     j, 

OnuROt  a  jurifdi^lion  in  the  arch- 
btOioDric  of  La  Plata.  Its  c:ipital  is 
San  Phetipe  de .  Auftria  «k  Oriiro»  30 
leagues  from  the  city  of  L?Flata. 

OrweL,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  the 
norih-weft«rnnioft  in  Rutland  co.  and 
ited  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Lalie  Cliam- 
It  contains  778  inhabitants, 
lount .  Independence  (lands  in  this 
townfliip  oppofite  Ticenderogn,  in  the 
State  of  New- York.  Near  Mount  In- 
dependence is  a  chalybeate  fpring. 

OsAGESiir  an  Indian  nation  who  in- 
habit fouth.ofthe  Miffi>uri»  andean fur- 
bUH  ^o  warriors. 

Os'ages,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
rans  eaftward  to  the  MifToiiri. 

OsNA9UKG»  a  fraall  Uland  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  having  the  appearance 
of  the  roof  of  a  houCe.  It  is  about  4 
leagues  in  circuit }  is  high  land  }  full  of 
cocoa-trees ;  Itns'  no  {anchoring  place, 
and  fcarcely  affords  landing  for  a  boat. 
It  was  difcovered  by  Capt.  Wallis,  and 
is  called  Maitta  by  the  natives.  S.  [at. 
17.  s*.  W.  long.  148.  6. 

OsNABURG,  another  ifland  in  the  fame 
lea,  difcovered  by  Capt.  Carteret.  ^. 
lat.  si.  W.  long.  14.1.  34. 

OsnaburgHou/^  afettlementofthe 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  in  N.America ; 
iituated  at  the  N.  B:  corner  of  Lake  St. 
Jofeph,  i»o  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Gloucef- 
ter  Houfe.  N.  lat.  51 .  W.  long.  90. 1 5. 

Osorno,  ;m  inland  town  of  rhe  king- 
<lom  of  Chili,  fituated  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  river  Buena;  41  miles  E.  of  the 
fea-coafl,  and  45  S.  E.  of  Baldivia.  The 
adjacent  country  is  far  from  being  fruit- 
ful, but  very  fkh  in  gold  mines,  which 
renders  the  place  very  populous.  S.  lat. 
40.  30.  W.  long.  71.  50. 

OssABAW  Soundmnd  JJland,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  State  of  Georgia.  The 
found  opens  between  Waflaw  Ifland 
on  the  N.  and  Oilabaw  Ifland  on  the  S. 
and  leads  into  the  river  Ogeechee. 

OssiFEE,  or  Ofapy,  a  townfhip, 
mountain,  and  pond,  in  New-Hamp- 
ihire,  in  Stnifford  co.  near  the  E.  line 
of  the  State,  The  town  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1785,  and  has  139  inhabitants; 
The  lake  lies  N.  E.  of  Winnipifeogee 
Lake,  between  which  and  OfTipee  Lake 
is  QJ^pee  Mountaia,  defcribsd  in  the 
account  of  New-Uampfhire.  Its  waters 
run  £.  and,  joined  by  South  river,  form 


Gr'tai  6jjipa  Rivert  which  empties  tnttf 
Saco  river,  near  the  divilion  line  be- 
tween York  and  Cumhciland  counties^ 
in  Maine,  between  Limer  xk  and  Gor- 

ham<  ^  ' 

OssnosiaH,  or  AjimbayHf  Jndianst 
a  tribe  found  about  tlie  fburcei  of  Offno.^ 
bian  or  Afleneboyne  river,  fat  W.  of 
Lake  Superior.  They  are  faid  by  the 
Moravian  miflionaies  to  live  wholly  on 
animal  food,  or  at  leaft  to  confine  them- 
felves  to  the  I'pontaneous  produflions' 
of  nature;  giving  thole  who  dig  the 
groimd,  the  appellation  of y{avf^.«  Bread 
is  unknown  to  them.  A  traveller,  who 
lived  Ibme  months  Intheir  country,  of- 
fered to  fome  a  few  remnants  of  bread, 
which  they  chewed  and  fpit  out  again, 
calling  it  rotten  wood.  Thef'e  Indians, 
as  well  as  thofe  numerous  nations  who 
inhabit  the  countiy  from  Lake  Superior, 
towards  the  Shining  Mountains,  are 
great  admirers  of  the  beft  hunting- 
hoiTes,  in  which  the  country  abounds. 
The  horfes  prepared  by  them  for  hunt^ 
$;rs,  have  large  holes  cut  abo'/e  their  na- 
tural nofirils,  which  they  fay  makes 
them  longer  winded.than  others  not  thus 
prepared.  The  Offnobians  have  no 
permanent  place  of  abode,  but  live 
wholly  in  tents,  made  of  buffaloe  and 
other  hides,  with  which  they  travel 
from  one  place  to  •»nother,  like  the 
Arabs  \  and  as  foon  as  the  food  for  their 
horfes  is  expemled,  they  remove,  and 
pitch  their  tents  in  another  fertile  Ipot ; 
and  lb  ort  continually,  fcarcely  ever  re- 
turning to4he  fame  I'pots  again. 

OsTico,  a  Onall  lake  in  Onondago, 
CO.  New-York,  pactly  in  the  S.  £.  cor- 
ner of  Marcellus,  and  N.  W.  corner  of 
the  townfhip  of  Tully.  *  It  fends  its 
waters  from  the  N.  end,  which  is  eight 
miles  S.  weflerly  of  Onondago  Caftle, 
by  a  flrcam  16^  miles  long,  to  Sale 
Lake. 

OSTINES,  or CharleJIo'wn,  a  confider- 
able  town  in  the  ifland  of  Barbadoes. 

O s WE G AT CH I E /{iwr  and  Za*^,  in 
Herkemer  co.  New- York.  The  river 
empties  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  or 
Cataraqui.  Ofu'e[t;atchie  Lake  'ti  about 
19  miles  long,  from  S.  W.  to  N.  £.  and 
7  broad,  and  fends  its  waters  north-eaft- 
ward  into  the  river  of  its  name.  It  is 
about  10  miles  S.  E.  of  The  Tlwuf^nd 
Lakes,  near  the  entrance  into  Lake 
Ontario.  There  is  a  fort  of  the  fume 
name  fituated  on  the  Cataraqui  river, 

58  miles 


Ot  A 

5t  miles  N.  E.  oS  Kingltoiif  on  Lakt 
Ohntario. 

OswiSATCHiEs,  an  Indian  tribe 
Kfiding  at  Swagatchey*<  ^a  th«  river  St. 
Lawrence*  in  Canada  They  could 
ftimiOi  about  too  warriort,  so  year* 
fince. 

OcwEGOy  a  navigable  river  of  New- 
York,  which  conveys  the  waters  of 
Oneida  and  a  number  of  fmall  lakes, 
into  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  more  com- 
monly called  Ott<mdag9;  which  fee. 

OsWBOO,  a  fortrefs  ittuated  on  the 
£.  fide  of  the  mouth  of  the  above  river, 
and  fouth-eaftern  iide  of  Lake  Ontario, 
in  lat.  4-}.  i8.  N.  and  long.  76.  30. W. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Britiih  from  the 
French  in  1756,  and  confirmed  to  them 
by  the  peace  of  1763.  It  was  delivered 
up  to  the  United  States,  July  14,  1796. 
It  is  about  150  or  i(>o  miles  £,  by  N. 
of  Niagara. 

Otabalo,  a  jurirdi£lion  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Quito,  joined  on  the  fouth  to 
that  of  San  Miguel  de  Ibarra.  The 
lands  are  laid  out  in  plantations^  and 
produce  great  quantities  of  fugar.  The 
Indians  in  tlie  villages,  as  alfo  thofo 
who  are  independent,  nianufa£ture  great 
variety  of  cottons,  viz.  carpets,  pavil- 
ions for  beds,  quilts  in  damalk  work, 
wholly  of  cotton,  either  white,  blue,  or 
variegated  with  different  colours }  alj 
which  are  highly  valued,  both  in  the 
province  of  Quito  and  Pei-u,  where 
they  are  difpofecTof  to  great  advantage. 
The  wheat  and  barley  here,  is  fowed 
like  Indian  corn,  in  little  holes,  a  fool 
diftant  from  each  other,  putting  5  or  6 
corns  into  each ;  and  they  generally 
reap  above  an  hundredfold.  The  coun- 
try is  remarkably  fertile,  and  large 
quantities  of  cheefe  are  made. 

Otabalo,  the  principal  village  of 
the  above  jurifdi£lion,  is  large  and  po- 
pulous, and  faid  to  contain  18,000  or 
ao,ooo  fquls.  Among  them  is  a  con- 
fiderable  number  of  Spaniards. 

Otaha,  one  of  the  Society  IHands 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  whofe  north 
end  is  in  lat.  16.  33.  fouth,  and  long. 
151.  20.  wefT.  Tt  his  X  good  harbours. 
See  Ohofitene  and  Oherurua. 

Otaheite,  \.\ifiSagitaria  oi(^voi, 
who  firfl  dilcovered  it  in  i6o5,  one  of 
the  Society  Iflands,  in  the  South  Sea. 
It  was  lirft  vifited  by  Capt.  Wallis,  in 
1767,  and  atterwanis  by  Capt.  Cook 
aivl  other  circumnavigators.   It  conGfts 


OTA  99f 

'  of*  peninfulas,  which  are  connefted  by 
a  low  neck  of  land,  about  %  miles  ov«r  | 
the  circumferrtwe  of  both  peninfulas 
is  fomewhat  more  than  90  miUs.  Th« 
whole  ifland  is  furrounded  Sy  a  reef  of 
coral  rocks,  within  which  the  ihoit 
forms  fevei-al  excellent  bays  and  har-* 
hours,  where  there  is  room  and  dtpth 
of  water  for  any  number  of  the  larg|| 
fbips.  Tlw  face  of  the  country,  ex. 
cept  that  part  of  it  which  borders  upon 
the  fea,  is  very  uneven  ;  it  rife*  in  ridges 
tliat  run  up  into  the  middle  ot  the  ifland* 
and  there  torm  mountains,  that  may 
be  feen  at  the  diftance  of  60  miles. 
Between  thefe  ridges  ami  the  fea  i«  a 
border  of  low  land,  extending  along  all 
tlie  coatl,  except  in  a  tiew  places,  where 
the  ridges  rife  du-e£kly  trotn  the  fea* 
This  border  is  of  different  breadths,  but 
no  where  more  than  a  mile  and  a  half. 
There  are  feveral  rivers  much  larger 
than  could  be  expected  from  the  extent 
of  the  ifland  j  among  the  rocks  through 
which  thefe  precipitate  their  waters 
from  the  mountains,  not  the  leafl  ap. 
pearance  pi  minerals  is  to  be  found. 
The  ftones  fhew  evident  tokens  of  bar- 
ing  been  burnt.  Traces  of  fire  are  alfo 
manifeft  in  the  very, clay  upon  the  hills. 
It  may  therefore  not  unrealbnably  be 
Aippofed,  that  this. and  the  neighbour^ 
ing  iAands  are  either  fhatteied  remains 
ot  a  continent,  which  were  left  behind 
when  the  reft  was  funk  by  the  explo- 
fion  of  a  fubterraneous  fire,  or  have  been> 
torn  from  rocks  under  the  bed  of  the 
fea,  by  the  fame  caufe,  'and  thrown  up 
in  heaps  to  an  height  which  the  waters 
never  reach.  The  foil,  except  upon 
the  very  tops  of  the  ridges,  is  extremely 
rich  and  fertile,  watered  by  a  great 
number  of  rivulets  of  excellent  water, 
and  covered  with  fruit  trees  of  various 
kinds,  fome  of  which  are  of  a  ftately 
growth  and  thick  foliage,  fo  as  to  form 
one  continued  wood ;  even  the  tops  of 
the  ridges,  though  in  general  bare  and 
burnt  Up  by  the  fun,  are  in  fome  parts 
not  without  their  produce.  The  low 
landi  between  the  foot  of  the  ridge^ 
and  the  lea,  and  fome  of  the  interjacent 
vallies,  are  the  only  parts  of  the  ifland 
that  are  inhabited.  Here  indeed  it  is 
papulous.  The  houfes  do  not  form 
villages  or  towns,  but  are  ranged  along 

;  the  whole  border,  at  the  diftance  of 
about  50  yards  from  each  other.  When 
jch?  lAaud  was  firft  dilc/vered,  bogs, 

dogs 


\ 


40d 


OTa 


;t 


li^  tnd  poultry  were  the!  Only  Hmt 
mimalt  i  dticks,  pigeons,  paroquets, 
with  a  fiew  other  birds  anil  rats,  the  only 
wild  animak.  The  breed  of  hogs  has  been 
greatly  improved  by  fome  m  a  larger 
Kind,  thai  were  left  by  the  Spaniards  in 
1774.  Goats  were  nrft  introduced  by 
Capt.  Cook  in  1773  i  to  thefe  the  Spa- 
i^tds  have  added  fome,  and  they  are 
now  in  fuch  plenty,  that  every  chief  of 
amy  note  as  them.  Cats  wa-e  left  by 
Capt.  Cook,  and  European  dogs  of  fe- 
veral  forts  by  the  Spaniards.  In  1777, 
the  ftock  of  new  animals  received  the 
important  addition  of  a  turkey  cock  and 
lien }  a  peacock  and  hen ;  a  gander  and 
3  geefe  j  a  drake  and  4  ducks ;  a  horfe 
and  mare  j  a  bull  and  3  cows.  A  bull 
and  a  ram  had  ^  been  alfo  left  by  the 
Spaniards.  Beafts  of  prey,  or  noxious 
reptiles, -there  are  none.  The  vegeta- 
ble productions  are  bread-fruit,  cocoa, 
nuts,  bannanas\>f  13  forts,  and  all  ex- 
cellent ;  plantains )  a  fruit  refembling 
an  apple)  fweet  potatoes,  yams,  and 
cocoas.  The  people  exceed  the  mid- 
dle fize  of  Europeans  in  ftature.  In 
their  difpofitions^  they  are  brave,  open, 
and  generous,  without  either  fufptcion 
or  treachery.  Except  a  few  traces  of 
natural  cunning,  and  ibme  traits  of  dif- 
fimulation,  eoiially  artlefs  and  inoffen- 
five,  they  poffefs  the  moft  perfeft  fim- 
plrcity  of  charafter.  Their  aflions  are 
guided  by  the  immediate  impulfe  of  the 
reigning  paflion.  Their  paflions  are 
the  genuine  cfFufions  of  the  heart,  which 
they  have  never  been  taught  to  difguife 
or  reprefs,  and  are  therefore  depiftured 
by  the  ftrongeft  expreflltons  of  counte- 
nance and  gefturci  Their  feelings  are 
lively,  but  in  no  cafe  pennanent :  they 
are  aflPefted  by  all  the  changes  of  the 

Saffing  hour,  and  refleft  the  colour  of 
le  time,  however  frequently  it  may 
vary.  Their  vivacity  is  never  dlfturb- 
ed  by  anxiety  ot  care,  infomitch,  that 
when  brought  to  the  brink  of  the  grave 
by  difeale,  or  when  preparing  to  go  to 
battle,  their  faces  are  unclouded  by 
melancholy  or  ferious  refieftion.  Their 
language  is.  foft  and  melodious  j  it 
abounds  vfith  wels,  and  is  eafily  pro- 
nounced. It  is  rich  in  beautiful  and 
figurative  expreflions,  and  admits  of 
that  inverted  arrangement  of  words, 
which  diflinguiflies  the  ancient  from 
moft  modem  languages.  It  is  la  copi- 
ous, thatforthc  bread-fruit  alone  they 


6tl 

hive  above  twenty  names'.'  Add  to  thili 
that  befides  the  common  dialeA,  they 
often  e«poftulate  in  a  kind  of  ftanza  or 
recitative,  which  is  anfwered  ,in  the 
fame  manner.  The  *  peninfuhis'  form- 
erly made  but  one  kingdom.  They 
are  now  divided  into  two,  under  the 
names  of  Opureanou  Or  Otaheitenooe, 
and  Tiiabou  }  although  Otoo,  the  fove> 
reign  of  the  former,  (till  pofleifes  a  iw- 
minal  fuperiority  over  the  latter,  and  is 
ftyled  kmg  of  the  whole  ifland.  To 
him  alfo  the  ifland  of  Eimeo  is  fubjeA. 
Thefe  kingdoms  are  fubdivided  into 
diftri£ts,  each  with  its  refpeJlive  chief. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  in  1 774.,  was 
ettiraated  by  Capt.  Cook  at  »04,ooo. 
Wars  are  frequent  between  the  two 
kingdoms,  and  perhaps  between  iepa- 
rate  diftrifts  of  each.  The  inhabitants 
of  Eimeo  are  often  -excited  by  fome 
powerful  chief  to  aifert  their  independ- 
ence. The  power  9nd  ftrength  of  this 
and  the  neighoouring  ifland  s  lie  entirely 
in  their  navies )  and  all  their  decifiv^ 
battles  are  fought  on  the  water.  C  ta- 
heite  alone  is  Aippoild  able  to  fend  out 
1710  war  canoes,  and  68,000  able  men. 
The  chief  of  eachdiftrift  fuperintends 
the  equipping  of  the  fleet  in  that  dif- 
tri£l ;  but  they  muft  all  p^fs  in  review 
before  the  king,  fo  that  he  knows  the 
ftate  of  the  whole  before  they  alTcmble 
to  go  on  fervice.  Otaheite  lies  in  about 
1 8  deg.  of  S.  lat.  and  1  sodeg.  of  W.  Ion. 

Otakoctai,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  8. 
Pacific  Ocean,  4  leagues  fromWateeoo, 
and  about  3  miles  in  circuit.  S.  lat.  19. 
15.  W.  long.  158.  »3. 

Otchie^,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft 
of  St  America,  to  theweftward  of  the 
river  or  creek  called  Urano,  and  eaft  of 
Cape  Caldero. 

Otbavanooa,  a  large  and  fpacioni 
harbour  and  bay  ort  the  louth-  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Bolabola,  one  of  the  So- 
ciety Illands.  S.  lat.  16.  30.  W.  long. 
151., 43. 

OfiSFiELD,  a  plantation  in<Jumber- 
land  CO.  Dittrict  of  Maine,  eaft  of 
Bridgetown  in  York  co.  and  is*  miles 
N.  N.  E.  of  Bofton.  A  ftreaim  from 
Songo  Pond  pafles  through  the  weflerly 
part  of  this  town,  on  its  way  toSebago. 
It  is  very  free  of  ragged  hills  and  moun- 
tains. The  greateft  part  of  it  aifbnls  a 
growth  of  beech,  maple,  afli*  bafs,  and 
birch,  and  is  good  laad.'  It  containa 
197  inhabitants. 

OTOOAMIE8, 


O  TT 

OtOOAMiBS,  tin  Indian  nxtioa  In  the 
N.  W.  territory,  who  inhabit  between 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  Miflifippi 
river.    Warrior*  300. 

OtO(^b»  an  ifland  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean,  or  W.  coaft  of  New-Mexico, 
fttuated  in  the  Bav  of  Panama,  1 7  league* 
8.  of  the  city  of  that  name,  from  whence 
it  i*  fupplieo  with  provifions.  N.  lat. 
7.  50.  W.  long.  it.  10. 

Otsboo,  a  county  of  New- York, 
on  the  S.  Me  of  Mohawk  river,  oppo- 
fite  the  German  Flats.  The  head 
watcn  of  Sufquehannah,  and  the  Cook- 
qoago  branch  of  Delaware,  interfe6l 
this  county'  Here  are  alfo  the  lakes 
Otfegro,  ind  Caniaiierago,  which  fend 
their  waters,  in  an  united  (tream,  to  the 
Stttquehannah.  It  contains  9towii(hips, 
vis.  Kortrieht,  Harpersfield,  Franklin, 
Chemr  Valfey,  Dorlach,  Richfield,  Ot- 
fego,'  Burlington,  and  Unadilla.  It  con- 
tained, a  few  years  ago,  about  1000 
inhabitants;  but  fuch  has  been  the 
rapid  fettlement  of  this  county,  that  in 
January  1 796,  it  contained  3137  inhabit- 
ants, qualified  to  be  electors.  In  1791, 
when  this  county  was  but  thinlr  fettled, 
as  many  as  300  chefts  of  mapae  fugar^ 
were  manwf»£lured  liere,  4oolbs.  each. 
The  courts  are  held  at  Cooperflown,  in 
the  townfhip  of  Otfeg^o. 

Otseoo,  atownihipand  lake,  in  the 
county  above  defcribed.  The  townfhip 
viras  taken  from  Unadilla,  and  incorpo- 
rated in  1796.  On  the  E.  the  townfhip 
enclofes  Lake  Otfcgo,  which  feparates 
it  from  Cherry  Valley.  Lake  Otfego 
is  about  nine  miles  long,  and  little  more 
than  a  mile  wide.  The  lands  on  its 
banks  are  very  good,  and  the  cultivation 
of  it  eafy.  In  1790,  it  contained  1701 
inhabitants,  including  8  flaves.  By  the 
ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  there  wwe  490  of 
its  inhabitants  electors. 

OTTAWAS,an  Indian  nation  in  the  N. 
W.  territory,  who  inhabit  the  E.  fide 
of  Lake  Michigan,  at  miles  from  Michi- 
limackinack.  Their  hunting  grounds 
lie  betvveen  Lakes  Michigan  and  Huron. 
They  could  funiifli  aoo  warriors  20 
years  ago.  A  tribe  of  thefe  alfo  lived 
near  St.  Jofeph^s,  and  had  1 50  warriors. 
Another  tribe  lived  withtlieChippewas, 
on  Saguinnra  Bay,  who  together  could 
raife  200  warriors.  Two  of  thefe  tribes 
lately  hoftile,  figned  the  treaty  of  peace 
with  the  United  States,  at  Greenville, 
Augufl  3d,  1795.     In  confequence  of 


O  U  A 


401 


lands  ceded  by  them  to  the  United 
States,  government  has  agreed  to  pay' 
them  in  goods,  1000  dollar*  a  year^ 
for  ever. 

Ottawas,  a  large  river  of  Canfda, 
which  empties  into  the  St.  Lawrenct 
at  Ihe  Lake  of  the  Two  Mountains,  9 
miles  from  Montreal.  The  commtmi., 
cation  of  the  city  of  Montreal  with  th# 
high  lands,  by  thisiiver,  if  not  imprac- 
ticable,  is  at  leaft  veryexpenfive  and  pre* 
caripus,  by  reafon  of  its  rapids  and  falls. 
Otter  Bay,  on  the  fouth  coaflof  the 
iflaiki  of  Newfoundland,  is  between 
Bear  Bay  and  Swift  Bay,  and  near  Cape 
Raye,  thie  fouth-weft  point  of  the  idand. 

Otter  Creek,  called  by  the  French 
Rhiere  a  Lotrit,  a  river  of  Vermcmt, 
which  rifes  in  Bromley,  and  purfuing  • 
northern  direction  about  90  miles,  emp«. 
ties  into  Lake  Champlatn  at  Ferrifburg ; 
and  in  its  courle  receives  about  1 5  fmall 
tributary  Areams.  In  it  are  large  falls 
at  Rutland,  Pittsford,  Middkbury,  and 
Vergennes.  Between  the  foils  the  water  ' 
is  deep  and  navigable  for  the  largeft 
boats.  Vef&ls  of  any  burden  may  go  up 
to  the  falls  at  Vergennes,  5  miles  fi^om 
its  mouth.  The  head  of  this  river  i* 
not  more  than  30  feet  from  Batten  Kill^ 
which  runs  in  a  contrary  (KreSlion,  and 
falls  into  Hudffin's  river.  Its  mouth  is 
3  miles  north  of  Bafott  Harbour. 

Otter  Creek,  a  fmall  dream  which 
empties  into  Kentucky  river,  in  the  State 
of  that  name,  and  £.  ofBoonfborough^ 
Otter's  Heati,  a  fmall  peninfblil^ 
prqje£ling  from  the  north-eaftern  fhore 
of  Lake  Superior,  and  north-weft  of 
Michipicoton  Iiland. 
OuABASH.     See  Wabajk  River. 
OuAis's  Bay  and  River,  are  about 
2  leagues  round  the  north  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  in  the  Gulph  of 
St.  Lawrence,  and  fouth-fouth-weft  of 
the  ifland  of  Limbach. 

OuANAMiNTHE,aFrenchpari(h,8nd 
village  on  the  N.  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
St,  Domingo,  about  a  league  and  a  half 
W.  of  Daxabon,  in  the  Spanifli  part, 
from  which  it  is  feparated  by  the  river 
Maflacre  j  6  leagues  from  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  and  5  &.  E.  of  Fort  Dauphin. 
OUAqUAPHKNOGAW,  or  EkcbifaK- 
oka  is  a  lake  or  rather  inar/h,  between 
Flint  and  Oakmulgee  rivers,  in  Georgia, 
and  is  nearly  300  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence. In  wet  feafons  it  appears  like  an 
inland  fea,  and  has  frvcral  large  ifland  s 
Cc  of 


4f« 


au  E 


of  rich  land}  one  of  which  the  pteicnt 
gcKlR-ation  of  Creek  Indiant  reprefcnt 
fl^  the  moft  bliftful  fpot  on  earth.  They 
fay  it  is  inhabited  by  a  peculiar  race  of 
IiKliana,whorc#omen  are  incomparably 
beautiful .  They  tell  that  this  terreftrial 
paradife  has  been  feen  by  Ibme  enter- 
prising hunters,  when  in  purfuitof  their 
game,  who  being  loft  in  inextricable 
iWamps  and  bogs,  and  on  the  point  of 
pcrifliing,  were  unexpeAedly  relieved 
py  a  company  of  beautiful  women, 
whom  they  call  daughters  of  the  Sun, 
yrho  kindly  gave  them  fuch  provifions 
a«  they  had  with  them,  confifting  of 
fruit  and  com  cakes,  and  then  enjomed 
them  to  fly  for  iafety  to  their  own  coun- 
try, becaufe  their  huibands  were  flerct 
men  and  cruel  to  fti-angers.  They  fur- 
ther  fay  that  thefe  hunters  had  a  view 
of  their  fettlementi ,  (itnated  on  the  ele- 
vated banks  of  an  ifland,  in  a  beautiful 
lake }  but  in  all  their  endeavours  to  ap- 
proach it,  they  were  involved  in  perpe- 
tual labyrinths,  and,  likeenclianted  land, 
ftill  as  they  imagined  they  had  juft 
gained  it,  it  feemed  *^o  fly  before  them; 
and  having  quitted  the  delufive  purfuit, 
they  with  much  difliculty  effefled  a  re- 
treat. They  tell  another  ftory  concern- 
ing this  (equeftered  country,  which 
&ems  not  improbable,  which  is,  that 
the  inhabitants  are  the  pofterity  of  a 
fugitive  remnant  of  the  ancient  Yamafes, 
who  efcaped  maflacre  after  a  bloody 
and  deciuve  battle  between  them  and 
the  Creeks,  (who,  it  is  certain,  conquer- 
ed and  nearly  exterminated  that  once- 
powerful  people)  and  here  found  an 
afylum,  remote  and  fecurc  from  the 
fury  of  their  proud  conquerors.  The 
rivers  St.  Mary  and  Sitilla,  which  fall 
into  the  Atlantic,  and  the  beautiful  Lit- 
tle St.  Juan,  which  empties  into  the 
bay  of  Appalachi  at  St.  Mark's,  are  faid, 
ity  Bartram,  to  flow  from  this  lake. 

OvASiOT.o  Mountains  are  (itviat- 
ed  N.  W.  of  the  Laurel  Mountains  in 
N.  Carolina  and  Virginia.  They  are 
50  or  60  miles  wide  at  the  Gap,  and 
450  in  length  N.  E.  and  S.  W.  They 
abound  in  coal,  lime,  and  free-ftone. 
Their  fummits  are  generally  covered 
yrhh  good  foil,  and  a  variety  of  timber, 
tnd  the  intervale  lands  are  well  watered. 

OvEPAS,  a  town  on  the  coaft  of  Cof- 
U  Rica,  on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
S.  of  Carthago. 

OviATANQN,  a  final]  ftockaded  fort 


O  V  I 

in  the  N.  W.  territory,  on  the  wcAerrt 
fide  of  the  Wabaih  river,  in  lat.  40.  yt, 
N.  and  long.  I7,  j8.  W.  and  faid  to  be 
about  1 30  miles  foutherly  of  Fort  St. 
Joi'eph.     This  was  formerlv  a  French 

Coli.  Thus  far  the  Wabam  is  haviga- 
le,  41s  miles  from  its  moiith,  for  hat- 
teaux  drawing  }  feet  watex.  A  filver 
mine  has  been  difcovered  here.  The 
neighbouring  Indians  are  the  Kickapooi, 
Mufquitons,  Pyankifliaws,  ami  a  princi- 
pal part  of  the  Oti  iatanons .  The  whole 
of  thefe  tribes  couki  furnifli,  about  xo 
years  ago,  1000  warriors.  The  fertility 
of  foil,  and  diverfity  of  timber  in  this 
country  are  the  fame  as  in  the  vicinity 
cf  Poft  St.  Vincent. 

OuiNlASKE,  or  Sbelbunte  Bay,  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  feta  up 
S.  eafterly  through  the  town  of  Bur- 
lington, in  Vermont  into  the  northern 
part  of  Shelburne. 

OuiicoNsiNo,  a  navigable  river  of 
the  N.  W.  territorv,  which  empties  in- 
to  the  Mifltfippi  in  lat.  43.  33.  and  loiu^. 
94.  S. )  where  are  villages  of  the  Sa^k 
and  Fox  tribes  of  Indians.  This  river 
has  a  communication  with  Fox  river, 
which,  pafltng  through  Winnebago 
Lake,  enters  PuanBay  in  Lake  Michi- 
gan. Between  the  two  rivers  there  is 
a  portage  of  only  3  miles.  On  this 
river  and  its  branches  refide  the  Indians 
of  its  name.    Warriors  300. 

OuLiONT,  a  village  of  the  ftate  of 
New- York,  on  the  poaft-road  from  Hud- 
fon  to  the  Painted  Poft.  It  is  35  miles 
W.  of  Harpersfleld,  and  50  N.  E.  of 
Union,  on  Suiquehannah  river,  and  lies 
on  the  north  fide  of  a  creek  of  its  name 
which  empties  into  Unadilla  river. 

OuTSR  Buoy,  in  Hudfon's  Bay, 
lies  in  lat.  51.  38.  N.  and  Ave  miles £. 
of  North  Bluff. 

Outer  IJUmd,  onthecoaft  of  La- 
brador, is  in  tlie  clufter  called  St.  Au-. 
gujtine's  Square;  S.  W.  of  8andy 
Ifland,  and  eaft  of  Inner  Ifland. 

OuTiMACSj  a  tubeofIt]|dians,inthet 
N.W.Territory,  refiding  between  Lakes 
Michigan  and  St.  Clair.  Warriors  toer. 

Oven's  Mouth  Bay,  in  the  diftrift 
of  Maine,  lies  on  the  S.  fide  of  Booth- 
bay  townfliip,  in  Lincoln  co.  la  miles 
from  the  fliire  town,  and  190  N.  by  E« 
ofBofton. 

Ovid,  a  townfliip  of  New- York,  in 
Onondago  co.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1794- »  >*  feparated  from  Milton  on  the 


O  W  H 

B.  by  Cayuga  Like,  and  comprehends 
nil  the  lands  in  the  county  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Seneca  Lake.  The  centre  of 
the  townOiip  is  ao  miles  S.  oF  the  W. 
fide  of  the  ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake.  In 
1796,  there  were  107  of  its  inhabitants 
'qualified  to  be  eleftors'. 

OwASCO,a  lake,  partly  in  the  towns 
of  Aurelius  and  Scipio.  in  Onondaf^o 
CO.  New- York.  It  is  about  1 1  miles 
long,  and  one  broad,  and  communicates 
with  Seneca  river  on  the  N  by  a  ttream 
which  nins  through  the  town  of  Brutus. 
The  high  road  from  Kaats'  Kill  welt- 
ward,  paJTes  towards  Cayuga  ferry, 
near  the  N.  end  of  the  lake. 

OWEOO,  a  puft-town  in  Tioga  co. 
New-York,  on  the  call  branch  of  the 
Sufquehannah,  ao  miles  wefterly  of 
Union,  34  N.  E.  of  Athens,  at  Tiog:i 
Point,  and  %t^  from  Philadelphia.  In 
X796,  170  of  its  inhabit,  were  electors. 

OwEOO  Creek,  in  Tioga  co.  frrves 
as  the  eaft  boundary  of  the  townfliip  of 
its  name.  It  has  feveral  fmali  branches 
which  unite  and  empty  through  the  N. 
bankof  theeatl  branch  of  Suiquehannah 
river,  about  184  miles  W.  of  the  mouth 
</f  Chenengo  river. 

OuYATOisKA  J«y  and  River,  on 
the  coaft  of  Esquimaux,  or  N.  fliore  of 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  is  to  the 
weftward  of  Natachquoin  river. 

OwH4iRit.BB,a  harb  .ur  on  the  north- 
ern pait  of  the  weft  coaft  of  Houaheine, 
one  of  the  Society  Iflands,   i$  leagues 
a.  W.  by  W.  of  Otaheite  Ifland.     S 
lat.  16.  44.  W.  long.  151.  t. 

OwHYHEE,  one  ^tlie  largeft  of  the 
Sandwich  Iflands,  is  about  300  miles  in 
circumference }  betvreen  tt.  50.  and  10. 
b6.  N.  lat.  and  between  103. 48. and  ao5. 
7.  E.  long,  firom  Greenwich.  The  ex- 
tenfive  mountain,  named  Mouna  Roa, 
on  the  S.  E.  part  of  the  ifland,  i«  16,020 
feet  high.  It  conflits  of  three  peaks 
which  are  perpetually  covered  with 
fnow,  thougn  within  the  tropics,  that 
are  vifible  40  leagues  out  at  Tea.  At 
the  fouthern  end  of  the  ifl;<iu)  is  a  vil- 
lage called  Kaoo-A-poana,  on  the  fbuth- 
eaftern  fide-;  Aheedoo,  on  the  north 
eaftern  part  of  the  ifland ;  Amakooa 
is  on  the  northern  end }  Tirooa  on  the 
tiorth-wtfftern  flde,  where  is  the  bay  of 
Toyahyah ;  and  on  the  weftern  fide, 
N.  W.  of  Kaoo,  is  the  br.y  of  Kara*ka- 
kooa.  It  has  the  fame  produAions  as 
tb«  Society  and  Frieadij  jflaads^  and 


OXF  40f 

a^ijt  150,00*  inhablttntf^  who  ire  111* 
turally  miM,  friendly  and  hofpitable  t» 
ftranj^rs.  Tht  fea  abounds  with  » 
great  variety  of  excellent  fi(h.  Th« 
celebrated  navigator  Capr.  Jimes  Cook 
loft  his  life  here,  by  an  unfortunate  and 
momentary  icalouiV  of  the  nativei. 

OwL%  Head,  a  head  land  on  the  Vt, 
fide  of  Pcnobfcot  Bay,  in  the  diftriflt  of 
Maine.  It  h  s  a  gooit  harbour  on  th* 
larboard  hand  as  vou  fro  to  the  ea^« 
waid.  The  hirbwu*  makes  with  a 
deep  cove}  has  4  fathoms  water,  nnd  t 
muddy  bur  torn.  It  it  open  to  the  E. 
toN.  and  E.  N.  E.  winds;  but  in  all 
other  winds  you  are  fafV.  The  tide 
oi'  flaoH  lets  to  the  elftward,  and  the  tide 
ofcbb  S.  W.  throusrh  the  Mulcle  Kidgei. 

Ox,  a  livei  of  lioniliana.  bee  Red 
River, 

Oxbow,  Grett,  a  bend  of  the  river 
Conne6licu  ,  about  the  middle  of  the 
townfhip  of  Newbury,  in  Venooat} 
which  lee.  It  contams  450  acres  of 
the  fine(f  meadow  land  in  New  England. 

OXPORD,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  oo* 
Maflkchuiiitts.  It  contains  tooo  inha- 
bitants i  is  1 1  miles  fotithward  of  Woi^« 
celter,  and  54  S.  W,  of  Bofton. 

Oxford,  a  village  in  Briftol  co. 
Maflachufetts }  fee  Netjo-Bedfird, 

Oxford,  a  parifit  in  the  northern 
part  of  Derby  in  ConneAicut,  contain- 
ing 140  families;  17  miles  N.  W.  of 
New-Haven. 

sj  Oxford,  a  poft-town  of  New- York, 
.  I  in  Tioga  co.  45  miles  N.  E.  of  Unk>n» 
and  10  S.  W.  of  Butternuts.  Thie 
townfliip,  lies  between  Jericho  and  U. 
nion,  and  is  bounded  northerly  on  Nor- 
wich, and  wefterly  by  the  tra£l  called 
the  Chenengo  Triangle.  It  v^as  incor« 
porated  in  1793I  Here  is  an  incoirpo* 
rated  academy. 

Oxford,  a  townfliip  of  New-Jerfey, 
fituated  in  Suflex  co.  on  the  eaft  bank 
of  Delaware  river,  15  or  »o  miles  N. 
£.  of  Eafton  in  Pennfylvania.  It  c<  n- 
tains  1905  inhabit,  including  65  flavet. 

Oxford,  a  townftiipof  Pennlylvania« 
fituated  in  Philadelphia  co.  There  is 
one  of  the  fame  nnme  in  Chefter  co. 

Oxford,  a  pcM-t  «f entry,  on  thee:ift« 
ernfliore  of  Clielapeak  Bay,  in  Talbot 
CO.  Its  exports  in  1 794  amounted  to 
6,95(>  dollars.  It  is  1 3  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Eafton,  and  about  48.  S.  £.  of  Balti- 
more. 

OxFoft»,  a  .finall  poft-town  of  Nl 

C  c  a  Caroiini, 


Caroliiu*  S^  n^  from  BitUb«Pfm^» 
Iffn^uhoM  4f  6  from  Pbtl»dciphi«. 

O^'Tta  Agr,  «  towtiAip  af  New- 
y«rk,  fiuiated  in  Q^n't  co.  I'Ong- 
piand,  extending  from  the  Sound  S. 

!t  the  Atlimtic  Ocean,  and  indudet 
loyd'a  Neck,  or  Q^ecn*«  Villa^,  ami 
Hpg-Ifland.  It  contain* 4,097  inhabit. 
#f  whom  61  tare  ele£brt*aiid  |tt  flavet. 

O  vaTS A  Bay, »  hacbow  for  froali  vef- 

fiU  in  the  S.  W.  limits  of  the  town  of 

.Bamftahlc,  in  Bacnftable  co.  Maflkchu- 

^tu  i  which  fee.    It  albrda  excellent 

•grfter*  t  hence  ita  name* 

OysTBk  Mti/tt  in  Pelaware  Baf,  lie 
appolite  Nantiixet  Bay. 

Oyste«  Poititt  on  the  coaft  of  S. 
Carolina,  where  tlie  water  does  not  ebb 
vitill  an  hour  and  a  half  after  it  begins  to 
cl>b  at  the  bar  of  Afliley  river,  near 
£barleftown .  It  is  beft  to  go  in  an  hour 
jmd  an  half  before  high  water. 

OvsTnu.Potuf,  a  part  of  the  waters 
-4f  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  which  fct  up 
weftward  into  Long-Ifland,  in  the  ftate 
of  New- York,  between  the  north -eaft- 
CnuBoft  point  of  the  ifland  called  Oyf' 
ter  Pond  Point,  and  Gardner's  Ifland. 
Off  the  point  are  two  fmall  iiles,  one  of 
yt^dx  u  called  Plumb-Iiland. 

'Oy»T«ft  River,  a  W.  branch  of  Pif- 
Cftf^uariveriaNew-Hampfliire;  which 
we.  IJmbafn  ftaods  on  its  S.  fide,  near 
its  jun^ion  with  the  main  ftream  at 
Helton's  Point. 

0-YOit6-WOifCEYK,onLake  Onta- 
rioi  at  Joh)i<bn^s  Landing- Place,  about 
4  miles  eaftward  of  Fort  Niagaia. 

OzAHA,  one  of  the  largeft  rivers  of 
%  iJlland  of  St.  Domingo,  in  ^  Weft- 
Indies,  and  on  which  the  city  of  St. 
I}omingo  is  fitualed.  It  is  navigable  9 
or  10  leagues  from  S.  to  N.  One  may 
judge  of  the  enormous  volume  of  water 
which  the  confluent  ftream  of  Ifabella 
and  Oxama  fends  to  the  fea,  by  the  red 
colour  it  gives  it  in  the  time  of  the 
Hoods,  and  which  is  perceivable  as  far 
a$  the  eye  can  diftinguifli.  There  ts  a 
rock  at  the  moutli,  which  prevents  the 
entrance  of  veOVls  drawing  more  than 
» 8  or  »o  feet  of  water.  Tnp  river  for 
a  league  is  24  feet  deep;  and  its  banks 
are  w  feet  perpendicular,  but  N.  of  the 
city  this  hetglu  is  reduced  to  4  feet. 
This  real  natural  bafon  has  a  bottom  of 
mudor  loft  fand,  with  a  number  of  ca- 
reening places.  It  feldom  ovei^ws 
it»  bankS)  cxc^  in  very  ex(i»0i4infU'y 


fAC 

famndatioiw.  The  road  bcfbrt  (tie 
mouth  of  the  Oiama  i»  verv  iadiffir- 
rent,  and  lies  expofcd  from  W.  S.  W. 
to  E.  It  is  inipoflible  to  anchor  in  it  in 
tbe  time  of  the  (both  winds,  and  the 
north  winds  drnrr  the  veflela  from  their 
moorings  out  into  the  fea,  which  heie 
runs  extremely  high.  See  Dtmingt 
City.  The  mouth  m  the  river  is  in  lat. 
iS.iX.N.fc Ion. from Paiia  7a.3S.W. 


P 


FIBLO,  St.  a  lakeinthejurirdiflion 
of  Otabalo,  in  the  province  of  Quito, 
3  leagues  in  length,  and  nhout  half  a 
league  in  breadth.  .  The  lake  is  every 
where  furrounded  with  a  fpecies  of  ruihes 
called  Totoral,  among  which  are  vaft 
numbers  of  wild  geele  and  galarettes. 
Its  waters  empty  into  the  Rio  Blanco.. 

Pablo,  St.  a  village  on  tiie  above 
lake,  inhabited  principally  by  Indians. 

Pablo,  St.  a  town  on  the  S.  coaft  of 
the  Ifthmus  of  Darien,  in  the  proviibce 
of  Verafirua,  S.  America. 

Pa  Bo,  the  Micmac  name  of  a  river» 
on  tlie  northern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bayv 
about  fix  leagues*  from  Grand  Ri- 
viere, W.  N.  W.  of  Cape  Defpair. 

Pacajes,  a  province  of  S.  America, 
which  is  rich  in  filver  mines,  thougb 
they  are  not  much  worked.  Here  are 
alfo  mines  of  talc,  called  Jafpes  Blanco* 
de  Verenguela,  on  account  of  their 
tranlparent  whitencfs.  In  this  province 
are  an  abundance  of  emeralds. 

Pacaiuores,  a  diftrl£l  of  Peru,  in 
S.  Anwrica.  The  air  is  temperate,  and 
the  earth  abounds  in  gold.  An  Indian 
nation  of  thi«  name  inhabits  the  banka. 
of  Amazon  river. 

Pacayita,  a  volcano  in  Guatimala, 
in  New-Spain.  In  177  3,  tlie  lava  which 
UTued  from  it  deftroyed  the  city  of  St. 
Jago,  which  was  fituated  in  the  valley 
of  Panchoi. 

Pachacama,  or  Pachamac,  a  fa. 
mous,  fruitful,  and  pleafaVit  valley  in 
Peril,  4  leagues  from  .Lima,  formerly 
beautified  with  a  magnificenl  temple 
built  by  the  Incas,  and  dedicated  to  the 
Creator  of  the  Univerfe,  The  Peruvians 
Itad'in  it  feveral  idols.;,  biit  they  had  \o 
great  a  reverence  for  God,  whom  they 
caUed  Packacamac,  that  they  offered 
him  wliat  they  efteemed  moft  precious,, 
and  duift  not  look  upon  bimj  fe.  that 

their 


f  AC 

ftietr  k'mfgt  hiJ  pricftt  entered  tl^Ie  tem- 
ple with  their  back*  towards  hii  altar, 
and  came  etit  again  v»ithuiit  daring  to 
turn  about.  The  ruins  of  tliis  liipfrb 
itru6hire,  fayt  Jov«t,  do  yet  demonitratr; 
its  former  nmgnificence  and  erearneCs. 
Such  immenli:  trcaftires  had  bren  laid 
up  in  it,  that  Ferdinand  Pizano  tound 
to  tlie  vahie  of  900,000  dttcats  in  it ; 
although  400  Indians  had  tnken  away 
as  much  as  they  could  cari-y  ;  and  the 
Spanifli  foidiers  pillaged  it  before  he 
came.  The  cruel  Spaniards  tortured 
the  natives,  but  could  not  extrad^  a  di'- 
cofcry  of  the  hidden  treaCure. 

Pachea,  the  moft  nditherly  of  the 
iflands  called  the  Pearl  oi  King's  lAands, 
all  low  and  woody,  and  about  ix  leagues 
from  Panama.  Within  a  league  of  this 
iHaml  ther*^  is  anchorage  in  17  fatlioms. 

Pachegoia,  a  lake  of  New  South 
Wales,  in  N.  America;,  in  lat.  55.  N. 

PACHE(nfE,  a  fine,  but  fmali  iHand 
on  the  S.  W.  fide  of  the  bay  of  Panama, 
on  the  coaft  of  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  one  of  the  beautiful  iHands  within 
the  femicircular  bay  from  Panama  to 
Point  Malae.  Theli;  iflands  yield  wnotl. 
water,  fiuit,  fowls,  hogs,  &c.  and  af- 
ford excellent  harbour  tor  fiiipping. 

Facmuco,  a  town  of  Mexico  famous 
for  the  filyer  mines  in  its  vicinity.  It 
is  r»id  that  within  10  miles  there  arc 
1000  of  them.  It  lie9  ^o  mijts  from 
the  city  of  Mexico. 

Pacific  Ocean,  ealled  in  the 
Ttmch  charts  Mar  M  Zur,  or  South  S^a, 
a  prodigious  ocean  dividing  America 
from  Ami.  It  is  about  io,ooo  miles  in 
breadth,  and  ii,pc0  in  length. 

PackerspibM),  atownftiipof  New- 
Hampfhire,  Chefliire  co.  E.  of  Keene, 
en  the  head  branches  of  AAiuelot  river. 
it  is  86^  miles  wefterly  of  Portfmouth, 
was  incorporated  in  1774^  ar.4  ^contains 
f*i  inhabitants. 

Pacmote,  a  bay  oh  theeaft  fide  of 
♦he  ifland  of  Martinico,  between  Vau- 
«lin  Bay  on  the  north,  and  Fere  Ance  or 
Creek  on  the  foirth. 

Pacoi&t,  a  ftnall  river  of  South-€a- 
rolina,  which  riles  in  the  White  Oak 
Mountains,  and  unites  with  Broad  river, 
so  miles  above  Tyger  river,  and  14 
Ibuth  of  the  North-Carolina  line.  Its 
«ourre  is  about  fouth-eaft,  and  on  it  are 
tlie  celebrated  Pacolct  Springs,  17  miles 
above  its  confluence  with  Broad  river. 
'.PADOveASta-  weftcm  branch  of  Mif- 


P  A  It  4bt 

Ibnri  river.  The  tribe  of  Indltm  of  this 
name  art  faid  by  forae  to  be  of  Wclcti 
origin. 

Pa 0 it's  Por.*,t  finall  harbour  witfc- 
in  the  great  found  of  the  Bahama  tflandr, 
and  in  the  moft  eafterly  part  of  the  found. 

Pagitisa,  ot  Faqutfa^  on  the  weft 
fide  of  South- America,  in  lat.  it.  55.  S. 
and  10  leagues  north  of  the  harbour  of 
Cobija,  in  the  bayof  Atacama.  Haguey 
lie  Paguifa,  or  the  watering  place  «f 
Paouila,  is  1 5  leagties  from  Cobija.  Tlttf 
whole  coaft  between  ir  hish,  moun^iii- 
ous  and  rocky,  in  the  dircaio'i  of  nurth« 
north- ealt. 

Painted  ^,  a  Aition,  (0  called  I» 
New  .York  State,  in  Tioga  co.  on  thfc 
nor t  hero  fide  c^  Tioga  river,  betwcenr 
Bath  and  Newtown ;  40  mile*  N.  W. 
by  W.  of  Tioga  Point,  or  Atheni,  jt 
ibuth-eaft  of  Williamibureon  Geneffec. 
river,  and  130  N  W.  of  Philadelphia. 
A  poft-odice  is  kept  here. 

Painted  Rack  is  on  French  Broad 
river,  by  which  the  line  runt  between 
Virginia  and  Tenneflee.  ' 

Painter's  Marl>9ur,  on  the  weft 
coa'it  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  is  nearljr 
du?  eafl  of  Eaft  Point  in  the  ifland  of  St. 
John's.  N.lat.46.2z.  W.long.  6i.i5. 

Paita.     See  Payta. 

Paix,  Port  tie.    See  Port  de  Paix. 

P Aj aro,  Pajarot,  or  Paxarott  iflandf 
on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  on  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.  Thcfeare  3  or  4  rocks, 
the  largeft  of  which  is  called  Pajaro 
Ninno,  orPaxaro  Ninno,  and  %  milet 
N,  W.  by  N.  from  the  ibnthemmoft 
point  of  the  Ma:in,  or  Point  Tortugas, 
that  clofes  the  port  of  Coquimbo. 

Pajaros,  Les,  or  IJlands  of  Birdtt 
aclufleroffmall  iflands  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  »  Icagnts  N.  N.  W.  of  the  Bay 
of  Coquimbo,  and  7  S.  S.  E.  of  the  har- 
bour bf  Guaico.  The  ifland  ofChoros 
is  4  miles  north  of  tiiefe  iflaris,  to- 
wards  the  harbour  of  Guafco. 

Pakanokit,  the  feat  of  Mafaffaiti 
the  famous  Indian  Chief,  was  fituatedoi^ 
Namaflcet  river,  which  empties  intd 
NaiTaganfet  Bay. 

Palatine,  (New- York).  Apaitof 
this  town  was  eredled  into  2  new  towns 
'  by  the  legiflature,  in  1797. 

Palatine,  ^r  PalentittCi  a  townfliip 
in  Montgome.'  co.  New. York,  on  the 
n0rth  fide  of  ?  iohawk  river,  and  weft  of 
Caghnawaga.  In  1790  it  contained 
3,404  inhabitants,  including  192  Haves. 

Cc  3  la, 


Jni7q6,  5lf  of  the  inhabltiinti  wen 
clcAon*  The  comuaA  part  of  it  ftnnds 
on  the  bank  of  the  Mohawk,  and  con- 
taint  K  Reformed  Dutch  church,  and  so 
or  lo  houiet.  It  i*  36  mile*  above 
SeheneAady. 

Palatine  Town,  in  the  ftate  of 
New-Yoi  k,  lies  on  theeaft  bank  of  Hnd- 
fun'a  river,  and  no)-th  fide  of  the  mouth 
of  Livingfton  river,  which  empties  in- 
to the  former}  11  niilri  north  of  Kliyn- 
beck,  and  15  (buiherly  of  Hudlbn  city. 
^  PALLtibii's  Jjlamts,  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Occin,  are  between  is  and  16  de> 
frees  o  S.  lat.and  from  146  to  147  de- 
greesot  W.  long.  From  lat.  14  to  0.8. 
•nil  long.  I  ?t.  to  I  (0.  W.  the  ocean  is 
Arcwai  with  lowjlMlf-ovcrfl  wed  ifliinds, 
wbich  renders  it  ntcciFtry  tor  naviga- 
toft  to  proceed  with  nit.ch  cxution, 
,  PAtMA,  a  town  <:f  liiraFirma,  in 
N.  Ameii'-a,  50  miles N  W.ofSt.  Fede 
B^tKots-  N.  lat.  4*  '^o.  W.  long.  73.40, 

Palm  A  8,  a  hr^re  r  vn  on  the  w.il 
coaft  of  the  Gu'f  ot  Wxico,  whole 
mouth  is  v<  lat.  s$  N  and  long.  08.  ^6. 
W.  Some  of  Its  branches  :in  in  a 
courfe  aim  ft  dircftly  lali  from  the 
mount  ins  io  the  e:iftward  of  the  gulf 
of  California. 

Palmer,  a  rough  an<l  hilly  town 
fltip  in  H:impf)iire  co.    MaflachnlUts, 
t^  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bofton,  it  is  fitu 
!  Itted  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Chickcpec 
river,  and  bounded  caftward  by  Weft 
cm,  in  Worctftcr  co.    An  z6i  pafled  in 
laft  leflion»  1796,  to  incorporate  a  focie- 

2  to  make  a  turnpike-road  between 
efe  two  towns.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1751,  and  contains  809  inhabitantR. 
Palmer's /tfa/ff,  a  water  of  Narra- 
sanfet  Say,  which  empt  es  with  another 
Imall  river,  ^nd  forms  Warien  river, 
•oppofite  the  town  of  Warren. 

Palme rston's  IJIand,  of  which 
one  in  particular  has  been  To  named,  is 
in  lat.  iS.  S;  and  long.  i6t.  57.  W.  and 
is  the  fecond  in  fituation  from  the  S.  E. 
of  a  group  of  9  or  jo,  all  known  by  the 
iune  general  name.  It  affords  neither 
anchorage  nor  water  j  but  if  the  wea- 
ther is  moderate,  a  fttip  that  is  pafling  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean  in  this  track,  may  be 
fuppiitd  with  gra.'s  for  cattle,  cocoa-  nuts, 
fim,  and  other  produ6lions  of  the  iUand. 
The  principal  iiland  is  not  abovea  mile  in 
circumference;  nor  is  it  eKvated  more 
than  3  fieet  above  the  (iirface  of  the  lea. 
'       Palmetto,  the  rauli  cafterly  point 


P  AM 

of  the  bay  fo  called,  on  tttc  lbuth««>cft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  8t.  Chriftophcr's, 
in  the  W«ft-Indict.  The  ihore  is  rocky, 
and  a  fort  protects  the  bay.— A,1U>,  the 
moft  northerly  point  of  the  iftaiid  of  Ja. 
maica  {  having  Manatee  Bay  en  the  weft, 
and  iQand  Bay  on  the  eatt. 

Palmiste  Point,  on  the  nt^rth  fide 
of  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  iiland  of  St, 
Domingo ;  3  leagues  Ibuth  of  Point  Por- 
tugal, the  eaft  uoinc  of  the  Imall  ifland 
La  Tortue,  and  <  eaft  of  Port  dc  Paix, 
Palmyra, a  town, and  the  only  port 
of  entry  and  delivery,  in  the  Aate  of 
TenntfTee,  cunltituted  a  port  of  entry  by 
law  ot  the  United  States,  Jnn.  ]i,  1797. 
Palominos,  fmiill  iflands   on   the 
coaft  of  Peru,  bou.h  America}  3  miles 
weft  ot  St.  Lawrence  ifland,  or  St.  Lo- 
renzo.    They  have  from  1 3  to  14  fa- 
tlioins  water  on  them. 

Falon<{ue,  the  cap^  eaft  of  Nifliof 
Po^nt,  at  me  mouth  of  Niliu)  river,  on 
the  Ibuth  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  D05 
mingo,  in  lit.  18.  13.  N.  and  long.  7^5 
1.  W.  of  Paris. 

P.^ltz,  Niw,  a  townfhip  on  the  W. 
fide  of  Uudlon's  river,  in  Ulfter  co.  New- 
York,  about  ao  miles  N.  W.  of  New. 
burgh,  and  3a  north  of  Gofhen.  It  con« 
tains  3,309  inhab.  including  30s  flaves. 
Pambamacca,  a  lofty  mountain  in 
the  province  of  Q^i^ito,  beinjj  one  of  the 
pikes  of  the  eattem  Cordilleras. 

Ttxuttco  Seuud,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
N.  Carolina,  is  a  kind  of  lake  or  inland 
fea,  from  10  to  to  loilfs  broad,  and 
nearly  too  miles  in  length.  It  is  li:pa> 
rated  from  the  Atlantic  Qcean,  in  ita 
whole  length,  by  a  beach  of  land,  hard- 
ly a  mile  wide,  generally  covered  witli 
fmall  trees  or  bufhes.  Through  this; 
bank  are  I'everal  fmal)  inlets,  by  wiiich 
boats  may  pal's ;  but  Ocrecok  Inlet  i^ 
the  only  one  that  will  admit  vefl'els  of 
burden  into  the  diftri6U  cf  Edenton  and 
Newbern.  This  inlet  is  in  lat.  35.  io.  N. 
and  opens  between  Oci%cok  Ifland  and 
Core  Bank.  This  found  communicates 
with  Core  and  Albemarle  Sounds }  and 
receives  Pamlico  or  Tar  river,  the  river 
Neus,  beiides  other  imall  ftrearos.  See 
Ocrecok,  Cape  Hatteras,  $cc. 

PaMPELUna,  a  town  of  Ne^  Gra^ 
nnda,  in  S.  America.  Ill  it^  vicinity 
aie  gold  mines.  N.  lat.  ^.  30.  W. 
long.  71.  30.  It  is  1 5*'  miles  from  San- 
ta Fe,  and  aoo  from  Maiicaibo. 
Pamunky,  tl^e  ancient  oanvr  of  York 

rivtr^ 


fi>uth-«cft 
rlftophcr't, 
e  it  rocky, 

flaixl  ol  Ja. 
•nth«wcft, 

nqrth  fide 
a»d  of  St, 

Point  Por- 
imati  ifland 
rl  dc  Paix, 
le  only  port 
he  flat*  of 
of«ntiyby 

3'»»797. 
•   on   the 
a  {  3  miles 
or  St.  Lo- 
1 3  to  14  fa. 

ft  of  Nifac^ 
to  river,  on 
of  St.  Do^ 
»d  long.  7^, 

>  on  th«  W. 
lerco.  New. 
tV.  of  New. 
en.  It  cun< 
;  30S  flavee. 
mountain  in 
1;  one  of  the 
ras. 

eaft  coaft  of 
kv  or  iohnd 
broad,  an4 

It  in  lepa- 
ccan,  in  it| 
'land,  hard* 
jvered  with 
hrough  this) 
I)  by  which 
ok  Inlet  i^ 
it  Vi-flels  of 
Sdenton  nnd 
:.  35*  l«.  N." 

Ifland  and 
tnmunicatea 
ounds}  and 
T,  the  river 
eanaa.    See 

• 

Nev'  Grar 
\t^  vicinity 
^.  3P.  W. 
i  fvom  San> 
ibo. 
kpifofYqrk 


PAN 

Hvcr,  in  Virginia }  but  this  name  ii  now 
confined  to  tne  ibuthcm  branch,  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  North  and 
South  Anna.  This  and  the  northern 
brancbf  Mattapony,  unite  and  form 
Yoiic  river,  juli  below  the  town  of  Dc 
iaWar. 

Pan  A,  an  ifland  on  theconflof  Peru, 
7  leagii^a  B.  N.  E.  of  Santa  Clara,  and 
ai  far  from  Ouayaquii.  At  Point  Are- 
na, which  ia-the  wefternmoft  point,  all 
(hip*  bound  farther  into  Guayaquil  Ray 
flop  for  pilots,  as  there  is  good  anchor 
age  over  againft  the  middle  of  the  town, 
in  5  fathoms,  and  a  fott  ooxy  ground. 
It  is  alio  called  Puna. 

Pan  AC  A,  a  burning:  mountain  on  the 
W.  coalt  of  New-Mexico,  about  3 
leagues  from  the  volcano  of  Sanfonate. 
Panadov,  or  McnadoUt  a  bay  on  the 
coad  of  Cape  Breion  in.ind,  near  the  S. 
part  of  the  Uulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Panama  is  the  capital  of  i'rrra  Fir- 
ma  Proper,  S.  America  {  fituated  on  a 
capaciauii  bay  of  its  nnme,  on  the  Ibuth 
fide  of  the  Illhmus  of  Panama  or  Da- 
rien,  oppofire  to  Porto  Bcllo,  on  tht  N. 
fldc  of  the  ifthmus.     It  is  the  great  re- 
ceptacle of  the  vaft  quantities  of  gold 
and  filver,  with  other  rich  merchai^ize 
from  all  parts  of  Peru  and  Chili.   Here 
they  are  lodged  in  ftore-houfes,  till  the 
proper  llealon  arrives  to  tranlbort  them 
to  Europe.    The  harbour  of  Panama  is 
formed  in  its  road  by  the  flielter  of  fev- 
eral  iflands,  where  (hips  lie  very  fafe,  at 
about  i\  or  3  leagues  diftant  from  the 
city.     The  tides  are  regular,  and  it  i« 
high  water  at  the  (till  and  change  at 
3  o'clock.     The  water  rifes  and  falls 
^onftdcrably  i   ib  that  the  fliore,  lying 
on  a  gentle  flope,  is  at  low  water  left 
dry  to  a  great  diftance.     Pearls  are 
fbund  here  in  fuch  plenty,  that  there  are 
few  perfons  of  property  near  Panama, 
who  do  not  employ  all,  or  at  lealt  part 
ef  their  (laves,   in  this  fifliery.     The 
Negroes  who  flfli  for  pearls  muft  be 
botn  expert  fwimmerv,  and  capable  of 
holding  their  breath  a  long  time,  the 
work  beingperformed  at  the  bottom  of 
the  fca.     This  city  is  a  bi(hop*8  feej 
whofe  bifhop  is  the  primate  of  Terra 
Finr.a.     It  was  built  by  the  Spaniards, 
who,  in  15x1,  conftituted  it  a  city,  with 
the  ufual  privileges.     In   1670  it  was 
taken,  lacked  and  burnt  by  John  Mor- 
gan, an  Englifli  adventurer.    The  new 
town  was  built  in  a  more  convenient 


PAN 


#1 


fituatlon,  about  a  Ingvc  and  a  half  from 
the  former.  In  1737,  tbii  cew  town 
was  almoft  cntirtljr  deflroycd  by  an 
accidental  Are.  It  it  furroundad  witb 
a  (tone  wall  and  other  fortifications,  and 
the  public  buildings  aie  very  handlome. 
N.  lat.  I.  57.  41.  W.long.  Is.  5.  14. 
See  Chagn  Rvvtr. 

Pa  N  AMA,  a  province  of  Terra  Finna» 
of  which  the  cit^  above  mentioned  it 
the  capital.  This  provinc  is  called  by 
moft  writters  Ttrra  Firma  Prtper.  It 
contains  3  cities,  is  villages,  and  a  great 
number  of  raticbiritJ  or  aflfcinblages  of 
Indian  huts  {  thefr  are  utuated  in  fmall 
plains  along  the  fhore,  the  reft  of  thi 
country  being  covered  with  enormous 
and  craggy  barren  and  uninhabited 
mountains.  It  has  feveral  gold  mines  | 
Init  the  pearl  fifhery  affords  a  more  cer- 
tain profit,  and  at  the  fame  time  it  ac- 
quired with  much  gi  eater  eaie. 

Panamaribo,  on  the  coaft  of  Su-, 
rinani,  in  Guiana,  in  S.  America,  is  E. 
S.  E.  of  Demarara,  in  lat.  about  6.  N. 
and  lung.  56.  %6,  W. 

Panambuco,  -t  harbour  or  bay  on 
the  coaft  of  Brazi      See  Ptrnemktu»» 

PANECiLLO,an  eminence  near  Quito, 
which  fuppliea  that  city  with  exccnent, 
water. 

Panis.  There  are  two  Indian  na- 
tions (b  named.  The  white  Panis  in- 
habit S.  E.  of  theMilTouri,  apd  can  fur- 
ni(h  1500  warriors;  and  the  Speckled 
Panis  S.  of  the  Midburi,  nop  warriors. 

Panse  OB  I.A,  a  branch  of  Wabafli 
riyerin  theN.  W,  Territory. 

PantoNi  a  townfltip  in  Addifon  co. 
Vermont,  fituated  on  the  ^.  fide  of  Lake 
Champlain,  between  Addifon  and  Fer- 
rifburg,  and  about  87  miles  N.  of  Ben- 
nington.   It  contains  aoo  inhabitants. 

Panuco,  or  Guafiicat  a  province  of 
N.  America,  in  New-Spain,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  W.  by 
the  provinces  of  Mechoacan  and  New- 
Bifcay.  The  tropic  of  Cancer  dividea 
this  province.  It  is  about  55  leagues 
each  way.  The  part  ncarsft  to  Mexico 
is  much  the  beft  and  richeft,  abounding 
wjth  proyifioQS,  and  having  fome  veina 
of  gold,  and  mines  of  fait.  Other  parts 
are  wretchedly  poor  aiyl  barren. 

Panuco,  the  capital  of  the  above  men- 
tioneii  province )  it  is  the  fea  of  a  biflt- 
qp,  and  ftands  upon  a  river  of  its  own 
name,  17  leagues  from  its  mouth,  qn 
the  W.  fliore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 

Cc4  an4 


ii' 


4»»  FAR 

awl  <ell.W.  afiftto  cltyefMexIeo. 

TIm  rinr  it  ■•viable  for  large  (hips  a 

♦  gnat  way  above  tlie  cityj  btif  the  har- 
bour hat  fo  large  a  bar  before  it,  that  no 
fliipa  of  burden  can  enter  it.  N.  lat. 
93.  50.  W.  long  99.  50. 

Fapaoayo,  a  gulf  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  Ifth- 
nrai  of  Nicaragua,  a  fmalldiftance  from 
the  weftera  parts  of  the  lake  of  Nicarft- 
.gua,  and  in  lat.  about  11. 15.  N. 

Papaloapain,  the  largeft  river  of 
Ouax%ca,  in  New-Spain,  called  aii'> 
Alvarada. '  It  rifrs  m  the  mountain! 
2oncoliucaB,  and,  being  enlarged  by 
theacceflion  of  lefler  rivers,  falls 'into 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 

Papikachois,  a  bay  on  the  north 
fliore  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  N. 
America-  5  leagues  fouth-weft  of  St. 
Mnrnb'ct's  river.  An  Indian  nation  of 
the  lame  iMine  inhabit  tlie  country  fouth 
of  Firetibbe  Lake  in  Lowrr  Canada. 

Pappa  Ford,  on  Pelefon  or  Clinch 
river,  lies  is  miles  from  Emery *s  river, 
and  10  from  Campbeirs  Station,  near 
Molfton. 

Papvda,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  and 
on  tho  S>  Pacific  Ocean,  5  leagues  north 
of  the  Aioals  of  Quintero,  and  4  from 
Port  Liga.  The  water  is  very  deep  in 
Paptkia,  but  the  anchorage  is  good,  and 
the  entrance  fafe. 

Para,  the  moft  northern  of  5  cole- 
liiss  or  governments.  Para,  Maragnon, 
Matto  Groflb,  Goyas,  and  St.  Paul,  in 
S.  America,  at  which  places  the  Indians 
have  been  united  in  117  villages,  over 
which  a  whitr  man  prefides  with  dei- 
polic  fway.  I'hc  (;oVemment  of  Para 
comprehendtf  that  r-  rtion  of  Guiana 
which  belongs  to  the  Portuguefe,  the 
moft  barren  and  unwholcfome  country 
in  all  thefe  regions. 

Para  Jjhndt  is  one  of  the  range  of 
iflaiKiiv  to  the  fouth-eaft  of  Sypomba, 
to  the  eaftward  of  the  great  river  Ama- 
con,  which  is  the  north-weft  limit  of 
th<;  Brazil  oaft  in  S.  America.  Thel'e 
K.  -vjs  form  the  great  river  or  bay  of 
Fira.  About  9  leagues  eaft  by  luvth  of 
this  iflatid  is  Cape  Cuma,  the  weftern 
boundary  of  the  great  gulf  of  Ntaranhito. 
On  the  iHand  is  r  fort  belonging  to  the 
Fortuguele.  Th<.te  is  alfo  a  fmall  ri- 
of  the  fame  name,  at  the  mouth  of 


Ter 


#hich  ' ,  ^MCL  riding  for  large  fliips,  be- 
tvaSt  tbjc  i^^aod  brcaka  oS  the  lea,  and 


FAR 

two  fafdi  jpointsfeeure  it  irani  At  atrA 
aadeanwuids. 

Para  Xf3v«rorB«v,  near  the  N.Wt 
part  of  the  coaft  of  Brazil,,  in  S.  Ame« 
rica,  has  •  town  of  its  name  at  the  moutli 
of  it,  with  a  large  fort  and  a  platform  of 
cannon  at  the  water 'S  edge,  conunanding 
the  road.  Above  this  ia  the  caftle  feat- 
on  a  high  rock,  furrounded  by  a  Arong 
ftone  wall  that  is  alio  mounted  with  ean. 
non.  The  road,  within  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  is  good,  havine  clean  eronnd, 
and  fecured  by  high  land  on  both  fides. 
The  mouth  of  the  river  is  about  6  miles 
broad  at  the  town ;  and  (hips  may  ride 
in  1 5  fathoms,  within  a  cablets  length  of 
the  (hore,  and  in  10  fot  horns  clofe  under 
the  fort.  This  harbour, is  much  frc. 
quented  for  all  kinds  of  provifions  which 
abound  here.  Tobacco  is  carried  firom 
this,  to  Pemambuco,  to  be  (hipped  iat 
Europe.  Tht  river  is  about  aoo  milea 
long. 

Paraca,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Pern. 
40  leagues  S.  E.  by  S.  of  &^  port  of 
Callao.  Ships  rcctive  (belter  her^ 
winen  driven  out  of  the  harbour  of  Can. 
gal\an  or  Sangallan,  which  is  3  kaguea 
S.  E.  of  Carette  Ifland,  and  N.  N.  W. 
of  the  iilanu  of  Lobos. 

Paradise,  a  townlhip  of  PennfyU 
vania,  in  York  co. 

Parades.    Sec  Plate  Former 

Paraguay,  a  countiyof  S.America, 
claimed  by  Spain,  about  1,500  miles  in 
length,  and  1,000  in  breadth.  It  lies 
between  is.  and  37.  S.  lat.  and  between 
50-  and  75.  W.  long,  bounded  north  by 
Amazonia,  ibuth  uy  Patagonia,  eaft  by 
Biaiil,  and  weft  by  Peru  and  Chili.  It 
is  divi<led  into  the  following  provinces, 
viz.  Paraguay,  Parana,  Guiva,  Uragua, 
Tucuman  and  Riode  la  Plata.  Befide* 
a  vaft  number  of  fmall  riversi  which  wa- 
ter this  counf^,  there  is  the  grand  river 
La  Plata,  which  detervesa  pariieular  de- 
/ciiption.  A  Modtnde  Jefuit,  by  tlie 
name  of  P.  Cattanco,  who  faileil  up  this 
river,  fpeaks  in  the  following  language 
concerning  it :  '*  While  I  neiidcd  in  Eu- 
rope, and  read  in  books  of  hidory  and 
geograpliy  that  the  rivtr  La  Plata  was 
1 1 50  milts  in  breadth,  I  :on(ukred  it  at 
an  exaggeration,  becaufe  in  thishemi- 
fphere  we  have  no  example  of  Aich  vaft 
rivers.  When  I  ap)>roachcd  its  mouth, 
I  had  the  moft  vehement  delire  to  ascer- 
tain the  breadth  with  my  own  eyes,  and 
I  have  foimd  the  QUtier  to  be  exadly  aa 

k 


P'AII«^ 


^Am—npttSMmA.    Tliit  I  iMuce  par- 
ticularly firomoBecircumitneetwlicdi 
we  took  our  dcp«M«n  from  Monte  Vk- 
do,  a  fort  fituated  more  than  loo  milct 
from  the  mctttb  of  the  river»  and  where 
ii:t  bfcadch  U  ooofiderably  dimimflwd, 
vc  (atkd  a  comi^ete  day  before  we  dif- 
covered  the  land  on  the  oppofice  bank 
of  the  river }  and  when  we  were  in  the 
middle  of  the  channel  we  coukl  not  dtf* 
cover  land  on  either  fide,  andfaw  nothing 
but  the  flcy  and  water,  at  if  we  had  been 
in  fonne  great  ocean.     Indeed  we  (hould 
have  tak«n  it  to  be  lira,  if  tlw  freih  wa- 
ter of  the  r'.ver,  which  was  turbid  Hke 
the  Po,  had  not  liuisiied  u<  that  it  <va8 
a  river."    Fiom  the  fituation  of  thU 
country,  ibmc  parts  of  itmuftbe  ex- 
tremely hot,  from  thealmoft  vertical  in- 
fluence of  the  rays  of  the  fun ;  while  other 
J  arts  muft  be  plcalant  and  delightiul. 
iut  the  heat  is  in  lome  meaiure  abated 
by  the  gentle  bteeaeft  which  generally  be- 
gin about  9  or  to  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  continue  the  greateft  part  of  the 
day.  Some  parts  of  the  country  are  very 
mountainous ;  but  in  many  others,  you 
find  eactcnfive  and  beautiful  plains,  where 
the  foil  is  very  rich,  pro(!ucing  cotton,, 
tobacco,  and  the  valuable  herb  called 
Paraguay,  togethtr  with  a  variety  of 
fruits.    There  are  alio  prodigioufly  rich 
paftures,  in  which  are  bred  fuch  li.rds 
of  cattle,  that  it  is  faid,  the  hides  are  the 
only  pait  exported,   while  tlie  flefli  is 
left  to   be  devoureti   by  the  ravenous 
beafts  of  the  wildcrnefs.  Paiaguay  fends 
annually  into  the  kingdom  of  Peru  as 
many  as  1 500  or  sooo  inules.     They 
travel  over  dreaiy  delierts  for  the  dil'- 
tance  of  800  or  900  ieagiies.    The  pro- 
A  ince  otTucuman  fuiniihes  to  Potofi,  an- 
nually, 16  or  tS^ooo  oxen,  and  4000  or 
Sooo  hories,   brought  ibi'th  and  reared 
upon  its  own  territoiy.     Buenos  Ayres 
is  the  capital  of  this  country.    Its  litu- 
ation  on  the  river  La  Plata  is  healthy 
and  plea&ut,  and  the  air  temperate.    It 
is  regularly  built :  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants is  about  30,000.     One  fide  of 
the  town  is  defended  by  a  fortrefs,  with 
9  garrii'oB  of  600  or  700  rku.     'I  he 
town  ftands  1 80  miles  bom  the  Tea.  The 
acccfs  to  the  town  up  the  river,  i$  veiy 
difficult.  From  th*  belt  information  that 
can  he  obtained,  there  aie  not  more  than 
100,000  Ibuls  in  this  country,  including 
Spaniards*  Indians,  Kcgkocs,  a»d  the 
mixed  bloodf  or  Titeolstc    The  Spa- 


FAR  409 

nkurds  CKkilnC  itmM  the  fiune  dlaraaa* 
here,  as  in  tht  other  kingdoms  jilrtHldf 
deftr%«d.  The  Spaniards  firftdiica^ch. 
ed  this  conntry  m  tlw  year  15*5,  aiti 
founded  the  toyri>of  Buenos  Ayi«s  in 
1535.  Moft  of  tHe  country  is  tt'ilt  in. 
habited  by  the  native  Americans.  Thf 
Jefuitt  have  beeK'.ndeiatigable  >n  theit 
endeavours  to  convert  the  Indians  to  th«f 
belief  of  their  religion,  and  to  introduc* 
among  them  the  arts  of  ctviliaed  lfift,'M 
and  have  met  with  furprifing  fucecfs.  It  ^ 
is  laid  that  above  340,000  families^  Se- 
veral years  a^o,  were  lubjeft  to  the  Jc« 
fuits,  living  m  obedience,  and  an  awe 
bovdering  on  adoration,  yet  proeureA 
without  any  violence  or  conftraint.  la 
1767,  the  Jefuits  were  fent  out  of  Axiie> 
rica,  by  royal  authority,  and  their  i'ub- 
}t&*  were  put  Upon  the  fame  {oodiiig 
with  the  reft  of  the  country. 

PARA6vAY,alarge  river  of  S.  Ante« 
rica,  which  falls  into  the  river  La  Plr.ta 
that  foims  the  fouthern  boundary  of 
Brazil.  At  the  diltance  of  100  league* 
from  the  fea,  where  tlvs  and  Parana  ri- 
ver fall  into  the  channel,  it  is  at  leail  so 
UagUes  over. 

Paraiba,  or  Paraybat  the  moil 
northern  province  of  Bra'sil,  in  5.  Amc. 
rica,  lying  betw^cii  Kio  Grande  to  the 
north,  and  '.ne  river  Tamarack  'to  the 
fouth^  the  'oonth  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the 
eaft,  and  Figunres  to  the  we^.  It  be- 
longs to  the  ^nrti^guefe,  and  abounds  in 
fngar-canes.  Brazil-wood,  cattle,  tobac- 
co, cotton,  &c.  ThisdiftriAwMgiveir 
by  John  III.  of  Portitgal,  totbehiHorian 
De  fiarros,  but  hene2,le£ted  thepieeplmg 
of  it.  Some  vagabonds  who  went  over  in 
1 560,  and  in  1 591,  were  ^ubducd  by  the 
French,  who  were  foon  (bliged  toeva- 
cauteit.  Philip  III.  cr.ufed  acitVtr 
be  built  upon  this  royal  domain,  which 
is  at  preient  known  by  the  name  of 
Notn  Dame  de  Nfvet. 

Paraiba,  the  metropolis  of  the  above; 
province,  or  captainihip,  fituated  on  the 
louth  bank  of  a  river  of  its  name,  thiee 
leagues  from  the  Tea }  according  to  oth- 
ers, 10  leagues  ;  the  river  being  navi. 
gable  fop  fhips  loaded  with  600  or  709  ' 
hhds.  of  iiigar,  a  cenfiderable  diftance 
above  the  city.  The  Dutch  captured  it 
in  1635  ;  but  the  Portiigviele  retook  it 
loon  after.  It  has  many  (lately  honfes 
(kcoiated  with  nierble  pillars,  .together 
with  large  warehuuies  and  magazines 
belonging   to   the   merchants.      The 

mouth 


mo9th  of  the  river  w  well  CbrtDied.    S; 
Itt.  (.  so.  W.  long.  49*  53' 

.PaRamauiro,  corruptly  called  Pa- 
rmMunibo,  the  chief  town  of  SuiSnam, 
cofttRining  ^boiit  400  houies,  on  the 
hutk  of  SitrinaiTi  river,  inaplearant  but 
m^iealtby  lituati  }n.  The  tioviles  are  of 
wood,  tolerably  convenient,  ereflcd  on 
iJMindations  o^  European  bricks.  Its 
port  U  5  leagues  fvom  the  fea,  and  has 
A;fvery  convenience.  It  is  the  rendez- 
^youR  of  all  the  Aiipa  from  the  mother 
country  which  come  hither  to  receive 
tbie  produce  of  the  colony. 

PaRayi  A))  a  province  in  the  £.  divifion 
«f  Paraguay*  Suuth- America.  Its  chlet 
tavm  is  St.  Ann. 

Pl,ie.£N,  a  lake  of  Chili,  S.  America. 

FarateR*  R  bay  on  the  fouth-weft 
($dc  of  tlie  iiland  of  Jamaica.  It  is  foutb- 
caftof  Banifter  Bay,  its  fouth-eaft  |>oint 
»&\&  iiWed  JPeratee. 

Parayba»  a  river  on  the  coaft  of 
Bfasil,  10  leagues  I^.  of  Port  Fran- 
«ties.  The  city  lies  8  leagues  from  its 
ttouth.  S.  lat.  6.  50.  W.  long.  49.  53. 
&tc  Paraiba. 

Par  DUB  A,  a  bay  on  tlie  coaft  of 
Brazil,  10  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Bran- 
4{ihi  Bay. 

Parham  TVwm  and  Harbour,  on 
tb«  Bortb  fide  of  the  idand  of  Antigua, 
'!•  the  Weft-Indies.  The  harbour  is 
dksfeiided  by  Byram  Fdit,  at  Barnacle 
Point*  on  the  welt  fide,  and  farther  up 
by  anot  her  fort  on  the  E .  fide .  Tlie  town 
is  vcgulatly  ("uilt,  and  lies  at  the  head  of 
tbe  narbour,  and  in  St.  Peier's  parifh. 

PARIA*  or  Nfw  Andalufui,  a  coun- 
-try  of  S,  America,  and  in  Terra  Firnia, 
Uwnded  on  the  north  by  the  north  (ea, 
attd  fouth  by  ouiana.  The  fea-coali 
n  moftiy  inhalnted,  On  which  there  are 
l^veral  towns« 

Paria,  r  jurifdi£tioH  in  the  abp.  of 
La  Plata,  in  S.  America,  beginning  70 
kagnes  N.  W.  of  that  city,  and  extend- 
ing about  46  leagues.  It  has  Tome  filver 
nines  {  and  the  checfe  made  here  is 
nmch  efteemed,  and  ftnt  all  over  Peru. 

PARiA,C«(^o/,a  ftrait  lying  between 
the  N.  W.  part  of  New»AndaIufia,  and 
the  fotithern  fliore  of  the  ifland  of  Trhii- 
dad.    N.  lat. 9.  ix.  W.  long.  6t.  5. 

pARiLto,  a  town  of  Peru,  generally 
called  Hauta  i  which  fee. 

Farina,  a  point  N.  W.  of  the  har- 
bour dl'  Payta,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru. 
The  coiutuy  within  iiie  ^iat  is  high 


PAR 

and  iiNMiiitainoiis.  Between  Payta  and 
it,  is  a  large  bay,  having  flioals.  The 
land  is  low,  and  fome  white  hills  all  the 
way. 

Farina  Cocas,  ajurifdi^ion  in  the 
diocelieof  Guamanga,  in  the^  aiidience 
of  Lima,  beginning  ab^ilt  so  leagues 
fouth  of  the  city  of  Guamanga,  and  ex- 
tending above  nj  leagues.  It  has  ex- 
cellent pafiurrs,  grain,  and  fiuits.  The 
mines  of  silver  and  gokl  are  more  pro^ 
du£live  ihan  formerly ;  and  thefe  torm 
the  chi'^f  branch  of  its  commerce.  , 

Palais,  a  thriving  townOiip  of  excel, 
lent  lard  in  New-York  State,  Uerkemer 
courty.  It  is  fouth-weft  of  Whiteftown 
6  miles,  from  which  it  was  taken,  and 
incorporated  in  179s.  In  1795, 4  town- 
fliips  were  taken  from  it,  viz.  Hamilton* 
SUerbume,  Brookfiekl,  and  Sangerf- 
ficld.  It  contained,  by  the  State  ceofus 
of  1796,  3,459  inhabttants,  of  whom 
564  were  eleftors.  Iron  ore  is  found  in 
the  vicinity  of  Paris.  Hamilton  acade- 
my is  fittiated  in  this  town,  in  Clinton 
pariftt,  where  alfo  a  CongregatidRal 
churrh  has  lately  been  erected,  ihid 
marks  of  rapid  progrefs  in  improve-, 
ments  and  wealth  are  vifible. 

Paris,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  S, 
Carolina }  which  fee. 

Parker's  ^»(/,  in  Lincoln  co,  Dif- 
trifl  of  Maine,  is  formed  by  the  watery 
of  Kennebeck  river  on  the  weft,  by  the 
fea  on  the  ibiith,'by  Jeremyfquam  Bay 
qn  the  eaft,  and  by  a  fmall  ftrait,  which 
divides  it  from  An-owfick  Ifland,  on  the 
north.  It  derives  its  name  irom  Job.t 
Parker,  who  purchafed  it  of  the  n?tivv.<, 
in  1650;  arc!  apart  of  it  ftill  remains 
to  his  pofterity.  It  is  in  the  townlhip 
of  GeorgeiowH ;  which  fee. 

Parker's  Rmer  takes  its  rife  in 

->wley,  inEflex  co.  Maflachufetts,  and» 
after  a  couile  of  a  few  miles,  pafl*ea 
into  the  found  which  feparates  Plumb- 
Ifland  from  the  main  land.  It  is  navi- 
gable about  two  miled  from  its  mouth, 
where  a  bridge  crofles  it  S70  feet  long 
and  16  feet  wide,  confifting  of  folid 
piers  and  S  wooden  arches,  it  is  on 
the  poft-road  from  Bofton  eaft  ward, 
and  was  built  in  17  jt.  It  is  fupported 
by  a  toll. 

Parramore,  one  of  the  fmall  iflands 
in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  which  line  the 
eaft  coaft  of  Northampton  co.  Virginia. 

Parr  TawN,  a  new  and  thriving 
town  in  NovR.  Scotia. 

PARR'a 


le  coaft  of  S, 


VaIik*!  f m«/»  is  tbe  fouth^aft  pmnt 
«f  Half  Moon  bay,  on  the  north -eaft 
(de  of  the  ifl  tnd  of  $t,  Chriftophcr'a, 
in  the'Weft-Imliei,  The  coaft  here  i* 
ipcky. 

Paksonsfiecd*  a  townlbip  of  the 
P'lftriJl  of  Maine,  in  York  co.  fiiuatcd 
ou  the  New>Hainpfl)irc  line,  between 
Gnpaf  and  Little  OflSpee  rivers;  and 
if  iiSnoUes  north  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  171(51  and  contains  655 
Vihabitantjs. 

Parti  do*  a  fmall  iOand,  under  the 
high  hill  of  St.  Martin,  in  the  fouth- 
weft  part  of  Campeachy  Gulf.  It  lies 
in  the  fairv/ay  acrofs  the  bay  from  Cape 
Catoche  to  Vera  Cruc. 

Partridge  FIELD,  a  townfltip  of 
MailUcbuletts,  Iff  BerkOiireco.  16  miles 
W.  N,  VV.  ot  Northampton,  and  laS 
^cftward  of  Bolton.  It  was  incorpo- 
ratMl  in  1775,  and  contains  1041  inna- 
bitante. 

Pascagovla,  a  river  of  the  Georgia 
>Veftem  territory,  which  purfues  a  S. 
by  E.  courfe  through  Weft- Florida, 
^nd  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
by  fevera]  mouths,  which  together  oc> 
cupy  a  fpaceofs  or  4  miles ;  which  it 
fine  continued  bed  of  oyfter-ftiells,  with 
very  Ihoal  water.  The  wefternmoft. 
branch  has  4  feet  water,  and  is  the  deep- 
eft.  After  crofting  the  bar,  tliere  is  from 
9  to  6  fathoms  water  for  a  great  dif- 
tance,  and  the  river  it  faid  to  be  naviga- 
ble more  than  1 50  miles.  The  foil  on 
this  river,  like  tUat  on  all  the  others 
that  pafs  thr.>ugh  Georgia  into  the 
pulf  of  Mexico,  grows  better  as  you 
^vance  to  its  fouice.' 

Pascagovla,  an  Indian  village  on 
the  £.  fide  of  the  river  Miftifippi,  which 
^aq  furnifli  about  10  warriors.  It  is 
about  10  miles  above  the Tonica  village, 
Pa,$PATa<)Ua,  or  Pifcataqudy  is  the 
^nly  large  river,  whofe  whole  courfe  is 
in  New-  H ampftiire.  Its  head  it  a  pond 
In  the  N.  E>  comer  of  the  town  of 
WakeBclcl,  a^d  itf  general  courfe  thence 
to  the  fea  is  S.  $.  E.  about  40  miles. 
it  divides  New-Kampfliire  from  York 
CO.  in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  9nd  is  call- 
ed Salmon-Fall  river,  from  its  head,  to 
^he  lower  fails  at  Berwick,  yvhere  it 
aflumcs  thf  name  of  Npwichawannock, 
which  it  bears  till  it  meets  with  Code- 
cho  river,  ^hich  comes  from  Dovti, 
yvhen  both  run  together  in  one  channel 
to  Hilton's  Point,  where  the  wcftem 


#A8  4i*' 

branch  meets  it  t  ftom  tbts  junSloa  «a> 
the  fea,  the  river  it  fo  rapid  that  it  never 
freeiea  j  the  diftance  is  7  nrilec,  md 
the  courfe  generally  from  S«  to  8.  £. 
The  weftem  branch  is  tbrmetl  by  S^ram-i 
fcot  river,  which  comes  from  Eaeier* 
Winnicot  river,  which  cornea,  through 
Greenland,  and  Xamprey  river,  wfaidk 
divides    Newmarket    fnmi   Durbmif 
thefe  empty  into  a  bay,  4  miles  widct 
called  the  Great  Bay.    The  water,  ia 
its  fui  tber  progrefs,  is  coatniAed  into  a 
lefTer  bay,  and  then  it  receives  Oyfter 
river,  which   runs  through  Durfaaniy 
and  Back    river,   which  comet  from 
Dover,  and  at  lei^th  meets  with  tb* 
main  ftream  at  Hilton's  Point.     The 
tide  rifes  into  all  theie  bays,  and  bnmchet 
as  far  as  the  lower  falls  in  each  river* 
aiid  forms  a  moft  rapid  current,  cfpeci- 
ally  at  the  fi^afon  of  the  frefltett,  whca 
the  ebb  continues  about  two  houra  loiKer 
than  the  flood  {  and  were  it  not  nir 
the  numerous  eddies,   formed  by  the 
indentii^  of  the   Oiore,   the    feniet 
would    then    be   impaflable.    At  the 
lower  falls  in  the  feveral  branches  ,«f 
the  river,  are  landing  places,  whence 
lumber  and  other  country  produce  is 
iranCported,  and  vtl&ls  or  boats  from 
below  difcharge  their  lading  |  fo  that 
in  each  river  there  is  a  convenient  trad« 
ing  place,  not  more  than  is  or,  15  mile» 
dirtant  froni  Portfimouth,   with  which 
there  is  cqnftant    communication    by 
every  tide.    Thus  the  river,  from  its 
form,  and  the  fituation  of  its  tenches* 
is  extremely  favourable  to  the  r><jrpofea 
of  navigation  and  commere.    A  lig^> 
houfe,  with  a  ftngle  light,  ftands  at  the 
entrance  of  Pifcataqua  harbour,  in  lat» 
43.  4.  N.  and  long.  70.41. 

pA6PAYA,ajurifdi£kion  in  thearch« 
biftioprick  of  La  Plata,  about  40  leagues 
to  the  S.  of  the  city  of  that  name.  It 
is  mountainous,  but  abounds  in  grain, 
pulfe,  and  fruits. 

Pas(^uotank,  a  county  of  North- 
Carolina,  in  Edenton  diftri6l,  N.  of  Al- 
bemarle Sound.  It  contains  5,497  in- 
habitants, including  16x3  flaves. 

pAsqyoTANK,  ^  fmall  riv«r  of  N. 
Carolina,  which  rifes  in  the  Gi  :tt  Dif- 
mal  Swamp,  and,  paffrng  by  Hertford, . 
falls  into  Albemarle  Sound. 

Passage  Forty  a  fmall  town  of  the 
Ifland  of  Jamaica,  iituated  in  the  rood 
between  Port- Roy  aland  Spanifli-Town, 
7  mites  S.  £.  of  the  latter,  and  at  the 

mouth 


4i«  1*  A  ^ 

tmovA  af  Cobve  tim,  vkcre  is  » fort 
«Miioori»gii|i«.  It hM « briflt trade, 
aad  oMMMns  abeat  4«o  houfcst  the 
gRatift  put  o£  them  tioitfet  of  enter- 
toinnMnt. 

,  Pauagb  J/lM(/Iies  acfofs  the  mouth 
af  the  river  Caheca,  near  the  N.  W.  part 
aftheidand  of  Porto  Rico.  The  harbour 
Ibc  fliipe  is  at  rbc  E.  end  of  ibe  ifland. 

Pas«acb  JJUmdty  Geeat  and  Little, 
two  of  the  Virgin  I^amte,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  new  the  E.  end  of  the  idand  of 
Porto  lltco.    N.  lat.  i8.  so.  W.  long. 

Passaoi  Fsni/,  in  the  Straits  oi  Ma. 

ENan,  lies  at  the  W.  end  of  Royal 
;ach,  and  $  Isai^ues  W.  N.  W.  of 
Forte<ieue*s  B«^.    S.  lat.  53.  45.  W. 

k»f  •  rs.  40. 

Passaik,  o^  PJgfaiti,  is  a  very 
areoked  river..  It  rifes  in  a  large  Aw.iinp 
in  Morris  CO.  New-Jerfey,  and  its  courfe 
ia  firoa»  W.  N.  W.  to  E.  S.  E.  until  it 
anlndcs  with  the  Hackinfak  at  the  head 
of  t&wark*  Bajr.  It  is  navigable  about 
>o  miles,  and  is  a^o  yards  wide  at  the 
ferry.  Thecataraa,  or  Great  Falls,  in 
this  river,  is  one  of  the  greateft  natural 
euriofities  in  the  State.  The  river  is 
«bmit  4«  yards  wide,  and  moves  in  a 
AiMr,  Kcntle  current,  until  coming  with- 
in a  mart  diftance  of  a  deep  cleft  in  a 
«o«k,  wliich  eroflfes  the  ohaimel,  it  de- 
Icenda  and  fells  above  70  feet  perpen- 
dseular,  in  one  entire  (heet,  prerenting 
a  laaQt  bcaatitut  and  tremendous  feeiie. 
The  new  manafaduring  townoFPatter- 
Som  is  erected  on  the  Great  Falls  of  this 
river )  tmd  its  banks  are  adorned  with 
many  elegant  country  feats.  It  abounds 
with  fifl)  of  various  kinds.  There  is  a 
'•"'dee  500  fret  teng,  over  this  river, 
•      the  poit'road  from  Philadelphia  to 

i  vwYork. 

Passama^oddy,  %bay  and  river, 
itear  which  is  the  diviiion  line  between 
the  Britifh  province  of  NeW'Brunfwick 
and  the  United  States  of  America.  The 
iOand  of  Campo  Bclior  in  the  N.  Atlan. 
tic  Ocean,  is  at  the  middle  or  W.  paf- 
fage  of  the  bay,  in  lat.  44..  50.  N.  and 
k>ng.  66.  46.  W.  The  diftance  from 
Crols  Ifle,  Machias,  to>  Weft  Pailamn 
<(Uoddy  Head  is  9  leagues  M.  E.  by  E ; 
and  from  the  Head  overtiie  bur  to  Al- 
kn^s  Ide  N.  M.  W.  I  leagues.  When 
^on  come  from  theS.  W.  and  are- bound 
into  Weft  Paflkmaquoddy,  voii  mitli 
five  tlie  Seal'Kocka  a  binh  of  thtve  | 


PAT 

•varters  of  a  mile  beAre  you  baal  In 
m>m  the  harbom*,  aa  there  Is  a  whirl* 
Mol  to  the  eaftwarrl  of  them.  The 
wy  is  abont  a  league  from  this  Wnt. 
It  is  high  water  here  at  fiiU  and  enange 
of  the  moon,  about  theiame  tme  as  at 
BoAon.  There  are  3  rivers  which  fill 
mto  this  bay}  the  largeft  ia  called  by 
the  moilem  Indians,  the  Scoodiek  ;  but 
by  De  Mons  and  Champlaine,  Etche- 
mins.  Its  mahi  feurce  is  nearPenobfiioc 
river,  and  the  can7ing.plaee  between 
the  two  rivers  is.  but  3  mitct.  See  Nfw 
Bninfituiek,  The  mouth  of  Paflinna. 
qiroddy  river  has  «5  fathoms  waterir 

pASSAMqyoDVY  Ptft-Offictt  on  the 
above  defcribed  bay,  is  kept  at  a  little 
vHls^  at  the  mouth  of  Cobfcook  river, 
17  miles  this  fide  Brewer's,  the  eaflern- 
moft  poft-office  in  the  United  States,  so 
N.  £.  of  Machias,  378  N.  E.  of  Bofton, 
and  72S  in  a  like  direAion  from  Phila- 
dtlphia. 

rASSAMAqvoDDiBS,  a  tribe  of  In. 
dians  who  inhabit  near  the  waters  |df 
Paflamaquoddy  Bay.  i  > 

Passao,  a  cape  on  the  coatiof  Penii 
on  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  under  the 
equator.     Long.  78.  50.  W. 

PassoMagno,  a  river  of  Florida,  in 
lat.  36.  N. 

Passu MPSiCK,  a  fmall  river  of  Ver« 
mont,  runs  a  iinitliern  courfe  and  emp« 
ties  into  Connefticut  river,  below  the 
Fifteen  Mile  Falls,  in  the  town  of  Bar^ 
net. 

Passyunr,  a  townlhip  in  Philadel* 
phia  CO.  Penntyivania. 

Pasto,  or  St.  JiumdePafiot  a  town 
of  Popayan  in  S.  America.  N,  lat.  1  • 
50.  W.  long.  76.  55. 

Pat  AGO  A,  a  river  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  which  enters  the  ocean  S.  W* 
of  Kio  Janeiro. 

Patagonia,  a  eoimtry  of  S.  Ame* 
rica,  little  known,  extending  from  35  tq 
near  5^4  S,  lat,  bting  iioo  miles  long. 
and  upwards  of  300  bfoad.  Wing  S.  of 
Chili  and  Paraguay,  The^.  eo8fti« 
generally  low,  but  has  frv  good  har- 
bours i  that  of  St.  Julian  is  pne  of  iha 
heft.  It  is  fo  called  from  Patf^ggns,  « 
pi'incipal  tribe  of  its  inhabitants.  There 
is  no  timber  in  the  Ibuth  parts,  though 
the  north  parts  contain  an  immenfe 
quantity,  arKl  numerous  flocks  of  cattle. 

Pa'T  AVsco,  a  navigable  river  of  Ma> 
ryland,  wbioH  empties  from  the  N.  W. 
into  Chefapcak  Bay  \  its  movHh  being 

formcdi 


PAT 

fbrmed  by  Korth  Point,  and  Bodkin 
Point  on  theibuth,  wbidi  l»ft  it  in  1«». 
%9, 8. 3».  N«  Iz  riles  in  Yorlc  co.  Pcnn- 
fylvaniH^  «nd  lurfuet  •  8.  and  8.  E. 
courfc  till  it  readm  Ellu-idge  LandiMb 
about  8  milet  S.  W.  of  Baitiaiorei  it 
Chnne  tunia  eaftwardly  over  iails,  and 
widont  into  a  broad  bay-like  ftream  to 
ita  mouth.  It  it  about  30  or  40  yaidt 
wide  juft  betbrc  it  communicatet  with 
the  bafon  on  v^ich  ftandt  the  larce 
commercial  tvim  of  Baltimove.  The 
firft  difooverer  called  it  Bolut  river, 
from  the  red  earth  found  near  it,  re- 
fcmbling  bole*ammoniac.  It  it  naviga- 
ble for  veflelt  drawing  18  feet  water  to 
Feirt  Point  at  Balrimoie }  bat  the  fatit 
a  little  above  EUiridgp  Landing,  pre* 
ventt  the  navigation  farther. 

Patavirca,  a  town  of  Pent,  in  the 
jurifdi6lion  of  Santa,  or  Guarmey,  con- 
fifting  of  about  60  houfet.  It  lies  on 
the  road  leading  from  Pz'^'m  u  Lima,  67 
milet  north  of  that  city.  About  three 
quarters  of  a  league  from  thit  town,  and 
near  the  fea-cow,  are  ftill  remahiing 
fome  huge  walls  of  linburnt  bricks,  be- 
?ng  the  ruins  of  a  palace  of  one  of  tlte 
Indian  princes.  Its  fituation  correfponds 
with  the  tradition)  having  on-  one  fide, 
a  moft.  fertile  and  delightful  country, 
and  on  tiic  other,  the  refrefliing  prof- 
fe&  of  the  fea. 

Patak,  a  jurirdiAion  in  thedioeefe 
•f  Truxillo,  in  S.  America.  It  is  fitu- 
ated  among  the  mountains,  and  has  a 
variety  of  produAs  ;  of  which  gold  is 
the  chief. 

Patehvga,  or  PatiocOt  a  town  of 
Mexico,  in  N.  America,  having  a  filvcr 
•nine  f~  its  vicinity.  N.  lat.  xi.  Vf. 
long.  99.  58. 

Patience,  an  iAand  in  Narraganlet 
Ba),  Rhode-Ifland,  and  lies  foutb-eait 
of  Warwick  Neck,  three-fourths  of  a 
mile.  It  is  about  a  miles  long,  and  z 
kroad. 

Patowmack,  or  Potomack,  a  large 
and  noble  river  which  riics  by  1  branch- 
as,  the  north  trn  and  thefontnern,  whigh 
originate  iu  and  near  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  and  foitns,  through  its  whole 
courfe,  part  of  the  boundary  between 
'the  States  of  Virginia  and  Maiyland. 
Its  coujrfe  it  N.  E.  to  Fort  Cumberland, 
theiDce  tttming  to  the  E.  it  receives 
Conecocheagne  Cveek  from  Pennfylva. 
aia;  then  puril:<nga  fouth-eaft  eourie,  it 
recciirtf  the  SktoMtdoah  &-om  the  S-.W. 


WAT  419 

after  tUt  H  nma  •  8.  E.  taifS.  cewlt* 
till  it  reachet  Maryland  Points 
to  itt  nMWtli  it  rant  feoihi^aierr 
itt  eourft  H  reeeivct  ftvendcont 
Hreanna,  which  aMdeferibadimdtr  tWr 
refpeaivc  bcadt.  The  diA«Be»  fnm 
the  Capet  of  Vkgiaia  to  the  tiira^iwiimi 
of  the  tide  water  in  diit  river,  it  alMl^ 
300  milet  J  awl  navigaUe  for  fl^pa^ 
tiM  greatcft  bwndcn,  nearly  that  diAuRMb 
From  thence  tfatia  river,  obAniOtd  hf 

4  conTiderable  faUe*  extanda  tbeoirgtis 
vaA'traA  of  inhabited  country  tomnfa 
itt  fource.  Early  in^the  year  lytf,  tho 
legtOaturet  of  Vtrgiaia  and  Mwr^tmi 
pMcd  aftt  to  encourage  openinv  tlia 
navigation  of  tbit  river.  It  wat  eminaiti> 
ed  tlMtthe  expenfe  of  the  workt  wouU 
amount  to  ^50,000  fterlin|^  and  f 
yeari  were  allowed  tot  ibeur  coatple*. 
tion.  Great  part  it  already  iirnilhidi 
and  the  whole  it  itcxpefted  wHIbecoiM^ 
pieted  within  two  yeart  framMarch^ 
1796,  accotding  to  the  report  of  tht 
engineers  to  the  Patowmack  CisnpaMr. 
This  noble  river  paiies  by  nway  Aourm^ 
ing^  towns )  the  chief  of  wfiioh  are^ 
Shephei'dftown^  Georeefiowii,  Waifli- 
ington  City,  Alexandria,  Ncw-MarU 
borough,  and  Charleftown,  or  Por2T«« 
bacco.  It  it  7|  milet  wide  at  its  month  ) 
4i  at  Nomot^  Bay ;  3  at  Acpiia^  if  at 
Hallooing  Point }  and  ij(  at  Alexandria* 
lis  ibundingsare  7  &thoms  at  the  mouthf 

5  at  St.  George^s  Illand  {  4i  at  Lower 
Matchodic ;  s  at  Swan's  Poia:,  and 
thence  up  to  Alexandria.  The  tides  in 
the  river  are  not  very  ftrong,  excepting 
after  great  rains,  when  the  ebb  is  pretty 
Ifrong  i  then  there  is  little  or  no  Aaoa, 
and  there  is  nevet*  more  than  4  or  c 
hour's  flood,  eitcept  with  long  and 
Arong  fbuth  wirxls.  In  order  to  forPia 
jull  conceptions  of  this  inland  naviga-. 
tion,  it  would  be  requiiite  to  notice  the 
long  rivers  which  empty  into  the  Pa^ 
towmack,  and  furvey  the  geogr^hical 
pofition  of  the  weftern  waters..  The 
diliance  of  the  waters  of  the  Ohio  to 
Patcwinnck,  will  bitfromJifhetnt»Jorip 
miles,  accoi'ding  to  the  trouble  wiiicht 
will  be  taken  to  approach  the  two  navi- 
gations. The  upi^r  part  of  this  river, 
until  it  pafics  the  Blue  Ridge,  is  called^ 
in  Fry  and  Jeficuibn's  man, Ceimttgtroatt* 

Patrick's,'  St.  a  iinall  towo,  the 
chief  oF  Camden  co.  Georgia,  fituated 
on  Great  Satilla  river,  about  jx  ntla 
from  its  mouth,  aad  the  fame  ditianco 

north 


4H 


'*h. 


«f  the  tnwh  of  Saint 


PATTiBsmi,  atMMi  lit  Bcrgm  co. 
litwwJcHcy,  called  fo  in  honoar  of  the 
fwnnwf  ofthe  State  of  that  name,  and 
now  one  of  the  jtidgca  of  the  fiipreme 
hitfai  court*  It  waa  cftabliflied  in  eon- 
AqoeiKc  of  an  aft  of  the  kgiflature  of 
Ncw-IerTej,  in  179?,  incorporating  a 
JMnuniAaring  company  with  peculiar 
■rivtlegea.  fta  iicuatton  on  the  Great 
Alia  of  Paflaie  ri!ver»  ta  liealthy  and 
•grecsble.  It  now  contains  abmit  50 
«n«eUing^hoDle8»  independent  of  thofe 
npffopriated  for  the  machinery  {  and  it 
ia  ceitrinly  one  of  the  moft  convenient 
fituationft  for  a  manufaAuring  town,  of 
an;  on  the  continent.  This  company 
«M  incocporated  to  encourage  all  kinds 
of  nnnufaftares^  and  the  fuin  of  500,000 
doUe.  waa  Ibonftiblcribed  i  but  for  want 
of  experiencey  and  a  proper  knowledge 
of.  the  bufinefs,  much  was  expended  to 
little  purpolc  |  and  they  were  At  laft 
xedaccd  to  the  neceifity  of  having  re- 
eoarie  to  a  lottery  to  aflift  them  in  car- 
rying their  plan  into  execution.  It  is  faid 
that  matters  ai-e  now  coitdu61ed  more 
judtcioudy,  and  that  the  unLertaking 
prainifes  to' be  ufeful  to  the  public,  and 
beneficial  to  the  proprietors.  It  is  19 
jmtles  N.  E.  of  Morriilown,  10  N.  of 
Newark,  and  100  N  E.  by  N.  of  Phlla. 
(Mphia.  N.  lat.  40.  is. W.  long.  74. 57. 

Patvcket,  a  fmall  village  about  4 
miles  N.  E.  of  Providence',  a  buly  place 
of  confiderable  trade,  and  where  manu- 
fiiftures  of  feveral  kinds  are  carritd  on 
with  fpirit.  Through  this  village  runs 
Patucket,.or  Pawtucket  river^  which 
esqities  into  Seekhonk  river  at  this 
place.  The  river  Patucket,  called  more 
northerly  Bbck (loners  river,  has  a  beau- 
tiful fall  of  water,  direflly  over  which 
H  bridge  has  bctn  built  on  the  line, 
whkh  divides  the  commonwealth  of 
Msflachufetts  from  the  State  of  Rhode- 
Ifland  i  diftant  aliout  40  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Bofton.  The  confluent  ftream  emp- 
ties into  Providence  river  about  a  mile 
below  Weyboflett,  or  the  Great  Bridge. 
The  fall,  in  its  whole  length,  isupwards 
of  fiity  ftet ;  and  the  water  pafles 
through  feveral  chafms  in  a  rock,  which, 
extenning  diametrically  acrofs  the  bed 
of  the  ftream,  ferves  as  a  dam  to  the 
water.  Several  millt  have  been  ere^leil 
upon  thele  falls  {  and  the  fpouta  and 
cbanacU  which  have  been  conftrb£icd 


PAtr 

to  eenddft  the  ftiMftis  eif  tiftii' K({ie<>« 
ti«e  wheels,  and  the  bridge,  have  taken 
very  much  from  the  b^uty  ind  grart. 
deur  of  the  fcene  t  which  would  other- 
wife  have,  beeiv  ifldercribably  charming 
and  romaatid.  \ 

Patixxint,  or  Patuxft,  a  navigabre 
river  of  Maryland,  which  rifes  near  the 
fouree  of  PatapTco  riveri  and  empties 
into  the  W.  (ide  of  Chefapeak  Bay, 
between  Drum  and  Hog  Ifl:tnd  Points, 
15  or  10  miles  N.  of  the  nunnh  of  the 
INitowmsc.  It  admits  veflSila  of  t^^ 
tons  to  Nottingham,  nearly  40  mile* 
from  its  mouthy  aiid  of  boat^  to  QneeA 
Anne,  is  miles  higher.  Patuxent  is  as 
remarkable  a  river  as  any  in  the  bay, 
having  very  high  land  on  its  north  Me, 
with  red  banks  or  cliffs.  When  yon 
double  Dnim  Point,  you  come  too  in  ti 
and  3  fathoms  water*  where  you  wifl 
be  fecure  from  all  winds. 

PAVCAR-CoLLA,ajurifdi6lion  in  the 
biflioprick  of  La  Paz,  in  South- America, 
bordering  on  Chucuito.  It  is  fituated 
in  the  mountains,  and  abounds  in  eattfe. 
The  air  is  here  very  cold.  The  filVer 
mine  here,  called  Laycacota,  was  for- 
merly fo  rich,  that  the  metal  was  often 
cut  out  with  a  chiflcl }  but  the  waters 
having  overflowed  the  works,  it  ie 
abandoned. 

PAVCARTAMlO,a  jurifdiftion  ofth« 
diocefe  of  Cofco,  in  S.  America.  It  ia 
very  fruitful,  and  lies  80  leagues  eaft- 
ward  of  the  city  of  Cufco. 

Pavkatvck,  a  fmall  river  which 
empties  into  Stonington  harbour,  axA 
forms  a  pare  of  the  divifion  line  between 
Connefticut  and'Rhode-Ifland. 

Pa  VL's  B  A  Y,  St.  on  the  N.  W.  fliorc 
of  the  riv  :r  St.  Lawrence,  in  K.  Anieri- 
carts  about  6  leagues  below  Cape  Tor- 
ment, where  a  chain  of  mountains  of 
400  leagues  in  length  terminate  from 
the  weftward. 

Paul's  Bay,  St.  on  theN.  W.  coaft 
of  Newfoundland  Ifland.  N.  lat.  49.  50. 
W.  long   57.  55. 

Paul's  Island,  St.  an  jfland  in  th« 
ftrait  between  Newfoundland  and  Cape 
Breton  Iflands.  It  is  about  15  miles 
north-ealt  of  North  Cape,  in  Cape  Bre- 
ton. N.  lat.  47.  13.  W.  long.  (o.  a. 

Pavl,  St.  a  town  of  Brazil,  S.  Ame- 
rica, in  the  captainfliip  of  St.  Vincent. 
It  is  a  kind  of  an  independent  republicf 
compol«l  of  the  banditti  of  feveral  nK> 
tiona.    However,  they  pay  a  tribute  of 

goU 


IP  AX 

ytid  M  tbelc'iog  of  Portugal.  It  U  fur« 
rounded  by  inacceflible  mo  int»in«  and 
thick  foKitt.    S.  lat.  tj,  S5.  N,  long. 

45*  5*' 

Paul,5/«  a  town  of  N.  America»in 

New  Mexico,  Htuikted  at  the  conAuence 
at'  the  two  main  head  branches  of  the 
Rio  Bravo. 

Paul,  £/.  the  moft  foutherly  of  the 
Pearl  Iflands,  in  the  gulf  of  Panama, 
S.  America.  In  the  north  fide  it  a  lafe 
channel  {  where,  if  n^eceflkry,  there  it  a 
place  for  careening  (hips.  ■ 

Paul's,  St.  a  parim  in  Ciiarleflown 
dillri£l,  S.  Carolina,  containing  3,453 
inhabitants  ;  of  whom  »76  a.-e  whites, 
and  3,2oa  (laves.* 

PAULiNosTOWM,orP<!i<iv/i«jf,  a  town- 
(bip  in  Dnchefs  co.  New-Yoikt  lying 
on  the  wellern  boundary  of  Conne£li. 
cut,  and  has  South  and  Eaft  Town  on 
't)ie  fouth.  In  1790,  it  contained  4,330 
If]habitants,  of  whom  4*  were  (laves. 
In  179A,  there  were  560  of  the  inhabi- 
ants  qualilied  electors. 

Paulinas  KM.  See  Static  co.  New- 

Paulsburgh,  a  townfliip  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  New-Hamp(hiFe,  on  the  head 
waters  of  Amonoofuck  river,  and  thro' 
which  paflfes  Androfcoggin  fiver. 

Paulus  Hook,  in  Bergen  co.  New- 
Jerley,  is  on  the  weft  bank  of  Hudfon 
r<iver,  oppofite  New-York  city,  where 
the  rivei'  it  2,000  yards  wide.  Here  is 
the  ferry,  which  is  perhaps  more  ufed 
than  any  other  in  the  United  States. 
This  was  a  fortified  poft  in  the  late 
war.  In  1780  the  froftwas  To  intenfe 
that  the  paflage  acrofs  the  river  here 
was  praflicable  for  the  heavielt  cannon. 

Pawlst,  %  town(hip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  having  1,45^  inhabitants.  It 
(lands  on  the  New-York  line,  hasWelit 
on  the  north,  and  Rupert  in  Bennington 
CO.  on  the  fouth,  and  is  watered  by  Paw- 
let  river,  which  joins  Wood  creek  and 
the  confluent  ftream,  falls  in  South  Bay 
at  Fiddler's  Elbow.  Hayftack  moim- 
tgin  is  in  this  townfliip. 

Pawtucket  Fallst  in  Merrimack 
river,  aie  in  the  town(hip  of  Dracut. 

pAWTUXETf  a  village  in  the  town- 
IKip  of  Cranfton,  Providence  co.  Rhode- 
ifland. 

pAXAfios,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
California,  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean.  N* 
l»t.  30.  li.  W.  long.  1*0.  45. 

Faxton,   f/ffer  and  Lowtrt  two 


P^AZ  4f| 

rowmflilpf  in  Dauphin  co*  Peiufprlvmia. 

Paxton,  a  townHilp  of  MaflTadhnM 
fetts,  fitnatesl  in  WorccAer  co.  I  milt* 
wet  of  Worcefter,  and  55  lbuth-w«il- 
ei  iy  of  BoAon.  It  was  incorporated  m 
1763,  and  contain*  558  inhabitant*,  k  ■, 

Payjan,  afmall  town  inthejurtf* 
diAion  of  TruxiUo»  in  Peru,  8  lc;.gu(» 
S.  of  St.  Pedro. 

Payraba^  a  town  and  eaptaindii|» 
in  the  northern  divifion  of  Brazil, 

Payta,  or  Paita,  a  fmall  fea-port  of. 
Quito  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  with  aneiu 
cellent  harbour,  n  league*  north  of  thu 
iOand  called  Lobos>dc  Payta.  Ship* 
from  Acapuico,  Sonfonnate*  Reale^ 
and  Panama,  to  Caliao,  can  only  touch 
and  refreth  here ;  and  the  length  oi 
their  voyages,  by  reafpn  of  the  wiod* 
being  moft  of.  the  year  againft  thein^ 
occaiions  tlie  port  to  be  very  much  fre- 
quented. Yet  fo  par«hed  is  the  (itua* 
tion  of  Payta,  that  it  affords  little  be-, 
fides  M\,  a  few  goats,  and  fre^  water; 
their  chief  provihons  being  fiirnilhed  by 
Colan  and  Piura,  the  one  3,  and  the 
other  14  leagues  difiant.  The  bay  it 
defended  by  a  foit,  and  it  is  fo  fituated 
that  even  mulkels  alone  can  hinder  boat* 
from  landing,  being  under  a  pretty  high 
hill,  on  the  fummit  of  which  is  another 
forf,  that  coitiniands  the  town  and  lower 
fjrt.  It  had  only  a  fort  with  8  guns»^ 
whenCommodore  Anion  took  it  in  1741. 
He  biurnt  the  town.  In  which  was  mer- 
chandize to  the  value  of  a  million  and 
a  half  of  dollars,  becaufe  the  governor 
refufed  to  ranfbm  it.  The  plunder,  ia 
dollars  and  plate,  amounted  to  ^30,000 
fterling.  It  was  pluiidered  and  burnt 
by  Capt.  Cavendiih,  in  1 587,  and  by 
George  Spilberg  in  1615.  There  is  an- 
chorage in  io|  fathomsj  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  froit)  the  town.  S,  lat,  5. 15, 
W.  long.  80.  5  9. 

.  Paz,  La,  a  fmajl  jurifdi£lIon  of  the  - 
audience  of  Charcas,  in  Peru,  S,  Ante- 
rica.  It  is  fituated  in  the  mountains,  one 
of  whi^h,  called  Illinv|ni,  contains,  ia 
all  human  probability,  immenfe  riclies., 
^or  a  crag  of  it  being  broken  off  fonit' 
years  fince  by  a  6aAi  of  lightning,  (uch 
a  quantity  of  gold  was  found  among  tiie 
fragments,  that  it  was  (bid  for  Ibme 
time  at  La  Paz  fpr  eight  pieces  of  eight 
per  ounce.  But  the  fummit  of  this  moun- 
tain being  perpetually  covered  with  ice 
and  (how,  no  attempt  has  been  made  to 
opoiv  a  mine* 

Paz, 


4ii 


?SA 


P*e,  /««,  k  cHy  of  Peru,  and  Mfikil 
•f  tkt  ilMve  i«riMi£Hoiit  it  iittwied  caft- 
«i«ni  of  th*  like  TKiic««  gn  the  fide  of 
a  mrilfy*  amoag  th«  breachw  of  the 
MooMainei  throagh  whick  •  pretty 
hrgt  riv«r  flows.  In  fnflKts»  the  cur- 
NRt  of  the  river  forces  «lon^  huge  maf- 
Ibt  of  rocktt  with  fome  grains  of  goM. 
In  the  year  1 7  30,  an  Tndtan,  while  wafli- 
iw  hi«  feet  in  the  river,  found  a  lump 
«tgold  of  Aich  a  frae,  that  the  Marquis 
dc  Caflel  Fuerte  gave  is,ooo  pieces  of 
eight  for  it,  and  fent  it  to  8i«it)  aa  a 
pracnt  worthy  the  curiofity  of  his  fuve- 
reisn.  This  city  contains,  befides  the 
ratbcdrali  many  public  edifices,  and 
»bottc  »o,ooo  inhabitants.  It  is  iSo 
Biles  north  of  La  Plata,  and  3  50  fouth- 
aaftof  CuTco.  S.  lut.  15.  590  W.  long. 
(4»  30. 

Pakaro,  h  cape  of  N.  America,  on 
the  W.  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  Califor- 
nia, towards  the  fouth  eiid  of  it,  in  about 
bt.  14.  M.  and  lone.  113.  W. 

pAKqvARO,  a  Take  in  Mexico,  or 
New^Spaia. 

Peace,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  oi 
Noira.8cotia,  a  Mttle  to  the  fouthward 
af  Mirachi  Point. 

Pbacham,  a  townflnp  in  Caledonia 
«e.  Vermont,  lies  W.  of  Bamet  on  Con- 
jieAicut  ri«w.  It  contains  365  inhabi- 
tants 

Peacock,  a  towflfhip  in  Buck's  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Pears  OP  Otte»  are  thought  to  be 
tlie  higheft  part  of  the-Bkie  Ridge,  or 
perhaps  any  other  in. North- America, 
meafiiring  n'om  their  bafe.  The  height 
is  4,000  feet ;  which,  however,  is  not 
one-fifth  of  the  height  of  the  mountat.is 
of  South- America. 

Pearl,  a  fmall  ifle  or  (hoal  in  che 
Weft-Indies,  in  lat.  14.  53.  N.  and 
lonsj.  79.  13.  V/. 

Pearl,  an  ifland  in  theGulf  of  Mex- 
ico, towards  the  mouth  oF  the  Miflifippi, 
a  few  leagues  from  Daunh'in  lAanct ; 
ab^it  6  or  7  miles  in  length,  and  4  in 
breadth. 

Pearl  IJlands,  in  the  Bay  of  Panama, 
called  alio  King  Ifiand»,  fituated  in  the 
S.  Pacific  Oceen.  Thiy  are  la  Itaguts 
from  tl»  city  of  Panima.  They  nre 
lo".-,  and  produce  v/ouJ,  water,  friMt, 
fowls  and  horsj  they  alfo  afford  good 
harbours  for  (hips  The  noithernmoft 
b  named  Pachea  ;  the  fouthemmoft  Si. 
Paul's.  N.lat.  7.  xo.  W.  long.  81.45. 


PSD 

PtAM,  a  riwr  which  rlftt  In  tht 
ChaAaw  country,  in  tht  W.  put  of 
Oaoraki,  haa  a  fouthcrly  coitorie  to  tht 
Oulfof  Mexico,  and  is  navigable  up. 
wards  of  150  miles*  Its  principal 
mouths  are  near  the  entrance,  at  the  E. 
end  of  the  Regoleta,  thr9«f  h  which  i» 
the  paffage  to  Lake  Ponchartralii.  le 
has  7  feet  at  its  entrance,  and  deep 
water  afterwards.  In  1769,  there  were 
fome  fettlements  on  this  river,  whera 
they  raifed  tobacco,  indigo,  cotton,  rice, 
Indian  corn,  ami  all  forts  of  vegetables. 
The  land  produces  a  variety  of  tinnber, 
fit  for  pipe  and  hogfhead  ftaves,  maRs, 
vards,  and  all  kinds  of  j^ank  for  ftip. 
building.  ^ 

1  earn's  Fomty  on  the  W.  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Antigua,  and  the  W.  fide 
of  Muflceto  Cove.  Off  it  ai^e  the  Five 
Iflands. 

Peckwalket,  an  &nc!er>t  Indian 
village,  now  called  Fryeburg,  60  miles 
fixMn  the  fea. 

Pedez,  a  river  which  rifea  in  N.  Ca- 
rolina,  vrhe.c  u  is  clled  Yadkin  river. 
In  S.  Carolina  it  takes  the  name  of 
Pedee ;  and  receiving  the  waters  of 
Lvnche's  Creek,  Little  Pedee,  and 
Black  river,  it  joins  the  Wakkamaw 
river,  near  Georgetown.  Thele  united 
ftreams,  with  the  itcceiTion  of  a  finall 
creek  on  which  Georgetown  ftands,  from 
Winyaw  Bay,  which,  about  1  a  miles 
below,  communicates  with  the  ocean. 

Pedra  Sbtedsi  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
extend  from  lat.  17.  20.  to- 30.  N.  and 
from  long.  7.9.  9.  to  79.  17.  W. 

PEDRAsFoinf,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
is  7  leagues  K.  S.  E.  from  the  ftmit  of 
St.  Joim's  Ifland,  and  75  from  Cape 
North.  Alfo  a  point  on  the  fame  coaft 
10  leagues  W.  N.  W.  of  Brandlhi 
Bay. 

Pedras,  a  ri'/er  on  tl>e  N.W.  fide  of 
Punta  des  Pedras,  at  the  foutlkin  ex> 
trcrnity  of  An3!»on  river. 

pEnao,  i/.  a  town  in  thcju-'fdiftloii 
of  Lambeyque,  in  Peru,  conftfting  of 
130  houfes,  mottly  inhabited  by  Indian 
families.  It  is  wafhul  by  the  river 
Pacafmayo,  which  rcndera  the  country 
round  v.ry  fertile.  It  is  feated  near 
the  S.  Sea,  zo  leagues  fioni  X^mbeyr'ue, 
S.  lat.  7.  25.  49.  W.  long.  7S.  zo.  15* 

Pft  RO,  St.  one  f  ♦he  Marquefaa 
Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Otean,  called 
by  the  natives  Oxateyo  j  it  is  about  3 
leaguos  tR  circuit,  ane  Vvta  8.4^  hagucs 

t'rbin 


iV 


P  fi  L 

Itom  theft,  tnd  of  tft  Domlitttt.    S. 

lat.  9«  s^>  ^«  Ion?'  'S'*  30* 

Piltiie,  St.  « towh  of  New-Me»ico, 
H.  AffK^iea,  fituatedon  theS  fide  of 
Goral  rit'cr,  near  the  confl*:<;nce  of  tnai 
rivtr  MOi  the  Goiorado.  X^x  united 
ftrMm  runt  a  (hort  way  fouthward,  and 
Ml*  i«it«  tKe  north  |»&rt  of  the  Gulf  of 
California. 
,.  Tttme  Ptint,  QrtM,  is  on  the  (buth 
'^  coail  of  the  iHand  of  Jamaica.  From 
Foitlant  point  to  thit  point,  the  courfe 
it  W.  by  N.  about  1 1  leagues.  About 
8.  f  ft.  diftance  14.  leagues  from  Point 
Pedri,  lies  the  eafteramoft  Pedro  it^jf. 
•  Pedro,  LiuU  Ppiktt  on  the  S^  tokti 
of  the  fame  ifland,  Iks  E.  of  Great  Pe- 
dro Point,  within  a  flioal  pnrtly  dry  ; ' 
but  has  5  fathoms  within  itid  to  on  the 
outer  edge  of  it. 

pEttRO  Point,  St.  on  the  coaft  df  Chi- 
li, is  9  leagues  N.  N.  E.  of  Point  Qudar, 
and  14  S.  S.  W.  of  Cape  Galera.  Port 
Sti  Pei^o  is  c<mtiguoUs  to  this  point. 

Pedro,  Port  St.  is  fituated  S.  W.  of 
the  Ifland  of  St.  Catherine!  and  on  the 
8.  E.  coaft  of  Brazil,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  river  Lfll^lata. 

PcoitO  Khvert  St.  rtirts  weft«rard  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its  mouth  is  in 
ilRJut  \A<t.i\.  N.  and  Tdhg.  98.  W. 

pBBrs.KiLLt  alHtaU  poft-town  in 
Weft-Chelter  eb.  New-Vork,  on  the  E. 
fide  of  jri\iJru.."8  rivfef,  and  H.  fide  of 
thf  ereek  tff  itji  name,  5  miles  from  its 
tnouth.  tc  is  20  miles  fouth  of  Fifli- 
Kill,  and  50  northerly  of  New-Vork. 
In  the  ^Vinttrof  1780,  Gen.Walhington 
tocartiped  on  tlie  ftrdiig  grounds  in  this 
vicinity. 

p£oVNNocK,a  noTth-Weftem  branch 
of  Paflfaik  river,  in  New-Jcrfeyj  whi<}h 
rifts  in  ^uficjr  co.  The  town  of  its 
tiatne  lies  between  it  and  Rotfkaway, 
Another  hrauch  fouth  of  this  river,  N. 
\*.  of  Morriftown. 

PfijEPSCOT,,or  P^Ipptatg  Palis,  in 
AndittfcoggiA  river.  See  Keniiebeck 
River,  &c. 

Pelesoi),  a  name  fometiities  applied 
to  CUnch  Ri*t;er  j  which  fee. 

PEiiKAM,  a  townfliip  of  Maffachu- 
fetts,  in  Hamplhiredoi  txrtiileS  itbhh- 
eifteilv  of  NorthaiuptoH,  dnd  85  Weft 
bf  Bo4on-.  It  was  Incorporated  in  1741, 
and  contains  1040  Inhabitants. 

PEL;!ANi,a  towhihip  ofRockinghnm 
CO.  NeV;^-Hamp(hire,  fituated  on  rhe 
fouth  State  line,  which  feparr.tes  it  fvoii: 


DfMM  tti  UnUOclMfettk.  It  Ri* MriNl 

E.  fide  of  Bet¥rt  fiver,  )0  iMM  Mk* 
wefterly  Of  ftxetef,  md  )6  N.  tH  mt^ 
ton.  It  wtf  hKorporated  in  1  ^i  «M 
contains  7$i  inhabitants. 

PblhaM,  a  tovimfhip  of  New<<Yt#fc| 
fituated  in  WeftChcfter  co.  botiMlea 
foutherly  aMd  eaflerly  bv  the  8mihd» 
northerly  by  the  north  bounds  of  th* 
manor  of  Pelham,  including  If etv-Gi^, 
Hart,  and  Applefby's  Kbmds.  It  cak^ 
tains  199  inhabitants}  of  whom' s^  tir6 
eleftors,  and  38  flaves.  ' 

Pelican,  Great,  an  ifland  a  tnill 
lon|r  and  very  narrow,  eaft  of  the  Bay 
of  Mobile  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Iti 
concave  fide  is  towards  the  eaft  end  Of 
Dauphin  Ifland.  Hawk's  Bay  lies  be- 
tween thefe  two  iflands.  LitHe  PtHtirit 
Ifland  is  a  fniudl  fahd  key,  fouth-eaft  of 
Great  Pelican.  Its  eaftem  curve  hi^et^i 
large  flioal  extending  from  Mobile  Point; 

i>ELTCAi«  Ijllands,  on  the  fouth  coA^ 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  are  fituite<}  tn- 
the  point  fo  called,  wenward  of  f  drt- 
Rdyal  harbour. 

PiBLiCAN,  i  ^all  iftand  atthi;  fi^tb* 
weft  point  of  the  ifland  of  Antrgua, 

Pe  Lie  All  R9eks  lie  in  Runaway  Bay» 
on  the  weft  fide  kA  the  ifland  of  Antt-* 
gua,  towards  the  north-weft.  They  H^ 
under  water,  dnd  are  very  dangerous^ 

Pelican.  Sboab,  fmall  patches  of 
faiid^bSinki  abont  half  a  milV  frbM  i\\k 
flior^  of  the  fotith'weft  ctidft  dt  thi 
Ifland  of  Barbadbes. 

PzuktiiJiti  a  bay  on  the  ftd-eokfl!of 
LIficolh  CO.  Diftria  of  Maine.  It  Ke^ 
eaft  of  Sheebfcot  liver,  and  contains  I 
number  of  Hlands,  manyof  which  iti 
imder  culttvjition. 

Pemaqjjid  Po»«/,  on  the^Wtfft  fid* 
of  the  above  bay,  lies  2  thilis  elft  of 
Booth  Bay,  and  about  4  leagires  horth  • 
weft  of  N^enhcgan  iflahd.  N.  lat.  44. 
5.  W.  long.  69. 

Pemaoon,  a  ftttUment  of  the  tHr. 
trift  of  Maine,  y  miles  from  Denheyk 
river,  and  *4froitl  MdOle  lllartd. 

Pembroke,  a  townflilp  ofMsflHcbti* 
fctts,  in  Plymolith  CO.  3 1  miles  fctttb 
by  eaft  of  Bofton.  It  Was  ineorpohittd 
fn  1712,  and  contains  1954  inhanitant^'. 
It  lies  li  miles  from  themouthof  Kfortik 
river  ;  and  vcd'eU  of  300  tohs  haVe  b^!^ 
built  here.    See  North  Riifet. 

Pembroke,  the  Sa*tco6li  bf  ihH  tb^k 

dians,  atow^nfhipof  KeW-Hathpfliiiif, 

in  Rockingham  co.  on  the  eaft'  fid«  of 

D  A  Merrimack 


4iS  PEN 

llcrrioMek  rinr»  oppofitt  to  Concord. 
|t  lict  upon  two  frnftlf  rlvera,  Bowcook 
9nd  Sqncpokf  which  run  a  fouth  by-weft 
ceurfc  into  Merrimack  river.  In  i7sS, 
!t  was  fettled  and  called  LovtnveS^j 
ffum.  It  was  incorpoi-atcd  in  1759* 
pod  contains  956  inhabitantf. 

Pkmiobwass£T,  a  river  of  New. 
HampQiire»  which  fpringi  firom  the  eaft- 
cm  part  of  the  ridee  called  the  Height 
of  Land.  Moofe>hiTlock  Mountain  gives 
it  one  branch ;  another  comes  from  the 
S.  W.  extremity  of  the  White  Muun- 
tains>  and  a  third  comcis  from  the 
townfliip  of  Franconia.  Its  length  is 
about  50  miles  {  its  courfe  generally  S. 
«nd  it  reorives  fiom  both  udes  a  num- 
ber of  flreams*  Winnipifeogee  river, 
jcbmes  from  the  lake  of  that  name*  an«l 
unites  its  waters  with  the  PemigewaHet 
at  the  lower  end  of  Sanbomtown.  From 
this  junAion,  the  confluent  ftream  bears 
the  name  of  Merrimack^  to  the  Tea.  See 
•Miernmack, 

Pjkndleton,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  north-weft  by  Randolph,  and 
fouth  by  Rockingham  counties  i  water- 
ed h^  the  fouth  branch  of  the  Patow- 
ntacK.  It  contains  a,45«  inhabitants, 
including  7  3  (laves.  Chief  town « Frank- 
ford. 

Pendleton,  acountyof  Walhington 
<iiftriA»  S.  Carolina,  on  Keorwee  and  Sa- 
yapnah  rivers.  It  contained,  in  1795, 
0,568  inhabitants,  of  whom  834  are 
flaves ;  and  fends  3  reprefentatives  and 
X  ftnator  to  the  State  legiflature.  The 
court'houfe  in  this  county  is  33  miles 
N.  N.  E.  of  Franklin  court-houfe  in 
Georgia,  and  5  s  weftwaro  f  Cam- 
bridge. A  poft- office  is  kept  at  this 
court-houfe. 

PENOUIN,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  about  10  miles  N.  £.  of  the 
coaft  of  Newfoundland.  It  has  this 
came  from  tiic:  multitude  of  birds  of 
that  name  which  frequent  it.  N.  lat. 
50.  5-  W.  long.  50.  30.  There  is  alfo 
an  ifland  of  the  fame  name,  on  the  coaft 
of  Patagonia,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean, 
3  leagues  fouth-eali  of  Port  Defire.  It 
is  an  uninhabited  rock,  high  at  the  ends 
and  low  in  the  middle,  and  is  the  iarg- 
fft  and  outermoft  of  a  number  of  imall 
iflesor  rocks,  and  is  about  amufltet-fliot 
firom  the  main  land.  It  abounds  in  an 
yxtraordinaiy  manner,  with  penguins 
and  fealci    It  ii  three-fouiths  of  a  mile 


P.E  N- 

In  lengthi  and  half  a  mile  in  breadth 
from  E.  to  W. 
Pbnn's  Rocht  twocluftcrsof  iflands 
the  hroadeit  and  fouth-wcft  part  of 


m 


N.   America)   diftin- 
names  of  £.  and  W. 


Hudibn's  Bay, 
guifhcd  by  the 
Penn's. 

Pennington, or  FtMtffttnvu,  a  plea- 
fantaml  flouriflilng  village  in  Hunterdon 
CO.  N«w-Jerfey,  9  miles  W.  of  Prince- 
ton, and  56  N.  E.  bv  N,  of  Philadelphia.  H 
It  contains  a  church  for  public  worftip, 
and  about  40  houfes. 

Penn  Fort,  ftands  at  the  mouth  of  a 
fmall  creek,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Dela- 
ware river,  in  Northampton  co.  about 
SI  miles  noith  of  the  town  of  Eafton, 
and  near  70  north  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  40.  59.  W.  long.  75.  13.  The  road 
from  Philadelphia  to  Tioga  Point,  paflcs 
through  the  opening  in  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains, called  Wind,  Gap,  about  9  miles 
fouth-weft  of  this  fort. 

Penn,  Port,  in New-Caftle  co.  DeK 
aware,  is  fituated  on  the  W.  bank  of 
Delaware  river,  oppoflte  to  Reedy  1^- 
and. 

Penn's  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvania, 
on  Sudquehannah  river.  See  Nortbum- 
berland. 

PENNSBOROUOH,^4/7andF^,  two 
townfliips  in  Cumberland  co.  PennlVl- 
vania.  There  is  alfo  a  townfliip  of  thia 
name  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Pennsbury,  a  fmall  town  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  in  Buck's  co.  on  a.  fmall  creek 
of  Delaware  river.  It  was  a  manor 
which  the  celebrated  Mr.  Penn  ceferved 
foi*  himielf.  Here  he  built  a  houfe,  and 
planted  gardens  and  orchards ;  which, 
with  many  additional  buildings  and  im- 
provements, ftill  continue, 

Penn*s  Neck,  in  Salem  co.  New-Jer- 
fey,  lien  on  Old  Man's  Creek,  which  is 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Salem  atul 
Gloticefter  counties.  It  is  iz  miles  N. 
E.  by  N.  of  Salem,  3f  miles  from  the 
Delaware,  and  5  below  SwedeflMrougb. 

Penn's  Neck,  the  nameof  a  range  of 
farms  of  excellent  foil,  fituaved  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  fouth- eaft  of  Princeton 
in  New- Jerfey, on  a  point  of  land  form- 
ed by  Millftone  river  and  Stony  brook. 
It  derived  its  name  from  the  celebrated 
legiflator,  William  Penn,  who  f(mnerly 
owned  this  tra{l. 

PENNSYLVANIA,  one  of  the  U- 
nited  States  of  America,  is  fituated  be* 

twec!^ 


>f  ilhnds 
part  of 
diAin. 

and  W. 


P  B  N 

twten  i9. 43*  ^^  4*>  N.  Ut.  and  b«* 
MFcrn  74.  4)1.  and  So.  t.  W.  Ipngitudc) 
hdng  in  length  about  itt  niilei»  and  in 
breadth  1 56.  It  it-boynded  eaft  by  Del* 
aware  river,  which  feparatcs  it  from 
Nevr  Jerfey }  north  by  New. York  and 
Lake  £rie»  where  there  is  a  good  port : 
Wft  by  the  N.  Wcftern  Territory,  and 
9  part  of  Virginia )  fouth  by  a  part  of 
.Virginia,  Maryland,  and  Delaware.  The 
State  (except  the  purchafe  mentioned 
below)  lie*  in  the  form  of  a  paralle- 
logram.   The  north-weft  comer  of  thi» 
State,  containing  about  101,000  acres, 
was  lately  purchafed  of  Congrefs  by 
this  State.  Pennfylvahia  contains  44,900 
iquara  miles,  and  is  divided  into  %z 
counties,    viz.   Philadelphia,    Chefter, 
Delaware,  Bucks.  Montgomery,  Berks, 
Lancafter,  Dauphin,  Northampton,  Lu- 
zerne, York,   Cumberland,  Northura* 
berland,  Franklin,  Bedford,  Hunting- 
don, Mifflin,  Weftmoreland,  Somerfet, 
Fayette,  Wafliington,  Alleghany,  and 
Lycoming.    Thefe  are  fubdivided  into 
townfliips,  not  by  any  fpecial  law  of  the 
Jegiflature,  but  on  application  of  a  fuffi- 
cient  number  of  the  citizens,  in  any 
neighbourhood,  to  the  judges  of  the 
court  of  common  pleas    and  general 
quarter  frflions  of  the  county.    In  each 
townfliip  the  citizens  have  the  privelege 
of  aflfemblin^once  a  year,  to  choofe  two 
overfeers  ot  the  poor,  two  afTeflors,  a 
co]le£lor  pf  taxes,   two  fupervifors  of 
the  roads,  and  a  conftable.    The  num- 
ber of  inliabitants,  according  to  thecen- 
fus  of  1790,  is  4H>373>  including  3,737 
Haves  :  But  the  immigration  of  foreign- 
ers has  been  fo  cotifiderable,  fince  tnat 
period,  that  the  number  muft  be  far 
greater  than  could  be  expelled  from 
the   natural    increafe    of    popub^ion. 
There  are  6  confiderable  rivers,  which, 
with  their  numerous  branches,  peninfu- 
late  the  whole  State,  viz.  The  Dela- 
ware, Schvylkill,  Sf]fquehannah,Yough- 
iogatiy,  Monongahela,  and  Alleghany. 
The  bay  and  river  Delaware  are  navi- 
gable up  to  the  Great  or  Lower  Falls  at 
Trenton,  155  miles  from  the  Tea,  and 
a  Hiip  of  the  line  can  afcend  to  Philadel- 
phia, the  metropolis,  txo  miles  from 
tiie  Tea,  by  the  mip-channel  uf  the  Del- 
aware.     A  confiderable  part  of  the 
State  may  be  called  mountainous ;  par- 
ticularly the  counties  of  Bedford,  Hunt- 
ingdon, Cumberland,  part  of  Ff-anklin, 
Dauphin,  and  part  of  Buck's  and  North- 


P£  N 


419 


Mnpton»  through  v^'ch   paAi  under 
various  names,  the  numerous  ridgct  a^ 
Ipurs  which  coIlcAively  form  thr  Ore*t 
Range  of  AlUgbanj  mmintMns,    Tht 
principal  ridges  here  are  the  Kittatinnyt 
or  Blue  Mountains,  which  pafs  north 
of  Nazareth,  in  Northampton  co.  an^ 
purfue  a  S.  W.  co«|r&,  acrofs  the  Le« 
nigh,  through  Dauphin  co.  }uft  abovt 
Harrifburg,  thence  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  Sufquehannah,    through  Cumber- 
land nmf  Franklin  counties.    Back  of 
thefe,  and  nearly  parallel  with  them« 
are  Peter's,  Tufcarora,  and  Nefcopel( 
Mountains,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  Suf- 
quehannah 1    and  on  the  weft.    Share- 
man's  Hills,  Sideling  HiUs,  Ragged, 
Great  Warriors,  Evita  and  Wills  Moun- 
tains }  then  the  Great  AUeghany  Ridge  % 
weft  of  this  are  the  Chefnut  Ridges* 
Between  the  Juniatta  and    the  «ycft 
branch  of  the  Sufquehannah  are  jack's, 
TulTy's,  Nitting,  and  Bald-Eagle  Moun- 
tains.   The  vtues  between  thefe  moun- 
tains are  generally  of  a  rich,  black  foiia 
fuited  to  the  various  kinds  of  grain  and 
grafs.    Some  of  the  mountains  will  ad- 
mit of  cultivation  almoft  to  their  tope. 
The  other  parts  of  the  State  are  gener- 
ally level,  or  agreeably  varigatea  with 
hills  and  vallies.    The  foil  of  Pennfyl- 
vania  is  of  various  kinds  j  in  fome  parte 
it  is  barren,  but  a  great  proportion  of 
the  State  is  good  land ;  and  no  inconfi- 
derable  part  of  it  is  very  ^ood.    The 
richeft  tra£l  that  is  fettled,  is  Lancafttr 
CO.  and  the  valley  through  Cumberland, 
York  and  Franklin.    The  richeft  that 
is  unfi!ttled,  is  between  AUeghany  river 
apd  Lake  Erie, ,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
the  State,  and  in  the  country  on  the 
heads  of  the  eaftera  branches  of  the 
Alleghany.    Pennfylvania  includes  the 
greater  part  of  the  kinds  of  trees,  fhrubs,  ' 
and  plants,  that  grow  within  the  Uni- 
ted States.     Oaks,  of  feveral  fpecies, 
form  the  bulk  of  the  woods.    Hickory 
and  walnut  make  a  greater  proportion 
than  in  the  northern  States.    Sanafras, 
mulberry,    tulip-tree,   and  cedar,  are 
common  and  grow  to  perfe£lion.    The 
magnoBa  glauca,  or  fwamp-faflafras  are 
found  in  low  grounds;  the  twigs  and 
roota  are  ufed  both  in  bath  and  decoc- 
tion  for    removing    the   rheumatifm. 
The  magMclia  acuminata^  or  cucumber- 
tree,  grows  very  tall  about  the  weften^ 
mountains.  ,  The  magnoUa  tripetala,  or 
umbrella- tiee,  is  found  in  fome  parts  16 
Ddi  er 


^ 


rt^ 


^  »tt  kk  MgM.  The  Utk  U  ftnooth, 
|M  t|M  l<^Vei  (bmetimet  exceed  <•  or 
fclMhei  in  tength»and  5  or  4  in  breiutth, 
Mnhindtlng  In  »  point  attaeh  extremity. 

Sil»  leavei  sfc  placed  at  the  «mda  of 
branchei,  in  a  eirailar  form,  refem- 
ttft  in  timbretia  y  hence  tlw  name. 
Thebnirlc  6f  the  tuiip-tret  i<  elteemrti  a 
idlcrtbte   Tubftihite   for  the  Peruvian 
tlirki  out  thfc  tottmt  flsttdm,  or  dog- 
Wottd,  Dlrhtch  it  ficeqtient  in  th«  Stare,  ii 
I^Atriji.   BdSdei  many  othtrr  «ali\ahle 
M«ei  and  Aruvi,  art  tlie  ft^eral  fpeciii 
«f  maple  i  of  theft  the  Aaftet  flowmd 
ftitd  Ai^  tnaphe  ftit  the  moft  ufeftil  t 
f^ey  art  common  In  th«  northern  ami 
Winti  parUof  the  State,  anti  are  larger 
ibMH  thv  other  (>ecici,  gitiwinj  from 
j6  to  60  ftethlgb»  and  yield  abundance 
wjiip  foi*  Then^aking of  fngar.    The 
MbVleanred  tqoth-a«h  tree,  ia  found  here 
•Ml  in  MmyIvwI*    The  bark  and  cap- 
^g  nave  an  acrid  tafte,  and  are  tifcd 
^  ir^lWtng  the  tonth-ach,  whence  it  I-.  s 
M)t  hi  Mmf..    The  ikrubby  bithwyit 
|M«rs  dnt  Fort  Pitt..  It  thtives  in  the 
ftade,  ia  a  rich  foti }  S>[p^>>  about  30 
ft«t  high,  ttnl  ftndi  off  many  twin- 
ftif  bnanchea*    The  nxtta  have  a  lively 
troitiattc  taiftc*  *nd  are  thought  to  have 
MUal  mtdkinat  vii-tve  to  the  fmalt  Vir- 
«nia  ftnnie-root.    't\\t  fa/iAvut  cava- 
2b(/(r,  or  ted-bervied  elder,   is  found 
ftntf    Among  tHe  Indiana  it  is  called 
Aiver-bufh  i  and  a  decbftion  of  its  wood 
iind  budt  is  highly  dbenied  by  them. 
It  would  be  endtfeia.  to   defcrlbe   the 
6eautifti}  flowering  Arab**  and  ufeful  as 
alib  ornamental  ilhuits   In  this  State. 
Grape*  of  fe«ei«  (br td  are  common: 
the  late  kimt,  when  mellowed  by  froft, 
make,  with  the  ^dditit)n  of  (ligar^  good 
wine.    At  prefeat,  the  cultivation  of 
the  vine  is  much  in  vtoeue  in  Pennfyl- 
lunid,  and  good  wine  nas..  been  already 
m'lide.    Iron  ore  abounds-  in  this  State : 
copper,  lead,  and  nihim  appear  in  fome 
places.    Lirtictlone  is  common,  as  alfo 
ftveral  kind^i  of  marble^    Id  the  middle 
aiid  weftern  country  is  abundance  of 
coat.      At    the    head   of  the  weftern 
branch  of  Suli^iehannah  is  an  exteniive 
bed,  which  ftrctches  over  the  country 
fbuth-weftwardly,  fo  as.  to  be' found  in 
the  gieateft   plenty  sbcut    Pitifburg. 
There  are  alfo  confiderable  bodies  on 
the  head  water's  bf  the  Schuylkill  and 
lehlgh ;  and  at  Wyoming  there  is  a  bed 
doen,  vhlcji  gives  vei^  intenfc  heat, 


VftAil  quadnipcrfs,  In  tM  -Hmt-  dtfL 
trifti,  arc  dt'er,  hi  great  nambcra,  bnu 
vei-s,  otters,  racootti,  and  martini. 
Buffiiloei  rarely  eix)fl  the  Ohio,  and  elk* 
i'eldom  advance  from  thi  nor|hi  Pan* 
thers,  wHd  cats,  bears,  faxas  and  wolvt* 
are  not  rarei^  the  laft  do  moft  nil('chiff» 
ei^ially  in  the  winter  {  but  the  iur  and 
(kms  of  all  are  valuable.  In  the  thkk 
fettlements,  rabbits  and  ffpiirrclii  vt% 
frequent  I  allb  minks  and  mufl(«rats  in 
inar(hes{  partfidgea  are  yet  nninernuii, 
though  the  late  bard  winters  hnVe  tle> 
itroyed  many,  and  wild  turkies  in  tha 
new  fettlements }  pheafimts  ahd  giouA 
are  become  fcaree  |  pigeons,  ducks  and 
wild  tjeefe  arc  generally  Ibund  In  plenty 
in  thch'  pioper  fea'ons.  Here  are  k 
great  ntimher  of  ffnging  birda,  as  many 
migrttte  to  this  State  icom  N.  and  S.  ia 
certain  fealbns. 

Trouts  are  common  In  the  rivukt«„ 
in  length^ftldom  above  a  foot.    In  the 
eartem  «|^«rs,  the  principal  fifli  are  it)ck. 
and  fheep's  head,  with  (had  and  \her- 
ring,  which,  in  the  fpriag,  come  up 
from  the  fea  in  great  flioala.   Thefe  are 
not  found  in  the  wrftem  waters,  which 
are  laid  to  have  their-own  valuable  kinds,, 
efpecially  a  fpecies  of  cat  fifll,  weighing 
ftom  50  to  mo  pounds )  yellow  perch 
and  pike  are  alfo  in  them  much  larger 
and  more  numeraus.    The  fouth  Ade 
of   Pennlylvania    is    the  beft    fettled 
throughout,  owing  entirely  to  the  cir- 
cumftaiice  of  the  weftern  road  having 
been  nm  by  the  armies,  prior  to  1761, 
tinbugh  the  towns  of  LancaAcr,  Carlifle 
and.  Ifcdford,.  and  thenoe  to  Pittfburg. 
For  the  purpfe  of  tuining  the  tide  of 
fettlcrs  from  this  old  channel  into  the. 
nnfettled  parts  of  the  State,  the  govein- 
mentiAnd  landed  intereft  of  Ptr  (ylva* 
nia  have  been,  and  are  ftiil,  bui)   .1  cut. 
ting  convenient  roads.  During  the  lum* 
mer  of  1788,  they  laid  out  a  road  nortk 
from  the  former  roads  beyond  Bethle- 
hem,, to  the  north  portage  between  Del- 
aware and   Sufquehannah ;  and  thence 
north  80"  weft  to  the  mouth  of  the  Tio» 
ga,  the  former  70  miles,  and  the  lattc 
above  60.     It  is  now  in  contemplatic... 
to  cut  a  roadefromSunbury,  at  thp  fork* 
of  the  E.  and  W.  branohis  of  Sufque- 
hannah, W.  1 50  mifes,  to  the  mouth  of 
Toby's  creek,  which  empties  into  thC' 
Alleghany  from  (he  eaft.    A  road  is- 
alfo  cut  from  the  mouth  of  the  Tioga, 
fouthvrard  to  the  mouth  of  Loyal,  which 

imptics 


PEN 

««|idM  bito  iIm  weft  branch  of  SolSjnw- 
iMAiwh.  AMMbcr  immI  »  cut  tnom 
UuBtingdflA  t«wni  c«  Fritnka>Town 
branch  of  the  jMvintfa,  wtftward  %o 
milri  to  Concmaght  a  mvignblc  branch 
of  the  AUeghMy.  A  tiim|^>4c  road  ha« 
b««i  latffhr  coMPlir«|  from  PhiU^clphin 
to  Lancamr,  which  Oiorten*  the  dittance 
between  theie  place*  S  miles  i  and  others 
are  in  contemplation.  From  Swetaia 
to  the  Tiilpchoken  branch  of  tbe^chMyi- 
|cill»  a  can4  ami  lock  navii(fition  is 
undertahcn,  end  the  works  cuium«nccd, 
by  an  incoipoi'atcd  cump;Miy,  wlivfe  ca 
piol  is  400,000  dollae.  This  leads 
through  the  Scheylkill  to  Philadelphia. 
WlKn  this  (hail  he  tflfeclal,  a  paiTtse 
will  he  ojien  to  Philo^lelphia  from  the 
Juniatta,  the  Tioga,  and  the  K>  and  W. 
branches  <^  the  Sur<]uehannah»  which 
water  at  ieaii  15,000,000  pf  acres. 
Fi«m  this  jundioii,  the  general  courl'e 
af  the  Sui'qaehannah  i«  about  Ibuth-ealt, 
until  it  falls  into  the  head  of  C'helhpeak 
9ay  at  Havre  de  Grace.  See  Titga 
Hi'ver.  On  the  completion  of  tiie  pre- 
lent  pinns,  the  State  will  be  a»  conveni- 
ently interfcfkcd  by  lond*  as  any  other 
of  Its  fiye  in  the  Union,  which  will 
greatly  facilitate  the  fettlement  of  its 
jiew  lands.  A  flight  view  of  the  map 
of  Pennfylvania  will  bell  (hew  how  fine- 
iy  th>»  State  is  fituated  for  inland  navi- 
gation. Nature  has  done  fo  much  for 
inl.ind  land-carriage,  that  although 
Philadelphia  and  Lake  Erie  are  diibnt 
from  each  other  above  ^00  miles,  there 
is  no  doubt  but  that  the  rivers  of  the 
State  may  be  fo  improved,  as  to  reduce 
the  bnd  carriage  between  them  nine- 
tenths,  {n  the  (ame  way  the  navigation 
to  Pitt(burg«  alter  d\ie  improvement, 
may  be  ufnl  inftcad  of  land-carriage  for 
thewholediftance,eicGept  13  miles.  By 
thefe  routes  it  is  clear,  that  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  foreign  articles  ufed  on 
the  wellern  waters  muft  be  tranlpoited, 
«nd  their  (vrSf  ikins,  ginlrng,  hemp, 
flax,  pot-alhi  an4  other  commodities 
brought  to  PhiMelphia. 

Pennfylvania  has  the  various  kinds  of 
gr^in,  &c.  common  to  the  neighhour- 
Uig  States,  but  whi^at  is  the  principal 
grain  of  very  general  cult:  in.  In 
the  year  17-86,  the  exports  o>  dour  were 
150,000  barrels)  in  1789—369,618 
barrels }  and  much  greater  quaiitities  in 
yeara  fince.  The  manufactures  of  this 
lurte  BTfL  sS  munerout  kutd««     Iron 


PEN 


4M 


workt  an  vf  isng  kuiAnp  md  tkcif 
prodoAi  iiKrwfc  Hi  quantity*  and  imc 
prove  in  <|i«ility.  The  furnacea  am  l|^ 
and  the  forgca  17*  There  ara  1 1  roUing 
and  flitting  niilU»  wbkh  are  faid  to««|t 
and  roll  tco  tontfiyearr  TbcfofMi 
will,  it  ie  thoHi^ht,  if  properly  rondu^ 
ed,  inaniifaAwre  each  i7«t«iiMof  bar 
iron  a  ycai^M-tatal  toje  lona*  Bcfidas 
pif^s  call  at  the  fumacea,  there  are  pot^ 
kettles,  pans,  ovenf»la<ttea,  tonga*  |hQ«- 
els,  aitd  ifonSf  plough-iiWMi  fpa4a^ 
hoes,  flieet-iroot  lioopai  irah  aiM  ftifi 
woi  k  for  oleafure  and  working  eanriagVfi 
nails,  bolts,  lbikef{  various  icon-^^ek 
for  (hips,  ^11l«  ami  buildings,  cannoH 
ha  1 1 «,  and  Ibme  mufltcts  |  fey  thies,  ficklef, 
.<xcs,  drawing-knives,  I'ome  fawa  and 
pluiet,  and  other  tools.  The  other  «r»> 
leofive  manutaOures  are  numerous,  vi|« 
tiiule  of  leather,  ikins,  and  lur,  woodt 
paper,  gunpowder,  bricks,  earthenware* 
copper,  lead,  tin  wares,  pewter,  co^ 
tun,  I'ugar,  molafles,  tobacco,  ice.  fto. 
There  are  51  paper-mills  in  the  8tat«<| 
and  their  annual  produfl  i«  comput- 
ed at  s5,«oo  dollars.  Since  tba 
year  1770,  i.<  nnpowder  mills  haw 
been  ereAcil.  There  are  about  300,00b 
wool  and  fur  hats  mnnufiAured  annii- 
ally  in  tiM  State)  nearly  one  half  of 
which  are  of  fur.  In  the  manufaAure 
of  iron,  paper, .  pleafure  carriages,  and 
cabinet  work,  Pennfylvania  exceeda 
not  only  New- York,  but  all  her  ftfter 
States.  Much  cotton  is  worked  up  in 
families;  and  impoiled  linen  is  now 
printed,  in  an  increafing  degree.  The 
manufa6lures  of  Pennl'ylvania  have 
greatly  increafed  within  a  few  yearl* 
as  well  by  maAer  workmen  and  jour, 
neymen  trom  abroad,  as  by  the  ikill  and 
iiutudry  of  the  natives.  Some  perfoiig 
have  begun  to  prefs  oil  from  hickoiy 
nuts.  The  Meflrs.  Marflialls  of  Phila. 
delphia,  have  commenced  the  makine 
of  Gbuber's  fait,  fal  ammoniac,  and 
volatile  falts ;  they  ab-eady  lupply  the 
whole  Union  with  the  firft  article,  and 
export  a  part  of  the  others.  A  mill  of 
Rumfay's  (the  improvement  of  Bar- 
ker's) near  tlwt  city,  grinds,  by  water, 
flour,  chocolate,  fnufF,  hair  powder,  and 
muflard ;  fliella  chocobite  nuts }  preflS» 
tolMcco  for  chewing  and  Imoakinr} 
and  bolts  meal.  The  water-work« 
near  the  falls  of  Trenton,  which 
grind  grain,  roll  and  flit  iron,  and 
pound  plafter  of  Pariii  cxbihit  gfuA 
Dd  3  mechaniflaa« 


4^  PEN 

mechanirra.     C^rd   manufaftorles  are 
lately  0*.  up.     The  hand  machinec 
for  carding  and  fpinning  cotton  have 
been  tntruduced  and-  improved.      Sir 
Richard  Aricwright*8  famous  Miater-miU 
^r  i^innin?  cotton  yam  has  been  ob- 
tained) alio  the  maehinVr)   to  (liver, 
rove,  and  fpin  flax  and    hemp  into 
thread »  fit  for  linen  of  thirty  cuts  to 
the  pound ;  which  will  alfo  ferVe  for 
the  roving  and  fpinning  combed  wool 
into  worited  yarn.    Screws  for  paper- 
mills  are  now  cut  from  folid  caft  iron. 
'Lanterns  for  li.^ht-houfes  are  made  by 
Mr  Whoe'er  of  Philadelphia :  who  al- 
fo executes  work  for  fuear-.miils  in  the 
Wefl-  Indies :  during  tna  war  he  made 
cannin  from  wrought -iron.    The  com- 
merce of  Penntylvania  with  the  eaftern 
and  fouthem  States  is,  in  great  part, 
an    exchange  of    ftaple  commodities. 
Wheat-flour  and  bar-irop  are  exported 
to  New- England    for    whale-oil    and 
bone,  fpermaceti,  feai-flcins,  mackerel, 
cod-fiih  anb  falmon,  Rhode-IHand  and 
Connefticut  cheefe ;  to  S.  Carolina  and 
Georgia  for  live-oak,    cedar,    cotton, 
rice  and  indigo;  to  N.  Carolina  for 
tar,  pitch,    turpentine,    and    luiiibcr. 
Much  of  the  »rad:  with  the  fouthem 
States  arlfes  fron'   the   Aiperiority  of 
Pennfylvania  in  manufaAurcs  and  com- 
merce.    Great  quantities  of  deer-lkins, 
with  ihofe  of  otters,  racoons,  foxes, 
u)uflc-rats,    ard  beavers,  are  imported 
from  the  back  country.     Virg'-ita  fends 
a  great  di-al  of  wheat,  and  unmanufac- 
tured tobacco.    In  return,  /he  receives 
many  articles  of  cloathing.  furniture, 
farming  utenHIs,  equipage ;  fome  Eaft- 
India    ;nd  European  gootis  i  and  cvin 
Weft-India  produce  j  of  all  thefe,  more 
or  I'sfs,  accord  hg  to  the  local  improve- 
ment and   fituation.     Hat.«,  faddlery, 
fhoes,  windfor  chairs,  carriages,  hews,' 
H^nn,  iron  caftings  for  domeftic  ufe, 
Tvhed  tire,  ipadcs,  iioes,  axes,  paper, 
books,  tin- ware,  and  bru(hes,  conftiiute 
a  great  pro|>ort»«ln  of  the  exports  tr^  the 
ibuthward.     N«imerotts  droves  of  ican 
fittle  come  f;om  the  weljitm  parts  of 
thelie  States,  where  they  have  a  wide 
rsnw,  but    want   meadow.     Virginia 
4ends  of  late  a  tbnfiderable  deal  of  coal, 
fpme  lead,   and  peach   biandy.     This 
liquor  alfo  comes  from  Msryiand }  but 
from  both  in  quantity  very  Imall,  con- 
fideripg  its  value,  and  the  facility  of 
nuOng  the  ttui*»    The  eaileni  ihore  of 


PEN 

Maryland  fends  to  Fhilaidelphia  conff. 
derable  quantities  of  wheat,  and  Indiaii 
com;  frc-n  the  wtftem  conies  the  kite- 
foot  tobacco.    This  State  has  alfo  fom9 
trade  with  the  fouth  of  Feni)fylvania,by 
the  way  of  Chelapeak  hay  i  feme  parts 
of  it  receive  the  fame  comniodities  as 
Virginia,  efpecially  pleafore  carriages. 
The  trade  with    New- York  depends 
chiefly  ■      the  fiu6^uation  of  the  mar- 
ket; American  and  iureign  goods,  of 
the  fame  kinds,   are   carried  between 
the  two  capital  cities,  as  their  prices 
fall  and  rite.  Albany  peas  and  craw. flfh 
are,  however,  articles  m  regular  demand 
from  New- York.     Great  part  of  New- 
Jerfey  and    Delaware  State  have,  as 
neighbours,   much     intercourfe    with 
Pennfylvania.    The  firft  fupports  in  a 
great  meafurethe  market  of^  Philadel- 
phia, furaiihes  rye-meal,  much  Indiat> 
com  and  lumber,  and  fome  iron  bloom- 
ery:  the  other  fends  great  quantities 
of^  excellent  flour   from    the  mills  of 
Brandywine,  Itnnber  fi'om  the  di||rift 
on  the  bay,  and  fat  cattle  firom  the  paf- 
tures    adjoining  Delaware.     Many  of 
thefe,  and  of  thofe  fattened  in  the  vici- 
nity of  Philadelphia,  are  brought  from 
the  fouth  ;  and  alfo  firom  the  countries 
on  the  North  and  Conne£licut  rivers,  aa 
far   as    Vermont    wA    Maflachufetts. 
The  commerce  of  Pennfylvania,  itt  th« 
weft,  is  by  the  Ohio  with  the  Spanifh* 
7nd  by  the  lakes  with  the  Britifti  dotnt- 
nions ;  and  both  ways  with  the  Indian 
tribes.     This  trade  will  probably  b« 
confiderable,  fince  commercial  fiipula- 
tions  are  formed  with  thofe  powers,  and 
peace  is  concluded  with  the  Indians. 
At  preient  nearly  the   whole  foreign 
commerce  is  carried  on  by  the  port  of 
Philadelphia.    Its  diftance  from  the  fea, 
and  its  clofmg  by  ice  in  the  winter,  are 
dii'advantaees ;  but  the  firft  In  leflened 
by  improved  pilotage;  the  other  by  the 
conftruftion  of  the  piers  below,  and  by 
the  occafional  thaws  which  permit  vef- 
kls  to  clearthtir  way  durii^g  the  winter. 
In  common  Ceafons  the  navigation  isob- 
ttru£ted  fix  weeks  ;   a  (horter  period  is 
as  probable  as  a  longer ;  though  in  the 
late  hard  winters,  |oads  of  wood  have 
pafTdd  the  river  near  the  city,  in  the 
firft  days  of  March.    The  population 
of  this  ftate  has  been  already  mention- 
ed: it  is  nearly  lo  for  eveiy  fqnare 
mile.    The  number  of  militia  is  efti- 
mated  at  upwaixli  cf  ^,000,  between 

18  and 


ith  t'iit  Indian 


tl  apd  53  yean  of  age.    The  inhabU 
tants  ai'e  princtpaUy  the  defcendants  of 
Engliih,  Irifh,  and  'i^ermans,  with  ibme 
Scotch*  Welch,  S^vedes,  and    a    few 
Dutch.    There  are  alio  many  of  the 
Irifli  and  Germane  who  emigrated  when 
young  or  middle  aged.    The  Friends 
and  fipifcop'alians,  are  chiefly  of  £ng- 
lifli  extract  ion,  and  compofe  about  onc> 
thiwt  of  the   inhabitants.    They  live 
chiefly  in  the  metropolis,  and    in  the 
counties  of  Chefter,  Philadelphia,  Bucks 
an<l  Montgomery.  The  If  ith  are  mottly 
Picfbytcrians,  but   fome    are    Roman 
Catholics :   their  anccftors  came  from 
the  N.  of  Ireland,  which  was  latterly 
fettled  from  Scotland ;  hence  they  have 
been  loraetimes  called  Scotch  Irlfli,  to 
denote  their  double  deicent.    They  in- 
habit the  weftem  and  frontier  counties, 
and    are    numerous.     The    Germans 
compofe  about  one  quarter  of  tlie  inha* 
bitants  of  Pennfylvania .    They  are  mod 
jiumerous  in  the  north  parts  of  the  me- 
tropolis, and  the  counties  of  Philadel- 
phia, Montgomery,  Bucks,  Dauphin, 
jLancafter,   York,  and  Northampton; 
tnoftly  in  the  four  laft,  and  are  fpread. 
ing  in  other  paits.   They  confift  of  Lu- 
therans, (who  are  the  moft  numerous 
fefl)  Calvuiift,  or  Reformed   Church, 
Moravians,  Roman  r^itholics,  Mennon- 
ifts,  Tunkers,  ano       -Ingfelters,  who 
are  a  fpecies  of  Quakers.    Thefe  are 
all  diftmguilbed  for  their  temperance, 
induftryj  and  economy.     The  Baptifts, 
except    the  Mennonifts   and    Tunker 
Baptifts,  who  are  Gerpians,  are  chiefly 
defcended  of  emigrants  from  Wales, 
and  are  not  numerous.  A  proportionate 
aflemhlage  of  the  national  prejudices, 
the  manners,  cuflcuns,  religions    and 
political  fentiment$  of  all  thefe,  will 
form     the    Penni'ylvantan    chara6ler. 
The  number  of  congregations  in  the 
State  is  as  follows:  Pre(byterlans,  86; 
German  Calvinifts,  84;  nearly   84.  of 
German  Lutherans}  Friencis  or  Qu'i- 
kers,  54;  Epifcopalians,  z6;  Baptiifs, 
15;   Roman    Catholics,    11 }    Scotch 
Prelbyterians,  8 ;  Moravians,  8 ;  Free 
Quakers,  i ;   Univerfalifls,   t ;    Cove- 
nanters, I }  Methodifts,  3  or  4;  and  a 
Jewidi  Synagogue ;  the  whole  amount- 
ing  to  384.    The  literary,    humane, 
and  other  ufefiil  focir*ies,  are  more  nu- 
onerous  and  flourifliing  in  Pennfylvania 
than  in  any  of  the  fixteen  States.    The 
feminarles  of  learning  are  refpeflable. 


PEN  4tf 

There  U  xn  univerTity  at  Philaddlphia* 
and  colleges  at  Carlifle  and  Lanca/tw. 
The  Epifcopalians  have  an  academy  §t 
Yorktown  in  York  co.    There  are  alfi> 
academies  at  Germantown, »%  Pittlbui|F, 
at  WaOiington,  at  Allen's- Town,  and 
ether  places }  thefe  are  endowed  fay  do^. 
paticns  from  the  legiflature,  and  by  li- 
beral  contributions  of  individuals.  The 
legiflature  have   alfo  referred    6o,o«o 
acres  of  the  public  lands  for  public 
fchools.    The  United  Brethren,  or  Mo* 
ravians,  have  academies  at  Bethlehem* 
and  Nazareth  on  thp  bcft  eftatilifliment 
of  any  fchools  perhaps  in  America* 
Befldes    Philadelpiiia,'  the  metropoliat 
the  chief  towns  are,  Lancafter,  the  larg'* 
eft  inland  town  of  the  United  States* 
Carlifle,  Pittfl>ui:g,   Sunbury,  Bethle- 
hem, Reading,  Yorktown,  HaiTifl)urgi 
Wafliington,  &c.     This  State  was  fet- 
tled by  the  celebrated  William  PeDn» 
fon  ot  the  famous  Admiral  Penn,  in 
1 68a.    By  the  favourable  terras  which 
Mr.  Penn  ofliered  to  the  fettlers,  and 
an  unlimited  toleration  of  all  religiotot 
denominations,  the  population  of  the 
province  was  extremely  rapid.  The  pro- 
prietaries,  after  the  revolution,  accepted 
of  ^f  foiooo  fiom  the  legiflature,  in  lieu 
of  all  quit-rents.     They,  however,  fl:ill 
poflefs  in  Pennfylvania  many  large  tra6lt 
of  excellent  land.  The  prefent  conftitu- 
tion  of  this  State  was  ratified  June  istb* 
1792.  A  convention,  to  amend  the  con^ 
ftitution,  may  be  called  where  a  minority 
of  the  people  fliall  flgnify  their  wiflt  (o 
it.     The  expenoe  of  the  government  of 
this  State  amounis  to  ^31,180  annually 
See  Pbiladelpbiat  for  an  account  of  tha 
exports  and  imports  of  the  State,  &c. 
Pennytown.    See  Pennington, 
Penobscot,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Hancock  co.  Piftri£l  of  Maine,  and  call- 
ed tfiirombsga  by  the  flrft  difcoverer,  it 
about  16  leagues  wide  from  Naflceag 
Point  and  Burnt  Coat  Ifland,  on  the  F 
to  the  point  on    which  Thomaft' 
ftands,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
The  chief  iflands  it  enclofes  ar.  JWn 

Haut,  Long  and  Deer  Ifland?  ^Yt 

a  number  otfmallifles,  rocks,  •*  Fox,^ 

Through  this  bay  to  th  'i,?^^^** 

the  river  of  its  name,  th'  '  ^**  f^gts, 

iiel  goes  up  by  ^  head-  .  J,o^°"*"   of 

called  Owfs  Head,  ?         i^^^'^^  <^''«- 
Ifland  on  the  W.  M^tZ^  ^• 

the  E.  to  Bagad.        ^  GapT  S»J^"«- 
era  channel  is  Y       J^pPbinr    T^"*roa 

tk.e 


4 


VIST 

iiM  ^  Mfd  Bttrnt  i^ott  IflMd  on  thft 
nfti  mWI  through  •  reach,  c«Ued  Long- 
Rcadi,  fcmMd  by  the  IkovH  of  Naflceag, 
WScdffwick,  onth  E.  or  N.  E.  and 
llMr-li«ndt  on  the  W.  or  8.  W.  tilt  it 
imitet  with  the  other  channi  l»  between 
3V)inC  Rofier  and  Long-lfland.  On  a 
fine  peninfula  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
iMy,  the  Britiih  built  a  fort  and  made  a 
ftttlement  which  i«  now  the  fttire-town 
•f  the  county  of  Hancock,  and  is  acorn- 
pnodiovt  place  for  the  lumber  trade. 
Haut.Ifland,  cr  Ifle  of  Holt,  lies  in  lat. 
44.  ts.  N.  and  ion^  6S.  10.  W.  and  is 
the  louthernmoft  ot  the  large  iflti. 

PBNOB6COT,  the  noble  river  which 
tmpties  its  waters  into  the  above  def- 
cribcd  bay,  is  the  moft .  confiderable  in 
thcDiftrift  of  Maine,  and  rifes  by  two 
iMMches  in  the  high  lands.  Between 
the  fourceof  the  weft  fork,  and  its  junc- 
tion with  the  eaft,  is  Moofehead  Lake, 
30  or  40  mtle«  long,  and  15  wide.  The 
taftcm  branch  pafles  tl)!:'>ugh  feveral 
finaller  takes.  From  the  t  >rk8,  as  they 
•re  called,  the  Penobfcot  Indians  pafs 
to  Canada,  up  either  branch,  principally 
the  weft,  the  fource  of  which,  they 
ffiy,  is  not  nonre  than  tc  miles  froni  the 
uraters  which  empty  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence. At  the  torks  is  a  remarkable 
high  mountain.  From  thence  down 
to  Indian  Old  Town,  fituated  on  an 
Uland  in  this  river,  is  about  60  miles,  40 
ofwhich,  the  water  fl6ws  in  aftill  fmooth 
tream,  and  in  the  whole  diftance  there 
are  no  (nils  to  interrupt  the  paflage  of 
t>oats.  In  this  diftance  the  river  widens 
and  fmbi-aees  a  great  number  of  iflands. 
About  60  rods  below  Indian  Old  Tosvn 
are  the  Great  Fallsjwhere  is  a  carrying- 
place  of  about  fto  ixxis}  thence  11 
wiles  to  the  head  of  tlie  tide  there  are 
no  fells  to  obftruCl  boats.  VefTels  of  -o 
tons  come  within  a  miie  of  the  head  of 
#ieticle.  Thence  35  miles  to  the  head 
df  the  bay,  to  the  fcite  of  Old  Fort  Pow- 
nal,  the  river  flows  in  a  pretty  ftraight 
courfe,  and  is  eafily  navigated.  .  Pafling 
by  Majabagadufe  on  the  eaft  7  miles, 
Vand.Owj's  Hertd  ««  «lil% further,  on 
the  weft,  you  enter  the  ocean.  It  is  high 
•i^a^jr  here,  at  full  and  change,  43  mi- 
nut'cf  pa^l  |0,  At  tlie  entrance  of  the  river 
is  io'tath(>nn  water.  The  Indians  have 
'  a  <i6ihinai^icB(  ion  from  this  river  to  Scoo- 
dick  river  by  a  bortage  of  3  miles.  This 
Tif|ir  was  the  wcftern  limits  of  Nova-Sco- 
llyp^  A<i4«i,  by  the  treaty  of  I7.tt%c.ht. 

'*'-jr%'-  -  -        '  '  '   '    ' 


i>*- 


Pbnomcot,*  a  uoA-tomi  af  tli» 
DiftriA  of  Maine,  on  tnc  caft  fide  of  the 
bay  of  its  name,  fituatad  in  lat.  44.  X4. 
N.  •;  miles  N.  by  W.of  Blue-Hitl.  141 
N.  W.  of  Poitlmd,  %6i  N.  by  S.  of 
fiofton,  and  6e6from  PhiMelphia.lt  is 
a  port  of  entry,  and  carries  on  a  fmal| 
trade  in  fifli  and  lumber.  TIm  export! 
in.  1794,  ending  Stpt,  30,  amounted  to 
5,Sa5  dollars.  This  townftiip  contain* 
ed  in  1790—1,048  inhabitants.  In  Feb. 
1796,  it  was  divided  into  two  towns } 
the  one  retaining  the  name  penobfcot, 
the  other  named  Caftine,  was  made  the 
(hire-town,  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  con- 
tains the  poft-office. 

Penobscots,  a  fmall  tribe  of  In. 
dians  who  live  in  Indian  Old  Town,  on 
an  ifland  in  Penobfcot  river.  They 
aver  that  they  have  poflefttd  the  iiland, 
on  which  their  town  (lands,  500  years. 
Itftands  juft  above  the  Great  Falls,  and 
confifts  of  about  aoo  acres  of  land.  See 
Indian  OldTvwn,  In  a. former  war, 
this  tribe  loft  their  lands;  but  at\>the 
commencement  of  the  laft  war,  the 
Provincial  Ccngrefs  forbade  any  perfon 
fettling  on  the  lands  from  the  head  of 
the  tide  oa  Penobfcot  rivrr,  included 
in  lines  drawn  fix  miles  from  the  river 
OH  each  fide;  that  is,  a  traft  la  miles 
wide,  interft£ted  by  the  middle  of  the 
river.  They,  however,  confider  that 
they  have  a  right  to  hunt  and  filh  as  far 
as  the  mouth  of  the  Bay  of  Penobfcot 
extends.  This  was  their  original  right, 
inoppofition  to  any  other  tribe,  and  they 
now  occupy  it. 

Pensacola  Harbtur  and  TVuw. 
The  Harbour  is  on  the  N.  (hore  of  the 
Gulf  cf  Mexico,  1 1  leagues  eaft  of  P^rt 
Lewis,  and  Mobile,  and  1 58  W.  of  the 
iflands  of  Tortuga.  It  is  large,  fafc 
from  all  winds,  and  has  4  fathoms  water 
at  its  entrance,  deepening  gradual^  to 
7  cr  8.  The  bar  lies  in  Tat.  30.  15.  N. 
and  long.  87.  14  W.  The  town  ofPen- 
facola,  the  capital  of  Weft-Florida,  lies 
along  the  Vach  of  the  bay,  is  of  an  ob- 
long form  i  about  a  mile  in  length,  and 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  breadth.  It  con- 
tains feveral  hundred  habitations;  and 
many  of  the  public  buildings  and  houfes 
are,  I'pacious  and  elegant.  The  guver<- 
nor*s  palace  is  a  large  ftune  building,  or- 
namented with  a  (uwer,  built  by  the 

*  Thin  defcription  appliei  to  this  town  as 
it  ftood  before  its  d^yifion,  in  1796- 

Spaniards* 


I  to  thi>  town  as 


PEP 

•puiiRrdfl.    It  it  defended  by  a  fmall 
Ibrt,  called  St.  Mary  de  Galve.    The 
cxuot'ts  from  this  town,  conilfttng  of 
flcinat  logwood,  dytng-ftufF  and  iiivei 
dollars,  amounted,  while  in  the  poflcf- 
fmn  of  the  Britiflt,  to  ,(^#3,000  annually. 
The  average  value  of  imports,  fpr  3 
years,  from  GreaF>Britatn,was^97,ooo. 
The  town  and.  fort  of  Penfacola  furren- 
dered  to  the  arms  of  Spain,  in  the  year 
1 78 1,  and  with  them  the  whole  pro- 
vince.     Efcambria  river,  or  Shambe,  is 
the  largeft  ftreani  which  falls  into  Pen- 
facola Bay.     It  admits  fliailops  ibme 
mites  up,  and  bpats  upwards  of  50  miles. 
Pentecost,  an  ifland  in  the  Archi- 
pelago of  the  Great  Cycladest  which  fee. 
It  was  difcovered  by  Bougainville,  May 
ia,i768,  and  named  from  the  day,  be- 
ing the  day  of  Pentecoft.     It   is   two 
leagues  dillant    from    Aurora    Ifland, 
which  is  in  15.  8.  S.  lat.  and  165.  58. 
B.  bug.  from  Parts. 

Penuco,  a  province  of  Mexico; 
feparated  from  that  of  Angelos,  or 
Tiafcala,  on  the  N.  by  Tufpa  river.  ' 
Pepchidiachich,  a  point  or  head 
land,  on  the  S.  ihure  of  the  Great  Bay 
of  Chaleurs,  near  the  N.  E.  extremity 
of  the  province  of  New-Brunrwick.  It 
is  alfo  called  Pepchidichi,  and  lies  W. 
6.  W.  of  Port  David. 

Pepin,  a  lake,  or  rather  a  dilatation 
of  the  river  MiHifippi,  where  it  receives 
the  river  Chippeway  from  the  N.  E.  in 
lat.  44..  5.  N.  and  long.  93.  42.  W. 
below  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

Pepperell,  a  townfliip  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  on  theE.  branch  ot  Nafliaway 
river,  and  on  the  N.  line  of  Middlefex 
CO.  It  joins  Groton  on  the  rotith-eaft- 
ward,  and  is  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1753,  and 
contains  M3X  inhabitants. 

PEP'pERELBOaouGH,  a  townfliip  in 
York  CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  on  the  N .  E. 
fide  of  Saco  river,  near  the  mouth,  and 
which  feparates  it  from  Biddeford  to 
the  fouthward.  It  is  ahout  ii  miles 
S.  W.  of  Port  land,  and  109  N.  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1772,  and 
contains  1,351  inhabitants. 

Pepsiguiache,  now  called  New- 
Carlifle,  l".  about  3  leagues  from  Pafpi- 
biaf,  on  the  north  <ideof  Chaleur  Bay. 
P^psiGUiACH  Point, on  the  northern 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  now  called  Pafpi. 
Ifiae  PofnU  is  about  3  leagues  W.  N.  W. 
^f  ^aft  Mouville.    It  is  a^  barren  plaiji 


PER  4^ 

that  it  nearly  a'  league  in  lengtb.  A 
very  exteniive  HAiery  is  carried  en  hbi?t 
for  Aich  a  ftnall  place. 

P EVY't  IflandSf  the  fame  trfth  Falk- 
land Iflands.  Ptpy^  Ifl'.nd,  defcrib^ 
in  Commodore  Anion's  Voyage,  lies  !a 
lat.  47.  S.  8  Icnijues  E.  of  Cape  Blanco* 
on  the  coaft  of  Patagonia,  and  yna  dif. 
covered  by  Capt.  Cowley  in  i68o,'w'i<i 
reprefentt  it  to  be  commodious  for  '.ak- 
ing  in  wood  ;  nd  water,  and  pvcvided 
with,  a  harbour  capable  of  holding  1000 
fail  of  fliips ;  abonnding  with  fowls,  and 
promiiing  great  plenty  of  fifli. 

Pequanack,  a  townfliip  of  Morrit 
CO.  New-Jerfcy;  perhaps  the  fame  at 
in  fome  maps  is  called  Pegunnockt 
which  is  feparated  from  Bergen  cO. 
northward  by  Pegunnock  river. 

PsQUANNOCK  Point  and  River. 
The  river  is  a  fmall  ftream  which  runt 
fouthward  through  the  towns  of  Hunt- 
ington and  Stratford,  in  Fairfield  cp. 
Conne^ieut,  and  empties  into  a  bay  in 
the  Sound  where  veffels  may  anchor. 
The  point  forms  the  weftern  extremity 
of  the  bay  near  which  are  fome  rocks  ; 
from  thence  the  outer  bar  extends  N.  by 
N.  E.  The  point  is  5  miles  S,  W.  of 
Stratford  river. 

Pe R AM  vs,  or  Perames,  in  Bergen  co. 
New-Jcrfey,  lies  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  branches  of  Saddle  river, 
a  north  water  of  Paflnik;  about  18 
miles  northward  of  Bergen,  10  weft  of 
Tappan,  and  ai  N.  W.  l)y  N.  of  New- 
York  city. 

Percee,  /'//^^,a  fmall  but  remarkable 
ifland  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Qtilfof 
St.  Lawrence,  being  a  perpeniiicvdar 
rock,  pierced  with  two  natursl  arch»;.s, 
.hroHgh  which  the  fea  flows.  One  of 
thefe  arches  is  fiifficiently  high  to  admit 
a  large  boat  to  pals  freely  through  it. 
It  is  15  miles  fouth  of  Cape  Gafpee.  It 
is  afl'erted  that  it  was  formerly  joined 
to  Mount  Joli,  which  lies  oppofite  to  it 
on  the  continent. 

Percipan  V,  a  vi'lage  in  Morris  co. 
New-Jcrfey,  fituated  on  a  branch  of  Paf- 
faik  river,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Morriftown. 
Pbrcv,  an  extenfive  townfliip  in 
Grafton  co.  New-HampHiire,  watered 
by  the  feveral  branches  of  Ujiper  Amo- 
noofuck  river,  bounded  weft  by  Nor- 
thumberland, on  Conncdlic'.it  river.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1774,  and  containt 
only  48  inhabitants. 
F ERDiDO,  a  i'iver  and  bay  on  thecc^ft 


;44i6  PER 

•f  Weft-FIorida.  The  mouth  of  the 
yiycrii  about  lo  leagues  eaftward  of  Mo- 
bile Point,  and  4.  weftward  of  the  bar 
«f  Penfacola.  The  entrance  is  narrow, 
with  a  bar  of  fix  feet,  but  afterwards  it 
widens  coniiderably.  This  was  for- 
■Mrhr  the  boundary  between  Florida 
Md  Louifiana,  dividing  the  French  and 
Spanilh  dominions.  The  river  ftretches 
In  one  place  north-caA,  where  it  goes 
within  a  mile  of  the  great  lAgoon  weft 
(of  the  entrance  of  Penfacola  harbour. 

Peres  Ifiandy  or  Conftautine  Fires t 
«n  the  conft  of  Chili,  .S.  America.  It  is 
.  oppoiite  to  Port  Coral.  On  this  ifland 
is  a  fort  called  Manfera,  and  on  the 
back  of  the  ifland  there  is  aa  entrance 
ibr  boats  into  the  harbour  of  Baldivia. 

Perica,  three  iflands  in  the  bay  of 
Panama,  S.  America;  which  give  fhel- 
ter  to  fliips  out  of  the  command  of  the 
town  of  Panama. 

PERiTAS  IJlanJst  on  the  Spanifh 
Jvlain,  coaft  of  S.  America,  3  leagues 
weftward  of  Ctimana  Bay. 

Perkins,  Port,  lies  on  the  S.  W.  of 
IVaftington's  Ifle,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft 
of  N.  America.    Set  Mag.'^'s  Sound' 

Perkiomy,  a  townftiip  of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  in  Montgomery  co. 

PERtiCAN,  Old,  an  indifferent  fliip 
foad  with  rocky  ground  en  the  £.  coalt 
of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  1  leagues  S. 
W.  bjr  S.  of  Break  Heart  Point.  Sher- 
wick  is  the  name  of  its  N.  point. 

pERLtCAN,  Ne'w,  a  noted  harbour  on 
the  £.  coaft  of  Newfoundland  .*fland, 
». leagues  W.  S.  W.  of  Old  Perlican, 
and  §  leagues,  from  Random  Head.  It 
has  a  wide  and  fafe  entrance,  and  fliips 
mav  ride  in  it  landlocked  from  all  winds 
in  from  10  to  5  fathoms  water. 

Pernambvco,  a  captainfliip  in  the 
northern  divifion  of  Bi'^zil,  whofe  chief 
town  i»  Olinda. 

Pe  R  N  A  M  B  vco,orPi&«rna/n^«r0,other- 
wife  called  Panambuco,  a  place  of  con- 
flderaUi*  trade  on  the  E.  coaft  of  Brazil, 
having  a  bay  or  harbour  of  the  fame 
name ;  fituated  between  Paraiba  on  the 
N.  and  Cape  St.  Auguftinc  on  the  S.  in 
lat.  8.  S.  and  long.  35.  W.  Provifions 
end  other  articles  are  brought  hither 
from  Para,  and  from  hence  great  quan- 
tities of  tobacco  are  fentofFto  Europe. 

PERNAMfiUCoi  a  river  on  the  coaft 
of  Brazil.  S.  America,  fouthward  of 
Tamerica  Ifland.  It  is  blocked  up  with 
fand }  and  fliips  enter  it  from  the  north- 


ward,  at  the  entnuceof  the  Receif  har- 
bour, 3  leagues  from  it.  8.  lat.  8.  30. 
W.  long.  35.  7« 

Perpbtva,  Cape,  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  N.  America.  N.  lat.  44.  6. 
W.  k)n{[.  1x4.  8.  Variation  of  the 
compals  in  the  year  1779,  ^7-  5°'  £• 

PER<iyiMONS,  a  CO.- of  Edcnton  dif. 
triA,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  weft  b/ 
Chowan  co.  and  £.  by  Paf(|uotjnk,  from 
which  laft  it  is  feparateu  by  the  river 
Pafquotank,  a  water  of  Albemarle 
Sound.  It  contains  $,440  inhubitants, 
of  whom  1.878  are  flaves. 

Person,  a  new  co.  in  Hillflioroagh 
diftriA,  N.  Carolina.  The  court-houfe, 
where  a  poft-oiBc;  l»  kept,  is  z6  mil«s 
N.  of  HiUfuurough,  and  34  £.  of  Caf- 
well  New  Court-Houfe. 

PertH'Amboy,  a  city  of  New.Jcr- 
feyi  pleafantly  fituated  in  Middlefex  co. 
at  the  head  of  Rariton  Bay,  and  ftands 
on  a  neck  of  land  included  between  Rari> 
ton  river  and  Arthur  Kull  Sound.  Its 
fcite  is  high  and  healthy.  It  lies  open 
to  Sandy-Hook,  and  has  one  of  the  b^ 
harbours  on  the  continent.  Vefl*els  from 
fea  may  enter  it  in  one  tide,  in  almoft 
any  weather.  It  is  a  port  of  entry  and 
poft-town  i  but  although  it  is  admirably 
fituated  for  trade,  and  the  legiflature 
has  given  every  encouragement  to  in- 
duce merchants  to  fettle  here,  it  is  far 
from  being  in  a  flourlfliing  ftate.-  It 
contains  about  60  houres,and  carries  on 
a  fmall  trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  Its  ex- 
polls  for  a  year,  ending  30th  Sept.  1794, 
were  to  the  value  of  58, 1 59  dolls.  It  is 
35  miles  fouth-v/el^.  of  New- York,  aivi 
74  north-caft  of  Phiiiv'.elphia.  N.  lat, 
40.  35.  W,  long.  74,  50. 

Peru,  a  newtownfliipof  New-York, 
in  Clinton  co.  on  the  weft  fide  of  Lake 
Champlain.  It  was  taken  uom  the 
towns  of  PIattfl)urg  and  Willftiurg, 
and  incorporated  in  1792.  It  is  an  ex- 
cellent traft  of  land,  and  fettling  faO 
In  1796,  there  were,  of  the  inhabitants, 
lao  qualified  ele£lors.  , 

Peru,  a  diftri£lof  S.  America,  aboyt 
1800  miles  in  length,  and  about  530  in 
breadth }  bounded  W.  by  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean;  E.  by  the  Cordillera  de 
los  Andes,  or  Mountains  of  Andes, 
which  feparate  it  from  the  countiy  of 
Amazonia  and  Paraeuay;  N.  by  Terra 
Firma,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  . 
equator  j  and  the  « (th  degree  of  S. 
latitude  feparates  it  nam  Cmli  and  l<a 

Plata 


•  8.  30. 


P  fc  R  ■'' 

FlatR  on  the  S.  It  lie«  between  <omd 
ti  W.  long,  and  it  fubdivided  into  the 
provinces  of  Quito,  Lima,  and  Lot) 
Charcot.  The  chief  townt  are  Quito, 
Payta,  Lima,  Cufco,  Potoii,  and  Porco. 
Frorn  the  fituation  of  thit  country, 
which  is  within  the  torrid  cone,  it  it 
natural  to  iiippofe  that  it  would  be 
almoft  uninhabitable  {' but  the  Andes 
Mountains  being  on  the  one  fnle,  and 
the  South  Sea  on  the  other,  it  it  not  fo 
hot  at  tropical  councriet  in  general  are} 
and  in  feme  parts  it  it  difagreeably  cold. 
In  one  part,  are  mountains  of  a  ftupen* 
dous  height  and  magnitude,  having 
tiieir  fummits  covered  with  fiiow}  on 
the  other,  volcanoes  flaming  within, 
while  their  fummits,  chafms  and  aper- 
tures are  involved  in  ice.  The  plains 
are  temperate  the  beaches  and  vsUies 
hot ;  and  laftly,  according  to  the  dilpo- 
fition  of  the  coimtry,  its  high  or  low  fi- 
tuation,  we  Bnd  all  the  variety  of  grada- 
tions of  temperature  between  the  two 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  It  is  re- 
markable, that  in  feme  places  it  never 
rains,  which  defeft  it  fupplied  by  a  dew 
that  falls  every  night,  and  fuflSciently 
refreflie$  the  vegetable  creation ;  but  in 
'Quito  they  have  prodigious  rains,  attend- 
ed by'  dreadful  Itorms  of  thunder  and 
-lightning.  In  the  inland  parts  of  Peru, 
ami  by  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  the  foil 
itt  ufually  very  fertile;  but  along  the 
feacoaft,  it  is  a  barren  fand.  Vaft 
'numbers  of  cattle  were  imported  by  the 
Spaniards  into  Peru,  when  they  took 
poiTcflion  of  that  country ;  thefe  are 
row  fo  increafed,  that  they  run  wild 
and  are  hunted  like  game.  This  coun- 
try produces  fruits  peculiar  to  the  cli- 
mate and  m.oft  cf  thofe  in  Europe.  The 
culture  of  maize,  of  pimento  and  of  cot- 
ton, which  was  found  eftabliflied  there, 
-has  not  been  neglefled;  and  that  of 
wheat,  barley,  catfava,  potatoes,  fugar, 
and  of  the  olive  and  vine  is  attended  to. 
The  goat  has  thriven  very  well ;  hut 
the  fheep  have  degenerated,  and  their 
wool  is  become  extremtly  coarle.  In 
the  northern  parts  of  Peru  are  feveral 
gold  mines ;  but  thofe  of  filvtr  are 
tbund  all  over  the  country,  particulnriy 
in  the  neighbourhood  ot  Potofi.  Na- 
ture never  afforded  to  the  avJdity  of 
mankind,  in  any  country  on  the  g'obe, 
fuch  rich  m^nes  as  thofe  of  Pctofi. 
Thefe  tamoi  s  mines  were  accidentally 
<difcovered  ii;  the  year  1545,  in  tins 


PER 


'4^ 


manner t  An  Indian,  named  Hnalm, 
one  day  following  fome  deer,  yHfiftOk 
made  dircAly  up  the  hill  of  Potofi,  ctine 
to  a  ftecp  craggy  part  of  the  liilla  and 
the  better  to  enable  him  to  climb  tip^ 
laid  hold  of  a  flirub,  which  came  w  b|^ 
the  roots,  and  laid  open  a  mafa  of  nlvcr 
ore.  He  for  feme  time  kept  it  a  fecnt> 
but  afterwaitl  revealed  it  to  bit-  friend 
Guanca,  who,  becaufe  he  would  not 
difcover  to  him  the  method  of  refinii^ 
it,  acquainted  the  Spniard  hit  mafta-» 
named  Valaroel,  with  the  difcovery. 
Valaroel  regiftered  the  mine  in  1545} 
and  from  that  time  till  i63Sthefe  mine* 
of  Potofi  hadyielded  39  j,6i9,ooo  pieces 
of  eight,  which  is  about  4,«55,ooo 
pieces  a  year.  Potofi  is  about  so  or  af 
leaguet  from  the  city  v ;  La  Plata. 
The  hill,  and  alfo  the  cotintry  for  A 
confiderable  diftance  round,  U  quite  bari' 
ren  and  defart,  and  producea  neither 
tree,  plant  nor  herb,  fo  that  the  inhabi- 
tantt  of  Potofi,  which  it  fitoated  at  ti^ 
foot  of  the  hill,  on  the  fouth  fide,  are 
obliged  to  procure  all  the  neceflhriet  of 
life  from  Peru.  Thefe  minet  begin  to 
decreafe,  and  othert  rife  in  reputation* 
It  is  impdfible  to  afcertain  with  any  de- 
gree ot  precifion  the  number  of  mha. 
bitants  in  Peru.  The  city  oil:  Lima  it 
faid  to  contain  34*000 ;  Guagaquill, 
30,000  {  Potofi,  25,000 }  LaPas,  %o,ooo; 
and  Cuico,  %6,ooo.  Among  all  the  in- 
habitants of  Peru,  pride  and  Taainefs  are 
faid  to  be  the  inoft  predominant  paflTiont. 
Avarice  may  likewife  be  attributed  to 
fume  of  them  with  a  great  deal  of  pro« 
priety.  There  is  very  little  commerce 
in  this  fine  country,  except  in  the  cities 
and  large  towns,  which  are  defcribed 
under  their  refpe£tive  names.  The 
chief  manufactures  are  carried  on  by 
the  Indians;  thefe  confitt  chiefly  of 
leather,  woolkn  and  cotton  (luffs,  and 
earthen  ware  ;  in  the  fabrication  at 
which,  they  are  laid  to  be  peculiarly  in- 
genious. The  Indians  and  Negroes  are 
ibr  bidden,  under  th<t:  fevered  penalties, 
to  intermarry  ;  for  divifion  between 
thefe  two  dalles,  is  the  greatefi  inftru- 
ment,  in  which  the  Spaniards  truft  for 
the  prefervation  of  the  colonies.  Pern 
is  governtd  by  a  viceroy,  who  is  abfo« 
lute;  but  it  being  impoilible  tor  him  to 
fuperintend  the  whole  extent  of  his 
government,  he  delegates  a  part  of  his 
authority  to  the  feveral  audiences  and 
courts,  eftabliOied  at  different  places 

throughout 


f))«pi|9|o«|  ki*^  tfmvffk*^  At  I4mt 
mf^w,«  tr«n4'Mry  court  for  reeeiving  a 
fi^ft,<^  Ui(HPte(!il*  kirid  certein  taiwt  paid 
W  t^,  liKUfUH,  wAioh  Mong  to  th« 
Kwg  9f  ^pain,  Tbcv0  are  certain  wa. 
^rs■i9*h^  $oqntry,  which  in  their  courft 
^ani;ima(Me)  aiiidtountatn^  of  liquid 
IDMtfTt  99M  f«jf!lKy>  mfeinbiiag  pitch 
tmi  l«ri  and  ju4<d  by  Team«m  Yor  the 
<iuvie  Mrpole^  On  the  coa(t  of  Gua- 
faquiU  and  <jiu»tiniala  are  found  a  cer. 
tain  fp^cifa  laf  rnails,  which  yield  the 
(HVfii*  dye  f«  celebrated  by  the  an- 
fifipts«  mi  which^  the  modema  luve 
iMppffffd  to  h3v«  be«Hi  loft.  The  fitell 
that  e«kt«ip)#  them  i$  fixed  to  rooks. 
Weltered  hy  the  l«s»  It  i$  ef  the  fize  of 
^'large  nut.  Varioua  methods  are  ufed 
t»  «xtra^  th>  purple  matter  from  the 
miiMiii  There  is  no  colour  that  can  be 
jeoaapareti  $p  tbi«»  either  in  luftre  or  pei%. 
fnancnce.  Hev9  is  alfo  found  a  new  liib- 
iUMCt  ««l«od  thePlatina.^nd  which  may 
bp  confidereilaa  an,figitb  metal.  In  its 
iiativa  ftalt  it  ie  n»uced  with  gold  nnd 
iron*  «id  this  lutfirft  gave  rile  to  a  fuf- 
jpicioi)  that  it  wa«  nothing  more  than  a 
jwrnbinativn  of  thefetwo  metals ;  but 
J«le  eJipiitfimeijts  of  chymlfts  fully 
ftvw*  that  at  41  a  pure  a»d  limple  me> 
.t*I,  with  i^roperties  peculiar  toitfelf.  It 
MtBot  be  am:6tod  by  any  fimple  acid, 
^>  by  ^ny  known  ^IveAt,  except  the 
«iiua  regia )  it  will  not  tarniih  in  the 
«ir,  neither  will  it  ruft  j  it  unites  to  the 
fixedae^  of  goid,  and  to  the  property  it 
Ina  of  not  being  furceptibie  ef  deftruc- 
^toot  a  hardnefs  almoft  equal  to  that  of 
iron,  ind  a  much  greater  difficulty  qf 
£iik«v.  It  is  of  an  intermediate  colour, 
'Iwtwfen  that  of  ii-on  and  filver;  it  can 
be/orged  and  extended  into  thin  plates; 
mkI  when  diflfolved  in  aqua  regia,  it 
inay  he  made  to  aflume,  by  precipita- 
Hkm*  an  infinite  diveriity  of  colours; 
and  Count  Milby  has  fucceeded  in  va  • 
^ing  thcfe  precipitates  fo  much,  that 
Jtc  bat  t  pioure  painted,  in  the  colour, 
ing  of  which  there  is  fcarce  any  thing 
.btit  platina  made  ufe  of.  Upon  the 
whole,  from  confidering  the  advanta- 
ges of  the  platina,  we  cannot  but  con- 
clude that  this  metal  cieferves,  at  lealV, 
-fiotn  its  fuperiority  to  all  othcra,  to 
ifliare  the  title  of  king  of  metals,  of 
which  pold  has  fo"  lonp  been  in  paffl-f- 
"Con*  The  Peruvian  bark,  fo  famous  at 
pref>mt  for  curing  intermittent  fevers, 
M  lii^ewiie  fvunJ  here    .1  he  tree  from 


PIT 

which  It  is  take*  gr«ws  vpaii  ttif  il«p9 
of  nnountaiiMi,  and  is  about  the.fixeof 
a  cemmon  cherry  tree.  It  ii  di||4n- 
ffoiflied  into  three  kinds ;.  the  red,  yci* 
low*  and  the  white;  but  th«  !*«((  if 
found  to  be  the  beft  and  moft  e(n(aciot|s. 
The  Jefuits  carried  thie  haf  k  to  Rpmc 
as  early  as  1 6)91  hut  the  native*  are 
fuppofcd  to  have  been  acquainte<l  with  its 
medicinal  qualities  i«any  ages  bcleie. 

Pbrvvian*,  tlie  alKwiginal  inhabits 
ants  of  Peru,  is  S.  America,  wjto  were 
the  moft  civiliacd  of  a«y  Indiana  m  i\» 
continent. 

P&taovel,  a  territory  of  8.  Ameri* 
cs,  in  Brafil,  bounded  N.  hy  Dele }  £. 
by  the  S^  Atlantic  Ocean;  S.  by  the 
captainfliip  of  Rio  Grande;  and  W.  by 
Tupuy.     It  contains  mines  of  filver. 

PsT APA,  one  of  tlie  pieaianteft  towns 
ef  Guatimala,  in  New-Spain.  It  is  fi. 
tuated  at  the  wellem  extremity  of  the 
valley  of  Mexico,  « 5  niiles  S.  £.  of  Gua» 
timafa.  There  is  a  rich  iugar  planta- 
tion in  its  vicinity.  ,  n  \ 

Petawontakas,  an  Indian  nation 
formerly  in  alliance  with  the  Hurons. 

PfiTKR's  Ba/ti,  St.  a  large  filhing 
ground  off.  the  8.  end  of  Newfoundland 
Ifiand,  ami  extends  tVom  Cape  Race  to 
St.  Peter's  Iflancl,oppofitePlacentia,  St. 
Mary  and  TrepalTy  Bays.  It  is  i|  de- 
grees of  latitude  m  breadth  on  the  W, 
fide.  From  St.  Peter's  Ifland  it  de- 
creaf^s  A9  it  approaches  Race  Point.  It 
lies  W.  of  the  Great  Rank,  and  has  on 
the  S.  at  a  confiderable  dlftance,  Green 
&nd  Whale  Banks ,  which  ai-c  among  tlie 
fmalleft  on  the  coaft.  It  has  from  45  to 
30  fathoms  water  on  it. 

Peter's  Bay,  St.  on  the  8.  coaft  of 
Cape  Bicum  Ifland,  having  St,  Peter's 
Ifland  at  its  mouth. 

Peter's  fert,  St.  on  the  I/land  of 
Martinico,  in  the  Weft- Indies.  N.  lat, 
14.  4,4.  W.  long.  6t.  IT. 

Petkr's  Harbour,  St.  on  the  N.  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  about  8  leagues  W.  of 
Eaft  Point.  Wert  of  it  are  Anguille 
Bay  and  Port  Chimene. 

PfiTER'8.///Tw«,  5/.  on  the  E.  coaft 
of  Labrador,  lies  round  the  S.  E  point  qf 
Sadel  Bay.  N.  lat.  56.  30.  W.  long. 
60.  42. 

Peter's  7//a«</,  a  fmall  i(le  on  the 
W.  coalt  «f  bt.  John's  Ifland,  near  to, 
and  N.  hy  W.  of,'  Governor's  Ifland, 
in  vlii:  Ran'0vvc(t  {urt  of  lly;  Strait  bo- 

lwe«n 


tWcM  NMr-BhorfWIiek  Md  8h  Jbbn*i 

.  TUttr't  l/laMiSti  ^St.  Pitrrt\  on 
lilfr  AMhern  «i«A(l  df  Ncwfbtindland 
illaiMly  Ui^  8.  ft;  iVi  tof  the  S.  E.  point 
tJ^^WniM  &iy< Mndntor  to»  and  S.  E. 
af«  the  S.  point  oF Mlqfnieien  Iflaitd.  N. 
Mfi  46i  46.  W.  lonjg.  $6f.  17. 

in  ^'he  WcA>Indteii,  ikjMfidiait  bn  Vir- 
gilt  06ida.         •^     ''    ■ 

PetbrVj  5f.  a  hiirWhrat  tht  W. 
tnd  of  ^dney  or  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  is 
a  vitry  tonimodbus  place  for  carrying  dn 
the  filieiy. 

Peter'*,  St  a  totmi  at  »he  fmuhem 
eilttrcffiity  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland.  It 
ftands  on  an  ifthmus  about  half  a  mile 
l>road,  which  feparatet  the  harbour  of 
6t.  Peter  from  the  great  lake  of  that 
name,  alfo  cafTed  Lake  Labrador.  It 
is  about  le  miles  N.  E.  of  Point  Toui. 
loufe.      To  this  harbour  velTelfr  of  the 

E"<ateft  Inirdeii  can  come  with  fafety. 
efore  the  American  revolution,  a  great 
filhery  was  Carried  on  here. 

PsTSR,  Lake  St.  a  part  of  St  Law- 
rince  river j  into  which  empty  from  the 
5.  and  E.  Sorel  river  front  Lake  Ckdrti- 
iiiaif),  the  river  Bt.  Francis,  and  fome 
tinallcr  rivers,  from  the  N.  W.  The 
Mafiiitinongr,  Ortiachis,  Sec.  enter  the 
bite.  The  centre  of  the  l^ke  is  6g 
fiiles  above  Quebec^  and  X05  N.  E.  of 
Kingfton,  at  the  mouth  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Pst^R's  Mountamt  in  Pennfylvania, 
lies  on  Sui(|nehannah  rhrer,  between  Hali> 
fax  and  Harrifbui-g,,  in  Dauphin  Co.. 

Peter*s,  St.  a  river  on  thecoaft  of 
Labrador,  about  4  leagues  from  the 
tfland  of  Belliilc,  in  the  Ih-aits  of  that 
name. 

Peter;  St.  and  S/.  Paul^  a  river  at 
the  bottom  of  the  gulf  of  Campeachy. 
Its  branches  fprm.an  iflind,  called  Ta- 
bafco.  The  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the 
saflei'ft  branch  admits  fmall  veflels..  At 
flood  there  is  from  i.\  to  3  fathoms  wa- 
tvr, ;  nd  ve.-y  gdc '  anchorage  within  the 
bar. 

Peter's,  St.  a  pariihof  9.  Carolina, 
in  Beanfbrt  diftrifr. 

PETER's^  St.  one  of  the  N.  weftem 
branches  of  MilH(ip{M  river,  which  it 
Joins  in  lat.  abnnt  45.  6^  N.  and  long, 
94.  iir.  W.-**«j^r.,  B.  For  other  places 
•amed  Peter  or  Peter's.    See  Pietre. 

PSTERS,  a  totvnOiip  df  Fnuikiin  co. 
ftaaSyXtnTAi.. 


PfeTlRioROt^oH,  ft  peft^towa  )i 
ntlliborough  cb.  NcW^Hiuh^Pttttr/  R 
vatincorpomteif  in  i^dj  aMl^o6|R{Mlltk 
Wt  ihhabitafltii  It  ia  79«iHe8<W:  Ij 
8/ot  ri^.-f-^nithi  it  v^CfUHy  of  Art- 
herft,  I  ft  IB.  01  Keen«t  and  ^9V  fi^ 
Phihtddphia.  lf^^>t^  .ti.  5V.  W.  l^; 

PBT^RSBimot,  a  to^•nfh{p  of  New. 
York,  in  |lMifl^1aer  cd.  tt.  of  the  vil- 
lage of  Trojr,  }n«d>ybniHs.i  in  iM).  Iik 
1796  there-wefe  yi»  of-thei«ihabit<nti 
qualified  eitSloi's. 

PiiTERsAuRc,  ■  poft^townof  Penn- 
fyivania»  in  York  eo.  i  mile*  north  of 
the  Maryland  line.  If  contains  a  Roittaft 
Catholic  church,  and- about  18  houfes. 
It  is  25  miles  fouth-wefl  of  York^ 
To»vn,  59  northerly  of  the  Fedeial  Glty» 
and  X 1 3  weft  by  fiwth  of  Philadeipbla;. 
N.  lat.  J9.  4*.  30'.  W.  long.  77.4. 

Pp.TERSBtJRO,  a'fbndl  townof  K«lu 
tucky,  fituated  in  Woodford  co.  on iH*- 
E.  fide  of  Kentucky  river,  »9  milt*  W, 
S.W.  of  Lexington," and  isronth-foutti. 
eaft  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  tobafcco 
watchoule,  and  a  few  dwelling-houfts. 

PETEftSEtTRG,  7t  poft  tO>Vrt  of  Vir, 

ginia,  and  a  place  of  confiderahle  ti-ade  j 
ntuated  in  Dinwiddie  co.  on  the  foutlu 
eaft  bank  of  Appamato*  river,  juft  fje.- 
low  the  falls,  about  25  miles  Ibuth  0^ 
Richmond.  It  contains  about  306  honfe^^ 
built  irregularly.    The  Free  Mafon""* 
Hall  is  a  handfome  building;  there  ire 
fevcral   tobacco    vvarehonfts,  (lores  of 
dry  goods,  and  fome  few  neat  and  corw- 
modioiis  dwclling-hflulrs^  This  town  \i 
a  corporntion,  and  comprehends  tlte  vil- 
lage of-  Bl:indford,  in  Prince  George's 
cp.   and  Powhatan  in  Chefterfield  coi 
on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the  river.      Tt 
contains  2,^28  inhabitants,   including, 
iii65  (laves.  The  fituatiort  of  the  towii 
is  low  and  rather  unhealthy.    Ffdni  tlie' 
infpeftbr's  books  it  appears,  that  on  an 
average  for  the  laft  10  years,  the  quan- 
tity of  tobacco  rfceiwed  here  has  con- 
fidi^rably   exceeded   ao,ooo   hhds,    per 
annum)  and  for  tlip  hft  three  years  tha^ 
quantity  of  (lour  made  In  this  town  and 
>*ithi':  an  hundred  yards  of  it,  has  ex-, 
ceeded  38,000  barrels;  at  othef  mill*' 
vvlthin  a  ^w  miles,  lO^oOo  bairels  pec 
annum;  to  this  add  the  lour  nlade  at 
the  fcveral  country  mill-^j,  and  brought? 
to  this  place  foi*  (ale,  the  whole  quan- 
tity may  (affcly  bi*    la^ed   to   exceed' 
.  6o,ocia  bartcl*  per  aimuift.    The  wliolS* 

exports^ 


4?o  PET 

export*  of  thti  town,  valued  at  the  iifiial 
peace  piiceS}  amount  to  i>389,3oo  dolls, 
befidcs  the  vaiu  j  of  peach  aiid  apple 
brandiTy  mbiOaejft  tec.  not  included. 
The  Indian  prinoefs*  Pocahontas,  the 
daughter  of  king  Powhatan,  from  whom 
ddcended  the  Randolph  and  Bowling 
fiimilies,  formerly  refided  at  this  place. 
It  is  80  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Noifolk, 
159*  S.  by  W.  of  AlexanJriai  and  303 
fouth  -welt  by  fouth  of  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  37.  14.  W.  long.  78.  8. 

Petersburg,  a  very  ftouW '  'ng 
poll  wn  of  Oeorgii,  in  F  ISei"*  t  •  '  'i 
a  pleasant  and  healthful  1.  .jation,  ca  tu, 
point  of  bnd  formed  by  the  con  '^ucittc ' 
of  Broad  with  Savannah  river,  ueven. 
refpe^lable  merchants  are  fettled  in  this 
town.  It  is  1 5  miles  from  Elbcrton,  ao 
N.  by  E.  of  Wafiungton,  50  above  Au- 
;u(la,  7}N.  ofLouifviiie,  and  836  from 

hiiadtlphia.  N.  lat.  33.  46.  W.  long. 
ti.  3«. 

Petersham,  a  flourifhing  and  pica- 
£mt  townfliip.in  Worceder  co.  Maflk- 
chufettSy  formerly  called  by  the  Indians 
Nicbrwaug ;  fitaated  28  miles  N.  W. 
of  Worcefter,  and  6^  W.  of  Bofton. 
Swift  river,  a  branch  of  Chickopee  river, 
pafles  through  this  town.  The  foil  is 
rich  and  fertile,  and  here  are  large  and 
excellent  orchards. 

Petit  Anse,  a  village  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  a| 
leaeiies  fbuth  of  Cape  Francois. 

FETitcodiak,  a  river  which  fells 
into  an  arm  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  called 
ChegneAo  Channel.  The  Indians  have 
%  communication  from  the  head  of  it 
with  St.  John's  ri  \.r,  by  a  portage  a- 
crofs  to  the  head  of  Kennebecfms. 

P  E  tit-  G  o  u  F  R  E ,  or  the  Little  Whirl- 
feotf  inMifllHppi  river,  is  31  miles  from 
Fort  Rolalie,  and  4  miles  from  Bayouk 
Pierre,  or  Stony  river. 

Petit  Guaves,  or  Goave,  a  jurif- 
^ftion,  town,  and  bay,  on  the  N.  coaft  of 
die  S.  peninfulaof  the  ifbnd  of  St. Domin- 
go, and  near  the  head  of  the  Bay  or  Bite 
vf  Leogane.  The  juiifdiAion  contains 
S  parifties,  and  is  the  unhealthieft  place 
in  the  colony,  the  inhabitants  being  con- 
Ihntiy  liibje^  to  fevers,  occafioned  by 
the  badnel's  of  the  waters.  Its  depen-, 
dencies,  however,  are  healthy,  and  are 
xemarkable  for  the  culture  of  coffee. 
Its  exports  from  January  i,  1789,  to  De- 
cember 3 1 ,  of  the  fame  year,  were  27,090 
lb.  white  fugar — 6j5fi87  lb«  brown 


PE  Y 

fugar— 807,865  lb.  coffM— 50*053  lb. 
cotton,  and  aio  lb.  Indigo.  The  value 
of  duties  on  cxpcrtation  of  the  ahove, 
was  4, 1 S7  dollars  97  cents.  Tht  town 
lies  on  the  E.  fide  of  the  bay,  \i  leagues 
weftward  of  Grand  Guave,  and  14^  W. 
by  S.  of  Poit-au  Prince.  N.  lat.  18. 
17.  W.  long,  from  Paris,  75. 14.  Some 
wri^e:  <^  cull  the  great  bay,  which  is  com- 
mcniy  called  the  Bay,  Bight,  or  Bite  of 
Ltogane,  by  the  name  of  Petit  Guaves. 

PETr''PoRT,onthe  W.  fide  of  New. 

fov>  '.ian    Ifland,  towards  the  S.  enJ| 

'  cii^  ;i{  leagu'-s  N.  of  '^ape  Ray, 

svA  on*:  a.  of  Anguille  Cape.    N.  lat. 

•u: .  '-I.  30.  W.  long.  59.  1 5. 

i'fiiT  Port,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
o*hei*w.K  Med  Portele,  or  Little  Port, 
lies  a  fliort  w.  y  northward  of  the  equator, 
and  about  5  leagues  to  the  S.  E.  within 
the  bay|from  Cape  Fran(;ois  to  Cape  Paf. 
fado  on  the  S.  by  W.  There  is  anchor* 
age  in  5  fathoms,  and  plenty  of  fre(h 
water  near  the  head  land,  which  is  high. 
It  is  neceffary  to  found,  on  account  of 
the  fand-banks,  called  the  Portetes.  ,' 

Petit  Terrk  IJland,  near  Defeada, 
in  the  Weft-Indies.  N.  lat.  16.  14. 
W.  long.  61.  II. 

Petite  Rive  re,  a  fmall  town  in 
the  French  iiart  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, dole  to  theSpanifli  divifion  line, 
1^  leagues  N.  by  N.  W.  of  Varettes, 
and  feparated  from  it  by  the  river  Arti- 
bonitc}  10  leagues  IS.  by  N.  of  St. 
Marc,  and  as  hv  si,  W.  of  Mirebalais. 
Nk  lat.  19.  8.  W.  long,  from  Paris, 
74.  48. 

Petit  Trou,  Is  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  fuuth  peninfula  of  the  ifland  ef  St. 
Domingo,  on  the  point  of  land ,  which 
forms  the  eaft  fide  of  the  entrance  into 
the  Bay  of  Baradaires }  4^  leagues  weft- 
ward  of  Anfe  a  Veau,  and  19  eaflerly  of 
Jeremie. 

Petit  Trot;,  a  fmall  cove  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
S.  by  W.  of  the  mouth  of  Neybc  river, 
and  about  5  leagues  N.  E.  of  Beate  Ifl- 
and. Small  barks  come  to  this  place 
from  St.  Domingo  city,  to  fetch  the 
meat,  lard,  and  fowls  derived  from  the 
chafe. 

PETT<iyOTTiNO,  a  river  of  the  N. 
W.  Territory,  which  empties  into 
Lake  Erie,  from  the  fouth,  near  Huron 
river. 

Peyton  SB  VRC,  the  chief  town  of 
Halifax  co.  Virginia,  having  a  court- 

houfc 


PHILADELr 

ly  cultivated  co 
edW.  byD  .aw 
gotneryi  N.   f" 
which  frparatu '  ' 
8.  and  S.  E. 


k^/^ 


houfe  and  5  or  6  other  houfes,  three  of 
wblcti  art  ordinaries  or  taverns. 

Philadklphia,  a  townlhip  in  Rut- 
land co.Vermorr,  about  15  milfy  E.  of 
Orwell.     It  CO    .tins  39  inhahitnnts. 

.,  a  populous^nd  hi^h- 
Firv.aylvania,  boun'' 
j-eco.  N,  W.  by  Mont- 
by  Poquafiu  Cre°.k, 
'tfrom  "^'Uck's  co.  avd 
/  the  river  Delaware, 
w'Mch  d'videt  it  from  the  Sute  of  Nev 
Jciiey.  Itcontai.is  ab^v;t  89>o^acic;», 
and  is  divided  into  is  townlhips.  On 
the  banks  of  Schuylkill,  in  chis  -.ounty, 
IS  an  excellent  quarry  of  marble^  from 
which  th?  ttonc-cutters  of  Philadelphia 
are  I'upplied.  It  contains,  beiides  Phila- 
delphia, its  capiraS  tifiy  inhabitanta, 
if  whom  1 14  are  llavefi. 

Philadelphia,  the  metropolis  of 
Pennfylvania,  and  ihe  prefent  feat  of 
the  government  of  the  United  States,  is 
fituated  in  the  county  to  which  it  gives 
name,  on  the  wedern  bank  of  the  river 
Delaware,  which  is  here  a  mile  broad. 
It  lies  in  lat.  «<).  56.  54 .  N.  and  long.  75. 
8.  45.  W.  fum  London;  diftant  about 
120  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  by 
thecourfeofthebay  and  river,  and  a- 
bout  5  5  or  60  in  the  fouth-eaftwsutd  direc- 
tion. A  74  gun  (hip  can  come  up  to 
this  city }  floops  go  3  5  miles  farther  to 
Trenton ;  and  boats  tliat  carry  8  or  9 
tons  can  go  100  miles  farther  vp  the 
Delaware.  It  was  laid  out  by  William 
Penn,  the  firft  proprietary  and  founder 
of  the  province,  in  the  year  1683,  and 
fettled  by  a  colony  worn  England, 
which  arrived  from  that  and  the  preced- 
ing years,  add  was  increafed  by  a  con- 
ftant  and  regular  influx  of  foreigners, 
to  fo  great  a  degree,  that  in  lefs  than 
a  century,  and  within  the  lifetime  of 
the  iirll  perfon  bom  within  it  of  Euro- 
pean parents,  it  was  computed  to  con- 
tain 6,000  houfes,  and  40,000  inhabi- 
tants, in  the  city  and  fuburbs.  The 
ground  plot  (^  the  city  is  an  oblong 
£iuare,  aboitt  one  mile  N.  and  S.  and 
two  E.  and  W.  lying  in  the  narrowed 
part  of  the  ifthmus  between  the  Dela- 
ware and  Schuylkill  rivers,  about  5 
miles  in  a  right  line  above- their  conflu- 
ence. In  the  beginning  of  thi«  fettle- 
ment,  it  was  expt:<^ed  that  tlie  fronts 
on  both  rivers  would  be"  firft  improved 
tor  the  convenience  of  trade  and  navi- 
gation, 9Qd  that  the  buildings  would 


PHI  4ji 

extend  gradually  in  the  rear  of  each* 
until  they  would  meet  and  form  <we 
towD,  extending  from  E.  to  W.  But 
it  WIS  foon  found  that  the  Delaware 
froni'  was  'Aatr:  fuflicient  for  quays  and 
Irndii.ij-pla.cs.  The  buildmgs  now 
occupy  a  ipace  not  cxceedmg  3  miles 
mlensth  from  N.  S.  and  in  the  meft 
extended  part  do  a^i  reach  a  mile  from 
the  Delaware.  The  city  is  interfered 
by  a  grc-t  mimber  of  ftreets,  croflii^ 
each  other  at  right  angles.  Of  tliefc 
there  were  oiiginally  9,  wliich  extaid- 
ed  from  the  Delaware  to  the  Schuylkill  j 
thefe  were  crofled  by  13,  ninning  N. 
and  S.  TheE.  and  W.  Greets,  except 
High-flreet,  aie  named  after  the  trees 
firft  found  bj'  the  colony  on  their  arri- 
val in  the  country,  viz.  Vine,  Saflafras* 
Mulberry,  ClicliHit,  Walnut,  SprtKe, 
Pine,  and  Cedar}  which  laft  is  the 
foutliem  boundary  of  the  city.  The 
ftreets  running  N.  and  S.  receive  their 
names  fi-om  their  numerical  order,  be- 
gjinning  at  Delaware  river )  Front  it 
Firflt  then  Second,  and  foon  to  ThirtieitA 
ftreet,-  whence  the  numerical  order 
ceaftis  from  Delaware  front,  and  begint 
at  Schuylkill  in  the  fame  order,  as  Firfl* 
Second,  &c.  to  the  Eight-ftreet,  between 
which  and  Thirteenth- ftieet,  is  Broad" 
ftreet,  fo  named  from  its  being  the 
wideil  in  the  city.  The  ntnnber  «f 
fquares  in  the  original  plan  was  184J 
but  asfeveral  ofthe  fquareshave  'atd^ 
been  interfefled  by  new  ftreets,  tlieir 
number  now  amount«  to  304 ;  and  &*■ 
veral  of  thefe  are  again  interie£ted  \3j 
lanes  and  all^s.  Broad-ftreet  is  tif 
feet  wide;  High-ftreet  too;  Mulbeny* 
60 ;  and  the  other  ftreets  in  the  originid 
plan  50  feet  wride.  Moft  of  the  city  it 
well  paved  with  neatiVotpathtof  brick, 
furniftied  with  common  fewers  and  gut- 
ters i  fo  that  the  ftteett  are,  in  genera)* 
kept  very  clean  and  neat.  BeHdes  the 
ftreets  already  mentioned,  there  are 
feveral  others  not  laid  down  in  tlie 
original  plan,  as  Water,  Dock,  Clieny* 
Penn,  Prune,  fifc.  Water-ftreet  it  m\f 
%o  feet  wide,  and  extends  fixnn  tiie 
Northern  Liberties  acrofs  the  Dock^  M 
Pine- ftreet,  parallel  to  the  courfe  of  tfce 
Delaware,  and  between  it  and  front- 
ftreet.  The  fpace  occupied  by  it  was 
intended  in  the  original  plan  to  lenre 
only  as  a  cart- way  to  accommodate  tbe 
wharves  and  ftores,  fo  that  the  river 
Ihould  be  open  to  the  view , from  Front- 

fixeet. 


♦t» 


l»HI 


It  {«  now  built  with  1<ifty  faottfei 
fwccfit  ■  very  f«w  vacanciei  here  and 
iWe)  throaghout  tlie  whole*  front,  and 
•OMMMdiotM  wiMrves  artr  rxi«nded  into 
the  river,  at  which  the  larg^eft  (hip* 
lb«tif(e  the  port  caii  lie  in  Tafetyt  to 
leceive  and  dilicharge  their  cargoes } 
and  are  ileftndcd  from  the  ice,  in  win- 
ter,  by  the  piers,  made  of  logs,  extend- 
ins  into  the  river,  fniik.  with  ftone,  and 
micd  with  earth.  To  as  to  be  equally 
Arm  with  the  main  iami.  Dock-ftreet 
was  fbrnnerly  a  fwamp,  with  a  fmall 
ilream  running  throdgh  the  middle  of 
it.  It  is  Aom  90  to  100  t'cct  wide,  and 
winds  north  weftward  in  a  terpentine 
track,  through  feveral    ftreets. .  It   is 

Slanted  on  each  fule  with  a  row  of 
.ombardy  poplars,  and  promifes  to  be 
oneof  the  pleitranttft  ih'eets  in  the  city. 
No  lei's  than  66i  lumps  of  two  branches 
each,  difpoled  at  convenient  diftances, 
in  nil  parts  of  the  city,  are  lighted  every 
iright,  and  are  edimated  to  conliime 
annually,  nearly  9,000  gallons  of  oil. 
The  honfes  in  the  city  and  fuburbs,  are 
generally  of  bi-ick,  three  (lories  high, 
in  n  plain  neat  ftyie,  without  much  dif- 
p!ay  of  ornament.  The  general  height 
ofthe  ground  on  which  the  city  ftands, 
ts  nearly  40  feet  above  the  Delaware ; 
hut  (bme  of  the  ih'eets  are  confiderably 
lower,  particularly  Water  ftreet ;  feve- 
ral  ftores  in  which  have  fometimes  re- 
vived much  damage  when  the  river 
ttappcne('  to  be  raifed  by  a  high  flood, 
and  a  (trong  fouth-eaftwind.  Here  are 
47  places  ot  public  worihip,  viz.  5  for 
FriL-nds  or  Quakers,  6  for  the  Preibyte- 
rlans  and  Sccedcrs,  3  forEpilcopalians, 
J  for  Roman  Catholics,  a  for  Germ?.ii 
Lutherans,  t  for  Mcthodifts,  1  for  Ger- 
man Calvinilis,  1  for  Swediih  Lutherans, 
Tvhich  Is  the  oldeft  church  in  town,  j 
for  the  Moravians,  1  for  Baptlfts,  i  for 
All  kcans,  ai.^  a  Jewilh  fynagogue.  The 
iirrt  Preibyterian  church  is  iinilhed  with 
ft  degree  of  elegance  that  would  do 
honour  to  any  city  in  Europe.  The 
roof  is  iiipported  in  front  by  fix  pillars, 
^nifned  in  the  Corinthian  order ;  but 
OS  it  (lands  in  an  okfcurc  place,  on 
the  fouth  (ide  of  Market-llreet,  it  is 
fecn  to  difadvantage.  The  German 
Lutheran  church,  which  was  built  not 
many  ytars  fmce,  was  unfortunately 
bui  nt  in  the  winter  of  1 795.  The  new 
building,  now  nearly  finiOied,  is  108 
feet  by  4  S  J  and  when  completed  will 


bt  one  of  the  handlbmeft  chnrrhct  Itf 
the  United  States.  Mr.  D.  Tanehernr, 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  United 
Brethren,  at  Letia,  a  man  of  cxtraonli* 
nary  mechanical  genius,  comuleted  and 
ercaed  •  large  organ  fo*-  this  church, 
but  it  received  much  injury  when  th< 
roof  and  infide  of  the  budding  were 
confumcd,  before  the  pipes  conld  be  dif- 
engaged.  Chrtft  Church  (lands  on  the 
weft  (idle  of  Second- ftreet,  between 
High  and  Mulbei'17  ftreets.  It  is  an 
old  Gothic  ftruAure,  and  is  ornameneed 
with  a  handfome  fl«eple,  and  fuinidied 
with  a  chime  of  bells.  The  fecond 
Preibyterian  church,  at  tlie  corner  of 
Mulberry  and  Third  ftreets,  is  alfo 
ornamented  with  a  handfome  fteep'e. 
The  Epifcopalian  churches  are  i'ur- 
niflu'd  each  with  an  organ,  as  are  the 
German,  and  two  of  the  Roman  Ca-  , 
tholic  churches.  The  African  church 
is  a  large,  neat  building.  It  ia  fun. 
plied  with  a  negro  clergyman,  wno 
has  been  lately  ordained  by  the  hifliop. 
They  are  of  the  Epifcopalian  order. 
The  other  public  buildings  are,  a  State- 
houfeand  o(Iices,two  city  court- houfes, 
a  county  court- houfe,  an  univeriity,  the 
philofophical  fuciety's  hall,  a  public  li- 
brary,  an  hofpital,  difpeni'ary,  an  alml- 
hcule,  a  gaol,  three  incorporated  banks, 
two  dramatic  theatres,  a  medical  thea- 
tre, a  laboratory,  an  amphitheatre,  3 
brick  market  houCes,  and  one  which  is 
to  be  erefted  in  Front-ftreet,  in  the 
Northern  Liberties,  a  fi(h  market,  a 
houfe  of  correal  ion,  and  a  powder  ma<- 
gazine  which  contains  often  upwards  of 
50,000  quarter  ca(ks  of  gun-poWder. 
The  ftate  houTe  ftands  on  the*  S.  fide 
of  Chefnut-ftreet,  between  Fifth  and 
Sixth  ftreets,  and  was  ere6led  about  thi 
year  1753 ;  and  conltdering  the  infancy 
of  the  colony,  the  architeaure  is  much 
admired.  71)6  ftate-houfe  garden  oc- 
cupies a  whole  fquare }  it  is  a  fmnll 
neat  place,  ornamented  with'  feveral 
rows  of  trees  and  gravel  walks,  and 
incloled  by  a  high  brick  wall  on  thn-^ 
(ides,  and  the  ftate-houfe,  &c.  on  thi 
other.  Pottersiield,  formerly  a  public 
burying  ground,  is  now  converted  into 
a  public  walk,  and  planted  with  rows 
of  Lombardy  poplars  on  each  fide< 
When  the  trees  are  grown,  and  the 
ground  levelled,  it  will  be  one  of  the 
moft  pleafant  proYnenadcs  in  the  Vici- 
nity^    The  legiftature   of  the  United 

Statea 


Chfirrhc*  ti 
Tanvheriert 
th*  United 
ofcxtraonlU 
mulcted  ind 
thu  churcli, 
ry  when  tht 
jildine  wert 
onldhe  dif* 
andt  on  the 
et,    between 
It  U  an 
oiTiamenecd 
ind  fuininied 
The  fecond 
te  corner  of 
lets,    is   alfo 
fotne  fteeple. 
let    are  t'ur< 
as  are  the 
Roman  Ca- 
Frican  choich 
It  ia  Ibp. 
gyman,    who 
y  the  hiftiop. 
palian  order. 
8  are,  a  State- 
court-  houfes, 
Jtiiverfity,  the 
I,  a  public  li. 
ary,  an  almf- 
loratetl  banks, 
medical  thea- 
iphitheatre,  3 
one  D»hich  is 
Ireet,   in    the 
(h  market,  a 
I  powder  m*. 
en  upwards  of 
gun- powder, 
n  the*  8.  fide 
en   Fifth  and 
Eled  about  thi 
g  the  infancy 
nure  is  much 
fe  garden  oc- 
it  is  a  fmnll 
with'  feveral 
1  walks,  and 
wall  on  thrr^ 
!,  Sec.  on  thi 
iferiy  a  public 
onverteu  into 
ed  with  rows 
m    eacli  fide, 
wn,  and  th« 
e  one  of  the 
I  in  the  vitl- 
)f  the  United 
States 


?  H  I 

JMatn  hold  their  fcflions  in  tn  elegant 
biiildii^in  the  N.  W.  comer  of  the 
flate  hmife  yard.  In  the  N.  E.  corner 
of  the  yard,  adjoining  the  lefit  wing  of 
Mm  llate-houfej  is  the  town-hall  or 
new  oourt-hou(e{  S.  of  which  ii  the 
fhilolbphical    hall.     Here   Mr.    Peal 


phibfophicil  fociety.'  It  id  the-  iargell 
coileAion  of  natural  curiofities  that  is  to 
be  found  in  America .  Irl  i t  are  400  ipe- 
cies  of  biixls,  fome  living  animals,  iec, 
Oppofite  the  Philofophical  hall  is  the 
Pniladelphia  libhiryt  thefe  add  much 
to  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the 
fijuare.  The  Philadelphia  library  ori. 
^mated  with  Dr.  Franklin,  and  was  in- 
corporated in  ■74t«  fmce  which  time 
the  colle£lidn  of  books  lias  beeh  greatly 
augmented.  At  prefent,  it  contains  up- 
wards of  1 1,000  volumes,  befides  a  mu- 
feum  and  a  i'aluable  philolophical  ap- 
}>aratu>.  It  is  dpen  ever'  day  in  the 
week,  except  Sunday ;  ajid  any  perfon 
who  has  an  inclination  or  tufte  tor  read- 
ing may  here  indulge  or  improve  either 
io  great  advantage:  The  library  is  fur- 
nilhed  with  tables aiid  Teats;  andaftran- 

!|er,  without  any  introdudlion,  may  call 
or  any  book  lie  wantt,  arid  lit  down 
luid  perufe  it  as  long  aft  he  pleafe«l. 
Thole  who  piefer  theii*  chambers   to 
read  in,  may  receive  books  but  of  the 
library,  by  leaving  a  depofiC,  aft  feturity 
for  the  return  ot  them,  and  paying  a 
moderate  fum  for  the  ut'e  of  them.   The 
proprietors  amouiit  to  feveral  hundreds, 
and  each  liibicriber  pays  ten  (hillings 
annually,   for  defraying  expences  and 
jnaking  new  addition^.     To  the  library 
18  annexed  a  rare  and  valuable  colle6^ion 
of  bookft,  the  bequell  of  James  Logan, 
£fq.  to  the  public:     The  building  be- 
longing to  the  Library  Company  is  re- 
markably clegilntj  aiid  has  a  fine  ap- 
^arance.     In  front  of  the  bti  tiding,  in 
a  nich  over  the  door^  is   a  handfume 
ilatue  of  Dr.  Franklin,  the  donation  of 
William  Bingham,  Efq.  to  the  company. 
It  is  of  white  marble,  was  executed  in 
Italy,  and  is  laid  to  have  colt    500I. 
The   public  gaol  ftands   in    the  next 
fquare',  fouth  of  the  ftate-houle  yard. 
It  is  a  hullow  iquare,  1 00  feet  in  hvnt, 
built  of  (tone,  three  ftories  high.     All 
the  apartments  are  !>rched  with  ftone, 
as  a  precaution  agaiiift  fire;  and  it  is 
the  largelt,  ftrongeft,  and  neateft  build 


To  the  goal  is  annexed  a  worii-hod«» 
with  J  .rdft  to  keep  the  fcxe*  a^rt,  and 
criminala  from  the  debtort.  Thei*  aitt 
alfo  apartments  lately  added  for  the  A»- 
litarv  confinement  of  criminals.  Tl^ 
whole  is  fecurely  incbfied  hf  ftone  walls. 

^ The  market-houfe,  in  Hijgb-ftrectf  it 

keeps  his  mufeiim,  by  ptemilflion  of  the    perhaps  exceeded  by  none  in  the  world* 
_i.:i-/-_-ur-.i  i-_-!  ...     ..  r.  .1.    I /I    IP  the  abundance,  neatneft  and  variety 

of  provifions,  which  are  expofed  for  fale 
every  Wednefday  sind  Saturday.  Butch- 
ers' meat  and  vegetables  may  be  had 
any    other  day.  except  Sunday.     Jt 
extends  from   F,oDt  to  Fourth-ftreet* 
and  is  fupported  by  360  pillars.     The 
new  theatre  in  Chefnut-ftrect,  near  the 
itate-houfe,   is   large  and  convenient. 
It  was  Uniihed  in  179^.    Ftirther  weft, 
is  a  fpacious  building,  intended  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  Prefidcnt  of  the 
United  States,  but  is  not  occupied  by 
him;     bppolite  to  the  new  theatre  i$ 
the    amphitheatre^    wherein   feats   of 
horftmanfliip    are,  at  certain  feafons* 
performed  with  great  dexterity,  for  the 
amufcment.of  thfc  citi;i,^ns.     It  is  a 
large  commodious  building;    The  unt- 
verfity  ftands  on  the  weft  l^e  of  Fourth- 
ftrett,   between    High    and    Mulberry 
ftreets;     It  was  formed  by  the  union  of 
two  literary  inftitutions,  which  had  pre- 
vloully  exifted  a  confiderable  time  in 
Philadelphia,    one  deilgnated    by   the 
above  name ;  the  other,  by  that  of  the 
college,  academy  and  charitable  fchooli 
of  Philadelphia.     They  now  conftitute 
a  very  refpedablefeminary.    It  was  in« 
corporated  in  i79i.     The  philolophi- 
cal apparatus^  which  was  before  very 
complete,  has  been  lately  increafed  to 
tlie  value  of  feveral  hundred  pounds. 
The  funds  of  the  univerlity  produce 
annually,  a  revenue  of   about  t,i6sU 
The  aggregate  number  of  ftudents,  in 
the  Icveial  ichools,  is,  on  an  average, 
about  CIO.    And  the  number  ufualiy  ad- 
mitted to  degrees  in  each  year,  about  25. 
The  Friends'  academy  and  Young  La« 
dies*  academy,  are  alio  refpe^lable  and 
uleful  eftablimments.     The  chief  litera- 
ry and  humane  focieties  nre  the  Ameri- 
can philolophical  fociety  ;   the  cc  ilege 
of  phylicians  ;  the  fociety  for  prontot- 
ing  political  inquiries ;  the  Pcnnfylva- 
nia  hofpital;  tlie  Philadelphia  dilpen- 
fary ;  the  Pennfylvania  fociety  for  the 
abolition  of  flavery ;  the  fociety  for  alle- 
viating the  mil'eries  of  prifons ;    the 
In;  of  tift  Jiiixl  m  the  United  Starts.    Pemifylvauia  fociety  for  the  eocourage- 

*     £e  ment 


4J4  f  H  I 

ment  oftmuufiAnrci  and  ufeful  artii 
the  Philadelphia  fociety  for   the   in- 
fermatien  and  afnftaiice  of  etnigmnti, 
ind  two  other  focictiei  of    the  fame 
kind  {  one   for  the  relief  of  German, 
and  another  for  the  relief  of  Irifli  emi 
gianti  I  and  an  humane,  an  agricultu- 
ral* marine,  and  v.irioui  charitable  ict'tc- 
tie*.     Here  it  a  Grand  Lodge  of  Free 
and  Accepted  Malbns,  and  8  fuboidi- 
itate  imlgrt.    The  Infurance  Company 
of  N.  America,  lately  eftahlifhed  here, 
ia  in   high  repute,  and  infure  houfei, 
goods,  kc.  againft  fire,  on  very  reafon- 
able  termi.     Few  cities  in  the  world  of 
the  fame  population  and  riches  as  Phi- 
ladelphia, are  better  provided  with  ufe- 
ful inftitutions,  both  public  and  private. 
There  are  alio  a  fufficii*nt  number  of  a- 
cademies  for  the  Snftni£lion  of  both  fex- 
•a.    Almoft  every  religious  fociety  has 
ene  or  more  fchtiols  under  its  immedi- 
ate direAion,  where  children  belonging 
to  the  fociety  are  taught  to   read  and 
write,  and  are  fumilhed  with  books  and 
ftatioiiary  articles.  In  the  city  sind  fub- 
urbs  are  lo  rope- walks  which  manu- 
iiiAure  about  800  tons  of  hemp  aunual- 
iy— 1}  breweries,    which  are  faid  to 
confume  50,000  bufliels  of  barley  year- 
ly—6  fugar-tioul'es— 7  hair-powder  ma- 
nufaAohes  in  and  about  town— a  rum 
diftilleries,  aixi  one  redifying(IMlillery 
—three  card -manufaftorics.    The  othir 
manufa^oiies  are,  15  for  earthen-ware 
—6   for  chocolate— 4  for  muDard— 3 
for  cut-nails,  and  one  for  patent-nails— 
one  tor  (leel— «ne  for  aqua-fortis— one 
forfal-ammoniac,andglauber-fahs— one 
for  oil  colours— >i  1  for   hrtifties- 1  for 
buttons— one  for  Morocco  leather,  and 
one  for  parchment ;    befides  gim-ma- 
kers,  copper-fmiths,  hatters,  tm  plate- 
vrorkers,  coach-maker8,cabinet-  makers, 
and  a  variety  of  others.     The  public 
mint,  at  which  the  national  money  is 
joined,  is  in  this  city.    The  great  num- 
ber of  paper  mills  in  the  State  enable 
the  printers  to  carry  on  their  bufmei's 
more  extenilvcly  than  is  done  in  any 
other  place  of  America.     There  are  31 
printiiig-ofBces   in  this  city  4   four  of 
thefe  puhlidi  each  a  daily  gazette ;  two 
others  publilh  ga2ettes  twice  a  week ; 
one  of  theie  is  in  the  French  language  { 
beitdes  two  weekly  papers,  one  of  which 
is    in    the    German    langunge.     The 
other  offices  are  employed  in  printing 
bouks,  pamphlets,  ^c.    The  catalogue 


PHI 

of  books  for  flilc  in  this  city,  contahil 
upwaixls  of  100  fets  of  Philadtlphia 
editions*  befuies  a  greater  variety  of 
maps  and  charts  than  is  to  be  found 
any    where  *\(k    in    America.     The 

ftleafure- carriages  within  tke  city  and 
ih^rties,    according   to   enumeration, 
are  as  follow,  via.  two  wheeled  car. 
riages,  s  5) )  I'ght  wagf^ns,  lo }  coach- 
es, t]7(  phaetons,  is  I  chariots,  3$) 
and  coachces,  ))  )  tl^  whole  aanounthig 
to  307    four-wheeled  carriages.    The 
roads  are  good,  and  becoming  better } 
Itagc- coaches  perform  the  journey  from 
this  city  to  Laocatter  in  s  1  hours,  on 
the  new  turnpike  road  t  the  diftance  is 
J 8  miles.    This  city  is  governed  by  a 
mayor,  recorder,  1 5  aldermen,  and  30 
common  council-men  {  according  to  its 
prcfent  charter,  granted  in  the  year  1789. 
The  mayor,  recorder,  t  aldermen,  and 
1 6  common  council  men  make  a  quorum 
to  tranl'aft  bunnefs )  they  have  full  power 
to  conftitute  and  oidain  laws  and  ordi- 
nances for  the  governing  of  the  city }  the 
mayor,  recorder,  and  aldermen  ans  juf. 
tices  of  the  peace,  and  juftices  of-  oyer 
and  terminer.    They  hold  a  court  four 
times  a  year,  to  take  cognizance  ot  all 
crimes  aiul    mifdemeanors    committed 
within  the  city  |  two  aldermen,  appoint- 
ed by  the  mayor  and  recorder,  hold  a 
court  on  the  forenoon  of  Monday  and 
Thurlday  of  every  week,  to  judge  of  all 
matters  which  are  cognizable  before  a 
juftice  of  the  peace.    The   trade   of 
Pennfylvania  is  principally  carried  on 
from  this  city,  and  there  are  few  com- 
mercial ports  in  the  world,  where  fliips 
from  Philadelphia  may  not  be  found  la 
fomefealbnot  the  ycM-,     The  number 
of  veflels  which  entered   :his  port  in 
1786,  was  9 10  {  in  1787,  870 }  in  1788, 
851  }  in  i793>  1, 4 1 4«  of  which  477  were 
ihips;  in  1795,  1,610,  viz.  fltips,  158} 
barks    and  inows,  s6 }    brigs,    450 ) 
fchooners,  506 )    (loops,  480.    Clear, 
ances,  1,780.     It  is  not  mentioned  how 
many  of  tfiefe    were   coalting  vefl&ls. 
The  number  of  vefli^ls  built  m  1795, 
was  31,  of  which  t%  were  fliipa  and 
brigs.     In  the  year  1792,  Philadelphia 
fliippt-d  4x0,000  bairels  of  flour  and 
middlings}    in   1794,  300,751.     The 
value  of  the  exports  from  the  State  in 
theyear  ending  September  30, 1791,  was 
3,436,091  dollars    58    cents  {    1791, 
3,810,661  dollars;    1793,  6,958,836 
doUars}  1794,  6.643,092  dollars;  1795, 

>i,5i8,a69 


?H1 

tiiSit,^6e  dollars.  The  fickneft  In  th« 
autumn  of  17031  and  the  embargo  in  the 
fpring  followmfTt  interrupted  the  com- 
merce of  Philadelphia  for  nearly  five 
month*.    The  txifttng  war  hat  ncca- 
fioncd  Tome  TXtrjordiAary  article*  in  the 
exportation  of  4ate  {  coffee,   8tt.  hare 
been  carried  to  Philadelphia,  and  from 
thence  to  Hamburg,  ai  neutral  porti. 
The  environ*  of  the  vity  are  very  plea- 
fant,  and  finely  cultivated.  In  the  north- 
ward  are  KenUngton)  near  the  Aihurb* 
on  De1aware>  noted  for  (hip- building) 
Oermantown,  a  populou*,  neat  village 
with  a  German  churche*  |  and  Frank- 
fort, another  pretty  village,  both  vvithin 
9  milet>  befide*  many  countrv-feat*.  In 
the  fouth  i*  Derby,  a  fmall  pleafant  bo- 
rough>  about  >j  mile*  diftant )  and,  on 
SchuylkiH,  4  mile*  from  the  city,  the 
botanical  garden  of  MeflTr*.  Bartram*. 
In  the  weft,  on  the  fame  river,  18  acre* 
of  ground  have  been  lately  deftined  for 
ft  public  botanical  garden.     According 
to  a  lift  pnblifhed  of  the  birth*  and 
death*  in  the  fevend  religiou*  Ibcieties 
of  Philadelphia,  it  appears  that  trom 
Auguft  I,  i79«,to  Augtift  I,  1793,  the 
birth*  amounted  to  1,5 1 1,  and  the  death* 
to  1,497.     In  the  year  1793,  Philadel- 
phia wa*  vifited  with  a  I'evere  l(;ourge, 
the  yellow  fever,  which  raged  with  un- 
common violence  for  above  3  months, 
and  in  that  (hort  fpace  fwept  off  nearly 
5000  inhabitant*.     The  humane  eftbrt* 
of  a  committee  of  health,  appointed  by 
the  citizens,  were  highly  inftrumental 
in  diminifliing  the  calamity.     A  few 
weeks  after  this  diforder  ceafed  to  rage, 
the  trade  of  the  city  was  reftored  in  a 
manner  incredible  to  any  but  eye-wit- 
nefles.    It  is  an  honourable  proof  of  the 
humane  attention  paid  to  the  prifoners 
in  thi*  xrity  that  of  40(0  .debtors,  and 
4000  criminals,  who  were  confined  in 
Philadelphia  goal  between  the  z8th  of 
September,  1 7  So,  and  the  5th  of  Septet   - 
ber,  1790,  only /w^/f*  died  a  natuia' 
death.   In  1 794,  there  were  9000  houfes 
in  this  city,  and  400  which  were  build- 
ing }  and  the  prefent  number  of  inhabi- 
tants may  beeftimated  at  abont  55,000. 
Philadelphia  is  718  miles  feuth-weft  of 
Paflamaquoddy,  whicii   is  the  eaAern- 
inoft  part  of  the  fea-coaft  of  the  United 
iitates)  347  fiiuth-weftof  Boftnn}  an 
fouth-welt  of  Haitford  ;  95  fonth-wtft 
of  New-York  J  102  north-eaft  of  Balti- 
more;  278  iiorth-eafteri^  of  Richmond } 


PI  A 


iH 


144  nMth-aftrrly  of  Wafhington**  eitv 
Mid^t)  north -eift  by  northot SavanMuk 
in  Georgia.  See  Ptmtfylvamai  for  in 
account  of  f'everai  other  particular*  it^ 
lating  to  this  city. 

PHiiir,  a  large  ifland  in  Lake  Su|}f 
rior,  in  the  territory  of  the  United  Statetk 
It  lie*  toward*  the  fouth  fide  of  the  bke» 
and  foiith-eaft  of  file  Royal. 

PuiLip's,  .Vf.aparifh  of  S.  CarolinH» 
fituateil  in  Charleftown  diftrift. 

Phiup,  Su  a  fort  which  commands 
the  entrance  of  Maranhao  harbour,'  efn 
thecoaftof  Brasil. 

Philip,  <S/.  a  point  within  the  haf« 
bmir  of  Port-Royalt  8.  Carolina. 

Philippeau,  an  ifland  on  the  fiorth 
fide  of  Lake  Superior  (  N.  of  IfleRoyal. 

Philippeau,  a  bay  on  the  nortii 
(horeof  the  e^ilf  of  St.  Lawrence,  near 
the  Straits  orBeilifle,  and  partly  formeit 
by  ifland  s  which  project  fauthward 
on  it*  eaft  part,  and  extend  to^ivard*  the 
weft.  The  eaft  part  of  the  bay  lie*  ill 
lat.ji.  10. north, and lonvk  55.40.  weft. 

PHlLippfNA,  9  fmall  town  of  the 

f>rovince  of  Guati^mala,  in  New-Spaiui 
ituatcd  on  a  bay  of  the  N.  Pacific  O- 
ccam  N.  lat.  ti.  50.  weft  long.  $1.  301 

Philipsburg,  a  town  of  New-Jer^ 
fey,  fituated  in  SulTcKco.  on  the  eaft 
bank  of  Delaware  river,  oppofite  tt» 
Eafton  in  Pennfylvania.  It  is  41  milea 
northwwcft  of  Trenton. 

PHiLLii^SBUkoH,  or  PNUpJhtvttt 
townlhip  of  New- York,  in  Dutchefs  co. 
on  the  eaft  fide  of  Hudfon^s  river,  «8 
miles  above  New- York,  near  the  fouth 
end  of  Tappen  Bay.  It  contain*  ^,079 
inhabitants^  including  «5  flave«»  In 
1796,  there  were  347  of  the  inhabitant* 
electors.  In  this  townfhip  is  a  ftlver 
mine,  which  yields  virgin  Idver. 

Phillips'  AcadttHf,  See  And'.'ver 
and  Exeter, 

PuiLOPt^Lis,  a  fettlement  in  Luzerne 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  i»  or  14  miles  weft- 
ward  x)i  Mount  Ararat,  and  at  the  head 
of  the  weftern  branch  of  Tunkhanock. 
Creek,  abo\u  45  miles  Ibuth-eall  of 
Athens,  or  Tioga  Point.  N.  lat.  41. 
40.  weft  long.  75.  33. 

PiANKATUNK,  a  fmall  river  of  Vir- 
ginia, which  empties  eaftward  into 
Chefapeak  Bay,  oppofite  Gwin's  Ifland. 
It  is  navigable  8  miles  for  fmall  craft. 

PiANKASHAWs,  or  Pyanktjhast  Ver- 
mdltons  and  Mafcmtinst  aie  tribes  of 
Indians  in  the  »,  W.  Territbiy,  who 

£  c  a  rcfiJe 


4i€         >fe 

nfide  en  the  Wabflft  and  ita  brmelits» 

4Wid  lUinoUaver.  Thefe  with  the  Kifk- 

t^t$s,  M^Mf/«j«ra|i^  Otiiatauonst  could 

^tgethcr  fuitiUh  abbu|t  tooo  watriort, 

•o  ytun  ago. 

PiARAi  on  the  coaftof  S.  America, 

.4*>i*  ^3  <"''  t^f  laagtig  fWun  Payta,  in  lat. 

f.  N.  and.  i«  the  firft  tpwn  c^  any  nae. 

A  liver  which  \fa(he«  it,  falls  into  the 

hay  of  Chirop^ }  but  as  it  abounds  with 

uoals,  it  it  little  frequented. 

,    ViCtftwtr  dut  empties  into  Lake  Su- 

«;;'fpr*  in  iat.  48.  )6.  it.  and  long.  $9. 

4!i.  i.    The  Grand  Portage  i>i  in  lat. 

418.  41.  6. 

Pic  db  L^Etoil,  le,  or  Pic  dt  tAU 
m»nSt  as  it  is  named  in  Bougainville's 
map,  a  finsiU  high  ifland,  fliafied  like  a 
fugar-lop.f,  lying  a  little  to  the  north- 
ward, and  in  fight  of  Aurora  lifland  } 
difcovered  by  the  fore-named  navigator 
in  May  176!. 

Pica,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 

ivhere  t!  !re  is  high  and  fteer   land; 

Sa  leagues  N.  of  Lora  river,  and  5  fouth 

-(^f  Ta<^paca,  or  as  it  is  called  by  Britifli 

l^amen,  Carapoueba, 

PiCARA,  a  large  province  of  S.Ame- 
lica,  in  New-Granada ;  bounded  on  the 
£•  by  the  Andes. 

PiCAWBE,IndianTownstntheN.W. 
Territory,  on  Great  Miami  river,  75 
miles  fit>m  it*s  mouth,  where  it  is  only 
30  yards  broad,  although  navigible  for 
loaded  batteatix  50  miles  higher., 

Pi<;KERSGiLL''8Cov/,iswithinChrift- 
mas  Sound,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  Terra 
del  Fuego,  at  the  fuuthem  extremity  of 
S.  America. 

PiCRErsGiLL's  Jjland,  is  off  Cape 
Difstppointment,  in  8.  Georgia,  in  the 
$,  Atlantic  Occ:in.  S.  lat.  54. 41.  W. 
long.  36.  58. 

PiCRERSViLLB,  the  chief  town   of 

Wafhington   Diftrift,  in  S.  Carolina. 

PiCOLATA,  a  fort  OK  the  river  St. 

John,  in  Ealt-Florida,  27  miles  from  St. 

Auguftiae,  and  3  from  Pooporc  Fort. 

PfCOLBT  F«tffjr>  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St  Domingo,  ferns  the 
W.  bouodaiy  of  the  bay  which  fets  up 
to  Cape  Francois.  In  time  of  war, 
fkips  have  often  been  taken  under  the 
cannon  of  Picolet. 

-PiCO»A,  or  Pifanat  mountains  on  the 
eoaft  of  Peru,  which  ferve  to  dire£l 
mariners.  They  are  high  hills  within 
land,  ej^iC'Jing  about  7  leagues,  be- 
tween Cuiancbe  rivei',    and    Solango 


PIE 

Iflandfli  andHcibuthwardefth^equt* 
tor. 

PiCTOV,  afmall  ifle,  river,  bay,  and 
fettlement  in  the  N.  B.  part  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Nova-Scotia,  and  on  the  iou« 
them  iide  of  the  Straits  of  Northtunbo*- 
land,  at  the  fouthem  iJxtremity  of  the 
Gulf  of  8t.  Lawrence.    The  ifland  lies 
in  the  narroweft  part  of  the  ftrait,  a  lit- 
tle way  north-weft  of  the  mouth  of  the 
river  of  its  name  \  %  miles  fouth  of  Bear 
Cove  in  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  and  58 
eaiterly  of  the  mouth  of  Bay  Verte. 
The  bay  or  harbour  of  this  name  fecms 
to  be  of  confiderable  extent.    Eaft  river, 
which  falls  into  PiAou  harbour,  fup. 
plies  the  country  with  coals,  from  the 
mines  on  its  banks }  the  ftreams  of  lefs 
note  which  empty  into  the  bav,  are  St. 
Mary's,  Antigonifli,  Liverpool,Turket, 
Mulquideboit,  and  Siflibou  rivers.  The 
fettlement  of  Pi£lou  is  fertile,  populous, 
and  increafing  in  importance.     A  good 
road  is  cut.   cleared,   and  bridged  to 
Halifax,  68  miles  diftant  fouth  by  weft. 
This  fettlement  is  now  called  Ttnimutb\ 
which  (ee. 

Pi  B  R  c  e's  Ifland.  The  main  channel 
of  Pifcataqua  river,  in  New-Hampihire, 
lies  between  Pierce's  andSeavey'sIflands; 
on  each  of  which  batteries  oi  cannon 
were  planted,  and  entrenchments  form- 
ed in  1775.  "^lic  ftream  here  is  very 
contrafled  ;  lUe  tide  rapid  j  the  water 
deep,  and  the  fliore  bsld  and  rocky  on 
eacn  fide  {  fo  that  in  the  fevereft  winters 
the  river  is  never  frozen. 

PiERE,  an  ifland  in  Illinois  river, 
about  47  miles  above  the  Piorias  win« 
tering-ground.  Aflecbtf  or  an-ow-ftcne 
is  obtained  by  the  Indians  from  a  high 
hill  on  the  weftem  fide  of  the  river,  near 
the  above  ifland }  with  this  ftone  the 
natives  makes  their  gun-flints,  and  point 
their  arrows.  Above  this  ifland  are 
rich  and  fertile  meadows,  on  the  eaftem 
fide  of  the  river,  and  continue  feveral 
miles. 

Pi  PR  MO  NT,  a  townihip  in  Grafton 
CO.  l^Tew-Hampfliire,  on  the  eaft  bank 
of  Connefticut  river,  6  mil'*'  fouth- 
ward  of  Haverhill,  and  5  n  v^rd  of 
Orford.  It  was  incorporatcu  m  1764, 
and  contains  416  inhabitants. 

PiBROUAGAMis,  an  Indian  naticn 
who  inhabit  the  N.  W.  banks  of  X  'V.^ 
St.  John,  in  Lower  Canada. 

PiERR E,  St.  a  fmall defert  ifland  itear 
the  coaft  of  Newfeundtendj  which  it 

only 


PIG 

only  fit  £ar  curing  und  drying  fiflt.  N. 
lat.  56.  »7«  W".  long.  45.  57.  It  was 
ceded  to  the  French  by  the  peace  or 
1763. 

PiBRRS,f/.the  firft  town  huilt  in  the 
ifland  of  N^tlnico  in  the  Weft  Indies, 
fituatcd  on  a  round  bay  on  the  weft  ccaft 
of  the  ifland*  $  leagus  fcuth  of  Fort 
lloyal.  It  is  a  port  of  enuy^  the  refi- 
deoce  of  oberchants,  snjid  the  centre  of 
bufinef^.  tt  has  been  ^  times  burnt 
,down>  yet  it  cont  .in(t  ax  prefenr  aliout 
a.ooo  houfeff  The  aj^chorage  ground 
it  fituated  along  the  iea-fHe  on  the 
iftrand,  but  Is  very  unhealthy.  Another 
port  of  the  town  is  feparated  from 
^t  by  a  river,  and  the  houfes  are  huilt 
on  .  low  hill,  which  is  called  tlie  fort, 
froin  a  fmall  fortreiii  which  defends  the 
roa'i,  which  is  commodiotis  for  loading 
and  unloading  ihipi>,  and  is  likewifeeafy 
of  aecefs  ;  but  in  the  rainy  feafon  the 
(hipping  take  (heller  at  Fort  Royal,  the 
capital  of  the  i^and. 

Pie  It  RE,  5t,  a  river  in  Louiiiana, 
which  empties  into  the  Miflifippi,  troni 
weft,  ib^t  10  miles  below  the  Falls  of 
$t.  Aathony.  It  pa(r«;s  through  a  moft 
delightful  c<juntry,  abounding  with 
many  of  the  neceiTaries  of  lite,  which 
grow  fpotnaneoufly.  Wild  rice  is  found 
Uere  in  great  abundance,  trees  bending 
under  loads  of  fruits,  fuch  as  plums, 
grapes,  and  apples.  The  meadows  are 
covered  with  nops,  and  many  other 
vegetables ;  while  the  ground  is  ftored 
with  ufefu!  -roots,  as  angelica,  fpike- 
nard,  and  ground-iiuts,  as  large  as  nerik' 
eggs.  On  itfl  eaft  fidct  about  ^o  miles 
from  its  mouth,  is  a  coal-mine. --7i\^.i9. 
For  other  places  named  PtBRRE,  fee 
Peter.  .>  ? 

Pig  E  0  N,  the  name  of  two  fbuth-weft- 
ei n  branches  of  French  B»oad  river,  in 
the  State  of  Tenpefl'eei  The  mouth  of 
Little  Pigeon  is  aliout  ^^  miles  from  the 
confluence  of  French  Broad  with  Holf 
ton  river,  and  ^bopt  3*below  the  mouth 
of  Nolachucky,  Big  Pigeon  falls  into 
the  French  Brpad  9  miles  above  Little 
Pigeon  river.  Thiy  both  rife  in  t|ie 
Great  |ron  Mountains. 

Pigeon,  a  hill  on  Cape  Ann,  Ma^Ta- 
chui'etts.     See  4gamenticus. 

Pigeon,  a  fmall  iftand,  whofe  ftfong 
fortiHcations  command  andfecure,  fafe 
and  good  anchorage  in  Port  Royal  Bay, 
in  the  illaui  of  Martinico,  in  the  Weft- 
ludlesi 


p  I N         m 

PiKBLAND,  a  townfliip  In  Clieft^r 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

PiLAYA,  a  jurifdiaion  of  La  Plata. 
S.  Atncrica.  See  Fcjpi^t  its  moft  cwsl^ 
mon  name. 

P1LDRA8,  St,  on  the  E.  (hore  of  tbt 
Oulf  of  Campeachy,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  N.  \\t,  zi.  4.  W.  long.  90i»  )!• 

PiLEa-GROVK,  a  townfliip  in  Saiett 
CO.  New-Jerfey. 

PiLGERRUH,  or  Pilgrim's  Rejt,  was 
a  Moiavian  fettlennent  of  Chriftian  In- 
diansy  on  the  fciteof  a  forfaken  town  of 
the  Oitf  wa«  ^  on  the  bank  of  a  river,  4» 
miles  north-wefteriy  of  Cayahoga,  in 
the  N,  W,  Territpry,  npar  Lake  Erie, 
and  140  mile>  N^  W.  of  Pitt^urg. 

Pilgrim's  J^«</,  on  the  S.  eaftem 
fl>ore  of  St.  Lawrence  fiyer,  aifd  below 
the  Ifland  de  Coudires. 

Pillar,  Ctu>et  at  the  W.  end  of  the 
Straits  of  Magellan,  $  leagues  N.  of  Cape 
Defeada.  S.  lat.  51.4s.  W.long.76.4Q. 

Pilot  Mountain,  or  Araraf, 
See  5j<rr)' C0Mi/)p,  N.  Carolina. 

Pi  LOTO,  or  Salinas  del  filato^  ))Pri|^ 
craggy  rocks  on  the  W.  coaft  of  Mexi- 
co, S.  E.  of  Cape  Corientes)  where 
there  is  good  anchorage,  and  ihclter 
from  N.  W.  and  W.  and  S.  W.  wfods. 
There  are  fait -pits  near  this  plve. 

Pilot-Town,  in  Suffex  co.  Pda- 
ware,  lies  near  the  mouth  of  Cool  Spring 
Creek,  which  fiills  into  Delsjiware  Bay, 
near  Lewfton,  and  ^  miles  N.  W.  c[ 
Cape  Henlopen. 

^^MfiNT,  Pur^  a  village  on  the  S. 
W.  poaft  of  the  S.  pehinfula,  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  4I  leagues  N. 
W.  of  L«9  Coteaux,  between  vHiicb  arf 
two  covef  affording  anchorage }  that 
niareit  Poteaux,  is  called  A^lea  Da- 
ma||in.  Port  Piment  it  nearly  eight 
leagues  E.  byS.  of  Tibvroni 

PiNAp  Ifiandt  on  the  coaft  of  th# 
Gulf  of  Honduras,  isfituated  off  Trio^i- 
gilh  Bay, 

Pin. is  Ppintt  the  eaftem  point  of 
Panama  Bay.  N.  lat.  6.  1 5.  W.  long. 
80.  3Q.  1  he  port  of  this  name  is  on 
the  fame  S.  W.  coaP  of  the  Ifthmuaof 
,  Darich,  near  the  point ;  iz  leajjrues  N« 
!!y  W.  ef  Port  Qui-'manda,  and  7  from 
Cape  Garachina.  The  coaft,  all  the  way 
Ibuthward,  to  Cape  Corientes,  abounds 
with  pine-trees ;  hence  the  name. 

Pin  CHINA,  one  ot  the  Coidilleras  in 

S.  America.     M.   Bangier  found   th« 

cold  of  this  Koun^a'uij  unmediatclyun* 

£  e  )  der 


-«t  P  1  N 

dtr  the  equator,  to  extend  from  7  t6%  9 
degree*  under  the  freezing  point  every 
morning  before  fun-rife. 
PtNCKNBY,  an  ifland  on  the  coafl  of 

South- Carolinsi. 

PiNCKNEY,  a  diArift  of  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  lying  W.  of 
Camden  and  Cheraw  diftriAs  3  fubdivi- 
dtd  into  tite  counties  of  York,Chefter, 
Union,  and  Spartanburgh.  It  contains 
»5,870  white  inhabitants ;  fends  to  the 
State  legiflature,  9  reprefentativss,  and 
3  fenatoi's ;  and  in  conjunftion  with 
WaOiington,  (ends  one  member  to 
Congrels.  It  was  fonmerly  part  of 
Camden  andNinetV'Sixdiftnfls.  Chief 
town,  Pinckneyville. 

PiNCKNEYvii.LE,  a  poft-town  of  S. 
Carolina,  and  capital  of  the  above  dif 
trift,  in  Union  co.  on  the  S.  W.  fide  of 
Broad  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Pacolet. 
It  contains  a  handfome  cou>'t-houfe,  a 
gaol,  and  a  few  compaA  lioufes.  It  is 
75  miles  N.  VV.  of  Columbia,  56  from 
Lincolntown,  in  N.  Carolina,  and  716 
ft-om  Philadelphia. 

Pine,  Capt,  on  the  S.  coaft  of  the 
Ifland  of  Newfoundland,  is  about  eight 
Icagitca  weftward  of  Cape  Race.  N. 
ht.  46.  ifs.W.  long.  53.  £o. 

PiNB  Cretkt  in  Northumberland  co. 
Pennlylvania,  awateroftV*' W.  branch 
of  SuU^uehaimah  river.  Its  mouth  is 
about  I «  miles  leftward  of  Lycoming 
Creek,  and  40  N.  W.  of  the  town  of 
Northumberland. 

Ptnes,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  N.  coafl 
of  Terra  Firma,  S.  America,  about  41 
leagues  p.  of  Porto  Belio,  and  forms  a 
good  harbour,  with  two  other  fmall 
iflands,  and  the  main  land.  N.  lat.  9. 
i».  W.  long.  18.  15.  The  River  of 
Pines  is  5  miles  from  th>:  above  named 
hatbour, .and  17  eaflerly  of  Allabrolies 
river.  Its  mouth  has  6  feet  water,  but 
within  there  is  3  fathoms  a  confiderable 
way  up. 

PiNBS,  PituK,  or  P/fftfj,  a  fmall  un- 
inhabited ifland,  feparated  from  the  S. 
W.  part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  by  a  deep  ftiait.  It  is  a- 
bout  *S  miles  lon^;,  and  15  bro^d,  and 
affords  good  pafii. rage.  It  is  6  leagues 
from  the  main,  but  the  channel  is  im- 
paf&ble,  by  reafbn  of  fhoaU  and  rocks, 
|i.  lat.  »i.  30.  W.  long.  8j.  af. 

PlHTAKV's  Stuttii,  on  the  N.  W. 
eonft  of  N.  America,  fets  up  in  an  eaf- 
tern  (^iit^ion,  bar ir.g  in  it  many  Ihiall 


pro 

^flandi.  )ti  mouth  exteiids  from  Cap* 
Scott,  on  the  fouthem  fide,  in  ht.  50.  c6« 
and  h>ng  iiS.  57.  W.  to  Poiht  Difap. 
pointment,  in  lat.  5a.  5.  and  long.  148. 
50.  W.  It  commnni^tieV'  Vlth  the 
Straits  de  Fuca  |  and  thus  the  lands  on 
both  fides  of  Nootka  Sound,  from  Cape 
Scott  to  Berkeley's  Sound,  (oppofRe 
Ca]>e  Flattery,  on  the  eaftemiideof  the 
Straits  de  Puca)  are  called  by  Capt.  Ini 
graham.  Quadras  Iftes, 

PiNTCHLVCO  RiveTf  a  large  branch 
of  the  Chsita  Uche,  the  upper  part  of 
Appabcbicola  river. 

PiORiAS  Fort  and  nOage,  OU,\n  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  on  the  weftem  fhore> 
of  Illinois  river,  and  at  the  fouthem  end 
of  Illinois  Lake;  216  miles  from  MiflT- 
fippi  river,  and  50  below  the  Crows 
Meadows  river.  The  fummlt  on  which 
the  l):ockaded  fort  Aood,  commands  a 
fine  profpeft  of  the  country  to  the  eaft- 
ward,  and  up  the  lake,  to  the  point 
where  the  river  conies  in  at  the  north 
eod }  to  the  weftwsrd  are  large  mea- 
dows. In  the  lake  (which  is  only  a  dila» 
tationofthe  river,  19^  miles  in  length, 
and  3  in  breadth)  is  great  plenty  of  filh, 
and  in  particular,  flurgeon  and  pican- 
nau.  The  country  to  tlie  weffward  is 
low  and  very  level,  and  full  of  fwamps, 
Ibme  a  mile  wide,  boixl«red  with  fine 
meadows,  and  in  fome  places  the  high 
land  comes  to  the  river  in  points,  or 
narrow  necks.  Hore  is  abundance  of 
chen-y,  plum,  and  other  fVuit  trees. 
The  Indians  at  the  treaty  of  Greenville, 
in  i795»  ceded  to  the  United  States  a 
traft  of  I  %  miles  fquare  at  this  fort.  N. 
lat.  40.  53.  W.  long.  91.  12.  30. 

PiORiAS-  W'tnterixg  Groufid,  a  traft 
of  lard  in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  on  thet 
S.  E.  fide  of  Illinois  river,  about  40 
miles  above,  and  N.  E.  of  the  Great 
Cave,  on  the  MifTifippi,  oppofite  the 
mouth  of  the  Miflburi,  and  27  below 
the  ifland  Pierre.  About  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  from  the  river,  on  the  ealtern  fide  of 
it,  is  a  meadow  of  many  miles  long;,  and 
5  or  6  miles  broad.  In  this  meadow 
are  many  fmall  lakes,  communicating 
with  each  other,  and  by  which  there 
arepaflijges  for  fmall  bouts  or  canoes; 
and  one  lends  to  the  Illinois  river. 

PlORiAS,  an  Imlian  nationof  the  N.. 
W.  Ttrritory,  who  with  the  Mitchiga* 
inins  could  fuiniili  300  warriors,  20 
ycais  ago.  They,  inhabit  near  the  fet-. 
tlenicnts  in  the  Illinois  country.  A  tribe 

of 


the 
!•  on 


PIS 

«f  thih  Aame  inhabit  a  village  oti  the 
Miflifivpi*  a  mile  above  Fort  Chatres. 
It  could  Airnifli  about  the  fame  period 
170  warrior*  of  the  Piorias  and  Mitch- 
igamias.  They  are  idle  and  debauched. 

PlRAVOY>  a  river  of  Brazil,  S. 
America,  S.  S.  E.  of  Rio  Grand,  and 
Point  Negro. 

Pisca,  a  handfome  town  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Lima  in  Peru,  with  a  good  har 
hour  and  I'pacious  road.  The  country 
round  it  is  fertile,  and  it  lends  to  the 
neighbouring  fettlements  quantities  of 
fruit  and  wine.  It  formerly  ftood  a 
quarter  of  a  league  fart  lier  to  the  ibnth, 
but  being  deftroyed  by  an  earthquake, 
in  1 63 1,  it  was  removed  to  its  prelent 
£tuation,  about  halFa  mile  from  thef^a. 
It  is  140  miles  fouth  of  Lima.  S.  lat. 
14..  W.  long.  75.  35. 

PisCADORES,  or  Fi/berst  two  great 
rocks  on  tlie  coaft  of  Peru,  in  lat.  16. 
4S.  loMh,  near  the  broken  gap  between 
Attico  and  Ocona. 

PiSCADOREs,  rocks  above  the  town 
of  Callao,  in  Peru;  5  leagues  N.  N.  W. 
of  Callao  Port*  They  are  6  in  number  ; 
the  largeft  is  welt  ot  the  port  of  Ancoiv 
de  Rhoilas,  and  3  leagues  Ibuth-eaft  of 
Chaucai  Port^. 

Pjiscata<;^a.     See  Pafi:4itaqua. 

PisCATA(^A  Head.  See  Tark 
Coiptij/,  Maine. 

PiscATAQtiA,  the  ancient  name  of 
lauds  in  the  Didrict  of  Maine,  i'uppofed 
to  .comprehend  the  lands  known  by  the 
names  of  Kittery  and  Berwick. 

PisCATAWAY,  a  townftiip  of  N«w- 
Jerfey,  fituated  in  Middlefex  co.  on- 
Kariton  river,  6  miles  from  if»  muutli. 
It  has  z,t6i  inhabitants,  Including  tii 
(laves.  It  is  5I  miles  N.  E.  ot  New- 
Bi'unfwick,  and  x^  iouth-w«ft  of  Eliza- 
beth- Town. 

PisCATAWAY,  a  fmaU  pprt  town  of 
Prince  George's  co..  Maryland;  frunted 
on  the  creek  of  its  name  which  runs 
wertward  intoPatowmnc  river,  oppofite 
Mount  Vernon  in  Virginia,  and  i4niile8 
fouth  of  the  Federal  City.  J  he  town 
is  16  miles  foutli-well'  of  Upper  Marl- 
borough, 16  north  of  Port  Tob-Acco, 
and  67  S.  W.  by  S.  ot  Baltimore. 

Pir,c:o,  a  noted  harbour  on  the  coaif 
of  Pern,  in  the  province;  of  Los  Reyes,  6 
leagues  from  the  port  of  Chinca  j  Lorin 
Chinca  lying  half  way  between  them. 
The  road  is  lafe  and  capacious  enougli  to 
Iwld  the  navy  of  France.    The  town  is 


PIT  4S^ 

itahabited  by  about  300  fainilics,  moft  of 
them  niefti:oes,mulattoe«,  and  negroes  | 
the  whites  betng  much  the  f*-,  "t  >*'un)- 
bcr.  It  has  3  churches,  and  ,«:1  for 

Indians ;  lies  about  half  a  nuie  tram  thfl 
lea,  and  it)  miles  louth  of  Lima.  Th« 
ruins  of  the  ancient  town  of  Pifcn  are 
(till  vifible,  extending  from  the  iiea  fliore 
to  the  New  town.  It  was  deftroyed  by 
an  earthquake  and  inundation  on  Oft* 
19,  1680.  Thefea,  at  that  time,  re* 
tired  lialf  a  league,  ind  returned  with 
I'uch  fury,  that  it  overflowed  alrooll  as 
much  land  beyond  its  Lgunds.  S.  lat. 
13.  36.  W.  long.  >6. 15. 

Piss-PoT,  a  bnyon  the  (buth  ihort 
of  the  ftraits  of  Ma^llan,  in  the  Lon|{ 
Reach,  8  leagues  W.  by  N.  of  Cafe 
Notch.  S.  lat.  53. 14.  W.  long.  75,  is. 

PisTOLET,  a  large  bay  at  the  nor- 
thern end  of  Newfoundland,  fetting  up 
from  the  Straits  of  Bellifle.  Its  wei- 
tern  fide  is  forme<l  by  Cape  Norman, 
and  its  eaitern  point  by  Burnt  Cape)  ) 
leagues  apart. 

PlTCAiRN's  jy7a»^,  inthe  S.  Pacifiic 
Ocean,  is  6  or  7  miles  in  length  and  « 
in  breadth.  It  has  neither  river  nor 
harbour;  but  has  fome  mountains  which 
may  be  fcen  15  leagues  off  to  the  S.  E. 
All  the  S.  fide  is  lined  With  rocks.  S, 
lat.  15.  a.  W.  long.  133.  ai.Thevari- 
ation  of  the  needle  off  this  illa;id,  in 
1767,  was  -z;  46.  E. 

PiTON  Point,  Greatt  theS.W.  point 
of  file  ifland  of  St.  Lucia,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  and  the  molt  weilcrly  point  of 
the  illand.  It  is  on  a  kind  of  a  penin- 
fula,  tlie  northern  part  of  which  is  call- 
ed Point  Chimatchin. 

Pitt,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Ncwbern  diftri^f,  houiuled  N.  E.  by 
Beaufort,  and  S,  W.  by  CJialgow.  It 
contains  8,175  inhabitimis,  incKuiing 
2,:?6?  (laves.    Chief  town,  Greenville. 

Pitt,  I  art,  tiojTneily  Fort  du  ^iuejhe. 
See  Pitijlmrg. 

Pit  rs  BO  ROUGH,  or  Pitt/lur[f,  the 
capital  of  Chatham  co.  N.  Carolina,  is 
firiiatcd  n  arifing  grouiul,  and  contains 
a  comrr-houfe,  gaol,  and  tbout  40  or  50 
hollies.  The  coimtry  in  its  environs  is 
lieli  and  well  cultivated;  ;2nd  is  much 
relbrted  to  from  the  maritime  parts  of 
the  State  in  the  fickly  months.  The 
Hickory  Mountain  is  not  far  diftant, 
and  the  air  and  water  here  are  as  puu?  as 
any  in  the  world.  It  is  «6  miles  Ibuch- 
wcil  of  Illiborough,  36    weft  of  Ra- 

£  e  4  Icigh, 


44^  PIT 

kigh,  54nMth.weftofFmyet^iUe,sad 
|e<  froik  Philadelphia. 

FiTTSBUiLO,  a  poft-townof  PAmfyl- 
vania,  the  capital  of  Alleghany  co.  fi- 
tuatedon  ^  beautiful  plain  ninmnsr  to  a 
point.  The  Alleghany,  which  is  a  oeau- 
tifttl  clear  ftr^am,  on  the  north,  and  ihb 
Matton||abeb,  which  is  a  muddy  Areatn, 
on  the  louth,  uniting  below  where  Fort 
idu  Quefne  ftood»  form  the  majeftic 
Ohio}  which  ia  thei'e  a  quarter  of  a 
ynile  wide;  i,iS8  miles  from  its  c^^nflu' 
.  f Dce  with  the  Mifllfippi,  and  500  above 
Itimeftone,  in  Kentucky.  This  town 
yras  laid  out  onPenn's  plan,  in  the  year 
1765,  on  the  eafterii  banic  oi'  the  Mo- 
noBgahda,  about  «o^  yards  from  Fort 
4u  Quelhe«  which  wi*  t^ken  from  the 
^French,  by  the  Briti(b,  in  1760,  aiid 
mho  changed  its  name  to  Port  Pitt,  in 
honour  ot  the  late  ^ar}  of  Chatham.  It 
contains  between  1 50  awi  aoo  houfes,  a 
gaol)  court'houfe,  PreA>yterian  church, 
9  church  for  German  Lutherans,  an 
academy,  two  breweries,  ;)nd  a  diftil- 
kry.  ft  has  been  lately  fortt^ed,  and  a 
party  of  troops  Rationed  in  it.  By  an 
•numeration  made  Dec.  1795,  *'  appeal's 
that  there  were' then  1,353  inhabitants 
in  this  borough  ;  the  number  has  con- 
^erably  increafed  iince.  '  The  hills  on 
the  Monongaiieia  fide  are  vei-y  high, 
extend  down  the  Ohio,  and  abo^md 
With  coals.  Before  the  revolution,  one 
of  thele  coal-hills,  it  is  faid,  took  fire 
and  continued  burning  8  years;  when 
it  was  effeflually  extinguii^ed  by  part 
of  the  hill  giving  way  and  filling  up  the 
crater.  On  the  back  lide  of  the  town, 
from  Grant's  Hill,  (fo  calkd  from  his 
army's  being  here  cut  to  pieces  1/y  the 
Indians)  there  is  a  beautiful  profped  of 
the  two  rivers,  wafting  along  their  fepa 
rate  dreams  till  they  meet  and  join  at 
the  point  of  the  town.  On  every  Tide, 
hills  covered  vnith  trees,  appear  tu  add 
iimplicity  and  beauty  to  the  fitne.  At 
the  diftance  oi  100  mil«s  up  the  A  He 
ghany  is  -u  linall  creek,  which,  in  ibme 
places,  '■>'[»  or  bubbles  forth,  like  the 
water.  >.  M!Ga*;  ir.  N«^w- York  State, 
from  whicii  jii\;i' r--'*  an  f 'ly  fubftance, 
deemcii  by  Uic  '  •  >le  of  this  counti'y, 
fuiguiaiiy  I.-ene'icif',  nnd  -r^  inf'aliibk 
cure  ♦■'.  -'akrrti  ar  >';t.  '0  ii.'^ch,  ior 
rhejt.:?rir  r»»r  »;  fc'.  on;  'ret  A-  in  wo- 
men, bnf'..'.'v  ''.'-  "r''<  .'''  is  i^athc-ed 
by  the  eo  ■  .ff  t  c  ,>j  Je  and  Indiuns,  who 
boil  it  aud  brt.v',  1 1  >  V't.  v.  «ig  ' .  ^  fale  j 


PtT 

»iel  there  is  fcarcely  a  (iagle  Miabitwit 
who  does  not  pojQert  a  bottle  of  it,  ami 
is  able  to  recount  its  many  virtues,  an4 
its  many  cures.  T^he  navigation  of  ths 
Ohio,  in  a  dry  feafon,  is  ratlieK  'trouble^ 
Ibme  frotn  Pittlbuvg  to  the  M^^o-Tttun, 
about  75  miles;  Sut  frckti  thence  to  the 
Mifl'^npi  there  is  slways  water  enough 
i're  barged  parrying  from  iod  (o  aod 
iOhf  burden,  fuch  as  arc  iiled  on  the 
rivejT  Thames,  bct'werii  London  and 
Oxford,  viii.  ircm  ico  tv  iii}  feet  keel, 
16  to  18  feet  in  breadth  A  feet  in  depth, 
and  when  loadvnl,  drawing  '-bout  1  feei 
water.  During  tSiefealbn  ofthe  floods 
inthefpring,  velfelsof  100  or  iqo  tons 
burden  may  go  from  Pittlburg  to  the 
Tea  with  fatety.  in  f6  or  17  days,  al- 
thougii  the  distance  is  upwards  of 
2,000  mile$.  ft  is  178  miles  W.  by  Nl 
of  Carlifle;  303  in  the  fame  dire£lioq 
from  Philadelphia;  283  N.  W.  by  N, 
of  Alexandria,  in  Virgiiiia ;  and  445 
from  Fort  Wafhington,  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory.  {J.  lat.  43.  31.  44.  ^^f', 
long.  80.  8. 

PiTTSFJELp,  a  pleafant  poft  town  of 
Maflachufetts,  fittiated  on  the  weft  line 
of  Berkfliire  co.  6  miles  N.  of  Lenox, 
38  W.  of  Northampton,  140W.  of  Bof- 
ton,  and  40  N.  £■  of  Albany,  Thi^ 
townfliip,  and  thofe  N.  and  S.  of  it,  on 
the  bank's  of  Houlatonic  river,  are  id 
a  rich  vale  from  one  to  fcven  mile; 
wide.  It  was  incorporated  in  X761J 
and  contains  1,99a  inhabitants  Th^ 
place  of  worfliip  is  a  very  handfomd 
edifice,  with  a  bell  and  $iipola,  from 
which  thtre  is  a  charming  profpcft. 

PiTTSFiELD,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
Halnplhire,  fitiiated  in  Rockingham  co. 
It  was  incorporated  in  17H2,  ^nd  con- 
tains 888  inhabitants.  It  was  taken 
from  CliichelUr,  un  Suncopk  river,  N, 
E.  of  C6nCi)r(i.  •  ' 

PiTTSFiEtn,  Jhc  iiorth-eaflernmof^ 
town(hip  of  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  conr 
raining  49  inhabitants.  It  hasChittcn> 
den  rbwiifhip  on  the  S.  >¥.  and  Phila- 
delphia j  in  Adtlifon  co.  on  tW  N.  W. 

PiTTSFORD,  a  townrtup  of  Yerniont. 
in  Rutland  co. 

•  Pitt's  Gro've,  a  village  in  Sajem  co,  , 
Nt.v  Jeifey. 

,'ITTQUOTTING,  an  Indian  fettle- 
nent  in  tjle  N.  W.  Territory,  at  the 
mouth  of  K;>ron  river,  which  empties 
into  Lake  Erii. 

JfiT't'iJfiuttd,  m  the  N..W.  coaft  of 

N.Americaf 


r  L4 

H.  AmerLctf  lies  nnr  the  main  land, 
•bout  half  wa^  from  Dixon's  Entrance 
to  Prince  William**  Sound,  and  between 
Crofs  Sound  and  Port  Banks, 

PiTTSTOWN,  a  poft  town  of  the  Dif- 
.triA  of  Mainci  fituated  in  Lincoln  co. 
on  Kennebeck  rivei'i  5  miles  below  Hal- 
lowell  Hook,  %i  N.  byW.  of  Wiicaflet, 
70  N.  by  E.  of  Portland,  187  N.  by  E. 
of  Boftpn,  and  54.7'  from  Philadelphia. 
It  contained,  in  1790,  605  inhabitants. 
The  weftern  part  called  Cobifiy  or  Co- 
hefiy*  has  an  Epifcopal  church,  with  an 
annual  income  of  z8  guineas,  given  by 
Dr.  Gai'diner  for  the  lupport  of  an  Epil- 
^opal  minifter. 

PiTTSTOWN,  a  poft-town  of  New- 
Tfrfej',  in  Hunterdon  co.  on  the  welt 
head  wattrs  of  Rariton  river,  10  miles 
E>  by  N.  of  Aleximdria  on  Delaware 
river,  32  northerly  of  Trenton,  and  58 
N.  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia. 

PiTTSTOWN,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
York,  in  Renllelaer  co.  It  U  bounded 
foutherly  by  Ren^elaerwyck  and  Ste- 
jplientown,  and  northerly  by  SchaJle- 
icoke  and  Cambridge.  In  1790  it  con- 
tained a,447  inhabitants,  including  33 
/laves  J  4.19  of  its  inhabitants,  in  1796, 
wei-e  eleftors. 

Pittsylvania, a  county  of  Virginia, 
between  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  the  tide 
waters ;  bounded  S.  by  the  State  of  N. 
Carolina,  and  N.  by  Campbell  co.  It 
contains  11,259  inhabitants,  including 
4;,932  flaves. 

FlURA,  the  capital  of  ajurilcli6lion  of 
the  fame  name  in  Peru,  and  was  the  firft 
Spauint  I'cttlemcnt  in  that  country ;  foun- 
ded in  1531,  by  Don  Francilco  Pizarro, 
who  alio  built  the  iirft  church  in  it.  It 
contains  about  1,500  inhabitants.  The 
noufes  are  generally  of  one  ftory,  built 
of  iinbuint  briclts,  or  of  a  kind  of  cane, 
call^  quincas.  '  The  climate  is  hot  and 
'dry.     JS.  lat.  5.  ri.  W.  long.  80.  5. 

PlaCentxa  Bajy  on  the  S.  coaft  of 
Newfoundland'  lAand,  opens  between 
Chapeau-Rouge  Point  weftwa.d,  and 
Cape  St.  Mary's  en  the  E.  1 5^  leagues 
apart;  lying  between  lat.  46.  53.  30. 
and  4.7.  54.  N.  and  betwesniong.  54.  i. 
and  55.  zi.  30.W.  It  is  very  I'pacious, 
has  fcveral  iflands  towards  its  head,  and 
forms  a  good  harbour  for  fliips ;  and  is 
frequented  by  fuch  vcflels  as  are  bound 
either  into  the  gulf  or  river  of  St.  Law- 
rence.  The  port-town,  which  gives 
name  t6  the  bay,  is  on  the  eafteni  fliore  3 


P  L  A  441 

<7  leagues  to  the  E;  of  the  !fl»^d  of 
Cape  Breton  ;  40  miles  W.  by  $.  of  St, 
John\s,  and  iniat.  47.  15.  N.  and  long. 
55. 1  J.  W.  The  harbour  is  fo  wry  c«r 
paciius,  that  i$o  fail  of  fiiips  may  lie 
in  fecurity,  and  can  £0)  as  quietly  as  in 
any  river,  Thi  entrance  into  it  is  bv 
a  narrow  channel  {  which  will  admit 
but  cne  fltit)  at  a  time.  Sixty  fail  of 
Oiips  can  conveniently  dry  their  filh  on 
the  Gieat  Strand,  which  lies  between  % 
ileep  hills,  ai.d  is  about  3  miles  long. 
One  of  the  hdls  is  feparated  from  the 
(Irand,  by  a  fmali  brook  which  tuns  out 
of  the  chai.nel,  and  forms  a  fort  of  lake, 
called  the  Little  Bay,  in  which  are 
caught  great  quantities  of  falmon.  The 
inhabitants  dry  their  fi(h  on  what  is  called 
the  Little  Strand.  The  French  luid  for- 
merly a  fort  called  St.  Louis,  fituated  oa 
a  ridge  of  dangerouf  rocks,  which  con- 
tracts the  entrance  into  the  harbour. 
This  ridge  mult  be  left  on  the  ftarboard, 
going  in. 

Pi  AIM  <&  Nordi  a  town  on  the  norA 
Ade  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  fitu- 
ated ac  the  fouth-eafl;  comer  of  Bay  de 
TAcul,  and  on  the  road  from  Cape  Fran- 
cois to  Port  de  Paix,  nearly  5  leagues 
weft  by  fbuth  of  the  Cape,  and  1 3  S.  E. 
by  E.  of  Port  de  Paix- 

Plainfield,  a  townfliip  of  MaCa- 
chufetts,  CO.  of  Hampfliirr.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1785,  and  contains  45S 
inhabitants.  It  is  iso  miles  weft  by 
north  of  Bofton. 

Plainfield,  a  townihip  of  North- 
ampton CO.  Pennfylvania. 

pLAiNFi5.LD,atown(hipintheN.W. 
corner  of  Chefliire  co  New-Hampfiiirr, 
on  the  eaft  bank  of  Connefticut  river, 
whicli  fcparates  it  from  Hartland  ia 
Vermont.  It  was  incorporated  in  '761, 
and  contains  1.024  inhabitants. 

Plajnkield,  a  townfhip  In  the  S,  E. 
part  of  Windham  co.  Connecticut,  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  Qulnabaiig  river,  which 
divides  it  from  jBiooklyn  and  Canter- 
biiiy.  It  is  about  14  miles  north-eaftuf 
Norwich,  has  two  Prefbyteri^^n  churches, 
an  academy,  and  was  fettled  in  1689. 

Plaisance,  a  town  on  the  middle  of 
the  neck  of  the  north  peninliiJa  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo ;  iz  le?.gues  S, 
W.  of  Cape  Francois,  and  7  north  of 
Le;;  Gonaves. 

Plantain  Garden  River,  at  the  eaft 
end  oF  the  illand  of  Jamaica,  and  N.  by 
W.  of  Point  Monuu.    Tuere  is  a  k  tnd 

•f 


44»  '  >  L  A 

<c^  bsyf  tt  its  mouth ;  and  on  it,  within 
laB<f  t  is  the  town  of  Bath . 
.  PlASTO w,  or  Ph^ow,  a  townfliip 
in  the  routh-eaftern  part  of  Rockingham 
CO.  Ncw<Hamp(hii«,  feparated  from 
Haverhill  in  Maflfachufletts,  (of  which 
it  was  formerly  a  pait)  by  the  fouthem 
StMe  line.  It  wat  incorporated  in  17491 
and  contains  $*>  inhabitants  |  1  a  or  14 
imiles  (buth-weftward  of  Exeter,  and  30 
£>ath-weft  of  Portfmouth. 
.  Plata  Cays^  or  Kejfs,  a  large  (and- 
bank  from  10  to  14  leagues  north  of  the 
north  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
It  is  nearly  10  leagues  in  length*  at  weft 
-1>y  north,  and  from  s  to  6  miles  in 
lii-eadth.  The  eaft  end  is  nearly  due 
aorth  of  Old  Cape  Francois. 

Plata,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Quitu,  in  Peru,  4.  or  5  leagues  W.  N. 
W.  from  Cape  St.  Lorenzo,  and  in  lat. 
J.  10.  foutn.  It  is  4  )'\ilf8  long,  and 
if  broad;  and  affords  litJe  elfe  than 
grafs  and  fmall  trees.  The  anchoring 
places  ar^  on  the  eaft  fide  near  the  mid^v. 
die  of  the  ifland. 

Plata,  Rivt?r  de  la,  is  one  of  the 
largeft  rivers  on  this  g'ol  -ml  falls  into 
the  8.  Atlantic  Ocean  between  Capes  St. 
Anthony  IbuthwarH,  and  St.  Mary  on 
the  northward,  which  are  about  150 
milss  apart.  It  acquires  this  name  after 
the  jvinftion  of  the  Parana  and  Paraguay ; 
and  feparates  Braz;il  from  the  Defert 
Coaft.  Its  navigation,  altiiougli  very 
extenfivCj,  is  rather  dangerous,  on  ac- 
count of  the  numbetfof  i'amly  iflnnds  and 
roci^s  in  its  channel,  which  are  perhaps 
difficult  to  avoid,  by  realbn  of  the  cur- 
rents and  different  ftts  of  the  tide,  which 
they  produce.  For  theic  and  other  rea- 
ibnb,  (hips  feldom  enter  this  river,  un- 
Icfs  urged  by  necefliiyj-  efpecially  as 
there  are  many  bays,  harbours,  and 
ports  on  the  coaft  where  veflelr,  can  fint! 
good  and  lafe  anchorage.'  The  water 
]s  fweet,  clears  the  lungs,  and  is  f;ud  to 
be  a  fpecific  againft  rheums  and  de- 
fluxions  ;  but  is  of  a  petrifying  quality. 
See  Paraguay,  tor  a  more  particular  ac- 
count. Cape  St.  Anthony  is  in  lat.  36. 
3*.  fouth,  and  long  56.  34.  weft. 

Plata,  a  city  of  Peru,  in  S.  Ame- 
rica, in  the  province  of  Charcas,  built 
in  1539'  It  ftands  on  a  fmall  plain,  en- 
vironed by  eminences,  which  defend  it 
from  all  winds.  The  air  in  fummer  is 
very  mild;  nor  i?  ''n  any  conlider- 
abl^  difference  t*       gliout  the  year,  ex- 


FLA 

cept  in  the  winter  montfai,  viz.  Vhsfi 
June,  and  July,  when  ttmpcfts  of  thun- 
der and  lightning  and  rain  are  frequent  j 
but  all  the  other  parta  of  ths  year  tha 
air  is  ferene.  The  houles  hav^rinelight- 
ttil  grardens  j>lanted  with  European  fruit 
trees,  but  water  is  very  fcarce  in  the  city.' 
It  has  a  large  and  elegant  cathedral, 
adorned  with  paintings  and  gildings,  a 
church  for  Indians,  an  hofpital,  and  % 
nunneries;  and  contains  about  14,000 
inhabitants.  Here  alio  is  an  univerfity 
and  two  colleges,  in  which  leTiures  on 
all  the  fcicnces  are  read.  In  i^^s  vicinity 
are  mines  of  lilver  in  the  mov.ntain  of 
Porco;  which  have  been  neglefted  fince 
thofe  of  Potofi  were  difcovered.  It  is 
feated  on  'he  river  Chimbo,  500  miles 
S  E.  of  Cul'co.  S.  lat  19.  16.  weft 
long.  <3.  40.  The  jurifdiflion  of  this 
name  is  «oo  leagues  in  length,  and  100 
in  breath,  extending  on  each  lide  of  the 
famous  river  La  Plata.  •  In  winter  the 
nights  are  cold  but  the  days  mode- 
rately  warm.  The  froft  is  neither  vio- 
lent nor  lading,  and  the  fnows  veryin- 
confidcrable. 

Plate,  Monte  de^  a  mountainous 
fettlement  near  the  centre  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo,  towards  its  caftern  ex- 
tremity, I  5  leagues  north  of  the  mouth 
of  Macoriz  river,  and  16  to  the  nbrth- 
caft  of  the  city  ot  St.  Domingo.  It  was 
formerly  a  flom-ifliing  place,  and  called 
a  city;  but  the  whole  parifli  does  not 
now  contain  above  600  fouls.  Two 
leagues  to  the  N.  E.  of  it  is  the  wretch* 
ed  lettlement  of  Boya,  to  which  the  ca» 
cique  Henri  retired,  with  the  fmall  rem- 
nnnt  of  Indians,  when  the  cruelties  ot 
tlic  Spaniards,  in  the  reign  of  CharlesV, 
had  (Iiiven  him  to  a  revolt.  There  does 
not  now  exit!  cue  pnte  delcendant  of 
their  race. 

Plate,  Pomt^  the  nor4y  point  of  the 
entrance  into  Port  laiiphii.  m  the  E, 
coalt  of  tlic  ifl.uid  ot  Cape  Breton,  or 
Sydniv  ,  and  ^  Jcafj.u' s  lbi.;h  ell  by 
(oiith  ot  Capcl^umi,  whichjs  ihc  Ibuth- 
Wtft  boundary  of  die  harbour  ct   \chepe« 

Plate,  Fortde,  ontheN.Cv)altofthe 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  oveiicokpd  by 
a  white  mountain,  and  lies  sa  IcaguesW. 
of  Old  Cape  Francois.  It  has  3  fathoms 
water  at  its  entrance,  but  diminiflies 
within  i  and  is  but  an  indifferent  harlwur. 
The  bottom  is  in  ibme  parts  (harp  rocks, 
c.'ipable  of  cutting  the  cables.  A  vcflel 
muft,  on  entering,  keep  vcjy  dole  to  tli« 

point 


PLA 

poifit  of  the  breaker*  near  theeaftem  fort  { 
wheta  in.  flic  anchora  in  the  middle  of  the 
port.  The  eanton  of  Port  de  Plate  great  • 
ly  abounds  in  mines  of  gok),  filver  and 
copper.  Thtre  are  alfo  mines  of  plafter. 
It  is  unhealthy,  from  the  cuftom  which 
the  inhabitants  have  of  drinking  the  wa- 
ter of  a  ravin.  It  has  a  handfome  church 
and  about  1,500  inhabitants. 

Platb  FarfKUt  La,  a  town  on  the  S. 
fide  of  the  N.  peninFula  of  St.  Domingo, 
]  leagues  W.  of  point  du  Paradis,  which 
is  oppoiite  the  fettlement  of  that  name,  a 
leagtie  from  the  Tea ;  2|  leagues  S.  bvE. 
of  Bombarde,  and  13  S.  E.  by  S.  of  the 
Mole.  N.  lat.  19.  36.  W.  long,  from 
Paris,  75.  40. 

Platte,  La,  a  fmall  river  of  Ver- 
mont, which  falls  into  Lake  Champlain 
at  She}bume. 

Platform,  a  bay  on  the  N.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  eaftward  of  Dunk- 
lin's Cliff. 

Plattsburgh,  is  an  extenfivetown- 
fliip  in  Clinton  co.  New-Voik,  fitnated 
on  the  weftem  margin  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  lying  northerly  of  Willftorough, 
about  300  miles  north  of  New- York  city, 
and  nearly  that  diftance  foutherly  of 
Quebec  in  Canada.  From  the  fouth  part 
of  the  town  the  mountains  trund  away 
wide  from  the  lake,  and  leave  a  charm- 
ing traft  of  excellent  land,  of  a  rich 
loam,  well  watered,  and  about  an  equal 
proportion  fuitable  for  meadow  and  for 
tillag^.  The  land  riles  in  a  gentle  af- 
cent  tor  feveral  miles  from  the  lake,  of 
which  eveiy  farm  will  have  a  delightful 
view.  Several  years  ago,  this  townftiip, 
and  the  whole  county  indeed,  which  at 
prefent  contains  feveral  thoufand  inhabi- 
tants, was  a  wildernefs ;  now  they  have 
a  houfc  for  public  worftiip,  a  court  houfe 
and  gaol,  the  courts  of  common  pleas  and 
general  iedions  of  the  peace  fit  here  twice 
in  a  year;  they  have  artizans  of  aljfioli 
«very  kind  among  them,  and  fumifh 
among-  themfelves  all  the  materials  tor 
building,  glafs  excepted.  Polite  circles 
may  here  be  found,  and  the  genteel 
traveller  be  entertained  with  the  luxuries 
of  a  fea-port,  a  tune  on  the  harpfichord, 
ami  a  philolbphicnl  converlation.  In 
179Q,  it  contained  4.58  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 13  rtaves.  In  1796  there  were 
123  ot'  the  inhabitants  qualified  elec- 
tors. 

V L A.Y  Green,  or  Piifcacoi^an,  in  Upper 
Can.ida»  lies  near  the  north  Ihorc  of  Win- 


nipcg  Lake,  in  kt.s).  jrs*  sn^  long. 

97.  S*' 

Plkasant  Point,  a  north-oifterfr 
head-land  in  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  du- 
triA  of  Maine,  and  in  Lincoln  co.  See 
Merry  Meeting  Btn. 

Plfasant  Pnnt,  the  eaftem  boon* 
dary  of  the  mmith  ot  Hawk's,  or  Sand^ 
wicn  river,  in  the  harbour  of  ChebuAa^ 
on  the  fouthern  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia. 

Pleasant  River,  a  fmall  village 
where  is  a  poft- office  on  the  fea-coaft  of 
Waftiirtgton  co.  Diftrift  ot  Maine,  and 
at  the  head  of  Narraguagus  Bayj  i^ 
miles  N.  R.  of  Goldfboixnighy  and  3s 
W.  byS.  of  Machias. 

Plbin  River,  the  northern  head-wa- 
ter of  Illinois  river.  It  inttrlocks  with 
Chicago  riV'-T,  a  water  of  Lake  Michi* 
gan.  Forty  miles  from  its  ibnree  is  the 
place  called  Hid- Ifland  ;  a6  miles  farther 
it  pafles  through  Dupage  Lake ;  ami  y 
miles  below  the  lake,  and  fouthward  of 
Mount  Juliet,  it  joins  Theakiki  river, 
which  comes  from  theealtwnrd.  Thence 
the  united  ftream  affumes  the  name  « 
Illinois.  The  land  between  f'  .  ie 
branches  is  rich,  and  intermixed  w^'K 
fwamps  and  ponds. 

Pluckemin,  a  town  or  village  of 
fome  trade,  in  Somerfet  co.  New- Jtrley,, 
28  miles  north  of  Princeton,  and  about 
18  S.  W.  of  Brunfwictc.  It  deriveii  its 
(ingularname  from  an  old  Irishman  not- 
ed for  his  addrcfs  in  taking  in  people. 

Plue,  Lac  la,  or  Rainy  Lake,  liee 
W.  by  N.  of  Lake  Superior,  and  E.  by 
S.  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  in  Upper 
Canada.  The  Narrows  sre  in  north 
lat. 

Fort  Lac  la  Plue 
Ifland  Poitage     - 
At  the  Barrier      -     - 
W.  Longitude 

^i.viAi\ Ifland,  on  the  coaft  ofMalTa- 
chufetts,  is  about  9  miles  long,  and  a- 
bout  half  a  mile  brorid,  extending  from 
the  entrance  of  Ipl'wich  river  on  tlie 
Ibuth,  nearly  a  north  courfe  to  the  mouth 
of  Merrimack  river  and  is  feparated 
from  the  main  land  by  a  narrow  Ibimd, 
called  Plumb  Ifland  1  ivtr,  whicl>  is  ford- 
able  in  feveral  places  iit  low  water.  It 
confifts  (or  ;he  moft  part  of  (and,  blown 
into  ludicrous  heaps,  and  crowned  with 
bufhes  bearing  the  bench  plum.  There 
is  however,  a  valuable  prop^  rty  of  lalt- 
marfli,  and  at  the  S.  end  of  the  ifland, 
are  z  or  3  good  farms.     On  the  N.  end 

ftaod 


49' 

3'    » 

48 

35  49 

50 

7   3« 

SO 

7  5* 

95 

8  30 

PLY 

Amd  the  light-hourtt,  and  tlie  remMHi 
of  I  wooden  tort,  built  during  the  war, 
far  the  detience  oF  the  har^ur.  On  the 
fea  fliore  of  this  ii'.and,  uad  on  Saliftniry 
litach,  the  nurine  Suciety^  and  other 
gentlemen  of  Newbury-Port,  haw  hu- 
fiMtcly  eiclted  feveral  ftnall  houAsa,  fur- 
Bimed  with  fuej  and  other  ponveniences, 
for  the  relief  of  mariners  who  may  be 
Hiipwrecked  on  this  coaft.  The  N.  end 
lies  in  lat.  4.3.  4.  N.  and  long.  70.  47. 
W.     See  NKmbury-Port. 

Plumb  ifiund^  on  the  N.  E.  coaft  of 
lAig-Illand,  in  the  S(gte  of  New- York, 
is  annexed  to  Southhold  in  SulRfoik  co. 
It  contains  about  800  acreSf  and  i'upports 
7  fanuies.  It  is  fertile,  and  pioduces 
wliear,  com,  butter,  chcefe,  and  wool. 
It  is  three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  the 
caflern  point  of  Southhold.  This  idand, 
with  the  Tandy  point  of  Gardner's  Inland, 
form  the  entrance  of  Gardner's  Bay. 

Plumb  Point t  Great,  on  the  S.  coaft 
•f  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  forms  the  S.  £. 
limit  of  the  pcniufula  of  Port-Royal, 
which  (hcltrrs  the  harbour  of  Kingfton. 
Littl  ''^'mb  Point  lies  wellward  of  the 
fornnei ,  waids  the  town  of  Port- Royal, 
on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  peninfuia. 

pLVMST£i«D,  a  |>olt-town  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  fituated  on  the  W.  fide  of 
Delaware  river,  36  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  1 3  S«  by  v  of  Alexandria, 
in  New-Jerlcy. 

Plymouth,  a  mari*'ime  county  in 
the  eaflern  part  of  the  State  of  Mafla- 
chulistts,  having  MuiTachufetts  Bay  to 
the  N.  E.  Kriltol  co.  S.  W.  Barnltaple 
CO.  S.  E.  and  Norfolk  co.  N.  W,  It  is 
iuhdiviiled  into'i  j  townfhips,  of  which 
Plymouth  is  the  chief;  artd  contain* 
4,0^40  huufes  and  »9<5:)5  inhabitants. 
Within  the  counties  of  Plyiuouth  and 
Briltol,  ther«  are  now  in  operation,  14 
Mail,  and  6  nir  l'urnace»,  20  forges,  7 
fitting  and  rolling  mills,  befide  a  num- 
ber of  trip-lvanmier  Hiops,  and  an  almoli 
incredible  number  ol  nail-ihops,  and 
others  for  common  fmithery.  Thefe  fur> 
naces,  fuppiieiL  from  the  neighbouring 
mines,  produce  annually  from  1,500  to 
1,800  tons  of  iion  ware.  The  forges, 
on  an  average,  manufa£hire  iriore  than 
1,000  tuns  annually,  and  the  Hitting  and 
rolling  mills,  at  leall  1,500  tons.  The 
various  manufuftures  of  thefe  mills,  have 
given  rife  to  many  other  branches  in 
iron  and  fteel,  viz.  cut  and  hammered 
nails)  fpades  ami  ihoveUi  card  teeth. 


PLY 

fawi,  fcythe*)  metal  button*,  eaimon 
birilf,  bills,  fire  arms,  &c.  Ib  theic 
counties  are  alio  manufactured  hand-bel- 
lows, coBfihs,  Oieet-iron  for  the  tin  nianu- 
failure,  wire,  linfeed  oil,  <nufF,  fione  and 
earthen  ware.  The  iron-works,  called 
the  Federal  Furnace,  are  7  mile*  trom 
Plyinouth  harbour.  4^1, 

Plymouth,  a  fea-port  town  in  Maf- 
fachufctts,  fliire  town  of  the  county  of 
Plymouth,  42  miles  S.  trom  Bofton ;  a 
poft-town  and  port  of  entry  ;  bouixlea 
northerly  by  Kingfton,  and  a  line  ex- 
tending acrois  the  harbour  to  the  Gar- 
nefi  werterly  S}y  Carver  i  fonthwly  by 
IVarebattt  and  Saftdijuicb,  and  cafterly 
by  the  fea.     The  townfhip  is  extenfivei 
containing  more  than  80  fquare  miles. 
Tt  is  about  16  mile$  in  length,  and  more 
than  5  miles  in  breadth.     The  number 
of  inhabitants,  l>y  the  cenfus  of  179 1. 
wa^  a»995.     The  Tlnw»,  or  principal 
fettlement,  which   contains  more  than 
two- thirds  of  the  inhabitanti,  is  on  the 
north-ealUrly  part  of  the  townihip,  near 
a  Aream  cailed  the  Town  Bronk,  which 
flows  from  a  large  pond,  bearipg  the 
name    of  BiUington-Sea,      One   rnair^ 
iireet  erodes  the  iiream,  and  is   inter> 
I'efted  by  three  crof*  ftreets,  extending 
to  the  (hore :  another  (Ireet  runs  wefter. 
ly  on  the  north  fide  of  the  brook.     The 
town  is  compactly  built,  and  contains 
about  200  dwelling-houfes,  (the  greater 
part  of  which  are  on   the  north  iid^ 
of   the    Town    Brook)    a    handfomtt 
meeting-houfe,  court- houfe,  and  gaol* 
There  are  two  precin6ls ;   one  includes 
the  town,  and   the  diih'i6ls  of  Hobbt 
Hole,  and  Eet  River ;  the   other  is  at 
Monument  Ponds,  a  village  lying  about 
7  miles  S.  from  the  town,  beyond  the 
high  lands  of  Monument.      The  foil 
near  the  coalt  is  generally  good ;  the 
refidue  of  the  townflup  is  barren,  ant^ 
notwithibnding  the  antiquity  of  the  fet- 
tlement, is  yet  a  foreft.     The  wood  i% 
principally  pine,  though  there  are  many 
trails  covered  with  oak.     tThe  harbour. 
iH  capacious,  but  fliallow,  and  is  form- 
ed   by   a  long   and    narrow    neck  of 
land^  called  Salt  houfe  Beach,  extend- 
ing   Ibutherly    from    Mailhiield,    and 
terminatuig  at  the   Gurnet  Head,  and 
by  a   fmaitcr   beach   within,    running 
in  an  oppolite  direction,  and  connected 
with  the  main  land  near  Eel  river,  about 
3   miles  from  the  town.     There  is  a 
lig^t-houle  00  tJK  Gurnet,  and  on  Salt-^ 

bouft 


PLY 


lOllt 

a 

ottft 


t$»ft  Beach  is  placed  one  of  the  huts 
ere£led  and  maintained  by  the  humane 
Society  of  Maflachufetts,  for  the  recep- 
tion and  relief  of  Ihipwrcckedmarinen. 
Thei'e  is  a  breach  in  the  inner  b«achi 
wliich  expofes  the  (hippinv,  even  at  the 
wharves,  during  an  eafterly  ftorm. 

The  principal  bufinefs  of  the  town  1  from 
is  the  ndfijkerj,  in  which  are  employed 
s«oae  tons  of  (hipping,  and  about  300 
iMcn  annually.     There  are  a  few  coaft- 
m^  veiTcls  belonging  to  the  place,  and 
a  brigs  ;  and  10  or  iz  fchooners,  em- 
ployed in  foreign  trade.     Many  of  the 
tiHiing   vefTcls   make   voyages  to    tlie 
Southern  States,  in  the  winter  feafon. 
The  exports,  which,  at  the  commence- 
ment or  the  pvelifnt  federal  government, 
were  very  inconfiderable,  not  exceeding 
8,000   or  9,000  dollars  annually,  are 
now   refpe£table.     In   1795,  they  ex- 
ceeded  70,000  dollars,  and   in   1796, 
they  amounted  to  near  130,000  dollars. 
Formerly  the  produce  of  the  fifhery  was 
(old  at  Bofton,  or  Salem ;  it  is  now  al- 
tnoft  wholly  exported  from  the  town, 
and  confiderable  quantities  offifhhave 
lately  been  purchafed  at  Boftoti,  and  ex- 
ported from  Plymouth.     The  pi-oceeds 
of  the  foreign  voyages,   are  generally 
conveyed  to  Bofton  for  a  market. 

The  lofles  and  fuflPcrings  of  the  in- 
habitants of  Plymouth,  (hiring  the  war 
tor  independence,  were  extreme.     Their 
velTeU  were  almoft  nil  captured  or  loft. 
The  men  who  ufed  to  be  employed   in 
them,  were  difperfed  in  the  i'ea  and  land 
fervice,  in  which  many  of  them  loft  their 
lives  t  a  great  number  of  widows  nnd  or- 
phans were  left  deftitute  }  hufinej's  lan- 
guifhed;   houfes,  ft  ires,  and  wharves 
went  to  decay,  and  a  genei-al  appearance 
of  poverty  and  opprchlon  prevailed.     A 
few  years  of  peace  and  good  government 
have  revelled  this  melancholy  (tate  of 
things.     A  young,  induftrious,and  en- 
terprifing  race  of  Teamen  has  fucceeded 
to  thofe  who  are  gone :  bufmefs  has  re- 
vived ;  the  navigation  and  commerce  of 
the  place  are  more  refpeilable  than  at  any 
former  period  \  the  houfes  are  in  good 
repair,  many  new  ones  are  eref^ed,  and 
a  fpirit  of  euterprize  and  improvement 
is  apparent.    An  academy  is  contem- 
plated:   a  valuabte  flitting-mill,    and 
other  works,  are  erefted  on  the  Town 
Brook.     A  llage,  which  goes  twice  a 
w«ek  to  Bofton,  is  well  firpported ;  and 
an  a^uedu^  for  bringing  irelh  water  to 


p  L  V  ^^t 

tlie  houfet  of  the  inhahhantt  !a  iiMnt 
completed.    The   townfhip 


than  half  completed.    The 
abo  mds  with  ponds  and  ftreamt.  Mon 
than  too  ponds  appear  on  the  map  late- 
ly taken  by  a  Committee  of  the  towag 
and  tranfmitted  to  the  Secretary's  of- 
fice.   BUlington  Sea  is  about  t  miles 
the  town,  and  covert  near  )oo 
acres.    From  the  ftreara  flowing  from 
this  pond,  the  aquedu^  will  be  Aipplied. 
So:ttP  PonJ  is  much  larger.     Further 
fouth  is  Halfnuay  Pond  and  Long  Poni, 
Near  Sandwich  Tine  is  the  GreM  Her- 
ring Pond.     To  Billing^on  Sea,  Half- 
way Pond,  and  the  Great  Herring  Pond, 
alewives  refort  in  their  feafon  in  great' 
abundance.    The  Grrat  Herri$ig  PtMj 
has  been  contemplated  ns  a  rel'ervoir  for 
the  projcfled  canal  acrofs  the  ifthtnut 
between  Buzzard  and  BarnftahU  Bays. 
Many  of  the  ponds  abound  >vith  white 
and  red  perch,  pike,  and  other  frefi  wa- 
ter ii(h  J  and  in  the  numerous  brooks 
which  run  into  the  Tea  in  different  parts 
of  the  town(hip,  are  found  excellent  trout. 
Thefe  ponds  and  ftreams  are  often  the 
fcenes  of  amufement  for  parties  of  both 
fexes  in  the  fummer  feafon. 

At  the  village  of  Monument  Ponds 
and  Eel  river,  and  in  fome  other  parts 
of  the  town(hip,  many  of  the  inhabitants 
are  farmers.  In  the  TVovir,  the  gardens 
are  numerous  and  well  cultivatwl,  and 
when  aided  by  the  aqueduft,  will  be 
produ£live  equal  to  the  wants  of  the  in- 
habitants. 

The  fituation  of  the  town  is  pleafant 
and  htialthful.  The  eafterly  winds  of 
the  Spring,  however,  are  diilirening  to 
perfons  6t  tender  habits,  and  are  uncom- 
fortable even  to  the  robuft.  The  niar- 
ket  is  not  regularly  llipplied.  Fuel, 
fifti,  poultry,  and  wild  fowl  are  plenti- 
ful and  cheaper,  perhaps,  than  in  anv 
other  fea-  port  of  the  fize.  The  people 
are  fober,  friendly ,  and  induftr ious .  It  is 
the  firfl:  lettlement  in  New-England,  and 
is  peopled,  principally,  by  the  defcend- 
ants  of  the  ancient  ftock.  But  few  fo- 
reigners are  among  tlieni.  The  rock  on 
which  their  forefathers  firft  landed,  was 
conveyed,  in  1774,  from  the  (hore  to  a 
fquare  in  the  centre  of  the  town.  The 
fentimental  traveller  will  not  fail  to  view 
it ;  and  if  he  is  palling  to  Cape  Cod,  he 
will  paufe  a  moment  at  clamfudding 
Pond,  about  7  miles  from  the  town,  where 
the  people  in  ancient  days,  when  travel- 
,  ling  &tm  the  Cape  to  attend  the  courts  oi^ 

Pl/meutb, 


PLY 

irniouth,  nM  to  fit  and  renle  them- 

m>  withtheclam*  and  pud'Tiiig  which 
they  brought  with  them.  A  fev/  miles 
further  fouth,  on  the  fame  road,  are  the 
fieri/ct  rpcktf  whicli  are  covered  with 
the  dry  limbs  of  trees  and  pine  knots, 
heaped  upon  them  l>y  the  Indians  as 
they  ^fs  by,  in  obftrvance  of  an  an- 
cient ufage,  the  origin  of  wliich  is  un- 
certain' 

The  clieapnefs  of  li'/irg,  the  plenty 
of  fuel,  ann  the  convenient  mill-feats 
which  are  to  be  found  in  Plymouth,  will 
prob^lbiy  render  it,  at  fome  future  pe- 
riod, a  confiderablc  manufafturingtown. 
Domeftic  manufa6\ures  are  now  very 
general  there.  Fifliery  and  foreign  com- 
merce at  prcfent  engage  almolt  all  the 
a£live  capital  of  the  town )  but  the  con- 
tuii^'Tncies  to  which  they  are  expofed 
may  lead  to  fome  other  fources  of  em- 
ploymert  and  profit.  . 

In  the  three  laft  quarters  of  1796,  the 
exports  were  as  follow  s 


Second  quarter 
Third  ditto 
Fourth  ditto 


dollars, 

3^.634 
36,006 


In  the  firft  quarter  of  theprefent  year 
^1797)  they  amounted  only  to  11,4.66 
dollars.  This  diminution  lus  been  pro- 
duced by  the  apprehenfions  excitecl  by 
the  depredations  of  the  French  on  the 
commerce  of  the  United  States. 

Plymouth,  a  town  of  New- York, 
in  Onondago  to.  lately  laid  out  and 
named  by  E.  VVatfon,  Efq.  a  native  of 
Plymouth,  New-England.  The  town 
lies  about  la  miles  tbuth-eaft  of  Geneva, 
on  a  beautiful  declivity  on  the  cad  fide 
of  Seneca  Lake,  and  commands  a  charm- 
ing and  extenfive  view  of  the  whole 
lake.  The  town  plat  is  on  the  fpot 
formerly  called  Apple-Town,  and  was 
the  head-quarters  of  the  Seneca  Indians, 
who  were  conquered  and  difperfed  by 
Gen.  Sullivan,  in  his  wcftern  expedition 
in  1779.  The  fituation  is  healthful  and 
pleafant,  well  watered  by  copious  living 
iprings.  Twenty  hotifes  were  build- 
ing here  in  1796,  and  as  the  new 
State -road,  from  the  Cayuga,  inter- 
fefts  the  town,  a  ferry  eftabliftied,  and 
another  town  laid  out  on  tiie  oppo- 
fite  fide  of  the  lake,  it  promifes  fair 
to  become   a  conliderable    antjl    very 


POO 

thrivinff  ▼illa|;e.  It  it  wtll  wattttd 
by  copioui  fpringst 

Plymouth,  a  town  inLitehficld  co« 
ConneAicut. 

Plymouth,  a  poft-towii  pf  Kcw. 
Hampfhire,  fituated  in  Grafton  co.  at 
the  mouth  ofBaker^sriver^  on  itsS<fide« 
where  it  falls  into  the  river  Pemigewaf. 
fetj  45  miles  N.of  Concord^  71  north* 
wefterly  of  Portfmouth,  and  445  N.  E. 
of  Philadelphia.  The  townfhip  was 
incorporated  in  1763,  and  contams  6x5 
inhabitants. 

Plymouth,  the  name  of  two  town- 
fliiptf  in  Fennfylvania,  the  one  in  Lu.. 
zeme  co.  the  other  in  that  of  Mont, 
gomery. 

Plymouth,  a  fmall  poft-townof  N. 
Carolina,  on  the  fouih  fide  of  Roanoke 
river,  about  3  miles  above  Albemarle 
Sound.  It  is  29  miles  fouth-weft  by 
S.  of  Edenton,  and  463  fouth  by  welt 
ot  Philadelphia. 

Plymouth,  a  fettlemeiit  on  tha 
fouth  pcninlula  of  the  ifland  of  St* 
Domingo,  and  in  the  dependence  of 
Jeremie. 

Plymouth-Town,  in  the  iflandof 
Tobago,  in  the  Weft-Indies.  N.  lat. 
10.  10.  W.  long.  60.  3». 

Plympton,  a  township  in  Plymouth 
CO.  Mafikchufetts, 45 miles  S.  £.  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1707,  and 
contains  956  inhabitants. 

Pocahontas,  a  town  in  Chefter- 
field  CO.  Virginia,  within  the  jurifc'ic- 
tion  of  Peterlburgh  in  Dinwiddle  co.  It 
probably  derives  its  name  from  the  fa^ 
mous  princefs  Pocahontas,  the  daughter 
of  king  Powhatan. 

PocKREKESKO,  a  river  of  New-Brj.* 
tain,  N.  America. 

Pocomoke,  an  eaftem  water  of 
Chefapeak  Bay,  navigable  a  few  miles. 
On  its  eaftem  fide,  about  io  miles  from 
its  mouth,  is  the  town  of  Snow  Hill. 

POCOTALIGO,  a  village  or  S.  Caro^ 
lina,  1 5  miles  from  Conibahee  ferry,  and 
67  from  Charleftown. 

POGE,  Cape,  theN.  E.  p^int  of  Cha* 
baquiddick  Ifland,  near  Martha^s  Vine- 
yard. Maflachufetts.  From  Holmes's 
Hole  to  this  cape  the  coiiri'e  is  S.  E.  by 
E.  3|  leagues  diftant.  In  th?  channel 
between  them  there  are  j  i  and  1  z  fa- 
thoms water.  N.  lat.  41.  35.  W.  long, 
from  Greenwich,  70.  zz. 

Point,  a  townlhip  in  Ncrthumbcr- 
land  CO.  Penniylvania-, 

P&INT 


by 
ivl 

fa- 

IS- 


F  O  t 

.  PoiMT  AldtrtoMt  the  S.  W.  point  of 
Softon  harbour.     N.  bt.  4.1.  10.  W. 

PoiNT-AU  FBR,aplacencarthchcai1 
or  northern  part  of  Lake  Champlain, 
within  the  limits  of  the  United  States. 
It  was  delivered  up  by  the  BritiAi  in 

179*. 

.  Point  U  Pro,  the  eafterii  limit  of 
Pa(ramaqiio<idy  Bayi  on  the  coaft  of 
New- Brunswick. 

PoiNTE  de$  Pieges,  It  cape  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  .Aand  of  St.  Domingo, 
»  leagues  weft  of  the  mouth  of  Peder- 
iiales  river. 

Point  Judith,  in  the  townfhip  of 
South  KLingftown,  isthelbuth  extrer'.y 
of  the  weltern  (horc  of  Nairaganiet  Bay 
in  Rhode-Iiland.  It  is  9  miles  Ibuth- 
fouth-weft  of  Newport.  N.  lat.4.1. 24. 
W.  long.  71.  »8. 

Point  Pttre,  in  tlie  ifland  of  Guada- 
knipe,  has  (Ironj;  fortifications,  ainl  lies 
about  lo  miles  from  Fort  Louis. 

PoiAUHTECULi  called  by  the  Spa- 
niards Voican  de  Orizuba,  a  celebrated 
mountain  in  Mexico,  or  New- Spain, 
which  began  to  fend  forth  fmuke  in 
154.5,  and  continued  to  do  ib  for  ao 
years ;  hut  for  two  centuries  p^,  there 
has  not  been  obferved  the  fmalleit  fign 
of  burning.  The  mountain,  which  is 
<if&  conical  figure,  is  the  higheft  land 
in  Mexico,  and  is  defcried  by  feamen 
who  are  Aeering  that  way,  at  the  dif- 
tance  of  50  leapu^s ;  and  is  higher  than 
the  Peak  of  Tenei  itfe.  Its  top  is  al- 
ways covereil  with  i'now,  and  its  bonier 
adorned  with  large  cedars,  }une,  and 
other  trees  of  valuable  wood,  which 
make  the  profpefl  of  it  every  way  beau- 
tiful, it  is  90  miles  eaftward  of  the 
city  of  Mexico. 

PoKONCA,a  mounUin  in  Northamp- 
ton CO.  Pennfylvania,  %%  miles  N.  W. 
of  Eflfton,  and  z6  fouth-eailcrly  of 
Wyoming  Falls. 

Poland,  a  townfhip  in  Cumberland 
CO,  DiiSlrift  of  Maine. 

PoLLlPLES  Ijland,  a  fmall  rocky 
ifland,  about  80  or  100  rods  in  circum 
ference,  at  the  northern  entrance  of 
the  High .  Lands  in  Hiidlbn's  river  : 
remarkable  only  as  tt;e  place  where 
fuilors  require  a  treat  of  perfons  who 
iiave  never  before  paiTed  the  liver. 

PoMALACTA,  a  village  in  the  jurii- 
4}i£lion  of  the  town  of  Guafuntos,  in 
the  province  of  Qii,ito,  famous  for  che 


PON  4^ 

r\iini  of  afortrefs  built  by  tht  Ynca»,or 
ancient  emperors  of  Peru. 

PoMFKBT,  a  townfhtpin  Windfor 
CO.  Vermont,  containing  710  iiihabi* 
tants.  It  is  11  miles  W.  of  the  fcrrr  on 
Connecticut  river,  in  the  town  of  Hut* 
lord,  and  64  north^eaft  of  Benning- 
ton. 

PoMFR  ET,  a  poft.town  of  ConncAi- 
cut,  in  Wtndl>ain  <o.  It  is  ^a  mtlcs  E. 
by  N.  of  Hartford,  66  S.  W.  of  Boftoa. 
and  164  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia  |  ami 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  nvd 
a  few  ncat^houfes.  The  townihip  was 
fii(f  fettled  in  1686  by  emigrants  from 
Ruxbury.  It  was  part  of  tht  Afayflva- 
motjuft  piu'chafe,  and  in  171 3  it  waa 
ere6tid  into  a  townfliip.  Quinabaug  ^ 
river  feparates  it  from  Killingff  on  the 
eaft.  In  Pomfret  is  the  famous  cave, 
where  General  Putnam  conquered  andl 
flew  the  wolf. 

POMPTON,  in  Bergen  co.  New-Jer- 
fey,  lies  on  Ringwood,  a  branch  of  Paf- 
faik  river,  about  13  miles  north-weft  of 
New. York  city. 

PoMPEY,  a  military  townfhip  in  O- 
nondago  co.  New-York,  incorporated 
in  1794.  It  comprehends  the  town- 
fliips  of  Pompey,  Tully,  and  Fabius, 
together  with  that  part  of  the  lands 
called  the  Onondago  Refervation} 
bounded  northerly  by  the  Geneffee  road, 
and  wefterly  by  the  Onondago  Creek. 
In  1796,  there  were  179  of  the  inhabi- 
tants qualified  electors. 

PoNPON.  See  Ediflo  River,  Soutk- 
Carolina. 

PoNTE  </«  Dio.  See  Atoyaque. 
PoNTCHARTRAiN,  a  lake  of  Weft- 
Florida,  which  communicates  eaftwaid 
with  the  Gulf  Mexico,  and  weftward 
with  Miflilippi  river,  through  Lake 
Maurcpas  and  Ibberville  river.  It  't 
about  40  mile!«  long,  24  broad,  and  iX 
feet  deep.  The  following  creeks  fall 
into  it  on  the  N.  faic,  viz.  Tangipaho, 
and  Le  Comble,  4  feet  deep }  Chefunc- 
ta,  7;  and  Bonfouca,6;  and  from  tlte 
peninlula  of  Orleans,  Tigahoc,  at  the 
mouth  of  which  was  a  fmail  poft.  The 
Hayouk  of  St.  John  aUb  communicates 
on  the  fame  fide.  The  French  inhabi- 
tants, who  formerly  refided  on  the  N» 
fide  of  this  lake,  chiefly  employed  them- 
Iclves  in  making  pitcl),  tur  and  turpen. 
tine,  ?.nd  raifing  ffock,  for  which  the 
coitntiy  is  very  tavourable.    See  Maur** 

i/-^^-  „       1 

PONTCHARTRMN* 


> 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


21    12.5 


US 

mm 

m  m 


us 


I 


2.0 


iiil 

1.4    ii.6 


-    6" 


^ 


^ 


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7 


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^ 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

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FONTCMARTiiAiN,  atiUIand  iiiLiBke 
8up«rior»  fcHith  by  weft  of  MaurapM 
'Itandt  and   Mirth-wt^   of  Hocquait 


PtfHTBOtyi,  or  Prntufiii,  a  point  on 
<he  W.  ooaft  of  Moiico,  lo  Icagueir 
if.  by  S.%f  Cape  Coricnteif  between 
«rhich  is  the  bay  de  ValdeMM;  To  the 
«eft«Mird  <tf  it  are  two  fiuall  iflands' 
•f  Hi  name,  a  league  from  the  main. 
There  are  aUb  rocluy  called  the  rocks  cff 
iVmte^ue,  so  leuuee  lbuth*weft  of  the 
|mrt  of  MatancheK 

J'  For  A  Mad&v  ,  a  town  of  S.  Amerira; 
|il  Terra  Finna*  50  miles  caft  of  parrha. 
'f«w.  N.  latitude  10.  i5.wcftk)ngitude 

PoJ^ArAN^a  profinceofS.  America, 
in  New  Granada,  aboat  400  milea  in 
length  and  300  iu  bi:eadth.  The  coun- 
ty 1>  UDhndthy,  b^t  vaft  quantities 
of  goM  are  found  in  it.  it  ie  ftill 
■nwftiy  in  poflefioo  of  the  native  Ame- 
ikana. 

FtopATAN,  tbeoi^ital  of  the  above 
province,  and  a  biihop'e  fee,  inhabited 
finely  1^  creoke.  It  it  aao  miles  N. 
CofX^ito. 

Poplar  Sfru^t  in  thcnorth-weltern 
fwt  of  Ann  Arundel  co.  Maryland, 
near  a  brook,  y  miles  foutherly  of  the 
weft  branch  of  Patapfco  river,  on  the 
^igh  road  from  BaltiKtoretoFrederickf. 
town,  about  a  7  miles  weft  of  Baltimore, 
•nd4.t  N.  W.  of  Annapolis. 

Poplin,  a  townfliip  of  New-Hamp- 

Aiit,  in  Rockingham  co.  11  miles  wef- 

terly  of  Exeter,  and  »6  weHrrlyofPortf. 

•  ttottth.    It  was  incorporated  in  i764-> 

"^ind  contains  493  inhab'-^ftts. 

Poou800MSUCK,ariver<tf  Vermont, 
which  rans  a  foutherly  courfe,  and  falls 
into  Cm^neAicut  river  in  the  townihip 
of  Bamet,  near  the  Lor  ;r  bar  of  the  15 
•life  Mis.  It  is  100  yards  wide,  and 
•oted  for  tte  quantity  and  quality  of 
Ahnon  it  m-^duces.  On  this  nver, 
which  is  fettled  to  miles  up,  are  feme 
«f  the  beft  townlhips  in  the  State. 

Po<^I  Chovoie,  a  low  flat  point 
-ketween  the  got  of  Chepagan  and  the 
Milage  of  Caraquet,  on  the  ibuthern  fide 
«f  Cbaleur  Bay.  It  is  about  4  leagues 
4iftant  from  the  gut,  in  a  fouth-weft  di- 
«eAieo.  The  ifland  of  Camquet ,  at  the 
fomc  ^iftance  from  the  gut,  lies  in  a 
weft direAion  from  the  main.  The  vil. 
Jige  ia  about  3  leagues  in  extent ;  its 
flaatationst  fcc.  has  a  church,  and  a 


namber  ^inhabttantl#  all  Roman  6f« 
thi;:ics.  The  dyttcr  and  coil.fiflicrW 
are  carried  on  here.> 

PoiCAS,  Ilbadit  0iljkuidif  thgii 
lies  eaftward  of  St.  Sebaftian's  Ifland; 
on  the  coaft  cf  Brazil,  and  so  milesleaft- 
vrard  of  the  Bay  of  Saints.     ,  , 

PoRC At;,  JMsirro  ^,  or  Heg'i  Strand, 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  New  Mexico,  is 
ikHTthward  6f  Peuit  Higueh^,  the  fouth- 
weft  point  of  the  peninfula  which  forms 
the  bay  of  Panama:  From  thence  (hips' 
ufu'ailytake  their  departure,  tbgo'finith- 
ward  foi^  the  coaft  of  Pem. 

.PoRCo,  a  jurifdiftion  of  S.' America,' 
in  the  province  of  Char^bs,  bi^iatiing^ 
at  the  weft  end  6f  the  town  of  Poto^* 
about  ^5  leagues  from  the  city  of  La 
Plata,  aiid  exteodine  about  so  leagues.' 

PoRco,  a  town  m  theabojvc  junfilic<> 
tion,  weft  of  the  mines  of  Potofi.  S; 
lat.  19.^  40;  W.  long.  (4. 0. 

PoRCUPiRB,  Capei  See  Ltrw-M- 
down, 

PoRPOiSBf  Caft,  ba  the  eoaft  of 
York  CO.  DiftriA  of  Maine,  is  7  leagueb; 
N.  by  E.  of  Cape  Neddotk,  and  i  fouth. 
weft  of  Wood-Ifland.  It  is  known  hy 
the  highlands  of  Kenmbnnk,'  which  Iw 
to  the  north-weft  of  it*  A  Veffel  that 
draws  10  feet  winter  wtll  he  agixnind  at 
low  water  in  the  harbour  here.-  ^t  is  fix 
narrow  that  a  veffel  cannot  turn  round  ; 
is  within  looyardsof  the  fea,  andfecure 
from  all  winds,  whether  you  have  anchor 
or  not. 

Port  tf  Spain,  the  capital  of  the 
ifland  of  Trinidad,  in  the  Weft  Indies, 
iituated  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  ifland.  • 

PORTAOB,  Pwa,  on  the  eaft  coal^  of 
New-Brunfwick,  and  in  the  Iboth-weft 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  forms 
the  N.  limit  ofMiramicby  Bay,  as  P(»nt 
Ecoumenac  does  the  ibuth. 

Fort  Amherst,  a  bay  on  the  fouth> 
eafteni  coaft  of  Nova- Scotia,  (buth-weft 
of  Port  Rofeway,  and  17  miles  N.  E. 
of  Cape  Sable. 

Port  Ancel,  a  harbour  on  the  W^ 
coaft  of  Meaito,  abou^  halfway  between 
St.  Pedro  and  Compoftella.  It  is  n 
broad  and  open  bay,  having  |x>ed  an> 
chorage,  but  bad  landing.  N. lat.  »3« 
3s.  W.  long.  97.  4. 

Port  Antonio,  in  the  north-ea& 
tern  part  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
lies  W.  by  N.  of  the  north-esift  point) 
having  Fort  Gcorn  and  Navy  lflan4 
on  the  weft)  and  Wood'i  Ifland  eaft- 

ww4« 


1^ 


Unt&i  tt  19  capable  of  holding  a  large 
licet }  and  if  it  vrere  fortifitd  and  ac- 
commodated  for  refitting  fliipi  of  virart 
yrould  bff  of  great  importance^  at  it  i» 
only  ]6  league*  wefterlyofCapeTibu* 
»on>  in  St,  DomingOk  and  open*  direflly 
Into  the  Windward  raflage.  The  town 
of  Titehfield  lies  on  thifbay. 
.  PoaTA  Miaria,  in  the  N.  E.  part  of 
lh«  ifland  of  Jamaica*  i»  fouth-eafterly 
from  Oallina  point. 

PoaTA  Portt  on  thejl.  W.  fide  of 
the  illand  of  Newfoundland  { the  Ibuth 
entrance  into  which  i>  lo  or  s»  ieaguea 
Irom  Cape  St.  GcArgt;. 

Port  mi  Princtt  a  jurifdiftlon  and 
jboDoitf  at  the  head  of  the  great  Bay  or 
Bight  of  Leoganc)  in  the  weft  part  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Doniirtgo.  The  town, 
which  it  featcd  on  the  head  of  the  bav, 
i«  the  feat  of  the  French  government  in 
time  of  pcace>  and  a  place  of  confidera- 
ble  trade.  Though  Itngularly  favonred 
with  the  caft  wind»,  it  waa  long  the 
tomb  of  the  unhappy  Europeans,  jn  con- 
fequence  of  the  aimcuky  of  obtaining 
food  water.  By  the  exeitione  of  M. 
de  Marboit*  who  refided  here  about  5 
Yean,  in  conftruAing  fountain*,  public 
bafont,  and  airy  prifons,  the  place  hat 
become  far  more  healthy  and  defireabte. 
The  jurtfdi£tion  contains  6  parifliet,  and 
ita  export*  firom  January  x,  1789,  to 
'Dee.  31,  pf  the  fame  year,  were  as 
followi  1,4.97,321  lbs.  white  fugar; 
44,7i6,ax61bs.  jrowDliigar;i7,Ss9,4z4 
U>s.  coffee;  1,878,999  lbs.  cotton; 
137,951  lb*,  indigo;  other  article*,  as 
hides,  raolafles,  fpirits,  ice.  to  the  value 
•f  8,x4Si  livres.  The  total  value  of 
duties  on  the  above  articles  oA  exporta« 
tion  was  189,945  dolls.  46  cents.  This 
m  line  town  was  nearly  burnt  down  by 
^fe^  the  revolting  negroes,  in  Nov.  and  Dec. 
I^P  1791.  It  is  only  fit  for  a  fiiippipg 
place  for  the  orodiKt^  of  the  adjacent 
country,  and  tor  that  of  the  rich  plains 
of  the  Cut  de  Sac  to  the  northward. 
The  ifiand  of  Gonave  to  the  weftward 
would  enable  a  fquadron  to  block  up 
the  port.  The  line  of  communicati<m 
between  Poit  au  Prince  and  the  town 
of  St.  Domingo,  i*  tv  the  pond*,  and 
through  the  town*  ot  Neybe,  A^ua, 
Bani,  See.  The  diftance  from  Port  au 
Prince  to  St.  Domingo  city  being  69 
leagues  eaft  bv  fouth ;  for  th^  reckon 
league*  from  thiLKuard  El  Pondo 
ort  au  Print*,  ^o  fiiortcn  thi* 


to  P( 


r  o  ft        449 

way  « little,  wtd  particulariy  t9  remU^* 
it  lef*  difafpreeable,  one  may  crofsi  tlit 
BrackiA  Pond  in  AJ  canoe.  Port  ai^ 
Prince  i*  7  league*  eaft  by  north  of  tho 
towto  of  Leogane,  find  about  50  foiitk 
by  eaft  a*  the  road  runs,  fnm  Pnrt  dh 
Paix.  N.  lat.  i9*  -^4.  Wi  kog.- froflt 
Paris  74»4j. 

Port  Bank),  xm  the  north-wclb 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lies  fouth- eaft  of 
Pitt**  Ifiandt  and  nprth-w^ft  of  Pirint 
Bukar*lli.  ^ 

Port  CHana*,  on  the  northern 
fide  of  the  Hand  of  Cuba,  lie*  E.  by  N* 
of  Bahia  Hondu,  andweftwaitiofPort 
Mariel. 

Port  Dauphin,  a.bavontheevf* 
tern  coaft  of  Cape  Breton  liland,  altout 
18  league*  S.  by  W.  of  Cape  Raye  in 
Newfoundland. 

Port  db  Paix,  a  jurifiiiftton  and 
fea-port,  on  the  north  fide  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo,  towards  the  weftern 
end,  and  oppofite  the  ifland  of  Tortue»  4 
league*  ddtant.  The  jurlfdiftio^^gon- 
tain*  7  pariflie*;  the  export*Vlt>m 
which,  froiu  Jan.  y,  17S9  to  Dec,  jr* 
of  the  iame  year,  were  a*  follow* 
331,900  lb*.  whitrAigar)  515,500  lbs. 
brown  fugar;  i>9S7»(i8  lb*,  coffee | 
35,154  lb*,  cotton ;  S9,x8i  lb*,  indigo. 
The  duties  on  exportation  of  the  above 
amounted  to  9,407  dollara  60  cent*.  It 
is  30  league*  north  of  St.  Mark,  17  E. 
bv  N.  of  the  Mole,  and  t9i  weftward 
of  Cape  Francois.  N.  lat.  19.  54*  W» 
lonff.  from  Pari*  75.  is.  •- 

roRT  DE  LA  Chaupibri,  OH  the  S/ 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  |ie* 
at  t^  eaftern  entrance  of  the  Bay  of 
OctKt,  which  is  ti  leagucb  W.  by  SkiMi 
the  city  of  St.  Domingo*  Thi*  porti* 
large,  open,  and  deep  enough  to  admit 
veffei*  of  any  btirden. 

Port  Dksirb,  a  nRrbotir  on  the  B. 
coaft  of  Patagonia,  8.  America,  where 
vei&l*  fometimc*  touch  in  their  paflago 
to  the  South  Sea.  It  i*  about  150  miUs 
N.  E.  of  Port  St'.  Julian.  S.  kt.  47. 
6.  W.  long.  64.  ^4. 

Port  du  Princb,  r  town-on  the 
northern  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
having  a  good  harbour.  The  tOwn 
ftaixis  in  a  large  meadow,  where  thi; 
Spaniard*  feed  numerous  hards  of  cattle. 

Port  Eomont,  on  tlie  N.  coaft  cif 
one  of  the  Falkland  Ifles,  and  towards 
the  W.  end  of  that  coaft.  It  is  on*  of 
the  moft   cxtenfive  and  comniodioM* 

F  f  birbourt 


4SO  P  O  It 

Kurboun  is  dw  worki }  fo  that  h  hat 
.  htea  8fl«)ted  that  the  whole  navy  of 
Great'Britain  might  ride  fccurely  iu  it. 
Commodore  Byron  difcovered  this  ex- 
cellent harhoiir  in  17751  on  being  ftnt 
to  take  pofleflion  of  the  tflandi  for  the 
Britifli  goTernment.- 
,  PoRTsa,  a  lake  of  Nova-Scotia, 
Which  iiiffpties  itrelf  into  the  ocean)  5 
Icaeuet  («ftward  of  Halifiix*  It  it  15 
milet  in  lensthy  and  half  a  mUc  in 
width,  with  iflandt  in  it.  J| 

PoRTERriBLD,a  fmalnettlcmcatin 
Yoric  CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine. 

Porte RO,  a  river  of  Peru,  which 
cmptiet  into  the  (ea  at  the  city  of  Bal- 
divia. 

I^ORT  JvUAM,  or  Part  St.  ytiSa»t§ 
,  harboMr  oa  the  E.  eoaft  of  Patwonia,  in 
S.  America,  i5omileiS.  by\l^ofPort 
Defire.  It  hat  a  free  and  open  entraace, 
and  ftlt  it  found  near  it.  The  eonti- 
nent  it  not  above  100  leagoet  lnx>ad 
here.  Befidet  fait  pondt,  here  are 
pki||  of  wild  cattle,  borfet,  Peruvian 
iheePf  and  wild  dogi,  but  the  water  is 
bad*  S.  lat.  49.  10.  W.  long.  6t.  44. 
^  ^D.  Portland,  a  uoft-town  and  port  of 
cntrv,  in  Cumberland  co.  Diftrift  of 
Maine.  It  it  the  capital  of  the  diftrift, 
and  ia  fituated  on  a  promontory  inCafco 
Bay,  and  wat  fermeriy  a  part  of  Fal. 
mouth.  It  it  50  milet  6.  byW.  of 
Wifcaftt,  11}  N.  by  W.  of  Bofton, 
and  4<9  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia.  In  July, 
i7S<y  thii  part  of  the  town,  being  the 
moft  pupulout  and  mercantile,  and  fitu- 
Bted  on  the  harbour,  together  with  the 
iilandt  which  belong  to  Falmouth,  wat 
incorporated  by  the  name  of  Poittend. 
Jb  hat  a  maA-«ttelIent,  fafe,  and  capa- 
ciottt  harbour,  which  it  feldom  or  never 
completely  tixnao  over.  It  it  near  the 
flpain  ocean,  and  it  eafy  of  acceft.  The 
Inhabitantt  carry  on  a  copfideraMe  fo> 
retgil  trade,  build  fliipt,  and  are  largely 
concerned  in  the  illhery.  It  it  one  of 
the  moft  thriving  commercial  towns  in 
the  Commonwetuth  of  Ma&ehufetts. 
Although  three-fourthtof  it  wat  laid  in 
afltet  by  the  Britifli  fleet  in  1775,  it  has 
fmce  been  entirely  rebuilt,  and  contains 
about  ajoo  inhabitants.  Among  its 
public  buildings  are  \  churches,  m  for 
Cangregationalifts,  and  i  forEpifcopa- 
Uans,  and  a  handfomc  court-houfe.  A 
ri||(ht-hoafe  was  ereftedin  1790,  on  a 
Mint  of  land  called  Portland  Head,  at 
neytntrancc  of  the  harbour.    It  it  a 


POR 

ftone  edifice,  7a  feet  high,  cmlufitle  of 
the  lanthom,  and'  ftandt  in  hit.  44.  g. 
N.  and  long  69.  ta*  W.  Thelollowiaf 
direAiont  are  to  be  obfervcd  in  conmg 
into  the  harbour.  Bring  th«  VnAx  to 
bear  N.  N.  W.  then  run  tor  it,  altowing 
a  fmall  diftance  on  the  fau-boyd  hand  \ 
and  when  abreaft  of  the  fame,  then  ma 
N.  by  W.  Thit  couWe  will  give  gi>od 
anchorage  from  half  a  mile,  to  a  mile 
and  a  half.  No  variation  of  the  com- 
paft  is  allowed.  The  works  ertAcd  in 
1795,  for  the  defence  of  Porthmd,  con* 
(f ft  of  a  fort,  a  citadeK  ■  battery  for  i» 
piecet  of  cannon,  an  artillery- flare,  a 
guard-hovfe,  an  air  furnace  for  heating 
fliot,  and  a  covsrcd  way  from  the  fort  to 
the  battery. 

Portland  JUrAf,  in  Cafce  Bay,  in 
the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  the  promontory 
on  which  the  light-hoofe  above  deArrib- 
ed  ftandt.  FromtheXghthoufeto  Al« 
den*t  Ledge,  it  4  leaguet  S.  i>.  E.  High 
water  in  Portland  harbour,  at  full  and 
change,  45  minutet  after  10  o^dock.i 
See  fmUmd.  \ 

PoR TiAND  Pomtt  Oft  the  foath  eoaft 
pf  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  and  the  mofi 
ibutherly  land  in  it,  liet  in  lat.  17.  4!. 
N.  and  long.  77. 4s.  W. 

PoRTLOCK's  HarheuTtOa  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  hat  a  narrow  en- 
tcance  conipared  with  ttt  circular  form 
within.  The  middle  of  the  entrance 
lies  in  lat.  57.  43.  30.  and  long.  136. 
4t.  30.  W. 

Port  Marquit,  a  harbour  on  th» 
coaft  of  Mexico,  ill  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  3  miles  eaftwai'd  of  Acapulco». 
where  fhlpt  from  Peru  frequently  land 
their  contraband  goodt.  N.  lat.  17. 
17.  W.  long.  101. 1$. 

Porto  BeUot  a  fea-port  town  of  S. 
America,  having  a  good  harbour  on  the 
northern  fide  of  the  Ifthmut  of  Darien, 
in  the  jiiovince  of  Terra  Firma  Proper, 
nearly  oppofite  to  Panama  on  the  lou- 
them  fide  of  the  ifthmut.  It  is  fituated 
clofe  to  ths  Tea,  on  tite  declivity  of  a 
mountain  which  furroundt  the  whole 
harbour.  It  abounds  with  reptiles  in 
the  rainy  feafbn,  and  at  all  times  is  very 
unhealthy  ;  ami  is  chiefly  inhabited  by 
people  of  colour,  arnt  negroes.  It  wat 
taken  by  Admiral  Vernon  in  174a,  who 
demoliflicd  the  fortificationt.  But  it  it 
now  ftrongly  fortified.  N.  lat.  9.  34.  35* 
W.  long.  81.  j|r  Sflt  Darkn  and  P^^^ 
ntuHU,  ^' 

Porto 


4>-.<" 


X  VdRWGiMb.  ariiarittmt'towiier 
ilieCartcea«»  in  Terra  Firm«»  8*  Ameri* 
cft»  4  leaguet  from  Leon}  chiefly  in- 
hdlited  by  SAmrno,  fiiilon,  tnd  fae> 
tort* 

Porto  <^«t<lMr,  a  feawport  town  of  $. 
America^  in  Terra  FintMi  awl  on  tke 
coaft  of  the  Caraccaa.  The  BrittOi  loft 
•  ntat  many  men  here^  in  an  onAtcccfl'* 
fill  attack  by  fcaandlukH  in  1743.  N. 
Jat.  10.  ao,  W«  long.  64*  30. 

PoftTO  4r/  Prmcipit  a  fta«port 
on  the  north  cbaft  of  the  ifiand  of  Cuba, 
Seo  mikt  S«  E.  of  the  Havannah,  and 
sl<  N.  W.  of  Bart:oa.  It  was  for. 
merly  a  U^  and  rich  town,  but  being 
taken  by  CSpt*  Moi^gan,  with  hit  buc> 
caneert,  after  a  ftout  refiftance,  it  never 
ncovercd  itfelfk  Near  it  are  ftveral 
fpringt  of  bitumen* 

PokYo  Rico,  one  of  the  Antille  If. 
lands,  in  the  Wcft>Indies,  belonging  to 
the  Spsniaids,  about  too  mi|cs  kmg,  and 
40  broad^  and  contains  abotilt  s,aoo 
Ibuare  miles*  It  is  »o  leagues  S*  8.  E. 
or  the  ifland  of  St*  Doming.  The 
lands  are  beautifully  diverimed  with 
woods,  valliesi  and  plains,  and  are  very 
fhutftil  {  yiekUng  the  fame  produce  as 
the  oth^r  iflands.  Tlie  ifland  is  well' 
watered  by  fprings  and  rivers,  but  is  un* 
healthy  in  the  rainv  feafons.  Gold, 
whidi  firft  induced  the  Spaniards  to  iet> 
tie  here,  is  no  longer  found  in  any  con- 
iiderable  quantity.  In  177I,  this  ifland 
contained  to,66o  inhabitants,  of  which, 
only  6,530  were  (laves.  There  were 
then  reckoned  upon  the  ifland^  77>384 
head  of  hurned  cattle)  a),  195  horfes} 
1,515  mules )  49,058  headof  fmall  cat> 
tk|  5,S6i  plantations,  yielding  1,737 
quintalsof  Aigar  { 1,163  quintals  of  cot- 
^^"^l  19*55^  quintals  ot  ricei  15,416 
quintals  of  maize;  7,458  quintalsof  t^^ 
bacco,  and  ^,860  quintals  of  molafles. 

Poaro  R$co,  pr  St.  Juirn  de  Porto 
Ric9f  the  capital  town  of  the  ifland  of 
that  name,  aoove  delcribed,  ftands  on  a 
fmail  ifland,  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  to  which  it  is  join- 
ed by  a  caufeway,  extending  acrofs  the 
harbour,  which  is  vcrv  fpscious,  and 
where  the  largeft  veflels  may  lie  in  the 
utmoft  fecurity.  It  is  large  and  well 
built,  and  is  the  fee  of  a  biftiop)  and 
the  forts  and  btttcries  are  fo  well  ittua- 
tcd  and  ftrong,  as  to  render  it  almoft 
inaeedBblc  to  an  enemy*  It  was,  how. 
tvcr,  taken  by  Sir  Francis  Dnkt,  and  a^ 


teMdl  bv  the  Karl  of  Cumbdfaod. It. 
is  bflt^  uhabitad  than  moftnf  the  Sptf , 
nifli  towtts»  beii^  the  ceitre  of  tba  eoyi. 
traband  trade  Cfitied  on  by  tht  BlitiA 
and  French*  wUh  the  king  bf  8pdii*i 
fubjefts,  In  s6ij|thel}utch  tooKaiMl 
plundered  this  city }  but  could  not  ri« 
tain  it.N*  lat*  il.  so.  yr*  lonf .  65. 35* 

Porto  Satot,  an  ifliuid  o«  the  codi 
of  Pcru»  a  leagttt  W.  N.  W.  of  tb« 
oort  and  Citv  of  Santo  or  Santk,  nearly 
oppofite  to  toe  port  of  FeroW  a?  league 
dift^t  northerly,  and  9  N»  W.  of  Gua* 
muMlfland. 

FDrto  SohU,  a  po^  fituatcJ  in  the 
motlith  of  the  river  of  its  name,  on  thi 
coafl  of  Peruk  N.  N.  B.  of  Point  Ferol* 
and  6  leagues  8.  E.  of  C^pe  de  Chao  or 
Chau,and  in  lat.  8. 47* '8. 

Port  Paix,    See  Pert  an  PaUc* 

Porto  Seaire,  a  eaptainfliip  on  the 
coaft  of  Brazu,  in  S.  AJneriu,  bounded 
E*  by  thegovemnient  of  Riodos  Hilios  | 
N.  bjr  the  South  Atluitic  Ocamj  8. 
by  Spiritu  SantOi  and  weft  by  theooun* 
t^  of  the  Tupick Indians.  The  couiu> 
try  is  very  fertile* 

Porto  Stgunt  the  capital  of  the^ 
above  eaptainfliip,  is  featra  on  the  top' 
of  a  rock,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river,  on 
the  fea'Coaft,  and  inhabited  by  Portu- 
guefe.    S*  lat*  17.  W.  iMig.  38.  50. 

Port  Petai,  a  town  of  mwcaftle  cO* 
.Delaware,  on  the  weft  fliore  of  Dela* 
ware  river,  and  feparated  from  Recdv 
Ifland  on.  the  eaft  by  a  narrow  channeC 
It  contains  about  30  or  40  houfes,  and 
lies  50  miles  below  Philadelphia*  Sec 
Pftm  and  Reed;^  ^and. 

PdRT  Roytuizn  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
South'Carolina,  is  feparated  from  the 
main  land  on  the  weft  by  Broad  river* 
It  confifts  of  about  xooo  aciies  of  excel- 
lent land)  and  on  it  ftands  the, town 
of  Beaufort.  It  has  an  n^ellent  har- 
bour, fufficieht  to  contain  the  largeft 
fleet  in  the  wwU.  It  is  6  leagues  N. 
£.  \  E.  of  Tybee  light-hoiife,.  at  th^ 
mouth  of  Savannah  river.  N.  lat.  3a.  119 
W.  long.  80.  54.  At  Pert  Royal  En- 
tranci  it  is  higher  water  at  Full  and 
change  a  qtiarter  paft  8  o^dock. 

Port  Rcyaly  m  Nova  Scotia*  See 
Annapolis  RoyaL 

Port  Rojal,  a  poft-town  of  Virginia » 
feated  on  the  Ibtith  bank  of  Rappahan- 
nock river,  in  Caroline  co.  it  is  laid 
out  on  a  regular  plan,  and  contains  about 
aoo  houfts  which  make  a  handfome  ap- 

F  f  a  pearanca,^ 


4|t         ro^ 

in  «  clWtriwt,  *»;  fcr  EnUbpMlimw* 

ffMbyttrtan, nd Mtlhodab.  Itk  •« 

M^  ftiild|..kift  ttf  rMdcriekAaif ,  58 

i'lmm  tMMmm,  tad  ft«6  lbath*«>«ft  of 

rfhilMklphb.  lf»ltt.|ft.  13.W.I1MC. 

-  P«>RTXQIM(;0lltlM8»Mtbfrilti(l- 

iMd  of  jMiAkt,  fgnmr ly  ctHM  fmrttt 
A  Gmm^,  Mwe  a  {riuft  of  tkt  gitatcft 
"twalth  Md  hnpORiMt  fo  tht  Weft- 
laiiMi  ii  new  rMtiMcd  by  rni«ttcd  ca> 
•bmitiM  to  s  Ar<«ti,  •  ftw  im<^  and 
about  aooho^es.  It  contaio^  boiiMl|Kr» 
ikk  royat  navy^ytrd,  for  hcavii^  ^^n, 
•nd  K<«ttitiiK  the  hfaif^a  diipa^  <tite 
lUMd  tiofbita^  and  bJuTacka  fer  a 
MgtMMnt«FMd|er<«  The  fbrtHI«tt{MM 
kre  kept  in  exftMlciit  oidflr^  and  vie  in 
ftramtli,  it  i»  Mdi  «ritk  any  fortrefk  in 
theJiitiaidomialoM;  TfaecneHcnce 
«f  Iht  hoeboari  wid  it»4kttation»  were 
lb  alhiriM;,  that  it  wu  not  until  the 
«bwtt  had  Scien  )  tiilnet  cnt&fehrdetroyed, 
|(tiA  by  a  tetribk  aaidKDnke,  the  9th 
^  June  169ft  \  then  by  a  grrat  fint,  to 

{ears  after,  and  hiftlyi  hy  a  hurricane, 
I  fyta,  the  anoft  teitibfc  on  record) 
Ikit  the  hihalAtantt  could  be  prevailed 
•noil,  fo  adinquifli  thil  ilUftted  foot. 
After  this  hft  cafaunity,  thnr  refolded 
Jo  remove  to  the  copofite  fide  or  the  Bay, 
iMCKe  they  built  JDMnfM,  now  the  cap*, 
tal  ^  the  Ifland.  It  the  harbeiie  of 
ftet  KoyaH  viflcit  of  700  tons  can  lie 
€kfe  atoig  fliore.    H.  fait.  if.  36^  W. 

Imw.  7«.4S» 

Po«T  Mftdt  a  town  and  harbour  in 
the  ifland  of  Martinico,  in  the  Weft- 
Indie*  i  which,  with  St.  Peter*«,  are  the 
'«hiefdaces  of  the  iflind.  N.  Ut.  14,. 
■$(.  w.  long.  61.  9. 

Port  Kwdt  in  theiflandof  Otaheite. 

-  -  Port  A«Mrf,  an  ifland  and  harbour 
ia  the  fimth'inift  past  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  the  botton  of  the  Bay  of 
Cainpeachy.  The  harbour  Is  »S  leagues 
•8.  W.  by  S.  of  Champetau}  and  the 
jfland,  3  miles  long  and  1  broad,  ^xs 
«reft  of  the  harbour. 

'  Poat  St.  Jtbiit  a  finall  town  i»  tlie 
province  of  Nicaragua,  in  N4:w-Spain, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  river  on  the  N.  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  The  harbour  is  fafie  and 
ious,  and  is  the  fea- port  of  the  city 


teai 


Leon,  30 miks to theS. E^ 
•Sft  io*  W.  lonf,  tf.  .3!. 


N.  lat. 


A  >  «>,  JPfttClUOVTH^nKtropolisofNcw. 


ton 

iiampflilnk  *»A  die  taifift  tons  tirth* 
Staer,  and  iu  only  fta.port,  is  fitoaf. 
cd  about  two  milee  irem  the  fta,  on  the 
fouth  ide  of  Pifttta^M  fiver*  It  is 
the  fldr|tewnef  Roelungham  e6>  and 
ita  haiittir  i»  one  of  thojliiiftttkdie 
eonthMlK,  having  a  (bficienl  depth  of 
water  fcr  veftls-  of  any  bwdcn.  It  is. 
defended  againft  ftorma.  by  the  adQaceat 
land*  i»  M«h  a.  maMmtr^  as  that  ihipa 
may  fecursly  ride  diere  In  any  feawft 
of  the  yearr  nor  is  it  ever  fimaen,  by 
.rciifon-  of  the  ftrsngth  of  the  cvmm^ 
and  narrownefa  of  the  channel.  Be- 
fides,  the  harbour  is  fo  well  fortified  by 
nature,  that  very  liltlc  ait  ^  be  nee^r- 
fiiry  to  render  it  impretpMMe.  Ita  viei* 
nity  to  the  fea  renderait  very  convenient 
for  naval  trade*  A  light-heuie,  with  a 
fingte  light,  ftands  en  Newcaftle  Ifland» 
at  the  c^raoee  of  the  harbour,  miat» 
43.  i'  WMTth,  and  long.  70.  41.  weft. 
Shipa  of  war  have  been  built  herej; 
among  «thert,  the  America,  of  74.guns» 
launch^  November,  i>7ts,  and  pretcniH- 
ed  to  the  king  of  Fhmce,  bytbeConl 
greft  of  the  United  States;  PMtfmooth 
contains  about  64odwellinr.hoofes^  and 
nearly  a»  many  other  bnildings,  bcfides- 
thofe  for  public  ufe,  which  are  3  Con- 
gregational chnrehes,  tEpifcpal  church, 
I  for  Uflhrerialifts,  a  Statc-houft)  a 
marfcet.houfe,  4  fehool-houies,^  a  work- 
hoiife,  and  a  bank.  The  exports  foe 
one  year,  ending  September  30,  1794* 
amounted  to  the  value  of  153,165  dol- 
lars. A  fettlcment  was  begun  here  in 
s6s3,  by  Captain  Mafon  and  other 
merchants,  among  whom  Sir  F.  Gorget 
had  a  fharei  Theydefigned  to  cany 
on  the  fifliery,  to  make  fait,  trade  with, 
the  natives,  and  otTpare  lumber.  As 
agriculture  was  only  a  fecon^uy  objed, 
the  fettlemcnt  foiled.  The  town  wa» 
incorporated  in  1633.  It  is  10  miles 
fouthwcfterly  of  Yoik,  in  the  DiftriH 
of  Maine,  *%  northerly  Of  Newbury. 
Port,  65  N.  N.  E.  of  Bisftoa,  and  41  k 
N.  E.  by  N.  of  PhiladelphM. . 

PoKTSMOVTR,  a  towiifliip  of  good 
land  on  the  N.  end  of  Rhode-Ifland» 
Newport  CO.  containing  1,560  inhabit- 
ants, including  17  flaves^  on  tlie  road« 
foam  Newport  to  BriftoL 

PoRTtMOVTH,  alinaU  fea-porttown 
of  tt.  Carolina,  in  CasteEel  co.  on  the 
N.  end  of  Core  Bank,  near  Ocr^cock. 
Inlet.  Its  chief  inhabitants  are  ftdiet;- 
meaandpilets* 

FORTSMOVTH, 


pP 


I  POT 

^  ^^(PotTmovTii,  s  pkaTMit.  flottitti- ' 

bt^  MMl  iwubrijr  bilUt  toM  in  Nor&ik 

«9k  VIrgin&i  6luaMa  on  tbe  wtft  fide 

of  91iMb«th  rivov  cwofite  to  and  i 

niittdiftantfimnnoHokf  iMlh  which 

/conftitute  hut  one  fort  of  fpry.    It 

cMtaintthout  too  houfer*  and  i»70* 

!inb«bitant«,  ipiBlnding  6t6  ilave».  It  it 

1 1  f  niilet  E.  by  S.  of  PeteHburg .  and  300 

ibutbarlyofThiladclphia.    SeeMf^^A. 

POftTiMOVTift  a  town  on  the  JM. 

W*  fide  of  the  iiland  of  i)ominica»  in 

the  Weft-Indie«{    fituated  on  Prince 

Kupert>fiavt  lietween  the  ialt.work» 

•Pd  thecoaft. 

Poet  fwbaeft  apofttown  of  Marjr 
Jandi  tad  capital  of  Charles  ^0.  firuattxl 
«   Uttlc  above  tbe  confincnce  of  two 
Antll  ftreams  which  form  the  crceii.  of 
ita  naoae,  which  empties  thiotigh  the 
V>  bank  of  the  Patownnc*  at  Thotnaa** 
Pointf  abopr  4  niilet  below  the  town 
It  eontaint  atwut  So  hmifee,  and  a  large 
Epifcopal  church,  hot  in  good  repair, 
nnd  a  warchoule  f$t  the  inlpe^lton  of 
tobacco.    In  the  wbiitv  are  the  cele- 
brated cold  wateit  l(f  Mount  Xfileiy. 
It  is  5*  milei-  S.  W.  of  Araupolit, 
9  from  AUei  s  Frelb,  S3  S.  S.  W.  of 
Baltimore,  and  it^  S.  W.  by  S.  of 
Philad(4phia. 

Portugal  Ptiat.  See  Ttorttu, 
PoRTVGUESB  Apurita,  or  Brazil, 
lies  between  tbe  equator  and  the  3  sth 
deeree  of  S.  lat.  and  between  35  and  60 , 
W.  lonj^.  On  the  coaft  are  three  fmall 
iflands,  where  fhips  touch  for  provifiont 
on  their  voyage  to  the  South  Seas,  viz. 
ferttamitt  St.  BarberOt  and  Si.  Catber. 
iMis,  See  Brazil.  Since  the  diicuveiy 
of  the  mines  of  Bmil,  that  is,  within 
the  laft  6e  or  70  years,  Portugal  has 
drawn  from  Brazil  1,400  million  •f  li- 
tres, or  100  millions  of  pi  undt  fteiiing. 
Beftdes  thefe  large  fnms  of  money,  ihe 
receivea  from  Brazil  large  quantities  of 
cocoa,  fugar,  rice,  tiain-  oil,  whale-bone, 
coffee,  and  medicinal  drugs. 

POTATOB,  a  hay  fo  named,  on  the 
8.  coaft  of  the  iflandofSt.Chriftopher's 
Ifl3nd,  in  the  Weft-ladies. 

PoTOsi,  a  town  of  Pern,  fituatcd  in 
the  archbifliopric  of  Plat^t,  and  province 
of  l«os  Cbarcos,  75  iniles  S.  £.  of  the 
city  of  La  Plata.  The  famous  nwun-  . 
tain  of  this -name  is  known  all  over  the 
commercial  world,  for  the  iminenfe 
quantities  of  filver  it  has  ])rodiiced. 
The  mines  in  its  vicinity  are  new  much 


TOU  4|| 

cokuftad*  ak^h  lUtt  wnrriA  t  iil 
the  tosro  which  «ne«  BianhK  piiwm 
inhaWtnntB»  SpmiiM^a  ui  Mm» 
(of  which  tht  httsr  lowyoM  tkmt 
four*fifths)  does  act  now  coaiito  nM* 
afpooo.  The  frMMil  minta  art  in 
the  nortbam  part  of  tna  mo(nit«in»  ud  • 
their dircMon  ia  frofa  N.  tot.  Tl|i 
moft  intelligent  iwoda  «f  Fero  havt 
obfcrvcd  that  this  is  the  gin««l  dl- 
reftion  of  the  Hchtft  mmcs.  The  fiek)* 
round  Potofi  nre  cold,  barren*  ahd  bcnr 
little  elfc  than  oats,  which  icldom  ripcif* 
|iut  lire  cut  up  and  given  fcr  fonfr  m 
"the  blade i  and  provifiona  are  braiight 
here  litnn  the  nM|AthoHrinf  piwincea. 
li  i«  300  miles  8«  E.  of  Am,  lau  at. 
8.  and  long.  77.  W. 

Potties,  a  townflil^pof  P<nnfylMi- 
nia>  fituatcd  on  Sufquehanna  river.  Sit 
Ntrtbumberlaml  Ceumy^  , 

PoTTiiESTOWM,  in  Hunterdon  co^. 
New.Jerfey,  is  about  5  miles  E.  of  l«b,. 
anon,  and^jibout  %z  N.  W.i^New- 
iJruniwiel& 

PoTTj^Wvi,  »  p<A«town  of  Penn- 
fylvaniiTjMHtuitcd  on  the  N.  bank  o£ 
Schuylkiliriver,  ty  iniles.  S.E.  of  Jlead- 
iUfkjind  37  N.  W.  of  Fhiladelphia. 
.'^PbvoHKBKrNB,  a  poft-town   of 
New-York,  and  capital  of  Duttbcfs  co. 
delightfully  (Huated  a  mile  from  tbe  E. 
bank  of  Hndfon'a  river,  and  containa  E 
number  of  neat  dweUin^,  a  court<Jioufi|. 
a  church  for  Pre^terians,one  for  Epil- 
conalians,  and  an  academjr.    Here  ia 
alio  a  prtnting.ofiice.    It  is  about  at 
miles  N.  W.  6f  Ptinbury,  in  ConneAi- 
cut,  €4  N.  of  New  York  city.  Si  S.  of 
Albany,  and  s  80  N.  £.  by  N.  of  Phil»> 
delphia.     Tbe  tpwniliip   is   bounded 
fouthe^ly   by  Wtppinger^s  Kill,   or 
Creek,  and  wefierly  bv  HtKUbn's  river. 
It  contains  t,s9^  inhwitants,  including 
419  ele&ors,  and  190  flaves. 
.  PouLTEBY,  a  Imall  river  of  Ver* 
mont,  which  fil)s  into  Eait  Bay*  to* 

Erther  with  Caftkton  river,  near  Col« 
yons's  iron  works. 
PovtTNSY,  aconfiderablcEiidfiour- 
ifliing  townihip  of  Rutland  co.  bounded 
wcfterly  by  Hampton  in  New- York, 
which  adjoins  Skeeniburgh  6n  the  weft. 
It  contains  s,i*i  inhabitant. 

PouMAEON,  or  Ptmartn,  a  river  on 

the  coaft  of  Surinam.  S;  Amtrica,  whofe 

E.point  is  Cape  NaiTau,  or  Cape  Orooge. 

FOtJNDRiocE,  a  townlhip  in  Weft 

Cbefter  CO.  Ncw-Yorkt  bouxtded  foutb. 

Ffj  eily 


r4f4  >t)  W 

MrhjrtW8ttt««rcMiiMatMe,  ctMr 

'•m  9U&mA9  by  Salami  mi  wdUrly  by 
BnUbid  Md  MahMMN  rivwr.  It  con< 
hSnt^oH  lif«e.b)htbitanU|  of  whom 
i4f  9if  oMkort. 

PowMtVtCmkt  in  the  State  of  Tea- 
mflee,  rifin  in  PowcU*e  Mountain,  nine 
8.  weAcriy,  and  enter*  Clinch  river, 
■thri^b  it*  northefn  bank  i  jt  mile*  N. 
B.  ofKnoxville.  It  i*  Ikid  to  be  navi. 
gable  in  boat*  to  mile*. 

Pqwhatam,  the  ancient  name  of 
Jame*  river  in  Virginia. 
-  FowHATOv,  a  county  of  Vir|in2t« 
bounded  N.  by  Jame*  river*  which  fepa- 
ratM  it  from  Goochland,  and  fouth  by 
Amelia  co.  It  ha*  it*  nanM  in  honour 
of  the  faroou*  Indian  king  of  it*  name, 
the  father  of  Poeahonta*.  It  contains 
<,taa  inhabitant*tincluding4,3a5llavet. 
The  €mrt-lmf$  b  the  above  county  i* 
a  7  mile*  from  Carterfville,  lo  from  Cum- 
berland court-hooftf  and  jio  fromPhil- 
adclphia. 

PowNAit  a  flouriflibj;  townfliipin 
the  fouthowcAleomer  of  VeroMnt,  Ben> 
niogton  CO.  fouth  of  the  tOi^  of  Ben- 
nington. It  contain*  1,746  ibhabitaiUa. 
Mount  Belcher,  a  portion  of  whttrflls 
within  the  town  of  Pownal,  ftandt  partly 
in  s  of  the  State*, 'via.  New.  York,  Ver- 
mont,  and  Maflachufttt*.  MouhtAn> 
thony,  alio,  one  of  the  moft  remarkable 
mountain*  in  Vermont,  lie*  between  thia 
•nd  Bennington. 

PowNALBOROVGH,  the  fliire  tow., 
of  Lincoln  co.  DiftriA  of  Maine,  is  Atu- 
ated  on  the  eaft  fideof  Kennebeck  river, 
and  ii  a  place  of  increafing  importance, 
and  contains  a  Congreaational  church, 
fnd  fevcral  bandfomo  qwdling-houfes. 
The  ilourilhing  port  and  pQft-town 
of  Wifcaflet  is  within  the  townfliip 
•f  Pownalborough.  This  town  was  in< 
corporated  in  1760,  and  ctmtatns  in  all 
«,055  inhabitants.  It  is  1 )  miles  north 
of  Bath,  so  N.  E.  of  Portland,  171  N. 
by  E.  of  Bofton,  and  535  N.  E.  of  Phil- 
pdelphia. 

Powow,  a  fn»ll  river  of  Eflfex  co. 
Maflachufetts,  which  rifrs  in  KingOon 
in  New.Hampfliirc.  In  its  courfe,  which 
i*  S.  E.  it  paflcs  over  feveral  falls,  on 
which  are  mills  of  various  kinds,  and 
empties  into  Merrimack  river,  7  miles 
from  the  fca,  between  the  towns  of  Salif- ' 
bury  and  Amefbury,  connected  by  a 
convenient  bridge,  with  a  draw,  acrofs 
the  river.    It  i*  navigable  a  nu  Ic  from 


p  k  E 

It*  mouth,  and  nuny  vaAlaara  b«Ui  «■ 
it*  bank*.   See  J<iiyl ww  and  Sa^kmy* 

PoYAi*,  a  town  of 'If.  America, 
fitoated  on  the  weft  ^e  of  Black  river, 
in  thejMMrinee  of  Hondora*,  about  iib 
miles  ip  W.  W,  of  SeckloQf,  Juki  55 
fouth  or  Cape  Cameron,  *#hich  fi^ma 
the  north  point  of  the  entrance  of  the 
river  in  the  Sea  of  Hondura*. 

pRAiRii  4f  Rothtr,  b,  wtheRoek 
Mtadtwt,  a  fettlcmeM  in  the  N.  W. 
Territoiy,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  MiiR. 
iippi )  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide  ef  a 
mtam  which  empties  into  the  Mififippi, 
r»  mile*  to  the  louth.  It  la  1  s  nik»  N. 
W.  of  Kaflcaflcias  village,  and  5  N.  E. 
byE.ofFortChartre*.  About  ao  yean 
ago  it  contained  100  wkiie  tahabitanta 
and  to  negroe*. 

pRAiRiB,  l«,  a  popukma  little  vil. 
lage,  with  narrow  dir^r  ftreet*,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence  in  Canada,  it  milea 
north  rf  St.  John,  and  9  ibudwweft  of 
Montreal. 

Praslin  ?*rr,  t*  OR  the  N.  fide  of 
the  ifland*  of  the  AvfiKidcs,  in  S.  lat.  ju 
*5.  E.  long.  fromPaiif  155.  3a.  {du- 
covered  and  entered  bl  M.  de  Surville, 
Oft.  II,  1769*  The  ifland*  which  form 
thi*  port  are  covered  with  tQte*,  and  at 
high  water  are  partly  overfiowed.  The 
aitnil  native*  entrapped  fome  of  Sur- 
ville**  men  in  an  ambufcade,  in  confe- 
quence  of  which  30  or  40  of  the  favagca 
were  kUi.d.  The  inhabitant*  of  thcA 
iiuik!'  are  in  general  of  the  negro  kind, 
with  black  woolly  hair,  flat  nofe*,  and 
thick  lip*. 

Prbscott,  a  fmall  plantation  in 
Lincob)  co.  Diftrift  of  Maine,  which^ 
tocether  with  Carr**  plantation,  ha*  1 59 
inhabitant*. 

Prb*^s  //Zr,  a  finall  peninfula,  on 
the  fouth  eaft  Oioreof  Lake  Erie,  almoft 
due  fouth  of  Long  Point  on  the  oppofite 
fide  of  the  lake}  15  mile*  from  Fort 
Boeuf,  and  60  N.  by  W.  of  Venango, 
-on  Allegany  river.,  The  garrifim  a- 
bout  to  be  ere£lcd  b^  the  United  Sutea 
at  Prefque  Ifle,  will  be  upoVi  a  very 
commanding  fpot,  juft oppofite  the  en- 
trance of  the  bay.  The  town  conmnenccs 
30  yards  weft  of  the  old  firitifli  fort, 
leaving  a  vacancy  of  600  yaids  for  a 
militai7  parade  and  public  walk.  The 
town,  which  is  now  building,  will  ex- 
tend nearly  3  miles  along  the  lake  and  k 
mile  bafk.  It  lie*  in  lat.  about  4a, 
to.  N. 

Prestoii, 


Pit  I 

INmreir*  t  tmm  in  llcw.LiDadon 
«0(i  CoaMftlcnti  <  or  I  milM  citft  of 
^ovwieb,  front  irhith  it  i«  diviifad  by 
ShctuckM  river.  Tlie  townAiip  waa 
iacorporatid  in  i6t7(aiid  coRMim  s»4S5 
itihabitMUt  wlio  are  cliictv  fiiiincn. 
Here  art  two  Congregational  churchca, 
and  a  fiicietyof  Sepimtifte. 

PaisvuacvT,  a  fmall  river  of  Cum- 
berland CO.  DiAriftof  Maine,  which  ii 
led  by  Scbaoooli  Laltc,  andemptiet  into 
Cafco  Bay,  eall  of  Porthnd.   See  C«/^0 

PaiNOB  Edward,  a  county  of  Vir- 
ginia, between  the  Blue  Ridge  and  the 
tide>-watere.  It  eontaine  t,ioo  tnha> 
bitante,  including  %^6  flavn.  The  a- 
cademy  in  this  county  has  been  ercAed 
into  a  college,  by  the  name  of  **  Hamp- 
den Sydney  College."  The  court-houle, 
at  which  «  poft-oflice  in  Icept,  i*  a8 
milet  front  Cumbeiiand  court-houfe^ 
50  ftom  Lynchbui|p,  »Vd  3  s^  from  Phil- 
adelphia. 

PaiNCK  Edward**  J/Ut,  See  iTaJb 
Ugitk't  Ifltt. 

PaiMCi  Vredirick,  a  pari(h  in 
Georgetown  dittriA,  8.  Carolina,  con- 
taining t,i3c  inhabitants  {  of  whom 
S,4iS  are  whites,  and  4»68]  Hayes.  It 
fends  4  reprefentatives  and  one  fena^or 
to  the  State  legiflature^ 

Prince  Frederick,  the  chief  town 
of  Calvert  co.  Maryland ;  3  miles  fouth- 
crly  of  Huntingtown,  and  6  north- 
^fterly  of  BenediA,  by  the  road  to 
Mackaira  ferry. 

PR|NcaOB0RCB,apsrlfli  of  George- 
town dirtriAf  S.  Carolina,  cMitainIng 
1 1,7<|»  inhabitants  %  of  whom  5,031  are 
whites,  and  ^,651  d^ves.  It  lends  5 
reprefentatives  and  one  fenator  to  the 
State  legiflature^ 

Prince  Ororci,  a  county  of  Vir- 
ginia, bounded  N.  by  James  river,  which 
waflies  it  about  35  miles.  The  medium 
breadth  if  similes.  It  contains  8,173 
inhabitants,  including  4,519  Haves ;  of 
this  number  1,300  are  refidents  in 
Blandford.  There  are  5  £pi 'copal 
churches  in  the  county,  one  meeting 
for  Ffiendf,  and  feveral  Methodift  meet- 
ings. The  Baptifts  have  occafonal 
meetings,  and  to  this  fe£l  the  negroes 
feem  particularly  attached.  It  \%  a  miit- 
lul  country,  and  abounds  with  wheat, 
corn,  flax,  cotton,  and  tobacco.  Cot- 
ton here  is  a^i  annual  plant}  and  in 
fummer)  moft  of  tiie  inhabitants  appear 


PR!  4IS 

IB  MtvfjWiiintaoi  thalr  oini  MMnw^ 
turt.  Tlia  tinihtr  ooniiia  «f  oak*  ^ 
varioai  ki»da»  and  of  a  good  qWillhrb.' 
AiiRcienc  to  boiM  a  fcnnldablv  nav^t 
and  within  a  convenient  diiaaoa  of  na* 
vigatioH.  It  hat  all  the  diflintnt  (jptclta 
known  in  the  eaftem  Statni  and  oHmi« 
which  do  not  grow  than.  Hera  ia  aHb 
abundance  of  wiM  grapn,  flowtrinf 
fhrubs,  farftoarilla,  UMka-r«ottand|^. 
fcng.  Apples  are  infMor  in  l^rit  and 
tafte  to  thoAe  in  the  caAmi  States }  bnt 
peaches  have  a  flavour  unknown  in  tboA 
States.  The  almond  and  fig  will  grow 
here  in  the  oacn  air,  if  attended  to.  Im- 
menft  quantities  of  pork  and  bacon  ails 
cured  here,  and  indtcd  form  the  prin- 
cipal food  of  the  inhabitant!.  Veal  ia 
excellent}  mutton  indifferent t  poulary 
of  every  kind  in  ptrfiftion  ami  in  ^ 
bundance.  The  whiter*  are  fhort  and 
generally  pleafantj  and  the  cuantiy 
cannot  be  coiilidered  as  unheahhy. 

Prince  Georoe,  a  cotmty  of  Mai» 
ryland,  on  the  weftem  fhore  m  Chela* 
peak  Bay,  iituated  between  PatownMO 
and  Patuxent  rivers,  and  is  watered  by 
numerous  creeks  which  empty  into 
thofe  rivers.  Thf  eafiem  comer  of  the 
territory  of  Columbia,  borders  upon  the 
weft  part  of  this  couniy.  It  contain* 
»i,344  inhabitants,  of  whom  11,17$ 
are  flaves. 

Prince  OFWAtss,  Coft^  is  remark-  . 
able  for  being  the  moft  wefterly  point 
of  the  continent  of  N.  America,  and  the 
eaftem  limit  of  Behring's  Straits,  be- 
tween Afia  and  America }  the  two  con* 
tiiients  being  here  only  about  39  milea 
apart^  The  mid  channel  has  aS  fa- 
thoms water.  N.  lat.  65.  46.  W« 
long.  168.  15. 

Prince  of  Wales,  Arf,  in  New 
North  Wales,  N.  America,  a  faftMf 
belonging  to  the  BritiOi  Hudfon's  Bay 
Company,  on  Churchill  riyer.  Tbf 
mean  luat  here  is  it  7 

Leafthcat       45 
Greateftheat    85  ' 
It  lies  in  lat.  58.47. 30.N.andk)ng.94. 
7,  30.^  W. 

pRi|iCE  OF  "W  Klf^lffitmi,  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocfin,  is  aboitt«6' leagues  long, 
and  W.  10  S.  diftant  48  leagues  iiOHR 
Otaheite,  or  ^ing  George's  liluid.  b. 
lat.  15.  and  W.  long.  151;  53.  at  the 
W.  end.  The  variation  of  the  needle 
in  1766,  was  5.  30.  E. 

Prince  RuriRT's  f^y*  on  the  N. 

F  f  4  >^v 


5-w 


HI   __ 

W.  cmR  •ftlwUlMd  of  DtMiiitct*  one 
•r  the  CviblMi  IOmkIi,  whcrathm  h 
omtUoit  flitltflr  from  the  winds.  It  is 
.d«pi  caMcioiMt  and  ftady,  and  is  tht 
frincipol  boy  in  th«  ifland.  It  it  of 
orant  Mivuitim  in  tim*  of  a  war  with 
FrwMt,  M  a  4e«t  may  hera  iiitcrecpt  all 
tlMir  Wei.Tndia  trade.  On  this  bay 
ta  fituatH  the  new  town  of  Portrmouth,' 

2.  of  whieh  ia  •  cape  called  Prince 
upert>  HcMl. 

PaiNci't  Bay,  on  the  S.  fide  of  Sta> 
in  Ifland,  in  Ncw-York  Sute. 

iPaiNcita  Ann«  e  maritime  county 
of  Virginia,  bo«uKled  £.  bv  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  W.  bjr  Norfolk  co.  It  con-\ 
taina  7,799  ii*habitantt>.of  whom  s,aoa 
Are  flayet. 

PRiMCiaa  Ann,  a  poft-townof  Ma 
i7land,  qn  the  eaftem  fliore  of  Chela.  • 
jiieak  bay  in  Somcrfet  co.  on  the  E.  fide 
•f  Moiiokin  river,  9  milea&E.ofBal- 
'timore,  and  17I  $.  by  W.  of  PhiladeU 
pbia.  It  contain    \boutaooinhabitantt. 

PniNCiiTON,  a  townfliip  of  Maiii- 
chufetti,  in  Worcefter  CO.  ijimileaN. 
hr  Weft  of  Worctlter,  and  sa  W.  by  N.- 
M.Bofton.  The  townfliin  contains 
19,000  acres  of  elevated  nilly,  but 
Arong,  and  rich  land,  adapted  to  grafs 
and  grtin.  Ekcelknt  beef,  budtter,  and 
gheek,  are  ita  principal  nrodudiont. 
The  manTion.liouie  and  farm  of  his 
Honour  Lieut.  Govenior  Gill,  one  of 
the  moft  elegant  fituations,  and  fineft 
ftrms  in  the  commaowealth,  it  in  this 
town,  and  adds  nnich  to  its  ornament 
and  wealth.  A  handfome  Congrcgatioml 
churcli  has  lately  been  ereAetU  on  a  high 
hill,  and  commands  a  moft  extenfive  and 
jrb;h  profpeA  of  the  Airrounding country. 
Wachul'ett  Mountain,  the  moft  noted 
in  the  State,  is  in  tlie  north  part  of  the 
jpowndiip.  Here,  at  in  many  other 
towns,  it  a  valuable  focial  librar/.; 
4Prmceton  waa  incorporated  in  1759, 
Mdconuina  1,016  inhabitahtt. 

PR||»C«T0K»  a  poft-town  of  New. 
Jei%,  fituatcd  partly  in  Middlefex, 
jMid  partly  in  Sonierlet  eoumice.  Naf. 
iku  Hall  College,  an  inftitution  which 
liat  pnxiuced  a  great  numlwr  of  emi- 
nent fcholart,  it  very  pleaiantly  fituated 
dn  the  compa£l  part  or  this  town.  Here 
«re  aboor  So  dwd'ing-houlet,  and  a 
brick  Vrefl>ytcpsin  church.  The  col- 
4ej[e  eiiftce  is  a  handfome  ftone  build- 
ing, of  I  to  feet  by  54,  four  ttories  high, 
.ttd  ftanda  on  an  elevated  and  healtli> 


IP" 

All  fpott  and 

anddelifl 


mi 


a  tn  MMlivv 
Ughtful  profpeA.  Theeftablift^ 
in.1796,  eonfiAed  of  a  prafident, 
who  it  alfo  profeflbr  of  moral  philoAi. 
phv,  theolugyi  natural  and  nvealed  y 
Kiftory,  and  e)M)ueoce  {  a  profVlhr  of 
mathematica,  natural  phttoibahy,  and 
aftronomy{  a  profcflbr  of  chymiftry^ 
which  fttbjcA  ta  treated  b  w<fi<nce  to 
agriculture  and  numu^bftaret,  as  well  as 
medicine  1  bcfidcs  thefts  two  tutors 
have  the  iaJbuAiua  of  the  two  loweft 
claflTes,  The  choice  of  the  clafTical  books, 
and  the  arrangement  ^f  the  feveral 
branches  of  education,  of  the  lectures, 
and  of  other  literary  cxercifrs,  are  l'uch„ 
as  to  sive  the  ftudcntt  the  beft  oppor., 
tunity  for  improvement,  in  die  whole 
Encyclopedia  of  fcience.  The  number 
of  (hidenttia  from  70  to  90,  belidea  the 
grammar  fchool.  The  annual  income  of 
the  college  at  prefent,  by  the  fees  of  the 
fludents,  and  otherwifc,  it  abottt  ^1000 
currency  a  year.  It  hat,  befides,  hinda^ 
iffpoflemon,  through  the  extraordinary 
liberality  of  Mr.  Jamet  Leflie,  of  Nev*. 
York,  and  Mrt.  Efthell  Richaidt  bf 
Rahway,  totbeamount  of  io,eeo  dolls, 
for  the  Cilucation  of  poor  and  pious 
youth  for  the  mpiftry  of  the  gofpel  i 
and  the  reveriion  of  an  eftate  in  Phila- 
delphia for  the  fiune  purpofe,  of  between 
too  and  ^300  per  annum,  a  legacy  of 
the  late  Mr.  Hush  Hodge,  a  man  of 
eminnit  piety,  wnich  it  to  eome  to  the 
college  at  die  death  of  a  Very  worthy  and 
aged  widow.  '  The  collwe  library  waa 
almoft  wholly  deftroyed  during  the  late 
war  I  but  out  of  the  reifiaiiit  of  that, 
and  by  the  liberal  donation!  of  feveral 
gentlemen,  chiefly  in  Scotland,  it  haa 
colIeAcd  one  of  about  »,}eo  voiumet. 
There  ase  befidetthta,  in  the  college,^ 
two  librariea  belonging  to  the  two  lite- 
rary focietiet,  into  which  the  ftudentt 
have  arranged  themfclvea,  of  about  i  ,000 
volumea )  and  the  library  of  the  prefi- 
dent,  confifting  of  1,000  volumes  more, 
is  always  open  to  the  ftudmts.  Before 
the  war,  this  college  was  fumilhed  with 
a  philol'ophical  apparatus,  worth  ^500, 
which  (except  the  elri(ant  orrery  con- 
AniAed  by  Mr.  Rittenhouft:)  was  almoft 
entirely  deftroyed  by  the  Britifli  army  in 
the  hue  war.  Pi  in'ceton  is  i*  miles  N. 
E.  of  Trenton,  18  S.W.  of  Brunfwick, 
53  S.  W.  of  New- York,  and  41  N.  E. 
of  Philadelphitr.     N.  lat.  40.  aa.  is. 

W.  kwg.  74.  34*  45*  .    ^ 

PillNCSTON« 


CO. 


ptUloftJ 
■vcaitdt 
fVliprof 

•y.  j»d 

rtnct  to 
•  wwUm 
tuton 
ioweft 
Ibooki, 
fcfcrii 

ftieh. 


1 


YKO 

VMUCtroH,  ft  flmll  poi|.is«n  of 
||>  CaraiiM,  s  nUn  from  MorfrMbo 
loagb,  tffroaiHftUliWf  and  419  from 
pbiMfflphia, 

Fungi  WitUAM, «  amntfof  Vir. 
ginia,  boondeft  W*  by  Fiu|uicr,  and  K. 
by  PiUowmac  river,  which  divide*  it 
from  Maryland.  It  comaint  11,615 
(uhabitanta,  of  whom  4,704  are  flavet. 

Pftf  NCI  WaUAM,  a  parifliin  ficau* 
litrt  diihriA,  S  Carolina, 

PftiNCi  WrtLiAM'a  Stmul,  fituatcd 
on  the  N.  W.  icoaftof  N.  America,  lie* 
raftward  of  the  mouth  of  Cook**  river. 
At  it*  mouth  arc  three  ifland*,  Monta- 
go*,  Rofe,  and  Kay.  It  was  judged  by 
Ofrtain  Cixilc  toocr  -^y  a  demree  and  a 
ji«lf  of  latitude,  and  two  of  longitude, 
cxcluHve  of  ita  arm*  and  branch**, 
which  were  not  explored. 

Pro.    %f  Poitit  U  Pr», 

P«  o*r  eCT )  Kranktort,  U  thcDllMft 
4>f  Main,  is  now  To  called.  It  adfoin* 
Buckfton  on'Penobfcot  river,  and  i*  16 
mile*  below  Orrington. 

Proipict  Hariour,  on  the  S.  coatt 
of  Nova- Scotia,  ha*  Cape^amhro  and 
l(l.ind  enltward,  ami  ia  a  league*  N.  E. 
oi  St.  Margaret' !>  Bay. 

Protictworth,  a  townfliip  in  the 
northern  part  of  Chefliire  co.  New- 
Hampshire.  It  wa*  incorporated  in 
1769,  and  contains  no  inhamtant*. 

Providence,  a  river  which  falls 
Into  Narrapniet  bay  on  the  W.  fide 
of  KItode  iQand.  It  rife*  by  feveral 
branche*,  part  of  which  ccnne  from 
MafTKliufett*.  It  i*  navigable  as  far  as 
Pi'uviJ.  nee  for  (hips  of  900  tons,  30 
Diilefe  from  the  fea.  It  aiffbrd*  fine  fifii, 
oyllers,  and  lobfteri. 

Providence,  a  county  of  Rhode, 
liland  State,  bounded  by  Maflkchufetts 
}i.  and  £.  ConneAicut  W.  and  Kent 
CO.  on  the  (buth.  It  contains  9  town- 
fliips,  and  a4,?9i  inhabitants,  incliuling 
^x  Have*.  It*  chief  town  i*  Providence, 
nhd  the  town  of  Scituate  i*  famou*  Ixir 
its  excellent  cannon  fbundery. 

PROVJDBNCE,  the  chief  town  of  the 
nliove  county,  lituated  3omile*  N.  by  W. 
^  W.  from  Newport,  and  35  from  the 
ka ;  feated  at  the  head  of  navigation  of 
NarraganTet  Bay,  on  both  fides  of  Provi- 
ticiice  river  the  two  paiti  of  the  town 
being  connected  by  a  bridge  160  feet 
long  and  xi  wide.  It  i*  the  oldrft  town 
in  the  State,  having  been  fettltd  by 
itoger  WilUama  and  bis  company  in 


*  FRO  4fF 

lonf.  71.  fti.W.  4«.  inUnt.  WW.  «f 
Boftoii,  and  a9t  nonh-ntk^irmM/k 
phU.    Ship*  of  almollMyflMflilli^ 
and  dowii  tht  cbannil,  which  isiHlrlM 
out  by  take*,  tnBM  at  poimiiof  |Im1» 
and  bed*  lying  in  the  river,  h  that  • 
Aranger  may  come  up  to  the  io«(ni  wMi. 
out  a  pilot.  A  fliip  of  950  toiia»  for  th« 
Eaft.India  traie,  wa*  Ifttci, '  utif  in  thi4 
town,  and  fitted  for  lea.   In  1764,  theiV 
were  bckn^ing  to  the  county  of  Proviu 
dene*  54  liiil  of  veflel*,  contaimag4  js* 
tun*.    In  1790,  there  were  1*9  veinlk, 
containing  11,94*  tons.    Thia  towa 
fuifefed  much  by  the  Imlian  war  of  1 6750 
when  a  number  of  it*  inhabitant*  iv- 
moved  to  Ahodclfland  for  Ihelctr.    Ia 
the  hue  war,  the  cale  wa*  reverftdi 
many  of  the  inhabitant*  of  that  ifland 
removed  to  Providence.    The  public 
buildinga  are  an  elegant  meetiiig-hi^r 
for  Baptlft*,  to  ktt  tquare,  with  a  l' ' 
and  beautiful  lieeple,  and  a  large  bell  cai 
at  the  Hope  Fumate  in  Scituate  i  a  meet* 
ing-houle  for  Friends  and  Q^uakcn )  %  kit 
Conoregatiaoalitts*  one  of  whkb,  lalclf 
efcAed,  is  the  moft  elegant  perha|i*  in  the 
United  State* )  an  Eiulieopal  church  |  a 
handfiune  court- houw,  70  feet  by  40,  in 
which  is  depofited  a  library  for  the  fife 
of  the  inlflibitant*  of  the  town  andcotm- 
try;  a  work-houfe|  amarkft-hotife,  So 
feet  long  and  40  wide,  and  a  brick  Ichool 
houfe,  in  which    4  fchooU  are  kept. 
Rhode- Ifland  college  is  ettabliflied  at 
Providence.    The  elegant  buiMing  c- 
re&ed  for  it*  aceoiDmodation,  i*  fituatcd 
on  a  hill  to  the  eaft  of  the  town  {  ana 
while  it*  elevated  fituation  render*  it  de- 
lightful, by  commandingan  rxtenfive  Ta- 
liegated  profpeA,  if  fumiflie*  it  with  a 
pure,  falubiiou*  ain    The  edifice  i*  of 
brick,  4  ftorie*  high,  1 50  feet  long,  and 
46  wide,  with  a  proje^ion  of  lofcet  each 
tide.  It  has  48  room*  for  Rudents,and  t 
larger  ones  tor  public  ufe*.   The  roof  ia 
fiated.    It  i*  a  flouriOiing  feminary,  pad 
contain*  upward*  of  60  ftudent*.  It  liaa 
a  library  containing  between  1  and  3O00 
volumes,  and  a  valuable  philofophieal. 
aup.n-atus.  The  houles  in  this  town  are 
(generally  built  of  wood,  though  there 
are  fome  brick  buildings  which  am 
large  and  eirganf.     At  a  convenient 
diltance  from  the  town,  an  hofuilal  for 
tile  fmalUpox  and  other  difeafes  ha*  been 
erefled.      There    are   two  fperroaceti 
woi  ks,  a  numbei[  of  diftillcrie*,  Aigar> 

hoitii;*^ 


# 


writ  km  mn  mllnl  in  md  mtr  Uw 
•mm  Aictag  tht  WW,  whkbt  bownrrMr* 
■itMllwpikirfMar.  Itliiim««tfln> 
|ft  trait  with  MnAMlmAtiii  CokWN. 
ticttti  wd  ptrt  of  Vtrmont  i  with  tlit 
WfA*bdit0»  with  Ewwpt,  «nd  litdv 
vMi  tiN  Bal^.Iadin  smI  CiiiM.  A 
VMJiliMalfelMNncftMUiilMdhiirt,  tnd 
•  cotton  nMnufiiftoryi  wliich  cmployi 
MM  ImmIsi  witii  whicii  it  coMMtttd  a 
will  far  Ibimiing  cotton,  on  the  modtl 
nf  «ir  R.  Ariiwrinhfa  miU.  It  it  eivA. 
«A  It  Ptwtnekcl  Falla,  in  N(irth.Provi- 
4Mm,  tud  U  the  firit  of  the  kind  built 
InAincrico.  TiMcxporit  for  one  year, 
ending  Sent.  soi*  i  ?Hi  Mnoonted  to  the 
indM  of  04s,)7t  doilan.  It  contoina 
4»lto  inlwbitanie»  including  4I  flavee. 

Providinci»  Ntrtkf  a  townAipof 
Bhode-Iiandi  in  Providence  co.  north 
town  of  Providence  I  fouth  of 
tteld,  and  ftparatcd  from  the  State 
«f  Mafiehnfttta  on  the  caft  bv  Paw. 
tncket  river.  It  containt  1071  inhabi* 
tante,  including  f  flavee. 

PnoviDiNCit  a  townOiip  of  New< 
York)  fituated  inSaratoga  countv,  taken 
fiomOalwayt  and  incorporated  in  1796. 

PnoiriDiNCii  Upptr  and  L$weft 
.townfliipainOclawanico  Pennfylvania. 

PnoviDiNCit  a  townfltip  In  Mont< 
gomery  co.  Pennfyhrania. 

PnoviDiNCifOne  of  the  Bahama  If- 
landa*  and  the  Acond  in  fitc  of  thoft  To 
oalled  I  being  about  36  milea  in  Icnsth 
and  16  in  breadth.  N.  lat.  t^.  j8.  W. 
kwm;.  at  ita  eaft  part.  77.  si.  It  waa 
formerly  called  J6aet,anA  it  frt<^uently 
named  Hfui  Frtvidttice,  Chiettowni 
Maffiu. 

PnovioiNCB,  an  uninhabited  ifland 
«n  the  coaft  of  Hondunt,  1 1  milet  lone 
and  4  broad.  It  hat  a  fertile  foiH 
wliolefome  airf  and  plenty  of  water  j 
and  might  be  cafiiy  fortiAed.  It  it  &• 
parated  from  the  continent  by  a  narrow 
channel.  He  are  neither  ferpentt  nor 
vtEnomoua  reptiiea.  N.  lat.  1 3.  s6.  W. 
loiiK.  lo.  45» 

rnoviNCli  an  ifland  in  Delaware 
river»  6  milet  below  Philadelphia.  It 
it  joined  to  the  main  land  by  a  dam. 

pRoviNCS-ToWN  it  fituated  on  the 
hook  of  Cape  Cod»  in  Barnftable  co. 
Mafl!tchnicttt»  3  milet  north-weft  of 
Race  Point.  I:t  harbour,  which  it  one 
of  the  beft  in  the  State*  opcnit  to  the 
Ibothward,  and  hat  depth  of  water  for 


PUB 

My4ilM,  Uria  waa  tha  Mt  fm'4nm 
ttrid  by  the  BmNAi  wIm  tliqr  tana 
to  Attle  in  New-invlandf  In  i«ao.  It 
haa  been  in  a  thrivUig  and  daaaying 
ftatc  many  thnec.  It  la  now  riflns.  aiM 
•oniaina4S4  Inhabltante  |  whoft  ftit  da- 
pendenoa  la  upon  the  codt-flAiery,  hi 
which  they  empkjr  to  fail,  great  and 
flnalU  Ten  ci  their  vcflSelt,  in  i79«, 
took  11,000  quintali  of  oed>Afli.  They 
an  fo  exoert  and  fltccelaful  that  they 
have  not  loft  a  veflel  or  a  anan  in  the 
hufinelk,  flnce  the  war.  The  heufcv,  in 
number  about  90,  ftand  on  the  inner 
fide  of  the  ^ape,  fronting  the  ibutb-eall. 
They  are  one  ftory  high,  aiul  fet  upon 
pilet,  that  the  drivinv  ilindt  may  pafli 
under  them  |  otherwire  they  wouM  be 
buried  in  land.  They  raift  nothing 
from  their  ianda,l>utare  wholly  dtpen* 
dent  on  Bofton,  and  the  tuwnt  in  the  vi- 
cinity»  for  every  vegetable  proouAlon. 
There  are  but  s  horfea  and  t  yoket  of 
oxen  kept  in  the  town.  They  have  a- 
bout  50  cowt,  which  fnA  in  the  Ipring 
upon  beach  graft,  which  growt  at  inter  J^ 
vale  upon  Uie  iliore}  and  in  fummer 
they  teed  in  the  funken  ponda  and 
marfliy  ulacea  that  are  found  l}ttween 
the  fandJiilla.  Here  the  cowa  are  feen 
wading,  and  even  fwimming,  plunging 
their  kcadt  into  the  water  up  to  their 
hornt,  picking  a  fcanty  fubiiltcnce  from 
theroott  and  herba,  produced  in  the 
water.  They  are  fed  in  the  winter  on 
rdjK,  cut  from  the  flata. 

PftVCRBoa,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
New.Spain,  in  the  South  Sea. 

Prudence,  a  (mall  ifland,  nearly  a| 
large  at  Canonnicut,  and  lict  N.  ot  it, 
in  Narraganliet  Bay.  It  bfelon;;a  to  the 
town  of  Portiinouth,  in  Newport  co. 
Rhode-Iflan*!.  The  noith  end  10  nearly 
opixifite  to  Briflol  on  the  eaft  fide  ot  the 
bay. 

PvAN,  or  Gnm  B*yt  hat  communi- 
cation eaftwaixl  with  Lake  MkbigtMy 
which  fest  alfo  Crtm  Bttf, 

PvkBLAnB  LoaANoBLOB,thepre. 
fent  capital  of  the  province  of  Tlafcala, 
or  Loa  Anfrclot.    See  Angthi, 

Pueblo  NuEVO,  or  Ntvaovtm,  at 
the  bottom  of  the  gulf  of  Dolce,  on  the 
W.  coaft  of  Mexico.  It  it  7  leaguet  N. 
by  W.  of  BaiaHond«,orDeepBay.  The 
ifland  of  thit  name  it  oppofite  the  town 
and  month  of  the  river  of  itt  name,  in 
the  bottom  of  Fnefli  Water  bay,  in  Int. 
about  t.  50.  N«  and  long.  iy.  aS.  W. 

Puerto, 


•••   It 

"i3 


FITH 

VvitTt.  ttit  ItiltaB  Mmw  IW  rtrl. 
HMnw  ff  thlt  dhftriprton,  adMCjil  by 
Ibt  Ipmiafdii  will  bt  finmd  MMtr  fart 

FvM  Af  M  Mind  mar  tilt  t^ty  of  Ottjr* 
■quMi  on  tho  cooft  of  Ponit  oMut  lo  or 
14  Iwf  uei  long  from  Et  le  Wt  and  4  or 

Sad.  Thara  la  an  Indian  town  of'tha 
name,  on  ita  fiwth  fidti  having 
to  huMfta*  and  a  finall  church. 
The  houica  all  ftand  on  poAa  10  or  it 
(iNt  highi  with  laddara  en  the  OHrfidc 
to  |o  up  to  them^  from  thaMand  San- 
ta Clara  i-i  the  bay  of  Ouyaquil  to  the 
wcftcrmoft  point  of  the  ifland,  called 
Punta  Arena,  is  7  leaguei  N.  N.  B.  8. 
lat.  3.17,  W.  liNig.fi.  6. 
-  Pviijo  Bmjit  in  Eaft-Florida,  8ce 
MM  Btn* 

,.^  NTA  ran,  one  of  theburceft  batte> 
ri«a  or  oftlet,  and  the  fecondin  order, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  harbour  of  the  Ha> 
yannah  in  thaJSaod  of  Cuba.  It  it  al. 
fo  called  MdldffMariai  or  the  Virgin 
Mary'aTabll, 

Punta,  and  Pvnta  Brava,  towne 
of  Mexico.    Sec  A^tht. 

Punta  db  PaoaAi,  a  cape  on  the 
north-weftem  extremity  of  the  peninfu* 
Ja  of  Yucatan,  in  New-Spain 


•fiyetiMidfaig^  md  anwtttcalkilb 
ftUrpaU  ictjwtltttti^arfllkr^ 

FtrrAwaTAMia,  or  ftmmnmk^ 
IndiMM,  wbo  Inhabit  batwam  ft.  ti. 
ftph*a  and  Detrplt,  nd  can  IWatfli  ft. 
fM  warnora.    Tbavi  ira  tup 


Pif NTA  EspADA,  the  S.  E.  vmm^ 

so|A5rea|be# 

following  the  turnings  of  the  coaft,  ealt 


the  ifland  of  St.  Dominso  1  A5 1 


ward  of  Nifao,  and  16'  Jeaguea  from 
Cape  Raphael.'  The  fouth-eaitem  part 
of  the  ifland  confifts  chiefly  of  exteniive 
rich  plains. 

PvNTA  GoRDA,  a  peninAila  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  S.  E. 
of  Ifle  de  Pinos,  90  weft  of  the  gulf 
of  Xagua,  and  70  eaft  of  Bohia  de 
Cortes. 

PvNTA  Nbgrillo,  the  weftem 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica. 

PvaipiCATiON,  a  town  of  New- 
Mexico,  14.  leagues  from  the  weft  coaft, 
and  maintains  a  fifliery  near  the  low 
lands  of  Cbametla. 

PuKYSBVRG,  a  handfome  town  of 
S.  Carolina,  fit uated  in  Beaufort  diftri A, 
on  the  eaftein  fide  of  Savannali  river, 
37  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  so  from 
tlie  town  of  Savannah.  It  contains  be- 
tween 40  and  50  dwelling-hoiifes,  and 
an  Epifcopal  church.  It  tooic  its  name 
from  John  Peter  Pury,  a  Swiit,  who  let- 
tied  a  colony  of  his  countrymen  here 
about  the  vear  1733,  with  a  view  to  the 
culture  ot  filk.     Ihc  mulbcrry-treea 


tribea  of  tbia  aanw*  the  out  «l  the  £ 
vcr  of  St.  joAph,  and  the  etbfr  of  ml. 
ron.  They  were  hitely  hoAiki  bi| 
at  the  treaty  of  OrMnville,  AMmft  «. 
I795*  tlMV  ^fldfd  landf  to  theyntea 
Stntea  1  who  in  return  pldd  them  •  Ank 
in  hand,  and  cngagfd  to  mt  them  |b 
gooda  to  the  value  of  \m  daUwiii 
yearforevcr. 

PuTNBYit  •  thriving  ttfwn  in  Wbi^, 
ham  CO.  Vermont,  on  the  weft  fide  i^f 
ConneAicut  rirer,  fouth  of  Weftaiiv 
Her.    Inhabitant!  il^S. 


alTADRAS  IJUt,  on  the  N.  W, 
coait.ot'N.  America,  lie  betweea 
PIntard's  Sound  and  rhe  Strnita  de  Puca. 
Nootka  Soimd  Ilea  among  tbelb  illanda. 
In  1791,  twoSpnnifti  Arhooners,  v  nd  hit 
Brittannic  Majcfly'ii  fliip  Difcovery,  and 
hripntine Chatham,  paflixl  through  tbia, 
channel)  but  the  former  firft)  henco 
Capt.  Ingraham  called  the  illes  by  tht 
name  of  the  Spanifh  commander. 

QjrAMPBAOAN  FaUst  at  the  head  of 
the  tide  on  Newichwanocr:  rivaiV 
which  joins  Pii'cataqua  river  10  mlW 
from  the  Tea.  The  nativea  give  d» 
Faila  this  name,  bccaufe  fifli  was  tbena 
taken  with  nets.  At  thefe  falla  are  a 
fet  of  faw  and  other  miUa )  and  « 
landing  place,  where  great  fljintitiea  of 
lumber  is  rafted  on  fcows.  Here  tht 
river  has  the  Englifli  name  of  Salmon 
Falls  river,  from  the  plenty  of  fldrooa 
there  caught.  In  the  memory  of  pro* 
pie  who  lived  50  years  ago,  theft  fifli 
were  fo  plenty  aa  to  be  ftrucfc  «^th 
fpears  on  theroclcs ;  but  none  now  alive 
remember  to  have  feen  any  there.  Th« 
law  mills  where  the  dam  croflea  tbo 
fti-eam  are  the  fure  deftniAion  of  that 
fpecies  of  fifli.  Tom-cod  or  froft- fiih, 
Imelts  and  ale- wivea  abound  here.  The 
pl.ice  called  Salmon  Falls  is  covered 
with  uleful  mills.  Above  thefe  wf 
meet  with  the  Great  Falls,  where  faw^ 
mills  aie  continued  to  great  advantage. 
On  many  piaoea  from  Q^ampegan  to 

tho 


If' 


\- 


nil  iioacl,  from  wbcBce  it  iiMt,  sit 
nttlt  for  boinls  and  con* 

QtfAKift  Tovrn,  in  Back's  co.  Rmn- 
'lyivwOa,  lin  %s  miln  N.  W.  of  New- 
town,  and  %itL  N.  W.  of  PhihdclphU. 
^  QSAtiqivA,  >  piace  fituatcd  in  the 
OnlTof  Daricn.  Heii»  Va^ow  Nunet 
met  with  tcokmjr  of  negroM}  but  how 
they  had  arrived  in  that  region,  or  how 
long  they  had  refidcd  in  it,  are  not  re* 
coi^  by  tlie  Spanifh  hiAorian». 

QvBBSCf  the  capital,  not  only  of 
Lower  Canada,  but  of  all  Biitifli 
America, ^|i;^ated  at  the  confluence 
of  the  river*  St.  Lawrence  andT  St. 
Charkt,  or  the  Little  river,  about  310 
-  milis  from  the  fea>  It  is  built  on  a  rock, 
which  U  partly  of  marble  and  partly  of 
flate.  The  towc.  is  divided  into  t/fftr 
and  Lmvtr.  Near  it  it  a  fine  lead  mine. 
This  city  contained  in  the  year  1784, 
€47*  inhabitants.  At  the  time  when 
the  city  was  founded,  in  j6o8,  the  tide, 
it  is  faid,  reached  the  foot  of  therock  y 
but  fince  that  time  the  river  has  funk 
jfo  far,  that  a  large  fpot  of  gr<^und  is  left 
dry,  and  o<t  this  a  large  fubuib  is  built, 
which  is  flyled  the  Lonver  Tbrtw,  which 
'  ftauds  at  the  foot  of  a  rocky  precipice, 
about  48  feet  high.  The  houfes  in  the 
lower  town,  fat  alfo  thofe  in  the  Upper) 
are  of  ftone,  nroi^gj  and  well  built,  and 
chiefly  inhabited  by  merchants,  being 
conveniently  near  their  bufinefs.  The 
fortifications  are  extenfive  but  irregular. 
The  natural  Gtuation  of  the  town  ren- 
ders its  defence  eafy.  Tf  attacked  by 
fliips  from  the  river«  their  gtms  cannot 
injure  the  works  of  the  upper  town, 
though  the  (h  ^>s  themillves  wouUl  be 
liable  to  gn —  '  '  "v  from  the  cannon 
and  boml^^from  ttit-re  elevKted  ram- 
parts. The  lower  town  b  tlefrnded  by 
;.  platform  flanked  with  two  bnftions, 
'princh  at  high  water  and  fpring  tides 
arc  almuft  level  with  the  furt'ace  of  the 
'«>atb^^  A  little  above  the  baftion,  to  the 
itgiit,  is  a  half  baftton,  cut  out  of  the 
rock)  a  little  higher  a  large  battery} 
and  higher  ftili  a  iigiuare  foit,  the  moft 
regular  of  all  the  fortifications,  and  in 
wmch  the  Governor  reCdes.  The  paf- 
fages  which  form  a  communication  be- 
tween thefe  works  are  extremely  rug- 
ged. The  fock  which  Separates  the 
vpper  from  the  lower  town,  extends, 
Wiih  a  bokl  and  fteep  front,  a  confuiera- 
ble  diflance  weft  ward,  along  the  river 
St«  LaarcBcc    The  lower  towa  it  well 


CLUE 

r^ppUed  witk  mtcr,  which  is  fbuMtimn 
fcarcc  in.the«^p«r  town.  This  citf 
was  befiMcd  mr  the  Britifli  in  §711, 
^ithdut  fuccels}  but  was  tak^  by 
them  in  Septfmber,  1759*  when  the 
brave  Gen.  Wolf,  wdio  commandiBd  the 
army  of  befiegcrh  lefk  his  life,  Iji  Oe. 
cember,  1775,  it  was  attacked  by  the 
Americans  miidcr  the  command  of  the 
brave  Genera}  Montgomery,  wMiksras 
(Uin,  and  his  army  rcpulfcd.  N.  lat. 
46.  4t.  S9*  W.  longf.  71.  IS.  6. 

QSftkCHY,  a  river  of  Vermont,  which 
empties  into  Connefticut  river  at  Hart- 
land. 

Qj/BBK  Anmb,  a  fmall  tovint  of 
Prince  Georee  co.  Maryland,  fituated 
on  the  W.  fide  of  Patuxeot  river,  acrofs  , 
which  a  wooden  bridge  it  built.  The 
town  is  fmall,  but  is  faud  out  in  aitipriRr 
plan,  at  the  foot  of  a  hill.  Hen  are 
a  few  ftores  and  two  ware-houfes  for 
the  infpeftion  of  tobaeeo*  It  is  about 
22  miles  E.  N.  E.  oCthcrteity  of  Walh. 
ington,  13  S.  W.  of  Anmuolis,  and  to 
S.  by  W.  of  Baltimore.^  \ 

QuBEN  Annb%  a  CO.  of  Maryland, 
bounded  wefterly  by  Chefapeak  Bay, 
and  N.  by  Kent  co.  It  contains  1 5,463 
iu^itants,  including  6,674  flavea. 
CMPr  town,  Cciitcrville.  Kent  Ifland 
bemtgs  to  this  county;  14  miles  in 
length,  fromN.  to  S.  and  6^  in  breadth, 
from  E.  to  W.  It  is  low,  but  fertile 
land,  and  its  eaflera  fide  i«  bordered 
with  fait  maifh. 

Qj/EEN  Cbarhtte's  J/UmJst  oa  the  N. 
W.  coafl  of  N.  America,  extend  from 
lat.  $1.  4t.  to  54.  18.  N.  and  firem 
long.  119.  54.  to  133.  18.  W.  from 
Greenwich.  They  are  named  Wa/hiHg- 
ten  Ijlej  by  American  navigators. 

Queen's,  the  middiecounty  of  Long> 
Iflancl,  New-York.  Lloyd's  Neck,  or 
Qi^cen*t  Village,  and  the  iflands  called 
the  Two  Brothel's  and  Hallett's  Iflandr, 
are  included  in  thit  county.  It  is  about 
30  miles  long,  and  1 1  broad,  and  con- 
tains 6  townfhipt,  and  16,014  inhabi- 
tants, including  s,309  flaves.  Jamaica, 
Newtown,  Hampflead,  in  which  is  a 
handiinne  coiirt-lwutc,  and  C^fter-Bay, 
are  the  principal  iowns  in  tVtls  co^mty. 
The  county  court-boui'e  is  Z  miles  from 
Jamaica,  10  fcom  Jericho,  and  ao  from 
New- York, 

Queen's,  a  county  of  Nova- Scotia, 
comprehending  a  pait  of  the  lands  on 
the  cape,  on  ths  S.  fide  of  the  B^y  off 

^%.  Fti' 


Mtimn 

it  cbjr 

»7ii, 

91    by 

en  the 
Jfxlthe 
InDc 
by  the 
of  the 


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Hart. 


01 

Wmif*  The  ftwlilliti  ire  n  fcAkmt 
AtgfK,  on  the  £ra»W«dc  0^  tlMJ|«r «( 
FuiMy»  whcfc  a  few  Scotch  and;  Aea- 
diam  ftTitle  t  nrac  to  this,  it  Yarmouth, 
iittled  diicfly  by  enuftiantt  from  New- 
Enrland }  Barringtoiki  wKhin  the  iflaml 
«MlIed  Cape  Sabk,  (ettkd  origioally 
by  Qgakers  from  Hantucket.  Be- 
fidea  tbefe  ara  Port  Railbir,  fi>  called  by 
the  French,  and  originally  icttled  by 
the  North  Iriih;  LiTrrpool  and  Port 
jRofeway,  fettled  and  inhabited  by  emi- 
gcMita  from  New'Rngland. 

Q^BIMSBVUY,  a  townlhip  in  Wafli' 
ingtonco.  New- York,  bounded  eaAerly 
by  Weiiield  %ndKmgfl»ury,  and  fouth- 
arly  by  Albany  county.  It  contains 
i,oSo  inhabitants,  of  whom  laa  are 
clenorsr 

QjrBBNSTOWN,  in  Q^een  Ann's  co. 
Maryland,  a  fmall  town  on  the  cafterh' 
iide  of  Chcfter  rivcr^  6  miles  fouth-weft 
•f  CentcrviUe,  and  nearly  ao  £.  of  An- 
aapolis. 

QSBENSTOWM,  in  Upper  Canada, 
lies  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  btraita  of  Ni- 
agara, near  Fort  Niagara,  and  9  miles 
above  the  falls. 

OVESMB,  Fart  du.    See  Pktjbmrgb. 

QyiBBfcBTOWN,  a  village  \n  Mid- 
dlleiex  cc<.  New-Jericy,  6  miles  north  of 
N«w-Brufwick. 

QuiBO,  an  ifland  in  the  mouth 
of  the  bay  of  Panama.  It  is  uninha- 
bited; but  affords  wood  and.  water  to 
Aiipping. 

(^ILCA,  a  rich  vaHey  in  Peru,  on 
whicR  ftands  the  ancient  city  of  Are- 
4|uipa.  The  port  of  Quika  is  in  about 
lat.  17.  8.  fouth,  10  leagues  north-weft 
of  the  fmall  river  of  Xiuy,  and  6  from 
tlic  volcano  of  Arequipa. 

QuiLtOTA,  a  fmall  jurifdiflion  of 
Chill,  in  S.  America. 

QuiNABAUG,  a  river  foimerly  called 
^(Hitfjfais,  which rifet  in  Brimfield,  Maf- 
fiichufetts,  and  is  joined  at  Oxford  by 
French  river,  which  has  its  fouroe  in 
Sutton,  Wurceftcr  co.  It  runs  n^fjUK^ 
therly  courfetand  empties  into  ShctBcl  et, 
about  three  miles  above  Norwicli.i^|Bd>i 
ing,  in  Connecticut.  ^^ 

Q^iNcr,  a  poft-town  of  MaflTachu- 
ietts,  in  Norfolk  co.  taken  (Vom  Brain- 
tree,  to  miles  foutherly  of  Bofton,  9 
weft  of  Hingham,  and  360  north-eatt 
of  Philadelphia^  In  this  town,  is  the 
ieat  of  the  prefrnt  Prcfident  of  the 
Ibuttd  SatM.    Sec  BraiMrn. 


(IviMBrAVOB,  or  Aj/if  ttiwrt  in 
Connecticut,  runsk  foutherly  courfe. 
and  empties  into  the  i|orth-caft  comer  ot 
New.Htvcn  harbour.  '  •      .  ,. 

QvtiisioAM'^iiP,  Wmt^t  or  hm 
PtM,  is  a  bcaiiL<«l  piece  of  water  ivwi 
form  of  a  crefeent,  about  >|  miks  hi 
length  and  from  <o  to  !••  sods  broad. 
It  is  iituated  on  ibe  line  between  the 
towns  of  Worceftcr  and  Shrewfbarya 
but  the  greater  part  ot  it  is  in  the  latter. 
It  is  interfperled  with  a  aorobcr  of 
iAands,  one  of  which  is  upwards  of  aoo 
acres  in  extett. 

QuispicHANCHi,  a  jurifiiiftkMi  hs 
the  aiocelie  of  Cdfto,  and  kingdona 
of  Peru^  b^ianing  at  the  fimth-gatea 
of  Qiiito,  and  ftretdiing  firom  em  t» 
weft  about  «o  leagues.  -  The  lands  of 
this  jurifiltHion  belong,  in  eenval,  tm 
the  gentry  of  Cufcojaml  prMuce  plait3r 
of  wheat,  maize  and  firnits*  Here  as* 
alfo  mannfiiSures  of  baize  and  coarl* 
woollen  ftuifs.  Part  of  the  jurifBiftiott 
borders  on  the  forefts  inhabited  hf 
wiki  Indi^Ois,  and^froduces  gieat  quaa> 
tities  of  coc(»|  in  herb  greatlv  uftA 
by  the  Indians^orking  ia  the  nuaes. 

Q27ITAPAHILLA,  a  branch  of  the 
Swetara,  which  falls  kilo  the  Sefque* 
haiinah  at  Middleton. 

Quito,  a  province  of  Pern,  in  S.  A* 
merica,  having  an  exceedii^  temperate 
air,  oceafwned  by  its  clevatM  fituation* 
The  plain  of  Qnito  may  be  confidered 
as  the  bafe  of  the  Andes,  and  is  higher 
above  the  Tea  t'^an  the  tup  of  the  Pyre, 
nees  in  Europe.  It  is  pretty  well  cultij. 
vated,  and  the  towns  and  villages  are 
populous;  and  the  northern  parts  a- 
bound  with  goM.  The  province  is-  a- 
bout4.oo  mites  lor^  and  200  broad.  Ita 
chief  towns  are  i^ito  and  Payta. 

Quito,  chief  town  intl^above  pro. 
vince,  is  next  to  Lima  in  |0pulation,  if 
not  fttporior  to  it.  Seme  authta'S  lay  it 
contains  7  5,000  inhabitants.  It  is'^an 
inhnd  city,  and  having  no  mines  in  its 
neighbourhood,  is  chiefly  famous  for 
its  manufa£lure8  oi  cotton,  wool,  and 
flax,  which  lupply  the  kingdom,  of* 
Pei'u.  South  lat.  0.  13.  weft  long.'  77'. 
50.  It  was  I'vval  lowed  itp  by  an  earth- 
quake, April  14,  1755,  3"^  has  bees 
'  rebuilt. 

QuiVA,  a  province  of  California, 
thinly  inhabited,  and  but  little  knowi|. 

Qj;ixos,  a  diftt  id  of  Pcfu^ia. South- 
America. 

RABY» 


'^W^^ 


i     >       '     VV 


It  A  I 

R 


RABY,  •  fmaU  townfliip  of  N.Hamp> 
flrii«t  in  HilllboroUffh  eo.  about  65 
Milct  W.  by  S.  of  Port7raouth>  ami  47 
H.  "W.  of  Bofton.  It  wa»  incorporated 
■n  >76o»  and  contains  33-8  inhabitants. 

RikCB,  Cii|^,  the  8.  E.  point  of  New- 
Ibwdlmd  IAamI»  in  the  N«  Atlantic  O. 
ceftBy4  kagues  fouth  of  Cap6  Ballard. 
N.  lMv44*  43k  W.  long.  54.  49*  The 
V&ftn  lUtdts,  much  dreaded  by  mari- 
■era,  we  about  so  leagues  to  the  ^.  E. 
vfCkpeRace. 

JRaob  Pmtitt  the  nonh-weftem  ex- 
ticmity  of  Cape  Cod,  Maflkchufctts,  a 
Jeagoe  K.  W.  of  Provincetown.  Whqi 
wimin  a  mile  of  this  point,  with  a  fair 
'windand  tide  oftfbod,  yourcourfe  to 
Bofton  is  N.  W.  by  W.  diftance  15 
kagues.  A  number  of  huts  are  ercAed 
hut  on  the  lodfe  fands  by  thofe  who 
come  from  Provincetown  to  fiOi  in 
boats. 

Radnor,  a  fma^pleatant  town  of 
IMaware  co.  Penufyl#ipta.  This  place 
was  originally  called  Jlittftel,  by  the 
Dutch,  who  began  to  build  here. 

Radnor,  a  town  of  S.  Carolina,  to 
miles  8.  W.  of  Edmondfliury,  and  3a 
M.  E.  of  Puryfburg. 

R400BD  HarbtuTf  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Newfoundland,  is  a  part  of  Catalina 
Bay.  Many  eraggy  rocks  lie  about  the 
entrance  of  it,  both  within  and  without) 
fi»  that  it  is  very  dangerous  to  enter.  It 
is  a  leagues  northward  of  Catalina  har- 
bour. There  is  good  water  at  the  head 
of  the  harbour. 

Raimond,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  the  (buth  peniniula  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo )  t  leagues- weft  of  Point 
Baynet  inxl  ti  weft  of  Cape  Mare- 
chaux.  I^tlit  the  cove  Petite  Anfe  on 
the  eaft,  and  that  of  Breiiliere  on  the 
wen. 

Rainy  Ifiand  Rivtr,  a  (mall  river  of 
♦he  N.  W,  Territory  5  having  a  north- 
weft  courfe,  and  empties  into  Illinois 
river,  about  halfway  between  the  Little 
Rocks  and  Illinois  lake,  and  155  miles 
from  the  Mifliiippi.  It  is  1 5  yards  wide, 
and  is  fiavtgable  9  miles  to  the  rocks. 

Rainy,  or  lu^  l.ak*t  lies  eaft  of  the 
Lake  of  the  W(wds,  and  weft  of  Lake 
Stiocrior.  It  it  faid  to  be  nearly  leo 
■liMs  long,  and  in  so  part  j^t«  »o 
miles  wide. 


'■■■   ^-'1 


KAiiiOM,  WWrttait  Mt  6f  •«; 
ferimsot  of  N.  CSirolina}  fituated  lit 
Wain  CO.  about  10  miles  from  Wake 
court-Houfe»  In  December,  1791,  the 
gendai  aflianbly  of  the  Stata  apj^pri. 
ated  ^10,000  towards  ere^tjilg  public 
buiklihgs,  and  named  it  after  Uie  cele- 
brated Sir  Walter  Raleighi  under  whofe 
direction  the  firft  fettlemcnt  in  N.  Ame- 
rica was  made  at  Roanoke  Ifland,  in 
Albemarle  Sound.  The  ftate-boufe, 
a  large  handfome  buiUing,  has  bem 
lately  finiihed,  and  coft  ,^6ooo<  Seve- 
ral other  buildings  have  been  erefted, 
and  a  number  of  dwclling-KBufes.  The 
fituation  is  healthy.  Its  remotenefs 
from  navigation  is  the  greateft  disad- 
vantage. It  is  61  miles  north  by  eaft^ 
of  Fayetteville,  147  from  Peterft>urg  in 
Virginia,  and  448  fouth-weft  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

RamaOa,  a  maritime  town  of  Gra* 
nada,  in  S.  America.  Near  it  is  a  cop- 
per-mine. N.  lat.  ii.io,W.long.7s.so« 

Ramsay's  Mi/is,  in  N.  Carolina* 
are  fituated  %t  the  confluence  of  Deep} 
with  the  north-weft  branch  of  Cape  Fear 
river;  about  35  miles  fouth-wenerly  of 
Hillfborough,  and  55  S.  E.  of  Guild- 
ford court>houfe. 

Ranai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands> 
in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  north  of 
Tahoorowa,  and  north-weft  of  Mowee 
and  Owhyhee.  It  has  about  s4,ooo  in*^ 
habitants.  It  abounds  witL  yams, 
fweet  potatoes,  and  taro,  but  has  few 
plantains  or  bread-fruit  trees. 

Rancheira,  atown  of  Terra  Firma, 
in  the  province  of  New -Granada.  N. 
lat.  It.  34.  W.long.  72. 
'  Rahchbno,  a  Infill  ifland  on  the 
coaft  of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  7.  14.  N. 
It  is  near  the  ifland  of  Qiiibo,  ami  af- 
fords timber  fit  for  mafts. 

Randolph, a  townfhip  ofMaflriichu- 
fetts,  formed  of  the  fbuth  prectn£l  of 
Braintree,  in  Norfolk  co.  in  the  year 
1 793.    It  is  15  miles  fouth  by  eaft  of 

^AMDoLPU,  a  county  of  Hillftjo- 
rouMt  difti'i^,  N.  Carolina,  bounded 
norui-eaft  by  Orange,  and  north-weft 
by  Guildfonl.  It  contains  7,276  inhabi- 
tants, including  4$!  flaves.  Its  court- 
houfe  is  585  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Randolph,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded    north    by  Monongalia,  and, 
ibutbby  Pendleton.    It  contains  9JI 
inhabitants,  including  19  flaves.  Cheat 

ifivsr. 


^'»', 


v.^ 


RAP 

rivcT)  the  eaftcm  branch  of  -MoMngt- 
hela  rtTcr  rifet  here»  on  the  iiorth>weft 
fide  of  the  Alleghany  moontaint. 

RAMDoiirHf  a  townliip  in  Orange 
CO.  Vermont)  the  fourth  town  weft  of 
Thetford  on  ConneAicut  river.  It  con- 
tains  (9*  inhabitanta. 

Random,  a  towndiip  in  Eifinc  co. 
Vermont^  wtk  of  Bruafwick,  granted  in 
17S0. 

Raphabi.  a  fertile  and  heakhjr  can- 
ton, or  diftriA,  the  wefteramoft  in  the 
Spanilh  part  of  the  iflandof  St.Domingo. 
lu  boundary  to  the  north  is  formed  in. 
part  of  the  French  parifh  of  Gonaivet. 
The  air  round  St.  Raphael  i»  very  cool 
and  falubrioua,  but  tiie  town  which  is 
in  a  hulbw,  is  very  hot.  It  has  a  little 
garrifon  which  ferved  as  a  check  on 
the  fmuggling  trade  with  the  French. 
Atalaye,  (that  is  the  centinel  or  difco- 
very)  the  weftemmoft  town  of  all  the 
Spanifli  colony,  is  af  leagues  S.  W.  of 
the  town  of  St.  Raphael,  both  which 
parithes  are  annexed  to  Hinehe.  The 
town  of  St.  Raphael  is  10  leagues  fouth- 
crly  of  Cape  Francois,  and  7*  N.  W. 
of  St.  Domingo  city,  as  the  road  runs. 

Raph  ABL.  Cape  St.  at  the  eaft  end  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  the  fouth- 
caft  limit  of  SamanaBay,  7I  leagues  dif- 
tant  in  that  dire£lion  from  Cape  Samana 
or  Cape  Rczon,  which  laft  is  fituated  in 
lat.  (9.  15.40.  N..  and  long.  71.  3). 
30.  W.  from  Paris.  From  Cape  Ra- 
phael, or  Cape  of  the  Round  Mountain, 
to  Punta  Efpada,  the  fouth-eaft  point 
of  the  ifland,  the  country  is  level  16 
leagues,  by  a  breadth  nearly  equal. 

Raphoc,  a  townfliip  inLancaftcrco. 
Pennfylvania. 

Rapid  ifmr,  a  fmall  river  of  Virgi- 
nia, which  ioiAs  the  Rappahannock, 
about  10  miles  above  Frederick(burg. 

RapIid  River,  a  water  of  Hudlbn's 
Bay. 

Rappahannock,  a  large  navigable 
river  of  Virginia,  which  rifes  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  runs  about  130  miles  from 
north-weft  to  (buth-eaft,  and  enters  into 
Chefapeak  Bay  between  Windmill  and 
Stingray  points.  It  waters  the  towns 
of  Falmouth,  Frederickfburg,  Port  Roy- 
al, Leeds,  Tappahanndck  and  Urbanna. 
It  affords  4  fathoms  water  to  Hobbs's 
Hole,  and  a  from  thence  to  Frederickf- 
burg,  no  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is 
t\  league  from  G win's  Ifland s,  and  6 
porthward  of  New  Poin^  Comfort.  A 


m 

jfingle  liimp  of  gold  ore  has  been  found 
near  the  falls  of  this  fiver,  which  yielded 
17  dwt.  of  gold,  of  extraordinary  du^i- 
lity.  No  other  indication  of  gold  haa 
been  difcovered  in  its  nei^boarhctod* 
Rappo  Ri^t  a  \x^  in  the  ilfamd  of 
Mowee,  one  of  the  Sanawich  Ifluda. 

Rariton  /tfucr,  in  New^Jerficy,  i« 
formed  by  a  coniiderable  ftreams,  caltod 
the  N.  and  S.  branches  {  the  iburce  <^ 
th'e  one  is  in  Morris  co.  tbatof  thefl^Mr 
in  Hnnterdon  co.    It  jiPt  ly  Branf.' 
wick  and  Aroboy,  andf  iifiiii|Wli^>tb 
the  waters  of  the  Arthur  KuHSiJand* 
helps  to  form  the  fine  harbour  of  Am- 
boy.  At  Rariton  HiUs,  through  which 
this  river  paf&tyisarmall  cafcade,whe^e 
the  water  falls  1 5  or  «o  feet,  very  ro- 
mantically between  two  rocks.  Oppo- 
(ite  to  Briinfwick,  the  river  is  fo  flial* 
low,  that  it  is  fordable  at  low  water  for 
horfes  and  carriages }  bat  a  little  below 
it  deepens  fo  faft,  that  a  ao  gun  flrip 
may  ride  fecurely  at  any  time  of  ti^. 
The  tide  rifes  fo  high,  that  large  ihal- 
lops  ufed  to  pafs  a  mile  above  tme  ford  ; 
fothat  it  was  no  uncommon  thing  to  (ee 
veflels  of  eonfiderable  burthen  riding  at 
anchor,  and  a  number  oftarge  river  craft 
Ivlng  above,  fome  dry,  and  others  on 
their  beam-ends  for  wantof  water,  with- 
in gun  fliot  of  each  other.    Copper  ore 
haa  been  found  on  the  upper  part  of 
this  river;  and  in  the  year  1754,  ^he 
ore  of  this  mine  fold  for  ^6s  fterling^per 
ton,  being  of  inferior  quality  to  that  on 
Fafliiik  river. 

Rariton,  a  town  iitt^ated  between 
the  mouth  of  the  north  branch  of  the 
above  river,  and  Boundbrook,  5  miles 
weft-north-weft  ftf  Boundbrook,  and  iz 
noith-weft  of  Binmrwick. 

RATTLE|jliiAKE  IJUukds  lie  at  the 
weftem  end  «(iff4E%ke  Krie- 

Rawoon,  a  town  of  Nova-Scotia, 
40  miles  from  Halifax,  containing 
about  50  or  60  houfes. 

"RtiVfKYtOX'Bridgetonvn,  alively  com- 
mercial  village  of  Middlefex  co.  New- 
Jerfey,  on  Raway  river,  4  or  5  miles 
fomh-weft  of  Elizabeth-Town,  and  75 
from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  Pref- 
byti'rian  church,  and  about  50  or  60 
houfes. 

Ravmond,  a  townfliip  of  New  Ham  r 
fliite^  in  Rockingham  co.  ii  or  14  miles 
weft«-ly  of  Exeter,  and  ja  from  Portf- 
mouth.  It  was  incorix>rated  in  1764, 
and  contains  7a7  inlybitanta. 

Kayuoni»» 


^  RAY 

Raymond,  or  RitftiuiidHnmit  »  fet- 
Itfiicnt  in  Cumberland  co.  DiilriA  of 
Miune*  i4»  milet  N.  N.  E.  of  Bofton, 
Md  contains  34s  inhabitants  A  ftream 
fipom  Spngo  Pond,  after  uofling  through 

Ert  of  Greenland,  Wateitord,  and  Ottif. 
Id,  £bIIs  into  the  Qorth-ea(l<r)y  part  of 
Seba^  lake  in  this  iettkment.  The 
hnd  IS  generally  leveU  except  one  large 
Irill,  named  Rattlethake  Hill,  from  its 
aboiKling  with  thefe  reptiles.  Here  are 
fiinSfwip  nfgnnll  kiid,  but  the  greater 
fUjtM^m.  growth  is  pine  aiul  white- 
«a]^^^  tbe  hind  is  hanl  to  fabdue. 

Raynham,  a  tovmOiip  of  Maflachu* 
ftt%t  in  Briftol  CO.  taken  trom  Taunton, 
and  incorporated  in  1 7  3 1 .  It  contains 
1094  inhabitants.  A  confiderable  part 
of  the  town  lL:s  uuon  a  circular  bend  of 
TlKunton  river,  which  is  between  7  and 
i  roda  wide,  and  affords  great  plenty  of 
herring*  and  other  fiih,  but  fo  unfavour- 
1^1^  ia  it,  in  this  place,  tofeining  or  fifh. 
ing,  that  the  exclufive  privilege  of  fiih- 
ioK  Is  annually  fold  for  (efs  than  twelve 
Ibullngs,  while  the  fame  privilege  in 
Bridgewrater  andMiddleborough,(towns 
which  bound  this}  the  former  on  the 
«ft,  the  latter  on~  the  north)  is  an- 
Bually  fold  for  ^*io»  Brfidca  the  great 
river,  there  are  feveral  ufeful  ftreams, 
upon  which  are  6  law-mills,  3  grift- 
milia,  I  furnace,  a  forge,  and  AilTing- 
mill.  There  are  numerous  ponds  in 
this  townfliip,  of  which  Nippaniquit 
or  Nippahonlct  is  a  miles  long,  and  one 
in  bivadth.  Here  alewives,  in  millions, 
onnually  refort  and  leave  their  fpawns. 
An  excellent  kind  of  iron  oi«,  and  va- 
rious kinds  of  fill)  are  found  here.  Be- 
fides  the  ufual  buftnefs  pf  hulbaiidrv  and 
mechanics,  numbers  M|?faei'e  employed 
in  the  manufaAories  <Hqjfeiron,  hollow 
ware,  nails,  iron  forvjef^^ron  ihovels, 

gt-afli,  ihingles,  &ctTiie  firll  forge 
up  in  America  was  introduced  into 
this  town  by  James  and  Henry  Leo- 
tiiuA,  natives  of  England,  X65X.  This 
force  waa  fituated  on  the  great  roidi 
«nd  is  ftill  in  employ  by  the  family 
of  Leonards  ofthe  6th  generation  ;  a 
family  remarkable  for  loiigevitv,  pro- 
motion  to  public  office,  and  a  kind  of 
hereditary  attachment  to  the  iron  ma- 
nufafture.  King  Philip's  huntine-hotife 
ftood  on  thenonhem  fide  of  ivmifbg 
ftmdi  which  is  t^  miles  from  the  foiq(e. 
In  the  winter  featbn  the  Indian  monarch 
redded  at  Mount  Hope,  probably  for 


R  E  A- 

tht  benefit  of  fifli.  Philip  and  UN 
Leonards  lived  on  fuch  good  terms,  and 
fuci)  waBphilip*a  fricndfliipand  genero* 
fity,  that  as  foon  as  the  war  brwte  out 
in  i<75,  which  ended  in  the  4e«th  of 
the  king  and  the  ruin  of  Ua  tribe,  he 
gave  out  ftrifl  orders  to  all  nis  Imiians, 
never  to  hurt  the  Leonards.  Before 
Philip's  war,  hniMig  Pnid  was  two 
miles  long,  and  }ths  of  a  mile  wide. 
l4ow,  the  water  is  almoft  gone,  and  the 
large  tra£l  it  once  covered,  is  grown  up 
to  a  thick  let  fwamp  of  mlar  and  pine* 
The  foil  of  this  pond  has  alfo  a  prolifie 
vinoe  in  generating  ore.  Copious  beds 
of  ore,  in  this  part  of  the  country,  are 
ufually  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
pine  fwamps,  or  near  to  foils  natural 
to  the  growth  of  pine  or  cedar.  In  this 
place  there  has  been  almoft  an  inex- 
nauftible  fund  of  excellent  ore,  from 
which  the  forge  has  been  fupplied  and 
kept  going  for  more  than  80  years,  be* 
tides  great  quant  1  ies  carried  to  other 
works,  and  yet  liere  is  ore  itill.  Though, 
like  other  things  in  a  ftate  of  youthHit 
is  weak  and  incapaUe  of  being  wrought 
into  iron  of  the  beft  (j^aiity. 

Razoir,  Port,  at  the  S.  W.  extre- 
mity of  the  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  and 
N.E.  of  Cape  Negro. 

RAkOR  IjUuul,  IS  4  leagues  S.  of  the 
mouth  of  Rio  Janeiro  Bay,  or  Santa  Crua 
Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  S.  Ame- 
rica. 

Readpibld,  a  townlhip  in  Lincoln 
CO.  DiftriJl  of  Maine,  S  miles  from  Hal- 
lowell,  which  bounds  it  on  the  £.  and 
the  eaftem  branch  of  AndrofcQggia 
river  feparates  it  from  Sterling  on  the 
W. ,  It  is  N.  of  Winthrop,  and  was 
joined  with  it  in  the  enumeration  of 
1790.   It  is  190  miks  N.  E-.  of  Bofton. 

Reading,  atownlhipofConnefVicut, 
Fairfield  co.  S.  of  Uanliury,  adjoin'ng. 

Reading,  a  large  townfhip  of  Map 
fachulctts,  in  Middlefex  co.  14  miles 
N.  of  Bof^on.  It  was  incorprated  in 
1644.,  and  contains  i,8oz  in)iabitants. 

Reading,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
Windibr  CO.  W.  of  Windfor,  adjoiiiing. 
It  contains  747  inhabitants. 

Reading,  a  pod-tc-'n,  amltlie  capi- 
tal of  Berks  co.  Pennsylvania  ;  fituated 
on  the  N.  E.  fide  of  Schuylkill  'rtver, 
40  miles  S.  W.  of  Bethlehem,  18  £. 
of  Lebanon,  fwhere  the  canal  com- 
mences which  joins  the  waters  of  the 
Swetara  Creek  w(»k  ttiofe  «f  Schuylkill 

river) 


mul. 


R  E  C 

rim)  ami  S4.N.  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
i$  a  mnirifliing  tawn»  regularly  laid  ou^, 
Hid  inhabifed  chiefly  by  Gerniana.  It 
contains  about  600  houfea.  The  public 
buildings  are  a  ftone  gaol,  i  court*lioule, 
an  elqnnt  church  forGerman  Lutherann, 
ereAed  in  17931  a  church  forCalvintftt, 
ope  for  Roman  Catholics,  a  meeting- 
houfe  for  Friends,  and  a  large  edifice 
foe  the  public  oflSces.  Xn  the  vicinity 
of  the  town  is  a  remarkable  Tpring, 
100  feet  fquare,  and  140  feet  deep, 
with  a  ftream  ifluing  from  it  fulEcient 
to  turh  a  mill.  The  water  is  clear 
and  tranfparant,  and  affords  abundance 
of  fifh.  In  the  neighbourhood  are  10 
fulling-mills  and  feveral  iron-works.  In 
the  whole  county  of  Berks  are  5  fur- 
naces, and  as  many  forges.  In  Novem- 
ber 1795,  ^i»,ooo  was  voted  by  the 
county  for  building  a  ftone  arched 
bridge  over  the  Schuylkill  at  this  town, 
on  the  high  road  to  Harrifburg,  53  miles 
diftant  to  the  weft  by  fouth. 

Reading,  a  townfhip  in  York  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Rbadinotown,  or  Riddtntown,  in 
Hunterdon  CO.  New- Jerley,  17  miles  N. 
W.  by  W.  of  New-Brunfwick,  and 
about  II  eaftward  of  Lebanon. 

Read>  Baj,  a  road  for  (hips  in  the 
ifland  of  Barbadoes,  about  half-way  be. 
tween  Hole-Towii  and  Speight's -Town. 
It  is  about  half  a  mile  over,  but  more  in 
depth.  Ships  may  anchor  here  in  fafety, 
in  from  6  to  is  fathoms  water,  the 
ground  foft  ooze,  and  defended  from  all 
winds,  except  the  W.  which  blows  right 
into  the  bay.    N.  lat.  13.  7.  W.  long. 

59*  47. 

RsALEGO,  a  town  in  the  province  oF 
Nicaragua,  New-Spain ;  fituated  on  a 
plain,  on  the  eaftem  bank  of  a  river  of 
Its  name,  near  its  mouth,  30  miles  N. 
W.  of  Leon,  to  which  it  ferves  as  a  har- 
bour. It  has  3  cburches,  and  an  hof- 
pital,  furrounded  by  a  very  fine  gai-den  { 
but  the  place  is  Hckly,  by  reafon  of  the 
neighbouring  fwamps.  Its  chief  trade 
is  in  pitch,  tar,  and  cordage.  N.  lat. 
IS.  17.  W.  long.  87.  36. 

Rbceif,  a  harbour  on  the  coaftof 
Brazil,  and  is  the  (Irongeft  place  on  all 
thatcoaft.  S.lat.  8.10. W.  long.  35.35. 
^  Recovery,  Ftrt^  in  the  N.  W.Ter- 
ritory,  is  fituated  on  a  branch  of  the 
Wahafh  rivtr,  about  a  3  miles  from 
Qreenville,  and  98  N.  byW.  of  Cincin. 
mti.    It  cenAftt  of  two  block-bioufcs 


H  E  &  46$ 

and  barrackt  with  cortaini,  and  ecu*, 
tains  00  men. 

Red,  a  rirer  of  the  State  of  Tcnnef- 
fee,  a  water  of  Cumberland  river*  with 
which  it  mingles  its  waters  at  the  north 
bend,  about  •  nilei|  N.  W.  of  Chffkf- 
ville.  It  is  beatable  a  coofidcrable  diT- 
taince. 

Rid,  a  prinjclpal  branch  of  Ken* 
tucky  river,  which  head<  and  intcrlocka 
with  a  main  branch  of  Liclui^  dyer» 
and  flows,  in  a  S.  W.  courfc,  in'v  fCen- 
tucky  river,  about  9  mikt  above  BoonC> 
borough.  •  It  is  60  yard*  wide  at  tht 
mouth. 

Red,  a  weftem  branch  of  Miflifippi 
river,  in  lat.  31.  N«  Here,  it  is  faid, 
Ferdinando  de  Soto  died,  at  a  place 
called  Guacoyi,  May  ai,  ijis*  See 
Rouge  River. 

Rev  Bank,  on  the  S.  E.  Cde  of  Dala- 
ware  river,  in  the  town  of  Woodbunr, 
in  Gloucelter  co.  New-Jerfcy.  The  b- 
tuation  is  elevated,  and  the  fort  built  here 
(luring  the  war,  ftood  1,900  yards  from 
Fort  ifland,  and  about  7  miles  Ibuth  of 
Philadelphia.  It  coft  the  Britifli  400 
men,  killed  and  wounded,  before  they 
could  reduce  the  garrifbn,  in  1777. 

Red  F:ikp  in  Dutchefs  co.  New* 
York,  where  a  poft-office  is  kept,  is  on 
the  eaft  bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  ai  milea 
S .  of  Hudlbn,  and  1 1 6  N.  of  New-York. 

REDONDO,arock  between  Montferrat 
and  Nevis,  Caribbee  Iflands.  It  is  about 
a  league  in  circuit,  of  a  round  form, 
where  is  neither  culture  nor  inhabitants. 
N.  lat.  17.  6.  W.  long.  61.  35. 

Reedsborovgh,  or  Read/borough^ 
the  fouth-eaftemmoft  townOiip  of  Ben- 
nington CO.  Vermont.  It  contains  64 
inhabitants. 

Reedy  IJtand,  in  Delaware  river,  50 
miles  below  Philadelphia.  It  is  ao  milea 
from  Bombay  Hook,  and  is  the  rendez* 
vous  of  outward-bound  fhips  in  autumn 
and  fpring,  waiting  for  a  favourable 
winrl.  Tne  courfe  from  this  to  the'fea 
is  8.  S.  E.  in  that  a  N.  W.  wind,  which 
is  the  prevailing  wind  in  thefe  feafons, 
is  fair  for  veflels  to  put  out  to  Tea.  There 
is  a  fecure  harbour  here,  at  Port  Penn, 
where  piers  have  been  erefted  by  the 
State  of  Pennfylvania.  The  iflaud  ia 
about  3  miles  long,  and  not  more  than 
one-fourth  uf  a  mile  wide.  It  was  for- 
merly banked  in,  but  is  now  under  culti- 
vation, and  is  overflowed  in  high  tides. 
There  i$  a  chanpcl  oil  each  mt  of  the 

G  %  iflaodn 


466 


It  E  N 


KH6 


iflaitd  {  but  vriTels,  efpfciall3r  large  one«>  |  bour  to  fifli  in  {  and  U  much  firtquntkdl 


dioofe  to  keep  the  ealUnj  fide.  ~  | 

Reblpoo r,  a  imnll  navigable  river 
of  ihe  state  of  Tcnrv  ff;e,  which  empties 
into  the  river  Miflifi^pi,  about  35  miles 
(bath  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  30  yards  wide 
1  miles  firom  its  mouth.  One  of  its 
branches  riles  on  the  borders  of  Ken- 
tucky. 

RebmITOWN,  or  J(MM/7«w/r,  a  rmall 
town  of  Lancafter  co.  Pennfylvania ; 
iituated  on  a  ftream  which  empties  into 
OtHco  Creek,  a  water  of  Coneftoga, 
which  falls  into  the  Sufouehannah.  It 
contains  about  40  houKs,'and  is  t6 
miles  N.  E.  of  Lancafter>.  and  61  N.  W. 
by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Regtolrts,  the  ilamfeof  thepaflage 
from  th«  northern  part  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  into  lake  rontchartrain,  which 
has  communication,  through  Maurepas 
Lake  and  the  Out  of  Ibberville,  with 
Mifli^pi  river  f  or  the  general  name  of 
the  ifles  iit  the  inner  part  of  the  channel 
into  that  hike.  The  diffance  from  Lake 
Fontchartraitf  throtfgh  the  Rcgolets  is 
so  mile»,  and  between  3  and  400  yards 
Kroad,  and  lifted  wTch  marflies  on  each 
fide.  On  the  S.  fide  of  the  Regolets, 
and  near  to  the  entrance  from  the  gulf, 
(here  is  a  large  paflkge  into  the  Lake 
Borgne,  «r  Blind  Lake  {  and  by  feme 
creeks  that  fall  into  it,  fmull  craft  may 
so  as  far  as  the  plantations  on  the 
jUiflifippi,  and  there  is  a  paflage  between 
the  Lake*  Borgne  ami  Pontchartrain ; 
but  either  by  thi?,  or  that  of  the  Rego- 
kts,  6  and  fometimes  7  feet  is  the  deeped 
water  through.  Near  the  entrance  at 
the  eaft  end  of  the  Regolets,  and  on  the 
north  fide,  are  principal  mouths  of  Pearl 
riVer.  From  the  Rpgolets  to  the  Bay 
of  St.  Louis  is  18  miles. 

REHdBOTH,atownfl)ipofMaflUchn- 
fetttt,  in  Briilol  co.  on  a  branch  of  Pio- 
ttdence  river,  a  few  miles  from  Provi- 
<(ence,  in  Rhpde-Ifland,  and  44  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Bolton.  It  was  called  Sa- 
eoHtt  by  the  Indians ;  was  incorporated 
in  1^45,  and  contains  4,710.  inha 
bitani-s. 

Rristbrstown,-  in  Baltimore  co. 
Maryi.in<l,  10  miles  ibuth-eall  of  Weft- 
minrter,and  neirly  16  north-wefterly  of 
Baltimore. 

Renowe*s  Harbour,  on  the  eaft  conft 

of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  is  about  21 

miles  from  Cape  Race.     Its  entrance  is 

'  rathtr  dangergus,  but  it  is  a  good  har- 


by  boats  and  (hallops,  in  the  fidiing. 
feafon.  H^lf  a  league  firom  the  8.  poinc 
is  a  high  rock,  called  Renowe**  Point  | 
which  may  be  feen,  ix  a  clear  ^y,  3 
leaeues  off. 

RBNSSBLABR,  a  oounty  of  the  State 
of  New- York,  bounded  north  by  Wafk. 
ington  CO.  foath  by  Columbia^  eafV  by 
p^rt  of  the  States  of  Maffachufetts  and 
Vermont,  and  wefl  by  Hudfon^t  river. 
It  contains  eight  townfhips,  viz.  Troy, 
Greenbufh,  Schodack,  Stephentewn» 
Peterlburfir,  Hoficky  Pittftown,  and 
Schaf(eCoke#  In  1796,  there  were 
3,500  of  the  inhabitants'  qualified  e- 
le£tora.  ' 

RBNSfEiABKviU.e#  Of  Xttififaer- 
tvick,  a  townfhip  of  Albany  co.  New» 
York,  bounded  foutherly  by  Columbia 
CO.  and  welterly  by  Hud  fen's  river.  In 
1790,  it  contained  t,??!  inhabitants^ 
in  1796,  it  had  548  inhabitants  who 
were  eleflors.  In  this  town,  nearly  op. 
pofite  to  the  city  of  Albany,  is  a  medi* 
cinal  fpring,  which  combines-  nioft  tt 
the  valuable  properties  of  the  celebrated 
waters  of  Saratc^ 

R  EsO^Ltr  Tio  N  Bay,  or  MaJrt  de  Dios^ 
is  under  the  h.igheft  land  on  the  W.  fide 
of  St.  Chriftina,  one  of  the  Marquefas 
Illands.  S.  lat.  9.  ^1.  W.  Ions.  1 39.  ^ 
Resolution,  C<a^;,  near  the  eaftem 
entrance  of  Hudfon  s  Strait*.  N.  lat* 
61. 19.  W.  bng.  65.  16. 

Resolution  IJlaiut,  at  the  eaft  end 
of  liudlbn's  Straits.  N.  lat.  6a.  W. 
loiig.  65. 

RESo&VTioNJ/IaiK/,  a  fmalliflandr 
one  of  the  Soc'rety  Ifles  ;  fo  called  from 
the  Ihip  Resolution.  S.  lat.  17.  24. W. 
long.  141.  15. 

Revel's,  afmall  ifland  inthe  Atlan^ 
tic  Ocean,  clofe  to  the  eaft  coalt  of 
Northampton  co.  Virginia. 

Rey,  Cape,  ov  Point,  on  the  N.  coaft 
of  S.  America,  is  40  leagues  W.  by.N. 
of  Cape  Three  Points,  and  is  N.  by  £. 
of  Bocca  del  Drago. 

KeYES,  Angra  </»,  oii  the  S.  E. 
coa^tof  Brtizil,  in  S.  America^  lies  weft> 
ward  ot  Rio  Janeiro,  and  53  leagues 
Weft  of  Cape  Frio.  It  affords  good 
anchorage. 
Rhinebeck.  Stt  Rbvtibeci. 
RHODE  ISLAND  is  one  of  th« 
fmultell  ot  the  United  States  j  its  greateft 
length  being  47  miles,  and  its  greateft 
breadth  37  i   m*  about  I1300  fquare 

aula*. 


luemkdl 
fifliing. 
i.  point 
Point  I 


RHO 

H^lct.    It  U  boiimled  N.  and  E.  by  the 
cohimonweiilth  of  Maflkchuletts )  S.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  W.  by  Connec- 
ticut.    Thefe  limits  comprehend  what 
ia  called  Rhode- J/Umd  and  Prwidence 
PUtHtations  i  divided  into    5   counties, 
via.  Newport,  Providence,  Wafliington, 
JBriftol,  and  Kent,  vrhich  are  fubdivided 
into  30  townfliips,  containing  68,^x5 
inhabitants,   of  whom  94.8  are  flaves. 
Narraganfet  Bay  make*  up  frdm  S»  to 
N.  between  the  main  land  on  the  £. 
and  W.   and   emhofoms   many  fertile 
iflands,    the    principal    of  Which  are 
Rhode- Ifland,  Canonnicut,  Prudence, 
Patience,    Hope,    Dyer*s,    and    Hug 
Iflands.     Bloclc-Ifland  is  the  fouthern* 
moft  land  belonging  to  the  State.     The 
harbours    are    Newport,    Providence, 
Wickford,  Patuxet,  Warren,  and  Brif. 
tol.      Khode-Ifland,   from   which   the 
State  takes  half  its  name,  lies  between 
lat.  41.  a8.  and  4.1.  4s.  N.  and  iwtween 
long.  71.   17.  and  71.  27.  W.  from 
Greenwich }  being  about  1 5  miles  long 
fronn  N.  E  to  S.W.  and  about  3^  broad, 
on  an  average.  It  is  divided  into  3  town- 
fliips, Newport,  Porrfmouth,  and  Mid- 
dletown.  Perhaps  no  ifland  in  the  world 
exceeds  thjs  in  point  of  foil,  climate,  and 
(ituation.  In  its  moft  flourishing  ftate  it 
was  called  by  travellers,  the  Eden  of  A- 
merica.     But  the  change  which  the  ra- 
vages of  war,  and  a  dccreafe  of  bulinefs 
have  eife6^ed,  is  great.    Between  30,000 
&nd  40,000  iheep  are  fed  on  this  ifland, 
beiides  neat  cattle  and  horfes.      The 
State  is  interft^led  in  all  dire^ions  by 
rivers ;   the  chief  of  which  are  Provi- 
dence ami  Taunton  rivers,  which  fall 
into  Nafraganlet  Bay;  the  former  on 
the  weft,  the  latter  on  the  eaft  (ide  of 
iRhode-Ifland.   Rhode-Ifland  is  as  heal- 
thy a  country  as  any  in  America.    The 
winters,   in  the  maritime  parts  of  the 
iState  ai  e  milder  than  in  the  inland  coun- 
try ;  the  ail'  being  Ibftened  by  a  fea-va- 
ftour,  which  alfo  enriches  the  foil.    The  . 
ummers  are  delightful,    efpecially  on 
Rhode-Illand,  where  the  extreme  heats 
which  prevail  in  other  parts  of  America, 
are  allayed  by  cool  and  refrediing  breezes 
from   the  lea.     The  rivers   aiul  bays 
fwarm  with  fi(h,  to  the  amount  of  more 
than  70  different  kinds ;   the  markets 
are  alive  with  them.     Oyfters,  lobders, 
and  other  flieil-iini,  abound  in  Narra- 
ganfet Bay.     Travellers   are  generally 
agreedf  that  Newport  is  the  Sell  fiih- 


&H0 


'fi7 


market  in  the  world.  ThU  Stste  pro* 
duces  torn,  rve,  barley,  cats,  a^d  in 
Toms  parts  wheat,  fufficient  for  home 
confumption )  and  the  Various  kinds  of 
grafles,  fruits,  and  culiinry  roots  and 
plants  in  great  abundance,  and  in  per* 
fe£lion  \  cyder  ic  made  for  exportation* 
The  north- weftem  parta  of  the  Stat* 
are  but  thinly  inhabited,  and  are  mors 
rocky  and  barreh  than  the  other  partr* 
The  trail  of  land  lying  between  North 
and  South  tCingftown  oh  the  eaft,  and 
Connecticut  on  the  weft,  call^  Slidii- 
noek  country)  or  Purchaft%  is  excellenfc 
grazing  land,  artd  ii  mhabitcd  by  a 
number  of  wealthy  farmers,  who  raiie 
ibme  of  the  firteft  neat  tattle  in  New- 
England,  weighing  from  1,600  to  1,809 
weight.  They  keep  large  dairies,  and 
make  butter  and  cheefedt  the  beft  quali- 
ty, and  in  large  quanties  fojr  exportation* 
Iron  ore  is  round  in  great  pleAty  in  fe- 
veral  parts  of  the  State>  The  iron- works 
on  Patuxet  river,  11  miles  from  Provi« 
dence,  are  fuppUed  with  ore  from  a  bed 
4I  miles  diftant,  which  lies  in  a  valley* 
through  which  runs  a  bfook.  Tnc 
brook  is  turned  into  a  new  channel,  aftd 
the  ore- pits  are  cleared  of  water  by  A 
Ream  engine.  At  this  ore-bed  are  * 
variety  of  ores,  curious  ftoAes,  and 
ochresi  In  the  townlh'p  of  Cumber- 
land is  a  copper  niine  mixed  with  iroii, 
ftrongly  impregnated  with  load-ftone,  of 
which  fome  large  pieces  have  been  found 
in  the  neighbourhood.  No  method  ha« 
yet  been  difcovered  to  work  it  to  advan- 
tage. Abundance  of  lime-ftone  is  found 
in  this  State,  particularly  in  the  county 
of  Providence  |  of  which  large  quanti- 
ties of  lime  aire  made  and  exported. 
This  lime-  ftone  is  of  different  colours, 
and  is  the  true  marble  of  the  white,  plain, 
and  variegated  kind.  It  takes  as  fine 
a  polifli  as  any  ftone  in  America.  Thert 
are  ieveral  mineral  fprings  in  this  State; 
to  one  of  which,  near  Providence,  many 
people  re/brt  to  bathe,  and  drink  th« 
water.  Newport  and  Providence  ar« 
the  chief  towns  of  this  State.  The 
flave-tradc,  vvhich  was  a  fourcc  of  wealth 
to  many  of  tlie  people  of  Newport,  and 
in  other  parts  of  the  State,  has  happily 
been  aholiihed.  The  town  of  Briftol 
carries  on  a  Confiderable  trade  to  Afri- 
ca, the  Weft- Indies,  and  to  different 
parts  of  the  United  States.  But  hy  far 
the  greatelt  part  of  the  commerce  of 
Rhode- Ifland,  is  at  prelentcaniedonby 
Og  »  |»» 


4)6r 


RHO 


the  inlMbitaittt  of  the  tourilhing  town 
of  Frovidencei  which  had|  in  1791*  1*9 
fiiilof  veflfeli,  conuining  iii9^»  toni. 
The  exporti  from  the  State  are  llax- 
ktd,  lumber,  horftt,  c«ttle»  beet,  pork, 
Ml,  poultry,  onions,  butter,  cheeie,  b«r- 
ltv,gnfai,  ^iritt,  cotton  and  linen  goods, 
liie  imtkMts  coofift  of  European  and 
1¥.  India  goods,  and  logwood  from  the 
Bay  of  Honduras.  Upwafdsof6oo  vef- 
fels  enter  and  clear  aiuiuallyat  the  dif. 
fcrent  ports  in  the  State.  The  amount 
of  exports  from  this  State  to  foreign 
countries,  for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30, 
1791,  was  470,131  doils.  9  cents  {  in 
>  79a,  698,0841  in  1793,616,4161  and 
in  1 794, 9^4, 57 3  dollars.  The  inhabi. 
tants  of  this  State  are  progrefltng  rapidly 
in  nianufailur(;s.  A  cotton  manufac- 
tory has  been  erefted  at  Providence. 
Jeans,  fuftiant,  denims,  thick fets,  vel- 
vets. See.  Sec.  are  here  manufaAured  and 
fen't  tothefouthem  States.  Large  quan- 
'  iitlti  of  linen  a|K!  tow  cloth  are  made  in 
different  parts  of  this  State  for  exporta- 
tion. But  the  moft  couriderable  manu. 
fa£l;  I'cs  In  thU  State  are  thofe  of  iron  ; 
fuch  as  bar  and  Iheet  iron,  Reel,  nail- 
rods,aud  nails,  i'^plementsof  hutbandry, 
ftoves,  pots,  ant  I  other  houfehold  uten- 
fils,  the  iron-woiic  of  fliiuping,  an- 
chors, bells,  Sec.  The  conftitulion  of 
this  State  is  founded  on  the  charter 

frranted  by  Charles  1 1,  in  1663 }  and  the 
rame  of  government  was  not  eflentially 
altered  by  (he  revolution.  The  legifla- 
ture  of  the  State  confitts  of  .wo  branches } 
a  fenate  or  upper  houie,  compofcd  of 
ten  memben,  bcfides  the  governor  and 
deputy-governor,  called  in  the  charter, 
mffijiants\  and  a  houlcof  reprefentatives, 
compofed  of  deputies  from  the  feveral 
towns.  The  members  of  the  legifla- 
ture  are  chofen  twice  a  year  j  and  there 
are  two  fcflions  of  this  body  annually, 
via.  on  the  Arli  Wednefday  in  May,  and 
the  laft  WedBffday  in  0«obtr.  This 
State  was  firlt  I'ettled  from  M  tflachufetts. 
Mr.  Roger  Williams,  a  miniller,  who 
came  ovtr  to  New-EnglaiKl  in  1631. 
was  cliar£f«*d  with  holding  a  variety  of 
errors,  and  was  on  that  account  forced 
to  leave  his  houfe,  land,  wife,  and 
children,  at  Sulcm,  in  the  dead  of  win- 
ter, and  to  feik  a  rcfidence  without 
the  limits  of  Mailachufetts.  Governor 
Wahthrop  advifed  him  to  purfue  his 
courie  to  Nehiganfet,  or  Narraganlet 
Biy,  which  he  did,  and  fixqd  himfelf 


RHT 

at  SeetinkorSeekhonk,  now  Rehohofh* 
Biit  that  place  being  within  the  bounds 
of  Plymouth  colony.  Gov.  Winflow,  in 
a  friendly  manner,  advifed  him  to  re- 
move to  the  other  fide  of  thil  river, 
where  the  lands  were  not  covered  by  any 
patent.  Accordingly,  in  1636,  Mr. 
Williams  and  four  others  crofled  Seek* 
honk  river,  and  landed  among  the  In- 
dians, by  whom  they  were  hofpitably 
received,  and  thus  laid  the  foundation 
of  a  town,  which,  from  a  fenfe  of  Ood'a 
merciful  providence  to  him,  he  called 
Providenci,  Here  he  was  foon  af^er 
joined  by  a  number  of  others,  and,  though 
they  were  fecured  from  the  Indians  by 
the  terror  of  the  Engltflt,  yet  they,  for 
a  confiderabie  time,  I'uifitred  much  from 
fatigue  and  want }  but  they  enjoyed  li- 
berty of  confcience,  which  has  ever  (inct 
been  inviolably  maintained  in  this  State. 
So  little  has  the  civil  authority  to  do 
with  religion  here,  that  no  contraft  be- 
tween a  miniller  and  a  fociety  (unleiii 
incorporated  for  that  purpofe)  is  of  any 
force.  It  is  probably  for  thefe  reafonb, 
that  1  many  different  feAs  have  ever 
been  found  here )  and  that  the  Sabbath 
and  all  religious  inftitutions,  have  been 
more  necleaed  in  this,  than  in  any  other 
of  the  New-England  ftates. 

Rhode-Island  Light  Hwfi  was 
creded  in  1749,  in  Beaver  Tail,  at  th^ 
(buth  end  of  Canonnicut  Ifland,  for  the 
fafiety  and  convenience  of  vefTels  failing 
into  the  Narraganfet  Bay  and  harbouc 
of  Newport.  The  ground  the  light- 
houfe  (lands  upon  is  about  is  ittt  aliova 
the  furface  .of  the  fea  at  high  water. 
From  the  ground  to  the  top  ot  the  cor- 
nice is  58  feet,  round  which  is  a  gallery, 
and  within  that  (lands  the  lantern,  which 
is  about  1 1  feet  high,  and  S  feet  diameter. 
High  water  at  full  and  change,  37  mi- 
nutes after  7  o'clock.  N.  lat.  41. 18. 
W.  long.  71.  24. 

Rhode  Rivera  the  weftemmoft  wa» 
ter  of  the  N.  W.  branch  of  Cape  Fear 
river,  in  N.  Carolina. 

Rhonde.     See  Ronde. 

Rhynbkck,  or  Rhinebtck,  a  poif- 
town  of  N.  York,  fituated  in  Dutchefs 
CO.  on  the  R.  fide  of  Hudfon's  river, 
oppoiire  to  Kingfton  {  18  miles  north  of 
Poughkeepfie  5103  noith  of  New- York, 
and  198  N.  by  £.  of  Philadelphia. 
The  townlhip  contains  3,662  inhabi- 
tants, of  whom  54%  are  elcAors,  and 
4«>  fllKVth    Hit  if  tievadtd  fontherly  hjf 


R  I  C 

OUaton»  md  northerly  by  Bcekman.  A 
very  curious  cavern  hu  occn  lately  dif- 
qvurcd  at  a  place  in  this  town,  called 
bv  the  Indiani,  Sepal'cot.    8«c  Dutcbefi 

RiALiXAf  or  RUUttUt  «  toivn  of 
New  Spain,  fituated  on  a  rmall  rlrer  in 
Nicaragua,  s  mi  let  from  the  fea,  wli^re 
is  a  guod  harbour.  It  is  unwholefome 
by  renibn  of  niai-nies  in  the  vicinity.  It 
is  60  miles  W.  of  Leon,  and  the  Lake 
Nicaragua.  N.  lat.  la  aj.  W.  long. 
89.  10. 

Rich,  Capft  on  the  W.  fide  of  the 
jfland  of  Newfoundland,  toward*  the  N. 
end,  and  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  guU  vf 
St..  Lawrence,  huving  the  ifle  of  St- 
John  and  other  fmall  lAes  to  the  north. 
This  cape  or  point  uiird  to  be  omitted 
in  the  French  maps,  feemingly  becaule 
it  was  the  bounds  of  their  privilege  of 
'filhing,  whicli  extended  from  hence 
northward^  and  round  to  Cape  Bona- 
vifta. 

Richardson's  Bay,  on  the  8.  E. 
part  of  the  idand  of  Jamaica.  The  an- 
chorage within  it  is  between  Morant 
river  and  Two  Mile  Wood. 

Richfield,  a  townfhipof  N.  Y(vk, 
fituatfd  in  Oil'ego  co.  taken  .from  Otfe- 
go  townfh)?,  and  incorporated,  in  179*4 
«S9  of  it«  mhabitants  are  electors,. 

RiCHFORD,  the  north-eaftemmoft 
townfliip  of  Franklin  CO.  Vermont  {  on 
Miflili:oni  river. 

Richland,  a  county  ef  S.  Carolina, 
Camden  di(lri£l ;  bounded  S^  and  S.  W. 
by  Congaree  and  Broad  rivers,  and  eaft 
by  Wateree  river,  which  divides  it  from 
Keijhaw  and  Clermont  counties.  It 
contains  3,9)0  inhabitants ;  of  whom 
ft,4.79  are  white,  and  s,437  llayes^ 

Richland,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfyl- 
tania,  in  Buck's  co. 

RiCHLiBU,  the  French  name  given 
formerly  to  the  outlet  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain.    See  ScreL 

RiCHUBU  ijlands,  a  duller  of  fmall 
iflands  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  about 
IX  leagues  above  the  town  of  Trois  Ri- 
vieres, at  the  boundary  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Montreal.  There  are  nearly 
100  of  them.  N^  l^t^  4$.sa.  W.  Jong. 
71.  7. 

RiCHLiEUf  the  name  of  an  ancient 
fmall  fortification  built  by  the  French, 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  river  Sorel,  at 
its  junAion  with  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
«ppofite  the  iflands  qi  RisbUeu. 


RIC  4^ 

]liCllMAli*s  {^m/,  on  th«  coall  «# 
Cumberland  county,  DiftriA  of  Maliie« 
about  northerly  four  leagtiea  irom 
Wood  Ifland,  and  a  league  weft  ef  Pert- 
land.  Few  vc(l«ls  put  in  here,  except 
coafters.  There  is  a  funkcn  icdfw  8« 
£.  half  a  mile  from  the  north-eaft  end  , 
of  the  ifland,  which  only  ftiews  itfcif 
when  the  wind  blows  freflii  but  you 
need  not  go  fo  near  the  ifland.  Wood 
Ifland  is  in  lat.  43.  50.  N.  and  long* 
69.  S7.  W. 

Richmond,  a  townfliip  ontbtwtft 
line  ef  the  Sute  of  Maflaehufetts,  in 
Berkfliire  co.  17  miles  W.  by  8.  of 
Lenox,  and  150  miles  weft  of  Bofton* 
Iron 'ore  of  the  firft  quality  s  found  heri* 
but  as  it  lies  deep  it  is  raifed  at  a  great 
txpenfe.  Ore  ot  indiflivrent  quality  ia 
found  in  many  plaices.  It  abounds  with 
lime-ftone,  roarfCf  white,  and  clouded 
marble.  The  town  was  incorporated 
in  i775»  and  contains  an  iron-wtfrk,  f 
grift-mills,  a  fulling-mill,  %  faw«millt# 
and  i»55  inhabitants. 

RiCHjMOND,  a  townfliip  of  Chcfliira 
CO.  New-Hampfliirc  I  fituated  on  the 
MaifiKhuietts  Ime,  about  11  miles  eaik 
of  Connecticut  river,  and  97  W.  by  8» 
of  Portfmouth,.  It  was  incorporated) 
in  175*,  and  contains  1380  inhabitants. 

Richmond,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliing* 
ton  CO.  Rhode-IAand,  feparattd  firom 
Hopkinton  on  the  weft  by  Ward's  river 
a  brtmch  of  Paucatuck  river.  It  ia 
about  19  miks  weft  of  Newport,  uid 
contains  1760  inhabitants. 

Richmond,  acounty  of  New-York« 
comprehending  all  Staten*  Ifland, 8hoot« 
ers-Ifland,  and  the  Iflands  of  Meadow^ 
on  the  weft  fide  thereof.  It  is  divided 
into  the  townfliips  of  Caftletown,  North- 
field,  Soutlifield,  and  Weftfleld.  It 
contains  3,835  inhabitants!  of  whom 
4.88  are  eleAors,  and  759  ilaves.  Sin 
Staten- Ifland. 

Richmond,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina, 
fituated  in  Fayette  diftriA,  bounded 
fouth,  by  the  State  of  S.  Carolina,  and 
north,  by  Moore  co.  It  contains  5055 
inhabitants,  including  583  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Rockingham.  The  court- houfe, 
at  which  a  poft-ofiice  is  kept,  is  10  milea 
from  Anfon  court-houfe,  56  from  F^y^ 
ettevilie,  and  563  from  Philadelphia.    \ 

Richmond,  a  county  of  Virgim'a^ 
bounded  N.  and  N.  E.  by  Weftmore» 
land,  and  S.  and  S.  W.  by  Rappahan- 
nock river,  wliich  feparatqi  it  n-om  Ef- 


47*^  R  I  C 

ftx  CO.  It  contains  6,98$  Inhabitant!, 
cf  whom  3»9S4  are  flaVM.  The  court- 
houfiri  wbm  a  pott-office  ii  kept,  i»  a;  3 
mile*  from  Philadelphia. 

Richmond,  the  prefcnt  feat  ofgo- 
Ttmmcnt  of  the  State  ot  Virginia,  ii  fi- 
ttiated  in  Henrico  co.  on  the  north  fide 
of  Jamca'a  river,  juft  at  the  toot  of  the 
falii,  and  contains  between  400  and  500 
koufett  and  nearly  4,000  inhabitants. 
Ihat  of  the  lioufei  are  built  on  the  mar- 

S'n  of  the  river,  convenient  for  bufinefs , 
e  reft  are  upon  a  hill  which  overlooks 
the  lower  part  of  the  town,  and  com- 
mandii  an  rxtenfive  profpeA  of  the  ri- 
ver and  adjacent  country.    The  i.ew 
liouAs  are  well  built.    A  large  ftate- 
houie,  or-capitol,  has  lately  been  ere£t- 
•d  on    the  hill.     This  citv  likewile 
boafts  of  an  elegant  ftatue  of^^  the  illul- 
triuus  Wafiiington,  which  was  formed 
At  Paris.    The  lower  part  of  the  town 
Is  divided  by  a  creek,  over  which  is  a 
convenient  bridge.    A  bridge  between 
300  and  400  yariit  in  length,  has  been 
^rown  acrols  James's  river,  at  the  foot 
of  the  fall,^  by  Col.  Mayo.    That  part 
lirom  Manchefter  to  the  ifland  is  built 
«n  1 5  boats.     From  the  ifland  to  the 
rocks  was  formerly  a  floating  bridee  of 
rafts  {    but  the  cnteriwifing  proprietor 
has  now  built  it  of  framed  log  piers, 
filled  with  ftones.     From  the  rocks  to 
the  landing  at  Richmond,  the  bridge  is 
continued  on  framed  piers  fiJled  with 
ftones.    The  bridge  conneAs  the  city 
with  Mancliefter  j  and  as  the  paiTengers 
pay  toll,  it  produces  a  h^ndlbme  revenue 
to  Col.  Mayo,  who  is  the  fole  propri- 
etor.     The  public  buildings,   befides 
the  ilatC'houle,  are  anEpifcopal  church, 
a  court-houfe,  gaol,  a  theatre,  and  3 
tobacco  waie-houfes.     The  falls  above 
the  bridge  swe  7  miles  in  length.    A 
noble  oanal  is  cutting,  and  nearly  com- 
pleted en  the  north  fide  of  the  river, 
whicii   is  to  terminate  in  a  bafon  of 
about  two  acres,  in  the  town  of  Rich- 
mond.    From  this  bafon  to  the  whai'ves 
in  the  river,  will  be  a  land  carriage  of 
about  a  mile.     The  expence  is  eftimat. 
cd  at  j^3o,ooo  Virginia  currency.    The 
opening  of  this  canal  promifes  the  addi- 
tion of    much  wealth    to  Richmond. 
Veflels  of  burden  lie  at  City  Point,  10 
miles  below,  to  which  the  goods  from 
Kichmond  are  lent  down  in  boats.     It 
is  tia6  miles  from  Boflon,  374  from  N. 
Yprkf  176  from  Baltimore,  27  8  from 


Philadetphii,  a47  firom  Fayettevine,49f 
from  CharleHon,  and  66t  tix>m  Savan- 
nah. N.  lat.  37.  40.  W.  long.  77.  50. 
Richmond,  a  county  of  um  Upper 
diftri£t  of  Georgia,  in  which  is  fif  witcd 
the  city  of  AuguAa.  It  is  fepiiratcd 
from  8.  Carolina  on  the  E.  by  Savan- 
nah river,  and  contains  11,317  inhabi- 
tants, of  whom  4,1  k6  areflaves. 

Richmond,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Vincent's,  in  the  Wcftolndies.  It 
is  featcd  at  the  head  of  a  deep  bay,  on 
the  wrilern  fide  of  the  ifland.  Cha- 
teaubtlair  river  runs  on  the  fouth  fidt 
of  the  town,  which  gives  name  to  the 
bay.  Another  river  empties  into  the 
bay  on  the  north  fide  of  the  town. 

kioOBFiELD,  a  poft-town  of  Con- 
nefticut,  in  Fairfield  co.  10  miles  ibuth- 
weftwaid  of  Danbury,  78  foiith-weft  of 
Hartford,  51  north-eaft  of  Kingfl>ridge, 
in  the  StP.te  of  New-Vork,  and  161 
north-eaft  of  Philadelphia.  The  town- 
fliip  of  Ridgefield  was  cnllcd  by  the  In- 
dians Caudolotva,  or  high  land.  It  well 
anlwers  the  name,  for  though  it  is  14 
miles  from  the  Sound,  it  af^rds  a  good 
prolpcA  of  it,  and  of  Long  Ifland.  Of 
the  latter,  40  miles  in  length  is  vifible, 
and  veflels  may  be  fecn  as  they  pafs  up 
the  Sound.     It  was  liettled  in  1709. 

KiDLSY,  a  townfliip  in  Delaware  ro. 
Pennfylvania. 

RiGO  ///««</,  near  the  north-weft  part 
of  the  illand  of  Porto  Rico,  in  the 
W^efl- Indies,  behind  which  is  the  prin- 
cipal harbour  of  the  main  ifland. 

Rim  AC,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  pafles 
through  the  city  of  Lima,  and  falls  into 
the  iea  6  miles  below  that  city. 

RiNDGF,  or  Ringe,  a  town  in  the 
county  of  Chefliire,  New-Hampfliire, 
It  lies  upon  the  Maflachufetts  line  about 
80  miles  weiterly  of  Portfmouth,  and 
70  north-weft  of  Bofton.  Was  incor- 
porated in  1768.  In  1775,  it  contain, 
ed  542,  and  in  1790,  1143  inhabitants. 
In  this  townfliip  are  thirteen  natural 
ponds  of  water  of  different  fizes,  in 
which  are  pickerel,  peich,  trout,  eels, 
Sec.  Ill  this  townflup,  northerly,  is  a 
mine  lately  dii'covcud,  which  contains 
a  kind  'of  ochre  of  a  Spanifti  brown. 
One  half  of  the  water  of  this  town  runs 
to  the  Merrimack,  the  other  to  Con- 
nefticut  river. 

RiNGO's- Town,  in  Hunterdon  co. 
NewTjerfcy,  lies  about  15  miles  N.  W. 
ofPruKCCon. 

,Rl0B.\MBA| 


R  IP 

SfOBAMBA.a  juri(oiAIon  ofPeru,  in 
•(he  provinct  of  C^o,  having  a  capital 
of  it!  own  name.  NPhc  prod  uAioM  and 
manufaAurea  of  thii  province  excel 
all  the  reft  of  the  province!  of  Peru. 
Sevsral  parti  of  it  are  full  of  minea  ot 
gold  and  Tilver. 

Rio  ^ium0,  in  the  ifland  of  Jam!iica» 
lies  14  miles  eaftward  of  Martha  Brae, 
!where  a  fltip  may  lie,  bringing  the  |>oint 
V,  N.  W.  in  I  or  9  fathoms  water. 
The  bank  is  fteep.  Eaftwnrd  of  this, 
4. or  5  miles  is  Dry  Harbour. 

Rio  Grandtt  a  captainftiin  in    the 
northern  divifion  of  Brazil,  whofechiet 
town  is  Tign^rcs. 

Hid,  Grandtt  a  lafge  river  of  Brnzil, 
from  whence  the  above  captainfliip  has 
its  name.  The  Portugticfe  fay  its  en- 
trance is  difficult  and  dangerous^  though 
wide  andde»ip  enough  further  in. 

Rio  Grands^  a  river  of  Terra  Firma, 
%m  America,  which  riles  near  the  equa- 
tor, runs  eaftward,  and  falls  into  the 
North  Sea,  between  Carthagena  and  St. 
"Martha.  Alfo  the  name  of  a  river  of 
Brazil,  which  falls  into  the  fea  at  Natal 
los  Reyes. 

Rio  d*  la  Hacha^  a  town  and  pro- 
'irinca  in  the  northern  divifion  of  Terra 
firtria.' 

RlO<i!rP<i/a/^  on  thecoaft  of  Brazil, 
'lies  10'  leagues  tp  the  fouthwaid  uf  St. 
Catherine. 

V.\Qdt  la  Plata.  See  Plata  River, 
Paraguay,' »n6  Butnps  Ayres. 

Rio  at  la  Plata,  a  province  ^n  the  S. 
divifion  of  Paraguay,  iti  S.  Ame^i^a^  Its 
chief  town  is  Bi^ienosAvres^' 

Rio  di  Puercai,  a  JtarlKHir  or  an- 
chorage ground  oh  the  northern  fide  of 
the  iiUind  pf  C(A>a^  fouthow^ft  of  Bahia , 
Honda. 

Rio  yaaeino,  a  ri<l|^  aod  ^pulous 
city  of 'Brazil,  baying  many  degant 
churches  and  handlenie  bjiilldings,  ntu  • 
ated  within  a  large  and  wide  bay,  in  lat. 
44.  15.  fciiuth,  and  long.  4).  30  weft. 
It  contains  about  100,000  inhabitants, 
and  is  a  place  of  confiderable  trade.  It 
It  ahb  called  St.  Sebaftian. 

Rio  Real,  a  river  of  Brazil,  running 
almoft  parallel  with  that  of  St.  Francis, 
dividing  thecaptainfliipofSeregipe  from 
that  of  Todos  los  Sai  tos,  and  empties 
in'"^  the  ocean  41  leagues  to  the  north- 
wani  of  the  bay  of  that  name, 

Rippacanob  Cretk,  in  the  N.  W. 
Teriritoryi  is  a  vtttlunbraqsti^f  Wa- 


R  O  A  ff' 

baflt  river.  The  Kickaoet  Indian  town 
Uf  near  it.  Its  moutn  Is  ao  mllci  ^ 
bovc  the  Lower  Wean  towna. 

RiPTON,  a  townflilpin  Addifonco. 
Vermont,  at  miles  euft  of  Lal(C  CiuuA- 
ptain. 

R-  •'lOovcHB  Ri'/er,  on  the  nor" 
them  fide  of  Chaletur  Bay«  is  t  leagues 
from  Weft-Nouville,  and  runs  a  wdl 
courfe  in  general.  It  is  navigable  for 
fhips  and  brigs  7  leagues  from  its  mtnithf 
ana  abounds  with  falmon  and  wiM  fowl. 
Msny  falmon  fiftieries  are  carried  on 
here  to  confiderable  advantage. 

RiVANNA,  a  fmaH  nor»'  :ft  branch 
of  James's  river  in  Vi.^inia,  whofc 
head  waters  unite  a  few  miles  north  of 
Charlottefville,  and  implies  into  Janies*a 
1  iver,  about  s  miles  above  Elk  Ifland. 
It  is  navigable  for  canoes  and  batteaux 
to  its  interfeAion  with  the  fouth-.wcft 
mountains,  whith  is  abjput  si  miles ) 
and  may  eaiily  be  opened  to  navigation 
through  thefe  mountains,  to  its  fork 
above  Charlottefville. 

KiVERHBAD,  a  townfliip  of  New. 
York,  fituated  in  Suffolk  co.  in  Long- 
Ifland.  It  was  taken  from  the  town- 
fliip of  Southold,  and  incorporated  in 
1 7  91;  344  of  its  inhabitants  are  qua- 
liiied  electors. 

RiVEKoftbe  WeJI,  in  the  north-weft 
part  of  N.  America,  empties  into  the 
ocean  in  about  lat.  43.  17.  30.  north, 
and  long  laa.  30.  weft.  It  is  liltla 
known,  except  near  its  mouth. 

R  iv  1 E  R  E ,  Grande,  m  LoWeV  Canada^ 
empties  in.  the  ocean  through  thte 
iHM-them  jhore  of  Clhalcur  Bay,  about  ^ 
leagues  welt  north-weft  of  CapeDefpair. 
Here  is^a  confiderable  cdd-fiihery. 

Roanoke  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  N. 
Carolina,  le  id's  into  Albemarle  Sound'. 
N.  lat.  35.  56.  W.  long.  76. 14. 

Roanoke  IJIand  is  on  the  fouthern 
fide  of  Alhemanl.  Sound.  The  north 
point  of  the  ifland  is  s/hbut  7  miles  we^; 
of  Roanoke  Inlet. 

Roanoke,  a  long  and  rapid  river,  la 
formed  by  a  principal  branches,  Staun- 
ton river,  which  rilifs  in  Virginia,  and 
Dan  rivtr,  which  rifes  in  N.  Carolina. 
The  low  lands  on  this  river  are  fubjeft 
to  inundations.  It  is  navigable  only  for 
(hallops,  nor  (or  thefe,  but  about  6  v  or 
70  miles,  on  account  of  falls,  which  in 
a  great  meafure  ohitru£l  the  water  com- 
munication with  the  back  country.  1% 
empties  by  Icverai  months  into  the  S. 

Gg4  vr.  wi 


47t  ROC 

W.  md  «r  Albcnuurk  Setmd.  The 
Dtanttrt  on  the  btnkt  of  thU  river,  are 
lUppoT*!  to  be  the  wcftlthleft  in  North- 
Carolina.  The  tower  part  of  this  river 
WM  formerly  called  MtKOttot. 

ROANOKI  Jlfv»r,Li»ilr,emptIeainto 
Staunton  river  from  the  north,  about  i  c 
milea  above  the  JunAion  of  Dan  and 
Staunton  rivcta. 

Roar  I  NO  Jliv«r,a  boatabie  water  of 
Tenncflee  St^tr,  which  runt  north- weft, 
erly  into  Cumberland  river,  la  mile* 
fouth'Weft  of  the  mouth  of  Obaa  river 

ROBKRDBAU,  a  fmall  fort  which  was 
crcAed  in  Bald  Eagle,  or  Sinking  Spring 
Valley,  in  PenaTylvania,  durina;  the  late 
war.  It  was  ereAed  for  the  proteAion 
of  thofr  who  then  worked  at  tlie  lead 
mines.  But  the  Indian  war  raging  a- 
round  them,  they  were  forced  to  ai?an- 
don  the  entcrpriu.    See   Bald  Eagk 

RoBiET  J«jr,  OP  the  eaft  eoaft  of 
Newfoundland,  fepamted  fixmSpanifh 
Bay  by  a  very  narrow  neck  of  land  {  and 
about  E.  N.  E.  4  miles  about  the  point 
fiom  Port  Grave. 

RoBBRT  Bajt  a  gulf  or  bay  of  the 
Ifland  of  Martinico  in  the  Weft  Indies, 
and  one  of  the  fineft  natural  harbours 
thiit  can  be  imagined,  being  able  to  con- 
tain the  largeft  fleet  with  fuck  conve- 
nience, that  the  (hips  mny  ride  near 
enough  the  ftiore  to  reach  it  with  a 
plank.  It  is  about  %  leagues  in  depth, 
and  is  formed  by  the  Point  of  the  (iai- 
Icons  on  the  weft,  and  Point  Rofe  on  the 
caft. 

,  RoBB&isoN,  a  new countyof  Ten- 
aeflee. 

RoBBsoN,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina, 
fituated  in  Fayette  diftriA,  and  bourtded 
fouth-wcft  by  the  State  of  S.  Carolina. 
It  contains  5)16  inhabitants,  including 
\  3  3  ilaves .     Chief  town,  Lumberton . 

Robin  Hood's  5a)i,ontheeaftcoaft 
of  Newfo|indland,  is  frequented  by  flnall 
veflels,  as  they  can'^ih  here  to  advan- 
tage. If  is  not  far  from  Trinity  Har- 
bour, and  near  to  Fox  Iflands. 

Roc  I/Jatiitst  a  cluster  of  uninhabited 
iflands  off  the  north  coaft  of  Venezuela, 
in  Terra  Firma,  about  40  leagues  north- 
wdt  by  w^rft  of  Tortugas. 

Ri)C\  pARTipo,  a  fmall  Ifland  in 
the  Nui'h  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  E.  from 
La  Meia,  and  W.  from  theifle  La  Nu- 
blada ;  and  in  about  lat.  16,  35,  N.  and 
long.  iz8.  W. 


ROC 

RoCNi,  Q^  ir  to,  on  tht  *T.  Ut  of 
the  ifland  of  8t.  Domingo,  la  a^wiit  ftvt 
leagues  weft  of  Old  Cape  Francwis. 

RocH,  RMire  ih,  %  river  of  fhtf 
N.  W.  Territory,  which  runs  a  8.  W. 
coif rfe,  and  empties  into  the  MMlfip^ 
9S  miles  nbovc  the  lowaRapida* 

RoCNBa,k  prMrit  du^  or  Rttk  Mtm- 
dowst  on  Miflifiupi  river,  ]  milea  below 
the  fpot  where  Fort  Chartrcs  ftood. 

RoCHBSTBR,  the  northwiftemmoA 
townfliip  of  Windfor  co.  Vcrmoat,  and 
contains  »i  5  inhabitants. 

RoCHBSTBR,  a  tov  ndiip  of  Mafla<. 
chufetts,  Plymouth  cd.  53  milea  fuuth- 
ward  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  hi 
1686,  anJ  contains  1,644  innabitants. 

RoCHBSTBR,  a  confiderahle  townfliip 
in  Strafford  co.  NewHampfliire,  on  th« 
W.  (iJe  of  the  northern  branch  of  Pif- 
citaqtia  river,  is  miles  north  wefterlv 
of  Portfmouth,  and  40  S.  by  E.  of  Mid. 
dleton.  It  was  incoroorateit  in  I7at« 
and  contains  1,857  innabitants. 

Roc  H  8  ST  B  R ,  a  townlhip  in  Ulfter  co. 
New. York,  extending  W.  to  Dehwarb 
river.  Jt  is  about  1 1  mile«  8.  W.  of Efo- 
pus,  and  contains  1618  inhabitants,  of 
whom  «i8  are  ele<^ors,  and  iSi  flavet. 

RoCKAWAY,  a  fmall  poft-town  in 
MoiTis  CO.  New-Jerfey,  on  the  S.  fide 
of  the  river  of  its  name,  15  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Morriftown,  ai  S.  E.  of  Newton, 
and  IS3  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

RoCKBRiDOB,  a  mountainous  county 
of  Virsrinia,  bounded  N.  by  Au|[ufta» 
and  8.  by  James  river,  which  divides  it 
from  Botetourt  co.  It  contains  6,54! 
inhabitants,  of  whom  681  are  flaves. 
The  Natural  Bridse,  fo  elegantly  def. 
cribed  by  Mr.  Jefferdn,  in  hu  Notes  oa 
Virainia,  is  in  this  county. 

KocK  Fish,  a  north-wefteih  branch 
of  James  river,  in  Virginia,  at  tha 
mouth  of  which  is  fome  indifferent  mar> 
bleii  generally  variegated  with  red,  bluci 
and  purple.  It  forms  a  large  precipice, 
which  hangs  over  a  navigable  part  of 
the  river.  None  of  the  nuurble  has  ever 
yet  been  worked. 

RoCKPoRD,  a  poft-town  of  N.  Caro- 
lina,  573  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

RocKHiLL,  a  townfliip  of  Buck*a 
CO.  Penniyivania. 

Rockingham,  one  of  the  five  coun. 
ties  into  which  the  State  of  New- Hamp* 
Aiire  is  divided,  it  lies  on  the  S.  E^ 
part  of  the  State  $  having  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  on  the  S.  E.  tht  county  of  Hilir. 


■$}■■' 


and 


ROC 

fcwtugliwuhc  W.  Strafad  on  tlie  N. 
Md  tiM  Aim  of  MkibckuAtu  on  tho  8. 
It  it  about  60  m\Ut  long*  and  }e  broad. 
It  tmbracM  the  only  fcaportf  and  rooft 
of  th«  cooMmrcial  towns  in  tht  ftatt. 
It  contains  46  town(hip«»  and  4]»i69 
iahabitanta.  Chief  towns,  Portimoutb, 
Exeter*  and  Concord. 

RocKiNOUAM,  the  north«eaftcm- 
moft  townlhip  in  Windham  co.  Ver- 
mont, is  fituattd  on  the  weft  banli  of 
ConneAicut  river,  which  Separates  it 
front  Walpole,  in  New-Hampdiire.  It 
contains  i»}5  inhabitants. 

RoaciNOHAM,  aeountyof  Salifltury 
diftriA,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  ealt  by 
Cafwcll  and  weft  by  Stokes.  On  tlie 
baniis  of  the  Dan,  which  waters  this 
county,  are  large  trafts  0^  fertile  low 
land.  A  furnace  and  forge  have  been 
ereAed  on  Tr'ublelbme  Creek.  Iron 
iore  ia  found  in  many  parts  of  the  coun- 
ty. It  cont^iins  6,1(7  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 1,100  flaves. 

Rockingham,  the  chief  town  of 
Jlichmoad  co.  N.  Carolina.  It  is  I'eat- 
cd  on  an  eminence,  about  6  miles  eaft 
Af  Great  Pedee  river,  and  contains  a 
court-houfe,  gaol,  and  a  few  dwelling. 
houfirs.  it  is  74.  miles  from  Hillfbo- 
rough,  40  from  Eethania*  and  536  from 
Philadelphia. 

Rockingham,  a  mountainous  co.  of 
Virginia,  bounded  north  by  Shenandoah, 
and  fbuth  by  Augufta.  It  contains 
7,449l  inhabitants,  including  77*  Haves. 

Rockingham,  a  poft.town  and  the 
feat  of  the  courts  of  the  above  county, 
is  fituated  on  a  biranch  of  Shenandoah 
river,  and  contains  a  couit-houCe,  gaol, 
and  about  30  houles.  It  is  loD  miles 
eaft  by  north  of  the  Svirect  Springs,  25 
N.  W.  by  N.  of  Suunton,  5*  S.  W. 
of  Strafl)ut*g,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  a6s 
8.  W.  ofPhilaiiaphia. 

Rocky  Meadowst  called  by  the 
French  La  PrmrU  du  Retber,  on  the 
eaftern  fide  aS  the  rivsr  Miflifippi,  ix 
miles  northerly  of  Knlkalkias,  and  3 
ibutherly  of  Fort  Chartres.  About  io 
yean  ago,  it  contained  100  white  in- 
tiabitants,  wad  80  negtoes. 

RocKEMBCKO,  or  Rockmejhit  a 
townlhip  in  Lincoln  co.  Diftrift  of 
Maine.  In  1790,  the  plantations  of 
New  Sandwich^  Livermore,  and  Rocko- 
meflMi,  contained  400  inhabitants. 

RocKONCAMA,  a  pond  of  about  a 
pDi]t  in  circwmfcrwcc,  ia  tb;  %%(^  pS 


Ltm  Mmd,  New- York  ItiC},  tetsMMi 
Switkiown  mmI  lOip.  It  is  cosrtbuMl^ 
ebbing  and  flowiag)  rifing  graduallf 
for  fcveral  years,  until  it  has  arrivod  !• 


a  certain  height  |  and  then  faUs 
rapidly  to  lulowcft  bad. 

Rocky  Pato,  on  tba  fbutk  fbon  of 
Lake  Eric,  lies  lo  miks  from  tha  bay  of 
Sandulky. 

Rocky,  afmaUrivcrof  N.  CaraHna, 
which  empties  into  Yadlun  river. 

Rocky  Mmml,  or  trmkUB  CmtrU 
Htufi,  in  Virginia,  where  is  •  poft  of- 


fice, is  «5  miks  from  Martiofburg,  49 

-  -      -      dtfehto. 

Rocky  'ki^v^r^  in  the  N.  W.  Tcrrl- 


from  Liberty,  and  1 ))  fromPhiladm 


tory,  falls  into  the  eaft  fide  of  MURHpfi 
river,  about  70  miles  bek>w  the  meiilli 
of  Mine  river.  A  lead  mine  ettndi 
from  the  mouth  of  this  river  on  lliai 
banks  of  the  Miflifippi,  mora  than  leo 
miles  upwards. 

Roco  Grtrndtt  an  liland  on  tbtfcont 
of  the  Spani(h  Main,  in  the  W.  Indisa. 
N.  lat.  f  I.  5.  W.  long  <7.  39. 

Rodney,  Pei«/,  on  the  N.  W.  catft 
of  N.  America,  is  the  N.  wnnt  of  Nor- 
ton Sound.  Sledge  Ifland  is  S.  B.  |  B. 
of  it  4  leagues,  between  which  and  tht 
continent  is  anchorage  In  7  fathoms* 
This  point  has  its  name  in  honour  of 
the  celebrated  Admiral,  Lord  Rodney* 
N.  lat.  64.  30.  W.  longf.  166.  3. 

RoDRiovKS  Kijt  on  the  coaft  oC 
Florida,  a  pretty  large  mangrove  ifland^ 
one  of  tlie  Tortii^s,  lying  off  Key 
Largo,  and  bears  from  Tavemies*  Key 
N.N.  E.  i  E.  5  miles.  The  roots  of 
the  trees  are  always  overflowod.  N. 
lat.  »5.  W.  lone.  ax.  17. 

ROBBTTCK  Iflandt  at  the  eaftem  ex- 
tremity oi  Lake  Ontario.  See  Fmrtfi 
Ifiand. 

Rogers'  Roadt  fo  called  from  the 
perfon  under  whole  dire6Uon  it  waa 
made,  in  1790.  It  leads  tinuugh  Clin* 
ton  CO.  in  New- York  State  into  Canadii| 
and  is  much  iii'ed  in  winter,  when  paf- 
Hng  the  lakct  is  often  dangerous,  and 
always  uncomfortable. 

RoGERSviLLB,  the  chief  town  of 
Hawkin's  co.  Tenneflce.  The  road 
from  Knoxville  to  Philadelphia,  65* 
miles  paffes  by  Rogerfville,  Rofa's  Fur- 
nace, Abingdon,  EngliHi's  Ferry,  on 
New-River,  Bie  Lick ;  Peytonfbui^ 
Rockbridge,  Lexington,  Stau:  ton, 
New-market,  Wincbefter,  /rederick- 
to^;  York  ud  JUncftfter. 

KOLAND'I 


4^  n  b  M 

R<)tAND*s  Tatte^  on  the  main  Land 
«f  the  B.  coaft  of  the  diftri£l  of  Gafpee, 
in  Lower  Canada,  and  W.  part  of  the 
Oulfof  St.  Lawrence,  is  a  flat  moun. 
tain,  which  (hews  itfelf  off  to  feaward  ; 
ap|)ears  above  fevrral  others,  and  ferves 
to  find  out  Ifle  Percfe,  orPieixed  liland, 
1 5  miles  from  Cape  Gafpee.  The  Ifland 
of  Bonaveiitufa  is  3  niiles  beyond  it. 

RoLliNG  Fori,  a  main  (buthern 
branch  of  Salt  river  in  Kentucky.  The 
towns  of  Lyftra  and  Beallbiirg  ftand 
«n  this  river. 

Roman,  CV^,  on  the  coaft  of  South- 
Carolina.  From  hence  to  Charlefton 
light- houfe  the  courfe  is  W.  S.  W.  I 
\V.  SI  leagues.  N.  )»t.  33. 5.  W  long. 
79.  30. 

'  Roman,  Co^,  on  the  coaft  of  Flo- 
rida, is  xo|  leagues  N.  W.  by  N.  of 
Cape  Sable,  the  S.  W.  pohfit  of  thejw- 
vinf'ula  of  Florida. 

Roman,  Cape,  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Tcna  Firma,  is  the  north  point  of  the 
jKnin.tila  which  is  the  eaft  limit  of  the 
Oulf  of  Venezuela.  Near  to  it  on  the 
"north,  are  a  number  of  rocks,  and  due 
aaorth  of  it  is  the  ifland  of  Oriia,  or 
Aruba,  belonging  to  the  Dutch,  8  or  9 
leagues  diliant. 

Romano,  or  Romano  Cayo,  a  fmall 
ifland  off  the  north  fhore  of  the  iiland 
of  Cnba.  It  is  long  and  narrow,  and 
•at  the  eaftern  extremity  of  that  duller 
of  ides  called  the  Ki1ng*$  Garden. 

KoMB,  a  poft-town  of  Nfw-York, 
Herkimer  co.  on  Mohawk  river,  i( 
tniles  wtft  of  Whiteftown,  and  376 
miles  from  Philadelphia.  This  town- 
fliip  was  taken  from  Steuben,  and  in- 
corporated in  1796.  Fort  Stanwix, 
caileii  alio  New  F<u°t  SchujHer,  is  in  this 
town. 

ROMNEY,  die  chief  town  -of  Hamp- 
fliirc  CO.  Virginia,  contains  about  70 
dwclling-lioutcs,  a  brick  .  court- hoiifc, 
and  a  ftonegaol.  It  is  Htuated  on  the 
weftern  bank  of  the  S.  VV.  branch  r f 
■Patowmac  river,  50  mileil  W.  by  N.  of 
Wincheller,  15  N.  E.  by  N.  ol  Moor- 
fitlds,  and  18  S.  W.  of  Old-Town,  in 
Alleghany  co.  Peniifylvania.  It  is  a 
poft  town,  and  is  241  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Phila'Iriphia. 

KoMOPACK,  a  village  in  Bergen  co. 
■New-Jtrfey,  on  Romopack  river,  15  or 
■«o  miles  north  of  Pa  terfun. 
I    Romulus,  a  miUtary  townihip  in 
MvW-Yoik  State,  Onondago  co.   be- 


lt O  8 

tween  Seneca  and  Cayuga  Lakes.  Tlit 
high  road  to  the  ferry  at  Cayuga  Lake 
runs  through  its  northern  part.  It  was 
incorporate  in  1794;  and  has  within 
its  jurildi£lion  the  townfliips  of  Juniua 
and  Galen,  together  with  the  l^rtds  ly- 
iiig  weft  of  Hannibal  and  Cato,  north 
of^the  townfliip  of  Galen,  and  S.  of 
Lake  Ontario,  and  that  part  of  the 
lands  referved  to  the  Cayuga  nation  of 
Indians,  weft  of  Cayuga  Lake.  In  the 
year  1796,  1x3  of  its  inhabitants  were 
elc£lbrs. 

R.ONDE,  or  Kbonde  JJIand,  one  of  the 
Grenadines,  dependant  on  the  ifland  of 
Grenada,  in  the  Weft  Indies  ;  fituated 
about  mid-way  between  Cariacou  and 
the  north  end  of  Grenada,  about  four 
leagues  from  each.  It  contains  about 
500  acres  of  excellent  land,  which  a'e 
wholly  applied  to  paftiu-age,  and  the 
cultivation  of  cotton. 

KOPB  Ferry,  a  ferry  acrofs  a  bay  in 
the  town  of  New  London,  in  ConneAi- 
cut }  4  miles  S.  W.  by  W.  of  Nev)?.. 
London  city,  on  the  pon-road  to  Nevi^> 
Haven.  I'he  bay  fets  up  from  Long 
Ifland  Sound,  between  MiUftone  Point 
and  Black  Point  in  Lyme.  In  Auguft, 
1796,  a  bridge  500  feet  long,  was  built 
acrofs  this  ferry,  2  miles  above  MiUftone 
Point,  where  the  water  is  18  feet  deep. 
The  bridge  is  94  feet  broad,  with  a  Aid- 
ing draw. 

KOQJUB,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
north'-wcftward  of  Cape  St.  Auguftine. 
S.  lat.  6.  ao.  W.  long.  37.  30. 

KosA,  a  cape  in  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, E-  N.  E.  I  E.  of  Cape  Dame 
Maitie,  the  Aveftern  point  of  the  iflandf 
diftant  about  7  leagues. 

RcSA,  ox  St.  Rofe''i,  an  extenfvve  bay 
on  the  coaft  of  Weft-Florida,  fti»tching 
about  30  miles  to  the  north  eaft',  and  is 
from  4  to  6, miles  broad.  The  bar  be- 
fore it  l.as  only  7  or  eight  feet  wafer, 
where  dccpeft  }  but  within  there  is  16  or 
17,  as  tar  a^  the  Red  Bluff  on  the  main 
land.  1  he  ptninfula  between  this  bay 
and  that  of  Penlacola,  on  th«f  wtft,  is 
from  I  to  3  or  4  miles  broad.  It  is  gei 
ncraUy  a  very  poor,  fandy  foil,  produc- 
ing, in  fome  places,  large  pines  and  live 
oak.  I'he  largeft  river  that  falls  into 
the  bay  is  Chai^H-Hatcha,  or  Peariver, 
which  runs  from  the  ncM'th-eaft,  and  in- 
ters the  eafte'n  extremity  of  the  bay 
through  fevr  \  mouths,  hut  fo  ftioal 
that  only  a  Imali  boat  or  canoe  can  pal4 

th»:4p^ 


ROS 

fhem.  Mr.  Hutchint  afcended  !t  about 
»5  leagues,  where  he  found  a  finall 
party  of  the  Coufl'ac  Indians. 

Rosa,  or  Rofe  IJtandt  extends  along 
the  mouth  of  the  above  bay,  and  is  aboiut 
50  miles  long,  and  no  where  above  half 
a  mile  broad.  The  channel  at  the  en  ft 
end  of  the  ifland  is  fo  choaked  up  with 
a  lar^e  (hual,  in  fome  nlaces  dry,  that 
the  deepeft  water  is  only  4.  or  5  feet ; 
and  the  channel  between  Rofe  Ifland 
and  the  main  is  barely  fufficient  for 
boats  or  pettiaugers. 

Rosalie,  for/,  is  fmiated  in  the 
weftern  territory  of  Georgia,  in  the 
Natchei  countiy,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
MiiTifippi,  in  lat.  31.  40  j  24.3  miles 
above  New-Orleans. 

Roseau,  the  capital  of  the  ifland  of 
Dominico,  in  the  Weft-Indies.  It  is 
now  calkd  Charlottetown,  and  u  iitu 
ated  in  St  George's  parifti,  about  feven 
leagues  from  Prince  Rupert's  Bay,  It 
is  on  a  point  of  land  on  the  fbtith-weft 
fide  of  the  ifland  which  forms  two  bays, 
viz.  Woodbridge's  Bay  on  the  north, 
and  Charlotteville  Bay  to  the  fouthward. 
Roieau  is  about  half  a  mile  in  length 
from  Charlottevil'e  to  Rofeau  rivei,  and 
moftly  two  furlings  in  breadth,  but  is 
of  an  irregular  figure.  It  contains  more 
than  500  houles,  befides  cottages  occu- 
pied by  negroes.  Whilll  in  pofleflion 
of  the  French,  it  contained  upwards  of 
1,000  houfes.  N.  lat.  1 5.  15.  W.  long. 
61.  27. 

Rose,  St.  or  Jayna.  The  eftablifli- 
ments  in  the  plain  of  St  Role,  and  thole 
on  the  banks  of  the  Jayna,  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  are 
looked  upon  as  depending  on  the  city 
of  St.  Domingo.  They  aie  reckoned 
to  contp.in,  at  leaft,  »,ooo  perlbiis  ;  for 
the  molt  part  people  of  dolour,  free  and 
flaves.  The  river  Jayna  is  3  leagues 
W.  of  that  city.  Tb'r  parifli  of  St.  Kofe 
or  Jayna,  which  has  in  its  dependency 
the  ancient  rich  population  of  Bonn- 
venture,  is  now  reduced  to  a  handiul 
of  individuals,  whofe  employment  is  the 
breeding  of  cattle  or  the  walhing  ot 
gold  land.  Towads  the  Iburce  ot  the 
Jayna,  and  near  the  town  of  St.  Role, 
wtre  the  celebrated  gold  mines  ot  St. 
Chriftopher  j  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
which  Columbus  erected  a  fort  by  the 
name  of  St.  Chriftopher. 

Roseway,   Portt   a  populous  fea- 
port  towni  on  the  Ibuth-call  coaft  of 


R  O  U 


4^5 


Nova-Scotia,  northeaft  by  eaft  of  Cape 
Negro  and  if  arbour. 

Roseway  JflandWmt  the  nioutK 
of  Port  Wager,  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft 
of  Nova- Scotia. 

RosiA,  Cape  in  Penobfqot  Bay,  Dif« 
tri£l  of  Maine. 

Ro!<iERs,  Cape,  thefuuth  liinit  of  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  from 
whence  it  is  90  miles  acrufs  to  the  north 
fliore,  meafuring  by  the  weft  end  of  the 
ifland  of  Anticofti.'  This  is  the  eaftem- 
moft  point  of  the  diftri6l  of  Gaipee,  in 
Lower  Canada.  It  has  Floreil  Ifle  and 
Cape  Gafpee  on  the  fouth.  N.  lat.  48. 
56.  W.  long.  63.  40. 

RossiGNOL,  Port,  en  the  fouthern 
coalt  of  Nova-Scotia,  a  haibour  to  the 
Ibuth-wert  of  Port  de  L'Heve. 

RossrcNOL,  a  confiderable  lake  in 
Nova- Scotia,  between  Liver|>ool  and 
Annapolis.  The  Indians  lay  it  is  the 
main  iburce  of  Liverpool  and  Petit  riv- 
ers. It  has  been  a  p'ace  of  relbrt  for 
the  Indians,  on  account  of  the  favour.'^ 
able  hunting  grounds  upon  it. 

Rotterdam,  or  Anamocoe  IJle,  ojje , 
of  the  Friendly  Iflands,  lituated  on  the 
north  of  Amfterdam  Ifle ;   remarkable 
for  its  fertility  and  the  peaceable  diipo- 
fition  of  the  inhabitants. 

Rotterdam,  A^^w,  a  new  fettle- 
ment  on  the  north  fideot  Oneida  Lake, 
in  the  State  of  New- York. 

Rouge,  Cape  or  Red  Cape,  on  the 
N.  fide  of  the  illand  of  St.  Dominico,  in 
tiie  W.  Indies,  lies  4  leagues  weftward 
of  Point  li'abellica 

Rouge  River,  in  Louifiana,  is  fo 
called  from  its  waters  being  of  a  red 
colour,  and  faid  to  tinge  thole  of  the 
Miflilippi  in  the  time  ot  the  floods.  It 
riles  in  New-Mcxic,  and,  after  running 
about  600  miles,  jc.ins  the  MiflTilippi  187 
mi  v.'s  above  New.Or!e»ns,  56I  miiet 
lielow  Fort  Rolalie  ;  30  miles  from  its 
mouth  it  receives  Noir,  or  Black  river. 
Near  70  leagues  up  Rouge  river  the 
French  had  a  confuicrable  poft  called 
Natciiitothes.  It  was  a  frontier  to  the 
cjpanilh  fettlements,  being  20  miles  froni 
Foil  Ailuyes. 

K  ouGt  Chapeau,  or  Red  Hat,  a  cape 
oil  tlie  coalt  ot  N.  America.  N.  lat. 
:^6.  51.  W.  long.  55.  16. 

Round  Buy,  a  fin^  bay,  with  good 
anchoiage,  lituated  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St,  Lucia,  in  the  Weft- 


Indies. 


R0VM» 


47^ 


ROX 


R<nnif>»  Captt  on  the  coaft  of  L^ 
iMdor  in  N.  America. 

RovND Mm(6,  Indians  inhabiting  on 
Hiviefc  aux  Tetes  Bowlesr«i-  Round 
ttcad  river,  iii  N.  America.  Warriors, 
9,eoo. 

RoOND  JJtoHdt  a  froall  iiland  on  the 
«o«ft  of  Weft. Florida,  lies  5  miles  north 
tnm^  and  oppofite  to  the  middle  of 
Horn  Illand,  and  is  well  timbered. 

Round  Rockt  one  of  the  Virgin 
Ifiaads*  nort  h  of  G  inger  Ifland .  N .  iat . 
at.  10.  W.  long.  6s.  53. 

Rowan,  one  of  the  moft  populous 
cowuies  of  N.  Caixtjina,  In  Saltfbury 
4UlriA ;  bonndcd  aoith  by  Iredell,  and 
Ibiith  by  Cabarrus.  It  contains  1 5,828 
aabtbitants,  including  174a  flaves. 

Ro WE,  a  townfhip  in  the  north-weft- 
«ni  comer  of  Hampfhire  co.  Miiflkchu- 
fttts )  bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
Vermont,  and  130  miles  north-weft  of 
)|pfton.  Itis  watered  by  Deerficld  riv- 
«r,  and  contains  443  inhabitants. 

Rowley,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachu- 
letts,  Eflex  co.  having  Newbury  on  the 
■wtlk-caft  and  contains  two  pariflies,  be- 
fide»  a  fociety  of  Ansbaptifts .  The  in- 
liabitants,  177s  in  number,  are  moftly 
famera.  Near  its  bounds  with  New- 
Irnry,  fome  fpeclmens  of  black  lead  have 
been  diftovercd,  and  it  is  thought  there 
u  a  confiderable  body  of  it,  which  may 
be,  hereafter,  an  obje£l  of  confequence. 
It  i»  5  or  6  miles  north  by  weft  of  Ipf- 
wich,  and  16  north  by  eaft  of  fiofton, 
and  was  incorporated  in  1639. 

RoxA9,  Haite  de,  the  heights  in  the 
4fiftiiA  of  Bayaguana,  in  the  middle  of 
the  caftern  pait  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
•niagi^  are  fo  called.  Here  Valverde 
&w,  atter  having  long  fought  for  it  in 
^rain,  a  little  qnadrupM,  which  in  form 
pnd  fize  refembled  a  fucking  pig  of  a 
ftnnieht  old,  except  that  its  fnout  was 
m  Ktt^  longer.  It  had  but  very  little 
Bair,  which  was  as  fine  as  that  of  the 
idogs  called  Cbinfi/e.    The  town  of  Ba- 

Jaguana  is  about  4  leagues  fouth  eaft 
y  eaft  of  Bay  a. 

ROXBOROVCH*  a  townftiipof  Penn- 
^Ivania,  fituated  in  Philadelphia  coun« 

•y- 

ROXBVRY,  a  pleafant  town  in  Nor- 
folk CO.  MaflUchufetts,  one  mile  fouth 
weft  of  Bofton.  The  townftiip  is  now 
divided  into  3  parifhes,  and  was  fettled 
in  1630.  In  the  s  parifhes  are  t,ai6 
jiriMbitanta.    The  «aft  pariA  in  tkii 


town  hat  lately  been  connefted  wrltli 
Bofton  harbour  by  a  canal.  The  Rev. 
John  Elliot,  the  Apoftle  of  the  Indians, 
was  ihe  firit  minifter  who  fettled  here. 
He  tranflated  the  Bible  and  other  pi. 
ous  books,  into  the  Indian  language } 
and  founded  many  religious  fociettes 
among  the  Indians.  Thofe  o(  Natici 
and  Ma/bpttt  few  in  number,  remain  to 
this  day.  He  died  in  1670,  after  being 
paftor  60  years. 

RoXBVRY,  a  townflilp  in  the  weftern 
part  of  Orange  co.  Vermont,  having 
only  14  inhabitants. 

RoxBURY,  a  townfliip  of  Morris  co, 
New-Jerfey,  on  Mufconecunk  river,  15 
miles  from  its  confluence  with  the  De« 
laware,  and  45  miles  north  of  Trenton. 
Near  it  is  a  mineral  i'pring. 

Roxo,  a  cape  near  the  S.  W.  part  of 
Porto  Rico  IHand,  and  due  fouth  of 
CapeRincon.  N.  Iat.  18.  11.  W.  long. 

67-  S3. 

Royal  Bay,  is  a  fliort  diftanee  to 
the  eaft  fuutherly  of  Boon's  Point,  at 
the  north  part  of  the  ifland  of  Antig\ik 
in  the  Weft-Indies. 

Rmyal  Ijfle,  a  fmall  fertile  ifland  m 
the  ri\  cr  St.  Lawrence ;  60  miles  below 
Lake  Ontario.  The  French  fort  on  it 
was  taken  by  Gen.  Amherft,  in  1760, 

Royal's  River^  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  empties  into  Cafco  Bay,  in  the 
townfliij)  of  North-Yarmouth. 

RoYALTON,  a  townflup  in  Windfor 
CO.  Vermont,  north- weft  of  Hartford,  ou 
White  river,  and  contains  748  inhabi- 
tants. 

RoYALSTON,  a  townftiip  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  V/orcefler,  40  miles  north- 
weft  by  north  of  Worcefter,  and  70 
north -weft  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo< 
rated  in  1665,  and  contains  1,130  in- 
habitants. Miller's  river  runs  through 
this  town  from  the  eaft. 

RvATAN.or  Rattan^  an  ifland  in  the 
Bay  of  Honduras,  8  leagues  from  the 
Mofquito  fliure,  and  about  100  weft  by 
fouth  of  the  illand  of  Jamaica.  It  is  39 
miles  long  and  1 3  bruad,  naturiilly  for- 
tified with  rocks  and  flioals,  except  the 
entrance  into  the  harbour,  which  is  lb 
narrow  that  only  one  fliip  can  pals  it  at 
a  time ;  the  haibour  is  one  of  the  Aneft 
in  the  world,  and  can  aftbrd  fafe  an- 
chorage for  500  fail  of  fliips.  It  was 
totally  uninhabited  until  1741,  when  the 
Britifli  uniler  the  command  of  Major. 
Crawford>  began  a  iettkaxnt,  in  order 


being 


R  U  P 

to  proteft  the  log-wood  cuttert,  and  &- 
cure  a  trade  with  the  Spaniards  of  Gu- 
atimala,  for  cochineal,  indigo,  &c. 
but  it  was  foon  abandoned.  N.  lat. 
17.  6.  W.  long.  88.  12. 

RuGE ley's  Mills,  inS.  Carolina, are 
about  II  miles  north  of  Camden,  near 
the  wefternmoft  branch  of  Lynchers 
Creek.  Here  General  Greene  retreat- 
ed, in  May,  1781,  to  wait  for  reinforce- 
ments, after  his  repulfe  at  Camden,  and 
to  prevent  fupplies  reaching  it. 

RuissEAU,  Grand,  a  fettlement  on 
the  eaftern  fide  of  the  river  Mlilifippf, 
and  in  the  N.  W.  Territoiy,  which, 
with  the  villages  of  St.  Philip  and  Prai- 
rie-du-Rochers,  contained,  in  1792, 240 
inhabitants. 

RvM^ORD.  See  Concord,  in  New- 
Hampftiire. 

Rumi-Ramba,  a  plain  near  Quito  in 
Peru,  full  of  large  fragments  of  rocks, 
thrown  thither  from  a  volcano,  for- 
merly in  the  famous  mountain  of  Pi- 
chincha. 

Rum  Key,  one  of  the  Bahama  IHands. 
N.  lat.  23.  52.  W.  long.  74..  17. 

RUMNEY,  or  Romney,  a  townfhip  of 
New-Hamplhire,  fituated  in  Grafton 
CO.  on  a  tiorth  branch  of  Baker's  river, 
about  7  or  8  miles  north- weft  of  Ply- 
mouth, on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Pemige- 
waflTet.  It  was  incorporated  in  1767, 
and  contains  411  inhabitants. 

Runaway  Bay,  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua ;  fituated 
between  the  fort  on  Corbizon's  Point 
to  the  north,  and  Fort  Hamilton  to  the 
fouth.     Off  it  lie  rocks  and  ftioais. 

Runaway  Bay,  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  iiland  of  Jamaica,  wcftward  of 
Great  Laughlands  river  and  Mumby 
Bay,  and  9  or  10  miles  eaftward  of  Rio 
Bueno. 

Rupert,  the  north-rweftemmoft 
townihip  of  Bennington  co.  Vermont. 
It  contains  1033  inhabitants. 

Rupert's  Bay,  at  the  N.  W.  end 
of  the  ifland  of  Dominica,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  aftbrds  good  flielter  from  the 
winds,  and  is  deep,  capacious  and  fan- 
dy.  It  is  the  principal  bay  of  the 
ifland,  and  on  it  is  ereaed  the  town  of 
Portfmouth. 

Rupert's  Fort,  at  the  bottom  of 
Hudfon's  Bay,  in  North  America,  is 
fituated  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name, 
on  the  eaft  fide  of  James's  Bay)  be- 
twc«n  Sla4,«  liTfr  qp  .Uif  nortb^  lod 


RUT  47r 

Nodway  river  on  the  fouth*  N.  lat*  51. 
50.  W.  long.  80.  5. 

RuPERj's  IJUmdt  the  moll  wcfterl^ 
of  the  four  iflands  in  the  ftraits  of  Ma* 

fellan,  which  fonn  the  S.  fide  of  Roy4 
leach. 

RussELX,Bco.  of  Virginia,  bduadei 
north  by  Greenbrier^  and  fouth  by  Lee 
county .  B«fore  Lee  was  erected  out  of 
this  county,  it  conttuned  3338  inhidM. 
tants,  including  190  (laves. 

Russell,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfluie 
CO.  MafTachufetts,  15  mile»  weft  of 
Springfield,  and  108  weft  by  fouth  of 
Bofton.    It  was  incorporated  in  1792* 

Rutherford,  a  county  of  Morgaa 
diftri£t,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  north  hf 
Burke  and  fouth  by  the  State  of  S.  Caro- 
lina. In  1790  it  contained  7808  inhabi- 
tants, including  614  flaves ;  but  a  lugir 
county  has  been  lately  formed  out  of  it. 

Rutherford-Town,  the  capital  of 
the  above  county.  It  contains  a  court. 
houfe,  a  gaol,  and  a  few  dwelling-  honfet. 

Ruthsborough,  a  village  in  Queeai 
Anne's  co.  Maryland,  on  Tuckahoc 
Creek,  6  miler.  S.£.  of  CenterviUej  :md 
^\  N.  W,  of  Greenfborough. 

Rutland,  a  county  of  Vermanc, 
bounded  north,  by  Addifon  co.  eaft  by 
Windfor,  fouth  by  Bennington^  and 
weft  by  New- York.  Otter  Creekf  afil 
other  ftreams,  water  this  county.  It 
has  alfo  numerous  lakes  or  ponds,  wdl 
ftored  with  'ifli }  the  chief  ot  thefe,  ane 
Lakes  Bombazon,  and  St.  Auftin }  the 
former  in  Hubberton  and  Caftletwi^ 
and  the  latter  in  Wells.  It  contaiaa 
25  townfhips,  and  15*565  inhabitants* 
Here  are  14  forges,  3  furnaces,  and  a 
flitting-mill. 

Rutland,  a  poft-town  of  Vermont, 
and  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  Ot- 
ter Creek,  55  miles  from  the  mouth  tii 
that  creek  in  Lake  Champlain;  57 
miles  northerly  of  Bennington,  45  W. 
by  N.  of  Windfor,  and  3  59  N.  E  by  N. 
of  Philadelphia.  This  town  and  Wind- 
for, are  to  be  ■*ltei'nately  the  feat  of 
government  for  the  State.  It  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church,  a  court- 
houfe,  and  about  60  houfes.  N.  lat^ 
43.  34. 30.  W.  long.  72.  50.  30.  The 
mean  heat  here,  according  to  Dr. 
WilliamSf  ia  43  ( 

Leaft  heat  «i 

Greateft  heat       92 
The  townfliip  contains  1407  inhabitants. 
Pipe  day  if  fevioil  bcre^  wUch  has  bc«a 

wrought 


^y%  SAB 

wrought  tnto  crucibles  that  Ipravt  Verj^ 
durable. 

Rutland,  a  townfliipof  Maflfachu- 
Mttt  Wercefter  CO.  14  miles  N.  W.  of 
VTorcefter,  and  56  W.  of  Bofton.  The 
town  was  incorporated  in  ^7^^^  and 
contains  107*  inhabitants. 

Rye,  a  townihip  in  New  Hampfliire, 
on  the  fea-coaft  of  Rockingbnm  co.  op- 
pofite  the  Ifle  of  Shoals,  and  i  miles  S. 
of  Portfmouth.  It  wa»  incorporated  in 
1719,  and  contains  ^65  inhabitants. 
The  coaft  ztfonU  excellent  fait  hay. 

Ryb,  a  townfliip  of  New-York,  Weft- 
Chefter  co.  on  LonR-Jfland  Sound  j  36 
wiles  N.  E.  from  New-York  city.  It 
contains  986  inhabitants,  of  whom  154. 
are  qualified  eleftors,  and  113  (laves. 

Rye,  a  townlhip  In  Cumberland  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Rybgate,  the  S.  eaftemmoft  town- 
ihip  of  Caledonia  co.  Vermont,  and 
feparated  from  Bath  in  Ncw-Hamp- 
Ibire  on  the  call,  by  Connecticut  river. 
It  contains  187  inhabitants. 


SABA,  one  of  the  Carlbbee  Iflands, 
in  the  Weft-Indies,  belonging  to 
the  Dutch,  alwut  i»  miles  in  circumfe- 
rence. It  is  13  miles  N.  W.  of  St. 
Euftatia,  and  30  S.  W.  of  St.  Bartho- 
lomew. N.lat.  17.  39.  W,  long.  63. 17. 

Saba,  Little,  one  of  the  fmaller  Vir- 
gin Iflands,  fitiiated  to  the  fouth  of  St. 
Thomas,  and  belongs  to  the  Danes. 

Sable,  Cape,  the  fouth-weftemmoft 
point  of  the  province  of  Nova-Scotia. 
N.  lat.  43.  24.  W.  long.  65.  39.  Varia- 
tion of  the  needle,  in  1787,  12.  15.  W. 

Sable,  Cape,  the  S.W.  point  of  the 
peninfula  of  Florida;  33  leagues  E.  N. 
E.  i  E.  of  the  S.  W.  point  of  the  Dry 
Tortuga  Shoals.  N.  lat.  14.  57.  W. 
long.  81.  5%. 

-  Sable,  Great  and  Little,  two  rivers 
emptying  into  Lake  Champlain  from 
the  wilt  fide.  Great  Sable  River  is  not 
far  from  the  Saranac,  and  is  fcarcely  60 
yards  wide.  On  this  ftreain  are  re- 
markable falls.  The  whole  dcfcent  of 
the  water  is  about  100  feet,  in  feveral 
pitches,  the  greatcft  of  which  is  40  fieet 
perpendicular.  At  the  foot  of  it  the 
water  is  unfathomable.  A  large  pine 
has  been  feen,  in  a  frefliet,  to  pitch  over 
fodwifc,   aod  reniain  i^reral  mlnuieii 


SAC 

underwater.  The  flream  is  confined 
by  high  locks  on  either  iide,  a  fpace  ot' 
40  feet)  and  the  banks  at  the  falls  are 
at  leaft  as  mtlny  feet  high;  In  a  frelhct^ 
the  flood  wood  frequently  lodges,  and 
in  a  fevtr  mitiutes  the  water  dies  to  full 
banks,  and  then  burfts  aw^ay  its  obftruc' 
tions,  with  a  moft  tremendous  crafli- 
ing. 

Sable,  an  ifland  fouth-eaft  off  Cape 
Breton  35  leaguest  It  is  narrow,  dreary, 
and  barren.  N.  lat.  441 1 5.  W.long.  6oi 
Sable  Point,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Newfoundland.  N.  lat.  504 
a4.  W.  long.  57.  35. 

Sables,  Riviere  aux.  See  Black 
River,  a  water  of  Lake  Ontario. 

SACATECOLULA,or  Lacattculuh,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Mexico,  11  miles  from 
Limpa  river.  There  is  a  burning  moun^ 
tain  near  the  town  of  the  fame  name. 
The  volcano  of  St.  Salvadore,  is  more 
northerly  about  30  miles,  and  1 2  eaft- 
ward  of  Bernal. 

Sac,  Grande  Riviere  du  Cul  de,  n, 
river  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingp, 
which  rifes  in  Montagne  de  la  Selle,  by  - 
two  branches )  takes  a  femicircular 
courfe  of  12  leagues,  and  runs  weftward 
into  tlK  lea,  about  two  leagues  north- 
ward of  Port  au  Prince. 

Sackville,  a  townOiip  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  Cumberland  co.  on  Chegne6l* 
Balbn,  called  by  the  French  Beau  Bafin, 
and  Tintamare,  and  the  N.  fide  of  the 
River  au  Lac. 

S Aco  Falls,  fituated  on  Saco  river,  are 
5  miles  from  the  fea.  The  river  is  here 
divided  by  Indian  Ifland,  coiififting  of 
about  30  acres  of  land,  and  on  each  fide 
of  it  tumbles  over  a  precipice  of  rock», 
and  mixes  with  the  tide.  The  profpeA 
from  the  eaft  fide  of  the  Ifland  is  very 
liiblime  and  inajeftic.  From  the  begin- 
ning of  the  falls,  to  the  tide  below,  the 
difl:erence  of  iieight  is  above  40  feet. 
There  are  many  corn  and  faw- mills ; 
on  the  falls,  and  bdow  the  iflind  is  ;i 
fine  bafon,  where  veflels  take  in  their 
cargoes.  Salmon  Falls  are  10  niiica 
above  this. 

Saco  River  is  one  of  the  three  largeft 
rivers  in  this  diftridl.  The  principal 
part  of  its  waters  fall  frim  the  White 
Mountains.  Its  courfe,  fome  diflance 
from  its  fourcc,  is  fouthwardly;  it  then 
fuddenly  bends  to  the  raft,  and  crofies 
into  the  DiftriCl  of  Maine;  and  then 
make«  a  larce  b«nd  to  the  N.  E:  and 

S.  W. 


^  AC 


SAC 


479 


t^.  W.  embri^cing  the  finn  townlhlp  Af  I  month's  iiege  i  but  by  the  treaty  o# 
fi7eburg,  in  the  county  of  York.    Its    peace  it  was  relloreil. 
general  coitrfe  thence  to  the  fcais  S.  £. 


Great  and  Little  OiTipee  rivers  tiall  into 
it  from  tlie  weft.   This  river  is  naviga- 
fcfle  for  (hips  to  Saco  Fails,  about  6  miles 
from  the  lea.    Htre  the  river  is  broken 
by  Indian  Ifland,  over  which  is  the|)oft' 
road.    A  bridge  is  thrown  over  each  of 
the  branches.     A  number  of  mills  are 
cre£Vcd  here«  to  whicli  lugs  are  floated 
from  40  or  50  miles  above ;  and  veflels 
can  come  quite  to  the  mill»  to  take  i«' 
the  lumber.    Four  miUion  feet  of  pine 
boards  were    annuaUy  fawed  at  trefe 
mills  before  the  war.    The  mouth  of 
this  river  lies  4.  miles  E.  of  Cape  Por- 
poife.    There  is  a  bar  which  will  not 
allow  a  veflel  of  above  100  tuns  burden 
to  pals,  if  fully  loaded.     Witliout  the 
bar,  and  between  Fletcher's  Neck  and 
the  main  land,  is  a  i)Ool,  wherein  vellels 
of  any  fize  may  lie  at  all  feafons  of  the 
year,  and  take  in  their  ladings  at  plea- 
iiire.    On  the  weft  fide  of  the  river  a 
fmall  neck  of  land  divides  it  from  the 
pool,  which  might  be  eafily  cut,  and  fo 
iave  the  hazard  of  palTing  the  bar.     On 
the  branches  of  this  river,  as  well  as  on 
the  main  Aream,  are  a  great  many  mills  I 
•nd  valuable  works :  30  miles  from  the 
fea,  a  fmall  ftream,  iflliing  from  Little 
OlHpeepond,  inNew-Uamplhire,  joins 
it  i  and  so  miles  further  up  Great  OiH- 

Ee  river,  from  another  pond,  in  New- 
amplhire,  fwe)ls  the  Saco,  and  impels 
its  courfe.    Proceeding  up  the  Sfxo,  its 
fource  is  found  on  the  fide  of  the  White 
Mountains,  in  New-  Hampfhire.    From 
thefe  mountains   the  waters  run  into 
Connecticut,  Saco,   and  Androfcoggin 
rivers.     Saco  river  meanders  through 
the  ancient  Indian  village  of  Peckwal- 
ket,  60  miles  fromtlie  lea.   In  1775,  a 
new  river  burft  into  the  Saco,  from  the 
White  Mountains,  and  ftill  continues 
to  aid  Saco  and  a  branch  of  it,  called 
Ellis's  river.     A  mixture  of  iron  ore, 
jave  the  wjaters  a  red  colour  for  a  few 
lays,    and    the   people   on  tlte  upper 
banks  had  a  report,  that  tiie  river  was 
bloody,  which  they  con  tide  red  as  an  ill 
•men  to  the  public  concenis. 

Sacrament,  Si.  the  S.  wefternmoft 
Portugueie  fettlement  in  Brazil,  being 
oppofite  to  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  fouth- 
frn  fide  of  the  river  La  Plata.  It  is 
alfo  called  Sacraments  Colonial  and  was 
taken  by  tht  Spaiyardt  in  1762,  after  a 


Sacrifices  JJIaHd,  on  the  weft  eam^'-- 
of  New  Mexico,  is  about  3  miles  weft- 
ward  of  a  fmall  ifland  tailed  the  Water* 
ing  Ifl.ind,  and  la  miles  from  Coi«l» 


river. 

Saddle-Back,  an  ifland  inHudfon** 

Bay.    N.  lat«  67..  7.  W.  long.  6S.  13. 

It  lies  nearly  due  weft  of  Terra  Nieva* 

SADDL.E  Rivert  a  village  in  Berge* 

cov  New-Jerfty, 

SADsBURYr  a  townAip  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Sagadahock  was  formerly  the  namt 
of  Kennebeck  river,  in  the  Diftrift  of 
Maine,  after  it  receives  Androfcoggin 
river.  See  Kennebeck  riiw,  and  M/rtjjf 
Meeting  Bay, 

Sacadahock,  a  great  part  of  th* 
Diftri^l  of  Maine  was  formerly  fo  call- 
ed.     In  tlie  grant  by  Kinz  Charles  II. 
to  hisr  brother  the  Dukt  or  York,  thift 
territory  was  deCcribed  in  the  following; 
manner  t   "All  that  part  of  the  main, 
land  of  New- England,  beginning  at  » 
certain  place  called  St.  Croix,  adjoining 
to  New-Scotland  in  America,  and  frona 
thence  extending  along  the  iiea  coaft,  to 
a  certain  place  called  Pimaquin^  orPema- 
quid,and  lb  up  the  river  thereof  to  itsfur« 
theft  head  as  it  tends  to  the  northward* 
and  extending  from  thence  to  the  river 
Q^enebec,   and    fo  up  by  the  (hoiteft 
courfe  to  the  river  of  Canada  north- 
ward.'** This  tra£t  was  called  theDuke 
of  York's  Property,  and  was  annexed 
to  the  government  of  New- York,     At 
the  revolution,  in  168S,  it  reverted  t* 
the  crown, 

SAGAMOND.ariyeroftheN.W.Ter- 
ritory,  which  has  a  fouth-eaft  courfe* 
and  enters  Illinois  river,  30  miles  below 
Demi  Quian  river,  and  135  from  the 
Miflifippi.  It  is  ICO  yards  wide  at  iti 
mouth,  and  is  navigable  for  fmall  boat*- 
or  canoes  upwards  of  iSo  miles. 

Sagatuck /{/I'^r,  a  fmall  river  of 
Conne£licut,  which  riles  in  Ridgefield, 
in  Fairfield  co.  pafles  through  Reading 
nnd  Wefton,  and  running  ibuthward* 
I'eparates  Fairfield  from  Norwalk,  and 
empties  inro  a  harbour  of  its  own  nan^e 
in  Long- Ifland  Souml. 

Saganum,  or  Sagana  Bayj  in  thft 
foiith.weil  part  of  Lake  Huron,  is  about 
8o  miles  in  length,  and  li  or  ao  milea 
broad.  Aroiuid  it  live  the  Chippeway 
Indiai|[S. 

Sacbmpaqo* 


^^  8  A  I 

Saompaoo,  a  bead  branch  of  Hud* 
f»*«  river.  Its  mouth  U  about  >•  milct 
wtft  01  Fort  Anne* 

Sago  HarbovRi  a  poftwtown  and 
imt  of  entry  in  the  State  of  New- York, 
Voiblk  CO.  at  the  eaft  end  of  Long- 
Mand.  It  containi  a  Prefl)ytei'ian 
^urch  and  abont  50  houfe*.  The 
^vhale  filhery  from  this  harbour  pro* 
duced  1000  barrels  of  oil  annually.  Its 
exports  in  17S4.  amounted  to  the  value 
of  676a  dollars.  It  is  i  a  miles  N.  W. 
«f  8outhampttMi(  107  E.  of  New- York, 
and  10a  N.  E.  by  E.  of  Philadel- 
Idiia. 

Sagvana,  a  bay  In  «■«  north-eaft 
comer  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  on  the 
coaft  of  Florida,  having  numerous  ifles 
CO  both  6des ;  Cayos  del  Pagoi  on  the 
fimth-eaft,  and  Farellon  de  Pagoi  on  the 
mcth'weftward  • 

Sacoinai,  or Si^^tutijft  a  laige  river 
of  Canada  which  rites  hx>m  Lake  St. 
John,  and  after  purfuing  an  eafterlv 
courfe  above  100  miles,  eoiptiet  through 
the  wei  bank  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
at  the  town  and  harbour  of  Tadouflac. 
It  ia  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  wide 
at  its  mouth,  and  is  from  80  to  90  f  a- 
dioms  deep,  but  higher  up  it  is  wider ; 
and  the  narrownefs  of  the  channel  greatly 
increafes  ita  rapidity,  though  it  is  navi- 
gable for  the  largeft  veflels  45  leagues 
mm  its  mouth.  The  harbour,  called 
Port  Tadouflac,  can  affbixl  convenient 
anchorage  for  a  5  fail  of  (hips  of  war,  and 
la  well  fecured  from  all  winds  and 
ftorms.  It  is  deep,  of  a  circular  form, 
and  furrounded  at  a  diftance  with  veiy 
high  rocks,  except  at  the  entrance.  A 
fmall  ftream  empties  into  it,  i'uflicient 
to  water  a  fleet.  The  country  in  the 
Tieinity  abounds  with  marble. 

Sao VE NAY  River,  Little,  a  river  of 
Labrador,  which  runs  Ibuthward,  and 
empties  into  the  St.  Lawrence  a  fhort 
way  eaftward  of  the  Seven  Hies,  and 
weftwatd  of  Baibn  river,  N.  lat.  50. 
a8.  W.  long.  65. 

Saiung  Cove,  on  the  fouthfideof 
the  ifland  of  Newfoundland,  in  the  grear 
bay  wherein  is  fituated  the  bay  of  Tre- 
pam.    It  is  6  miles  N.  ot  Cape  Pine. 

Sail  Roek.     See  St.  Ambro/e. 

St.  Ann,  C<0^,on  the  fouth  fide  of 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  near  its  mouth, 
and  en  the  north  coaft  of  the  diftri£l  of 
Gafpee,  ui  Lower  Canada ;  foutherly  of 
Cape  Chat*  N.  lat.  48.  ip  W«  m^ 


SAL 

8t.  ARira*a,  a  Attlement  m  the  etl| 
coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  which  haa 
a  harbour. 

St.  ANNB*t^bMM&,  3  iflands  fituated 
in  the  bay  of  St.  Louis  ueMaraguan. 
on  the  coaft  of  Brasil,  S.  America. 

Saints,  two  iflands  neak'Guadaloope 
Ifland.    bteZaiiaes. 

Sal,  £«,  a  rivar  of  New  Spain.  See 
Odiaeam. 

Sal,  Rio  Lagra  dt,  or  River  of  the 
S«lt  Lake,  on  the  coaft  of  Bratil,  about 
39  miles  fouth- weft  of  Salgado  river. 

Salt  Bay,  or  Baia  Saluda,  called 
alfo  SaUua,  is  30  miles  north  of  Cape 
Toncoral,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  and  on 
theS.  Pacific  Ocean.  It  has  a  good 
fliip-road,  which  is  much  reforted  to  by 
coafting  veflels,  for  loading  lalt  as  well 
as  other  produce.  Good  frefli  water 
mav  be  had  near  the  road. 

Sal  ADA,  an  ifland  in  the  Weft- In- 
dies, whofe  north-eaft  point  lies  in  lat. 
10.  59.  N.  and  long.  64.  is.  W. 

Salada,  or  Stdt  River,  on  the  coa(l 
of  Peru,  is  within  the  hatbour  of  Pinasl^ 
on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean. 

Salac  VA,  Port,  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
New  Mexico,  is  near  the  rough  head- 
I  land  called  San  Tiu;o,  and  8  leaguei 
from  the  Valley  of  Colima.  Here  are 
two  good  harbours  called  Las  Calletas, 
or  the  Creeks,  where  many  fliips  may 
ride.  That  to  the  north-weft  is  very 
iafe,  and  huid-locked  againft  alt  winds, 
though  fmaller  than  th^  other.  Between 
Saiugua  and  the  White  Rock  (which 
jouis  the  head-land)  is  the  port  of  St. 
Tioga.  '^ 

Salamanca  de  Baealer,  a  fmall 
but  flourifliing  town  of  Mexico,  on  thcr 
eaft  fide  of  tiK  ifthmus  which  joins  the 
peninfuia  of  Yucatan  to  the  continent. 
It  contains  about  lao  houfes,  with  a 
bad  fort  and  a  fmall  ganifou,  to  pre* 
vent  contraband  trade.  N.  lat.  17.  s. 
W.  long.  90.  30. 

Salamanib  Riviere,  a  river  of  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  which  empties  into 
the  ^Vabafli  from  the  N.  N.  E.  14  miles 
be'dw  the  river,  on  the  oppofite  fide 
called  Ecor  a  Amelins,  and  ^65  miles 
above  Poft  St.  Vincent.  It  rlfes  by  two 
branches,  which  unite  ^bout  35  miiea 
from  its  mouth,  which  lies  in  lat.  41^ 
3.  30  N.  and  long.  86.  »5.  W. 

Salem,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  fituated  on  Muflcin- 
(um  tviv.   It  VM  fedakcA  io  1782, 

andi 


d  AL 

and  plundered  hy  the  Indiini,  who  were 
alliet  of  the  Britifli  armv. 

Salbm,  a  Moravian  kttlement  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  Atuatni  on  the  north- 
eaft  branch  of  Monortgahela  river;  5 
miles  from  Onadenhutten,  on  the  oppo- 
fite  fide  of  the  river r  and  7S  miles  weft 
of  Pittfliurg.  Congrefs  granted  4,000 
acres  of  iania  to  the  United  Bretht'rn,  or 
Moravians,  Sept.  3,  1^88^  tor  the  pur. 
pofe  of  propagating  the  Chriftian  reli- 
gion among  the  heathen. 

Salbm,  New,  a  Moravian  fettlement 
of  Chriftian  Indians,  on  Huron  1-iver, 
and  near  Pettquotting,  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  Lake  Erie.  The  plantations  are  on 
the  weft  bank  of  the  river,  and  the 
dwelline-houfes  on  the  eaft  fide,  which 
is  high  land.  In  June,  1786,  their  new 
chapel  was  confecrated,  and  is  better 
built  thah  that  at  Pillgerruh. 

Salem,  a  county  .of  New-Jerfey, 
bounded  eaft  by  Cumberland,  and  weft 
by  Delaware  river.  It  is.  divided  into 
9  townfliips)  thofe  on  Delaware  river 
are  generally  excellent  for  pafture,  and 
have  large  dairies.  The  land  affords, 
befides>  fine  banked  meadows,  which 
produce  flax,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and 
other  grain ;  but  the  people  are  fubje£t 
to  intermittent  fievers.  Here  the  (fa- 
kers have  4  meeting-houfes,  thi.  ?re7&y. 
terians  4,  the  Epifcopalians  »,  the  Ana- 
baptifts  3,  and  the  German  Lutherans 
one.  It  contains  10,437  inhabitants. 
Alloway  Creek,  in  this  county,  which 
runs  into  the  Delaware,  is  navigable  16 
miles  for  fliailops,  v/ith  leverai  obftruc- 
tions  of  diaw-bridges. 

Salbm,  a  poft-town  of  New-Jerfey, 
and  capital  01  Salem  co.  fituated  on  a 
branch  of  Saleih  Creek,  about  3|  miles 
from  its  confluence  with  Delaware  bay. 
It  contains  a  meeting-houfe  tor  Baptifts, 
one  for  Qjiakers,  and  one  for  Method  > 
ifts;  a  court -houfe,  gaol,  and  about 
100  houies,  molt  of  them  built  with 
brick,  and  many  of  them  elegant. 
There  is  a  wooden  bridge  over  the  creek, 
and  fo  far  velTels  of  40  or  50  tons  bur- 
den can  go  up.  It  is  xo  miles  north- 
weft  of  Bridgetown,  1 1  Ibuth  by  wt ft 
of  Woodftown,  and  37  fouth-weft  by 
fouth  of  Philadelphia. 

Salem, -a  townftiip  of  Vermont,  Or- 
leans  co.  at  the  Ibuth  end  of  Lake  Mcm- 
phremagog. 

Salbm,  Ne-w,a  townfttipin  Rocking- 
ham CO.  N.  Hampire^in  the  fouthrweft 


SAL  4«t 

comer  of  the  connty,  adjoirting  Plif- 
tow  it  A  divided  from  Methuen  by  tM 
Mo'  .  >0fetts  tine.  It  was  incorporated 
in  i75^t  tnd  contains  f«i 8  inhabitants | 
diftant  4s  miles  from  Portfmouth. 

Salbm,  a  port  of  entry  and  pofl- 
town  of  MafTachnfetts,  and  the  tapital 
of  Eflex  CO.  4  miles  north-weft  of  Mat" 
blehead,  19  north  by  eaft  of  Bofton« 
and  365  north-eaft  by  north  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  is  the  fecond  town  for  fiM 
in  the  Commonwealth,  containing  (in 
1790)  918  houl'es  and  7911  inhabitants^ 
and|  exc-pt  Plymouth,  the  oldeft,  was 
fettled  in  i6t8,  by  Governor  Endicot, 
and  was  called  by  the  Indians,  Naum- 
ktagi  Here  are  a  fociety  of  Quakers^ 
an  Epifcopal  church,  and  5  Congrega- 
tional Ibcietiest  The  town  is.  fituated 
on  a  peninfula,  formed  by  two  fmall  in- 
lets of  the  fea,  called  North  and  South 
rivers.  The  former  of  thefe  pafles  in- 
to Beverly  harbour,  and  has  a  draw- 
bridge acrofs  it,  built  many  years  ago 
at  private  expence*  At  this  place  foma 
part  of  the  mipping  of  the  town  is  fit* 
ted  out ;  but  the  principal  harbour  and 
place  for  bufmefs  is  on  the  other  fide 
of  the  town,  at  South  river,  if  that  may 
properly  be  called  a  river  which  depends 
on  the  flowing  of  the  fea  for  the  water 
it  contains.  So  (Jioal  is  this  harbour^ 
that  vefl*els  which  draw  more  than  10  or 
1 1  feet  of  water,  muft  be  laden  and  mi- 
laden  at  a  diftance  from  the  wharves  hf  ■ 
the  aftiftance  of  lighters.  Notwith- 
ftanding  this  inconvenience,  more  navi- 
gation is  owned,  and  more  trade  car- 
ried on  in  Salem,  than  in  any  port  in 
the  Commonwealth,  Bufton  excepted. 
The  fiftiery,  the  trade  to  the  Weft-In- 
dies, to  Europe,  to  the  coaft  of  Africa, 
to  the  Eaft.Indies,  and  the  freighting 
bufinefs  from  the  fouthem  States,  ara 
here  all  purlited  with  energy  and  fpirit. 
A  bank  w:>s  eftabliftied  and  incorpora- 
ted here  in  179*.  The  entcrprife  of 
the  merchants  of  this  place  is  equalled 
by  noth'.ng  but  their  indefatigable  in- 
duftry  and  fevere  economy.  This  lat- 
ter virtue  foims  a  diftint^iiifliing  feature 
in  the  chai-ac^ler  of  the  people  of  this 
town.  Some  perlbns  of  rank,  intormer 
times,  having  carried  ir  to  an  unbecom- 
ing length,  ^ave  a  chara6fer  to  the  peo- 
ple in  general,  of  a  difgraceful  pailimo* 
ny.  But  whether  this  reproach  was  cv^ 
jiiftly  applied  in  lb  txtenfive  a  meafure 
or  not,  nothini^  <ian  ba  mora  injoii- 

H  h  «tit 


4U  SAt 

out  than  lo  continue  it  at  the  prelent 
time  I  for  it  may  juftly  be  faid  of  the  in- 
habitants of  Salem  at  this  day,  that» 
with  a  laudable  attention  to  the  acqiii- 
fition  of  property,  they  exhibit  a  public 
l}ririt  and  bofpitality,  alike  honourable 
to  themfelvea  and  their  country.    A 

general  plainncfs  and  neatnefi  in  drefs, 
uildingt  and  et^oipase,  and  aceitain 
ftillneft  and  gravity  of  manner,  perhaps 
in  fome  degree  peculiar  to  commercial 
people,  difttnguilh  them  from  the  citi- 
zens oF  the  metropolis.     It  is  indeed  to 
lie  widied  that  the  fober  induftry  here 
£o  univerfally  pra6lired,  may  become 
more  extenlive  through  the  Union,  and 
form  the  national  clmraAer  of  Federal 
Americans.     A  court-ho>ife,  built  in 
1786,  at  the  joint  eypenfeef  the  coun- 
ty and  town,  forms  a  principal  orna- 
ment, and  is  executed  in  a  ftyle  of  ar- 
chite£hire  that  would  add  to  the  ele- 
gance of  any  chy  in  the  Union.    The 
lupreme  judicial  court  holds  a  term 
here  the  fecond  Tuefday  of  November, 
the  courts  of  common  pleas  and  fef- 
fions,  the  fecond  Tuefday  of  March 
and   September.     A  manufa6loiy   of 
duck  and  fail- cloth  was  lately  inftituted 
here,  and  in  prolectited  with  much  fpirit. 
The  melancholy  dehifion  of  1692,  re- 
fpeAing  witchcraft,  originated  in  thif 
town,  in  the  family  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Paris,  the  then  minifter,  and  here  was  the 
principal  theatre  of  the  bloody  buiinels. 
At  the  upper  end  of  the  town,  at  a  place 
called,  from  the  number  of  executions 
which  took  place  there,  CaUonus  Hill, 
the  graves  of  the  unhappy  I'uffertrs  may 
yet  be  traced.  Though  this  unfortunate 
and    difgracefnl  bulmefs    was   chiefly 
tranfafted  here,  it  is  we'l  known  that 
the  leading  people,  both  of  church  and 
State,  in  the  colony,  took  an  a£tive  part 
in  it.     UnjuA  therefore  and  highly  ab- 
furd  it  is  to  fix  a  peculiar  odium  on  the 
town  of  Salem  for  what  was  the  general 
weakncfs  or  crime  of  the  country.  The 
town  of  Salem  is  connected  with  Biver- 
ly  by  Eflex  bridge,  upwards  of  1  500 
net  in  length,  erc^cd  in  1789.     It  is 
Jiigh  water  here,  at  full  and  change,  3c 
tninutes  after  1 1  u'clork.^    The  works 
for  the  t'efence  of  the  harbour  conijit 
pf  a  fort  and  citadel.     A  gate  remains 
to  be  made,  and  fome  repairs  to  tht- 
walls.    Salem  village;    lee  Danvers. 
ti.  lat.  42.  30.  W.  long.  70.  50. 

|Ai.«M«  a  towoOup  in  WcU-ChdUr 


CO.  New  York,  bounded  n&ttW  tnd 
foutherly  by  the  State  of  ConneAtcut, 
and  wefterlv  by  Poundridge  and  Bed* 
ford  townftiips  and  Croton  river.  It 
contains  1453  inhabitants)  of  whom 
soa  are  ele6lors,  and  19  (laves. 

Salem,  a  townfhip  on  the  £.  boundS' 
of  Wafliington  co.  New  York,  bound, 
ed  wefterly  by  Argyle,  and  foutherly 
by  Albany  co.  It  contains  «,i  86  inha- 
bitants }  of  whom  36t  are  elcAors,  and' 
22  flaves. 

Salkm,  the  name  of  two  townfliipsp 
of  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Luzerne  co. 
the  other  in  that  of  Wellmoreland. 

Salem,  a  poft-town  of  North-Caro« 
lina,  Stokes  co.  on  the  W.  fide  of  Wackr 
Creek,  which,  with  other  dreams,  forms 
the  Gargalis,  and  empties  into  Yadkin 
river.  It  contains  above  s<oo  houfes, 
regularly  builty  and  chiefly  occupied  by  ' 
tradefmen.  A  paper-mill  has  been 
erected  here  by  the  Moravians,  which 
is  veiy  ufeful.  The  Moravians  formed 
this  fettlement  in  1766.  It  is  16  n^iles 
S.  E.  of  Ararat  or  Pilot  mountain,li; 
N.  E.byN.of  Salifbury,and  531  S.  W^ 
by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Salem,  the  chief  town  of  Surry  co. 
in  Salilbury  diflri£l,  North-Carolina. 

Saxford,  Vppfr  and  LewtTf  two 
townfliips  in  Montgomery  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

Salgado,  a  river  on  the  S.  coaft  of 

Brazil,^  1 3  leagues  N.  £.  of  Rigo  Lagoa 

de  Sal,  or  Salt  Lake  river.  It  is  navigable 

only  for  fmall  boats,  but  the  harbour  is 

I  very  good,  lying  behind  the  fands. 

Salinas,  on  the  weft  fliore  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico^  lies  notthward  of  Pa- 
nuco  river,  and  nearly  under  the  tropic 
of  Cancer.    W.  long.- 99.  30. 

Salinas,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  Ter- 
ra Firma,  lies  oppofite  the  N.  W.  point 
of  the  ifland  of  Trinidad,  which  forms 
the  paflage  called  the  Gulf  of  Paria  f 
30  leagues  S.  or  S.  bv  W.  from  Cape 
Tres  Puntas,  or  Th  «  Points. 

Salinas  Gulf,  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Mexico,  N.  W.  of  the, ifland  of  Cano, 
which  is  N.  N.  W.^  of  Cape  Baruco, 
The  ifland  Cano  is  in  lat.  8.  40.  N. 

Salinas,  Great,  or  Salt  Bay,  on  tha 
coaft  of  Brazil,  is  fouth-eaft  of  Caps 
Cors.  The  entrance  into  the  harbour 
>!>  in  lat.  3. 40.  fuuth,  and  N.  E.^  trom  its 
mouth,  lie  Salinas  Shoals,  or  Baxos  de 
Salina.  It  is  a  noted  harbour  for  (hipa- 
comiBgt^lpgdiiUu 

HAUNAly 


fiAt 

iALiMAt,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft  of 
Penif  between  Panridge  Strandt  and 
Ouacot  vhich  diftance  is  ix  miles  north 
of  the  Rock  called  Maltefi,  the  outer- 
moft  of  that  gtoup  of  rocks.  This 
harbour  affords  nothing  but  flicker. 

Salinas,  a  point  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  has  to  the 
N.  N.  W.  the  celebrated  bay  of  Ocoa, 
which  laft  is  tS  leagues  W.  S.  W.  of 
the  city  of  St.  Domingo. 

Salinas  Shoab,  due  north  from  the 
(hore  of  the  north  coaft  of  Brazil  ix 
miles,  but  are  joined  to  it  hy  a  reef  of 
iand  la  miles  in  length,  and  about  half 
a  mile  in  breadth ;  and  on  which  no 
large  fliips  muft  venture.  They  lie  off 
the  harbour  of  Salinas ;  and  ought  to 
be  attended  tc  by  fliips  that  come  out  to 
the  N.  E.  from  that  harbour. 

SALiNfi,  a  hamlet,  commonly  called 
^e  Satinet  in  Louifiana,  fituated  on  the 
weft  bank  of  the  river  Miflifippi,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  creek,  4  miles  below  St. 
Genevieve.  Here  all  the  fait  is  made 
which  is  ufed  in  the  Illinois  country, 
from  a  fait  fpring  which  is  at  this  place. 
It  is  near  o  miles  S.  W.  by  S.  from  Kaf- 
kalkias  village. 

Salinas,  a  bay  near  the  S.  E.  point 
of  the  ifland  of  Martinico,  and  weftward 
of  *ht  point  fo  called. 

Salisbury,  a  fertile  diftrift  of  N. 
Carolina,  which  comprehends  the  coun- 
ties of  Rockingham,  Guilford,  Mont- 
? ornery,  Stokes,  Suny,  Iredell,  Rowan, 
labarras,  and  Mecklenburg.  .  It  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  State  of  Virginia, 
and  S.  by  the  State  of  S.  Carolina.  Iron 
ore  is  found  in  feveral  parts,  and  works 
have  been  ere£led  which  manufa£lure 
pigt  bar-iron,  &c.  to  a  confiderable 
amount  j  tobacco  of  pood  quality  is 
cultivated  here,  and  the  planters  are 
wealthy.  It  contains  66,480  inhabi- 
tants, of  whom  only  8,138  are  Haves. 

Salisbury,  thecapital  of  the  above 
^iftri£l,  and  a  poft-town,  is  fituated  in 
Rowan  co.  on  the  N.  W.  fide  of  Cane 
Creek,  about  5  miles  from  its  junction 
with  Yadkin  river.  It  contains  a  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  about  100  houfes.  It 
$s  a  flourifliing  place,  in  the  midft  of  a 
£ne  country,  and  lies  about  15  miles  S. 
of  the  Moravian  fettleftients,  «ii  W.  S. 
W.  of  Halifax,  1 10  W.  S.  W.  of  Hillf- 
borough,  144  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Fayette- 
▼ille,  and  567  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 


€kintv%Y,  a  towniiilp  !n  Eflex  oe. 
Maflachuietts  I  is  divided  into  two  pa> 
riflies.  The  moft  ancient,  fettlcmcnt  ia 
this  town  !•  in  the  lower  pariih,  at 
which  place  the  seneral  court  of  th« 
former  province  of  Mafliichufetts  Bay 
was  fometimes  held.  The  part  of  tlm 
town  at  prefent  moft  flouriihing,  is  a 
point  of  land  formed  by  the  junftion  of 
fferrimack  and  Powow  rivers.  Hert 
is  a  village  very  pleafantlv  fituated  on 
the  bank  of  the  Merrimack,  whercf  be- 
fore the  revolution  war,  fliip-building 
was  carried  on  to  a  confiderable  extent* 
which,  though  now  much  decreafcd,  ii 
ftill  not  wholly  laid  afidej  and  thisi, 
with  its  auxiliary  trades,  and  fome  little 
navigation,  owned  and  fitted  here,  give 
the  place  a  very  lively  and  bufy  appear> 
ance.  The  continental  fricate  Autaace, 
was  built  at  this  place,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Hacket,  a  very  refpeAabl^ 
naval  architefl.  It  is  between  3  and  4 
miles  northerly  of  Newbury-Poit,  and 
46  N.  E.  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpora- 
ted in  1640,  and  contains  1780  innabi- 
tants.     See  Powow  River.    ' 

Salisbury,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont* 
on  Otter  Creek,  in  Addifon  co.  Trout 
Pond,  or  lake  Dunmore,  5  miles  long* 
and  1  broad,  is  in  this  town.  It  con- 
tains 446  inhabitants,  and  is  ij  milef 
E.  by  N.  of  Mount  Independence. 

Salisbury,  a  confiderable  agricul- 
tural townfliip  in  Hilifborough  co.  New- 
Hamplhire.  It  is  fituated  on  the  wel^ 
fide  of  Merrimack  river,  at  the  mouth 
of  Blackwater  river,  and  oppofite  to 
Canterbury}  10  or  xa  miles  northerly 
of  Concord.  It  was  incorpoiated  ii| 
1768,  and  contains  137a  inhabitants. 

Salisbury,  the  W'iaHae  of  the  In* 
dians,  is  the  north-weftemmoft  town* 
fliipof  ConneAicut,  Litchfield  co.  hav- 
ing Maffachufetts  N.  and  New- York 
weft.  Here  are  feveral  forges  and  iron- 
works, and  a  paper-mill.  During  thd 
late  war  feveral  pieces  of  cannon  were 
caft  in  this  town. 

Salisbury,  a  town  of  Delaware* 
Newcaftle  co.  on  the  north  fide  of  Duck 
Creek,  on  the  fouth  line  of  the  county  j 
9{  miles  S.  £.  of  Noxtown,  and  la 
N.  W.  of  Dover. 

Salisbury,  the  name  of  two  town- 
flilps  in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Lan- 
caftei:  CO.  the  other  in  that  of  North- 
ampton. 
SALisBURYi  a  poft-tQwa  of  Mary- 


ilf  SAL 

iandi  fitmted  on  the  eatcm  fliore  of 
Cbcfapeak  Bay*  in  Somerfet  coqnty»  be> 
twcen  tb«  two  principal  branchea  of 
Wicomico  river.  It  contains  about  30 
houfra,  and  carries  on  a  confiderabK- 
lumber  trade.  It  is  5  miles  (buth  of  the 
Delaware  State  line,  10  N.  W.  of  Snow- 
Hill,  15  S.W.  of  Vienna,  a  port  of  entry, 
and  163  S.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Salisbury,  a  fmall  town  of  Vir. 
cinia,  a6  miles  from  Alexandria,  so 
nrom  Leeft>urg,  and  iSa  front  Phihdel- 
phia. 

Salisbury,  an  ifland  at  the  weft 
end  of  Hudfon's  Straits,  eaft  of  Not- 
tingham Ifland.  N.  lat.  63. 19.  W.  long. 

76.  47. 

Salisbury  Ptint  forms  the  north 
(irle  of  the  mouth  of  Merrimack  river, 
or  Newbury  harbour,  in  Malliichufetts. 
N.  lat.  41.  49.  W.  long.  70.  54. 

Sallagua,  a  harbour  on  the  weft 
conft  of  New  Mexico,  which  affoixis 
good  anchorage.  N.  lat.  18.  5s.  See 
Salagua, 

Salmon,  Fa//,  the  name  of  Pifca- 
taqua  river  from  its  head  to  the  Lower 
Falls  at  Berwick.  See  Fafcgta^ua 
River, 

Salmon  FaBi,  in  Saco  river,  on  the 
Kne  between  the  Diftri£l  of  Maine  and 
the  State  of  New-HampO*'  e,  10  miles 
ibove  Saco  Falls.  The  number  of 
faw-mills  on  the  river  has  neither  de- 
ftroycd  or  leflened  the  quantity  of  fal- 
mon  in  it.  The  mill-dams  do  not  ex- 
tend aerofs  the  river,  and  there  is  a 
euriofity  in  (eehig  the  exertion  of  thefe 
fifli  in  making  their  way  up  the  falls  i 
when  the  fun  Ihines  clear  ni  (he  morn- 
ing, they  are  frequently  feen  engaged 
!n  this  enterprife,  moving  from  one 
rock  to  another,  and  refting  on  each, 
in  feite  of  the  cataraft  which  oppofes 
their  prpgrefs,  until  they  have  gained 
the  ftill  watersttibove. 

Salmon  Poitrt,  6n  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Newfoundland,  and  N.  E. 
of  Claune  Point,  which  is  the  north  en- 
trance into  Conception  Bay. 
■  Salt  Jflatid,  one  of  the  fmaller  Vir- 
gin IflfS,  and  weft  of  CoOper*s  Ifland. 
N.  lar.  SI.  30.  W.  long.  71.  3. 

Salt  I^J,  on  the  louth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  off  Old  Harbour, 
and  N.  N.  E.  uf  Portland  Point. 

Salt  Key,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  W. 

Indies.  N.lat.  si.  30.  W.  long.  71.  3. 

$Ai.T  Pond  Bqyt  on  tlie  foHlh  coaft 


SAL 

of  the  ifland  of  JanMic«f  eaftward  of 
Port  Royal. 

Salt  Laht  in  the  Statt  of  New* 
York.    Sec  OmiuUigo  Lake. 

Salt  Xiawr,  in  Kentucky,  is  formed 
by  three  principal  braiQches,  and  emp. 
ties  through  the  fouth  eaft  bank  of  the 
Uhio,  by  a  mouth  to  yards,  according 
to  others,  150  yards  wide)  «o  miles 
below  the  Rapids.  It  ia  navigable  for 
boats  about  60  miles.  It  lias  good 
lands  on  its  head  waters,  but  they  are 
low  and  unhealthy  ;  for  S5  miles  from 
its  month,  the  land  on  each  fide  is  level 
and  poor,  and  abounds  with  ponds. 
Between  Salt  and  Green  rivers  there  are 
two  fprings  of  bitumen,  which,  when 
analyzed,  is  found  to  be  amber. 

Salt  Rivtrt  on  the  north  fliore  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  nearly  due  fouth 
from  Point  Galina. 

Salt  River,  the  arm  of  the  Tea 
which  feparates  the  ifland  of  Cauda- 
loupe,  in  the  Weft- Indies  into  two  parts, 
and  communicatea  with  the  ocefui  on 
both  fldes  of  the  ifland.  It  i9  two 
ieagues  in  length  ^  a  5  or  1 6  paces  broad . 
The  navigation  is  hazardous,  nor  will 
it  admit  veflels  above  a  5  tons. 

Salta,  a  town  of  South- America, 
two-thirds  of  the  way  from  Buenos 
Ayres  to  Potoii  j  where  iinmenfe  num- 
bers of  cattle  winter,  and  are  fattened 
on  their  way  to  Potofi. 

Salta,  a  town  of  South  America, 
in  the  province  of  Tucumau,  sS  miles 
fouth  of  St.  Salvador.  It  contains  two 
churches,  four  mondfteries,  uid  about 
400  houfts.  It  is  a  place  of  great  re- 
fort  on  account  of  the  larg^e  quantities 
of  com,  meal,  wine,  cattle,  fait,  meat, 
fiit,  hides,  and  other  comroodilies,  which 
are  lent  from  this  place  to  mott  parts  of 
Pern.  S.  lat.  %$.  «o.  W.  long.  66. 30. 
SALtASH,  a  townftiip  of  Veimont, 

Windlbrco.  is  miles  weft  of  Windfor, 

It  contains  106  inhabitants. 
Salt  Lick  7'ewn  lies  18  miles  belovr 

the  Iburce  of  Big  Beaver  Creek,  and  34 

nbove  the  Mahoning  town.     See  Big, 

Beaver  Creek, 
Salt  Pttre  Creek,  in  Baltimore  co. 

Maryland,  falU .  into  Gunpowder  river 

on  the  weftern  fide )  14  miles  E.  N.  £. 

of  Baltimore,  in  north  lat.  39.  «o. }  and 

nearly  s  miles  north- wefterly  from  the 

weftern  point  of  Gunpowder  Neck. 
Salt  Spring  River,  in  thcN.  W. 

Territory,  rifes  near  the  E.Uoe  of  the 
••■-•'••  -    'New- 


^1 


SAL 

New-  Jnfey  Company*!  lands,  and  rutit' 
f<)uth>ca(|ward  into  Ohio  river,  lo  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  theW«bafti,and  near. 
Iv  30,  by  (he  courre  of  the  river,  above 
tne  Great  Cave.  It  runs  above  56  milcs| 
and  10  miles  from  its  mouth  is  the  fait 
fpring,  which  gives  name  to  the  river. 

Salvda,  a  river  of  8.  Carolina, 
which  I'lfes  on  the  borders  of  N.  Caro- 
lina,  and,  taking  a  8.  E.  courl'e,  joint 
Broad  river  at  the  townihip  of  CoIum> 
bia,  and  forms  the  Congaree. 

Saxut,  Par/,  lies  on  the  S.  W.  fide 
of  the  8.  peninfula  of  the  ifluid  of  St. 
Domingo )  about  14  leagues  i'rom  Let 
Caves,  u  if  the  road  runt,  and  only  7  in  a 
ftraight  line  S.  W.  of  that  town.  N. 
lat.  1 8.  6.  W.  long.  76.  10. 

Salv  'vdorb,  St.  a  town  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Fucnman,  in  S.  Anwrlca,  and 
near  the  borders  of  Peru.  It  lies  at  the 
foot  of  a  high  mountain,  which  forms 

Sart  of  tlie  eaftem  chain  of  the  Andes. 
L  little  above  the  town  is  a  confiderable 
river,  which  afterwards  empties  Into  the 
river  Leon.  It  has  about  )oo  houfes, 
and  is  63  leagues  N.  of  St.  Jago  del  Ef- 
tero.  S.  lat.  14.  is.  W.  long.  66. 17. 

Salt  ADOR,  St,  a  fmall  city  of  New. 
Mexico,  in  the  province  of  Guatimala, 
on  a  river  is  mUes  from  the  ocean.  It 
has  few  houfes,  and  little  trade.  On  the 
N.  fide  of  it,  are  lofty  mountains,  called 
the  Chantalet*  inhabited  by  poor  In- 
dians. In  the  bottom,  where  the  town 
ftands,  are  plantations  of  fugar-canes  and 
indigo,  with  a  fer-"  fainis  for  rearing  'Cat- 
tle.    N.  lat.  13.5.  W.  long.  90.  3. 

Salv  ADORE,  ji/.  thecapital  of  Brazil, 
in  S.  Atnerica,  called  ulfo  the  city  of  the 
Bay,  is  within  tlie  Ipacious  Bay  of  All 
Saints,  which  is  itill  of  fruiituil  ifleb. 
This  city,  which  has  a  noble,  Tpacious, 
and  commodious  hat^our,  is  built  on  a 
high  and  fteep  rock,  having  the  lea  upon* 
one  fide,  a  Ine^e  forming  a  crc'.cent  on 
the  other.  The  Atuation  makes  it  in  a 
manner  impregnable  by  narure,  and  it 
has  ver}'  ftrong  fortifications.  It  is  po- 
pulous, magnificent,  and  beyond  com- 
pariibn,  the  moii  gayand  opulent,  in  all 
Brazil.  Vaft  quantities  of  Aigar  arc; 
made  in  its  neighbourhood.  8.  hi:.*  13. 
15.W.  long37,  55'  Sec  All  Saints  Baj. 

Salvadorb  de  Bayamo,  St.  a 
town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  on  a  river 
which  runs  into  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Bayamo,  about  30  miles  N.  W.  by  W. 
•f  the  town. 


d  A  M  4f  ^ 

Salyadohb,  St.  or  Ciuumiam,  or 
Cat  yUuid\  which  fee. 

Salvaob,  a  dry  rock  oiFCape  Ann, 
on  the  coaft  of  Maflachufetts.  When  it 
bears  S.  E.  %  leagues  diftant,  you  have 
6  leagues  N.  W.  to  NcY'bury.Port  bar, 
and  N.  I  W.  11  leagues  to  Portfmouth. 
N.  }  E.  8  leagues  to  Ule  of  Shoals. 

Salvatbon  dt  Tgufy,  a  fmall  tovm 
in  the  iflnnd  of  St.  Donungo,  s8  leagues 
E.  of  the  city  of  St.  Domingo.  It  is 
famous  for  its  fugar-works  and  lunvi- 
ant  padures,  in  which  a  vaft  number  of 
cattle  feed.  It  is  alfo  called  Hig^,  or 
Alta  Gratia  {  which  fee. 

Samana,  a  large  bay  at  the  E.  end 
of  the  iiland  of  St.  Domiitgo.     It  opens 
to  the  N.  E.  between  Cape  Samana, 
(which  is  alio  called  Cape  Refon  or  Cape 
Grondeur)  on  the  N.  and  Cape  Ra> 
phael  fouth.eaftof  the£ormer,7  leagues 
apart.     Its  mean  breadth  is  about  five 
leagues,  and  its  length  20  leagues.  Some 
mariners  reckon  Pointe  d'Icaque,  or  lea* 
que  Point,  as  the  fouthem  point  of  tha 
bay,  which  comes  after  Cape  Raphael, 
and  is  only  1 3  leagues  from  the  head  of 
the  bay,  and  lies  in  lat.  19,  s.  N.  and 
long.  71.  35.W.  of  Paris.    This  bay 
offers  a  fafe  (helter  to  the  ftouteft  iqua> 
drons.     Lying  to  the  windward  of  tlie 
ifland,  it  has  the  advantage  over  all  th« 
other  places  as  a  maritime  poft,  which 
lenders  it  capable  of  proteAing  the 
whole  gulf  of  Mexico,  to  which  it  is 
in  reality  a  key.    The  enuance  is  dif- 
ficult, and  very  narrow ;  becaufe  from 
the  fouthtrn  iidc  of  its  opening,  nms  a 
breaker,  which  advances  in  a  point  to- 
wards Port  Ban!  ftcr,  and  between  which, 
and  the    northern    coaft,    nature    has 
placed  the  rock  or  fhallow,  called  the 
Rebels.  This  rock  narrows  the  entrance, 
(o  that  between  it  and  the  land,  foini- 
irg  the  fi.  fide,  in  the  interior  of  the 
ha.y,  there  Is  little  more  than  800  fa- 
thoms.    Thus  a  battery  on  (hore,  and 
another  on  the  rock,  the  Rel/els  would, 
by   their  crois    fire,  completely  defend 
the  entrance  againft  even   the  fmalleft 
veflels ;  and  a  battery  on  the  other  fide 
of  the  Rebels  would  tfFeflually  prevent 
any    veflel   troin   enteririg    between    it 
and  the  breakers.     See  Old  Cape  Fran- 
cois. 

Samba  Bay,  or  Zamba,  on  th?  N* 
coali  of  the  S]>ani(h  Main,  or  Terra 
Firma,  in  S.  America,  is  W.  -ot  St. 
Martha's  river. 


Hhj 


jSambailas, 

■    ■      0. 


4^ 


SAM 


Samiallai,  ft  rocky  poinr  renuirk-  I 
My  long  and  low,  on  the  N.  (Ide  of 
the  Jfthmui  of  Diiricn,  which  U  To 
cuanled  with  roekt  and  (hoalt,  that  it 
!■  very  danareroui  coming  near  it.  N. 
lat.  9.  40.  W.  long.  7S.  43. 

Samballas,  a  multitude  of  fmall 
Klandt,  (caitered  at  very  unequal  dif- 
tances  ibme  only  i,  fome  t,  Tome  3,  and 
fbme  4  miles  from  the  (hore,  and  from 
each  other,  exitndine  a  confiderable 
diftance  along  the  nortnern  (hore  of  the 
Ifthmui  of  Darkn,  .ind  with  the  adja^- 
cent  countrvi  its  hills  and  forefts  of 
per)ietual  verdure,  form  a  charming 
profpeft  from  the  Tea.  There  arc  na- 
▼iganje  channels  between  mod  of  the 
idaiids,  through  which  (hips  may  pafs, 
mnd  range  the  coaft  of  the  ifinmus  i 
the  fca  between  them  and  the  fliore 
l>eing  navigable  from  one  end  to  the 
other,  and  affords  every  whei-e  good 
anchorage  in  firm  Tandy  ground,  with 

riandine  either  on  the  iflaiids  or 
main.  Moft  of  thefe  iHands  are 
low,  flat,  and  fandy,  covered  with  a 
variety  of  trees,  and  abound  with  fliell- 
fifh  of  feveral  kinds.  Some  o^  them  af. 
ford  fprings  of  frelh  water,  and  conve- 
nient careening  places.  The  long  chan- 
nel between  the  Samballas  Iflands  and 
the  ifthmus  it  from  1  to  4  miles  in 
'  'breadth,  extending  from  Poinft  Sambal- 
las to  the  Gulf  of  Darien  and  the  coaft 
of  the  ifthmus,  full  of  fandy  bays,  with 
many  ftreams  of  water. 

Samborough,  Cafe  and  I/laaJ,  on 
the  S.  coaft  of  Nova-  Scotia,  and  weft- 
ward  of  Chebu£to  bay  and  harbour,  on 
which  is  a  light-houfe  for  the  dire^ion 
of  Ihips,  in  lat.  44.  30.  N.  and  long.  63. 
32.  W.  High  water  at  full  and  change 
at  8  o'clock. 

'  Samganoodha,  or  SamnaHood/fa,  a 
harbour  on  the  N.  E.  fide  of  Oonalafti- 
ka  Ifland,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N. 
Amerii-n,  10  miles  E.  of  Egooftiak  bay. 
Ships  can  lie  here  landlocked  from  all 
winds  in  7,  6,  and  4  fathoms  water. 
It  abounds  with  hallibut,  falmon,  &c. 
N.  lat.  53.  55.  W.  long.  166.  30.  15. 

Samilitam,  ariver  01.  the  W.  coaft 
of  Ntw  Mexico,  12  miles  horn  Point 
Artela  ou  one  fide,  and  6  farther  to  Co' 
palitn  river.  At  its  mouth  is  an  Indian 
town,  where  n  fliip's  company  may  find 
provifions  and  frefti  water. 

Samptown,  a  village  in  Middlefex 
co«  New- Jcrfey,  a^  mile»  Nt  £•  of  Quib- 


bictown,  above  43  S.  welUrljr  of  Slug* 
bcthtown. 

Sampson,  a  co.  of  Fayette  diftrIA, 
N.  Carolina,  bounded  N.  by  Johnfon 
CO.  and  S.  by  Bladen.  It  contains  6,065 
inhabitants, including  i,it3flavcs.  The 
court  .houfe,  where  a  poft-oflke  Is  kept^ 
is  36  miles  from  Fayetteville,  a3  from 
Crofs  Roads,  near  UupUn  court. houfc^ 
and  543  from  Philadelphia. 

Sam  PUT  A|  a  town  of  Mexico.  Set 
Angelot. 

Samballet  Polnti  near  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Daricn,  and  N.  W.  of  thii 
Ifland  of  Pines.  It  is  i»  miles  eaft. 
ward  of  Port  Scrivan. 

SANBORNTOWN,atownfhipofNew. 
Hamplhire,  Strafford  co.  fituated  on  th4 
point  of  land  at  the  confluence  of  Win- 
nipifiogee  and  PcmigewaiTet  rivers.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1760,  and  contains 
1 587  inhabitants.  In  this  town  is  th« 
appearance  of  an  Indian  fortrefs,  con. 
fiiling  of  5  diftinA  w^lls,  .one  within  th« 
other.  Some  pieces  of  baked  earthen 
ware  have  been  found  here,  from  whictii 
it  is  fuppofed  that  the  Indians  bad  learn- 
ed the  potter's  art. 

Sancoty  Head,  the  E.  point  of 
Nantucket  Ifland,  on  th^  coaft  of  Maflii* 
cbufette.  N.  lat.  41.15.  W«Iong.69.58« 

Sanctos  Bahia,  or  5'«M/V  Bin,  011 
t)ie  coaft  of  Brazil,  where  the  land  lies 
due  £.  and  W.  for  ao  leagues.  The 
city  of  Saints  or  dos  Sah^s  is  fituated 
on  an  ifland  called  Aniay,  on  the  W« 
fide  of  the  entrance  into  the  harbour,  aa 
alfo  the  town  of  St.  Vincent.  S.  lu,  24. 
W.  long.  4j.  15. 

Sanooate,  a  mountainous  town< 
(hip  of  Bennington  co.  Vermont,  18 
miles  N.  of  Bennington.  It  contain^ 
773  inhabitants. 

Sand-Hill  Bajf,  is  on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  peninfula,  at  the  S.  £.  end  of  the  if- 
land of  St.Chriftopher's,intheW.Indie9. 

Sandisfibld,  a  hilly  townfliip  io 
Berkfliire  co.  feparated  from  Litchfield 
CO.  in  Connecticut  by  the  fouth  State 
line;  iimilesS.by  E,  of  thefhire-towu, 
and  135  W.  by  S.  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1762,  and  contains  1581 
inhabitants. 

Sanoown,  a  townfliip  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.  New-Hamplhire,  was  taken 
from  Kingfton  and  incorporated  in 
1756  ;  and  contains  561  inhabitants. 

Sandusky,  fort  in  the  N.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, fituated  on  tbe  ibutb  6d9  of  th« 

bay 


tfAVf 

\)if  of  tht  Aim  name,  »t  the  fouth*wtil 
«ttil  of  Lake  Eric. 

SAMDViK Y  Lah,  or  Bmjt  at  the  foitth* 
weftern  fide  of  Lake  Eric,  i«  a  gulf  fliap- 
fd  like  a  (hoe.  and  entered  from  tKe 
Jake  by  a  very  Ihort  and  narrow  ftrait. 
It*  length  ii  1 7  mile*,  it* greatcft  breatlth 
7  milei.  from  the  north<weft  part  of 
thii  lake,  there  {•  a  portage  of  only  a 
mile  and  a  qiiarter  to  Portage  river,  a 
fmall  river  which  mnt  into  Lake  Erie. 
The  fort  ftandt  oppofite  to  rhegiit.  N. 
lat.  41.  51.  W.  long.  8}.  %,  30. 

Sandusky  Rwtrt  a  navigable  water 
of  the  N.  W*  TetriCory,  which  rifet 
.near  a  branch  of  the  Great  Miami,  be- 
tween which  is  a  portage  of  9  mile*.  It 
purfuet  a  north-ealt  courfcand  empties 
into  (he  (buth  weft  corner  of  Sandiiflcy 
Lake.     The  Indians,  by  the  treaty  of 

Eeace  at  Greenville,  Aiiguft  3, 1795, 
ave  ceded  to  the  United  States  a  tra£t  of 
land  6  miles  (quare  upon  Sanduflcy  Lak^, 
vrhere  a  tort  tormerly  flood,  and  two 
miles  fquare  at  the  Lower  Rapids  of 
Sanduflcy  river.  It  is  a  confiderable river, 
with  level  land  on  its  bank,  its  ftream 
gentle  all  the  way  to  its  mouth,  wliere 
It  is  large  enough  to  receive  floops. 

Sandwich,  a  townlhipin  the  north- 
ern  part  of  Strafford  co.  N.  Hamufhire, 
noith  of  Winnipifiogee  Lake.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1763,  and  coQtatns  905 
inhabitants. 

Sandwich,  Mafrachufetts,  a  pofl- 
town  at  the  bottom  of  Cape  Cod,  in 
Barnftahle  co.  It  extends  the  whole 
breadth  of  thecape,  and  is  1 8 miles S.E. 
of  Plymouth,  and  about  S9  miles  S.  of 
fiofton.  There  is  a  little  decent  group 
of  houfes,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  cape, 
and  a  pretty  flream  of  water  runnmg 
through  it?  Incorporated  1639;  inha- 
bitants 1 99'!.  It  is  near  the  place  where 
the  propoliid  canal  is  to  commence 
<from  BarnHable  to  Buzzard's  bay.  The 
Indian  town  Kitteaumut,  or  KatameU 
was  fituuted  on  Buzzard's  bay }  and 
Mannamit  was  the  name  of  a  place 
near  the  bottom  of  Buzzard's  bay. 
TThere  is  a  place  on  the  lame  bay,  on 
Sandwich  fide,  called  Pokefet,  ul'ually 
called  by  the  Indians  Poughkeefte,  It  is 
the  i'econd  parifli  in  S'>mdwich.  There 
is  an  Indian  territory,  called  Herring 
PoHd,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sand- 
wich, about  5  miles  N.  W.  from  this 
village,  and  fo  extending  from  thence 
along  fhore  to  MonunvDt  Fondly  all  w- 


«  AN  4*7 

eluded  within  the  townfhipof  Plymonth. 
It  contains  about  lao  fouls,  one  half  of 
whom  art  mixed.  The  Indian  name  of 
this  territory  is  not  generally  known. 
They  appear  to  have  been  confidcred 
nsadiflmft  tribe,  now  km  wn  by  th« 
nam  ■  of  the  Herring  Pond  Indians. 

Sandwich,  Anv,  a  pkntation  In 
Lincoln  co.  Diftrift  of  Mamct  contain- 
ing 197  inhabitants. 

Sandwich  Ifiamis,  a  group  of  iflandt 
in  the  South  Sea,  difcovered  uyCaptain 
Cook,  who  gave  them  the  above  namo 
in  honour  ofthe  Earl  of  Sandwich^  un- 
der whole  adminiftration  they  were  firft 
vifited.  They  confilt  of  1 1  iflands,  ex- 
tending in  .lat.  from  \i.  54.  to  ss.  1 5. 
N.  and  in  long,  from  150154.  to  160.14. 
W.  They  are  called  by  the  natives 
Owhyhce,  Mowee,  Ranat,  Morotinnee, 
Tahowrow^  Morotoi,  Waohoo,  Atooi* 
Neeheehow,  Onehoua,  and  Tahooraj 
all  inhabited,  except  Morotinnee  and 
Tahoora.  Befides  thefe,  the  natives  fpeak 
of  another,  lying  to  the  weft-fbuth-weft 
of  Tahoora }  which  is  'ow  and  fandVy 
and  vifited  only  fat  the  purpofe  of  catch- 
ing turtle  ana  ,fea-fowls.  As  they  do 
not  know  of  any  others,  it  is  probable 
that  none  exift  m  their  neighbourhood. 
An  account  of  each  inhabit«l  ifland  will 
be  found  in  its  proper  place.  The  cli- 
mate differs  very  little  from  that  of  the 
Weft-India  iflands  in  the  fame  latitude. 
Upon  the  whole,  perhaps,  it  may  be 
more  temperate }  nor  are  there  any 
traces  of  thofe  violent  winds  and  hum- 
canes  which  render  the  ftormy  months 
in  the  Weft-Indies  fo  dreadful.  There 
is  alfo  more  rain  at  the  Sandwich  IfleSf 
where  the  mountainous  parts  being  ge- 
nerally enveloped  in  a  cloud,  fuccemve 
fhowers  fall  in  the  inland  parts,  with  fine 
weather,  and  a  clear  flcy,  at  the  Tea  fhore. 
Hence  it  is,  that  few  of  thofe  inconveni- 
ences to  which  many  tropical  countries 
are  fubjeft,  either  from  heat  or  moifture,* 
are  experienced  here.  The  winds,  in 
the  winter  months,  are  generally  from 
eaft-lbuth  eaft  to  north  eaft.  The  tides 
are  very  regiUar,  ebbing  and  flowing  6 
hours  each.  The  flood  comes  from  the 
eaftward  ;  and  it  is  high  water  at  the 
full  and  change  of  »he  moon,  45  minutes 
paft  3.  I'heir  greateft  rile  is  *  feet  7 
inches,  and  the  water  is  always  4  inches 
higher  when  the.  moon  is  above  the  ho- 
rizon than  when  fhe  is  below  it.  The 
vegetable   i^odu^ioos  are  nearly  the 

Wb  4  fa»e 


4tS  SAN 

fame  h  at  the  other  iflandt  in  th'ii  ocean. 
The  tare  root  it  of  a  Aiperior  quality. 
The  bread»fruit  trees  thrive  not  in  liich 
abundance  <a«  in  the  i  ;h  plains  of  Ota- 
keite,  but  produce  double  the  quantity 
of  »"ruit.    The  fugar-canes  are  of  a  vt:r\- 
unufual  iixe,  ibme  of  them  meafuiing  1 1 
inches  and  a  quarter  in  circumference, 
and  having  14  feet  eatable.     Inhere  is 
alio  a  root  of  a  brown  colour,  fliaped 
like^a  yam  and  from  6  to  lo  pounds  in 
weijjhr,  the  juice  of  which  is  veiy  fweet, 
of  a  plcafant  ta^c«  and  an  excellent  fub- 
ftit kite  for  fggar.     The  inhabitants  are 
undoubtedly  of  th^  Tame  race  that  pof 
iVflTc^s  the  i^ands  fontli  of  the  equator  } 
an«i  in  their  perfons,  language,  cuftoou 
and  manners,  approach  nearer  to  the 
New- ^slanders  than  to  their  lefs  tlif- 
tant  n^ighbour^,  either  of  the  Society 
or  Fiiendly  Iflands.     T)>ey  are  in  ge- 
neral above  the  middle  f»e,  and  yveli 
ipade.    I'hey  walk  very  gr^cef  1  •  lly,  run 
^  nimbly,  and  are  capable  of  bearing  veiy 
great  fatigue ;  although,  upon  ihe  wlioie, 
the  men  are  iowevhat  interior,  in  point 
of  ilrcngth  and  aiEtivity,  to  the  Friendly 
^flanders,  and  the  women  lefs  delicately 
£01  njcii  than  thole  of  Otaheite.     Their 
complexion  is  rather  darker  -than  that 
of  UicOtaheitans,  and  they  are  not  alto- 
gether  To  handfome  a  people.   However, 
many  of  both  fexes  have  fine  open  cnun- 
teiiaiiccft  i  the  women  in  particular  have 
good  eyes  and  teeth,  with  a  Iweetnefs 
and  fenfibiltty  of  Ipcjc,  that  rv^vler  them 
very  engaging.  Their  hair  is  of  a  b^  own- 
i/h  black )  neither  unitormly  Araight, 
like   that  of  the  American  Indians  ; 
nor  ti^iformly  curling,  an  among  thp 
negroes  of  AJrica.     There  is  cne  p;cu 
li^r  cnaraclcriftic  ot  this  great  nation, 
and  wliicli  is  alfo  prevalent  in  the  Friend 
ly  Inlanders,  that  evtn  in  the  handibmcil 
iaces  tlierc  is  a  fiillnefs  of  the  po(tril, 
without  any  flatiicls  or  fprc ading  of  the 
nofe.    This  may  probably  be  the  efte£l 
of  their  ufual  mode  of  falutation,  which 
is  by  preinng  the  ends  of  their  nofes  to> 
geilier.     The  fame  fupcriority  that  is 
obftrved    among    the     higher    rai.ks, 
through  all  the  other  iflands,  is  found 
here.  *  The  chiefs  are,  almoft  without 
exception,  pcrictlilly  wellforn  cd;  where- 
as  the  lever  fort,  befules  their  general 
inferiority,  are  liibjc|£l  to  all  the  variety 
of  make  and  figure  tliat  is  fcen  in  the 
populace  of  other  countries.   Tattooing 
l^e  body  it  mi^ch  pra^iied  here.    The 


SAN 

native*  rift  with  the  fun,  and,  after  en- 
joying the  cool  of  the  evening,  retire  to 
■  eft  a  few  hours  after  fun-let.  Their  in- 
If ruments  of  war  are  fpearr,  daggers, 
clubs,  and  flings.  The  dagger  is  a  wea- 
pon (ieculiar  to  themielves.  (t  it  from  i 
to  a  i«et  long,  made  of  heavy  black  wood 
refembling  ebony,  (harpened  at  one  or 
both  ends,  and  lecured  to  the  hand  by 
a  Itringp  Itt  ul'e  is  to  ftab-in  dole  fight, 
apd  it  it  well  adnpted  to  the  purpol'e. 
They  have  alio  the  knife  or  faw,  with 
w  )ich  tlit^  NcwZcalanders  cut  up  their 
fl.tdghtercd  enemies.  For  defipnuve  ar> 
mouf'  they  wear  Hirong  matt,  ^hich  are 
no(  eafily  penetrated  with  fitch  weapons 
as  tjijeir's. 

3ANDWf  CH,  or  Hetfwkes  Rin/ert'xt  two 
miles  within  Chebu6lo  Harbour,  in  No- 
va-Scotia. 

Sa)sow|ch,  a  fniall  river  at  the  bot- 
tom of  Barnftablc  Bay»  in  fiarndable  co, 
Maflkchulttts. 

Sandv  Bajt  at  the  £.  end  of  the 
ifland  of  jaiuuica ;  foythward  of  Mu- 
iauo  river,  and  6  miles  N*  of  Maucna- 
neel  Harbour. 

Sandy  Bajt  at  the  N.  W.  extremi- 
ty of  the  fame  ifland,  W.  of  Stoddard 
hay,  and  £.  of  Green  Ifland.  Littlt 
Sandv  Bay,  on  the  S.  £.  part  of  the 
ifland  is  about  a  league  W.  of  Pouit 
Morant.  Sa«f/y  Cays  lie  off  the  en- 
trance of  Port  Royal  Harbour. 

Sandy  Cofve,  to  the  north- wefl ward 
round  the  point  of  Cape  Ann,  en  the 
coaift  of  Maflachufettg,  aqd  lies  between 
two  head-land».  ii.  lat.  4a*  45.  W» 
long.  70.  30. 

S  A  N  D  Y  Harbour,  on  the  £ .  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Lucia,  near  the  S.  £.  poiqt 
of  the  ifland,  where  a  fmall  riyef  emp- 
ties into  the  ocean. 

Sandy  HfU,  a  fmal}  delightful  village 
in  New- York  State,  two  milef  nortn  of' 
Foit  £dward,  on  a  high  hill,  overlook- 
ing Hudfon's  river  from  the  eaft. 

Sandy  Hook,  or  Peitft,  in  the  town- 
fhipot  Middleton,  in  New-J^rfey,  formti 
a  capacious  harbour,  thence  and  front 
the  inlet  pafles  to  Nt:w-York,  about  25 
miles  diftant.  From  Montauk  Point, 
on  Long.  Ifland,  to  the  Hook,  is  S.  W. 
by  W.  I  W.  14  leagues,  and  then  W. 
by  S.  sz  leagues.  The  pilots  are  oblig>/ 
ed  to  keep  a  good  and  iufficient  whale-  ; 
boat  ready  at  the  Hook.  High-water» 
at  full  and  change,  37  minutes  after  6 
o'clock.    The  light-houfci  on  the  north 

point 


«!• 


SAN 

poititdf  the  Hook,  iiec  in  lat.  40. 30.  N. 
and  lung.  74.  «.  W.  At  the  firft  dif- 
covery  of  America,  fewer  nocoJ-fiih 
were  to  be  found  Ibuthward  uf  the  banks 
of  Ncwtouiidland,  and  Sable  Ifland. 
About  ^0  yenrs  ago  they  weredilcover- 
ed  oiF  Sandy  Hook»  and  rhey  have  ever 
flnce  become  more  plenty  on  the  iilhing 
grounds  off  the  Neverfmk,  in  6,  7,  and 
8  iathoms  water. 

Sandy  IJland^  a  fmall  ifland  off  the 
weft  cuaft  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua, 
about  two  miles  from  tlie  fliore.    . 

Sand yPom/,  the  S.  eaftern  extremity 
of  BarnAable  CO.  Maifachuietts  ;  called 
taint  Carey  by  Gofnold.  The  rourfe  to 
Nantucket  light-Iioulc,  is  8.  S.  W.  3 
leagties.  N.  lat.  4.1 .  14.  W.  long.  69.  35. 

Sandy  foiM,,  in  the  ifland  of  Toba- 
go   N,  lat.  116.  W.  long.  60.  37. 

Sandy  *P(»7iir,  the  moft  wcfterly 
point  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher's  i 
called  alio  Beltatts  Point. 

Sandy  Poiutt  near  the  fbuth-eaft  part 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Lucia,  and  forms 
the  fouthern  lintit  of  Sandy  Harbour. 

Sandy  Punt,  near  the  fouth-eaft 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  on  the 
larboanl  fide  of  the  opening  into  Wil- 
loughby  Bay. 

Sandy  Pointy  the  north-eaft  point  of 
Nantucket  Ifland,  a  the  coalt  of  MalFa. 
ichui'etts.   N.  lat.  41.  23.  W.  lung.  7c. 

S4NDY  Foitit,  a  town  of  the  ifland  ot 
St  Chriftopher's,  on  the  fouth-weft  fide 
qf  the  ifland,  in  St.  Anne's  parifli,  and 
in  Fig-tree  Bay.  It  is  a  port  of  entry, 
and  is  defended  by  Charles  Fort,  'and 
Brimftone  Hill,  both  ne^r  the  town. 

Sandy  River,  in  Kentucky.  See 
Big  Sandy  River. 

Sandy  River,  in  thediftri£l  of  Maine, 
rifes  in  Cumberland  co.  confifts  of  many 
fniall  branches  ;  runs  a  N.  £.  couri'e, 
9nd  empties  into  Kennebeck  river,  at 
the  N.  W.  corner  of  the  townlhip  of 
Norridgevyalk . 

Sandy  River,  the  plantations  in  Lin- 
coin  CO.  diftri6f  of  Maine,  of  this  name, 
in  1790J  were  as  follow  : 


Mouth  of  Sandy  tlver 
Sandy  river  No.  i 

No.  % 

No.  3? 
and  7  mile  Brook  3 
25  mile  Pond  and> 
'^iiGomb  lown     J 


Itfhabitan^s. 

3*7 
494 
130 

350 


%  A  N  f  t^' 

Sandt  Xi^tvr  Old  Towit.  UtVitm 
eomb.  .     >■■  ■ 

Sandyston,  a  townfliip  of  N«w.^ 
Jerfe^,  SuflTex  co.  on  Delaware  river,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  about 
II  mile*  above  Walpack,  and  about  at 
far  N.  W.  of  Newton.  It  contains  519 
inhabitants,  including  *6  flavei. 

San  FORD,  a  poft-town  of  the  diftrift 
of  Maine,  nine  miles  from  Waterbury 
couirt-houle,  1 5  from  Berwick,  and  44/ 
from  Philadelphia.  It  is  in  York  co. 
98  miles  N.  of  Bofton,  and  the  townfliip 
contains,  in  all,  i8o»  inhabitant!. 

Sanfokd,  a  townfliip  of  New- York, 
Dutchcfs  CO.  There  are  239  of  the  iit* 
habitants  qualified  eieflors. 

SANOAtLAN,  or  Gallan  Capf,  called 
Cangaltan  by  the  Britifli  feamen  {  it 
iituated  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  N.  N.  W«i 
of  the  iflanH  .of  Labos,  and  3  miles  N. 
W.  of  Carette  Ifland.  On  the  S.  fide 
of  the  cape  is  a  very  good  harbour, 
much  frequented  by  the  coafling  fliipt 
fix)m  Panama  and  Lima.  Off  this  cape 
it  is  very  bluiiering  and  ftormy. 

Sangerfiels,  a  townfliip  of  New* 
York,  fituated  in  Herkemer  co.  which 
contains  1459  inhabitants,  of  whom  138 
9re  ele^ors.  This  town  was  divided 
by  ad  of  the  legiflature,  1797.   - 

San  cu  AY,  a  famous  mountain  in  the 
eaftern  chain  ot  the  Aixles,  in  the  jurif- 
didion  of  Macas,  in  the  province  of 
Quito.  It  ■«  of  a  prodigious  height, 
aiui  the  preateft  part  of  the  whole  fur« 
face  covered  with  ihow.  From  its  fum* 
mit  ifluts  a  continu£:l  fire,  and  the  ex- 
plolions  are  lometimes  heard  at  Quito, 
though  13  s  miles  diftant.  The  country 
adi.'ici.'iit  to  this  volcano,  is  totally  bar. 
rtii,  occiifioned  by  the  enormous  quan- 
tity of  ftones  and  cinders  tje6fed  fVom 
thp  ('  ./unrain. 

S.AN  Jiian  Je  Las  Latws,  a  town  of 
S.  Ameiica,  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tains of  Pupityiin,  which  is  watered  by 
a  head  t^ranph  ol  Oronoko  rivtr. 

S A  N PI  N K  Creek.  Sec  7rento»,  New- 
Jerfey, 

San  Miguel de  Ibarra,  a  jurifdiflion 
of  Peru,  in  the  proviiice  ofQuito,  con- 
taining 8  pajillies.  Moft  of  the  farms 
have  plantations  of  fugar-canes  and  cot- 
ton. Tlie  farms  fitdatcd  in  a  Icls  )iot 
part  of  the  jurifdi^lion  are  Ibwn  with 
maize,  wheat  and  barley.  Here  are  al- 
io great  numbers  of  goats,  but  not 
many  flieep.  The  Indian;*  here  weavt 
'       .  a  conGderable 


%9V  BAN  • 

«  COoMl^aUe  qtiahtityof  cl«t1i  and  tot- 
ton.  The  mines  of  fait  Here  have  fonie 
•nwWrt  of  nitre,  which  renders  it  not 
A  proper  for  falting  meat ;  and  accord- 
JMlJr  that  Ynade  at  GUyaquti  is  prefer- 
«ca,  tbbugh  much  dearer.  Near  the 
viUafeof  Mira,  are  great  numbers  ot 
wild  afles,  which  increafe  very  faft,  and 
nt  not  eafily  caujiht.  They  have  all 
the  Aviftnefs  of  horfes,  and  aA:end  and 
4k(cend  biiis  and  mountains  with  eale. 
But  the  moil  remaricabie  eircumftance 
«el«ted  of  thefe  animals  is,  that  as  loon 
a»  they  have  carried  ihe  firft  load,  their 
cderity  and  dangerous  ferocity  leave 
them*  and  they  loon  contrail  the  ftupid 
look  and  dullnels  peculiar  to  all  the  af- 
Inibe  fpceies. 

San  Miptdje  Ibarra,  the  capital^of 
the  above  jurifdifiion.  It  Hands  on  a 
Jargc  plain  between  two  rivers.  The 
paiilh  church  is  a  large  and  elegant 
Ara^hire,  and  well  ornamented.  It  con- 
tains 3  convents,  a  college,  a  nunnery, 
■and. about  ix,ooo  Ibuls.  N.  lat.  jo.  15. 
weft  long.  76.  so. 

Sanson ATB  F«rf,  ot  Saufoaette,  on 
.the  weft  fide  of  New-Mexico,  ai  miles 
iSrom  the  river  Maticaloe.  Point  Kc- 
Jbedios  is  the  fouthern  limit  or  opening 
«f  the  port. 

S  A  N  t  A ,  a  rapid  river,  flowing  through 
a  valley  of  the  fame  name  in  Peru, 
about  130  miles  N.  of  Lima.  It  is  near 
•a  quarter  of  a  league  broad  at  the  place 
where  it  is  ufually  forded,  which  is  near 
4he  town  of  the  lame  name,  forming  five 
principal  ilreams,  which  run  during  the 
'Whole  year  with  great  rapidity.  The 
«elociiy  of  the  current,  even  when  the 
watei  s  are  low,  has  been  found  to  be  a 
league  and  an  half  in  an  hour. 

Santa,  a  town  of  Peru,  fituated  on 
the  banks  of  tlw  river  of  the  fame  name 
4}n  the  road  from  Paita  to  Lima,  and 
about  130  miles  north  of  that  city.  It 
is  inhabited  by  50  poor  families,  con- 
i£ftingof  Indians,  mulattoes,  and  mefti- 
aoes.  S.  lat.  8.  57.  36.  weti  long,  79. 
30.  It  was  originally  built  on  the  iea- 
«oaft,  from  which  it  is  now  half  a  league 
•diftant,  and  was  large  and  populous, 
but  being  pillaged  by  the  Engl^ih  in 
1.685,  it  was  abandoned. 

Santa  Barb.<vp.y,  on  the  fouth  fide 
«f  the  eaft  end  of  the  ifland  of  Curacoa, 
in  the  W.  Indies,  is  the  btft  harbour 
in  the  ifland,  wbbit  the  Dutch  have  a 
town  and  fort. 


«  A  N 

€anta  Clara,  an  iftand  In  the  baf 
of  Guyaquil,  on  the  northern  part  of 
the  coaft  of  Peru.  From  this  illand  to 
Punto  Aren,  the  wefternmoft  point  of 
PunalflatKl,  is  7  leagues  £.  N.  £.  S. 
lat.  3.  30.  weft  long.  80.  36. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  Danilh  Iflard  in  the 
Weft  Indies  j  See  St.  Croix. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  confiderable  town 
in  the  illand  of  Cuba,  having  a  good 
harbour  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay  of  Ma- 
tanzas,  63  miles  eaft  of  the  Havannah. 
N.  lat.  43.  II.  wreft  long.  81.  5. 

Santa  Cruz,  or  St.  Croix^  a  large 
ifland  lying  in  the  Pacific  Oceain,  1850 
leagues  weft  of  Lima,  in  fouth  lat.  lOt 
ij.  Ibuth-eaft  of  the  ifland  of  Arfaci. 
des,  dilcovered  by  Medina  in  1595^ 
and  fiijce  by  Carteret  in  1767,  and  by 
him  called  Bgmont  JJland.  it  is  reck- 
oned to  be  90  or  100  leagues  in  circum> 
lerence.  Great  and  unprovoked  cruei- 
.ties  were. committed  upon  tbele  friendly 
and  hoijpitable  Iflanders  by  Mendana'e 
itieq,  for  which  Mendana  caufed  twotof 
his  principal  officers  to  be  beheaded, 
and  another  to  be  hanged.  The  natives 
of  this  ifland  areas  black  as  the  negroes 
of  Africa,  their  hair  woolly,  and  ftained 
with  different  colours.  Their  faces  and 
bodies  are  tattaooed.  Their  only  cov- 
ering is  a  leaf  of  a  certain  tree,  their  or- 
naments, arms,  and  boats,  are  not  un- 
like thole  of  the  inhabitants  of  Tierra 
Auflral.  The  country  is  fertile  and 
very  populous,  abounding  in  eatable 
roots,  6  or  7  fpecies  of  bananas,  plenty 
of  cocoa  trees,  almonds,  nuts,  chefnuts^ 
a  fort  of  apple,  fugar-canes,  ginger, 
bread-fruit,  &c.  Hogs,  geefe,  fowls, 
partridges,  ring  and  turtle  doves,  he- 
rons, Iwallows,  and  a  great  variety  of 
birds  }  and  on  the  coaft  a  great  plenty 
and  variety  of  fifti.  There  are  here  no 
noxious  inle^ls,  which  are  common  in 
other  ifland*  of  the  torrid  zone.  In  a 
word,  the  ifland  of  Santa  Cruz,  and 
others  of  the  fame  group,  offer  the  moft 
valuable  refources  to  navigators  who 
traverfe  the  Great  Pacific  Ocean,  fouth 
or"  the  line. 

Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  a  large 

jurifdlftion   in  the  kingdom  of  Peru, 

but     thinly    inhabited    by    Spaniards. 

I  he  miiilons  of  Paraguay  are  in  this 

juriiUiftion. 

Santa  Cruz  dela  Sierra,  the  capi- 
tal of  the  above  jurifdiftion,  iituated  at 
the  toot  of  a  xneuntainj  on  the  banks  of 


■8  AN 

tHe  finall  river  Gxiapay,  about  56  miles 
north- eaft  of  La  Plata,  and  near  the  bor- 
ders of  Paragxiay.  It  it  thinly  inhabit- 
ed }  the  houfes  are  of  ftone,  thatched 
ed  with  palm  leaves.  The  valley,  in 
which  the  city  (lands,  produces  all  kinds 
pf  grain  and  fruits,  and  the  woods  and 
uncultivated  mountains  afford  great 
quantities  of  honey  and  wax.  S.  lat. 
19.  »$.  weft  long.  6z.  30. 

Santa  Fe,  a  town  of  New  Mexico, 
in  N.  America.  N.  lat.  35.  3s.  weft 
long.  106.  35. 

SANTA  Fg  Bajff  on  the  north  coaft 
.  of  S.  America,  weftward  of  Comana 
Gulf. 

Santa  Fb  de  Bagota,  the  capital 
of  the  province  of  New  Granada,  in  S. 
America,  is  the  (ee  of  an  archbifliop, 
and  the  feat  of  an  univeriity.  Mear  to 
the  city  is  the  lake  Guatawitat  upon  the 
banks  of  which  the  lavages  formerly 
Sacrificed  to  their  idols  }  to  whom  they 
offered  much  gold,  and  other  things  of 
great  value.    N.  lat.  3.  $8.  weft  long. 

73"  5* 

Santa  JJlandot  Holy  IJland^  on  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  is  oppofite  to  the  port  of 
Ferol.  It  is  3  miles  from  the  port  and 
city  of  Santa,  and  as  far  from  Ferol, 
which  is  ealtward  of  it. 

Santa  Maria,  a  river  of  the  Ifthmus 
of  Darien,  which  is  navigable  8  or  9 
leagues,  and  fo  far  the  tide  flows }  but 
above  that  its  two  branches  will  only 
admit  canoes.  It  empties  into  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Michael  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  town  of  its  name  is  about  6  leagues 
from  its  mouth  \  and  is  confiderable  on 
account  of  the  gold  mines  in  its  neigh- 
bourhood, which  ace  worked  to  great 
advantage,  but  the  country  about  it  is 
low,  woody,  and  very  unhealthy.  N. 
lat.  7.  30.  weft  long  8».  20. 

Santa  Port^  on  the  coaft  of  Pern,  is 
north-eaft  of  Santa  Iftand,  in  the  mouth 
of  a  river  of  the  fame  name. 

Santa  Martha,  a  province  of 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America,  bounded  eaft 
by  Rio  de  la  Hacha,  and  weft  by  Car- 
thagena. 

Santa  Martha,  the  capital  of  the 
above  province,  and  the  fee  of  a  bifhop, 
was  formerly  very  populous,  but  is  now 
much  decayed,  occafionedby  theSpanifti 
fleets  not  touching  there,  as  they  an- 
ciently ufed  to  do.  There  are  large 
fait  ponds  four  and  an  half  miles  from 
tke  town,  from  wiuch  good  ialt  i^  ex- 


trafted  and  fent  to  th«  neajriib««ri|if 
provinces.  It  ftands  near  tn«  ftat  «e 
the  foot  of  a  prodieious  mountain,  wfaols 
fummit  is  generally  hid  in  the  cloadH 
but  in  clear  weather,  when  the  top  ap^ 
pears,  it  is  covered  with  iiiow.  In 
fome  places  in  the  vicinity  arc  gold 
mines,  and  in  others  precious  ftonet  «f 
great  value. 

Santa  Pot/,  on  the  coaft  of  Pcn^ 
and  on  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  lies  N.  £• 
of  Santa  Ifland,  at  the  mouth  of  %  river 
of  the  lame  name. 

San  tee,  a  navigable  river  of  S.  Cartf^ 
Una,  the  largeft  and  longeft  in  thatStato^ 
It  empties  into  the  ocean  by  two  mouths* 
a  little  fouth  of  Georgetown,  which  latt 
lies  in  lat.  33.  27.  N.  And  long.  79. 24. 
W.  About  I20  miles  in  adireft  line 
from  its  mouth,  it  branches  into  the 
Congaree  and  Vv  ateree ;  the  latter,  or 
noithera  branch,  paffes  the  Caiabaw  iia> 
tion  of  Indians,  and  bears  the  name  of 
Catabaw  river,  from  this  fettlement  to 
its  fource. 

Santo  Espiritv,  a  captainfhlp  of 
Brazil*  bounded  N.  by  the  captainfhij* 
of  Seguro,  andS.  by  thatof  Rio  Janeitxik 
from  which  laft  the  river  Parayba  fepa* 
rates  it,  and  altera  long  courfe  from  W, 
to  E.  emptier  into  the  ocean,  in  lat.  ii» 
30.'  S .  This  government  is  the  moft  fer> 
tile,  and  beft  turnllhed  with  all  forts  of 
provifions  of  any  in  Brazil  {  having  aUb 
an  incredible  quantity  of  fifh  and  game. 
Its  low  lands  being  interfe£led  by  a 
great  number  of  rivers,  are  very  fruitful  % 
and  the  high  grounds,  are  covert  with 
forefts  of  large  trees.  Here  it  may  be 
noticed  that  there  are  three  rivers  in  SnU 
zil,  called  Parayba,  or  Paraiba,  vis.  one 
which  gives  its  name  to  a  captainfhip 
already  defcribed)  the  fecond  is  that 
above  mentioned,  and  the  third  emptiet 
into  the  ocean  between  Cape  St.  Vin<- 
cent,  and  Rio  de  la  Plata. 

Santo  Espiritv,  the  capital  of  the 
above  captainfliip,  and  indeol  the  only 
town  in  it,  is  fituated  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  a  large  bay  on  the  eaftem  coaft  of 
Brazil,  about  9  miles  from  the  fea.  It 
has  a  caftle  in  ruins,  but  no  fortifica-^ 
tions,  and  contains  about  900  inhabit- 
ants. Here  are  two  monafteries  and  a 
college.  The  port  is  a  fmall  bay,  opening 
to  the  eaft,  interfefted  with  many  fmau 
iflands.  On  the  top  of  a  mountain,  at 
fome  difti^nce  from  the  town,  is  a  large 
whit;  towcTi  called^  by  the  P^wtuzuefe, 

,  iioftra 


^4^  '     SAO 

tINbftra  Senhert  dePenn,  and  nnr  \t  a 
flnall  churchi  iltiToynded  with  a  wall. 
•At  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  are  ftill  to 
4)e(«en  the  melancholy  rernains  of  a  place 
once  called  Villa  Vvja,  or  the  Old  City. 
8.  lat.  lo.  36.  W.  long.  39.  56. 

Santo s,  a  town  in  the  captninfhip  of 
'6t/Vincent,  in  Brasil,  featea  on  a  river 
9  miles  from  the  Tea,  which  it  thtre  a 
4nile  broad,  and  five  fathoms  deep.  It 
■ia  defended  hy  a  rampart  on  the  mt  next 
ihfe  river.'  It  is  alio  guardwl  by  two 
caftlcs,  one  on  the  fouth  iide,  and  the 
t>ther  in  the  middle  of  the  town,  which 
contains  150  inhabitants.  It  has  a  pa- 
cifli  church,  a  monattery,  and  a  college. 
S.  lat.  14.  «6.  W.  long.  4.t.  ^o. 

■Saona,  or  teom,  a  I'mall  ifland  near 
the  S.  £.  part  of  the  ifland  of  St  Do. 
«ningo.  It  is  about  8  leagues  from  E. 
to  W.  and  a  from  N.  to  S.  which  be- 
comes ftiil  lefs  in  the  narrdweft  part.  Its 
circumference  is  nearly  a  5  leagues,  it 
lies  eaft  of  St.  Catherine  Ifland)  and  it 
is  not  much  above  a  league  tfom  Little 
J»alm  Tree  Point,  to  that  which  advances 
■from  the  north  of  the  S^mna.  At  each 
<rf  its  extremities,  K.  and  W.  is  a  moun- 
tain, and  thereis  athini  at  a  point  abuut 
the  middle  of  the  fouthern  fide.  Thefe 
tnoiuitains  at  once  ftielrcr  and  water  it, 
and  temper  the  air.  The  Indian^  called 
this  ifland  Adtmuimf,  and  had  h  parti- 
cular cacique,  who  was  fovereign  of  the 
ifland,  independent  of  thole  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. His  fubjedts  devoted  them. 
fehras  to  commerce  with  the  Spaniards, 
Co  agrfcultme,  to  cultivation  of  grain 
and  Fruits.  They  ^miflicd  enough  for 
^e^confumption  of  the  city  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, and  for  provifioning  Several  ex- 
peditions going  from  that  port.  Some 
Caftilians  having  cauled  the  cacique  to 
be  eaten  by  a  dog,  this  aA  of  cruelty  be- 
came the  caule  of  a  quarrel,  and  the 
Spaniards  having  exterminated  the  vn- 
fortunate  Inhabitants,  formed  fettlements 
on  their  little  idand.  It  is  furrounded 
with  banks  ant*  breakers,  except  at  the 
weftern  part ;  but  there  is  a  paflage  for 
fmall  h;ii  ks,  between  its  north  fide,  and 
the  main  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
The  ill;md  and  its  port  are  a  Oielttr  for 
the  mariners  failing  in  this  part,  who 
here  find  water,  wood,  and  wild  cattle, 
all  which  are  in  abundance.  It  is  im- 
|)oflil)le  to  have  an  itiea  of  the  vafl  quan- 
tities of  birds,  and  particulu'ly  of  wood 
pigeons,  that  are  fecn  here*    The  eaft-  ^ 


em  point  of  the  ifland  lies  in  lat.  if.  y,* 

N.  and  long.  71.  if.  W.  of  Paris. 

Sapa,  St.  Michael de,  n  village  in  the 
valley  of  Arica,  in  t'r.:»  province  of 
Charcos,  in  Peru.  It  is  a  rinall  place, 
hut  famous  tor  the  quantity  of 'Guinea 
pepper  produced  in  its  vicinity.  It  will 
not  thrive  in  m^Aintainous  parts,  but  is 
cultivated  in  the  vallies.  Thf  inhabit- 
anis  of  this  village  fell  annually  no  lefs 
than  80,000  crowns  worth  of  it.  S. 
lat.  17.  -jO.  W.  long.  78.  10. 

Sapelo,  a  village  o*  Go  Tgia,  in 
Liberty  co.  oppofne  to  the  ibund  and 
ifland  of  that  ntiine,  and  about  6  miles 
ibutii  of  Sunbviry. 

Saponihs,  Indians  who  inhabit  on  a 
north  branch  of  Sui'quehannah  river. 
Warrioia  30.    See  Munfays. 

Sa  RAM  A  CM  A,  a  river  in  the  Dutch 
province  of  Surrinam. 

Saranac,  a  river  of  New. York, 
which  paflcs  th|;ough  Plattfljurg,  and 
empiies  into  Lake  Chainplain  from  the 
wert.  It  !inj  been  explored  nearly  35 
miles,  and  there  found  equal  in  llxe  to 
the  mouth,  it  abounds  with  falmbn, 
bafs,  pike,  pickerel,  trout,  ice.  At  tht 
mouth  of  the  river,  lalmon  are  f'onnd  in 
fiKh  plenty,  that  it  is  ufual  to  take  400 
or  500  a  day,  with  I'pears,  and  fmall 
fcoop-nets.  They  are  caught  from 
May  till  November. 

Saratoga,  a  county  of  the  State  of 
New. York,  bounded  E. and  N.  by  Hud- 
fun's  river,  which  feparates  it  from 
Rcnflelaer  and  Wafhington  counties, 
and  fouth  by  Mohawk  river.  It  has 
Leen  eflablifhed  fince  1790,  and  is  di- 
vided into  %  townfliips,  viz.  Greenfield, 
Ballifown,  Charlton,.  Half  Moon,  Mil. 
ton,  Saratoga,  Gal  way  and  Stillwater. 
In  1796,  3,170  of  the  hihabitanta  were 
qualified  eleflors. 

Saratoga^  m  SaraghtogOt  a  town- 
Oiip  of  New- York,  iituaied  in  Saratoga 
CO.  on  theW.  fide  of  Hudfon's  river 
56  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  contains  few 
houfes  in  a  compafk  itate.  In  1790, 
when  it  belonged  to  Albnny  co.  it  con. 
tained  :),07i  inhabitants ;  and  there 
were  here  in  1 796,  542  qualified  electors. 
It  will  ever  be  diifinguiflied  in  hiftory, 
for  beiniv  the  place  at  which  Gen. 
Burgoyne  was  obliged  to  lurrender  his 
army,  in  1777.  This  town  is  alfo  fa- 
mous for  its  medicinal  waters,  called  tha 
Saratoga  Springs.  1'hey  are  to  milen 
from  BallUowQ,  in  a  fltallow  vale  or 


S  A  9' 

nMMrfli;  in  feveralreffieAtreremblingthat 
of  Ballftown.    Thefe  waters  appear  to 
Imve  received  at  ftrong,  if  not  (tronger, 
impregnation  of  the  fame  kind  of  ingre- 
lUenta   thnt   enter  tiMfe  of  Ballftown, 
and  may  be  a  ftre?  n  of  the  fame  foun- 
tain running  through  the  lame  kind  of 
calcareous  earth.    One  of  thefe  fprings 
it  covered'  over  by  a  natural  cretaciout, 
or  rather  calcareous  pyramid,  about  five 
or  fix  feet  high .    This  hol!ow  pyramid, 
or  cone,  has  a  hole  in  the  top  about  fix 
inches  over.     If  we  lo^  k  into  this  hole 
we  fee  the  mineral  water  boiling  vehe- 
mently like  a-  pot  over  the  fire )    the 
water  is  ncverthelefs  intenfely  cold,  and 
is  faid  to  be,  in  every  refp^'Cl,  (inarter 
than  that  at  Ballltown.  The  calcareous 
nsatier  extends  for  feveral  rods  from  the 
bafis  of  this  pyramid.    There  are  leve 
rgl  idle  Aor'vn  related  of  this  fpring)  one 
is,  that  it  overflows  at  certain  ftages  of 
tbe  moort.  This  is  not  true.  As  this  is 
found  to  be  falfe,  they  tell  you  it  over- 
flows once   a   year  {   but  this  hat  as 
little  foundation  in  truth  as  the  othvr. 
,  IPe^opte  who  live  «t  thefe  fprings  think 
they  mult  relate  fomething  marvellous 
by  way  of  enhancing  the  value  of  the 
vraters,  and  reconciling  you  to  the  great 
txpenfe  attending  thele  vifits. 

Sakdo,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New- 
Sp&in,  and  in  the  North  Sea. 

Sarecto,  the  chief  town  of  Duplin 
CO.  N.  Carolina*  fituated  on  the  N.  E. 
branch  of  Cape  Pear  river,  which  af- 
fords water  for  rafts  to  the  town.  It 
contains  a  court-houfe,  gaol,  and  about 
ao  houfes.  It  is  t^o  miles  above  Wil 
mington,  to  the  north. 

Sarena,  on  the  coaft  of  Ch!K,  in 
Sk.  America,  on  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
S.  lat.  19.  40.  W.  long.  71.  15. 

Sarinhaym,  a  river  on  the  fomh- 
eaft  coaft  of  Brazil,  and  cppoiite  to  the 
■  illand  of  Alexo,  which  is  weft  of  Cape 
St.  AugulHne. 

<  Sarmiento  IJlands,  Pedro  </«,  in  the 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  are  thought  to  be 
~  t\w  lame  as  the  Duke  0/  Tork  s  IJlands, . 
northward  of  the  wift  end  of  the  ftraits 
of  Magellan.  Thc^  lie  in  about  la...  50. 
'  fonth,  and  are  u^out  80  in  number. 
Saronilla,  or  SerramHa,  flioaisoff 
the  iftand  of  Jamaica,  25  leagues  W.  of 
Pedro  Shoals,  !<nd  37  W.  of  Portland 
Point.     The  middle  of  them  lie  in  lat. 
i'6/  10.  N.  and  long.  80.  4;.  W. 
9ASKACUAVf.Ati,.ot.Sa^^/ta'weii,  a 


S  A  «  ^ 

river  of  N.  Ameriea,  which  itmt  eaft-' 
ward,  and  hat  communication,  by  ilhort 
portHges,  with  Nelfon't  river,  wbiehr' 
empties  into  Hudfon^s  Bay. 

Sassafras,  ■  fmall  navigable  river 
of  Maryland,  which  nfes  in  Delaware 
State,  and  runs  weftward  into  ChefR- 
peak  Bay.  It  feparates  Kent  co.  from ' 
that  of  Cecil,  and  has  the  towns  of  Fre- 
dericktown,  Georgetown,  and  SaflafrRS 
on  its  bankt.  The  latter  is  5  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Georgetown,  and  sbout  )  $< 
of  Warwick. 

S^TiLLA,   Great  and  Littte,  twa 
rivers  of  GeKnrgia,  which  fiill  into  the' 
ocean,  in  Camden  co.  between  the  Ala- 
taniaha  and  St.  Mary's  rivers. 

Saucon,  Vpper  and  LtmueTt  town- 
fliips  in  Northampton  co,  PenniylVaniR. ' 
Savkibs,  or  Saikiett  an  Indian  tribi^ 
refiding  at  Bay  Ptian,  in  the  N.W.  Ter-, 
ritory,  near  the  Minomaniet  |  which  6e. 
Saundbrs  IfiaMd,  in  the  8.  Atlantic 
Ocean,  one  of  the  fmail  iflanda  which 
furround  the  two  chief  of  the  Falkland' 
Ifles. 

Savndirs  Ifiamip  in  South  Georgia^ 
and  in  th&S.  Atlantic  Ocean,  is  about' 
13  leagues  north  of  Cape  Montague*' 
S.  lat.  57.  59.  W.  long.  16.  $4.. 

Saunders  I/land,  or  Sir  CbarUt 
Saunders*  IJlattdt  called  by  the  natives 
Tapoamanao,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, ' 
is  reckoned  one  of  the  Society  Iflands» 
When  Port  Royal  Bay,  at  Otaheite,  is 
S.  70.  45.  E.  diftant  61  miles,  this 
iiland  bears  S.  S.  W.  S.  lat.  17.  H, 
W.  long.  151.  4.  It  it  about  two' 
leagues  lonv. 

Saura  Lower  TVuw,  is  fitiiafed  on' 
the  fouth  fide  of  Dan  river,  in  N.  Cart>-' 
Una.     It  was  formerly  the  chief  town 
oi  the  Saura  Indians. 

SaurA  Upper  Town,  in  the  fame 
Srate,  an  ancient  and  well  peopled  town 
of  tl»e  Saura  Indians  ;  fituated  in  Stokes 
CO.  on  the  (buth  file  of  Dan  river. 

Sautburs,  le  Morne  des,  or  "em- 
per's  Hill,  a  precipice  near  the  river  aati- ' 
teurs,  at  the  north  end  of  the  ifiand  of 
Grenada.  After  the  year  1650  the 
French  gradually  exterminated  the 
l.'haraibes ;  near  this  place  they  butch- 
ered 40  of  them  on  the  foot ;  and  40 
others,  who  had  efcaped  the  fword, 
threw  themlcives  headlong  into  the  fea 
from  this  precipice,  and  miferably  pe- 
rilhed.  A  beautiful  young  girl,  of  i» 
or  I J  year«  of  age,  who  was  taken 

alive, 


S  A  V 

ajifvei  iMcaoMr  the  objea  of  dtfpate  be- 
tween two  of  the  French  officers,  each 
claimioR  her  a»  a  lawful  prizc»  when  a 
third  ofthofe  white  (avaget  put  an  end 
to  xhe  contefty  by  (hooting  tlie  girl 
through  the  head* 

Savaob*  a  fmall  river  of  Marvland, 
Nvhicb  runs  fouthward  through  Allegha- 
ny CO.  and  empties  into  the  ratowmact 
weft  of  Georee's  Creek.  Its  mouth  is 
SB  milet  fouth.wcft  of  Fort  Cumberland, 
and  4S  fouth-eaft  of  the  mouth  bf  Cheat 
river.  Boats  carrying  lo  tons  can  reach 
Alp^ndria  in  4  or  5  days,  but  will  take 
tlmiible  the  time  to  return. 

8a V AGS  Crnkt  a  finail  bay  on  the 
north-weft  coalt  of  Newfoundland,  near 
the  weftem  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Mou- 
cok  and  ao  leagues  N.  E.  of  Cape  Per- 

JPM. 

Sat  AC  I  JJUuUt  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean*  ia  about  3  3  miles  in  circuit,  and 
is  inhabit^  by  favagcs.  It  is  overrun 
with  buOtes,.  and  has  no  port.  S.  lat. 
19.  a.  W.  long,  169.  30. 

8ATAOB{mtn/,  <?f'/<i/,  inHudfon*s 
Straits.  N.  lae.  6s.  %$,  W.  long.  70. 
High  water,  at  £uU  and  change,  at  ten 
o'clock. 

Savagx  yiand,  lawtr,  in  the  fame 
ftndtSk  has  high  water  at  full  and  change 
at  nine  o*clodc.  N.  lat.  61.  48.  W, 
long.  66^%o. 

Savagb  P«m/,  Upptr,  on  the  north 
|!cte  of  Hudfon's  Straits,,  fouth-eaft  of 
Cape  Charka»  and  the  north-weft  point 
<tf  an  inlet  up  into  the  land,  fo  as  to 
fbnn  the  ifliand  of  Good  Fortune. 

Savaoe's  ?£^,  at  the  R9ck  Landing 
ttn  miles  bdow  the  Falls  of  Oconee 
nvcr. 

Sa VAC  E  SMtidt  a  paftage  in  the  north 

irt  of  the  Welcome  Sea,  in  Hudfon's 
^y,  into  Repulie  Bay.    It  is  bat  little 
known. 

Savannah,  a  bay  at  the  eaft  end  of 
the  ifland  of  Antieoa,  near  the  fouth-eaft 
part  of  Green  liland,  on  the  fouth  fide, 
a  little  weftward  of  Indian  Creek. 

Savannah  Cbamult  towards  the 
fouth-eaft  DMnt  of  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica;  a  ftiort  vray  weft  of 
Port  Morant  Harbour  j  between  them 
is  Fiihennan's  riv  •'. 
[40^  Savannah,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft- 
town  of  Georgia,  and  formerly  the  me- 
tropolis of  the  Sute  {  fituatcd  in  Chat- 
luun  00.  on  the  Ibuth  fide  of  the  river 
Savanoab,  o«  a  iMig^  Aady  Ui#«  17 


K 


8  A  V 

mtks  from  the  ocean.  The  towii  !•  re;^ 
gularly  built,  in  the 'form  of  a  parallelo* 
gram,  and,  including  its  fuburbt,  con-, 
tained,  in  1787,  about  »}oo  inhabi- 
tants, of  whom  about  80  or  90  are  Jews. 
More  than  two-thirds  of  this  town  was 
confumed  by  fire  in  the  fall  of  1796. 
The  exports  for  one  year,  ending  the 
30th  of  September,  1794,  amounted  to 
the  value  of  a63,830  dollars.  This  ci- 
ty was  bravely  defended  by  the  Britiflt 
general  Prevoft,  againft  a  fuperior  force, 
headed  by  Count  trEftaihg  and  General 
Lincdn.  The  allies  made  a  fatal  and 
unfuccefsful  attack  on  the  i8th  of  Oc- 
tober, 1779,  when  they  were  obliged  to 
retreat,  after  having  from  1000  to  laoo 
men  killed  and  wounded.  It  is  119 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Mary's,  13s  S; 
W.  by  S.  from  Augufta,  and  915  in 
a  like  dire£lion  from  Philadelphia.  N. 
lat.  3*.  3.  W.  long.  81.  S4. 

Savannah  /{nwr  divides  the  St^te- 
of  Georgia  from  that  of  S.  Carolina, 
and  purlues  a  courfe  nearly  from  norths 
weft  to  fouth-eaft.  It  is  formed  chiefly  V 
of  two  branches,  the  Tueelo  and  Keo- 
wee,  which  fpring  fixmi  the  mountains, 
and  unite  under  uie  name  of  Savannah, 
15  miles  north-weft  of  the  northern 
boundary  of  Wilkes  co.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  large  veflcis  17  miles  up  to  Sa- 
vannah, and  for  boats  of  100  feet  keel 
to  Aueufta.  After  riiine  a  foil  juft 
above  this  phice,  it  is  paflable  for  boatfr 
to  the  mouth  of  Tngelo  river.  After  it 
takes  the  name  of  Savannah,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Tugelo  and  Keowee, 
it  receives  a  number  of  tributary  ftreams, 
from  the  Georgia  fide,  the  principal  of 
which  is  Broad  river.  Tybee  Bar,  at 
the  entrance  of  Savannah  river,  has  i4 
feet  water  at  half  tide.  Tybee  light* 
houfe  lies  in  lat.  jx  N.  and  long.  81. 10. 
W.  and  fcom  thoice  to  Port  Royal  ia 
6  leagues  N*  E.  |  E.  The  flood  in  thia 
river  was  io  great  in  Feb.  1796,  that  the 
water  rofe  35  feet  above  its  ordinary 
level.  In  Augufta,  the  ftreets  were 
plied  by  boats  which  could  carry  fifteen 
tons. 

Savannah  Rtvert  Liuh,  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  north-weft  of  St. 
Jofeph'f  Bay. 

Savannah  la  Mart  at  the  eaft  end 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  a  fettle- 
mcnt  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  bay  of 
Samana,  oppofite  the  city  of  Samana  on 
the  MBCth  Mts  mA  Im  bttvrecn  the 


Bay  of 

port)  an 
Its  govei 
at  the 
than  10 
4  wide  i 
of  Sama 
gun  in 
tain  moi 
aze  her< 
Shallow 
gution 
and  the 
tant. 

Sava 
of  the  if 
county, 
veflels. 
ed  by 
dation 
partly 


9  AT 

Bfty  of  Pear!  ,  (which  it  an  cxceHent 
port)  and  the  Point  of  Icaque.  It  has 
Its  governor  and  re£tor»  aind  is  fituated 
at  the  end  of  a  plain,  which  is  more 
than  lo  leagues  from  eaft  to  weft,  and 
4  wide  from  north  to  fouth.  The  city 
of  Samana  and  this  town  were  both  be* 
gun  in  1756,  and  together  do  not  con- 
tain more  than  500  fouls.  The  anchor- 
age here  is  only  fit  for  fmall  veflels. 
Shallows  and  breakers  render  the  navi* 
gation  very  dangerous  between  this 
and  the  point  of  Icaque,  4.{  leagues  dif- 
tant. 

Savannah  la  Mar,  on  the  firath  fule 
of  the  idand  of  Jamaica,  in  Cornwallis 
«ounty,  has  a  good  anchorage  for  large 
vefleU.  It  was  almoll  entirely  deftroy- 
cd  by  a  dreadful  hurricane  and  inun- 
dation of  the  fea,  in  1780.  It  is  now 
paitly  rebuilt,  and  may  contain  from  60 
to  70  houfes.  It  bears  from  Bluefield's 
Point  W.  by  N.  i  N.  about  3  leagues. 
N.  lat.  18.  IX.  W.  long.  78.  6. 

Saverio,  a  cape  or. point  on  the 
N.  coaft  of  S.  America,  on  that  part 
callsd  the  S(ianifli  Main.  Between  it 
and  the  iiland  Barbarata  is  the  opening 
to  the  ifland  of  Bonaire. 

Savilla,  5t,  a  fmall  town  of  Geor- 
gia, 64.  miles  fouth  of  Savannah,  and  65 
north  of  St.  Mary's. 

Savoy,  a  new  townilup,  in  Berkfhire 
cOr  Maffiichufetts,  incorporated  in  1797. 

Sawyer's  Ferry,  a  fmall  i)oft-tawn 
«f  N.  Carolina,  14  miles  from  Nixon- 
ton,  10  from  Indiantown,  and  48  a  from 
Philadelphia. 

Sawyer's^  or  Afftratbres,  Ifland,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Mexico ;  is  of  a  fmall 
fize,  and  has  on  its  fouth-eaft  fide  a 
fmall  creek  of  its  name,  which  boats 
can  only  enter  at  high  water.  It  is  la 
miles  from  tlte  Bar  of  Realejo. 

Saxapahaw,  theupper  part  of  the 
north  weft  branch  of  Cape  rcai*  river, 
in  N.  Carolina.  It  is  formed  by  Ara- 
manclie  and  Deep  rivers,  and  it  is  laid 
may  be  made  navigable  for  boats  about 
50  miles. 

Saxeootha,  a  village  or  fettlement 
in  S.  Carolina,  on  the  fouthem  bank  of 
Congaree  river)  about  48  miles  north- 
^efterly  of  Augufta,  in  Georgia. 

Saxton's  Eiver,  in  Vermont,  emp- 
ties into  the  Conne6licut  at  Weftmin- 
fter. 

Saybrook,  a  poft  town  of  Connec- 
ticut, m.i^^'sif.  CO.  oa  tbf  weft  fid*  of 


ConficAlcat  river,  acrofs  wkleh  it  a 
ferry,  on  the  road  leading  to  New-lMft- 
don.  It  ii  36  miles  eaft  of  Mew.Ha^ 
ven,  18  weft  of  New-Zxmdon,  and  m* 
northeaft  of  Philadelphia.  Thia  it  thr 
moft  ancient  town  in  the  vtate,  having: 
been  ftttlcd  by  Mr.  Fenwick  in  i4s4^ 
who  gave  it  its  prefent  name  in  horMur 
of  Lord  Say  and  Seal  and  Lord  Braok*. 

SCARBOROVOH,  a  townfliip  of  the 
DiftriA  of  Maine,  (ituated  in  Cunbar- 
land  CO.  on  the  lea  soaft,  between  Pep> 
perelborough  and  Cape  Eliaabctli.  It 
was  incorporate4  in  1658)  contain* 
zz-iS  inhabitants}  and  lies  ti]  milct 
northerly  of  Bofton« 

Sc  A  RBOROUGH  Ctvi,  in  the  harbour 
of  Chebu6lo,  on  the  fouthern  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia,  is  on  the  middle  of  the 
weft  fide  of  Comviralli»  Ifland.  It  is  $ 
or  6  furlongs  broad,  and  nearly  tiw: 
fame  in  depth. 

Scarborough,  a  town  and  iott  Im 
the  ifland  of  Tobago,  in  the  W.  Indies^ 

SCARSDAbE,  a  townfliip  in  Weft- 
Chefter  co.  New. York,  bounded  we^ 
terly  by  Bronx  river,  and  foutherly  bjfi 
the  town  of  Eaft-Chefter.  It  containa 
281  inhabitants,' of  whom  33  areelM* 
tors.    See  Ntvi  Roetsllt. 

SCATARi,  a  fmall  uninhabited  ifland 
on  the  eaftern  coaft  of  Cape  Btctoi* 
Ifland.  It  is  about  6  miles  long  and  s 
broad.  It  ferves  as  a  flielter  to  a  baj^ 
from  the  eaft  and  fouth,  which  lie*, 
fouthward  of  Miray  Bay,  called  Mena- 
dou,  or  Panadou  Bay.  N.  lat.  46.  3« 
W.  long.  $9.  3  J.  It  was  frnmerly  €aU«t 
ed  Little  Cape  Breton. 

SCAUYACE,  a  river  of  New-Yorkk 
which  ifliies  from  the  north-eaft  comer 
of  Seneca  Lake,  and  feparating  tha 
townfliip  of  Romulua  from  that  of  Ju« 
nius  on  the  north,  empties  into  Cayug» 
lake. 

SCHACTECOKB,  or  Scogittkoke,  a 
townfliip  of  New- York,  in  Renfleiaeaf 
CO.  lies  north  of  the  townfliip  of  RenfTc* 
laerwick,  on  Hudfon's  river.  In  1796^^ 
275  of  the  inhabitants  were  eleAors. 

SCHACAOERO,  a  fmall  village  oVitlit 
Ifthmus  of  Darien ;  on  the  E.  ndeof  tba 
mouth  of  the  river  Santa  Maria,  opt  a 
riling  gronnd^^  open  to  the  gulf  of  St. 
Michael.  It  has  a  fine  rivulet  of  fre(% 
water,  and  ferves  aa  siplace  of  rc£re(b,<i 
ment  to  the  miners.  The  firefli  brentia 
from  the  fea  render  it  very  healthy.  Kf  ji' 
Ut.  7 » £0.  W«  j  ing,  S»,  5. 

SCHL0IS1% 


^^  $  c  H 

ScALOasiR  Fortt  or  Sluffker,  m  the 
6t«te  of  New>Yorkt  is  fitiiatcd  on  the 
'  caftern  fide  of  Niagara  river,  near  the 
ceUbnratcd  falls*  on  the  north  bank  of  a 
bend  of  the  river,  and  oppofite  to  the 
N.  W.  end  of  Navy  Idami. 

SCHODACK,  or  Sbudackt  a  townfhip 
inRcnflelaer  co.  New  York,  taken  from 
KenflEelaerwick  townfliip,  and  incorpo- 
rated  in  i79S«  It  is  14  miles  E.  of  Al- 
bany {  and,  in  1796,  there  were  377  of 
its  inhabitants  ele^ors. 

ScMOBN-BauNN,  or  tlie  Beautiful 
Sprhgt  one  of  the  eafternmoft  fettle- 
ments  of  the  Moravians  on  Muflcingum 
river.  See  GnadenbiHten.  This  fettle 
ment  of  Chriftian  Indians  was  eftablilh- 
ed  ill  i772t  onatraAof  land  granted 
by  the  Delaware  tribe.  In  1775,  the 
chapel,  which  could  contain  500  people, 
was  found  too  fmall  for  the  hearers,  who 
came  in  great  numbers.  It  was  fituat- 
«d  about  )o  miles  from  Gekelmnck. 
pechuenk,  70  from  Lake  Erie,  and  75 
W.  from  Friedenftadt.  It  had  a  good 
fpring,  a  fmall  lake,  good  planting 
piounds,  much  game,  and  tvery  other 
convenience  for  the  Aipport  of  an  In- 
dian colony.  It  appears  that  a  large 
fortified  Indian  town  formerly  ftood 
heref  fonte  ramparts  and  the  ruins  of 
three  Indian  forts  being  ftill  vifible. 
The  Delawares  granted  to  the  Chriftian 
Indians  all  the  tra^  from  the  entrance 
of  Gekelmuckpechuenk  Creek  into  the 
Muflcingum  to  Tufcarawi.  This  thriv- 
ing fettlement  was  deftroyed  in  1781, 
when  the  Huron  Indians  carried  the  in- 
habitants to  Sanduiky )  and  when  thefe 
peaceable  Indians  were  permitted  to  re- 
turn to  reap  their  harveft,  they  were 
cruelly  butchered  by  the  American  fet- 
tlcrs,  while  praifing  God  and  forgiving 
their  enemies.  Congrefs  granted  4000 
acres  of  land  here  to  the  Ibciety  of  the 
United  Brethren,  for  the  purpofe  of  pro- 
pagating the  gofpel,  on  September  3, 
1788. 

SCHOHAkiE,  a  county  of  New- York, 
taken  from  thole  of  A^^^tny  and  Otfcgo, 
and  incorporated  in  ■795*  The  land 
is  variegated  with  hilU  j  is  in  general 
fertile  and  well  watered  by  Schoharie, 
Cobu3  Kill,  and  feveral  other  (ireains. 
The  county  is  bounded  north  by  Mont- 
gomery, ibuth  by  Ulfter,  £.  by  Alba- 
ny, and  W.  by  Otl'ego.  By  a  law  pafl*- 
cd  i-7th  March,  1797,  this  county  was 
^vlded  into  th«  tix  following  towi^s, 

1^  ^  . 


S  C  » 

viz.  Schoharie,  Middleberg,  Blenheiiltf 
firiiiol,  Coblefliill,  and  Sharon. 

Schoharie,  the  principal  town  in 
the  above  co.  is  on  Schoharie  creek  or 
river,  and  is  one  of  the  wealthieft  inland 
funning  towns  in  the  State.  The  inha- 
bitants are  Dutch,  and  before  its  divi- 
fion  in  1797,  were  S073  in  number.  It 
it  between  30  and  40  miles  weftward  of 
Albany. 

Schoharie  Rh/erruna  a  northerly 
cnurfe  of  about  80  miles  from  the  Kaats' 
Kill  Mountams,  and  empties  into  Mo- 
hawk river  at  Fort  Hunter.  The  weft- 
em  branch  of  this  river  is  called  Cobus 
Kill.  On  the  E.  fide  of  Cobus  is  the 
fettlement  of  its  name.  The  towns  and 
fettlements  on.Schoharie  were,  in  1796, 
as  you  proceed  from  6.  to  N.  Batavia, 
Fountam*s  Town,  Schoharie,  Smith's 
Town,  and  Fox  Town. 

ScHOODUCK.  Set  Frencbman'j  Bay, 
and  Sctedick. 

Schuyler,  Fortt  Nitv,  in  the  town- 
fliip of  Rome,  ftands  on  the  W.  fide  of 
a  bend  of  Mohawk  river,  about  7  miles 
weftward  of  Whiteftown. 

Schuyler,  Fortf  OU,  is  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  Mohawk  river,  4  miles 
E.  N.  E.  of  the  compaft  part  of 
Whiteftowrt,  and  xo  above  the  German 
Flats.  Here  were,  in  17^6,  35  compa£l 
boufes,  fituatMl  partly  m  each  of  the 
townfliips  of  Whiteftown  and  Frank- 
fort.  In  1790,  there  were  but  three^ 
fmall  huts  here. 

Schuyler,  a  townfliipof  New- York, 
Herkemer  co.  between  Mohawk  river 
and  Canada  Creek,  «o  miles  above  the 
town  of  German  Flats.  In  1796,  ac- 
cording to  the  State  cenfus,  it  contained 
17.19  inhabitants,  of  whom  %i%  were 
ele£lors.  It  was  incorporated  in  179x4 
This  town  was  divided  by  a&  of  the 
legiflature  in  1797. 

Schuyler's  Lake,  in  New- York 
State,  is  10  miles  W.  of  Lake  Otfego. 
It  is  9  miles  long,  and  4  or  5  broad.. 

Schuylkill,  a  river  of  Pennfylva* 
nia,  which  riles  N.  W.  of  the  ICitta* 
tinny  Mountains,  through  which  it  palT- 
es  into  a  fine  champaign  counti-y,  and 
runs,  from  its  iburce,  upwards  of  iio- 
miles  in  a  ibuth-eaft  direclion,  and  pair- 
ing through  the  limits  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  falls  into  the  Delaware, 
oppofite  Mud  Ifland,  6  or  7  miles  below 
the  city.  It  will  be  navigable  from 
above  Reading,  85  or  90  miles  to  it» 

mouth. 


B  C  I 

mouth  t  when  the  canal  begim  at  Noirri- 
t3n  ii  completed.  This  will  pafs  by  the 
falU,  and  Hlfo  form  a  communication 
with  the  Delaware  above  the  city. 
There  are  4  floating  bridges  thrown 
acroia  it,  made  of  logs  faftcnra  together, 
and  lying  upon  the  water,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Philadelphia.  Little  Schuylkill  river 
fnlU  into  this  river  from  the  north,  at 
Reading.  On  the  head  waters  of 
Schuylkill  are  quantities  of  coal. 

SciOTA  River,  which  falls  into  the 
Ohio   in    the    territory  of  the  Untted 
States,  N.  W.  of  the  Ohio,  is  larger 
than  either  the  Muikingum  or  Hock- 
hocking,    and  cpens  a  more  extenllve 
navigation.     It   is   paflable   for  large 
barges  for  %oo  miles,  with  a  portage  of 
only  4  miles  to  the  Sanduflcy,  a  beata- 
ble water  which  falls  into  Lake  Erie. 
Through  the  Sanduflcy  and  Sciota  lies 
the  moft  common  pafs  from  Canada  to 
the  Ohio  and  Miflifiopi ;   one  of  the 
moft  extenfive  and  u(eful  communica- 
tions that  are  to  be  found  in  any  coun- 
try.    Prodigious  extendons  of  territory 
are  here  connefled  i  and  from  the  ra- 
pidity with  which  the  weftern  parts  of 
Canada,  Lake  Erie,  and  the  Kentucky 
coontries  are  fettling,  we  may  anticipate 
an  immenfe  intercourfe  between  them. 
The  flour,  corn,  flax,  and  hemp,  raifed 
for  exportation    in  that  great  country 
between  the  Lakes  Huron  and  Ontario, 
will  find  an  outlet  through  Lake  Erie 
and  thefe  rivers,  or  down  the  MiflTilippi. 
The  Ohio  merchant  can  give  a  higher 
price  than  thofe  of  Quebec  for  thefe 
commodities; ;    as   they  may  be  tranf- 
ported  from  the  tbrmer  to  Florida  and 
the  Weft   India  iflands,  with  lefs  ex- 
penfe,  rifle  and  infurance,  than  from  the 
latter }    while    the   expenfe  from    the 
place  of  growth  to  the  Ohio  will  ::>ot 
nc  J  of  what  it  would  be  to  Quebec, 
and  much  lefs  than  even  to  the  Oneida 
Lake.  The  ftream  of  the  Sciota  is  gen- 
tie,  no  where  broken  by  falls.   At  Ibme 
placei,   in  the  Ipring  of  the  year,  it 
overflows  its  banks,  providing  for  large 
natural  rice  plantations.     Salt  fprings, 
coal  mines,  white  and  blue  clay,  and 
irte-ftone,  aboond  in  the  country  ad- 
joining this  river.     Its  mouth  is  in  N. 
lat.  38.40.  W.  long.  83.  30.  about  300 
mile:*  below  PittJburg,  and  is  navigable 
to  its  fource  in  canoes. 

Scipio,  a  poft-town  of  New- York, 
Onondagoco.  on  thcE,  fide  of  Cayuga 


SCO  497 

Lake,  14  miles  fouth-caft  of  Geneva, 
S9  S-  W.  by  W.  of  Onondago,  ami  461 
N.  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  Tbia 
townfliipwas  incorporated  m  1794,  .aiul 
comprehends  in  ite  jurifdiAion  the  town- 
fliip  of  Sempronius,  together  with  that 
part  of  the  lands  refenred  to  the  Cayuga 
nation  of  Imlians,  on  the  E.  flde  or  the 
Cayuga  Lake;  fouth  of  a  weft  line 
drawn  from  the  fouth-wefterly  comer 
of  the  townfliip  of  Aurelius,  in  the  E. 
bounds  of  the  faid  refervation  to  this 
faid  Cayuga  Lake.  The  county  courts 
of  Onondago  co.  are  held  at  Manliua 
and  Scipio  alternately.  The  lands  are 
very  fertile.  The  courts  are  at  prefent 
held  in  the  plcafant  village  of  Aurora, 
on  the  bank  of  Cayuga  Lake. 

SciTUATB,  a  toNviifliip  of  Maflachu* 
fetts,  on  the  hay  of  that  name,  in  Ply. 
mouth  CO.  x8  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Bofton. 
It_  was  incorporated  in  1637,  and  con- 
tains 1856  inhabitants.  Scituate  har- 
bour IS  N.  W.  of  Marflifield  Point, 
and  S.  S.  E.  of  the  Haddock  Rock, 
and  about  16  miles  northward  of  Ply. 
mouth,  in  the  direflion  of  the  land.  A 
mill-pond  in  this  town  being  fuddenly 
drawn  off  by  a  breach  in  the  dam,  in 
the  winter  feafon,  fome  years  ag^,  exhi- 
bited a  matter  of  fpeculation  to  many 
of  the  Inhabitants.  The  fwine  of  the 
neighbourhood  rooted  op  houfe  fwal- 
lows  in  great  quantities,  from  the  fpot 
which  the  water  had  left,  which  they 
ate  greedily.  Swallows  have  been  found 
In  leveral  other  places  j  at  Eeg  Har- 
bour, in  New- Jerfey,  in  a  marmy  place, 
a  large  cedar  being  blown  down,  a  vaft 
■umber  of  fwallows  were  found  in  the 
mud  of  the  root. 

Scituate,  a  townfliip  of  Rhode- 
Ifland,  Providence  co.  between  Foftci' 
and  Johnfton.  It  contains  1315  inha- 
bitants. It  is  «7  miles  N.  W.  of  New- 
port, and  n  S.  W.  b3r  W.  of  Provi- 
dence. On  the  line  which  I'eparates  the 
town  from  Kent  co.  S .  is  the  foundary  for 
cannon  and  bells,  called  Hope  Furnace. 

ScooDiCK,  or  Schudickt  a  river  of 
Wafliington  co.  Diftrift  of  Maine.  It 
is  properly  an  arm  of  the  inner  bay  of 
Paflamaquoddy.  De  Mens  and  Cham- 
plaine  called  it  Etchemins.  Its  main 
fource  is  near  Penpbfcot  river,  to  which 
the  Indians  have  a  communication  ; 
the  carrying- place  acrofs  is  hut  3  ndles. 
Scoodicic  lak6s  lie  in  a  chain  between 


Scoodick  and  Penpbfcot  rivers. 


Scotch 


49^  SCR 

SCOTCH  PAuM/i »  village  in  Efllx  eo. 
New-J«rr«)ri  on  a  N>  C.  branch  of  Ra. 
jiton  I iver>  between  WeAfieUl  ami  Tur< 
fcy  )  II  miles  W.  of  EUtahctU  Town, 
und  aa  far  northward  of  New-Brunl- 
wick. 

Scotland  AVcil',  a  village  of  N.  Ca. 
roliiia,  whrre  i»  a  poft>oiSce)  396  miles 
from  Philiuielphia. 

Scot  land,  New.  ^tt  Nova-  Scotia. 

Scotland  Rl'vci'^  in  the  illand  of 

Barbadocs,  is  fcnrcely  dcferving  notice, 

elhei-wiie  than  being  almoft  the  only 

rivulet  in  the  ifland,  except  St.  JnCcph's 

rive*',  another  imall  brook.     It  riles  in 

St.  Andrew's  pariih,  and  falls  into  Long 

Bay  on  tlie  eatiem  lidc  of  the  iiland,  %\ 

miles  N.  W.  of  St.  Joleph'i  river. 

Scott,  a  new  county  of  Kentucky. 

Scots  Bay,  on  the  ibuth-wcft  coall 

•of  the  ifland  of  Dominica,  towards  tiie 

Ibuthern  extremity  of  the  ifland.    It  lies 

in   St.  Martin's  parlfli,  having  Scots 

Head    on  the  foutb,  and   Vaughan's 

Point  on  the  N. 

Scots  Coar,  on  the  fouth-weft  part 
of  tlie  ifland  ot  Jamaica. 

ScowUEGAN  FallSf  in  Kennebcck 
rivtr,  in  the  Diflri6\  of  Maine,  are  near 
the  town  of  Canaan.  Buat»  cannot  pafs 
this  fall.         * 

ScRiVAN,  a  good  haibonr  on  the  £. 
fide  of  the  Iflhmus  of  Darien,  but  lb  full 
«f  rocks  at  the  entrance,  that  none  can 
.{lai's  it  with  fafety,  but  fuch  as  are  ac- 
quainted there.  It  is  3  leagues  W.  of 
Sanballet  Point,  and  17  £.  of  Poitu 
Bello.  N.  lat.  9.  40.  W.  long.  78.  49. 
SCRiVEN,  a  new  county  in  the  lower 
Diflri^  of  Georgia. 

ScROON  Lakct  in  the  State  of  New- 
York,  lies  W.  of  Lake  George,  and  is 
a  dilatation  of  the  eaflern  branch  of 
Hudlbn^s.  river.  In  fome  maps  it  is  cull- 
ed ScaroH.  A  flnail  but  rapiil  flream 
enters  ii)to  it,  which,  in  Montgo.Tiery 
CO.  runs  under  a  hill,  the  bale  ot  which 
is  60  or  70  yards  diameter,  forming  a 
ir.ofl  curious  and  beautilml  arch  in  the 
rock,  as  white  as  fnow.  The  fury  of 
tlic  water  and  the  roughnefs  of  the  bot> 
turn,  added  to  the  terrific  noife  within, 
lias  hitherto  prevented  any  perfon  from 
piiUng  througii  the  chai'm. 

Scrub  JJUuiJ^  one  of  the  fmaller  Vir- 
gin lilands,  fltuated  totne  W.  of  Vir- 
girl  Gorda,  and  E.  of  the  N.  end  of  Tor- 
tula,  on  which  it  depends.  N.  lat.  18. 
>5.  W.  long.  6».  57* 


S  B  B 

Seabrook,  a  towndtipof  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  in  Rockingham  co.  on  the  roati 
from  Portl'mouth  to  Newbury  Port} 
about  16  miles  foulherly  of  the  former, 
and  6  nortjierly  of  the  latter.  It  was 
formerly  part  of  Hampton  {  was  ir.cor- 

t>orated  in  1768,  and  contains  71  j  in- 
tabitan's. 

ScAKOHNET  Poi$a  and  Roiksy  tlie  S. 
extremity  of  the  eaflern  fltore  which 
forms  the  entrance  of  Narragatil'ct  Hay, 
in  the  State  of  Rhode- Iflnnd }  about  6 
miles  eafl-fouth- eall  of  Newport. 

Seal  IJland,  MacbiaSf  oii  the  coaft 
of  the  Diilrift  of  Maine.  From  thence 
to  Grand  Manan  Ifland  the  courl'e  is 
£.  N.  £.  two  leagues  ;  and  to  Matini. 
cus  Ifland  W.  S.  W.  tG  leagues.  N. 
lat.  44.  27.  W«  long.  66.  52. 

Seal  Rivir,  in  New  North  Wales, 
runs  E.  to  Hudibu's  Bay,  into  which 
it  empties  c:dtward  of  Moole  river. 

Sea  Otter  SouttJf  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lies  Ibuth-eallerly^ 
of  the  Hazy  Iflandsk  N.lat.  55. 18.  W. 
long.  i33«47'  30-  . 

Searsburoii,  a  townfhip  of  Ver- 
mont, Bennington  CO.  11  miles  E.  of 
Bennington. 

Seavilv's  IJland.  See  Pafcaiaqua 
river. 

Sebaco,  an  ifland  on  the  W.  conft 
of  Mexico,  12  miLs  N.  of  Point  Ma- 
riat,  and  45  N.  E.  of  Quicara. 

Skbacook,  or  Sebago,  a  pond  or  lake 
of  the  Oilfrifl  of  Maine,  18  miles  N. 
W.  of  Portland,  is  equal  in  extent  to  2 
large  towafliips,  and  is  connc£led  with 
Long  Pond  on  the  N.  W,  by  Simgo,  or 
Songo  river.  The  whole  extent  ot  thefe 
waters  is  nearly  30  miles  norlh-wett 
and  fouth-eaft. 

Sebarima,  one  of  the  principal 
mouths  of  Orunoko  river  that  is  navi- 
gable for  fliips. 

Sebascoouagan  IJJand.  See  Harf/- 
nuelU 

SEBASTACOOK,arIveroftheDiftri6l: 
of  Maine,  that  riles  in  lakes  marly  N. 
from  its  mouth}  and  in  jts  wiiiilingi 
receives  i)iook!i  and  fmall  lireaiiis  ior 
tho  f'pace  of  150  miles,  and  joins  tha 
Keniicbeck  at  Taconnet  Fail,  wber,* 
Fort  Halifax  was  erected  in  1754.  Ih^; 
fall  i,s  eighteen  miles  from  f  ort  Wcf- 
tern,  which  was  built  in  175''.  Its  nu- 
merous ifreams  abound  with  imall  fifli, 
as  alewives,  &c< 

^ba3TIan,  C<^^,  5t»   the  eaftern 

point 


iO.Ol 


poiat 


SEC 

^int ,  of  the  Ouir  of  Darieu,  on  the 
I'oaft  of  the  Spanifh  Main»  is  <o  leaguei 
from  the  welUin  point  of  Cape  Tibu- 
i-on.  Here  was  funncrly  a  city*  which 
WHi  abandoned  on  account  of  ita  un- 
vyholefunte  fituation. 

Sebastian,  Caft  St.  oil  the  coaft  of 
California.  N.  lat.43.  W.lon£c<  ii^> 

Skbastian,  i^*/.     Stc  Rit  Jitntiro, 

SsiiAjiTlAN,  St,  a  town  of  Terra  Fir- 
ina,  on  the  cafttrn  lide  .of  the  Gulf  of 
Darien. 

Sebastian  ^nJ,  St.  nn  the  conft 
of  Brazil,  is  S.  W.  by  W.  from  the  bny 
of  Angra  dos  Reys)  to  the  enllward  of 
which  are  feveral  other  iflaiuls  of  iei's 
note. ,  The  city  of  Sdiadinn  is  large  and 
handfome,  and  the  capital  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Rio  Janeiro,  being  feated  at  the 
mouth  of  the  rlvcr  of  tliat  name.  Si  latk 
sa.  54.,  W.  long;  4f .  1 1 . 

Sebastian  River,  St.  or Spanf/b  Ad- 
miral's Creek,  on  the  E.  coaft  of  Eali- 
Florida,  has  a  communication  with  In- 
dian river.  Oppofite  this  river  the  admi- 
ral of  the  Plate  Fleet  periflied  in  1715. 
The  red  of  the  fleetj  14.  in  number,  wera 
loft  between  this  and  the  fieach  yard. 

Sebastian  de  la  Plata,  %  i'mall 
place  in  the  jurifdiflion  of  ^opayanj  in 
the  province  of  Quito,  fix  miles  north- 
eaft  or  Pbpayan.  It  ftands  on  a  large 
plain  on  the  bank  of  the  river  Galli, 
and  is  fubjc^  to  earthquakes.  There 
are  filver  mines  in  its  vicinity;  hi.  lat. 
3.44-W.  biigr.  74.  I. 

Sebou,  or  Sihou,  fmall  iflandson  the 
coaft  of  Cape  Breto^  illand;  oif  the 
ibuth  point  of  Port  Dauphin. 

Secas  isLANl^s,  or  S)ry  IJlanJs,  on 
the  W.  coaft  of  New-Mcxico,  are 
within  Bahia  Honda,  or  Peep  Bay,  an-.i 
iz  miles  from  Point  Ch|i'i()ui,  the  limit 
of  the  bay, 

Sechura,  a  town  of  Peru,  ten 
leagues  fouth  of  Piura,  fituafed  on  the 
bank  of  a  river  of  its  own  nanw,  a 
league  from  the  ocean.  It  contains 
abput  400  families,  all  Indians ;  chiefly 
employed  in  fifhing  or  driving  of  mules. 
They  are  remarkably  ingenious,  ami 
giinerally  fticceed  in, whatever  they  ap- 
ply themfelves  to.  The  D.'fci  t  oF  Se- 
chura is  a  frightful  wufte  of  land,  ex- 
tending 30  leagues  to  the  town  of  Mo- 
rope\  which  lee,  S.  lat.  5.  32.  33. 
W.  long.  79.  41. 

SeckLtOno,  a  town  of  NL-w-Sp-»in, 
OQ  the  Molquito  ihors,  on  the  N.  wcl- 


S  E  M  499 

tern  (Ide  of  Golden  river;  about  tos 
miles  from  Cape  Gracias  a  Dioi,  at  tlio 
mouth  of  th«  river. 

Seo,  Cafes  a  promontory  on  the  N, 
fide  of  the  ifljnd  of  Cuba,  and  iSlcagiiea 
from  the  Havannah. 

SsDowiciC,  a  tuwnfhip  of  the  Dif* 
trift  of  Maine,  Hnncock  co.  on  Naf-. 
keag  Point,  which  bounds  Penobfcot  on 
the  N.  E.  It  txtvnds  up  to  the  town 
of  Penobfcot,  and  >«  3 1 5  miles  N.  E . 
of  Botion, 

Seekhonk  Rinjtf  is  the  name  of 
that  part  of  P^wtuckct  river  below 
Pawt\ickct  Bridge  ami  Falls )  from 
which  to  its  moutii  at  Fox  Point,  in  the 
town*  of  Providence,  is  a  little  morethfn 
four  miles.  Over  it  arf>  two  br;dgei» 
connc<5ling  Providence  in  Rhode-Ifland 
with  the  State  of  Mafliichufetts,  viz. 
India  biidge,  and  thrre.fourths  of  a 
mile  above  that  Central  bridge.  S«e 
Vawtuckct. 

Seewee  Bay,  or  /?i(//V  Harbour,  on 
the  cnnft  of  S;  t!arolina»  lies  nearly  at  an 
equal  diftance  fouth-weft  of  Ca)>e  Ro- 
man, and  north  eaft  of  Charlefton  En* 
trance,  having  feveral  ifles  which  form 
the  bay. 

Segovia,  New,  a  finall  city  in  the 
;i)rililii5li<  nufGuatimalai  in  New-Spain, 
30  miles  north  of  New-Granada,  It 
has  feveral  gold  mines  in  its  neighbour- 
hood, though  the  city  is  iinull  and 
thinly  inhai)ited.  N.  lat.  la.  4s,  Wj 
long.  87.  31.  , 

SeguataNBio.     See  Cbequetan,     * 

Seguing  IflanJ,  or  Sgqum,  on  the 
C9aft  of  tiic  DiftriL^  of  Mume,  is  one  of 
the  Ibuthernmolt  idands  in  (^^afco  Bay  ; 
bct'.vten  Cape  ^mnll  Point  and  George 
Town.  There  is  a  liijht-houfe  on  this 
iliandwhich  contains  a  repeating  li(>ht, 
IbconrtniiKd  ns  to  difappear  once  every 
minute  rind  ;i  haU,  which  diftinguiftt^ 
it  from  Portland  light,  N.  at.  43.  S^* 
W.|i;rig.  6fj.  ?o.  i,ri'..^'k 

Segura  df  la  Frontera,  a  large 
town  ill  the,  piovlnce  of  Tlntcaia,,  aiuji 
^;ingdoln  of  Mexico,  fevi-nty  miles 
weft  of  Xiiappa,  ajul  in  tlie  road  froifi 
Vera  Cruz  to  Mexico.  T!>c  lurround- 
ing  country  has  a  temperate  air,  .and'*-. 
is  remru'kahly  fruitful,  producing  J  jvi-g« 
quantities  of  corn-  and  fruits,  particu-? 
larly  grapes      N.  lat.  19.  28.  W.  lon^. 

100.    TO. 

Seminoles,  a  divlfion  of  the  Creek 

nation  of  Indians..    They  inhabit  the 

1  i  1  flat. 


Soo 


SEP 


flat,  level  country  on  the  rivers  Apala- 
chicela  and  Flint.    See  C«ikt, 

SlMPtONlUs,  a  townlhip  of  New- 
Yt>rk,  nearlv  in  the  centre  of  the  cmtn- 
t^of  Onondago,  ii  10  milea  fouth-calt 
troin  the  ferry  on  Caytiga  Lake.  It  it 
within  the  jurilUiAion  of  the  tovmfliip 
of  Scipio. 

Senica,  a  (own  of  New- York*  O- 
nondago  co.  lately  laid  off  into  fireeta 
an(>  l^uarcs,  on  the  north  fide  of  Seneca 
Falla«  The  cntcrprifing  proprietor! 
are  eroMng  ilour  and  fiiw  inulai  of  the 
heft  kind*  on  this  never  failing  (treani } 
and  from  its  eentral  fituation,  both  by 
lanti  and  water,  between  the  eaftem  and 
wcftem  countrieiy  beins  at  the  carrying 
placcf  it  promiles  a  rapid  inereafe.  The 
proprietor*  have  expended  large  fums 
of  nionev,  not  only  in  ereiline  milla,  hut 
in  buikfing  a  convenient  bridge  acroft 
Seneca  river,  and  are  now  co-operating 
with  the  enterprifing  Gen.  Williamfon 
in  making  a  good  waggon.road*  to  Ge- 
neva. 

Seneca  Creekt  in  Kfaryland,  has  two 
branches  {  one  of  which  la  called  Little 
Seneca.  It  empties  into  Patowmac  riv- 
er, about  19  mdes  N.  W.  of  the  mouth 
of  Rock  Creek,  which  feparates  George 
Town  fram  WaOiingtoii  city. 

Sbneca,  Lakt.  See  Canada  Sage 
Lakt, 

SfiNtCA  RitftTt  in  the  State  of  New. 
York,  rife*  in  the  Seneca  country  j.irHas 
cadwardly,  and  in  its  paflitge  receiveB< 
the  waters  of  Seneca  and  Cayuga  lakes, 
(which  lie  north  and  ibutn  10  or  is 
miles  apart}  each  is  between  30  and  4.0 
miles  in  length,  and  a  mile  in  breadth) 
and  empties  into  the  Ohondago  rivec,  34 
miles  below  the  falls,  at  a  place  called 
the  Three  Rivets.  The  river  is  boata- 
ble  from  the  lakes  downwards.  Within 
half  a  mile  of  the  rivrr  is  the  famous 
Si^lt  Lake.  See  OtmiJt^tt  County,  and 
Military  Toivn/bips. 

Sen  EC  as,  a  tribe  of  Indians,  one  of 
the  Six  Natioas.  They  inhabit  on  Ge- 
neflee  river,  at  tht  Ginieffee  CaiUc.  The 
ti'ibecanMs>ofabout  i^tofouls.  They 
have  two  towns  of  60  or  7o>  foul*,  each, 
on  Freneh  Creek  in  Pennfylvania,  and 
another  town  on  BuiFaloe  Creek,  and 
two  fmall  towns  on  Alleghany  river. 

Si^NTER  Harbenrt  in  the  north-weft 
part  of  Lake  Winnipifeogee. 

SCPAILATI0N  Bajft  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  is  %  league*  within  Cape  iUl- 


8  ES 

tar,  it  the  weft  end  of  the  ftraltv,  and 
lie*  W.  of  Tuefday  Bay. 

SERENA,  L*.    See  Cequiiiihtk 

8erko»ppi»  a  captainfliip  of  Braiilr 
fo  named  from  a  river  of  the  fame  name,, 
running  through  the  middle  of  it,  aritl 
falling  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat. 
ti.  is.  fouth.  It  i*  buundtd  north  by 
the  river  St.  Francis^  and  I'uuth  by  that 
of  Todos  lo»  Santos.  It  produces  fugnr 
and  tobacco  in  confiderable  ouantities. 

Srrecu'PB,  the  capital  or  the  above 
captainfliip,  with  a  harl'otir  on  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  4^  leagues  N.  E.  of 
St.  Salvadoite.  It  is  fituatcd  on  a  rifing 
ground  on  the  north  fule  of  Va^aharis 
river,  33  miles  from  the  iVa.  It  is  very 
inconfiderable ;  but  has  fome  filver  mines 
in  its  neighbourhood.  S.  lat.  11.  -no.. 
W..long.  31.  s. 

SERaANA,  an  ifle  between  Jamaica 
and  the  cuaft  of  Nicaragua,  which  took 
its  name  from  one  j'rrrairarwho  parted 
with  the  fleet  from  Spain,  in  tht  time  of 
Charles  V..and  was  fliipwrecked  on  the 
rocks  of  this  ifland  {  but  having  galicd 
the  fliore  by  fwimming,  he  fownd  there 
neither  herbs,  trees,  nor  water^and  went 
overall  the  ifland,  whiah  is  about  (-miles 
in  circuit,  without  finding  any  thing  to 
quench  thirft  or  fatisfy  hunger.  Prmtl 
at  laft  with  extreme  hunger,  he  caueht 
fome  crabs  on  the  fliore,  which  were  his 
food  for  fome  days }  and  then  feeing  large 
turtles  which  came  afliore,  he  caught 
fome  of  them.  Having  lived  for  three 
year*  in  this  manneiv  on  crabs  and  tur* 
ties,  and  drank  nothing  but  rain-water 
which  he  gathered  in  turtle-flielis,  he 
difcovcred  another  companion  in  mil- 
fortune,  who  had  alfo  been  fliipwreck- 
ed. This  companion  was  fome  com- 
fort to  him»  and  they  lived  four  years 
together  }  at  the  end  of  which  time^  a 
veilcl  coming  near  the  ifland,.  carried 
them  both  to  Spain.  The  laft  of  the(e 
dietl  on  the  way  thither  j  but  Serrana 
was  carried  to  Germany,  and  prefenied 
to  Charles  V.  as^a  kind  of  prodigy,  for 
all  his  body  was.  overgroWn  with  hair 
like  a  bear,  and  his  beard  came  down  to 
his  waift.-  The  emperor  beftowed  oiv 
him  4800  ducats  to  be  yaid  in  Peru ; 
:  but  he  died  on.  his  way  to  Panama,  as 
he  was  going  to  receive  them. 

Sbseme  ^a>h  a  river  of  the  N.W. 
Territory,  wliicit  empties  through  the 
wefternbank  of  Illinois  river,  about  iSo 
miles  fcom  tlie  Miflifippi.  Its  mouth  is 

40  yards 


S  E  Y 

40  yardi  wide}  ami  the  land  bonlerhig 

on  it  ii  verygwHi.  It  Is  huatahle  60  milci. 

6BVKN  Bnlttrtt  fmall  iflandt  on  the 

north  coall  of  the  tfland  of  8t.  Domin- 

They  lie  oppoftte  the  mouih  uf 


SH  A 


jot 


btite  Chrift  river,  or  Grand  Yaqui, 
Thiiy  have  occalioiied  leveral  wrecks, 
and  prove  a  (kelter  to  prtvateere. 

SiVBN  f^wuis  Bajt  on  the  north  fide 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence}  »{  leagues 
from  the  W.  end  of  the  ifland  of  Aati- 
cofti,  and  in  lat.  50.  «o.  N.  It  wai 
one  of  the 'French  pofti  for  trading  with 
the  Indians*  and  hae  a  very  fccure  har- 
bour  for  (hips  in  any  wind. 

61VEIIN,  a  fmaH  river  of  Maryland, 
of  (hort  courft;,  which  runs  fuuth^eaft 
to  Chefapeak  Bay.  It  paffes  by  Anna- 
polis city  on  the  N.  and  empties  into 
the  bay  about  two  miles  below  the  city. 
Sbvbrn,  r  river  of  New  South 
Wales,  which  purCuee  a  north  eaderly 
courfe,  and  enters  Hudfon's  Bay  at  Se- 
,vem  Huufe,  which  is  160  miles  eatt  of 
York  Fort. 

Sevjkr,  a  county  of  TennelTee,  Ha. 
milton  Di(tri£l.  In  1795  it  contained, 
according  to  the  State  cenfus,  3578  in- 
.habitants,  including  np  flaves. 

6e VILLA  Nfttvm,  a  town  which  was 
founded  by  the  famous  Er<)uivel,  on  the 
iHorthfideof  the  ifland  of  Jamaica}  a 
little  to  the  weftwanl  of  Mammee  Bay, 
and  the  fpot  .which  had  been  honoured ' 
by  the  refidence  of  Columbus,  after  his 
fltipwreck  in  1 503.  It  is  now  called 
-Suville  Plantation }  and  the  ruins  of  the 
ancient  town  are  ftill  viCble  in  fome  of 
•the  cane  fields. 

Sewee  Bajf  or  Buits  Narbem-t  on 
ithe  coaft  of  8.  Carolina,  is  fouth-we^ 
.of  Caoe  Carteret.     The  long  and  nar- 
row ifland  called  l^acoon  Keys  is  l)e- 
tween  Cape  Carteret  Ifland  and  the  en- 
trahce  to  this  harbour,  which  is  at  the 
N.  £.  end  of  Bull's  Ifland.  See  Seenuee. 
Sbyivo,  or  Sey<vOt  a  fettlemenr  in  the 
fouth-eaft  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingq,  on  the  upper  road  from  Higuey 
to  St.  Domingo  city ;  1 8  leagues  well 
by  north  of  the  former,  and  7,1^  N.  JE^.  of 
the  latrer.     It  is  alfo  is  leagues  north 
«f  the  little  iflai^  of  St.  Catherine,  on 
the  fouth  coatl  of  the  main  ifland.    It, 
is  not  that  founded  in  150a,  by  John  of 
Efquivel,  but   a  .fettlement  formed  in 
the  fame  canton  about  60  years  ago  by 
.feveral  nraaiers,  and  has  a  place  ofwor- 


augmented!  but  is  now  falling  todcctjr* 
The  parifli  contains  more  thaa  4000 
peribns)  the  greatcft  part  of  whom 
are  graaiers  or  hcrdimen,  free  mgractt 
or  people  of  colour. 

SHArTiiVRY,  a  confiderable  and 
flourifliing  townfhip  of  Vermont.  It 
has  Arlington  on  the  north,  and  Ben« 
nington  on  the  fouth*  and  contaiiM  1999 
inhabitants. 

SiiAO  Iflandt  near  the  entrance  int* 
Chriflmas  Sound,  on  the  iouth  coaft  of 
the  Ulapd  of  Terra  del  Fueg«.  The 
entiance  to  Port  Clerke  m  this  Ibund 
is  juft  to  the  north  of  fome  low  rocks 
which  lie  off  a  point  of  Shag  Ifland. 

Shallow  tordt  ia  that  part  of  Tm^ 
neflTee  river  which  is  x  too  yards  broad  { 
i\  miles  above  the  Whirl.  It  lies  be- 
tween Chatamiga  and  Chickaugoriversj 
which  fall  in  from  the  ibuth-eaft. 

Shallow  Wattrt  Prnt^  on  the  N. 
W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  lies  in  lat.  61. 
N.  Between  this  point  and  Shoal  Ne% 
which  is  3  degrees  uf  lat.  to  the  fmith- 
ward,  Capt.Cok  did  not  explore  the 
coaft,  on  accnint qf -the  ftuiUow water 
he  met  with. 

Shambe,  n  fmall  river  of  Weft  Flo- 
rida,  which  empties  intoPenfacola  Bay. 
It  admits  fliallops  fome  miles  up,  and 
boats  upwards  of  50  miles,. 

Suamokin.  a  former  Mqravian  fet« 
tlement,  a  little  below  the  town  of  Sun« 
bury,  in  Penni'ylvania. 

Shamokin  Crtek  runs  weftward  into 
Sufquehannah  river,  a  mile  fouth  of 
Sunbury,  in  Pennfylvania. 

Sh A N N OCK .  (JwHtry.  See  Rbodt' 
IJland  State. 

Shapleigh,  a  to  •  nfliip  of  the  Dif- 
tri£l  of  Maine*  on  the  W.  Une  of  York 
CO.  at  the  head  of  Moufons  river.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1785,  contains 
1329  inhabitantSy  and  lies  loSm^es  N. 
of  Bofton. 

Sharon,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Windlbr  co.  eaftwnrd  of  Koyalton,  and 
weftwanl  of  Norwicli  on  White  river. 
It  contains  569  inhabitants. 

Sharon,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachti- 
fetts,  Norfolk  co.  10  miles  fouth-wef- 
teily  of  Bofton,  It  was  taken  from 
Stoughton,  and  incorporated  in  11 765. 
It  contains  1994.  inhiabitanu. 

Shaiwn,  a  townihipof  Connefticui'j 

in  Litchfield  co.  boundad  eaik>by  Oom- 

I  wall,  from  which    it   is  ftfparated 


(hip.    towards  the  year  '1780  it  bad  I  Houfatonk  rircri  and  weft  %  thrHpK 


jM  S  H  A 

Um  cF  Neiv^Yiirlc  Ctatei.    It  it  about 
smnilctN.W.  of  Litchfield.    '     - 

e«AiiON,  a  village  in  G«oi-gia,  about 
5  nsilM  from  Savannah.  Iff  thin  place, 
juft  at  the  clofe  uf  the  war,  Gen.  Wayne 
VNM  attacked  in  a  furious  maimer  by  a 
body  of  Cherokee  Iitdians,  headed  by  a 
Britifli  ofEc^r^  They  fought  hand  to 
hand  manfully,  and  took  i  fuecet  of  ar* 
tiUery.  JBut  Gen.  Wayne^  at  the  iia- 
■ard  of  his  own  life,  gained  the  vi6lory 

Sharon,  a  new  tovvn  in  Seholarie 
cOi  New>York,  itscorpot-ated  ill  i7<)7. 

Sharkstown,  in  Qjieen  Anri«;*'/  co. 
Maryland.  ■  Ste  Kent  County. 

Sharpsburg,  a  poft  town  of  Mary* 
land,  WaOiington  cO.  about  t^o  miles 
from  Patowmac  river,  and  nearly  op- 
poilte  to  Shephefd^own,  in  Virginia,  at 
the  mouth  of  Shenandoah  river.  It 
conuin£  a  church,  and  abuur  a  50  houfes. 
It  is  9  miles  N.  N.  W.  of  Wiliialm's 
port,  69  Vl  i  by  N.  uf  Baltimore,  and 
xS-ji  W.  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Shawaneb,  and  Sbavan6M\  the 
former  the  Indian,  and  the  latter  the 
French  name  of  Cumberland  river,  in 
the  State  of  Tenntflce.  It  is  alfo  called 
Sbaioanee. 

Shawanese:,  or  Sbmvanees,  an  In- 
dian nation,  great  numbers  of  whom 
have  joined  the  Creek  confederacy. 
They  have  4.  towns  on  the  Tallapoole 
river,  containing  300  warriors;  and 
more  are  expefted  to  remove '  thither. 
By  the  treaty  of  p<;ace,  Aug.  3,  1795, 
the  United  •  States  agreed  to  pay  to 
this  tribe  r.  fum  m  band,  and  louo  dol- 
lars a  year  for  ever,  in-goods.  They  in- 
habit aifu  on  Sv  o  river,  und  a  brat'ch 
of  the  Muikir,>^um,  and  have  tiieir 
hunting-grounds  between  Ohio  river 
and  Lake  Erie.  They  are  generally  of 
a  fmali  fise,  rather  handfome  in  their 
fb'Ltures,  and  art  verv  cheerful  and 
crafty  peopli%  Counfelling  among  their 
eld  poople,  and  dancing  annong  their 
yu'ing  men  and  women,  take  up  a  great 
^art  of  their  time.^ 

Shawangunk,  a  townfliip  in  Uliler 
co/.Newyork  { hoiHuled  eaftrrly  byNcw- 
burgh  and-  Marlborough,  .'\nd  fourherly 
by  Montgomery  and  i:he  Platte  Kill.  It 
contains  SiaR  :..><abitants ;  of  whom  37.3 
are e  cflort,  and  3  50  fl.ives.  It  is  xo  m'xW^ 
frc  iiDoihen,  and  it  from  NewPaltz. 

ShawbheEN,  a  L infulierable  iiream 
of  Madacnur^'tts,  which  rifes  in  Beillurd, 
fl|  AIiddleii»(  ca.  and|  pafTmg  through 


SHE 

Billerica,  Tewklburyand  AndiDver.dtfi> 

charged  Itlelf  into  \lerriinack  rivers 
Sheba  {|f?<tv</.  SttSabai 
ShecatIca,  a  bay  of  v«y  irregtilar 
fhapc  and  breadth,  on  the  coal|t|ot  La- 
brador, N.  America}  h^jfJnjf  an  ifland 
of  its  uam^  at  its  mouth. '  It' is  fituated 
between  lat.  51.^4.  and'ji.  aS;  N.and 
between  Ibrtg.  58*  i<.  4nd  5«. '»».  W. 
ShbcuakV,  a  lake  of  New  North 
Walts,  formed  like  a  bow.  It  receives 
ChurAill  rtver  from  thefouth*Weft  and 
at  its  N.  E.  end  has  communication 
with  BeVbazOn  Lake,  which  lies  due  N. 
and  fouth.  At  the  fouth  end  of  the 
latter,  the  waters  of  both  lakes  run  E. 
under  the  name  of  Seal  river,  which 
empties  into  HudfUn's  Bky  at  Churchill 
Fort,  between  Button's  Bay  on  the  N. 
and  Cape  Churchill  on  th«  fouth-eaft. 
Both  lakes  ire  long  and  narrow. 

Shediac,  a  harbour  on  the  eaftern 
coaft  of  New-Bruhfwick,  and  on  the 
W.  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  %*.  Lawreuctj 
53  miles  louth-eaft  of  Miramichi  Bfey. 
Sh  EEPscot,of  Sheepfcuti%irM\\  riv- 
er of  the  Diftriil  of  Maine;  which  empi 
ties  into  the  ocean  to  the  EJ  of  Ken- 
ntbeck,  and  is  navigable  ao  or  30  miles. 
On  the  W.  fide  of  this  river  is  the  ex- 
ceJIent  port  called  Wifcaffet,  in  the 
townfhip  of  Pownalboro\igh.  Newcaltle 
townftjip  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  on 
this  river,' and  extends  from  SheepCcot 
to  Damarifcotfa  river.  The  compafl 
part,'vv>hieh  is  a'poft-town,  is  10  miles 
N.  E.  of  WifcaCt.  Sheeprcot  har- 
bour has  high  watei ,  at  full  and  change, 
45  minutes  after  jo  o'clock }  depth,  9 
fathoms. 

Sheep's  Cow,  on  the  eaft  'coaft  of 
Newfoundland,  lies  between  Bay  Ro- 
bert and  Port  Grave. 

Sheffield,  a  townfliip  in  the  north* 
ern'  part  of  Caledonia  co.  V'ermon*. 

Sheffield,  a  poll- town  of  Mafl*a- 
chirfttts,  BerkThirc  coi  30' miles  fouth- 
taft  of  Hud  Ton  in  the  State  of  NeW- 
Yojk,  145  wcft-routh-wi'ft  of  Bofton, 
and  «57  north-talVof  PljibJtlphia.  It 
wai  incorporated  in  173),  and  contains 
r,S99  inhabitants.'  Honlatcnic  river,- 
which  is  nine  rous  iii  bitadth,  pafles 
ihiough  if  from  north' to  fouth,  which 
with  ii«  branches  fiipply  water  for  fe- 
veral  mills  and  iron  works.  South  Moun- 
tain extends  the  whole  lenfrth  of  the 
town,  along  rlie  eaft  fide  of  the  river. 
She  LBU  RN  e,  a  townlhip  of  Vermont, 

Chiitendeu 


CJ. 


r.difi. 


SHE 

Ch'ittieixlen  co»  on  tlie  eaft  fide  of  Lake 
ChampUin.  It  has  Burlington  on  the 
north,  and  Charlotte  on  the  ibuthi  ind 
contains  389  inhabitants. 

Shelsvrnb,  an  interior  townfhip  in 
Grafton  co.  New-HampOtire.  Kt  was 
incorporated  in  tji^t  and  contains  35 
inhabitants. 

Shelbvknb,  a  township  in  Harop- 
fliire  county,  Maflathufitttv,  adjoining 
Greenfield. 

Shelburne,  atownoFNova  Scotia, 
at  the  head  of  a  bay  which  runs  up 
from  Port  Rofeway,  at  the  fouth-weft 
part  of  the  province.  In  17S3,  it  cori- 
tained,  600  families,  hut  is  now  lefs 

Eopnlous.     It  is  18  mites  north -ea(t  of 
tarrington,  and  ii  fuuth-wcft  by  ibuth 
•f- Halifax. 

Shelby,  a  new  county  of  Kentucky^. 

Shelter  IJlauJ,  ar  the  eaft  end  of 
Long  Iflanii,  in  Suffolk  co.  New- York, 
lies  3  leagues  weft  of  Gardner's  Kland. 
It  is  about  5  milci  from  euft  to  weft, 
and  7  from  north  to  fouth.  It  is  a  fruit- 
ful (pot,  containing  shout  8000  acres  ; 
)«as  incorporated  m  i738,  and  contains 
ftoi  inhabitants,  of  whom  34.  are  tl<iCt- 
■  ors.  Confiderable  numbets  of  cattle, 
theep  and  poultry  are  railed  here. 
Wiicn  you  leave  SiieJter  Ifland  on  j-our 
larboard  hand,  and  run  weft  by  north 
about  5.or  6  miles,you  will  ope:,  a  large 
Iwy  wlicre  100  ikil  of  vefltis  may  iie 
fafe  and  anchor  in  3  or  4.  fathoms. 

Shenandoah,  ^  county  of  Virginia, 
iiuundcd  north  by  Frederick,  and  foiith 
by  Kockingl^um.  It  containt*  10,510 
inhabitants,  inciiid'ng  5iillaves.  Chief 
town,  WoodrtbclL 

Shenandoah,  a  river  of  Virginir., 
whichrii'es  in  Augulf  1  co.  aiid  after  run- 
ning a  north  ealt  courie  of  about  ji^o 
miies,  it  j(.in$  the  Patowmack  in  ahout 
Jat.  38.  4..  jult  betbre  tiie  Utttr  burftii 
through  the  Blue  Kidge.  It  is  naviga- 
ble about  100  n)ilts  }  and  ma/  be  ren 
dered  fo  nearly  itii  wli'qle  courll-  at  u 
imall  expenie.  Whai  this  is  done,  it 
will  bear  the  produce  of  the  richeft  part 
of  the  State. 

Shenandoah  Valky,  exrends  from 
Winchcftcr,  in  Virginia,  to  CarliHe  and 
(he  Sul'quei)annah,in  Penrfylvania,  and 
is  chi(;f)y  inhabited  by  Genpans  and 
Dutch. 

^HEPHERDBFiELD,  a  plantation  of 
the  Diftrifl  of  Maine,  in  CumSicrland 
cj.  containing  ^30  iuhabituus. 


SHI  S03 

Shxvhbrdstqwn,  or  SbipherJJburgf 
a  poft-town  of  Virginia,  fituated  in  Berk- 
ley CO.  on  the  fouth  fide  of  PatowRuiclc 
river.  Its  fituation  is  healthy  and  agree- 
able, ami  the  neighbouring  country  it, 
fertile  and  well  cultivaied.  It  contains 
alwut  2000  inhabitants^  moftly  of  Ger- 
man extra6tion.  It  lies  at  the  month  of 
Shenandoah  riverf  oppufite  to  Sharpf- 
burg;  10  milet  eaft  by  fouth  of  Mar-, 
tiniburg,  and  178  foutli'weft  by  weft  of 
Philadelphia. 

Sherburne,  in  Maflachuletts )  fee. 
Nojituciet. 

Sherburne,  i&  townfliip  of  New- 
York,  Herkemer  co.  By  the  State  cen- 
i'usof  1796,  it  contains  4S3  inhabitants, 
of  wlvom  79  are  electors. 

$HETVCKBT,a  riwrrof  Conne£licut, 
which  is  formed  by  the  junAipn  of 
Willomantic  and  Mount  Hope  rivers, 
and  after  running  eaft  a  few  miles,  pur- 
lues  a  ibuthem  courfe,  and  uniting  with 
Qninabaug  river,  empties  into  the 
Thames  in  the  fouth  part  of  the  town* 
ihip  of  Norwich. 

Shi  MENS  Portt  on  the  north  fide  of 
theifland  of  St.  Johii,  in  the  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence.  Its  entrance,  weft  of  St. 
Pfter's  harbour,  i«  i^cry  narrow;  but 
the  baton  wi'hiii  :s  very  fpstcious. 

SuiNfMO  Mountains^  in  the  north- 
weft  p^rt  of  North- America,  are  litLJe 
known.  It  is  conjectured  that  they  ter* 
ininatc  in  2iM)Pt  lat.  47.  or  48.  N.  where 
a  number  of  rivers  rile,  afid  empty 
themiv'lves  either  into  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  into  Hudfon's  Bay ;  into  tlie 
water*  which  lie  between  them,  or  into 
the  Atlantic  Ocean.  They  are  called 
alio  t lie  Mountains  of  Bright  Stones ,  on 
account  of  the  immen  e  number  of  large 
cryftals,  ftiooring  frcn  the  rocks,  and 
f'parkling  in  the  rayf  of  the  lun,  fo  as'to 
be  l<:en  at  a  great  d  dance. 

Smv  I/la/tdt  lies  betv/een  Horn  and 
Cat  Ifland,  on  the  coaft  of  Weft- Flori- 
da, aiid  1;;  ahoui  10  miU'S  fouth  of  the 
Bay  of  Bljoyi.  It  is  9  miles  long  »nd  * 
broad  ;  produ.ccj  pine  t^^ecs  and  grafs, 
and  ha^  a  t^cjable  -A'ell  of  water  in  it. 

Shipbandstown,  in  Virginia,  on 
the  fouth  fide  of  the  PatQwmapi^,  40  or 
50  milejj  from  Alexandria. 

SHipPENsBURG,apjft-townjofPeni|- 
fylvania,  Cumberland  co.on  abnti.chof 
Conedogwiimet  Creek,  which  einptiec 
into  the  Sufquehannah  {  and  contains 
about  60  houies,  •chiefly  built  cf  ftone. 

114  *    It 


V 


S04 


S  HR 


It  i*  *i  miles  north  by  eaft  of  Cham- 
beiibui^r  ^  like  diftitnct  fouth-wd)  of 
Carlifle,  aud  14.6  imft  of  Philadelphia. 

Skirlby*  a  townfliip  of  Mafl'Achu- 
fctttt  in  the  north-weft  part  of  Middle- 
fex  CO.  41  mile*  N.  W.  of  Boftun.  It 
WM  incorporated  m  17531  and  contain* 
6f7  inha)>itant«. 

Shirley,  a  rownihip  of  Pennfylva. 
QM»  iituated  in  Himtingdon  county. 
«  SHOAI.S,  f/Us  tf,  tkve  7  in  number, 
fituated  on  the  coa/tof  New-Hampfliiit; ; 
and  to  thefe  the  celebrated  Cspt.  John 
Smith  gave  his  own  name,  but  the  in- 
gratititde  of  man  ha*  denied  hi*  memory 
that  fmelt  honour.  The  Ifle  of  Shoal* 
to  the  Dry  Salvage  Rock,  the  coiirfe  '.s 
S.  f  W.  8  leagues ;  toPorti'mouthN.N. 
W.-3  leagues  J  to  Newbury-Port  Bar 
S,  W.  7  league; ;  to  York  harbour  N. 
^£.5  league*.  N.  lat.  41.  59.  W.  long. 
76.  33. 

SkoeNBCK,  a  Moravian  fettlement in 
Pennrylvania,  near  Nazareth }  begun  in 

J757. 

Shorkham,  a  townftiip  of  Vermont, 
Addifon  co.  on  the  eatt  fide  of  Lake 
Champlain,  having  Oi-well  on  the  foiith 
and  Bridport  on  the  N.  a  little  N>  £•  of 
Ticonderoga,  Itcontninsy  1 1  inhabitants. 

ShR£WSBV^y,  a  Doft-town  of  New- 
Jci-fcy,  Monmouth  co.  on  the  fea  board, 
having  Middletown  on  the  N.  Freehold 
W.  and  Dover  Ibtuh-weiK  North  river 
divides  it  from  Middletown,  and  is  na- 
vigable a  few  miles.  This  town  is  1 5 
miles  north-eaft  by  eaft  of  Monmouth 
couit-houfe,  14.  ibuth-eaft  of  Middle- 
town  Point,  49  eafterly  of  Trenton,  33 
fouth-caft  by  eaft  of  Brunfwick,  and  79 
eallvnorth-eaft  of  Philadelphia.  The 
compact  ;.)art  of  the  town  is  pleafant, 
and  contains  anEpilcopal  and  a  Prelby- 
terian  church,  and  a  meeting-houle  for 
Friends.  On  the  iide  of  a  branch  of  Na- 
vefink  river,  in  this  town,  is  a  remark- 
able cave,  in  which  are  3  rooms,  arched 
with  a  loft  porous  rock,  through  which 
tlie  moifture  (lowly  exudes,  and  falls  in 
drops  on  the  land  below.  The  town- 
ship contains  4,673  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 214  fl-ives.  Much  genteel  company 
from  Philadelphia  and  New- York  re- 
fort  here  during  the  i'ummer  months, 
for  health  and  plcafure. 

Shrewsbury,  a  tov/nfljip  of  Ver- 
mont, ill  Rutland  CO.' between  Claren- 
don cy  rlie  weft,  and  Saltalh  on  the  eaft, 
and  cuniains  3ii}  inhabifsnts. 


8  Iff 

Shrewsbury,  a  townfliip  in  York 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Shrewsbury,  a  townfliip  in  Wor- 
cefter  co.  Maflachufetts }  6  miles  eaft  of 
Worcefter,  and  40  weft  by  fouth  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1^*7,  and 
contains  963  inhabitants  .n 

Shubenacadie,  a  river  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  which  rifes  within  a  mile  of  the 
town  of  Dartiituutb,  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Halifax  harbour,  and  empties  into  Cobe- 
quid  Bay,  taking  in  its  courfe  the  Slewi- 
ack  and  Gay's  rivers.  The  gi'cat  lake 
of  the  fimc  name  lies  on  the  £.  iide  of 
the  ro-id  which  leads  from  Halifax  to 
Windibr,  and  about  feven  miles  from  it, 
and  XI  miles  from  Halifax. 

Sf.VTESBUR  Y>  a  townfliip  of  Mafla- 
chufetts, Hampfliirc  co.  on  the  eaft  fido 
-jf  Conne^Ucut  river,  about  1,6  miles  N, 
£.  of  Northampton,  and  90  V/.  by  N. 
o(  Bofton.  ; 

SiARA,  or  Stara,  a  town  on  the  N« 
£.  coaft  of  Brazil,  in  the  captainfliip  of 
its  name.  3.  lat.  3,  30.  W.  long.  39.  co, 
Andrew  Vidal,  of  Negrciros,  was  chief 
magiftrate  of  this  city  in  the  year  1772, 
in  the  i24.th  year  of  his  age,  and  dif- 
charged  his  duty  as  a  judge  to  entire 
fatisfaflion  ;  and  died  z  years  after,  in 
fidl  pofleflion  of  his  mental  power*.  In 
1 773>  189  of  his  defcendants  were  alive. 

Sib  aldes,  iflands  on  the  coaft  cf  Pa- 
tagonia, in  S.  America.  S>  lat.  50.  53. 
W.  long.  59.  35. 

Sibau  Iflands f  on  the  coaft  of  Cape 
Breton  Ifland,  lie  off  the  fouth  point  of 
Port  Dauphin,  nnd  aftbrd  good  anchor- 
age. 

Sicca  Punto,  or  Dry  Pointy  on  the 
north  coaft  of  S.  America,  on  the  Span- 
ifli  Main,  is  the  north-weft  limit  of 
Triefte  Bay,  and  foutherly  of  the  iflaitd 
c     "Curacao. 

biCHEM,  formerly  a  fettlement  of  the 
Moravians,  on  the  eaft  line  of  New. 
York  State}  25  miles £.  S.E.  of  King- 
fton,  on  Hudlbn's  river. 

Sidney,  a  townfliip  of  New- York 
State,  on  the  north  line  of  Pefinfjivania, 
oppofite  to  the  mouth  of  Chtnengo 
river;  having  Sufquchannah  for  its 
north  and  eaftern  boundaiy. 

Sideling  /////,  a  range  of  hills  which 
lie  in  the  north- weftern  part  of  Mary- 
land, between  Alleghany  and  Waftiing- 
ton  counties,  which  arc  divided  by  the 
creek  of  the  fame  name. 

S|£RR£  Madre.    See  Andts. 

SILVER 


SIN 

Silver  Bkjft  a  coiifiderahle  height 
upon  the  Caioli.ia  (hore  of  Savannah 
river }  perhape  30  feet  higher  than  the 
low  lands  on  the  oppofite  ftiore,  which 
are  .fubie£k  to  inundations  in  the  fpring 
and  falU  This  fteep  bank  rifes  psi^n. 
di<>ularly  out  of  the  river,  difcovering 
various  ftrata  of  earth.  The  furface  of 
the  ground  upon  thitt  bhifF>  which  ex- 
tends nearly  two  miles  on  the  river,  and 
from  half  a  mile  to  a  mile  in  breadth,  is 
nearly  level,  and  a  good  fertile  ibif,  as 
npprars  by  the  vaft  oaks,  hickory,  mul- 
berry, black  walnut,  and  other  trees  and 
flirubi  left  ftanding  in  the  old  fi«lds, 
which  are  fpread  abroad  to  a  great  dif- 
tance.  .  Here  are  various  vellig(;s  of  the 
ancients ;  as  Indian  conical  mounts,  ter- 
races, areas.  &c.  as  well  as  traces  of  for- 
trefles  of  regular  formation,  as  if  con- 
(tru6led  after  the  modes  of  European  mi- 
litary archite6ls ;  which  Tome  luppofe  to 
be  the  ancient  camps  of  the  Spaniards, 
who  formerly  6xed  themfelves  here,  in 
hopes  of  finding  filver. 

Simon's,  St.  the  e.iftemmoft  of  the 
3  large  idands  tituated  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Alatamaha  river  in  Georgia,  having 
on  the  N.  N.  E.  Little  St.  Simn^s  If- 
landi  and  between  thefe  is  the  eaftern 
mouth  of  the  river.  The  Ibuthem  end 
of  the  ifland  is  near  the  N.  mouth  of  the 
Alatamaha.  It  formerly  had  a  Itrong 
battery  erefled  here,  for  the  defence  of 
Jekyl  Sound]  in  which  10  or  la  forty 
gun  (hips  may  ride  in  I'afety.  This  iO^md 
is  about  45  miies  in  length,  and  from 
two  to  four  ir  breadth ,  has  a  rich  and 
fruitful  foil,  full  of  oak  and  hickory 
trees,  intermixed  with  meadows  and 
old  Indian  fields.  In  the  middle  of  the 
ifland  is  the  town  of  Fredcrica.  The 
bai  or  entrance  of  St.  Simon's  is  8.  by 
W.  19  leagues  from  Tybee  Inlet. 

Simon's  Fort,  St.  at  the  fouth  end  of 
St.  Simon's  liland,  is  9  or  10  miles  from 
St.  Simon's  Bar ;  and  is  remarkable  for 
its  white  appenrance, 

SiMSBURYt  a  townfliip  of  Conne^i- 
cut,  in  Hartford  co.  14.  miles  N.  W.  of 
Hartfoixi.  Copper  ore  has  been  found 
here. . 

SiNEMAKONiNC,  a  N.  weftenimoft 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  river. 

SiNEPUXENT,  a  very  long  bay  on 
the  fouth- eaft  coaft  of   Maryland }  a 
number  of  long  and  narrow  ifland s  fe 
parating  it  from   the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
6ine|)ux«nt  Inlsti  is  ia  about  lat.  %%>  10. 


SIS  ^0$ 

30.  N.  and  neyly  i%  miks  eaft  of  the 
town  of  Snowhill. 

SiNG-SiNO,  an  inconfiderabU  village 
on  the  eaft  fule  of  Haivei^raw  Bay,  in 
Weft-Chefter  co.  35  miles  N.  of  Newr 
York  city. 

Si  NIC  A,  a  coniiderable  Cherbkcf 
town,  on  the  banks  of  Keojvee  river. 
The  houfes  on  the  eaft  iide  are  on  an 
elevated  fituatloiv,  and  command  a  dfe. 
lightful  and  extenfiv^e  profped  of  tbjP 
whole  fettlement.  The  inhabitants, 
about  500  in  number,  can  mufier  109 
warriors. 

Sinking  Spring  Falley.  See  Bald 
Eagle  Falley. 

SiNo,  or  Sinut  a  bay  on  the  N.  coaft 
of  Terra  Firma,  South- America.  Thei-e 
is  alfo  a  town  of  the  fame  name  on  tlie 
S.  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  Moroiquillo* 
about  66  miles  N.  E.  of  St.  Sebaftiaiii, 
and  40.  S.  W.  of  Tolu. 

Sious,  or  Sioux,  a  powerful  nation 
of  Indians,  confifting  of  three  diffctenc 
tribes,  which  can  furnilh  9,500  war* 
riors ;  the  S^ous,  who  inhabit  the  bead 
waters  of  the  MifTifippi  and  MiiTouriy 
3,000  warriors  \  the  Sious  of  the  Mea- 
dows, 2,500,  and  the  Sious  of  the. 
Woods,  4,000.  The  two  laft  inhabit  on 
the  head  and  Weftern  waters  of  the  Mif- 
nilppi,and  the  iflands  of  Lake  Superior^ 

SipsEY'8,  a  branch  of  Tombeckbee 
river,  in  Georgia,  which  runs  a  fcuth« 
weft  by  fouth  courfe.  Its  mouth  is  in 
about  lat.  31.  5.5.  N.  and 40  miles  N.  by 
W.of  the  upper  mouth  of  Alabama  river. 

Sir  Charles  Hardy s  IJland,  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  was  difcovered  in  1767, 
by  Captain  Carteret.  It  is  low,  level* 
and  covered  with  wood.  S.  lat.  4.  41. 
W.  long.  154.  ao. 

Sir  Charles  SaunJer^s  IJland,  in  the 
fame  ocean,  and  difcovered  by  the  fame 
navigator,  is  about  two  leagues  in  length 
from  E.  to  W.  S.  lat.  17.  a8.  W. 
long.  151.4. 

SiRius,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  fame 
ocean^  difcovered  by  Lieutenant  Ball, 
in  179a.  It  is  about  18  miles  in  cir> 
cuit.  S.lat.  10.51.  W.  long.  i6i.  30. 

Sisal,  on  the  north  coalt  cf  Yuca- 
tan, in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  4  league* 
wefi  of  Linchanchee,  and  8  eaft  of  Cape 
Condccedo.  It  is  the  higheft  look  out 
on  the  whole  coaft. 

SissiBou,  in  Nova-Scotia,  liea  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  St.  Mary's  Bay,  *i  milea 
foutU-eaft  of  Aunapolisi 

61  ITER*! 


Sq6  six 

Srsnii*«  Ftr^t  a  vilUffe  In  S.  Caro> 
lin»t  ^5  roii«i  from  Cooinwatchiet  and 
aea  lirovn  CKarlefton. 

Six  Mbhb*  f  «Xi  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  lAand  «f  Barbadoei,  towardi  the  N. 
fnd.  It  lice  between  SunderlambFort  to 
the  fouthi  and  Six  Mena*  Fort  to  the  N. 

Six  Nations,  a  eonfcderacv  of  In* 

£  nations  lb  called  by  the  BHtlfh  and 
ericans.  The  French  call  them 
uoia.  Formerly  they  were  called 
the  l^ive  Nations,  five  only  being  joined 
ki  that  alliance}  but  th«^  nowconfift 
of  fix  nations,  and  chII  themfelvea  Ag^- 
mfibumt  that  is,  the  tJmttJ  FeMt, 
Some  call  ihem  Ma^e$\  others  Ma- 

n't.  Thefe  ffx  nations  are  the  Mq- 
tht  Onrukut  Omndagns^  Snecas, 
CajMgas,  and  Tajiaroras,  The  latter 
joined  the  confederacy  70  years  ago.  In 
the  htewar  with  G.  Britain,  they  were 
aUies  of  that  power,  and  in  1779  they 
were  entirely  defeated  by  the  troops  of 
Congrefs,  and  their  towns  all  deftroycd. 
They  now  live  on  grounds  called  the 
State  Refenrattons^  which  are  interme- 
diate fpaces  fettled  on  all  fides  by  white 
people.  In  their  prefent  cramped  fit  na- 
tion, theycannot  keep  together  n  great 
while.  They  will  probably  quit  the 
United  States  and  nitre  over  the  lakes 
Ontario  and  Erie.  All  the  Mohawks 
smd  the  greater  part  of  the  Caytigas, 
Irave  already  removed  into  Canada. 
The  mnnber  of  Ibuls  io  all  the  fix  na- 
tions was,  in  1796,4,058.  The  Stock- 
bridge  and  Brotherton  Indians,  who 
sow  life  among  them,  added,  make  the 
whole  number,  4,5^S,  of  whom  760  live 
In  Canada,  the  reft  in  the  United  States. 
By  a  treaty  made  in  1794,  between  the 
T^nited  States  on  the  one  pait,  and  the 
^'  ,x  Nations  and  their  Imiian  friends  i-e- 
i  iing  with  tiKm,  on  the  biher  pnrr,  it 
vras  ftipulated  that  «  the  i'uni  of  4,5ro 
dollars  fhould  be  expended  aunuaily 
and  forever,  in  purchafmg  clo'athing, 
4!omeliic  anihnals,  implentenl*  of  huf- 
bandry,  and  other  utenlits,  and  in  com- 
pcnfating  uleful  artificers  who  (hall  re- 
nde  among  them,  and  be  employed  for 
their  benefit."  This  allowance  is  under 
the  dirtiVion  of  a  Aiperlntemiant,  and  is 
■ot  diftributed  for  any  piivate  purpoies. 
It  is  n;ipui'tiont-d  among  them  accord- 
ing to  their  numbers,  in  order  to  which, 
there  is  annually  taken  an  exa^cenCus  of 
all  thelic  Indians .  In  1796,  the  Frumis, 
couimJiily  called  Quakers,  in  their  be 


SK  E 

nerdknce  and  seal  to  promote  the  weU 
fare  of  thefe  Indians,  raifed  a  fund  to 
Aipport  a  number  of  their  foelcty,  whcr 
offered  to  go  and  vefide  among  them, 
with  a  view  to  promote  their  civilisa* 
tion,  moral  improvement,  and  rfeill  wel> 
fiirek  A  coninrittee  of  their  fociety  was 
apoolnted  to  accdmpany  thei'e  friends 
to  Humanity,  and  they  were  aAually  on 
the  fbot,  and  comm'enced  their  work  of 
charity  in  July  of  this  year.  The  State 
of  New-York  have  taken  thefe  Indians 
under  their  proteAion,  and  appointed 
commiflioners  to  take  care  thr.t  tnry  re< 
ctive  no  wrong  fiom  interefted  indivi- 
duals. 

Skaniatetes,  a  lake  in  Onondaga 
county,  New- York,  14  miles  long  from 
fouth-eaft  to  north-weft,  and  little  more 
than  one  mile  wide  where  broadeft.  It 
waters  the  military  townftiips  of  Mar- 
cellus  and  Sempronius,  and  fends  its 
waters  northerly  to  Seneca  river. 

Skenectady,  an  ancient  and  ref- 
pe£iabletown  in  Albany  co.  New. York, 
16  miles  north-weft  of  Albany  ei^y, 
pleafantly  fituated  in  a  vale  bordered 
with  hills  to  the  fouthward  and  eaft- 
wai-d,  on  the  margin  of  Mohawk  river. 
Thehoufes,  about  130  or  »oo  in  num- 
ber, are  compaiSlly  built,  chiefly  of  brick, 
on  regular  ftreets,  in  the  old  Dutch 
ftile,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  river:  few 
of  them  are  elegant.  Tlie  public  build- 
ings are  a  Dutch  and  a  Prefl)yteriaa 
church.  The  windings  of  the  river, 
through  the  town  and  fie'ds  which  are 
often  overflowed  in  the  fpring,  aflfb>"d  a 
rich  aiKl  charming  profpc^l  about  har- 
vcft  time.  This  town,  being  at  the  foot 
of  tiavigation,  on  a  long  river  which  pal- 
ies  through  a  vciy  fine  cotintiy  rapid- 
ly iettling,  it  would  be  natural  to  con- 
clwle,  woiiW  embrace  much  of  its  com- 
merce} but  originally  knowing  no  other 
than  the  fur  tiade,  which,  fince  the  re- 
volution, has  almoft  ceaiisd,  and  hav- 
ing taken  no  advantage  of  its  huppy  fi- 
tjiation  for  other  commerce,  the  pince 
has  confiderably  decayed!  The  chief 
bufinelK  of  this  town  now  is  to  receivt; 
the  merchandize  from  Albany  and  dm 
it  into  batteaux  to  go  up  tiic  river,  and 
forward  to  Albany  the  iVtnrns  troui  the 
back  country.  See  Mohaijck  River, 
UnioH  College  vfM  cfiablifiied  and  incor- 
porated here  in  1794,  and  is  under  the 
dire£lton  of  14  truliees.  It  took  its 
name  ironi  the  union  of  various  dcno- 

minationa 


(tt. 


II 


j30i 


4.9?3 


10 


S  K  E 

mtnattoni  of  Chnftitms  in  iti  eftat>llih* 
mi^iu.  1  he  Dutch  were,  however^  by 
far  tl'«  moft  'tbcral  benefaflors  to  this 
indittitioh.  It  it  well  filiated  foe  the 
cohvenieiiiy  of  tlje  nof'thern  and  wcrtem 

S3it»  of  the  Sutc."  Ii)  June,  1796, 
lerc  were  40  (liudcnt^,  <^ividt:d  intp  4 
cladws,  yiz;-^l  languages,  ^  l}i(lory  and 
heiltt  leitres,  '3  niuthemlktics,  4  ))hilo- 
fophVf  The  annual  cxpenf'e  qf  cducn- 
t'ionnere,'ihcluditig  bohio,  tuitlun,  ^c. 
u  lefs  than  joo  do.lais.  The  pf.  Jj^i ty 
of  the  f olk-ge  confift;*  in  ynijousi  ailiples, 
i;o  the  iollosving  ambuut)  vi?- 
Bond^  and  mortgages,  1    t^o///. 

priiducinK  an  anpual  S- 

intercft  ot  7  per  cei't.  j 
^ubfcriptioni,  md  otnerl 

debts  due  on  the  books  >■ 

of  the  trcaliu'er  3 

Cafli  appropriated  for  the  7 

purchafc  pf  book-       i 
Hoqie  and  lot  for  the? 

prtfidjint  J 

I,ot  for  the  fcltc  of  the  ? 

college  1 

Houi'e  and  lot  heretofore 
'    occupied  tor  the  aca- 
demy, adonation  iVom 

the  confiftory  of  the 

Dutch  church 
Books,  &c.  in  tiie  pof- 1 
'    fefliun  of  the  truitecs,  ( 

and  on  the  way  froii  i 

Europe  J 

Cafti 'Appropriated  by  the 
'    rt^cftta  for  the  p»ir- 

chale'idf  books  in  the 

liands  of  the  cbnimit- 

te-- 
I^cffacy     by    Abraham  "^ 

Yates,  jun.  Ef(j.  of  5- 

>'•■■•     ,    '  3 


Albany 


i>35<'    45 

3.500 

3,»S0 


5,000 


a,38i     99 


40a 


a  SO. 


■4.7,4.23  60 
And  1,604  acres  of  lan.^..  '  The  facul- 
ty of  the  college  cotiliJcd,  in  1797, 
bf  the  prefident  and  one  tytor  ;  and 
the  I'alary  of  the  formfer  with  an  hoiiic 
for  his  family  is  iioo  dollars,  and  of 
the  latter  665  dollais  per  annum,  with 
dn  additional  ailowaVice  at  piffent  'of 
aso  dollars,  on  account  of  the  cxtranr- 
dirtiry  price  of  the  nocefl'.u'ies  of  life. 
There  were,  in  1797,  37  ftudehts,  eight 
in  the  clafs  of  languages,  twenty  in  the 
clafs  of  hi Itorv  and  belles  lettrc^.  fix  in 
the  cl.'tis  of  mithemitics,  and  three  in 
the  clalj  of  plujfopliy.  *  The  covirfe  of 


SKt  joy 

fti^dicf  is,  thefirft  year  Virgil,  Ciccvo** 
orations,   Greek  Teftamcntt   tyxmt^ 
Romap  antiquities,  arithmetic  and  Eng. 
Ii(h  gramntar-— ihe   fccond  year,  «o-' 
griiphv  and  the  u(e  of  the  gtobci,  Jlo* 
man  hiftory,  liiftoiy  of  America^  «n(l 
the    Atnerii;an  revolution,  Xcnophoa, 
Horace,  critipilin   and  ^oquence-'-^faa 
third  year,  the  various  branches  of  nut- 
thematics,  and  vulgar  aivi  decimal  fra«« 
tions,  and  the  c^ftraflion  of  the  rootif 
geometry,  algebra,  trigonometry,  nwvU 
gation,  nienluratiun,  Xenophon  conti> 
nued.  and  Homcr—rand  the  fourth  aadt 
laft  year,  natural  philofophjr,  the  confti- 
tution  of  the  United  States  and  of  the 
diifcrcnt  States,  metaphyfics,  or  at  leaft 
that  part  wiiich  treats  or  the  philofoplnr 
of  the  humaii  mind,  Horace  coDtinuMl* 
and  Longinus  :    and  during  the  cour& 
of  thefe  (Indies,  the  attention  of  the  claf- 
ies  is  particularly  rt:quired  to  elocution 
and  cothpontion  in  the  Englilh  language* 
A  provjUon  is  alfo  made,  for  fubftitutmg 
the  knowledge  of  the  French  language 
inllead  of  theGreek,'in  certain  cafes,  if 
the  fimds  Hiould  hereafter  admit  of  in- 
(tituting  a  French  profcfforfliip.     The 
library Vonlilis  of  about  icoo  volumes, 
and  ,(Jsoo  is  appropriated  to  the  pur- 
chai'e  of  a  plillolbphical  apparatus.  The 
townfliip  of  Skene£lady  contains  3,47* 
inhabitants  ;  of  whom  683  ai'e  eleltors* 
and  3S(  ilavcs.     It  is  hounded  eaiterlf 
by  Half  Nf oon  and  Water- Vliet,  and 
fouthdly  by  the  north  bounds  of  the 
manor  of  Reiiflelaerwick. 

SKENtsBOROuisH,  now  called  ^/>//*- 
hall,  is  a  growing  townfliip  in  the  north- 
eait  Cyiner  of  the  Sate  of  New-York, 
(Ituated  on  Wood  Cretk,  on  the  fouth 
fuic  of  South  Bay.  This  is  a  piHce 
through  whic'.i  moft  of  the  communica* 
tion  and  trade  between  the  counties  on 
Lake  C'hamplain  and  Hudfon's  river 
;afll'S.  It  has,  however,  very  bad  wa^f 
ter,  and  is  unhealthy  in  fummer.  It  is 
about  8  miks  caft  by  north  of  Fort 
George,  arid  6  north  by  eaft  of  Fort 
Ann.  Thi  fortifications  here  were  de- 
llioyal  l)y  Gs-n,  Burgoyne,  in  July,  1777, 

JJKiVPAtK,  a  rownrtiip  in  Montgo- 
mery counf'y,  Pcnnfylvania. 

Ski^ton,  a  village  on  theliorth  fide 
of  Patowmat  river, u'pout  1 1  miles  fouth- 
eaft  of  Fort  Cumberland,  and  a8  fouth« 
erly  of  Bedford  in  Pennlylyania. 

Skitikiss,  a  bay  of  about  8  ieagu<;* 
cKtcnt'  on  llui  caft  iide  of  Wafinngtcn's 

laes. 


lait,  an  the  K.  W.  co*ft  of  N.  Amori. 
^  aortkward  of  Cumberland  Harbour. 
T^opening  k'mht.  about  53. 15. 

SkuppknOKQ.  a  I'mall  river  of  N. 
CarolitHU  Acanalwatfiniihcdin  1790, 
which  connefts  the  water*  of  thU  ttream 
'With  the  lake  in  Difmal  Swamp,  on  the 
ibuth  fide  of  Albemarle  Sound. 

Skutock  Hills,  in  Hancocic  co.  Dif- 
tri£k  of  Maine,  lie  north -north -eaft  ot 
4hc  harbour  «fGouidiboroi)gh.  In  fail- 
ing from  Mount  Defi»-t  to  Gouidibo- 
TOugh»  you  muft  fteer  north- noith-eaft 
ibr  thefe  hille,  which  are  more  lemark- 
4ble  than  any  in  the  eaftem  country. 
Thti'eare  &w  of  them»  and  at  a  diftauce 
they  appear  round. 

Slabtown,  a  village  in  Bxirlington 
«o.  New-Jcrfey,  about  halfway  between 
Burlington  and  Mount  Holly,  4  or  5 
miles  from  each. 

Slaughter  Cre^k,  a  Ihort  ftream  on 
the  eaft  fide  ol  Chelapeak  Bay,  Dor- 
ikheftcr  county,  Maryland. 

Slave  Lakt  and  Hiwer,  in  the  north- 
weft  part  of  N.  America.  The  lake  is 
♦xtenlive  and  gives  rile  to  M'Ktnzie's 
river,  which  empties  into  the  Frozen 
Ocean,  and  receives  the  river  oJ^  its  name 
from  the  weft  tndof  Athapefcow  Lakej 
befides  many  other  rivers  from  various 
direAions.  Slave  river  runs  a  north- 
weft  by  north  courfe,  and  is  a  mile  wide 
at  it»  mourh.  The  latitude  of  Slave 
Lake  is  61 .  x6.  M.  and  the  centre  of  the 
lake  is  in  about  long.  115.  weft.  The 
northern  bay  is  40  leagues  deep,  and  6 
fathom*  water.  The  Dog-ribbed  In- 
dians inliabit  the  north  ihore  of  tins 
lake. 

Slearing  Jjkfd,  on  the  «oaft  of 
{Newfoundland. 

Slokum's  Jjland  is  the  third  of  the 
Eliaabeth  Tftancis  in  magnitude,  being 
about  5  miUs  in  circuit.  It  lies  off 
Bunard't  fiay,  in  Barnftable  co.  Maf- 
iachufetts,  and  weft  of  Tinker's  Ifland. 

Slusher,  Fort.    See  ScbMer. 

SxiALl.  P^intt  on  the  coaft  of  Lin- 
coln CO.  Diftri£l  of  Maine,  forms  the 
eaft  limit  of  Cafco  Bay,  and  Jies  N.  E. 
of  Cape  Elizabah,  the  weftem  limit. 

Smith,  a  townfliip  in  Wafhtngton 
bounty,  Pennfylvania. 

Smithfield,  a  fmall  peft-tnwn  of 
Virginia,  on  Pagan  Creek,  which  emp- 
ties into  Jameses  river,  hi  Ifle  of  Wight 
«o.  It  is  S5  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Rich- 
■wad,  and  364ibutb-fettth-wcft  of  Phi- 


5MI 

lalelpbia.    The  uedi  is  navigable  tb^ 
veffels  of  ao  tons. 
Sjmithfield,  «  poft-town,  mkI  the 

capiital  of  Johnfiu)  co.  N.  Carolina,  ob 
the  eaft  fide  of  Neus  river,  on  a^beauti- 
ful  plain,  about  lop  miles  not^.weft 
of  Ncwbern,  %$  from  Raleigh,  and  471 
from  Philadelphia. 

Smithfied,  a  townfliip  of  PenniyU 
vania,  Philadelphia  county. 

SMiTHPiEL»,C/i»/rrand4>»iv«r,  tws 
towAfliips  in  Nortliampton  cu.  Pemi> 
fyivaiiia. 

Smithfifld,  a  townfliij|>  of  Rhode- 
Ifland,  Providence  cu.  having  the  State 
of  Mnfiachulbtts  on  the  north,  and  Cum- 
berland on  tlie  N.  £.  Heie  are  exten- 
live  orcliards  ;  and  great  quantities  of 
ftone-llme  are  made,  and  tranfported  to 
Providence  and  ether  places.  It  contains 
3x71  inhabitants,  including  5  ilaves. 

Smith's  Cafe,  the  north  point  of  the 
entrance  into  a  fea  called  the  New  Oil- 
covered  Sea,  and  the  S.  W;  point  of  this 
ifland  formed  by.  that  fea  or  founc^ 
which  communicates  with  Hudfoi^*s 
Straits^  It  is  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Hud- 
ion  s  Bay.  1<I.  lat.  60.  48.  W.  long^ 
80.  55. 

Smith's  JJIaud,  o»  the  coaft  of  N. 
Carolina.  €es  Cate  Fear,  and  Bald 
Head. 

Smith's  I/la»dt  the  foutbemmoft  of 
the  range  ot  i  Hands,  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  along  the  coaft  of  Northampton 
and  Aaconiack  counties,  Virginia.  It 
is  near  the  S.  point  .of  Cape  Charles^ 
Here  ihips  frequently  «ome  to  anchor 
to  wait  fur  pilots  to  conduA  them  into 
Chefapeak  oay. 

Smith's  Ifles,  the  range  of  iflsunds 
which  line  the  above  coaft.  They  were 
fo  named  in  1608,  in  honour  of  Captain 
John  Smith,  who  landed  on  the  penlfu 
fttla,  and  was  kindly  received  by  Aec<i- 
mack,  the  priflce  of  the  peninl'ula,  pant 
of  which  ftill  bears  his  name. 

Smith's  Ifland,  a  fmall  iiland  at  the 
eaft  end  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  ahd  io 
Exchange  Bay.  Alio  the  name  of  an 
ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  di(covere<l 
by  Lieutenant  Ball,  in  the  year  1790. 
S.  lat.  9.  44.  W.  long.  161.  54. 

Smith's  Point  is  the  fouthern  limits 
of  the  mouth  of  Patowmack  river,  00 
the  weft  fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  oppo- 
fite  to  the  northern  head  land,  called 
Point  Lookout^  and  in  about  lat.  37;* 
i4.  oerth. 

Smitb's 


8NO 

tmriTs,  or  SiauMtm  tSnur* 


Ske 


37-» 


Statmtoti  Rhfeft  in  Vir^'nia. 

'Smithes  Smidt  on  th;  knit  coaftof 
Mewtbundland  Ifland,  it  bmnded  north 
by  Cape  Bonaventure. 

Smithto  WN,  a  planta«)0a  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Diftrift  of  Maine)  fituatcd  on  tlie 
weft  fide  of  Kcnnebeck  river,  and  con- 
tain* St  I  inhabitants. 

Smithtown,  a  fmall  poft-town  of 
Suffolk  CO.  Long-Ifland,  New- York, 
5»  milca  S.  eafterly  of  New- York  city, 
and  t47  from  Philiftlelphis.  The  trwn- 
ikip  is  bounded  foutherly  1>y  Iflip,  weft- 
erly  by  Huntiiigton,  noitnerly  by  the 
Sound,  and  eafterly  by  vhe  patent  of 
Brookhaven,  inchiding  Witine-com- 
inick.  It  containi  loas  inhabitants,  of 
whom  167  areeicAors,  and  166  (laves. 

SMiTHViLLE,  the  chief  town  of 
Bninfwick  co.  N.  Carolina*  lituated 
near  the  inouth  of  Cape  Fear  river, 
about  30  miles  Ibuth  of  Wilmington. 

Smyrna,  New,  a  thriving  town  in 
E.  Florida.  It  is  filiated  on  a  flwlly 
bluff  on  the  weft  bank  of  the  fouth 
branch  of  Mofquito  river;  about  10 
miks  above  the  Capes  of  that  river, 
about  )o  miles  north  of  Cape  Canaver- 
al, and  in  lat.  aS.  north.  It  is  inha- 
bited by  a  colony  of  Geeeks  and  Minor- 
fluies,  eftabliiheU  not  k)ng  fiiKe,  by  Dr. 
Tumbull. 

SnaKB  bu&ans,  a  tribe  who  inhabit 
the  fouth-weftern  fide  of  Miflburi  river, 
in  lat.  about  47.N.an'l  long.  107.  W. 
The  Shevetoon  Indians  inhabit  on  the 
oppofite  fkle  of  the  river. 

Snowuill,  a  port  of  entry  and  poll- 
town  of  Marylam,  and  the  capital  of 
Worctfter  co.  fltuated  on  tlw  S.  £.  fide 
of  Pokciiioke  river,  wluch  empties 
through  the  eaflem  (hoi'c  of  Cheiapcak 
Bay,  about  iz  miles  to  tlie  fouth-weft. 
Here  are  about  60  boufes,  a  court-houfe, 
and  eaol,  and  the  inhabitants  deal  prin- 
cipally in  lumber  and  corn.  The  ix- 
ports  fr  one  year,  ending  the  3.0th  oi 
September,  1 7$4.,  amounted  to  the  value 
of  4,040  dollars.  It  is  16  miks  fron 
Horntown,  in  Virginia,  8x  S.  of  WiU 
mington,  in  Delaware,  and  158  S.  by 
'W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Snowtown,  a  i'ettlemesit  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Diftrifl  or  Maine  ;  iituaced  between 
the  Weft  Pomls,  7  or  8  miles  W.  of 
Sidney,  oppofite  to  Vafllilborough,  and 
N.  W.  of  Haliowell. 

SOCANDAGA,  or  SagtttJaga^  the  W. 


brancb  of  HudlbnH  rUtff  nmt  a  fonth 
and  fouth  eaft  conrfe,  and  about  |c 
miles  from  its  mouth,  tikes  a  nomh-eatk 
dircAioh,  and  joiasth^t  river  about  taor 
t5  miles  W.  bv  North  of  Fort  Edward* 
SOCIKTY  IjUiHdj,  a  dofter  of  iilanda 
in  the  8.  Pacific  Ocean.  To  thefe 
ifiands  Captr  Cook  was  direAed  bjrTu- 
pia,  in  1769}  and  he  save  then  thia 
name  in  honour  of  the  Royal  Soeidv. 
They  are  fituated  between  the  hitttduea 
of  it*  10.  and  16.  55.  S.  and  between 
the  bngitades  of  1 50.  57.  and  1  $%'  W». 
They  are  fever  in  number;  HMabekUp 
Ulietea,  Oimbi^  BoiaMa,  MMtrtoa, 
Toobau,  VRATebeoyaUiVtot or StttmtkrjT 
IJUtftd^  which  isKb're  included,  as  being^ 
fubie6^  to  Huaheine.  The  ibtl,  tha 
prod  unions,  the  people,  their  language^ 
religion,  cuftoms,  and  manners  are  ^ 
nearly  the  fame  as  at  Otahcite,  that  lit- 
tle need  be  added  to  the  account  whicti 
has  already  been  given.  Nature  baa 
been  equally  bountiful  in  uncultivated 
plenty,  and  the  inhabitants  are  as  luxu- 
rious and  as  indoleDt.  A  plMntaiit 
branch  is  the  emblem  of  jpeace,  and 
changing  n^Mncs  the  greateft  token  of 
friendfhip.  Their  mora!*  are  different- 
ly conftruAed,  though  (erving  the  fiime 
purpofes.  It  w  cuftomary  to  give  their 
daughters  to  ftrangcrs  who  arrive  amongfl 
them  -,  but  the  pairs  niuft  be  five  nighta 
lying  near  each  3ther,  without  prelum- 
ing  to  take  any  other  liberty.  On  the 
fixth  eveiimg,  the  lather  ot  die  young 
wMinan  treats  his  gueft  with  food^  and 
informs  his  daughter,  that  fhe  mtift  that 
night  receive  him  as  her  hufband.  The 
(Granger  muft  not'exprefs  theleaftdifl 
like,  fhonid  the  partner  allotted  to  hint 
be  ever  (6  diCigreeable ;  for  this  is  con- 
fidered  as  an  unpardonable  affront,  and 
ib  punifhed  with  inftant  death. 

SocoNVSCO,  a  province  of  New- 
Spain,  having  Chiapa  on  the  N.  Guati- 
mala  on  the  E.  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean  oi> 
the  S.  and  Guaxaca  on  the  W.  It  is 
about  90  miles  long,  and  almoft  aa 
oroad.  It  does  not  produce  much  com, 
but  great  quantities  of  cocoa  and  indigo. 

SocoNUsco  Ptrt,  en  the  W.  coaft 
of  New.  Mexico,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Soconufco,  in  which  are  the  mmm- 
tains  of  this  name.  N.  lat.  t5«  is. 
W.  long.  98.  16. 

SocoRA,  an  ifhmd  on  the  coaft  of 
South-America. 

SoDVs,  Gr4at,  agulf  cenne£lfid  wilh. 

the 


5ie  8  O  L 

tht  foutli  fide  of  Lake  Ontarloi'  by  a 
ihort  and  narrow  entrance.  It  U  about 
^  miiee  long,  and  4^  broid«  and  hat  an 
afland  in  the  eaiUin  part»  The  town 
called  Sodus,  ftanda  on  the  weft  dde, 
near  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  bay,  or  galf } 
about  14.  mile*  north  of  Geneva^  35 
l<Hith>weftwaitl  of  Ofwego  f  orr»  and 
xoo  caft  of  Niagara. 

Soil  Oiv,  a  fettlement  ou  Defert 
Ifland  in  the  DiftriA  of  Maine* 

SoLANGO.  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Pent)  31  mile*  N>  by  W.  from  Colan- 
che  river,  and  i»  fouth  of  Port  Callo. 

Sol  A  K,  f^trro  or  CaptSoloTt  on  the 
<Otfft  of  Peru,  is  6  milca  N.  by  W.  of 
the  rocjca  of  Pachacama  off  the  port  of 
Gallao. 

Soldier's  Gk/,  on  the  N.  E.  coak 
cfthe  Ifland  of  Vt.  Chriftopher's,  in  t!te 
IV.  IndteSi  eaftwai'd  of  Haif  Afocn  Bay, 
and  alfo  eaftwaixl  of  Chriil  CIrorch. 

SoLBSVUY,  a  townflitp  in  Bucli'i 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

SoLiDAD,  lat  or  the  Dtfert,  a  cloifter 
of  bare- footed  Carmelites  ^  fituated  on 
a  hill  3  leagues  N.  W.  of  the  city  of 
Mexico,  incloied  with  a  high  ftone  wall 
feven  leagues  in  compal's.  The  hill,  on 
which  Uie  monaftery  ftands,  it  iur- 
rounded  with  rocks,  m  which  they  have 
«lug  caves  for  oratories.  Here  are  gar- 
dens and  orchards  a  mi!es  in  compafs, 
filled  with  the  ch^icelt  European  fruit 
trees.  The  provincial  Chapter  of  the 
Order  is  held  here. 

SOLODAD  Port,  on  the  E.  fule  of  the 
caflemmoft  of  the  Falkland  Iflands,  was 
formerly  called  Port  Louis.     The  inner 
part  of  the  harbour  lies  in  the  S7th  tie 
gree  of  W.  long,  and  in  S.  lat.  51,  50. 

SoLiMOES.    Sie  Madera  hiver. 

Soiomon's  IJlfSf  or  Land  of  the  Ar- 
facidesy  a  grou{>  of  iflands  concerning 
the  exiitcncc  of  wliich,  there  has  been 
much  dii{)ute,  lie  about  1,850  Spanifli 
leagues  W.  of  the  coail  of  Peru,  in  the 
vicinity  of  New-Guinea,  between  15+. 
and  160,  £.  long,  from  Paris,  and  be- 
tween 6.  and  12.  S.  hit.  They  were 
firH  (li:coveied  by  Mcnclina,  in  his  firlt 
voyage  \\\  1567.  Herrcra,  in  liis  dc 
icription  of  thcie  ifluniiii,  reckons  18 
principal  ones  belongliig  to  the  giou.), 
trom  50  to  300  leagues  in  circumference, 
befides  many  of  a  iiriallerfize.  The  air 
of  (hefc  iflands  is  nUubrious,  the  foil  fer- 
ti!;:,  the  inhabitants  numerous,  and  0/ 
dift'et«nt  fliades  from  white  to  black. 


S  O  M 

<  The  principal  of  tbcfe  iflands  are^  St« 
Ifabelia,  (which  fee)  St.  George,  St. 
Mark,  St.  Nicholas,  Fkurtda,  tii«  ifland 
bfPaliiu^&c. 

Solon,  a  military  tpwnfliip  of  New;. 
York,  Onondago  CO.  about  $5  miles  N. 
iVi  from  Suliiiuebann^h  ^river,  itnd  yi 
fouthward  from. Lake  Oneida.  It  ili  un- 
der the  jtirildiflion  of  the  town  of  ko- 
luer,  which  waa  incorporated  in  1794. 

SOMBAVERA  Ifianitt  in  tlie  Weft. 
Indies*    Sec  Sombrtro* 

SoMBBLLO  Poini,  weftwanl  of  tlie 
Gulf  of  Oarien,  it  5  miles  iiorthward  of 
FrancifcO  rivers 

SoMBKEftA.  Sofkbavir^f  or  SjttibU'- 
rOt  i  Cinail  dclwit  ifland  in  the  Wc(^ 
Indies,  about  18  miles  N.  W.  of  An- 
guilla.  It  is  about  a  league  ^ach  way, 
and  is  thus  called  by  the  Spa(iiards, 
from  its  refemblance  to  a  hat.  N.  lat. 
iS.  38.  W.  long<  63.-37.  it  is  de- 
pendant on  Barbuda. 

SOMFLSDVK,  ¥ort,  a  DiUch  fort  iit 
the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Commewine 
:iid  Cattica }  the  lalta^  being  an  arm  ^f 
Surrinam  river.  >  i 

SoMERs  JJks.     See  Bermuda. 

SoMERS,  a  townfliip  of  Connt£iicut; 
Oil  the  north  line  of  Tolland  co.  which 
feparates  it  fi-om  the  Slate  of  Klaflaclui'- 
felts.  It  contains  about  1200  inhabit- 
ants and  IS  14  miles  N.  £.  of  Hartford. 

Somerset,  a  tovvnfliip  in  Wafliuig- 
ton  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Somerset,  a  townfltipof  Vermont, 
Windham  coimty,  10  or  12  miles  north- 
eaft  of  Bennington. 

Somerset,  a  poft-town  of  Mafla- 
chufetrs,  Brifiol  cc.  and  on  Taunton 
river.  It  was  incorporated  in  1790,  and 
contains  11 51  inhabitants.  It  is  9 
njiles  ealterly  of  Wiiren  in  Khi.de-  Iflapd, 
5%  foutherly  of  Bofl»n,  and  311  north- 
eall  of  PhilailclpLia. 

Somerset,  a  wcil  cultivated  cr;inty 
oFNew  Jcriiyj  01  th--  north  fide  of  thf 
great  road  in  in  Ne»v-Yoik  to  Phila- 
delphia. The  foil,  erpt'cially  on  Rari- 
ton  river  and  its  branch)  s,  is  good,  .inj 
produces  good  crops  of  ^'hcat,  of  which 
great  quantitic  are  annur'ly  exported. 
Tt  is  divided  into  6  townfiiips,  which 
Ji.ive  3  cluiiches  foi-  ritfl>) t.'iaus,  5  .or 
I'le  I)i-tch  idbrmec',  i  lor  Dutch  Ln- 
thernns,  aiui  oiiv;  fc»  Anabaptids.  It 
contains  12,196  inhabitants,  including 
1810  fluvis. 

boMl'RsiiT,  the  i:apltal  of  the  above 

tciinry; 


of* 


so  a 

county}   fauattd  on  the  weft  fide 
Millitone  livcB.    It  contain!  a  court 
hoiife*  gaol,  •nd  about  to  jMuret.    It  ic 
•3  niUcf  northerly  of  Tjvntor*..  and  7* 
N.  E.  byN.ofPhilade);^ia. 

SoM&RSETy  a  county  of  Maryland* 
bounded  ea(t  by  the  8ta<e  of  Debwan 
and  Worcefter  coupty,.  and  weft  by  the 
watert  of  Chefapealc  Bay.    Jt  containe 
i5»6io    inhahitantt,    including  7,070 
flave*.    Waftitnp;ton  Academy,  in  thii 
county,  wns  Inftituted  by  Jaw  in  1779. 
It  was  founded,  and  is  fupported  by  vo- 
luntary lubrcriptions  and  private  dona- 
tions ;  i»  autliorifed  to  receive  gifta  and 
legacies,  and  to  hold  a,ooo  acres  of  land. 
Somers<;t,  a  new  county  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  bounded  north  by  Jauntiiwdan 
and  fouth  by  All.-ghany  co.  in  Mwry- 
land,  and  is  divided  into  5  townlhips. 
SoMKRswoRTH,  atown(hipof  Straf- 
ford CO.  New-Hampfliire,  19  miles  fi-om 
Portfinoiith,  cohtaining94.3  inhabitants. 
It  was  taken  from  Dover,  from  which 
it  lies  ailjoining  to  the  N.  £.  and  incor- 
porated in  i754>.     A  dreadful  Itorm  of 
thunder  and  lightning  happened  here  in 
May,  1779. 

Soi^co  River,  in  tlie  DiArift  of 
Maine,  is  formed  by  two  branches  which 
unite  in  Raymondtown,  about  3  miles 
from  Sehago  Pond.  The  loiigeft  branch 
rifes  in  Greenland,  about  3  miles  from 
Amai  ii'cvigg'iii  riv^r,  where  is  a  pond 
called  Sottg»  Pond,  t  miles  long.  Tliis 
ftream,  which  purities  a  foutherly  courie 
for  at  lead  70  miles,  is  fo  free  from  ra- 
pids, that  timber  may  be  brought  con- 
veniently from  within  a  few  miles  of  its 
hesd.  The  other  branch  comes  from 
Wateifoi'd  and  Suncook,  and  pafics 
through  a  number  of  finaU  ponds ;  then 
falling  into  ^-ong  Pond,  it  proceeds 
thi'ough  Brandj  Pond,  and  nieets  the 
other  branch.  Jt  is  boatable  its  whole 
u  gth,  25  niies.  See  Otattgstonxm  or 
Greenland  and  Sek  go  Pond. 

So  NOR.  A,  a  iubdivifion  of  the  South 
divificn  of  New-Mexico,  in  North- 
America.    Chief  town,  Tuape. 

SoNsoNATE,  a  lea-port  town  and 
bay  on  the  coaft  of  Mexico. 

iioRREL  River,  tlie  outlet  of  Lake 
Chamolain,  wliich,  after  a  convfe  of 
about '69  r.iiles  ncrth,  empties  into  the 
river  ^St.  Lawrence,  in  lat.  46.  10.  and 
long.  7x.  45.  W,  Snrrel  Fort,  built 
by  the  French,  is  at  the  \ve<Kui  point 
i'f  ttse  mouth  of  this  river. 


SOU 


n» 


SotovBHTo,  aname  applied  to  the 
Leflrr  Antiles,  in  the  Weft-Iodie*. 
Among  thtfe,  tM  chief  may  b«  tcdMii- 
fld  Trinidad,  Margaretta,  Curalou«  aoA 
Tortugas. 

Soto  VBNTO  Uhott  or  Ltnuvdl/Umd 
ofSsM  fTthm  «r  Seah,  on  the  coatt  of 
Pfru,  is  7  leagues  fi-om  the  Barlcveata 
Lobos,  or  Windward  liland  of  Sea 
Wolves.  It  is  about  6  milce  in  circuit, 
and  1 5  miles  from  Cape  Aguja. ,    / 

SouBYAWAMiNBCA,aCanad]anr<t- 
tUuneiir,  in  lat.  47. 17.  30.  N. 

South,  a  (hort  river  of  Anne  Arun- 
del CO.  Maryland,  which  ruua  eafterlf 
into  Che£ipeak  Bay.  Its  mouth  is 
alwut,  6  miles  footh  of  Annapolis  city, 
and  is  navigable  in  veflcls  of  burden  10 
or  la  miles. 

South  Amhoy^  a  townlbip  of  Mew- 
Jerley,  MIddlel'ex  co.  and  contains 
a,6&6  inhabitants,  incWding  18^  flavea^ 
South- America,  like  Atrica,  ie 
an  extenflve  peninfula,  conneAed  witk 
North- America  by  the  Ifthmus  of  Da. 
rien,  and  divided  between  Spain,  Portu- 
gal, France,  Holland,  and  the  Abori- 
tines,  as  tcdlows ;  Spaim  claims  Terra 
inna,  Peru,  Chili,  and  Paraguay  i  the 
Porlt^^ft,  Brazil }  the  French  Cayen- 
ne {  the  Dutch,  Dutch  Guiana  j  ani 
the  Aborigines,  ot  original  natives,  Ama* 
zonia  aod  Patagonia. 
Southampton,  Set  South  Uamftotfy 
South  Anna,  a  branch  of  North  Anr 
na  river,  in  Virginia,  which  togetlier 
form  Pamunky  river. 

SouTHBOROucu,  a  fmall  townflitp 
in  the  eaftern  jiait  of  Worcefter  co. 
MaiTachiUVtts,  incorporated  in  1727, 
contains  84oinha'„Itant;>,  and  is  30  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Kotion. 

bourn  Breach  Houfi,  aftationof  the 
Iliidibn's  IJay  Company,  in  Noith- 
Anjcrica,  fitu.ital  on  the  eaftern  fide  of 
Salkalliawru  river. 

South-Brimfield,  a  townfliip  of 
Mi'fti*chvjfetts,  H:inip(hire  CO.  about  35 
miles  S.  F.  of  Nurtliampton,  and  80 
wclterly  of  Bofton.  It  nas  incorporal- 
ed  in  1762,  and  contains  606  inhabi- 
tnnt.s. 

SouriiBURv,atownofConnC(Sllcut, 
Litchfield  co.  20  miles  N.  \i.  of  Dan- 
biuy,  and  51  N.  W.  of  Hartford. 

South  EaJ},  a  township  of  New- 
York,  (itnated  in  Dutchels  co^  bounded 
foutherly  by  Wtft-Chtfler  co.  and  weft- 
erly  by  Fredciicktowij.  It  contains  921 

inhabitants  i 


\  M^ 


f« 


sou 


'i'* 


\\ 


MMbhanti)  ct^nhosa  %6t  are  eIe£^ort« 
and  i«  davci* 

trmwd  dHRM  «r  AlMHci  I  bounded  K. 
by  North-C^andina ;  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  I    8.  ahd  8.  W.  by  Savfomth 

ckBceTTri^lo  riVer,  wKJcR  Wvidei  thk 
Sute  fioin  Georgia.  It  lies  b^twefp 
31  and  35  N.  tat.  and  betwficn  7Sand 
li  W.  hmg,  fn«|cJ«ndQn.  It-laV  * 
kneth  about  soo  rtliles,  in  bre 
andcontaiiA  10,000  fqitarem 
it  divided  inti  9  diftriaa.  C 
BeMfbrt,  and  GtmrgtHn^  cqi^i 
what  is  ckned  the  laouyr^iMorfnr,  and 
contain  19  {tariflvaraalf  18^^94  white  in- 
halNtanti^i.  (cm'to  the  legl^ature  70  r».- 
preientaiiTes,  and  so  fenaton,  a^  ply 
taxea  to'^he  amount  of  ,^sS,oSi  t  f  i  11. 
Itmity^Sk^Wti^Sttm,  Pimhin,  Cam- 
den, Oramktrgf  and  Cbtmw  diftrias, 
ant  compreWnded  in  the  V0*r  Countiyft 
and  cMitain  «}  countieii  and  i  io,9o» 
white  inhabifinti}  Tend  t6  thetegula- 
mre  54  reprdentativeii  md  17  lena. 
tort,  and  pay  taxes  to  the  ambont  of 
JP8||9o^  1 1  %',  The  great  inequality 
of  reoriefentation  }t  obvious }  attemjMs 
have  been  made  by  tbe.Upper  dittriets, 
to  remedy  this  eril,  butbithertowisliout 
cflftft.  By  a  late  arrangenfient  tht^liianie 
of  county,  is  given  to  the  Yubdhrifioh  of 
thofe  diftrifls  ot^ly,  in  which  couiity 
ceum  are  eftaUiOied.  In  the  Lower 
diftriAs,  the  Aibdivifions  are  called  pa- 
ri Ihes,  and  made  only  for  thie,  pUrp6^ 
of  elefling  the  members  of  the  State 
legijl^ture.  The  total  nu...^r  o(  fo|. 
hat)itants  in  1790,  a49>073,  6f  whom 
107,094  were  (laves.  This  State  is 
watered  by  many  navigable  rivers,  the 
principal  of  which  are  Savannah,  Edifto, 
Santee,  Pedee,  and  their  brandies. 
The  Santee  is  the  Inrgeft  river  in  the 
State.  Thole  of  a  fecomlary  fize,  as 
you  bafs  fiiom  N,  to  S.  are  Waltkamaw, 
Black,  Cooper,  Afliepoo,  and  Combaliee 
rivers.  In  the  third  clafs  are  compre- 
hended thofe  rivers  which  extend  but 
a  /hort  diftance  from  the  ocean,  and 
ierve,  by  branching  into  numberle^ 
creeks,  as  drains  to  cairy  off  the  rain 
water  which  comes  down  from  the 
large  inland  fwimps,  or  are  merely 
arms  of  the  Tea.  ^he  tjdeig.no.part 
of  the  Stare,  ^ows  above  15  mlle^  from 
•^itie  ftaKr  Aca»al  6f  «i  tnllen ift ieflgth, 
cpnocAing  Cooper  and  Santee  rivers,  \s 


SOU 

nearly  completed,  which,  by  cdimationf 

^r  clnr.^  m|I^^Abiinf  ^JMfnd* 
ed.  AnoilMii'Wat  hjdon  t(£be  b'egiin 
i» nn\t$  the  iS^o  Mpihc  Afltl^.  It 
Is  al/^in  coptcmplatfonmiiittke  ^mg' 
gon  road  iVom  ihafetHemntsJi  {(..Ca- 
rolina, «ffr  ^^(iteiQtains  to  KiKiHville, 
In  ;Tntltt0k}  ^la'fbm  of  ttioidry  haa 
bet#  v«Mfer^;it  purpofti  The  only 
Harboti^t  61 JMM  arc  thole  of  Charl^r-| 
tiaif  Port-K6^1»  ^nd  Georgetown .  ■ 
The  dimate  ^s  dtnerent  in  diflftrent 
uarri  or  the  6tate.  Alt>ng  the  ^ea-coaft* 
oinOMt  difeiale^  atnd  fevers  of  various 
kinditfft  prevalent  betyfeei)  July  and 
OfUlbt^.  The  probabUity  of  dying  i» 
nn^ll  greater  between  the  aoth  of  June 
and  the  aoth  of  OAober,  than  in  the 
other  eight  months  in  the  year.  One 
Caufe  of  thefe  difenfes,  is,  a  low  marfhy 
country,  which  is  overflowed  for  the ' 
fake  of  cultivating  rice.  Tlie  exhala- 
tions from  theft  Itagnated  waters,  from 
the  rivers,  and  frpm  the  neighbours 
ocean,  and  the  profufe  perfpiration  oF 
vegetables  of  all  kinds,  which  cover  j 
the  ground, ,  fill  the  air  with  moiftuTe. 
Thik  moifture  falls  in  frequent  rains  and 
copious  dews.  From  a£VuaI  obfervation, 
it  nas  been  found  that  the  average  an- 
nual fall  of  rain,  for  ten  years,  wa^  4a 
inches,  without  regar^g  the  i^oiftuic 
that  fell  in  fogs  and  dews.  Ttie  great 
heat  of  the  day  relaxes  the  body,  and 
the  agreeable  ^oolnefs  of  the  evening  in- 
vites to  an  expofure  to  thefe  heafy 
dews.  But  not  only  does  the  water  on 
tlie  low  grounds  and  rice  fwamps  be- 
come in  a  (degree  putrid,  and  emit  an 
unwholefome  vapour^  but  when  it  is 
dried  iip  or  dtiwn  off  iironathe  furface 
of  the  groirnd,  a  quantity  of  weeds  and 
grafs  which  have  bee;t  rotted  by  the 
water,  and  animals  and  fiih  which  have 
been  deftroyed  by  it*  #rc  expofcd  to  tlie 
intcuiv  heat  of  the  h^tti  and  help  to  ^- 
fe£t  tbeairwitha  ((uantity^of  poifonoltis 
«iHuvia.  Within  the  limits  of  Charlef- 
ton,  the  cafe  is  'very  diftVient,  and  the 
danger ,  of  cdntlr^ing  difeafes  arilfs 
from  Indolence  and  excels.  Though  a 
refidencc  in  Or  near  the  fwamps  is  veiy 
injurious  to  health,  yet  it  has  been  fatis- 
fa£lorily  afcertained,  that  by  removing 
three  miles  f^forn  them,  Into  the  piihe 

mm  #hicii  «:aipjaii!isifjsiadW"p>tiiid 

between  the  rivers,  an  exemption  from 

autumnal 


Atyacent  Hboids, 


TSSiKi^T^Tfana^. 


.  II  ^iitj|ip<iiir|MinwiiiM(ilM|^|| 


) 


-MM' 


^ 


i(H'»t\ 


I 


i  4' 


n 


-•¥1 


l/'^'ft^'"'' 


sou 

JtttumtMl  f«vtri  miy  be  ohtained.    The 
iAgreeable  cffcftt  of  thia  climate,  ex. 
|M>r!ence  hu  proved,  might  in  a  great 
meaftire  be  avoided,  by  thofe  inhabi. 
tanta  whofe  cirtumftancea  will  admit  of 
their  removal  from  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  rice  fwamp(,to  healthier  fituations, 
during  the  nionthi  of  July,  Auguft, 
September  and  OAobcr{   and  in  the 
worft   fitu#tioni,    by   temperance  a  A 
twe.      Violent  excrcife  on  horfeback, 
chiefly,  expoliire  to  the  meridian  ray* 
of  the  fun,  i'udd^n  fliowen  of  rain,  and 
the  night  air,  are  too  frequently  the 
caufea  of  fevers    and  other  difordcri. 
Would  the  fportfnien  deny  themfclvei, 
during  t))e  fall  months,  their  favourite 
■inurements  of  hunting  and  filhingt  or 
confine  themfelves  to  a  very  few  hours,  I 
^  in  the  morning  or  evening— would  the 
induftrious  planter  viftt  his  fields  only 
at  the  fame  hours— ^r  would  the.  poorer 
clafs  of  people  pay  due  attention  to  their 
manner  of  living,  and  obferve  the  pre- 
cautions recommended  to  them  by  men 
of  knowledge    and  experience,    much 
ficknefs   and   many    diftrefling  events 
might  be  prevented.    The  upper  conn- 
try,  Htuated  in  the  medium  between  ex- 
treme heat  and  cold,   is  aa  healthful 
«s  any  iiart of  the  United  States.    Ex- 
cept   the    high  hills  of  Santee,    the 
Ridge,  and  fome  few  other  hills,  this 
country  is  like  one  extcnfive  plain,  till 
you  reach  the    Tryon  and  Hogback 
Mountains,  aao   miles  north -wed  of 
Charlefton.     The  elevation   of   thefe 
mountains  above  their  bafe,  is  3840  feet, 
and  above  the  Tea- coaft,  4640.     There 
is  exhibited  from  the  top  of  thefe  moun- 
tains  an  extenfive  view  of  this  State, 
North  -Carolina,  and  Georgia.    And  as 
no  obje£l  intervenes  toobftruft  the  view, 
a  man  with  ttlifcopic  eyes  might  difcern 
veflels  at  fea.     The  nwuntains  weft  and 
north-weft  rife  much  highei*  tlian  thefe, 
and  form  a  ridge,  which  divides  the 
waters  of  Tenneflee  and  Santee  rivers. 
The  fea-coaft  is  bordered  with  a  chain 
of  fine  fea  iflands,  around  which  the  fea 
flows,  opening  an  excellent  inland  navi- 
gation, for  the  conveyance  of  produce 
to  market.     North  of  Charlefton  har- 
bour, lie  BulPs,  Dewee's  and  Sullivan's 
Ulands,  which  form  the  north  part  of 
the  harbour.     James'  ifla:     '  e.''  on  the 
other  fide    of  the  harbour,    oppofite 
Charlefton,  containing  about  50  families. 
Further  fouth^weft  U  J^hn'i  iflaad,  lar- 


SOU  %%% 

£r  than  JameiUi  8tono  river,  1M1 
rms  a  convenient  ind  fkfe  harbotirt 
divides  thefe  iflands.     CoatlgUoui  U> 
John's  iAand,  and  conncAad  withjtbf 
a  bridge.  Is  Wadrtielawi  taft  9K  «(^Ieh 
aie  the  fmall  iflea  bflCeywaw  and  Knf> 
mon.    Between  thefe  and  EdiftolOaikf, 
ia.N.  £difto  Inlet,  which  alfo  aftmia  a 
good  harbour  for  veflcls  of  eafy  draft 
uf  water.    South  of  tdifto  Ifland  ia  8. 
Edifto  Inlet,  through  which  enter,  tnOk 
the  northward,  all  the  vrfl'ela  botiiid  to 
Beautbrt,    Alheepoo,  Combahec,  and 
Coofaw.     On  the  fonth-weft  fide  of  St. 
Helena  Ifland  lica  a  clufter  of  iflanda, 
one  of  the  laiveft  of  which  is  PortKoyal. 
Adjacent  to  Poh  Royal  lie  St.  Helena* 
Ladies   Ifland,  Paris  Ifland,  and  the 
Hunting  Iflands,  5  or  6  in  number,  bor- 
dering on  the  ocean,  fb  called  from  tho 
number  of  deer  and  other  wiljd  gam* 
found  upon  them.    All  thefe  *i/land«, 
and  fome  othera  of  lefs  note',  belong  to 
St.  Helena  parlfh.  Crofting  Broad  river, 
you  come  to  Hilton  Head,  the  moft 
fouthern  fea  ifland  in  Carolina.    Wefk 
and  Ibuth-weftof  Hilton  Head,liePinck- 
ney's,  BuU's,  Dawfufkies*,  and  fbme 
fmaller  iflands,  between  which  and  Hil- 
ton Head,  are  Calibogie  river  and  found, 
which  form  the  outlet  of  May  and  New 
rivers.     The  foil  on  thefe  iflands  is  ge- 
nerally better  adapted  to  the  culture  of 
indigo  and  cotton  than  the  main,  and 
lefs  i'uited  to  rice.   The  natural  growth 
is  the  live  oak,  which  is  fo  excellent  foi: 
fliip  timber  j  and  the  palmetto  or  cabbigc 
tree,  the  utility  of  which,  in  theconftniC- 
tion'of  forts,  was  experienced  during  th« 
late  war.  The  whole  State,  to  the  diftance 
of  80  or  100  miles  from  the  fea,  generally 
fpeaking,  is  low  and  level,  almoft  with- 
out a  ftone,  and  abounds  more  or  leA, 
efpecially  on  and  near  the  rivers,  with 
fwamps  or  marOies,  which,  when  clear- 
ed and  cultivated,  yield.  In  favourable 
feaibns,  on  average,  an  annual  income 
of  from  xo  to  40  dollars  for  each  acre, 
and  often  much  more  1  but  this  fpecltc 
of  foil  cannot  be  cultivated  by  white 
men,  without  endangering  both  health 
and  life.     Thefe  fwamps  do  not  cover 
an  hundredth  part  of  the  State  of  Caro- 
lina.    In  this  diftance,  by  a  gradual 
alcent  from  the  fea-coaft,  the  land  rifes 
about  190  feet.    Here,  if  you  proceed 
in  a  W.  N.  W.  courfe  from  Charlefton, 
commences  a  curioufly  uneven  countiy. 
The  traveller  ia  cenftaatly  afcending 
Kk  or 


i'f        SO" 

or  defcendtng  little  fand-hillci  which 
nature  feemt  to  have  difnnittd  in  a 
',froUe.    If  a  wtKj  high  fea  were  fud- 
dcnly  arrefted^  and  transformed  into 
'fiuM>hilU:  in  the  very  form  the  waves 
ei^bod  at  the  moment  of  transforma- 
tion} it  would  prefent  the  eye  with  juft 
fuch  J  view  as  is  hei'e  to  be  feen.   Some 
Uttkherbvgey  and  a  few  fmall  pinesy 
grgiw  even  on  this  foil.  The  inhabitants 
aie  few,  and  have  but  a  fcanty  fubiift- 
ence  on  corn  and  fweet  potatoes,  which 
grow  here  tolerably  weU .    This  curious 
country  continues  till  you  arrive  at  a  I 
place  called  the  /{i<^#>  140  miles  from 
Charlefton.  This  ridge  is  a  remarkable 
tra£l  of  high  ground,  as  you  approach 
it  from  the  Tea,  but  level  as  you  advance 
N.  W.  from  its  fcmmit.     It  is  a  fine 
high,  healthy  belt  of  laud,  well  watered, 
and  of  a  good  foil,  and  extends  from 
•  the  Savannah  tt>  Broad  river,  in  about 
6.  30.  W.bng.  from  Philadelphia.  Be- 
yond thic  ridge,  commences  a  country 
exaElly  refembling  the  noithem  States, 
or  like  Devonfliire  in  England,  or  Lati- 
guedoc  in  Fran  <e.   Hereliills  and  dales, 
with  all  their  verdure  and  variegated 
beauty,  pre(ent  themielves  to  the  eye. 
Wheat  fields,  which  are  rare  in  the  low 
cbuntry,  begin  to  grow  common.  Here 
.  Heaven  has  bellowed  ha  blcfUngs  with 
a  moft  bounteous  hand ,  The  air  is  much 
more    temperate   anu    healthful  than 
nearer  to  the  Tea.    The  hills  are  co- 
Tered  with  valuable  woods,  the  valiics 
watered  with  beautiful  rivers,  and  the 
fertility  of  the   ibii  is  equal  to  every 
vegetable  pr':idu£lion.     This  by  way 
^diftin£tiun,  is  called  the  Upper  Coun- 
ty*  where  are    different  modes,   and 
different  articles  of  cultivation;  where 
the   manner*^  of  the  people,  and  evek! 
their  language  have  a  different  tone. 
The  land  (till  riles  hy  a  gradual  afcent ; 
each    fucceecUng    nil!    overlooks    that 
which   immediately    precedes    it,  tiP, 
havir^  advanced  txc  miles  in  a  N.  VV. 
4iie£l^on ficm  Charleftun,  the  eLvHtion 
of  the  land  nhove  the  fea-coaft  is  found 
by  menljration  to  be  800  feet.     Here 
commenceit    a    mountain  jus    cuunriy, 
which  continues  riling  to  tne  weiicrn 
tenuinatii:; ;  point   uf  the  State.      I  lu 
foil   may  he  divided   into  iour  kin-.Ls } 
J!rfl  the  pine  barren,  which  ts  valuable 
only  tor  Its  timber .    Interlpcrled  ninong 


SOU 

but  that  of  grafs.    Thefe  traftli  vft 
called  Sawafnuu,  conftitutbig  zficonj', 
kind  of  foil,  good  for  grazing.    The 
third  kind  is  that  of  the  fwamps  and 
low  grouf-ds  on  the  rivers,  wliich  is 
a  mixtuM  of  black  loam  and  fat  clay, 
producing  naturally  canes  in  gfeat  plen. 
ty,  cyprefs,  bays,  loblo)ly  pines,  &c. 
In    thefe  fwamps  rice    is  cultivated, 
which  conftitutes  the  flaple  commodity 
of  the  State.     The  high  lands,  com- 
monly knov'    by  the  name  of  oak  and 
hickory  lanas,  conllitute  thv  fourtB  kind 
of  foil.     The  natural  growth  is  oak, 
hickory,  walnut,  pine,  and  locufl.    On 
thefe  lands,  in  the  low  country,  are  cul- 
tivated Indian  com  principally;  and 
in  the  back  country,  befuies  thefe,  they 
raife  tobacco  in  latge  quantities,  wheat,, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  nemp,  flax,  and  cot^i^^ 
ton.      From  experiments  wliich  hav« 
been  made,  it  is  well  afceitaihed  that 
olives,   filk,  and    madder  may  be  as 
abandantly  produced  in  South-Carolina, 
and  we  may  add  in  Georgia  alio,  as  in 
the  fouth  of  France.    There  is  little 
fruit  in  this  State,  efpecially  in  the 
lower  parts  of  it.     They  have  oranges, 
which  are  chiefly   fonr,   and   figs  iri. 
plenty,  a  few  limes  and  lemons,  pome- 
granates, pears,   and  peaches ;   apples 
are  f'carce,  and  are  imported  from  the 
northern    States.      Melons,  efpecially 
the   water-melon,  are   raifed    here  in 
great  peifeflion.    The  river  fwamps, 
m  which  rice  can  be  cultivated  with  any 
tolerable  degree  of  fafety  and  fuccefs,. 
do  not    extend   higher   up  the  rivers, 
ihan  the  head  of  the  tides. ;  and  in  efli- 
mating  the  value  of  this  fpecies  of  rice 
lanJ,  the  height  which   the  tide  rifes 
is  taken  into  conftderation,  thofe  lying 
where  it  rifes  to  a  proper  pitch  for 
overflowing  the  fwan\ps.  being  the  mofl 
valuable.      The  heft   inland    fwamps, 
which  conllitute  a  t'econd  fpecies  of  rice 
land,  are  fuch  as  are  furnifhed  with  re- 
ferves   of  water.     Thefe  reiisrves  are 
formed  by  means  of  large  banks  thrown 
up  at  the  upper  parts  of  the  fwamps, 
whence  ii  is  conveyed,  when  needed,  to 
:lu-  fields   of  rice.     At  the  diflance  of 
•Ahowt  no  miles  from  the  liea,  the  river 
fwamps  terminate,  and  the  high  lands 
extend  quite  to    ihe  rivers,  and   form 
bilks,  111  fome  places,  leveral  hundred 
from  the  liirfacc  of  the  water. 


ii-it 


i.i^h 


the  p'.nc  baiT:n,  aie  tra61s  oi  laiil  free  j  aiui  atiorci  many  extc-niive  and  >.!elight-. 
•f  timber  asd  eyery  kind  of  growth    tui  views.    Th«l«  high  baaJuarc  inter- 

1  .  twuveiv 


WVTCtt 


I 


sou 

!irov<ti  with  layers  of  Ieavei»  and  difier- 
cnt  coloured  earth,  and  abound  with 
quarriea  of  free-ftonCf  pebbles^  flint, 
cryftsU,  iron  ore  in  abundance^  filver, 
lead,  fulphur,  and  coarfe  diamonds. 
The  fwampf  (  Rbovo  the  head  of  the 
tide,  are  occalionally  planted  with  corn, 
cotton,  and  indigo.  The  foil  is  very  rich, 
yielding  from  40  to  50  bulhels  of  corn  an 
acre.  It  is  curious  to  ubferve  the  gra- 
dations from  tlie  iVa-coaft  to  the  upper 
country,  with  refpefl  to  the  produce,  the 
mode  of  cultivation^  and  the  cultivators. 
On  the  iflands  upon  the  feacoart,  and  for 
40  or  50  miles  back,  and  on  the  rivers 
much  f  arther,the  ailtivators  are  allflaves. 
No  white  man,  to  fpeak  generally,  ever 
thinks  of  fettling  a  farm,  and  improving 
it  for  himfeif,  without  negroes  :  if  he 
has  no  negroes,  he  hires  himfeif  as 
overfeer  to  fume  rich  planter,  who  has 
more  than  he  can  or  will  attend  to,  till 
he  can  purchafe  for  himfeif.-  The  aiti. 
.cles  cultivated  ;  re  corn,  rye,  oats,  every 
fpecies  of  pulfe,  and  potatoes,  which, 
.with  the  fmall  rice,  are  food  for  the  ne- 
groes ;  rice,  indigo,  cotton,  and  fome 
"hemp,  for  exportation.  The  culture 
of  cotton  is  capabh;  of  being  increafed 
equal  to  almoft  any  demand.  The  foil 
was  cultivated,  till  liitely,  almoft  wholly 
hy  ^manual  labour.  The  plough,  till 
fince  the  peace,  wr«<>  fcarcely  ufed. 
Now  the  plough  anu  .i-ow,  and  other 
improvements  are  introduced  into  the 
rice  fwamps  with  great  fuccefs,  and 
will  no  doubt  become  general.  In  the 
.middle  fettlements,  negroes  are  not  fo 
numerous.  The  mailer  attends  per- 
fonally  to  his  own  bufinefs.  The  land 
is  not  properly  fituated  for  rice.  It 
produces  tolerable  good  indigo  weed, 
and  fome  tobacco  is  railed  tor  exporta- 
tion. The  farmer  is  contented  to  raifc 
corn,  potatoes,  oats,  rye,  poultiy,  and 
a  little  wheat.  In  the  upper  country, 
there  are  but  few  negroes ;  generally 
fpeaking,  the  farmers  have  none,  ami 
depend,  like  the  inhabitants  of  the 
,'iorthem  States, .  upon  the  labour  of 
thetulelves  and  families  for  fubfiftence  ; 
the  plough  is  lifed  almoft  wholly.  In- 
dian com  in  great  quantities,  wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  potatoes,  &c.  are  railed 
for  food  i  and  tobacco,  wheat,  cotton, 
hemp,  flax  and  indigo,  for  exportation. 
From  late  experim'n^s  it  has  been 
found  that  vines  may  be  cultivated,  and 
wine  loads  to  great  advantage  t  fnake 


SOU  ^i 

root,  phk  root,  and  a  variety  bf  me- 
dicinal hei  js  grow  fpontaneouny ;  alfo, 
ginfeng  on  and  near  the  mountains. 
This  country  abounds  with  preciout 
oit:s,  fuch  as  gold,  filver,  lead,  black 
lead,  copper  and  iron ;  but  it  is  the  mif- 
fortune  of  thole  who  dire£l  their  purfuitt 
in  fearch  of  them,  that  they  are  deficient 
in  the  knowledge  of  chyraiftry,  and  too 
i\  equentlymake  ufe  of  improper  menftni- 
urns  in  extra6ling  the  refpe^Ive  metali.> 
There  are  likewife  to  be  found  pellucid 
ftones  of  different  hues,    rock   cryf- 
tal,  pyrites,  petrified  fubftanccs,  coarfe 
cornelian,  marble  beautifully  variegated, 
vitreous  (lone  and  vitreous  fand  j  red 
and  yellow  ochres,  which,  when  roafted 
and  ground  down  with  linfeed  oil,  make 
a  very  excellent  paint  j   alfo,  potter's 
clay  of  a  moll  delicate  texture,  fuUef  • 
earth,  and  a  number  of  dye-ftufFs,  among 
which  is  a  fmgular  weed  which  yields 
four  different  colours,  its  leaves  are  fur- 
piifingly  ftyptic,    ftrongly  refembling 
the  taite  of  alum }  likewiie,  an  abun- 
dance of  chalk,  crude  alum,  fulphur, 
njtre,  vitriol,  and  along  the  banks  of 
rivers  large  quantities  of  marie  may  be 
coUeAed.     There  are  alfo  a  variety  of 
roots,  the  medicinal  effefts  of  which  it 
is  th**  Hsirbarous  policy  of  thofe  who  are 
in  the  fecret  to  keep  a  profound  myf- 
tery.   The  rattle  fnake  root,  fo  famous 
amongft  the  Indians  for  the  cure  of  poi> 
Ion,  ii  of  the  number.     The  next  is  the 
venerial  root,  which,  under  a  vegetable 
regimen,  will  cure  a  confirmed  lues. 
Another  root,  when  reduced  to  an  im- 
palpaijle  powde.',  is  lingularly  effica- 
cious in  deftroyihg  worms  in  children. 
There  is  likewife td  root,  anointment  of 
which,  with  a  poultice  of  the  fame,  will 
in  a  fhort  fpace  of  time  difcufs  the 
moft  extraordinary  tumours,  paiticularty 
what  is  termeil  the  white  fweiling ;  this 
ioot  is  very  fcarce.     There  is  another 
root,  adeco^lionof  which,  in  new  milk, 
will  cure,  the  hloody  dyfentery  {  the  pa- 
tient muft  avoid  cold,  and  much  judg- 
ment is  requifite  in  the  portion  to  be  ad- 
miniftered.     There  is  alfo  a  plant,  the 
leaves  cf  which,  being  bruifed,  and  ap  •. 
plied  to  the  part  affecled,  relieves  rheu- 
matic pains  i  it  pccafions  a  >-,oniiderable 
agitation  of  the  parts,  attended  with 
moft  violent  and  acute  pains,  but  never 
fails  to  procure  immediate  eafe.    There 
is  alio  a  plant,  the  leaves  of  which  have 
a  moft  foetid  ^ell  {  tbefe  leaves  being 
K  k  a  l»oilea 


9t^  S  6  U 

boiledy  and  any  perfon  afflicted  with 
tataneous  complaints,    once    bathing 
therein,  will  be  radically  cured.  There 
it  a  root,  which  a6ls  as  an  excellent 
purge,  and  is  well  calculated  for  the  la- 
bouring part  of  n.ankind,  as  it  is  only 
necelTary  to  chtw  it  in  its  crude  (late, 
and  it  requires  no  manner  of  aid  to  fa- 
cilitate its  operation.     An  equally  effi- 
cacious  and  liir.ple  pur^e  is  ohrained* 
Itxtm  a  weed,  the  Ualkof  which  is  red, 
is  about  3   feet  high,  and  the  flower 
white  (  the  leaves  rim  fron*  the  bottom 
of  the  ftalk  in  oppofiteand  correl'pond- 
Jng  lines }  the  feed  is  about  the  fize  of 
a  wheat  grain,  globu4ar  in  the  centre, 
and  oblate  at  both  ends^  it  i»  full  of  oil, 
and  taftes  like  a  walnut  kernel :  zo  grains 
of  this,  chewed  and  fwal lowed,  is,  in 
poinr  of  miidnefs'  and  efficacy,  equal  to 
any  rhubari:^ ;  and  thepleaiantnels  of  its 
talie,  as  a  deception  to  weak  Ifomachs, 
appears  to  have  been  a  defign  of  Provi- 
dence :  in  its  o^ration  it  rsfemblcs  cai- 
kor  oiU  A  very  fovcreign  remedy  is  ex- 
traAed  firom  the  bark  of  r\  tree,  which 
may  be  ufed  to  great  adv.intage  in  the 
difeales  incident  to  this  climate.  Every 
climate,  fome  believe,  has  its  peculiar 
(difeafe,  and  eveiy  difeaie  its  peculiar 
antidote  tind  r  the  fame  climate.     In 
addition  to  the  above  is  another  fpecies 
of  bark,  of  a  fweet  and  naufeous  talle ; 
the  tree  grows  contiguous    to  a  very 
powerful  chalybeate  ipring ;  the  bark, 
when  fufficiently  raafticated,  operates  as 
a  very  potential  pur^^  and  emetic,  and 
in  the  hands  of  a  fkilful  chemift  may  be 
readered  very  ferviceable.  In  this  coun- 
try is  a  tree  which  bears  a  large  pod,  in- 
dufing  a  kind  of  mucvbge,  the  juice  of 
which  is  very  (harp }  the  bark  fmells 
like  tanned  leather,  and  when  prepared 
like  hemp,  makes  the  Vfi7  bed  of  cord- 
age.   Aifo  another  tree,  which  bears  an 
car  like  a  corn-cob,  covereu  with  berries, 
containing  a  large  proportion  of  oil. 
There  is  likewiie  a  very  lingular  tree, 
which  afFotds  a  moll  fuperb  fliade;  it 
Aroduces  a  round  hall,  which,  in  the 
Jteat  of  iummer,  opens  and  enlarges  a 
number  of  male  infe£ls,  which  Ixiconic 
Very  troublefome  wherever  they  lodge : 
this  happens   generally   fome  diilance 
from  their  parent  tree.  The  hand  of  na- 
ture never  formed  a  country  with  more 
natural  advantages,  or  blefled  it  with  a 
more  ferene  or  healthful  climate.     It 
abounds  with  game  vt  all  ktnds;  is  a  very 


SOU 

fine  fruit  countrv,and  is  peeuliarlyadapf. 
ed  to  the  growth  of  vines,  the  olive,  ftlk', 
and  coffee  trees,  and  the  produ£lion  of 
cotton.  It  is  a  perfect  garden  of  medical 
herbs,  and  its  medicinal  fprinjn  are  not 
infbior  to  any  in  Europe.     The  iron- 
works,  known  by  the  name  of  the  y!?ra 
Etna  imt-iwrk,  aie^  fituated  in  York 
county,  within .  "o  miles  of  the  Cataw- 
ba river.     Wifliin  the  compafs  of  two 
miles  from  the  furnace,  there  is'  an  in- 
exhauftible  quantity  of  ore,  which  works 
eafy  and  well  in   the  furnace."    The 
metal  is  good  for  hammers,  gudgeons, 
or  any  kind  of  machinery  and  hollow 
ware,  and  will  make   good    bar-iron. 
Son^?  trial  has  been  made  of  it  in  fteel, 
ami  it  pt-omiles  well.     Kothing  is  ne- 
ceflhry  for  preparing  the  ore  for  u(b, 
but  burning.     The  ore  confifts  of  large 
rocks  above  the  i'urface ;  the  depth  not 
yet  known.     In  the  cavities  between, 
lie  an  ochre  and  feed  ore.     It  is  faid 
there  will  be  no  occafion  to  fmk  fhafts 
or  drive  levels  for  50  years  to  come. 
The  ^ra  furnace  was  built  in  17B7— > 
the  ^tna  in  ry^S.    The  neareft  tend- 
ing at  prefent  f  1795)  is  Camden,  70 
miles  from  the  furnace.     The  proprie- 
tors of  th«  works,  and  feven  others, 
have  obtained  a  charter  to  open  the 
Catawba  to  the  N.  Carolina  line,  and  a 
charter  from  "H*  Ciirolina  to  open  the 
river  80  miles  higher  in. that  State,  and 
it  isexpe£led  that  boats  will  come  with- 
in 40  miles  of  the  works  this  fummer, 
(179;)  as  there  are  boat»  aliready  built 
(or  the  purpofe  which  are  to  carry  30 
tois,  and  in  the  courfe  of  another  fum- 
mer will  be  brought  within  two  miles 
of  tlK  works.    The  works  are  within 
two  nriles  of  the  river,  and  the  creek 
can  be  made  navigable  to  the  works. 
Mr.  William  Hill,  one  of  the  principal 
proprietors  of  thel'e  works,  has  contriv- 
ed a  method,  by  mean^  of  a  fall  of  water, 
of  blowing  all  the  fires  hoth  of  the  forges 
and  furnaces,  fo  as  to  render  unnecef- 
fary  the  nfe  of  wheels,  cylinders,  or  any 
other  kind  of  bellows.     The  machinery 
is  fimple  ar...  cheap,  and  not  liable  to 
the  accident  of  freeiing.    In  the  middle, 
and  eipecially  in  the  upper  country,  the 
people  are  obliged  to  manufa£lure  their 
own    cotton   and  woollen  cloths,  and 
molt  of  their  hufbandiy  tools ;  but  in 
the  lower  countrj',  the  inhabitants,  for 
thefe  articles,  depend  almolt  entirely  on 
theii'  intMrchaots.    La    accQuots  from 

the- 


sou 

the  interior  parts  of  this  State  inform} 
that  cotton,  hemp  and  flax  are  plenty  { 
that  they  have  a  confidcrable  nock  of 
good  fliec|>;  that  great  exertions  are 
made,>and  much  done  in  the  houfehold 
way.)  that  they  have  long  been  in  the 
habit  of  doing  fomething  in  family  ma- 
mifa6lures,  but  within  a  few  years  paft 
great  improvements  have  been  made. 
The  women  do  the  weavine,  and  leave 
the  men  to  attend  to  agriculture.   This 
State  furniflies  all  the  materials,  anJ  of 
the  bed  kind,  for  fliip  building.     The 
live  oak,  and  the  pitch  and  yellow  pines, 
are  of  a  fupei'ior  auality.    Ships  might 
be  built  here  with  more  eafe,  and  to 
much  greater  advantage,  than   in  the 
middle  and  eaftem  States.     A  want  of 
icamen,  is  one  reafon  why  this  buiinel's 
is  not  more  generally  attended  to.     So 
much  attention  is  now  paid  to  the  ma- 
i)ufa£lure  of  indigo,  in  this  (late,  that  it 
bids  fair  to  rival  that  of  the  French.   It 
is  CO  be  regretted,  that  it  is  ftill  the  prac- 
tice of  the  merchants  concerned  in  the 
Carolina  trade,  to  fell  at  foreign.markcts 
the  Carolina  indigo  of  the  -firft  quality, 
as  French.    The  ibciety  for  the  infor- 
mation and  afllftance  of  perfons  emi-; 
grating  from  other  countries,  in  a  print- 
ed paper,  which  bears  their  fignature, 
fay,  that  "  A  monied  capital  may  be 
profitably   employed,    i.   In    erecting 
mills,  for  making  paper,  for   fawing 
lumber,  and  efpecialfy  for  manufadtur- 
ing  wheat  flour.     There  are  hundreds 
of  valuable  mill  feats  unimproved,  and 
the  woods  abound  with  pine  trees.     A 
hufhel  of  wheat  may  be  purchafed  in 
South  Carolina  for  half  a  dollar,  which 
will  make  as  good  floiu'  as  that  which 
in  the  vicinity  of  proper  mills  fells  for 
double  that  price.     Such  is  the  cheap- 
nefs  and  fertility  of  the  foil,  that  halt  a 
dollar  a  bufhcl  for  wheat  would  atford 
a  great  profit  to  the  cultivators  thereof. 
£.  In  tanning  and  manufafluring  lea- 
ther-^Cattleare  raifed  with  fo  much  eafc^ 
in  a  country  where  the  winters  are  both 
mild  and  mort,  that  hides  are  remark- 
ably cheap.      The  profits  of  tanners 
and  flioe-makers  niuft  be  con(iderablt', 
when  it  is  a  well  known  fa£l,  that  the 
hides  of  full  grown  cattle,  and  a  (ingU 
pair  of  flioes  fell  for  nearly  t^e  fame 
price.     3.  In    making  bricks— Tbcie 
Uow    fell  for  9    dollars  a    thouianci, 
and  the  call  for  them  is  fo  great,  that 
the  bricklayers  arc  not  /ully  fupjpU<id> 


SOU  jtr 

4.  I:  making pot-aOi— The «flMa that 
might  be  coUeAed  in  Charleflon,  and 
from  the  woods  burnt  in  clearing  new 
lands  in  the  country,    would  nimifli 
the  means  of  carrying  on  the  manu« 
facture  of  pot-afli  to  great  advantage.** 
Gentlemen  of  fortune,  before  the  late 
war,  fent  their  fons  to  Europe  for  edu' 
cation.  During  the  war  and  fince,  tlK.y 
have  generally  fent  them  to  the  mif!d)e 
and  northern  States.   Thofe'  who  have 
been  at  this  "expenfe  in  educating  their 
fons,  have  been  but  comparatively  few 
in  number,  (bthat  the  literature  of  the 
State  is  at  a  low  ebb.    Since  the  peacC) 
however,  it  has  begun  to  flourifh.  fliere 
arc   I'everal   j'efpeAable    academies    in 
Charlefton,  one  at  Beaufort,  on  Port 
Royal  Ifland,  and  feverai  others  in  dif- 
ferent part«  of  the  State,    Three  col- 
leges have  lately  been  incorporated  by 
law,  one  at  Charlefton,  one  at  Winnl« 
borough,  in  the  diftrift  of  Camden,  the 
other  at  Cambridge,  in  the  diftrift  of 
Ninety- Six.     The  public  and  private 
donations  for  the  fupport  of  thelie  three 
colleges,    were  originally    intended  to 
have  been  appropriated  jointly,  for  the 
erecting  and  l'u|)porting  of  one  refpeft- 
able  college.     The  divifion  of  theie  do- 
nations has  fruftrated  this  defign.    Part 
of  the  old  barracks  in  Charlefton  has 
been  handlbmely  fitted  up,  and  convert- 
ed into  a  colU-ge,  and  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  fcudents }  but  it  does  not  yet  me- 
rit a  more  dignified  name  than  that  of  a 
refpe^lable  academy.    The  Mount  Sion 
college,  at  Winnfborough,  is  fupported 
by  a  refpeftable  focicty  of  gentlemen* 
who  have  long  been  incorporated .  Thit 
inflitution  flourlfhcs  and  bids  lair  for 
ufef'ulnel's.  The  college  atCambridge  ip 
no  more  than  a  grammar  fcitool.    That 
the  literatui  e  ot  this  State  might  be  put 
upon  a  relpe61;ible  footing,  nothing  is 
wanting  but  a  I'piritof  enterpriice  among 
its  wealthy  inhabitants,  The  legiflature* 
in  their  ieflioii  in  January,  1795,  ap- 
pointed a  committee,    to  enquire  into 
the  pra£licability  of,  and  to  report  a 
plan  tor,  the  elbhii/lmieait  of  fchools  in 
the  different  parts  of  the  State.     Since 
tilt'  revolution,  by  which  all  denomina- 
tions were  put  on  an  equal  footing*  there 
have  been  no  disputes  between  diffier- 
ent  religious  ic&s:    They  all  agree  to 
differ.    The  upper  parts  of  this  State 
are  fettled  chiefly  by  Preft>yterians,  Bap- 
tilts  and  McthodifljB.    From  the  moft 
K  k  3  probable 


Jit 


s 


o  u 


probabk  calculations,  it  U  foppofed  that 
the  religious  denominations  ot  this  Statct 
as  to  numberst  may  be  ranked  as  fol- 
lows! Prcfbyterians,  including  the  Con. 
gregational  and  Independent  churches, 
EpilieopaUans,  Baptifts,  Methodifts>  iec. 
Tne  little  attention  that  has  been  paid 
to  manufaftures,  occafions  a  vaft  con> 
fumption  of  foreign  imported  articles  { 
but  the  quality  and  va>-ie  of  their  ex 
ports  generally  leave  a  balance  in  favour 
of  the  State,  except  wheu  there  have 
been  large  importations  of  negroes .  The 
amount   of  exports   from  the  port  of 
Cbarlefton,    in  the  year  ending  Nov. 
1787,  was  then  eftimated,  from  authen- 
tic documents,  at  505,279!.  19s.  5(). 
fterling  money.    The  number  of  veifels 
cleared  from  the  cuftom-houfe  the  iame 
year*  was  947,  meafuring  4s,i  18  tens  ; 
735  of  thefe,  meafuring  41,531  tons, 
were  Americans }  the  others  belonged  to 
Gt  eat  Britain,  Spain,  France,  the  United 
Netherlands,  and  Ireland.    The  princi- 
pal articles  exported    from  this  State, 
are  rice,  indigo,  lobacco,  flcius  of  various 
kinds,  beef,  pork,  cotton,  pitch,  tar,  ro- 
fm,  turpentine,  myrtle  wax,  lumber,  na- 
val ftores,  cork,  leather,  plntc  root,  fnake 
root,  ginfcng,  &c.    In  the  moft  fucceif- 
ful  f^alons,  there  have  been  as  many  as 
140,000  barrels  of  rice,  and  1,300,000 
pounds  of  indigo  exported  in  a  year. 
From  the  1 5th  £^.  1 79 1 ,  to  Sept.  1 79a, 
308,567  tierces  of  rice,  averaging  5  5olb. 
nett  weight  each,  wrere  exported  from 
Chariefton.     In  the  year  ending  Sept. 
30,  1 791,  the  amount*  of  exports  from 
this  State  was  2,693,267  dolls.  97  cents, 
and  the  year  ending  September,  1795,  to 
5,998,492  dollars  49  cents.  Charlefton 
is  by  tar  the  moft  confiderable  city  on 
the  fea-coaft,  for  an  extent  of  600  miles. 
From  it  are  annually  exported  about  the 
value  of  two  millions  and  a  half  of  dol. 
lacs,  in  native  commodities }  and  it  fup- 
plies,  with  imported  goods,  a  great  part 
of  the  Inhabitants  of  North-Carolina  and 
Georgia,  as  well  as  thofeof  S.  Carolina. 
The  harbour  thereof   is   open    all  the 
winter,  and  its  contiguity  to  the  Weft- 
India  i(1  nds  gives  the  merchants  fupe- 
rior  advantages  tor  carrying  on  a  pecu- 
liarly lucrative  commerce.     A  w.iggon 
road  of  rtrtt,::n  miles  only  is  all  that  is 
wanted,  to  o^ku  a  communication  with 
the  inhabitants  of  TennciTee.     Knox- 
vilie,  the  capital  of  that  State,  is  100 
miiea  nearer  to  Charlefton  than  to  any 


SOU 

other  eohfiderable  fea-port  tovm  on  t  De 
Atlantic  Ocean.  The  refcMination  in 
France  occasioned  a  civil  war  between' 
the  Proteftant  and  Catholic  parties  in  ' 
that  kingdom.  During  thefe  domcftic 
troubles,  Jafper  de  Colieni,  a  principal 
commander  of  the  protenaut  army,  fit- 
ted out  2  ihips,  and  fcnt  them  with  a 
colony  to  America,  under  the  "ommand 
of  Jean  Ribaud,  for  the  purp; .('e  of  fe- 
cin-tng  a  retreat  from  prc.ecution.  Ri. 
baud  landed  at  what  is  now  called  Al*' 
bemarle  river,  in  North- Carolina.  Thir 
colony,  aftc>r  enduring'  incredible  hard- 
(hips,  were  extirpated  by  the  Spa- 
niards. No  further  attempts  were  made 
to  plant  a  colony  in  Ihis  quarter,  till 
the  reign  of  Charles  II.  of  England. 

Southern  States  j  the  States  cf 
Maryland,  f^irginia,  Kmtucfy,  Nertb- 
Carotina,  fenneffttt  Soutb-Carolitta,  and 
Georgia^  bounded  N.  by  Pennfylvania, 
are  thus  denominated.  This  diftri£l  of 
theUnionrontainsupwardsofs, 900,000 
inhabitants,  of  whom  648,439  are  flayes, 
which  is  thirteen  fourteenths  of  \the 
whole  number  of  Haves  in  the  United 
States.  The  influence  of  flavery  has 
produced  a  very  diftinguifliing  feature 
in  the  general  chantAer  of  the  inhabi- 
tants,  which,  though  now  difcemible  to 
their  difadvantage,  has  been  foftened 
and  meliorated  by  the  benign  cfFe£ls  of 
the  revolution,  and  the  progrefs  of  li- 
berty and  humanity.  The  following  maj 
be  confidered  as  the  principal  produc- 
tions of  this  diviAon-o tobacco,  rice,  in- 
digo, wheat,  com,  cotton,  tar,  pitch, 
turpentine  and  lumber.  In  this  diftriSk 
is  hxed  the  permanent  Teat  of  the  gene- 
ral government,  viz.  t!ie  city  of  Wafli- 
ington. 

SouTHFiELD,  a  tO\vnfliip  of  New- 
York,  Richmond  co.  bounded  northerly 
by  the  north  tide  of  the  road  leading 
from  Van-Duerfon's  FerrV  to  Richmond 
Town  and  the  Fifti-Killi  eafterly  hy 
Hudlbn's  river.  It  contains  855  inha- 
bitants. 

South  Georgia,  a  eluded  of  barren 
iflands  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the 
E.  of  Cape  Horn,  the  fouthern  point  of 
S.  A.nerica;  in  lut.  about  54.  30.  Ibuth, 
and  long.  36.  30.  W.  One  of  tliele  is 
faid  to  be  between  50  and  60  leagues  in 
length. 

South  Had/ey,  a  townthip  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  Hampthire  co.  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Conne^cut riveri  ncoiles  northerly 


SOL' 

of  Springfield,  6  feuth-eaft  of  North- 
«mpt(vi»  and  '90  weft  of  Bufton.  It  was 
incor^rated  id  1753,  and  contains  759 
inhabitants.  The  locks  and  canals  in 
South  Hadtey,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Con-, 
iieAiicut  river,  made  for  the  purpofe  of 
navigating  round  the  falls  in  the  liver, 
wei-e  besunin  1793,  and  completed  in 
f  795*  ^he  falls  are  about  three  miles 
in  length  {  and  fince  the  completion  of 
thefe  losks  and  canals,  there  has  been 
a  confidenble  increafe  of  tranfportation 
up  and  down  the  river.  Some  mills  are 
already  trt&ed  on  thefe  canals,  and  a 
great  variety  of  water  works  may,  and 
doabtlers.will,  foon  be  ere£led  here,  as 
nature  and  art  have  made  it  one  of  the 
naoft  advantageous  places  for  tliefe  pur- 
pofes,  in  the  United  States.  Canals  are 
alfo  opening  by  the  fame  Company,  at 
Miller's  Falls,  in  Montgomery,  about 
915  miles  above  thefe,  and  on  the  fame 
fide  of  the  river. 

South  Hampton,  a  co.  of  Virginia, 
between  Jameses  river  and  the  State  of 
N.  Carolina.  It  contains  12,864  in- 
habitants, including  5993  flaves.  The 
.court-houfe  is  36  miles  from  Norfolk, 
*S  from  Greenville,  and  399  from  IPhi- 
ladelphia. 

South  Hampton,  a  town/hip  of  New- 
Uampfliire,  Rockingham  county,  on  the 
fouthem  line  of  the  State,  which  fepa- 
rates  it  from  MalTachufetts ;  15  miles 
fouth-weft  of  Portfmouth,  and  fix  N. 
•W.  of  Newbury  Port.  It  was  taken 
from  Hampton,  and  incorporated  in 
174.1;  and  contains  448  inhabitants. 

South  Hampton,  atownlhip  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  Hampfliirexo.  and  feparated 
from  Eaft  Hampton  by  JPawtucket  river. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1753,  and  con- 
tains 819  inhabitants,  about  9  miles  S. 
W.  of  Northampton,  and  109  fouth- 
^eft  by  weft  of  Bofton. 

South  /7aM;^/o»,a  townihipof  Mew  - 
York,  Suffolk  co.  Long  Ifland.  It  in- 
'cludes  Bridgehampton,  formerly  called 
Saggaboneck,  and  Mecoxej  and,  by 
means  of  Sagg  Harbour,  carries  on  a 
fmall  trade.  It  contains  3408  inhabi- 
tants, of  whom  431  are  eIe6tor$,  and  146 
ilaves.  It  is  la  miles  from  Sagg  Har- 
bour, 18  from  Suffolk  court  houf:,  and 
.  i95  E.  of  New- York. 

South  Hampton,  two  townships  of 
Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Buck's  co.  the 
«ther  in  that  of  Franklin. 

SovTii  Hampton,  a  towaflup  In  the 


SOU  J19 

Mftem  part  of  Nova-Scotla,  and  in  Ha- 
lifax CO.  It  was  formerly  called  yzt- 
magouche,  and  it  $5  miles  from  On- 
flow. 

SovTH  _  Hempftiodt  a  townlhip  of 
New-York,  Queen's  co.  Long  Ifland» 
had  its  name  altered  in  3796  by  the 
legiflature  into  Hcmpftead.  The  inha- 
bitants, 38*6  in  number,  have  the  pri- 
vilege of  oyftehng,  fifliing,  and  clam- 
ming, in  the  creeks,  bays,  and  harbours 
of  North  Hempftead,  and  they  in  return 
have  the  fame  right  in  S.  Hempftead.  - 
Of  the  inhabitants  57  5  are  eleAors,  and 
316  flaves. 

South  Hen,  or  GranJ  JJland,  in 
Lake  Champlain.     See  Hero. 

Southhold,  or  Soutbold,  a  townfliip 
of  New- York,  Suffolk  c  ,  Long-Ifland. 
It  includes  Fiiher's  Ifland,Pluinb  Ifland, 
Robin's  Ifland,  Gull  Iflands,  and  all 
that  part  of  the  manor  of  St.  George  on 
the  north  fide  of  Peaconock,  extending 
weftward  to  the  eaft  line  of  Brook  Ha- 
ven. It  contains  a  numbsr  of  parifliesy 
and  houfes  for  public  worfliip,and  3x19 
inhabitants;  or  whom  339  are  ele6lors, 
and  1 8%  flaves.  It  was  fettled  in  1640, 
by  the  Rev.  John  Young  and  his  adhe- 
rents, originally  from  England,  but  laft 
from  Salem  in  Maflachufetts. 

South  Huntington,  a  townfliip  in 
Weftmoreland  co.  Fennfylvania. 

Southington,  the  fouth-weftem- 
nioft  townfliip  of  Hartford  co.  Connec- 
ticut, zo  miles  fouth-weft  of  Hartford, 
and  a«  north  of  New-Haven. 

South  Ki»gJ!on,  a  townfliip  of 
Rhode-Ifland,  Wafliington  co.  on  the 
weflern  fide  of  Narraganfet  Bay.  It 
contains  4,131  inhabitiuits,  including 
135  flaves. 

South  Mountain,  in  New-Jerfey. 
See  New-Jerfey. 

SovTH  Mountain,  a  part  of  the  Al- 
leghany Mountains,  in  Pennfylvania. 
Near  this  mountain,  about  14  miles 
from  the  town  of  Carlifle,  a  valuable 
copper  mine  was  difcovered  in   Sept* 

179s. 

South  Key,  a  fmall  ifland,  one  of 
the  Bahamas,  in  the  Weft-Indies.  N» 
lat.  az.  11.  W.  long.  74.  6. 

South  Sea,  now  more  uiually  di£> 
tinguiflied  by  the  name  of  Pacijie  Oeeava 
was  fo  named  by  the  Spaniards,  after 
they  had  pafled  over  the  mountains  of 
the  Ifthmus  of  Darien  or  Panama,  from 
north  to  fouth*    It  might  properly  hie 


5«« 


SPA 


named  the  Weftern  Ocean,  with  Kgard 
to  America  in  genei-aJ}  but  frpm  the 
Ifthmus  it  appenred  t6  them  in  a  fouth- 
971  dirc'ilion.  In  the  beautiful  iHands 
in  this  ocean,  the  cold  of  winter  is  never 
known  {  the  tixes  hardly  ever  lol'e  their 
feaves  through  the  conltant  fucccflion  of 
vegetation,  and  the  trees  bear  fniit 
through  the  greateft  part  of  the  year. 
The  heat  is  always  alleviated  by  alter* 
liattf  breezes,  whilft  the  inhabitants  fit 
under  the  fliadow  of  groves,  odoriferous, 
ind  loaded  with  abundance.  The  flcy 
is  ferene,  the  nights  beautiful,  and  the 
fea,  ever  offering  its  inexhauftible  ftores 
6f  food,  and  an  eaTy  .and  pleafrng  con- 
ve^nce. 

South  Thulb,  or  Soutteru  Tbuk, 
in  the  S.  Atiantic  Ocean,  is  the  molt 
fouthern  land  which  has  at  any  time 
been  difcovered  by  navigators.  S.  latr 
59.  3/}..  W.  long.  47.  45. 

SovTHWiCK,  a  townfhip  of  MalTk- 
chufetts,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Hamp. 
ihireco.  liomilesS.W.  byW.of3or- 
ton,  and  ii  S.  W.  of  Sprmn;field.  It 
tvas  incorj^rated  in  17  70,  a  .d  contains 
S^T  inhabitants. 

South  West  Point,  in  Tenneflee, 
is  formed  by  the  confhience  of  Clinch 
with  Tennefli^e  river,  where  a  block- 
liouie  is  ereiied. 

South  Washington,  atown  of  N. 
Carolina,  on  the  N.  E.  branch  of  Cape 
Fear  river,  which  is  navigable  thus  far 
for  boats.  It  is  xj  miles  from  Crofs 
JRoads  near  Duplin  court-houfe,  and  36 
from  Wilmington. 

Soutoux,  an  Indian  village  in  Lou- 
ifiana,  on  the  W.  fide  of  Mimfippi  riv- 
er, cppofite  to  the  Nine  Mile  Rapids, 
'St»  miles  below  Wiefpincan  river,  and 
^8  above  Riviere  a  k  Roche.  N.  lat. 
41.  50. 

Sow  and  Pigs,  a  number  of  large 
rocks  lying  oft*  the  fouth-weft  end  of 
Catalumk  Ifland,  one  of  the  Elizabeth 
Iflands,  on  the  coaft  of  Maflachufetts. 

'Spain,  Ne-w.     See  Mexico. 

Spaniards'  S^t)*,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Cape  Breton  IHand,  is  round  the  point 
of  the  fouth  entrance  into  Port  Dauphin, 
to  the  fouthward  of  which  is  Cape  Char- 
bon.  Its  mouth  is  narrow,  but  it  is 
wider  within  till  it  branches  into  two 
arms,  both  of  which  are  navigdbie  3 
leagues,  and  aftbrd  fecure  harbouring. 
N*  lat.  46.  so.  W.  long.  58.  29. 

Spanish  America  contains  im- 


t 


SPA 

menfe  province!,  moft  of  which  ari 
very  fertile,  i.  In  North' Amtrica,Lm» 
ifiana,  Callfoi-nia,  Old  Mexico  or  New 
Spain,  New  Mexico,  both  the  Floridas. 
a.  In  the  tTefl-Indiet,  the  iflaAd  of  Cu. 
ba,  Porto  Rico,  Trinidad,  Mamrctta, 
Tortuga,  &c.  3.  Jn  South-Amtritat 
Terra  Firma,  Peru,  Chili,  Tucuman, 
Paraguay,  and  Patagonia.  Thefe  ex- 
tenfive  countries  are  defcribed  under 
their  proper  heads.  All  the  exports'  of 
Spain,  moft  articles  of  which  no  other 
European  counN  y  can  fupply,  are  efti.< 
mated  at  only  80,000,000  livres,  or 
3>333>333l*  '^^I'l*  The  moft  important 
trade  of  Spain  is  that  which  it  carries 
on  with  its  American  provinces.  The 
chief  imports  from  theic  extenlive  coun. 
tries  confift  of  gold,  filver,  jA-ecious 
ftones,  pearls,  cotton,  cocoa,  cochineal, 
red-wood,  (kins,  rice,  medicinal  herbs 
and  barks,  as  fafTafras,  Peruvian  bark, 
&c.  Vanilla,  Vicunna  wool,  fugar,  and 
tobacco.  In  1784,  the  total  amount  of 
the  value  of  Spanifh  goods  exporte(^  to 
America,  was  1 9  5,000,000  reaiesdevel- 
lon;  foreign  commodities,  a'}8,ooo,ooo 
r.  d,  V.  The  im|)orts  from  America 
were  vailued  at  900,000,000  r.d.v.  in 
gold,  filver,  and  precious  ftones;  and 
Upward^  o^  300,000,000  in  goods.  In 
the  Gaieta  de  Madrid,  1787,  (Feb.  *o) 
it  was  ftated,  that  the' exports  to  Ame- 
rica (the  Indies)  from  the  following  \% 
Karliburs,  Cadiz,  Corunna,  Malaga',  Se« 
ville,  St.  Lucar,  Santknder,  Canaries, 
Alicante,  Barcelona,  Tortofa,  Gipon, 
St.  Sebaftian,  amcunted,  in  1785,  to 
767,349,787  r.  d.  V.  the  duties  paid  on 
thefe  exports  amounted  to  18,543,701 
r.  d.  V.  The  imports,  both  in  goods 
and  money,  from  America  and  the  W, . 
India  iflands,  amounted  in  the  fame 
year  to  1,166,071,067  r.  d.  V.  and  the 
duties  to  65,471,195  r.  d.  v.  The  pro-^ 
fits  of  the  merchants  from  the  whole 
American  trade  was  valued  at  5,000,000 
dollars. 

Spanish  Creek,  is  at  the  head  of  St. 
Mary's  river  in'  Florida. 

Spanish  Main,  that  part  of  the  coaft 
of  Amerira,  which  extends  from  the 
Mofquito  fhore,  along  the  northern 
coaft  of  DaricYi,  Carthageoa,  and  Ve- 
nezucl^,  to  the  Leeward  Ifles. 

Spanish' '/{/'V^r,  a  river  and  fettlc- 
meiit  in  Cape  Breton  Ifland,'and  the 
prefent  feat  of  government. 

Spanishto  WN,  or  St.  Jetgo  de  la  f>- 

g«i 


S  PI 

^«y  in  the  eofmty  of  Middlefexi  Is  the 
capital  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  It  ii 
^tuated  on  thebanktof  the  river  Cobrei 
about  6  miles  from  the  fea,  and  con- 
tains about  5  or  600  houfes,  and  about 
5000  inhubitantSi  including  free  people 
of  colour.  It  is  the  refidence  of  the 
governor  or  commander  in  chief,  who 
IS  accommodated  ^ith  a  magnificent 
pa!ace.  Here  the  legiflature  ftts,  znd 
the  eourt  of  chnncery  and  the  Aipreme 
judicial  courts  are  held.  See  Jago  de 
ia  Vtga. 

8parhawk*s  Fmti  on  the  northern 
fliore  of  Pifcataqua  river,  abreaft  of 
which  fliips  can  anchor  in  y  fathoms. 

Sparta,  a  poll- town  of  New-Jerfey, 
Suflexco.  117  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

6pARTANBVRGH,acountyofPinck- 
ney  di(lri£l,  formerly  in  that  of  Ninety- 
Six,  S.  Carolina,  containing  8800  in- 
habitants,  of  whom  7907  are  whites, 
and  866  flaves.  It  lends  two  reprefcn- 
tattves,  ami  one  fenator,  to  the  State 
legiflature.  The  court-houfe  is  30 
miles  from  Pinckney,  35  from  Green- 
ville, and  746  from  Philadelphia. 

Spear  Cattf  on  the  eaft  coaft  oF 
Newfoundland  Ifland,  and  the  fouth-eafl 
limit  of  St.  John's  Bay. 

Speicht^s  Town,  on  the  W.  fliore 
of  the  ifland  of  Barbadoes,  towards  the 
N.  part  J  formerly  much  reforted  to  by 
iQiips  from  Brittol,  and  from  thence 
called  Little  Briftol ;  but  moft  of  the 
trade  is  now  removed  to  Bridgetown. 
It  is  in  St.  PeterVparifhi  having  Sandy 
Fort  and  Margaret's  Fort  about  a  mile 
S.  and  Haywood's  Foil  oil  the  N.  at 
half  the  diftance.     N.  lat.  10.  9,  W. 

^^^Z'  57-  *»• 

Spencer,  a  flourifhing  townfhip  in 
Worcefter  county,  Maflachufetts,  taken 
from  Leicefter,  and  incorporated  in 
1753*  3»d  coritatns  1312  inhabitants, 
and  lies  11  miles  fouth-wedward  of 
Worcefter^  on  the  poft-road  to  Spring- 
field, and  58  S.  W.  of  Bolton. 

S.-'EsurlE,  a  mall  ifland  at  the  head 
of  Chefapeat*.  Bay. 

SPiRtTV  Santo,  a  town  on  the  8. 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  oppofite  to 
the  N.  W.  part  of  the  clufter  of  ifles 
and  rocks  called  Jardin  de  la  Reyiia, 
and  about  45  miles  noith-wefterly  of 
La  Trinidad. 

•  SpiRiTU  Santo,  or  Tampay  Bay, 
called  alio  Hillfl>orough  Bay,  lies  on 
the  W.  coaft  of  the  peninfula  of  Eaft- 


j  Florida  |  has  a  number  of  ibeiU  and 

(  keys  at  its  mouth,  and  is  9  leagaM  N. 

N.  W.  I W.  of  Charlotte  Harbour,  and 

(b  ^.  E.by  S.^E.  ofthebayof  Apa- 

lache.  N.  la%,  ^7.  36.  W.  tonr.  Ss.  54. 

Spiritv  Sar  ^o,  a  townoT Braiil,  in 
S.  America.  It  ^^  fi  uated  mi  the  fea- 
coaft  in  a  very  feitiu  country,  and  hat 
a  fmall  caftle  and  harbcur.  8>  lat.  ao. 
10.  W.  long.  41. 

Spiritu  Santo,  a  la<(e  towards  the 
extremity  of  the  pcninfiila  of  E.  Flori- 
da) fonthward  from  the  chain  of  lakes 
which  communicate  with  8t»  John's 
river. 

Split  Rock,  a  rocky  point  which 
nrojefts  into  Lake  Champlain,  on  the 
W.  fide,  about  56  miles  N.  of  Skeenfbo- 
rough,  bears  this  name.  The  lake  it 
narrow,  and  no  where  exceeding  two 
miles  from  Skeenfborougb  to  this  rock* 
but  here  it  fudcienly  widens  to  5  tn:  6 
miles,  and  the  waters  become  pure  and 
clears 

Sput&wooi),  a  fmall  town  of  New- 
Jerfcy,  Middlelex  co.  near  the  W.  fide 
of  South  river,  which  empties  into  the 
Rariton  in  a  S.  E.  dire£iion.  The  fitu- 
ation  is  good  for  extendve  manufaAo< 
ries,  and  there  is  already  a  paper-mill 
here.  It  is  on  the  Amboy  ftage-road,  9 
miles  Ibutli-eaft  of  Bninfwick,  and  im 
weft  by  (buth  of  Middleton  Point. 

Spotsylvania,  a  county  of  Virei- 
nia,  hounded  N.  by  Stafford,  and  E.  ojr 
Caroline  county.  It  contains  ir,«5» 
inhabitants,  of  whom  5933  are  flaves. 

Springfield,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont, Windfor  co.  on  the  W.'  fide  of 
Connc6licut  river,  oppofite  to  Chai-lef- 
ton,  in  New-Han^fliire.  It  has  Wea> 
theisfield  If.  and  Rockingham  on  the  S. 
and  con:ains  1097  inhabitants. 

Springfibld,  a  poit-town  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  Hampfliire  co.  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Conne6licut  river ;  twenty  miles 
fouth  by  eaft  of  Northampton,  97  weft- 
fouth-weft  of  Bofton,  28  north.uf  Hart- 
ford, and  250  north-eaft  of  Philadel- 
phia. The  townfl>!p  of  Springfield  was 
incorporat.ca  in  1635  or  1645.  It  con* 
tain?  1 574  inhabitants,  a  Congregation- 
al church,  a  court-houfe,  and  a  number 
of  dwelling-houfes,  tn.'<ny  of  which  are 
both  commodious  and  i^legant.  The 
town  lies  chiefly  on  on»,  long  fpacioua 
ftreet,  which  runs  parallel  with  the 
river.  A  ftream  frcm  the  hills  at  the 
eaftward  of  the  tovHy  fiiUs  into  this 

ftreet 


4f«ati  aitd  fbrmt  two  brancltet,  which 
Cidle  their  courfc  in  qppofite  direflions, 
Me  of  them  running  nci-tlicrly  and  the 
■otiMr  fouthirly  along  the  eaftem  fide 
«t'theftrcet»  and  afibrd  the  inhabitants, 
from  one  end  to  the  other,  an  eafy  I'up- 
ply  of  water  for  domeftic  ufei.  Here 
a  confidcrsble  inland  trade  is  carried  on  j 
and  there  is  ai  to  a  paper-ntili.  The  fu  • 
|>erintendant  and  I'ome  of  the  principal 
-workmen  now  in  the  armoury  here,  were 
originally  rp^nufajlurers  in  widgk*'  iter, 
whi    '.  is  famous  tor  its  iron-  work 

Si»r.i.NOi-iBi<D,  ato;   (Uifiot  :,; 
"York,  Otfego CO.  is  miles  N.  ofOx  ',. 
go,  Mkl  between  it  and  the  lake  .     tb 
name.    It  is  6i  miles  W.  of  Albany^ 
]ia»  a  good  foil,  and  increafes  in  popu- 
lation. 

Spkinofield,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
Jerfey,  Burlington  co.  of  a  good  foil 
and  famed  for  excellent  cheeie,  fbme 
ftrmers  make  io,ooolb8.  in  n  feafon. 
The  inhabitants  are  principally  Quakers, 
who  have  3  meeting-houies.  The  chief 
place  of  the  townfhip,  where  bufinefs  is 
tnmfafled,  Is  a  village  cal!ed  Job's>town, 
so  miles  from  Burlington,  and  i3  from 
Trvnton.  In  this  towiifhip  is  a  hill  j. 
ttiiles  in  length,  called  Mount  Pifeah, 
which  furniflics  ftone  for  buildmg* 
Here  is  alfo  a  grammar  fchool. 

SPRiNGFlBtD,  a  townlliip  in  Eflex 
€0\mty,  N«w-|eriey,  on  Rahway  river, 
whi<h  fumilhes  fine  milUfeats }  8  or  10 
miles  N.  W.  of  Elizabeth  Town.  Turf 
for  firing  is  found  here. 

Sprinofibld,  the  name  of  4.  town- 
Aips  of  Penafyl  >nia,  vis.  in  Buck's, 
F^ette,  Delaware,  and  Montgomery 
counties. 

Spruce  Creeif  urges  its  winding 
<ourfe  through  the  marlhes,  from  the 
moutli  of  Pifcataqua  river,  5  or  6  miles 
itp  into  Kittery,  in  York  co.  Dillrifl  of 
Maine. 

Spur  WING,  a  river  of  the  DlftriA  of 
Maine,  which  nms  through  Scarbo- 
rough, to  the  wtftward  of  Cape  Eliza- 
beth, and  is  navigable  a  few  miles  for 
Tffiisls  of  100  tons. 

Squam,  a  lake,  part  of  which  is  in 
the  townfhip  of  Holdemefs,  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-Hampfliire ;  but  the  one  half 
•f  it  is  in  Stranord  co.  It  is  about  5 
miles  long,  and  4  broad. 

S<^AM,  a  (hoit  river  of New-Hamp- 
fliire,  the  outlet  of  the  above  lake, 
whichmnftaAuth-wefterncourfe,  and 


S  T  A 

j«!n8  the  Pemigewaflet  at  the  town  of 
Mew-Chelter,  and  10  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Winnipifeogee  branch. 

SqVAM  Beach,  on  the  fea-coaft  of 
New^jcrfey,  between  Bamegat  Inlet 
and  Cranbury  New  Inlett^ 

Sc^AM  Harbour,  on  the  N.  E.  fide 
of  Ope  Ann,  Maffachuietts.  When  a 
veti'ei  at  anchor  off  Newbury- Port  Bar, 
p-.rts  a  cable  and  lofes  an  .anchor  with 
the  w'nvl  ai  N.  E.  or  E.  N.  E.  if  (he 
cai    ca>  y  double-reefed  fails,  Oie  m?*/ 

I  *!.  6.  E.  5  leagv<cs,  whici  courfe,  if 
i-'iiic  g'o<(d,  will  carry  aer  a  little  to 
t'  -  ■  aliw.ml  of  Squam  Bay.  Squam 
,  :  i  .^  i:<o»  Hiil)  lies  inlat.  41. 4.0.  N.  and 
long.  ■ ,.  -6. 

S<{j;Ai(,r  Handkerchief,  (Mou. 
choir  Quarrc)  an  iflaml  of  fome  extent 
in  the  Weli-Indies,  which  lies  between 
lat.  21.  5.  andai.  24.  N.  and  between 
long.  70. 19.  and  70,  49.  W. 

SquEAUCHETA  Creek,  In  N.  York, 
a  N.  head  water  of  Alleghany  river. 
Its  mouth  is  19  miles  N.  W,  of  the 
J<bua  Totun. 

Staatesduroh,  in  N,  York  State, 
lies  on  the  eaft  fule  of  Hudfon's  river, 
between  Rhynbeck  and  Poughkeepiie  { 
about  31  miles  fouth  of  Hudfon,  and 
80  northward  of  New- York  city. 

SiAEBROECK,  a  town  of  Dutch  Gui. 
ana,  in  South- Amcricai  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  Demarara  i:lver,  a  mile  and  a  half 
above  the  poft  wKch  commaads  its  en- 
trance. It  is  the  feat  of  government 
and  the  depofitoiy  of  the  records.  The 
ftation  for  the  (hipping  extends  front 
the  fort  to  about  two  miles  above  the 
town.  They  anchor  in  a  line  from  two 
to  four  abreaft. 

Stafford,-  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  north  by  Prince  William  co. 
rincl  call  by  the  Patowmac.  It  contains 
9,588  inhabitants,  including  4,036 
(laves. 

Stafford,  a  townfliip  of  Connec- 
ticut, in  Tolland  co.  on  the  fouth  line  of 
MaiTachufetts,  xzor  1 5  miles  north-eaft 
of  Tolland.  In  this  town  is  a  furnace 
for  cafting  hoUow  ware,  and  a  medicinal 
.  fpring,  which  is  the  refort  of  valetudU 
narians. 

Stafford,  New,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
Jerfey,  in  Monmouth  co.  and  adjoining 
Dover  on  the  fouth-weft.  It  confiftt 
chiefly  of  pine  barren  land,  and  contains 
883  inhabitants.  , 

,  Stage  ^»</,inthePiftriaofMj(tnej 
'  liM 


feT  A 

I'kI  lonth  of  Parker's  and  Arrowfike 
iflandt,  on  the  N.  fide  of  Small  Point, 
confiiting  of  8  roes  not  capable  of  much 
improvement;  'nd  i»  onlv  remarkable 
for  being  the  land  inhabit'fl  in  New 
England,  by  jivirc'.-d  people.  It  is 
not  now  !phal>iCfd. 

STAMFCRr  a  townfhlp of  Vermont, 
in  Bennington  co.  it  -lomers  on  Ben- 
nington to  I'v  ,b\Uh-eaIl,  and  cont.^ins 
971  inhabits. :ts,  and  has  good  intervale 
l;.nJ. 

Stamford,  a  poft-town  of  Connec- 
ticut, Fairfield  county,  on  a  fmall  ftream 
called  Mill  river,  which  empties  into 
Long-Idand  Sound.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  Epifcopal  church, 
and  about  45  corapaA  dwelling- houfes. 
It  is  10  miles  fouth-welt  of  Norwalk  ; 
44  fouth-weft  of  New -Haven;  44  N. 
E.  of  New- Yorl{ ;  and  1 39  N.  £.  of 
Philadelphia.  The  townfhip  was  for- 
merly called  Rippawams,  and  was  fet- 
tled in  I 641. 

Stamford,  a  townlhip  of  ^.  York, 
in  Ulfter  co.  taken  from  Woodftock, 
and  incoi  j^orated  in  1792.  Of  its  in- 
habitants, 1Z7  are  ele£\ors. 

Standish,  a  townlhipof  the  Diftrl£l 
of  Maine,  on  the  weft  line  of  Cumber- 
land CO.  between  PreAimfcut  and  Saco 
rivers.  It  was  incorporated  in  1785, 
and  contains  JtS  inhabitants;  18  miles 
N.  W.  of  Portland,  and  i63N.of  Bof- 
ton.  ** 

Stanford,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York, 
Dutchefs  CO.  taken  from  Wafhington, 
and  incorporated  in  1793. 

Stanford,  the capitalof  Lincoln  co. 
Kentucky ;  fituated  on  a  iertile  plain, 
about  10  miles  fouth-fotith-eaftof  Dan- 
ville, 40  louth  by  weft  of  Lexington, 
and  $%  fouth-fouth-eaft  of  Frankfort. 
It  contains  a  ftone  court-houfe,  a  gaol, 
and  about  40  honfts. 

Stanwix,  Old  Fort,  in  the  State  of 
New- York,  is  fituated  in  the  townihip 
of  Rome,  at  the  head  of  ths  navigable 
waters  of  Mohawk  river.  Its  founda- 
tion was  laid  in  1759,  ^X  Gen.  Broad- 
fireet,  and  built  upon  by  the  troops  of 
the  United  States,  during  the  late  war. 
The  Britifh  made  an  unfuccefsful  at- 
tempt to  take  it  in  1777. 

Starks,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  fituated  on  the  W.  fide  of  Ken- 
iiebeck  river,  near  Norridgewalk. 
Starksbo ROUGH,   a  townfliip  in 


Its              s<) 

FerrHburj. 

It   containi  40  inhtbiw 

tants. 

■  Statew  JlloHd,  lies  9  miles  8.  W.  of 
the  city  of  New  York,  and  conftitvtea 
Ric.  ^lomi  wounty  The  ifland  is  about 
it  miles  in  length,  -\nd  at  a  mediMi  tf 
or  7  in  bi-eadth,  p-y<\  contains  3835  in- 
habitants. On  t  J  louth  fide  is  a  ton« 
fiderahle  traft  of  level  good  laitd ;  but 
the  ifland  i.i  general  is  rough,  and  the 
hills  high.  Richmond  is  the  only  tovirit 
of  any  note»  and  that  is  an  inconfidera- 
ble  place.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefljf 
defcendants  of  the  Dutch  and  French  { 
and  are  noted  for  their  bofpitality  ta 
ftrangers,  and  love  of  their  native 
i'pot. 

Staten  Land,  an  ifland  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  S.  America,  about  30  milev 
in  length  and  la  in  breadth.  It  lies  to 
the  eaftward  of  the  E.  point  of  Terra 
del  Fuego,  and  from  which  it  is  fepa- 
rated  by  Strait  le  Maire.  The  centre  of 
the  iiland  is  in  lat.  about  54.  30.  S.  and 
long.  64.  30.  W. 

Statesburo,  a  poft-town  of  S.  Ca- 
rolina, and  the  capital  of  Clermont  co. 
fituated  on  the  E.  fide  of  Beech  Creek» 
which  unites  with  Shanks  Creek,  and 
empties  into  the  Watetee,  a  few  miles 
below  the  town.  It  contains  10  or  i% 
houfes,  a  court-houfe  and  gaol.  It  if 
10  miles  S.  byE.  of  Camden,  100  N. 
by  W.  of  Charferton,  and  663  S.W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Staunton,  a  poft-town  ol' Virginia^ 
and  the  capital  of  Augufta  co.  It  is' 
fituated  on  the  S.  E.  fide  of  Mkldle 
river,  a  water  of  Patowmack,  a  little  to' 
the  N.  of  Maddifon's  Cave.  It  containi 
about  160  houfes,  moftly  built  of  ftoney 
a  couit-houfe  and  gaol.  It  is  93  miles 
from  the  Sweet  Springs,  100  miles  S. 
W.byS.ofWinchefter,  116  W.N.W. 
of  Richmond,  and  287  from  Philadel<< 
phia. 

Staunton,  afmall  river  of  Virginia, 
which  riles  on  the  W.  fide  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  breaks  through  that  moun- 
tain in  lat.  about  37.  8.  N.  and  uniting 
with  Dan  river  forms  the  Roanoke, 
above  the  Occoneachy  Ifiands,  about 
100  miles  from  its  fource.  It  is  alio 
called  Smithes  river. 

Stausee,  Fort,  juft  above  the  Falls 
of  Niagara,  and  8  miles  above  Queen's 
Town. 
I      Steadman's  Creel:,  in  the  State  of 


Addifon  cov  Vermgnt,  }t  naiUti  $,,  pf  JS^W'Yprk^     Th^  TSAdxa  fork  pf  this 

'  creek 


^ 


STB 


cnek  cmptSci  into  Niagara  riveri  above 
Fort  Schlofler. 

STBir  Rocks,  a  curious  ledge  of 
fcrpendicular  Oielly  rocks,  which  form 
the  W.  bank  of  Hudfou'i  river,  with 
.fpme  interruptions,  for  1 1  or  1 3  miks 
from  the  Tappan  Sea,  to  within  11 
milev  of  New- York  city.  Some  of  thefe 
itJges  are  from  150  to  »oo  feet  high. 
At  you  jpafs  down  the  river  from  the 
Tappan  Sea,  by  thefe  rocks,  the  prof- 
ited on  every  fide  is  enchanting.  On 
the  N.  of  the  Tappan  Sea,  a  fine  broad 
bay  opens  to  view,  ikirted  with  higli 
biUs}  on  the  S.  the  river  lies  under  the 
tfC  at  far  as  it  diftinguUhes  ohje6ls ; 
on  the  W.  are  the  Steep  Rocks,  before 
4cfcribcd  i  and  on  the  E.  a  fine  culti- 
vated  country. 

Stephens,  a  cape,  S.  W.  of  Cape 
I>enbigh,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  Noith- 
America,  and  is  at  the  S.  E.  part  of 
Norton  Sound.  Stuart's  Ifland  is  oppo- 
Ktetoit.  N.  lat.  63.  33.W.  long.  161. 
19.  Between  this  and  Shoal  Nefs  is 
ihoal  water. 

Stephens,  a  fliort  river  of  Vermont, 
which  empties  into  ConneAicut  river, 
fix)m  the  N.  W.  in  the  town  of  Bar- 
net. 

Stephens,  St.z parlfli of  Charleflon 
diftriA,  S.  Carolina}  containing  2733 
inhabitants,  of  whom  >z6  are  whites. 

Sterling,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln 
«o.  Diftria  of  Maine  i  N.  W.  of  Hal- 
kwell,  aid  at  no  great  didance.  It 
contains  166  inhabitants. 

Sterling,  in  Woiceller  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts,  was  formely  a  paridi  of  Lan- 
cafter,  called  Cbock/et,  incorporated  in 
X781 }  fituated  IS  miles  N.  £.  of  Wor- 
cefter,  and  46  W.  of  Botton,  and  con- 
tains 1418  inhabitants.  Near  the  neck 
«f  land  which  divides  Wauihacum 
Ponds,  on  the  S.  iide,  was  formerly  an , 
Indian  Torc,  .if  which  the'veiiiges  are 
nearly  difappeared.  On  this  fpot  was 
the  palace  and  royal  feat  of  Sholan,  fa- 
chem  of  the  Nalhaways,  proprietor  of 
Nafhawogg. 

Steuben,  a  fmall  fort  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  fituated  at  the  Rapids  of  the 
Ohio,  a  ihort  diftance  above  Clarkf- 
ville. 

Steuben,  a  new  county  of  New- 
York,  taken  from  that  of  Ontario  5  be- 
ing that  part  of  Ontario  county,  bound- 
ed by  the  Pennfylvania  line  on  the  S.. 
by  the  N^  bounds  of  the  fix  range  of 


«T  I 

townfliipt  on  the  N.  by  the  pre-emption 
line  on  the  E.  and  by  the  Indian  line 
on  the  W. 

Steuben,  a  townftiip  of  N.  York, 
in  Herkemer  county )  taken  from 
Whireftown,  and  incorporoted  in  179a. 
In  1796  the  towns  of  Floyd  aiui  Rome 
were  taken  off  of  this  townfliip.  Of  its 
inhabitants  417  an  eleflors.  The  N. 
weitern  branch  of  Mohawk  river  rifes 
here;  and  the  centre  of  the  town  is 
about  1  %  miles  N.  E.  of  Fort  Scluiyler, 
and  32  N.  W.  of  the  mouth  of  Canada 
Creek. 

Stevens,  a  (hort  navigable  river  of 
the  Dilln£l  of  Maine.  It  rifes  within  a 
mile  of  Meny  Meeting  Bay,  with  which 
it  is  connefled  by  a  canal  lately  opened. 
See  Getrgetuiun. 

Stevensburg,  a  poft-town  of  Vir- 
ginia, fitunted  on  the  road  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Staunton^  It  contains  about 
6ohouresi  the  inhabitants  are  moftly 
of  Dutch  extra£lion.  It  is  10  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Stialburg,  87  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Staunton,  45  S.  W.  by  S.  of  Wilirumf- 
port,  and  soo  S.  W.  of  PhiladelphLi. 

Steventown,  W.  Chefter  county. 
New  York  is  bounded  wefterly  by 
York  Town,  and  northerly  by  Diitciieis 
CO.  It  contains  1x97  inhabitants,  of 
whom  17S  are  eleAors. 

Stephentown,  a  townlhip  of  good 
land  in  New  York,  in  Renffelaer  co. 
between  Lebanon  and  Scoodack.  It  it 
about  14  miles  I'quare,  ami  lies  10  miles 
E.  of  Albany.  Of  its  inhabitants  624 
are  ekdors.  The  timber  on  the  low 
land  is  pine,  hemlock,  beech,  birch,  afli, 
maple.  On  the  hills,  pine,  hemlock, 
black  and  white  oak,  walnut  and  pop- 
lar. 

Stewart's  IJIandst  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  a  clufter  of  five  ifland  s 
difcovered  by  Capt.  Hunter,  in  1791  ; 
and  fo  named  in  honour  of  Admiral 
Keith  Stewart.  S.  lat.  8.  36.  W.  long. 
163.  i8. 

Stey  Poifit,  on  the  Labrador  coaft, 
and  N.  Atlantic  Ocean.  N.  lat.  58. 
W.  long.  61.  40. 

Stjll  Water,  a  townfliip  of  New 
York,  Albany  co.  bounded  eafterly  by 
Cambridge,  and  foutherly  by  Schachte- 
koke  and  Anthony's  Kill.  It  contains 
3071  inhabitants;  of  whom  459  are 
electors,  and  61  flaves.  The  village  o^ 
Stillivafer,  in  this  townfliip,  is  fituated 
on  the  W.  bank  of  Hudfon't  river ;  i  % 

jnilei 


!5  T  O 

milet  from  Cohoex  Bridgei  ii  from 
Saratoga,  15  N.  of  Albany,  and  is 
from  Ballftown  Sprinet.  A  canal  i» 
begun  at  tbU  place  to  lead  the  water  of 
the  Hudfon  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mo- 
hawk>  14  miles  below. 

Stinking  IJlands,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  IHand.  N.  lat.  49.  18. 
weft  long.  5».  50. 

Stissik  MouHtMHt  \\t%  between  the 
State  of  Connecticut  and  Hudfon's  riv- 
er, and  near  it  the  Mahikander  Indians 
formerly  reftded. 

Stockbridoe,  atownfltip  in  Wind- 
for  CO.  Vermont,  on  White  river,  and 
contains  100  inhabitants. 

Stockbridoe,  a  poft-town  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  Berkfhire  co.  44  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Springfield,  141  weft  of  Bof- 
ton,  249  north-eaft  of  Philadelphia,  and 
%$  miles  ealt-by-lbuth  of  Kinderhook, 
ia  New- York.  The  townfhip  is  the 
chief  of  the  county }  vi-as  incorporated 
in  17391  ^d  contains  x,33<j  inhabit- 
ants. 

Stockbridoe,  AT/^u;,  a  tra£t  of  land 
6  miles  fquare,  lying  in  the  Ibuth-eaft 
part  of  the  Oneida  Refervation,  in  the 
State  of  New- York,  inhabited  by  the 
Indians,  300  in  number,  who,  fome  years 
fince,  removed  firom.Stockbridgc,  Maffa- 
chufetts,  and  from  this  circumftance  are 
called  the  Stockbridge  ladtaus.  This 
traft  was  given  to  tnefe  Indians  by  the 
Oneidas,  as  an  inducement  to  them  to 
fettle  in  their  neighbourhood  j  and  is  7 
miles  fouth-eaft  orKahnonwolohale,  the 
principal  village  of  the  Oneidas.  Theie 
Indians  are  finder  the  paftoral  care  of 
a  miflionary,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sarjeant, 
whofe  pious  labours  have  been  attended 
with  confiderable  fuccefs.  They  are 
generally  induftrious,  .efpecially  the  wo- 
men, and  emplov  themfelves  in  agri- 
culture, and  breeding  of  cattle  and  fwine. 
Their  farms  are  generally  inclofed  with 
]>retty  good  fences,  and  under  tolerable 
cultivation.  In  the  fall  of  1796^  almoft 
•every  family  fowed  wheat;  and  there 
' .  was  a  fiRgle  inftance  this  year,  of  one 
of  the  Indian  women,  named  EJiber, 
who  wove  16  yards  of  woollen  cloth; 
who  is  here  mentioned  as  an  example 
of  induftry,  and  as  having  led  the  way 
to  improvements  of  this  kind.  There 
is  little  doubt  but  her  example  will  be 
followed  by  others.  Their  dividsnd  of 
monies  from  the  United  States,  emount- 
ing  to  about  300  dollars,  has  hitherto 


S  T  O  |fj 

f>''efi  expended  !n  erefting  a  faw-niHy 
and  fupporting  an  Engliflt  fchool. 

Stock  Creek,  a  branch  of  Pelclbn 
river.   See  ITaJbiHgtOH  County,  Virginia. 

Stockport,  avilUge  in  Northamp- 
ton CO.  Pennfytvania,  en  the  weft  fide 
of  the  Popaxtunk  branch  of  Delaware 
river.  From  this  place  it  a  portage  tf 
about  iX  miles  to  Harmony,  on  the  cait 
branch  of  the  river  Sufquehannah. 

Stoddard,  a  townftiip  of  N«w> 
Hampfhirr,  Chefhire  co.  diftant  from 
Portlmotith  99  miles,  and  about  1 5  or 
1 8  miles  eaft  of  Walpole  on  ConnecH- 
cut  river.  It  was  incorporated  in  tjf^^ 
and  contains  701  inhabitants. 

Stodhart  Bav,  neilr  the  north-weft 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  to  the 
eaft  of  Sandy  Bay,  and  between  it  aijd 
Lucca  harbour. 

Stokes,  a  county  of  Saliflnny  dif- 
trlSt,  North-Carolina ;  bounded  eaft  bjr 
Rockingham,  and  weft  by  Surry,  aod 
contains  8,518  inhabitants,  including 
787  flaves.  Ironoic  is  found  here  in 
confiderable  quantities,  and  works  have 
been  erefted  on  Iron  Creek,  which  ma- 
nufacture confiderable  quantities.  Chief 
town,  Germantown. 

Stokes,  the  chief  town  of  Montgo- 
mery CO.  N.  Carolina,  near  Yadkin 
river.  It  contains  a  court  liGufe,  gaol> 
and  about  to  houfes. 

Stone  Arabia,  a  village  and  fine 
traCt  of  country  fo  called,  in  Montgo- 
mery CO.  New- York,  on  the  north  fide 
of  Mohawk  river,  between  50  and  60 
miles  weftward  of  Albany.  This  fet- 
tlement  was  begun  by  the  Germans  in 
1709.  The  land  from  the  river  rifes  on 
a  beautiful  and  gradual  aicent  for  four 
miles,  anu  the  principal  fettlement  is  on 
a  wide  fpreading  hiil,  at  that  diftance 
from  the  river.  The  foil  is  excellent, 
and  the  people  induftrious  and  thriving. 
It  rufl:ered  much  from  the  Indians  m 
the  late  war,  particularly  in  1780. 

Ston  e  Ha  m,  a  township  of  Maflachu- 
fetta,  in  Middlefex  co.  which  was  in- 
corporated in  1725,  and  contains  381 
inhabitants.  It  is  about  10  uilles  north 
of  Bolion. 

Stone  Indians,  inhabit  fouth  of 
Fire  Fort,  on  Aflenebayne  river,  Noitli 
America. 

Stone  Mountain,  between  the  States 
of  Tenneffee  and  Virginia.  The  Vir- 
ginia line  interfeCts  it  in  lat.  36.  30.  N. 
fcom  thence  to  the  place  where  Watauga^ 

rive^ 


$9$  8T0 

rlt«r  bretk*  thiwigh  it.      8m  7V«. 

Stonb  ^kWy  on  the  caft  coift  of 
NcwfoundUndi  U  near  Cape  Broyle, 
and  ia  one  of  the  three  iAandt  which  lie 
offCaplinBay. 

Stones,  is  ikboatable  water  of  Ten- 
Mflie»  which  nins  north>wefterly  into 
Cumberland  river,  fix  miles  north*eaft 
of  Nafliville. 

Stones  Ftrt  Gut,  on  the  fouth>wefl 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher*s  { 
caftward  of  Old  Road  Bay«  and  between 
that  and  9loody  Point.  There  is  a  fort 
on  a  point  of  land,  on  the  weft  fide. 

SroHiY  Hiii,  in  Baltimore  co.  Main- 
land,* is  5  or  6  mile%  north.wefterly  of 
Wbetftone  Fort,  at  the  mouth  of  Balti> 
more  harbour,  and  s  miles  fouth-eaft  of 
Uooks.Town. 

Stonby  Point,  in  Orange  co.  New- 
York,  a  Anall  peninlula,  projc£^ing  in  a 
confiderable  blutf  from  the  welt  bank  of 
Hudibn's  river  into  Haveiftraw  bay } 
about  40  miles  north  of  New.York  city, 

1'uft  at  the  fouthern  entrance  of  the  high 
ands.  In  the  capture  of  this  fortrels, 
the  brave  Gen.  Wayne  diftinguilhed 
himfelf. 

Stoinby  MQuatMis,  in  the  north- 
weft  part  of  N.  America,  extend  from 
the  ioutnward  to  the  northward,  and 
in  a  north-weftem  direction,  from  lat. 
48.  to  68.  north.  The  northern  part 
pf  this  range  is  called  the  Mountains  of 
Bright  Stones.  % 

Stone  Y  Rher,  called  by  the  French 
Bayquk  Pierre,  empties  into  the  Mifli- 
fippi  4  miles  from  Petit  Goufre,  and  10 
from  Louifa  Chitto.  From  the  mouth 
of  what  is  called  the  fork  of  this  river, 
is  computed  to  be  a  i  miles.  In  this 
diftance  there  are  feveral  quarries  of 
ftoite,  and  the  land  has  a  clayey  foil, 
with  gravel  on  the  furface  of  the  ground. 
On  the  north  fide  of  this  river  the  land 
in  gefieral,  is  low  and  rich ;  that  on  the 
foutk  fide  is  much  hieher,  but  broken 
it'to  hills  and  vales }  but  here  the  low 
lands  are  not  often  overflowed:  both 
fides  are  fliaded  with  a  variety  of  ufieful 
timber. 

Stonington,  ^  poft-town  and  port 
\n  New-London  co.  Conneflicut}  14 
miles  eaft  by  fouthof  New>London  city, 
ajid  xji  N.  B.  of  Philadelphia.  The 
haibour  fets  up  from  the  Sound,  oppo- 
fyt  to  Fiflier*s  Ifland.  The  town  is 
fepuHcd  ft  Qm  IUu)de.Jiliq(i  \fj  ti^  ^« 


8T!t 

line  of  tht  State  i  and  wac  fettled  ii| 
165I.  Here  are  6  places  of  public 
worfltipi  and  the  number  of  inhabitants, 
in  1790,  was  5,64!. 

Stono  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  South- 
Carolina,  is  to  the  fouthward  of  the 
channel  of  Charlefton,  at  the  N.  E.  cor- 
ner of  John's  Ifland,  which  is  bounded 
by  Stono  river  on  the  wllwaivl.  It  is 
6  miles  from  the  S.  channel  of  Charlcf- 
tm,  and  from  this  inlet  to  that  of  North 
Edifto,  the  courfe  is  fouth-weft  by  weft 
i  weft,  diftant  ti  miles. 

Storm  Cape,  in  the  ftraits  of  North- 
umbcrland,  is  the  northern  limit  of  the 
mouth  of  Bay  Verte,  and  forms  the 
fouth-eaft  curner  of  the  province  of 
New-Bninrwick. 

Stoubnuck,  a  townOtip  in  Cum- 
berland CO.  New-Jerfey. 

Stouchton,  called  by  the  IndUnt, 
Pakemitt,  or  Pontipog,  or  Punkapaog, 
(that  is  taken  from  a  Jprin^  that  ariftth 
but  of  red  earth)  a  townftnp  in  Norfolk 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  incorporated  in  17x6. 
It  is  bounded  £.  by  Braintree,  W.  by 
Sharon,  and  is  15  miles  fouthward ly  of 
Bofton.  It  contains  i6|Ooo  acres  of 
land,  and  1,994  inhabitants.  Iron  ore 
is  found  here  of  an  excellent  quaiitv, 
and  there  is  a  rolling  and  flitting  mill, 
which  manufaAure  confiderable  quan- 
tities of  fteel  and  iron.  Great  quanti- 
ties of  charcoal,  baflcets  and  brooms,  are 
fent  from  thence  to  Bofton.  Eaily  in 
the  war  a  large  quantity  of  gun-powder, 
of  an  excelknt  quality,  was  made  in 
this  town,  for  the  American  armyi  from 
falt'petre,  the  produce  of  the  towns  in 
its  vicinity. 

Stow,  a  townfliip  o\  T/cflachufetts, 
Middlelex  co.  incorporated ,  in  i68j, 
and  contains  801  inhabitants,  and  is  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Bofton. 

Stow,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Chit- 
tenden CO.  about  15  or  |o  miles  eaft  of 
Burlington. 

Stowe  Creek,oxLt  of  thefeven  town- 
fltips  into  which  Cumberland  co.  in 
New- Jerfey,  is  divided. 

Strabane,  two  lownfliips  of  Penn- 
fylvania  {  the  oi}e  in  York  co.  the  other 
in  that  of  Waftiington. 

Strafford,  a  townfliip  in  Orange 
CO.  Vermont,  weft  of  Thetford,  adjoin- 
ing, having  845  inhabitants. 

Strafford,  a  county  pf  New-Hamp- 
(hire,  bounded  N.  and  Nt  W.  bv  Graf- 
MW  i  U  1S»  by  i^kipghamt  and'eaft  by 


BTR 

tfw  XMftrift  of  Mune.  It  flonCKim  9$ 
townfliipti  almoft  wholly  •griciihural, 
and  ha«  ito  fca  port.  1m  brinchci  of 
the  Pifcataqua  and  Mcrrinuckt  and 
other  ftreams  water  this  county  )  be- 
fidet  the  lakes  Winniplfeogee  and  Offi- 
pee.  It  contaiiw  23,601  inhabitanti» 
of  whom  at  an  flavet.  Chief  townii 
Dover  and  Durham. 

STRAiTt  t/Biirmg  or  Bberitt^,  fepa- 
rate  theN.  W.pnrt  of  N.  America  from 
the  N.  £.  coall  of  Afia.  BccringH  Ifl. 
and  lies  in  lat.  55.  N.  and  long.  164. 
35.  E. 

STRASBURo/cpoft  townofVirginia» 
Shenandoah  co.  onthenortii-weft  branch 
of  the  north  fbi'k  of  Shenandoah  river, 
and  contains  a  handfome  German  Lu- 
theran church,  and  about  60  or  70 
houfes.  It  is  77  miles  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Staunton,  lit  fouth-fouth  weft  of  Win- 
chefter,  and  a  10  fouth-weft  of  Phila- 
deiphia. 

Strasburo,  atownof  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania }  Atuated  on  an  eminence, 
and  in  the  centre  of  a  fertile  and  well 
cultivated  country,  and  contains  about 
60  houfes,  feveral  of  which  ai-e  buUt  of 
brick.  It  is  about  7  miles  weft  from 
8trafl)urg  Gap,  where  the  road  leads 
through  the  mountains,  8  miles  eaft  of 
Lancafter,  and  58  welt  of  Philadelphia. 
Strasbvro,  a  fettlement  in  Ken- 
tucky, near  the  Bullit  Lick. 

Stratford,  a  townftiip  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-  Hampfliire ;  fituated  on  the 
eaft  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  between 
Cockburn  townfliip  N.  and  Northum- 
berland on  the  mouth  of  the  Upper 
Atnonool'uck  on  the  fouth.  It  was  m- 
corporated  in  1773,  and  contains  146 
inhabitants.  It  is  58  niiles^above  Han- 
over. 

Stratford,  a  pleafant  poft.town  of 
Connecticut,  in  Fairfield  co.  on  the  W. 
fide  ot  Stratford  river,  which  contains 
a  places  for  public  worfliip,  and  '  veral 
neat  and  commodious-houies.     li  .s  14 
miles  Ibuth-weft  of  New-Haven,  %o  N. 
£.  of  Norwalk,  and  169  N.  E.  of  Phi- 
ladebhia.    The  townfliip  of  Sti-atforc.; 
the  Cupbiag  of  the  Indiana,  was  I'ettled 
in  1638,  principally  from  MaiTachu- 
chufetts. 
Stratford  River.  See Houfatonic. 
St  RATH  AM  or  Streatbaait  a  town- 
fliip of  New-Hamp(hire  ;    fituated  in 
Rockingham  county.    Incorporated  in 
•.t69h  w4  «ontwnf  i9»  IphalutMU.  If 


sue  |f7 

lies  on  thy  road  from  PiBrtfiMwtk  to 

Exeter;    i»  miles  weft  of  tbeferaNr» 
and  4  eaft  of  the  latter. 

Strattom,  a  townfliip  of  Vwrntatp 
Windham  co.  abowt  1;  mika  N.  E*  of 
Bennington,  having  93  inhabttaMa. 

Strawbirry  O0f,  R  jpata  fai  the 
mountains  on  the  rostd  tram  Philadelphia: 
to  Lancafter  4a  miles  weft  of  tha  iof^ 
mer,  and  16  fwith-eaft  of  the  latter. 

Strawbbrr  Y  Rhftft  falls  into  Lake 
Ontario )  and  is  thus  namod  from  the 
great  quantity  of  large  fruit  of  th«e 
name  growing  on  its  banks. 

Stroudi,  a  ftuge  on  the  new  road 
from  Lexington  in  Kentucky,  to  Virgi- 
nia.   It  is  17  miles  N.  £«  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  9  from  Holdent 
Strouowatbr.   Stt  Cajco  Bajf, 
Stvart's  IJlafuit  on  the  N.   W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  is  about  6  or  7 
leagues  in  circuit,  about  17  leagues  from 
Cape  Denbigh  on  the  continentt    N* 
lat.  63.  3  j. 

Stuart  Town,  In  Grafton  co. 
New-Hampftiire,  is  fituated  on  the  caft- 
ern  bank  of  Connecticut  river,  between 
Colebrook  on  the  fouth,  and  a  traCt  of 
a, 000  acres  on  the  north,  belonging  to, 
Dartmouth  college. 

Stvmstown,  a  fmall  townof  Pena- 
lyivania,  Dauphin  co.  on  a  branch  of 
Little  Swatara.  It  contains  about  «to 
houfes,  and  a  German  Lutlieran  and 
Calvanift  church  united.  It  ia  a4 
miles  £.  N.  £.  of  Han-ift>urg,  and  89 
N.  W.  by  W.  oi  Philadelphia. 

St  VRB  RIDGE,  a  townfliip  in  tlie  S,W. 
corner  of  Worccfter  co.  MaflachnlattSy 
containing  a8,9ai>  acres,  divided  from 
Wooditock  and  Union  on  the  foutht 
in  Connecticut  by  the  State  line,  90(1 
on  the  north  by  Brookfield.  It  waa 
incorporated  in  1738,  and  contains 
1704  inhabitants.  The  butter  and 
cheefe  made  here  have  obtained  higli 
credit  in  the  markets.  It  is  70  ijailes 
fouth-weft  by  weft  of  Bolton,  and  »» 
iouth  welt  of  W»rcefter. 
Sturgeon  Creek.  See  Kittety. 
Styx,  a  fmall  branch  of  Fatowmac 
river  where  it  is  called  Cohungoronty^ 
It  rifes  in  the  Laurel  Thickets,  in  the 
Alleghany  mounti^ins }  runs  north,  and 
empties  oppofite  to  Laurel  Creek. 

SuccESb,  a  bay  alio,  called  GopdSur. 
cefs,  on  Terra  del  Fuego,  or  the  Weft, 
crn  ftiore  of  Strait  le  Maue.  S.  }at.  54. 
50t  W.  long*  6s,  >5,  Capfi  Sttcc(ia>  on 


p.9  S  U  F  S  U  O 

two  Indian  fachen  for  £io,  and  h 
1670,  was  granted  to  Major  John 
Pynciieon,  by  the  aflembly  of  MaiTa. 
chufetts. 

Suffolk,  a  county  of  Maflachnretts, 
To  nnmed  from  that  in  England,  in 
which  gove.nor  Winthrop  lived,  before 
he  emigrated  to  America.  It  contained 
in  1790,  23  townfliips,  6,335  houfej, 
I StOjS  families,  44,875  inhabitants.  In 
1793,  the  county  was  divided)  and 
See  TeHMjee,  and  Skftli^  \  i^ow  the  new  county,  Norfolk,  compre- 
hends  all  the    towns    except  Bofto 


the  point  of  this  bay,  lies  in  lat«  55.  t. 
8,  and  long.  65.  tj.  W. 

Svccii^,  a tow.iOiip  cfNew-Hamp- 
Aire,  in  (iraftonco.  N.  E.  of  the  White 
Mountains  on  the  eaft  line  of  the  State, 
incorporated  in  1773. 

SvcK  Creek  empties  into  Tenneflee 
river  from  the  fouth-fouth-eaft,  at  the 
Ssrkf  or  IFhirl,  were  the  river  is  con  • 
traced  to  the  breadth  of  70  yards.  It 
i<i  a  few  miles  north  from  the  Georgia 
north-line. 
Ford, 

Suckling  Cafe,  on  the  N.  W.  part 
of  N.  America  ;  off  which,  and  to  the 
N.  E.  end  of  Kaye's  Ifland,  is  a  muddy 
bottom  with  from  43  to  17  fathoms  wa- 
ter. The  fouth  weft  point  of  Kaye's 
Ifland  is  in  lat.  59.  49.  N.  and  long. 
143.  ».  W. 

8uDBURY»  a  county  of  New  Bninf- 
■wick,  on  the  W.  fide  of  St.  John's  river, 
towards  its  mouth. 

SUDBTTRV,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
in  Rutland  co.  having  Orwell  on  the 
weP;.     It  contains  S58  inhabitants. 

SUiJSURY,  Eqft,  a  townOiip  of  Maf. 
(achufetts,  Middlefex  co.  on  the  poft- 
road  19  miles  <xpeft  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1780,  and  contains  801 
inhabitants. 

SvimvKYf  Jf^eji,  or Su(&Mryf  a  town, 
ihip  weft  of  Eaft.Sudbuiy,  and  25  miles 
weft  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated 
an  1639,  and  contains  1,190  inhabi- 
tants. 

Sudbury  Canada,  in  York  co.  Dlf- 
tii£t  of  Maine,  is  fituated  on  the  fuuth 
fide  of  Androfcoggin  river,  and  fouth- 
«vard  of  Andover.  In  1796,  it  was 
created  into  a  townfliip  called  Bethel, 
•nd  has  two  parities. 

Sue,  La,  a  powerful  nation  of  In- 
dians inhabiting  weftward  of  Lake  Su- 
perior, and  the  Miflifippi.  Warriors 
io,oco. 

SuER,  Fort  le,  In  Louifiana,  is  on 
the  wcftern  bank  of  the  Miflllippi,  and 
eafterly  of  Fort  L'Huillier,  on  St.  Pe- 
ter's nver, 

SUFFIELO,  a  pleafant  poft-tjwn  of 
Connecticut,  Hartford  cjunty,  having 
a  handfome  church  and  fome  refpe£ta- 
ble  dwelling-houfes.  It  is  on  the  weft 
bank  of  Connefticut  river,  on  the  great 
poft-road  from  Bofton  to  New- York, 
10  miles  fouth  of  Springtield,  17  N.  of 
Hartford,  nnd  t3»  N.  L.  of  Philadel- 
|>hia.    TUU  towoibip  was  purchafcd  of 


towns  except  iioiton, 
Chelfea,  Hull,  and  Hingham.  Suffolk 
was  conftituted  a  county.  May  lo, 
1643.   See  Maffachufettt  and  Bofton. 

Suffolk,  ico.  of  N.York,  L.Ifland, 
is  about  1 00  miles  long,  and  i o  broad,  & 
comprehends  all  that  part  of  the  State 
bounded  eafterly  and  foutherly  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  northerly  by  the  Sound, 
and    wefterly   by    Lloyd's  Neck,    or 
Queen's  Village,  Cold  Spring  harbour, 
atid  the  eaft  bounds  of  the  townfliip  of 
Oyfter  Bay }  the  line  continued  fouth 
to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  including  the 
Ifle  of  Wight,  now  called  Gardner's 
Ifland,  Shelter  Ifland,  Plumb  Wands, 
Robin's  Ifland,  and  the  Gull  Iflands. 
Fiflier's  Ifland  alfo  belongs  to  it.    It 
contains  16,440  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1,098  are  flaves.     There  are  9  town- 
fliips,  and  2,609  of  the  inhabitants  are 
ele6lors.     Suffolk  county  court-houfe, 
is  15  miles  from  Southampton,  27  from 
Sagg  Harbour,  and  8c  from  New- York 
city. 

Suffolk,  a  poft-town  of  Vinrinia, 
in  Nanfemond  co.  on  the  eaft  nde  of 
the  river  Nanfemond,  It  contains  a 
court-houfe,  gaol,  and  about  40  houfes. 
The  river  is  thus  far  navigable  for  vef- 
fels  of  250  tons.  It  is  %'i  miles  weft 
by  fouth  of  Portfmouth,  83  E.  S.  E.  of 
Peterft>urgh,  ito  fouth-caft  of  Rich- 
mond, and  386  from  Philadelphia. 

Suffrage,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York, 
fltuated  in  Otiego  co.  on  tlie  north  flde 
of  Sufquehannah  river  {  taken  from 
Unadilla,  and  incorporated  in  1796. 

SuoAR  Creek,  or  Cafar's  Creek,  a 
confidcrable  branch  of    Little  Miami 


nver. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  ragged  cm  -:j'  ,  the 
top  of  which  overlooks  and  commands 
the  whole  works  of  Ticcnueroga,  where 
the  waters  of  Lake  George  empty  into 
Lake  Champlain,  and  oppoftte  to  i-  jrt 
IndepciwicQce,  ia  t|te  State  of  Verm'  •;£. 

Gen. 


SUM 

t^en;  BCirgovite  made  a  lodgment  on 
thi*  hill,  which  the  Americans  efteem> 
cd  inaceicffibte;  and  thus  forced  Gen. 
St.  Clair  to  abandon  the  fort  in  June, 

»777'  . 

Sugar  Rher,  In  Chefliire  cok  New- 
iFIanipfliire)  riies  in  Sunapee  lake,  and> 
after  s  rtiort  courfe  wefterly,  empties 
intoConneAicut  river,  atClermont,  and 
oppofite  to  Aflicutney  mountain  in  Ver- 
mont. There  is  a  ftrong  expe£latioii 
•f  uniting  this  river,  by  a  fliort  canal, 
with  Contocuok,  which  falls  into  Mer- 
rimack river  at  Bofcawen.       > 

SuGAR-LoAF  Bqyi  on  the  northeaii 

fide  of  Juan  Fernandes   Kiand  ;    loo 

leagues  to  the  weft  of  the  coaft  of  Chili. 

Sugar,  a. river  of  Veragua,  which 

en)  ries  into  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 

6ULLIVAN,  a  townfliip  of  Chefhire 
CO.  New-IiaiDplhirc,  containing  aao 
inhabitants. 

Sullivan,  apoft-townof  the  DIf- 
tri6l  of  Maine,  Hancock  co.  and  on 
Frenchman's  Bay,  la  miles  north-weft 
of  Goldiborough,  38  W.  S.  W.  of  Pe- 
nobfcot,  310  north-eaft  of  Bofton,  and 
<45  north-eaft  of  Philadelphia.  The 
towt,  lip  contains  504  inhabitants.  See 
fTaukeague. 

Sullivan,  a  county  of  Tenneffee, 
in  Walhington  diftrifl:.  In  1795,  it 
contained,  according  to  the  State  cenfus, 
8»457  Inhabitants,  of  whom  777  were 
ilaves. 

Sullivan's  IJla/tJt  one  of  the  three 
iflands  which  form  the  north  part  of 
Charlefton  harbour,  in  S.  Carolina.  It 
is  about  7  miles  ibuth-eaft  of  Charlef- 
ton. 

Sulphur  Creeks  Little,  one  of  the 
fouthern  upper  branches  of  Green  river 
in  Kentucky  5  and  lies  fouth-weft  of 
another  branch  called  Bryant's  Lick 
creek.    Near  this  is  a  fulphur  fpring. 

Sulphur  IJktnds,  See  Margaret's 
yics. 

Sulphur  Mountain,  a  noted  moun- 
tain in  the  iftand  of  Guadaloupc,  famous 
for  exhalations  of  fulphtu*,  and  eruptions 
of  afhes.  On  the  E.  fide  are  a  mouths 
of  an  enormous  fulphur  pit ;  one  of  thefe 
mouths  is  100  feet  in  diameter;  the 
depth  is  unknown. 

SuMANVsTOWN,  a  village  of  Penn- 
iylvania,  in  Montgomery  co.  fituated  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Great  Swamp  creek,  vvliich 
empties  into  the  Schuylkill  above  Nor- 
riton.  It  is  33  mU«8  N.  W,  by  N.  of 
Philadelphia. 


SUN 


f>9 


SVMKER,  a  county  rf  Tenncflec,  in 
Mero  diftri£l.  According  to  th«  Stat* 
cenfus  of  i795»  it  contained  6,370  in« 
habitants,  of  whom  1,076  were  flavet. 
Sunapee,  a  lake  and  mountain  in 
Chefliire  co.  New.Hampfliire.  The 
lake  Is  about  8  or  9  miiei  long,  and  % 
broad,  and  fends  its  waters  through  Su*. 
g^r  river  weft,  14.  miles  to  Connefticut 
river.  The  mountain  ftands  at  the  foutfat 
end  of  the  lake. 

SUNBURY,  a  countv  of  the  Brltiih 
province  of  New-Brun(wick.  It  is  fitu- 
ated on  the  river  St.  John,  at  the  head 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  j  and  contains  S 
townfliips,  viz.  Conway,  Gage.Town, 
Burton,  Siinbury,  St.  Anne's,  Wilmot, 
Newton,  and  Maugerville.  The  3  laft 
of  thefe  were  fettled  from  Maftachufetts, 
Conneflicut,  &c.  The  lands  are  gene- 
rally pretty  level,  and  tolerably  fertilfa 
abpimding  with  variety  of  timber. 

SuNBURY,  the  chief  town  of  North- 
umberland CO.  Pennfylvania ;  fituated 
near  virhere  Fort  Augufta  was  ere£led» 
on  the  £.  fide  of  Suiquehannah  river, 
juft  below  the  junction  of  the  E.  and  W. 
branches  of  that  river,  in  lat.  about  40. 
5a.  N.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  con- 
tains a  court-houfe,  brick  gaol,  a  Pref- 
byterian  and  German  Lutheran  church* 
and  about  100  dwelling-houfes.  Here 
the  river  is  about  half  a  mile  broad,  and 
at  the  ferry  oppofite  Northumberland, 
about  a  mile  higher,  is  |ths  of  a  mile. 
It  is  about  76  miles  above  Reading,  and 
lao  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

SuNBURY,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft- 
town  of  Georgia,  beautifully  fituated  in 
Liberty  co.  at  the  head  of  St.  Catharine's 
Soimd,  on  the  main,  between  Medway 
and  Newport  rivers,  about  1 5  miles  S. 
of  Great  Ogeechee  river.  The  town 
arj  harbour  are  defended  from  the  fury 
of  I  he  fea  by  the  N.  and  S.  points  of  St. 
Helena  and  St.  Catharine's  iflands }  be.' 
tween  is  the  bar  and  entrance  into  the 
found :  the  harbour  is  capacious  and 
fafe,  and  has  water  enough  for  fltips  of 
great  burden.  It  is  a  very  pleafant 
healthy  town,  and  is  the  refort  of  th« 
planters  from  the  adja«  ent  country,  durr 
ing  thi  fickiy  montlis.  It  was  burnt 
during  the  late  war,  but  has  fince  been 
rebuilt.  An  academy  was  eftahliftied 
here  in  1788,  which  has  been  under  an 
able  inlhuftor,  and  proved  a  very  ufeful 
inrtitution.  It  is  40  miles  S.  of  Savan- 
nah, and  974.  from  Philadelphia. 

LI  SUNCOOKy 


SJ» 


su? 


a  V  P 


Sv»icooic»afinanplamatton  itiYot-k  fthe  Stralti  of  St.  Marle»  which  art 


CO.  Siftrift  ot  Maine,  which  with  Brom 
fieklcuntaina  150  inhabitants. 

SvMDBRbAND,  a  townihtp  of  Ver- 
Moittf  Scnni:.gton  co.  16  miIcK  N.  E. 
«f  Benningtoi),  and  contains  414.  inha- 
)lil!ants.  A  lt«t)  mine  has  been  lately 
direovereti  in  this  town(hip. 

Sunderland,  a  town(hin  of  Mafla 
chuieits,  (ituatcd  in  Uampmire  co.  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Connti^iciU  river,  about 
«6  ttiites  N.  of  Hatiley  and  loo  W.  ot 
Boilon.  There  is  here  a  handfotne 
Congregational  church,  and  73  houfes, 
lying  chiefly  on  one  llircr.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  171!^,  ami  contains  462 
inhabttatits. 

SuPAY  Urgo,  oi'  Denf its  Hill,  are- 
inarkabie  eminence  in  the  province  of 
Quito,  in  Peiu,  between  the  valiies  of 
Cfittgui  pata,  and  thole  of  Paiite.  It 
has  Its  name  from  a  1i»!>ulous  ftory  of 
enchantment,  propagatetl  by  a  fuperili- 
tioiis  Spaniard.  It  i»  thought  to  con- 
tain rich  mines.. 

.   SupfcRioR,  Laie,   formerly  termed 
the  Upper  Lake,  from  its  northern  fitu- 
ation.      It  may  juftly  be  termed   the 
Cafpiavi  Sea  of  America,  and  is  liippol* 
ed  to  he  the  iarged  body  of  frefti  water 
en  the  globe.    According  to  the  French 
charts  it  is  1,500  miles  in  circumi'erence. 
A  great  part  of  tlic  coaf*  is  bounded  l)y 
rocks  and  uneven  ground.     It  is  (itii- 
atctl  between  46.  and  50.  N.  lat.  ami  be- 
tween 84.  30.  and  9»,  V^  .  long.     The 
ivater  is  very  clear,   and  tranlparent. 
If  the  fun  fliines  bright,  it  is  impofiible 
through  this  medium  to   look  at  the 
rocks  at  the  bottom,  above  a  minute  or 
two.    Ahhough  tlic  water,   at  the  fur- 
face,  is  much  warmed  by  the  heat  of  ihe 
fun,  yet,  when   drawn  up  at  about  a 
fathom  depth,  it  is  very  cold.    Storms 
are  more  dreadful    here  than  on   the 
bcean.     There  are  many  iflands  in  this 
lake ;    two  of    them   have  each   land 
enough,    if  proper  for  cultivation,  to 
form  a  connderablc  province  }   efptci- 
ally  Ifle  Royal,  which   is  not  Ids  tlian 
too  miles  long,   aiu)  in  many  places  40 
broad.  The  natives  lujipofc  theic  illands 
to  be  the  rciidence  of  tJie  Great  Spirit. 
Many  rivers  .  .npty   their  waters    into 
this   mighty  refti-voir;    of  thei(>,    one 
it  called  ffipegoH,  another  Michipico')- 
ten ;   which  are  dcl'cribad  under  their 
rcfpeftive  heads.     This  lake  dif'charges 
m  waters  from  the  S.  £.  comer  through 


about  40  miles  long,  into  l,akc  Hu- 
ron. Lake  Superior,  although  about 
40  rivers  empty  into  it,  many  of  which 
are  large,  yet  it  docs  not  appear  that 
one-tenth  part  of  the  wafers  which  it 
receives,  is  difehargfd  by  the  above- 
mentioned  ftrait :  great  part  of  the  wn. 
ters  evaporate  \  and  Providence  doubt- 
lefs  makes  ufi;  of  this  inland  f«a  to  fur- 
niO)  the  interior  parts  of  the  country 
with  that  fupply  of  vapours,  without 
which,  like  the  interior  parts  of  Africa, 
they  muft  have  been  a  mere  defert.  A 
number  of  tribes  liV:;  atcviitd  Lake  Su- 
perior, but  little  ifr  known  rcfpefting 
them.  The  following  extra£l  from  the 
journal  of  a  late  traveller  will  be  ac- 
ceptable to  the  curiouft. 

■  "  Mr.  M— — ,  about  the  year  1750, 
departed  fmm  Montteal  with  a  company 
of  about   100  men,    'mder  his  direc- 
tion, for  the  purpofe  of  making  a  tour 
through  the  Indian  co'intry,  to  colle6l 
furs,  and  to  make  fuch  remarks  on  its 
foil,  waters,  lakes,  mountains,  itianners 
and  cuHcilIS  of  its  inhabitants  a^  might 
come  within  his  knowledge  and  obferva- 
tion.  He  purfued  his  route  from  Mont- 
real, entered  the   Indian  country,  and 
cor.'ied   about   300   leagues   along  the 
banks  of  Luke  Superior,  from  thence  to 
the  Lakt  oftht  Woods,  of  which  he  took 
an  ailual  furvey,  and  found  it  to  be  36 
leagues  in  length }  from  thence  to  the 
lake  Ounipique,  of  which  he  has  alfo  a 
defcription.     The  tribes  of  the  Irdians 
which  he  pad'eii  through,    were  called 
the  Mafiego  tribe,  Sbefeweyau,  CithimJ- 
tinge,  Great  Belly  Indians,  Beaver  In- 
dians,   Blood  Indians,    the    Black  fiet 
Tfibe,  the   Snake  Indians,   OJfmbians, 
Shiveytoon  Tribe,   Mandon  Tribe,  PaU' 
nees,  and  feveral  others,  who  in  general 
were  very  pacific  and  friendly  towards 
him,    and   are   great   admirers  of  the 
bed  hunting  horles,  in  which  the  coun- 
try abounds.     The  horfes  prepared  by 
them  for  hunters,  have  large  holes  eut 
above  their  natural  nottrils,  for  NVhich 
they  give  as  a  vcaCon,  that  thofe  pre- 
pared in  this  manner  will  keep  tneir 
breath  longer  tliaii  the  others,   which 
are    not    thus    prepared  j    from  expe- 
rience, knowledge  is  gained,  and   the 
long  practice  of  this  cuftom,  confequent 
on  thefe  trials,    mull  have  convinced 
them  of   the   tiuth  and  utility  of  the 
experiment}  otherwife  we  can  hardly 

fuppoib 


SUP. 

fuppofe  they  would  torture  their  beft 
horfet  in  tliit  manner,  if  fonte  advan- 
tage was  not  derived  from  the  mcal'ure. 
In  purfuing  his  route,  he  tbund  no  diffi' 
culty-in  obtaining  a  guide  to  accompa- 
ny him  from  one  nation  to  the  otiusr, 
until  he  came  to  the  Shining  Mountains, 
or  Mountains  rf  Bright  Stones,   wliere, 
in  attempting  to  pals,  he  was  fruftrated 
by  the  holtiic  appearance  of  the  Indians 
who  inhabit  that  part  of  tlie  country. 
The  confequencc  of  which  was,  he  was 
diiapfKiinted  in  his  intention  ami  ol^lieed 
to  turn  his  hack  upon  them.     Having 
colie£led  a  number  of  Indians,  he  went 
forwai-d  again,    with  an  intention  to 
force  his  way  over  thofu  moimtains,  if 
neceflfary  and  pra£licable,  and  to  malce 
his  way  to  Couk's  river,  on  theN.  W. 
coaft  of  America,  fuppofed  by  him  to 
be  about  300  leagues  from  the  moun- 
tains ;  but  the  inhabitants  of  the  moun. 
tains  again  met  him  with  titcir  bowr,  and 
arrows,  and  fo  fuperior  were  they  in 
numbers  to  his  little  force,  that  he  was 
obliged  to  flee  before  thtm.     Finding 
himfelf  thus  totally  difappointed  in  the 
information  he  was  in  liopes  to  obtain, 
he  was  obliged  to  turn  his  back  upon 
that  part  of  the  country  for  which  his 
thidting  heart  had  long  panted.     Cold 
weather  coming  on,  he  built  huts  for 
himielf  and  party  in  the  Offnobian  coun- 
try, and  near  to  the  ibuice  of  a, large 
river,  called  the  Offnobian  river,  where 
they  tarried  during  the  contihuance  of 
the  cold  feafon,  and  until  fome  time  in 
the  warmer  months.     Previous  to  his 
departure  from  Montreal,  he  had  i'up- 
plied  himfelf  with  fevenil  kinds  of  feet's, 
and  before  his  huts  he  laid  out  a  fmall 
gartien,    which   the  natives  oblerving, 
called  them  fiaves,  for  digging  up  the 
ground,  nothing  of  that  kind  being  done 
by  them,  they  living  wholly  on  animal 
food  ;  bread  is  unknown  to  them  j  to 
fome  he  gave   fonie  remnants  of  hard 
bread,  which  they  chewed  and  fpit  out 
again,  calling  it  rotten  wood.     When 
his  onions,  &c.  were  foniewhat  advan- 
ced in  their  jrrowth,  he  was  ofttn  lur- 
prized  to  find  them  pulled  up  j  deter- 
mining therefore  to  know  from  what 
caufe  it  proceeded,  he  direfted  his  men 
to  keep  watch,  who  found  that  the  In- 
dian  children,  induced   by  motives  of 
curiofity,  cm\t  with  fticks,  thndl  them 
through  the  poles  of  his  fence,  to  afcer- 
tain  and  fuCufy  themf«lve8>  what  the 


d  u  it  ^ft 

thing!  of  the  white  men  werci  and  in 
what  liianner  they  grew,  &c  Thena« 
tives  of  this  country  hav.        "    d  or 

[lei  manent  place  of  abode,  b  ..  v(rhol« 
y  in  tents  nnade  of  bufTuloe  and  other 
hides,  and  with  which  they  travel  from 
one  place  to  another  like  the  Arabs  | 
and  io  foon  as  the  feed  for  their  horftt 
is  expended,  they  remove  their  tents  t6 
another  fertile  fpot,  and  fo  on  continue 
ally,  tcarcely  ever  returning  to  the  fame 
f'pots  again." 

Si^RiNAM,  a  province  or  di(Vri6l  in 
South  America,  belonging  to  the  Dutchk 
Sec  Dutch  Guiana, 

Surinam,  a  beautiful  river  of  South* 
America,  and  in  Dutch  Guiana}  threeJL 
quarters  of  a  mile  wide  at  its  mouth  { 
navigable  for  the  largeft  vcflels  i  s  miles, 
and  tor  I'maller  vel^ls  60  or  70  mile* 
further.  Its  banks,  quite  to  the  water** 
edge,  are  covered  with  everereen  man- 
grove trees,  which  render  the  profpcA 
very  delightful.  The  entrance  is  guards 
ed  by  a  tort  and  two  redoubts,  but  not 
of  any  great  ftrength.  At  6  miles  U]^ 
the  Commanwine  falls  into  it,  and  on 
the  point  of  land  between  the  two  rivers 
are  the  forts.  The  tovi^n  of  Surinam 
is  in  Jat.  6.  10..  N.  and  long.  55.  t«. 
W.  The  beft  anchorage  is  under  Ze- 
landia  Fort. 

SuaRY,  a  county  of  N*  Carolina,  ill 
Salisbury  diftrift;  bounded  eaft  by 
Stokes,  and  weft  by  Wilkes.  It  con- 
tains 7,191  inhabitants,  including  698 
llaves.  Ihc  Moravian  fettlements  of 
Wachovia  are  in  this  county.  Near 
the  river  Yadkin  is  a  forge,  which,  ma- 
nufaftures  bar-iron.  The  Ararat  or  Pi- 
lot Mountain,  about  '6  miles  north-weft 
of  Salem,  draws  the  attention  of  every 
curious  traveller  in  this  pait  of  the  State. 
It  is  difceniible  at  the  diltance  of  60  or 
70  miles,  overlooking  the  countiy  be- 
low. !•:  was  anciently  called  the  Pilotj 
by  the  Indians,  as  it  ferved  them  for  a 
beacon,  to  conduft  their  routes  in  the 
northern  and  fouthern  wars.  On  ap- 
proacliing  it,  agrand  <ljfplsy  of  nature's 
workmanfhip,  in rudedrcis,  is  exhibited. 
From  its  broad  bafej  the  mountain  rifes 
in  eafy  al'cent,  like  a  pyramid,  near  a 
mile  high,  to  where  it  is  not  more  than 
the  area  of  an  acre  broad  ;  vhen,  on  a 
fudden,  a  vaft  ftupendous  rock,  having 
the  appearance  of  a  large  caftle,  with 
its  battlements,  creels  its  perpendicular 
height  to  upwards  of  300  fjet,  and  ter- 
Im  \  %  i^iinatcs 


SJi 


8  Ud 


mmalet  in  a  flat,  which  ia  generally  at 
levei  as  a  floor.  To  afcend  this  pitci 
pice,  there  is  only  one  way,  wliich, 
thmug^h  cavities  and  fiflures  of  the  rock, 
is  with  fome  diflliculty  and  danger  ef- 
feAed.  When  on  the  fiimmit,  the  eye 
is  entertained  with  a  vaft,  delighthil 
profpeA  of  the  Apalaehian  motnitains, 
on  the  north,  and  a  wide,  extended  level 
cwuntry  below,  on  the  feiith ;  vhile  the 
Areams  of  the  Yadkiit  and  Dan,  on  the 
right  and  left  hand,  are  difcoved  at 
ievcral  diftant  places,  winding  their  way, 
through  the  tmilc  low  grounds,  to- 
wai'ds  the  ocean. 

SxTRRY,  a  count]'  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed north  by  James  river,  which  fcpa- 
rates  i(  from  Charles  Vhy  county,  eaft 
by  Ifle  of  Wight,  and  weft  by  Prince 
George's  county.  It  contains  6,4*7 
inhabitants,  of  whom  3,097  are  flaves. 

Surry,  a  townfhip  of  New-Hamp> 
fliire,  in  Cheshire  county,  containing 
44S  inhabitants.  It  lies  eaft  of  Wal- 
pole,  adjoining,  and  was  incorporated 
IB  1769,. 

Svst^EHARN  AH  Rh>trmft*  in  Lake 
Uftayantho,  in  the  State  of  New- York, 
and  nins  in  fuch  a  Terpentine  ceurfe  that 
U  crofTes  the  boundaiy  Hne  between  the 
States  of  Pennfylvania  and  New- York, 
three  times.  It  receives  tht  Tyoga  river 
in  N.  lat.  41.  57.  Afterwards  it  pro- 
ceeds  fouth-eaft  to  Wyoming,  without 
any  obftruflion  by  falls,  and  then  fouth- 
wefl  over  Wyoming  falls,  till,  at  Sunbu- 
ry,  in  lat  r  41.  it  meets  the  wttt  branch 
of  Sufuiidiannah,  which  is  navigable  90 
miles  (I'om  its  mouth.  From  Sunbin-y 
the  river  is  uafiable  with  boats  to  Har- 
rHburg  and  Middicton  on  the  Swatara. 
About  1 5  miles  above  Harrifburg,  it  re- 
ceives the  Juniatta,  from  the  north*  weft, 
pjoceeding  from  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains,  and  flowing  through  a  broken 
fountry.  Hence  it  taken  its  cuurfe 
about  fouth-eaft,  until  it  falls  into  the 
head  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  juft  below  Ha- 
vre dc  Grace.  It  is  about  a  nule  wide  at 
its  •-'  ^h,  and  navigable  ouly  zo  miles, 
the  :«>  gn'io?.  i  eiiii'  obftruHcd  beyond 
that  by  tht  \f  ..iids.  The  inland  navi- 
gation betw::w.>  vchuylkill  and  Sufque 
nan  jabj  wi'-  br;;i^  by  w..;cr  toPhUa.'.tl 
pl'ia,  i■ii^  fiideot  p(  'dVi  t^i+ije  roiirT^'-^ 
ot  ■j'liOi''-''  i'.  .  i>  v.i'*}'.<fi^(>ure,  «v  <>,ooo,ta<j 
aerts  .*  i^.  !■  dr,  can  beaccotr- 
plirt  o..  -,K  I'jJ'id  pavigalion  may  'e 
•afil)  mnu    »i»  the  '^  •\o  i^.itoLake 


sv  s 

Erie,  which  would  at  once  open  a  conr* 
munication  with  above  »,ooo  miles  ex- 
tent of  weftem  country,  viz.  with  all 
the  great  lakes,  together  with  the  coun- 
tries which  lie  on  the  waters  of  Mifllfip. 
pi,  MifTouri,  ;«nd  all  thiiir  -branches. 
The  water  c.)mmunication  between 
Schuylkill  and  Sufquehannah,  which  is 
the  foul  mf  all  this,  wiU  be  about  60 
miles,  as  the  navigation  muft  go,  a|. 
though  the  diftance  on  a  l.ne  is  only  40 
miles-.  This  track  is  cut  by  two  creeks, 
the  Quttapahilla  and  the  Tulpehoken» 
Thefe  two  creeks  le7,d  within  4  miles  of 
each  other  i  tiiS  level  of  their  head  wa- 
ters is  nearly  the  fame,  and  the  (pace  be- 
tween them  makes  the  height  of  land^ 
or,  as  it  is  commonly  called,  the  ctowm 
laud  between  the  two  rivers,  which  is 
nearly  on  a  plain,  and  the  bottom  of  the 
canal',  thrcHigh  which  the  navigation 
mull  pafs,  will  no  where  rife  more  than 
)o  feet  above  the  level  of  the  head  wa- 
ters  of  the  two  creeks  above  mentioned, 
nor  fo  much  as  aoa  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  waters  of  Sufquehanbah  or 
Schuylkill.  The  Company,  inftitvted 
the  a^th  of  Sept.  1791,  has  a  capital  of 
1000  (hares  at  400  dollars  each,  i»yablr 
at  fuch  time  as  the  Company  (hall  di- 
reSl.  The  work  is  already  commen- 
ced. Coal  of  an  excellent  quality  is 
found  on  feveral  parts  of  this  river, 
particularly  at  Wycming. 
Sussex,  the  north-weftc 


k  is 


cmmcft  CO.  of 
mountainous  and 


New-Jerfcy. 
healthy,  and  has  feveral  iron  mines; 
and  works  have  been  erefted  for  the 
manufacture  of  bar  and  pig  iron.  It 
produces  excelknt  crops  of  wheats 
and  in  no  part  of  the  State  are  greater 
herds  of  cattle.  The  produce  is  floated 
dowm  the  Delaware,  in  boats  and  r^tts. 
Here  are  5  Prtfbyterian  churches,  a  for 
Anabaptids,  i  for  German  Lutherans, 
and  I  for  Quakers.  It  contains  is 
townflilps ;  the  chief  of  which  are  New- 
ton, Greenwich,  Hardyflon,  Knowlr 
town,  and  Oxford.  The  population  is 
i9,<;oo  including439  flaves.  It  is  bound- 
ed N.  E.  by  the  State  of  New- York,  N. 
W.  by  Delaware  river,  which  fepa. 
rates  it  from  Northampton  co.  in  Ptnu- 
fylvania,  and  fouth-  eaft  and  fouth  by 
Morris  and  Hunterdon  counties.  Paul- 
in'sKiil  is  here  navigabk  for  (hiall  crait 
15  uiiU-s.  The  Mufc-netcony,  which 
divides  titj  county  from  Hunterdon,  is 
gtpabU  of  bcniEciai  iiupi'ovemtait$>  as 

...     i& 


contains  a,< 


SWA 

14  fhe  Pequeft  or  Pequafet,  between  tlie 
above-mentioned  rivers.  The  court- 
houfe  in  this  county  is  i  ^  miles  fouth- 
weft  of  Hamburg  j  38  N.  E.  of  Eafton, 
in  Peoufylvania  {  41  fouth-weft  of  Go. 
flien,  in  New<Yorlc  {  and  108  N.  by  E. 
of  Philadelphia.  The  village  at  this 
place  is  called  Newton. 

S  u  s  8  B  JC|  a  county  of  Vi  rginia }  bound- 
ed  N.  E.  by  Surry,  and  iouth-weft  by 
Dinwiddle.  It  contains  10,554  inhabi- 
tantSf  including  5,387  Haves. 

Sussex,  a  maritime  county  of  Dela- 
ware State,  bounded  weft  and  fouth  by 
the  State  of  Maryland,  north-eaft  by 
Delaware  Bay,  call  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  north  by  Kent  cp.  It  con- 
tains so,4t8  inhabitants,  including 
4,ui5  flaves.  C^pe  Henlopcn  is  the 
north- eaftern  part  of  the  county.  Chief 
towut  Georgetown. 

Sutton,  a  tuwnftiip  of  New-  Hamp- 
(hire,  Hillfborough  co.  containing  520 
inhabitants.  It  was  firft  called  Perryf- 
town,  and  was  incorporated  in  1784. 

'SUTTON,atownibipin  Worctfterco. 
MaiTachufetts,  46  miles  W.  S.  W.  of 
Bofton,  and  10  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Wor- 
cefter.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 7 1'8,  and 
contains  3,641  inhabitants.  Here  are 
10  grift  mills,  6  iaw-miils,  3  fulling, 
mills,  a  paper-mill,  an  oil-mill,  and  7 
uip-hamratrs.  There  are  5  ftythcand 
ax-makers,  one  hoe-maker,  fcvcial  who 
work  at  nail-dnaking,  and  6  works  for 
making  pot-aih.  Here  are  found  gin- 
feng  and.the  cohufti-root.  Thecavtm, 
commonly  ca  led  Purgatory,  in  the  Ibuth- 
eaftern  part  of  the  town,  is  a  natural  cu- 
riolity.  Bodiesof  ice  are  found  here  m 
June,  although  the  dei'cent  is  to  thc 
ibuth. 

SWALUOW  Jfland,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean, ^.  lat.  )o.  E.  long,  fiom  Paris, 
162.  30. ;  difcov.ered  by  Roggewein, 
17x2. 

Swam  SCOT,  or  Great  River,  to  dif. 
tinguifli  it  from  another  much  lei's,  ullu 
vAXtAExeter  Rivera  rifcs  in  Chillt-r,  in 
Mfw  Hampfliire,  and  alter  nmning 
through  Sandown,  Poplin^  firmtwoo^f, 
and  a  confideiable  part  of  Exeter,  af 
fording  many  excellent  mUl- feats,  turn. 
bJes  over  a  fall  20  or  30  rods  in  length, 
and  meets  the  tide  from  Pii'cataqua  har- 
bour, in  the  centre  ot  the  townfliip  ot 
F.xeter.  The  I'maller  river  rifes  111 
Brentwood  and  joins  Great  river  about 
»  third  of  a  mile  above  Exeter^    Here 


8  W  E  5SS 

are  caught  plenty  of  alewivei  and  foa 
oyfters.  Swamwot  is  the  Iqdian  jmiu 
of  Exeter. 

Swan  lfltmd;\x\  ibeDtftrlAofMtiine, 
divides  the  waters  of  Kcnnebeck  rivflr» 
three  miles  from  the  Chops  of  Merry^ 
Meeting  Bay.  It  fs  fe^'cn  miles  long, 
and  has  a  n:iv'gable  channel  on  both 
fides,  but  that  to  the  eaft  is  moftly  ufed. 
It  was  the  ft  at  of  the  fachem  Ktnebit 
The  river  \x(i\i  probably  took  its  name 
fi'om  the  race  of  Sagamore*  of  <he  nam^ 
of  Kenebis. 

SwANNANO,  the  eaft  head  water  of 
French  Kroad  river,  in  TennelTee.  Alfo 
the  name  of  a  lettlement  within  about 
60  miles  of  the  Cherokee  nation. 

SWANNSBOROUGH,  the  chief  town 
of  Onflow  ico.  Wilmington  diftriQ,  N. 
Carolina. 

S  WA  N  SE  Y,  a  townfliip  in  Chefhire  co. 
New-Haiupfhire,  adjoining  Cheftcrfield 
on  the  E.  97  miles  wefterly  of  Portf- 
mauth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1753* 
and  contains  1157  inhabitants. 

SwANSEy,  a  townihip  in  firiltol  co* 
MafTuchufetts,  containing  1744  inhabit- 
ants. It  was  incoiporated  in  166/4  and 
lies  51  miles  fouthcriy  of  Boftoa. 

SwANTON,  a  townihip  of  Vermont, 
Franklin  co.  on  the  E.  bank  of  Lake 
Champlain,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Mif* 
chtfcoui  river.  This  townfhip  las  a 
c  idar  fwamp  in  the  W  W.  part  of  it, 
towards  Hog  Ifland.  The  Miichilcoui 
is  navigable  tor  the  largelt  boatsymilei, 
to  the  fills  in  thii-  town. 

S  WAN  TOWN,  in  Kent  CO.  Maryland,  i-. 
about  3  miles  b.  eafterlyof  Georgetr^wn. 
SwEDEsBOROJUGH,armaUpoit.town 
ofNew  Jerley^  Glouc;fier  co.  on  Ra- 
coon Creek,  3  nules  from  its  mouth, 
in  Delaware  river,  11  S.  by  W.  of 
Woodbury,  17  N.  by  E.  of  Salem,  and 
20  Ibutherly  of  Philadelphia. 

Swedish  America.  The  Swedes 
had  ar.cientiy  fcttlcn.ents  on  Delaware 
river,  and  the  Swetlifh  church  in  Phila- 
delpbia  is  the  oidtft  in  that  city.  Tlie 
only  American  lettlement  they  have 
now,  is  the  Irnall  iflind  or  BartholwncWy 
or  Barthelemi,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  wJjicU 
is  about  30  miles  in  length,  and  the 
lame  m  breadth.  It  was  obtained  from 
France  in  1785,  and  gave  rile  to  the 
Swtdilh  W-^ft-India  Company. 

tWEET  Springs,  m  Vnglnia,  30 

miles  E.  by  N.  of  Greenbriar,  yj  weft 

of  Staunton,  and  3SaS.  W.  of  Phila- 

L  1  3  delphia« 


1,4  TAB 

dcMiia.  In  the  rettletnent  around  thefe 
^nngi»  a  pon-office  is  kept.- 

SwBTARA,  or  Stuatarot  a  river  of 
Pennsylvania,  which  falls  into  the  Suf- 

Soehannah  from  the  N.  £.  about  7  miles 
.  E.  of  Harriiburg. 

SroNBr,  or  Cape  Breton  I/land', 
which  fee. 

SVDNAY,  in  Lincoln  co.  Diftrifl  of 
Mtune,  is  37  miles  from  Pownalborough, 
98  from  Hallowell,  and  203  from  Bolton. 

8YM8BURY.     See  Simjbury. 

Sypomba,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  in  S.  America,  about  7  leagues 
N.  E.  of  St.  John's  Idond,  and  N.  W. 
from  a  range  of  iflands  which  form  the 
great  {fay  of  Para. 


TAAWIRRY,  one  of  the  two  fmall 
iflands  within  the  reef  of  the  ifland 
of  Otaheite,  in  the  South  Pacifu  Ocean. 
Thefe  iflands  have  anchorage  within 
the  reef  that  furrounds  them. 

Tabaco,  an  ifland  in  the  Bay  of  Pa- 
nama, about  4  mih.i,  lo>  "ind  3  broad. 
It  is  mountainous,  and  abounds  with  fruit 
trees.    N.  lat.  7.  30.  W.  long.  60. 16. 

Tabasco,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  W. 
part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexicn,  and  at  the 
bottom  of  the  Gulf  or  Campeachy,  is 
about  36  miles  long,  and  about  7  broad  j 
and  on  it  is  built  the  town  of  Tabafco, 
in  lat.  17.  40.  N.  and  long.  93.  39.  W. 
It  is  the  capital  of  a  rich  province  of  its 
name,  and  is  fltuated  at  the  mouth  of  thc 
river  Grijalva,  90  miles  E.  of  Efpirito 
$anto,  and  160  S.  E.  of  Mexico.  It  is 
not  large,  but  is  well  built,  and  is  con- 
iiderabiy  enriched  by  a  conflant  refort 
of  n^erchants  and  tradefmen  at  Chritt- 
nias.  'The  river  Grijalva  divides  itl'clf 
near  the  fea  into  two  branches,  of  which 
the  weftem  falls  into  the  river  Tabafco, 
which  rifcs  in  the  mountains  of  Chiapa, 
and  the  other  continues  its  courfe  till 
within  4  leagues  of  the  fea,  where  it 
fubdivides  and  (eparates  the  jfland  from 
the  continent.  Near  it  are  plains  which 
abound  with  cattle  aiid  other  animals, 
particularly  the  mountain  cow,  lb  called 
from  its  rcfembling  that  creature,  and 
feeding  on  a  fort  ot  mofs  found  on  the 
trees  near  great  rivers. 

Taboguilla,  or  Little  Tabago,  in 
^e  bay  of  Pa:     la,  a  imaller  ifland  than 


T  AL 

Tabago,  and  near  it.  The  channel  be^ 
tween  them  is  narrow  but  |(ood,  through 
which  ihips  pafs  to  Pomt  Chama  or 

Nata. 

Tabooyamanoo,  a  fmuU  ifland  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  fub)eft  to  Hua- 
heine,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands. 

Tacames,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Pe- 
ru,  in  lat.  about  i.  6.  N.  and  3  leagues 
to  the  N.  E.  of  Point  Galera. 

Tachifi  Point i  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Mexico,  is  18  miles  from  the  town  of 
Pomaro. 

Taconnet  fall.  See  Fpn  Halifax, 

Tacunca.    See  Latacuiioa. 

Tadousac,  a  fmall  place  in  Lower 
Canada,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sa- 
guenay,  or<6agaenai  on  the  north  fliore 
of  the  ri  er  St.  Lawrence.  Here  a  con- 
fiderablc  trade  has  been  carried  on  with 
the  Indians,  they  bringing  their  furs  and 
exchanging  them  for  European  cloths, 
utenfils  and  trinkets.  It  is  98  miles 
Iwlow  Quebec.  N.  lat.  48.  W.  long, 
67.  35.    See  Saguenay  River. 

Ta?nsa,  a  lettlement  in  Weft^Flori- 
da,  on  the  eaftern  channel  of  thi  great 
Mobile  river,  on  a  high  blufi^,  and  on  the 
I'cite  of  an  ancient  Indan  town,  which 
is  apparent  from  many  artificial  mounds 
of  earth  and  other  ruins.  It  is  about 
30  niiles  above  Fort  Conde,  or  city  of 
Mobile,  at  the  head  oF  the  bay.  Here 
is  a  delightful  and  extenfjve  profpeil  of 
i'ome  flourifliing  plantations.  The  in- 
habitants are  mojtly  of  French  extrac- 
tion, and  are  chiefly  tenants.  The 
myrica  inodora,  or  wax-tree,  grows  here 
to  the  height  of  9  or  10  feet,  and  pro- 
duces excellent  wax  for  candles. 

Tagapipe,  a  caflle  eredted  on  a 
point  of  land  in  the  Bay  of  All  Saints, 
in  Brazil.  It  is  piYtty  confiderable,  and 
adds  greatly  to  the  ftrengih  of  St.  Sal.: 
V  ad  ore. 

Tago,  Sant,  ^r  T/ai  j  Point,  on  the 
weft  coaft  of  Ntw  Mexico,  is  between, 
Salae;ua  and  the  White  Roc'' 

1  a  HOC  R  A,  or  Tahooro-xv/i .  one  of  the 
fmalleft  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands, 
leagues  from  tlie  Ibuth-w  .t  part  of 
Mowee.N.  lat.  20  38.  W,  long  156.  33. 
Talahasochte,  a  confiderable 
town  cf  the  Serriinole  Indians,  fituuted 
on  the  elevated  taft  banks  of  the  Little 
river  St.  John,  near  the  bay  of  Apalache, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  about  75  miles 
from  the  Alachua  favanna.  Here  are 
neai'  30  habitations  conftiu^tol  of  frame 

wwk, 


T  AL 

work,  and  covered  with  the  bark  of  the 
cypreft  tree*  afcerthe  mode  of  the  Cufco. 
willa,  and  a  fpaciou*  and  neat  council- 
houfe.  Thefe  Indians  have  large  liand- 
ibme  canoes,  which  they  form  out  of  the 
tninks  of  cypref*  trees,  fonie  capacious 
enough  to  hold  lo  or  30  warriors.  In 
thefe  they  defcend  the  river  on  trading 
and  hunting  expeditions  on  the  Tea  -  coaft, 
iilands,  and  keys,  quite  to  the  Point  of 
Florida;  and  iom^ times  crofs  the  Gulf 
and  go  to  the  Bahama  Iflands,  and  even 
to  Cuba,  and  bring  returns  of  i'pirituous 
liquors,  coffee,  fugar,  and  tuh^cco. 

TalaPOOSee,  or  Tallapoofee,  the 
great  north-eaft  branch  of  the  Alabama 
or  Mobile  river,  in  Florida.  It  rifes  in 
the  high  lands  near  the  Chcrokees,  and 
runs  through  the  high  country  of  the 
Oakfulkee  tribes  in  a  weltwaidiy  direc- 
tion and  is  full  of  rocks,  falls,  and  (lioals, 
until  it  reaches  the  Tuckabatcbes, 
where  it  becomes  deep  and  quiet ;  from 
thence  the  courfe  is  weft  about  30  miles 
to  Little  Tallafie,  where  it  unites  with 
the  Coofa,  or  Cool'a  Hatcha.  At  Cool- 
j(bme,  near  OtalTe,  a  Mufcoefulge  town, 
this  river  is  300  yards  broad,  and  about 
1 5  or  ao  feet  deep.  The  water  is  clear 
and  falubrious.  In  moft  maps,  the  low- 
.er  part  of  this  river  is  called  Oakfujkie. 

TaLassee,  or  TaUaJfeej  a  county 
conlifting  of  a  traft  of  land  bounded  by 
•^Eaft- Florida  on  the  fouth,  from  whicii 
the  head  water  of  St.  Mary's  river  part- 
ly feparates  it  5  north  by  Alaramaha  liv- 
er, eaft  by  Glynn  and  Camden  counties, 
and  wefterly  by  a  line  which  extends 
from  the  weftem  part  of  Elcanfanoka 
Swamp,  in  a  N.  E.  direftion  till  it 
ilrikesthe  Alatamaha  river,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Oakmulgee.  It  is  iaid  that  the 
State  of  Georgia  had  extinguiflied  the 
Indian  claim  to  this  trail  of  land,  but  it 
has  been  given  up  to  the  Indians  as  the 
price  of  peace;  for  which  that  State 
makes  a  claim  for  .50,000!.  with  inteeit. 
fnice  the  treaty,  upon  the  United  States. 

Talassee,  a  town  of  tlie  Upper 
Creeks,  in  the  Georgia  wettern  terri 
tory,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Talapooie 
river,  diftant  about  3  davs  journey  from 
Apaiachicola  on  Chata  Uche  river.  It 
is  alio  called  Big  Talafl'ee. 

Talbert's  IJland,  on  the  coaft  of 
Georgia,  th^  north  point  of  which  is  in 
lat.  about  30.  44.  N.  where  St.  Mary's 
river  empties  into  the  ocean  between  this 
iiland  apd  Amelia  iilaud  on  the  N. 


T  A  M  Sit 

Tavbot,  an  iiland  on  the  ooaft  of 
Eaft-Floridi.     The  fands   at  the  en-  . 
trance  of  NaiTau  lie  three  miles  off  the 
fouth  eaft  point  of  Amelia  Iiland,  and 
from  the  N.  E.  point  of  Talbot  Iftand. 
Ialbot,  a  county  of  Maryland,  on 
the  eaftern   Oiore  of  Chefapeak    Bay, ' 
bounded  E.  by  Choptank  river,  which 
divides  it  from   Caroline  county,  and' 
fouth  by  the  fame  river,  which  feparatet' 
it  from  Dorchefter.    It  contains  1 3,084 
inhabitants,  of  whom  4.777  ^^^  flaves," 
Tiie  foil  is  rich  and  fertile. 

Talcaguama,  a  cape  on  the  coad 
cf  Chili,  Ti  leagues  N.  F-.  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Mary,  and  s  northward  of  Port 
St.  Vincent. 

Talcaguama  Port,  is  6  miles  with- 
in the  above  point  of  its  name,  and  is 
one  of  two  good  roa<ls  in  the  bay  of 
Conception. 

Tallow  Point,  a  mark  for  anchor-* 
ing  in  the  harbour  of  Port  Royal,  oi^ 
the  Ibuth  coaft  of  the  Iiland  oi  Jamaica. 
Taloo  Harbour,  on  the  N.  iide  of 
the  iiland  of  Eimeo,  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean.  8.  lat.  17,  30.  W.  long.  J50. 
TiiMALE<yjE,  an  inland  city,  ir-  nv^ 
province  of  St.  Martha,  on  the  cc.  %.  of 
Terra  Firma.  Jt  is  fituated  on  '\^x 
banks  ot  Magdalena  river,  and  carries 
on  a  trade  on  1  hat  river  from  New  Gra- 
nada to  Carthagena,  from  whence  it  it 
diltant  above  i  fjo  miles. 

Tamar,  Cape,  is  the  N.  W.  point 
of  a  l.irge  bay  :  nd  harbour  on  the  north 
ihore.or  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  within 
the  cape.  The  fouth- eait  point  of  the 
bay  .is  named  Providence.  S.  lat.  55;. 
51.  W.  loniT.  75.  40. 

TamaRIKa,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  northward  of  Pcrnambuco,  and 
about  24  miles  in  length.  It  is  a  miles 
N.  of  Pomovello,  and  has  a  harbour  and 
good  freili  .water.  S.  lat.  7.  56.  W. 
long.  35.  5. 

Tamatam^ue,  cilied  by  the  Spa- 
niard's Filla  de  las  Puhnas,  a  town  of 
Santa  Martha,  in  Terra  Firma,  S.  Ame- 
rica ;  fituated  on  the  eafttrn  bank  of 
Santa  Martha  river,  about  28  miles 
above  TeneritFe. 

Tambo  Land,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
extends  about  9  miles  from  Cape  Re- 
mate  to  Playa  de  los  Pcrdrices,  or  the 
Partjidge  Strand,  about  9  miles.  There 
is  clear  and  good  anchorage  upon  thjs 
ftrand,  under  a  row  of  high,  ridgy,  and 
fandy  hillt.  On  making  them  from  the 
L  1  4  fea, 


I 


536  T  A  O 

fea«  they  reftmble  a  covey  of  partridges 

juft  nfing  ;  hence  tlie  name  of  the  coaft. 

Tammany's,  f/.avillageonDan  river 

in  Virginia,  1 5  milrt  froir  Gill'*  Bridge, 

7  from   Mecklenbure  court -hou lis,  4a 

from   Halifax   court-haufe,   in  Noith- 

Carolina,  and  398  fvnm  Philadelphia. 

Tammany,  Fort  St.  or  St.  Mary's, 

at  the  moiiih  of  St.  Mury's  river,  on 

the  S.  line  of  Georgia.    Sec  St.  Mary's. 

Tammata-Pappa,  a  low  ifiand  of 

the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  faid  to  be  near  the 

Sandwich  Ifl'ands. 

Tamov  Iflandy  one  of  the  fmall 
iAets  which  form  part  of  the  reef  on  the 
£.  fide  of  Ulietea  Ifland,  one  of  the  So- 
ciety Iflnnds. 

Tampa.     Seo  Sfiritu  Santo. 
Tam WORTH,    a    towiifhip    in  the 
northern  part  of  Strafford   co.     New- 
Hamp(hire.      It   was   incorporated   in 
1766,  and  contains  366  inhabitants. 

Tanbanty  Bayt  on  the  coaft  of 
Bracil,  has  a  good  ruad,  fheltered  by  the 
£u)ds  that  He  off  within  3  miles  of  the 
fhore.  It  is  one  of  thofc  places  between 
Point  Negro  and  Point  Liiena. 

Taneytown,  a  fmall  poll-town  of 
Mai  J,  J,  in  Fredericlt  CO.  betweenPi.^ 
ney  Run  and  Pine  Creek,  on  which  are 
a  number  of  mills  and  fome  iron-works. 
It  lies  27  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Fredericlci- 
town,  and  laiW.  S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 
Tanela,  or  Tonei.'  a  tiaft  of  Ihore 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  k  ico,  on  the  N. 
Pacific  Ocean,  comn-.c icing  near  the 
Sugar  Loaf  Hill,  about  6  miles  within 
the  land,  bearing  N.  £.  and  S.  W.  with 
the  burning  mountain  of  Lacatecolula, 
about  iS  miles  up  the  river  Limpa. 

Tancola,  an  iflund  in  the  N.  Paci- 
fic Ocean,  and  on  the  weft  coaft  of  New 
Mexico  ;  affording  good  anchorage  and 
plenty  of  wood  and  water.  It  is  about 
60  miles  weftward  of  Guatimala.  It  is 
•Ifo  named  T'aKgolatango, 

Tan  CUE  Y,  or  Tongueyt  on  the  coaft 

of  Chili,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  30 

miles  from Limari, and  in  lat.  30.  30.  N. 

Tansa,  a  branch  of  the  river  Mobile, 

3  leagues  below  the  Alabama  branch. 

Taoo,  the  moft  foutherly  of  the 
Friendly  lAands,  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean,  is  about  10  leagues  in  circuit, 
and  fo  elevated  as  to  be  feen  at  the  dif- 
tance  of  12  leagues. 

Taouka,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  one  of  the  Society  Illands.  S. 
lat.  i4.  30.  W.  long.  145.  9. 


TAP 

TAPAWATHPEQyE,a  fownof  Guaa- 
aca,  and  audience  oF  Mexico.  It  ftanda 
:it  the  foot  of  the  mountains  Qmlenos, 
at  the  bottom  of  a  bay  in  the  South  Sea } 
and  is  rcprefented  as  oue  of  the  plcalant- 
dt  places  in  this  country,  and  the  beft 
fui-nifheil  with  Heft),  fowl  and  fiHi,  bring 
contiguous  both  to  the  fea  and  a  river, 
amidti  rich  farms,  each  of  which  being 
ftocked  with  between  1000  and  4000 
head  of  cattle.  Here  are  delightful 
walks  oi  orange,  lemon,  citron,  fig  and 
other  fruit  trees. 

Taparica,  a  long  iftand  on  the  weft 
fide  of  the  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  All 
Saints,  in  Brazil.    See  BahtM. 

Tapayo,  a  town  of  S.  America, 
on  the  foutii  bank  of  Amaion  river, 
eafterly  from  the  mouth  of  Madeira 
river. 

Tappahannock,  a  poft-town  and 
port  of  entiy  ot  Virginia,  in  Effex  co. 
between  Dangerfield  on  the  north  and 
Holkiif  s  creek  on  the  fouth,  and  on  the 
Ibuth-wt'ft  bank  of  Rappahannock  river, 
54  miles  from  Richmond,  67  from 
Williamft)urg,  and  a$3  from  Philadel- 
phia. It  is  alio  called  Hobbes'  Hole ; 
which  fee.  It  is  laid  out  regularly,  on 
a  rich  plain,  and  contains  about  100 
houfes,  an  epiicopal  church,  a  court- 
houfe,  and  gaolj  but  is  rather  unheal- 
thy. The  exports  for  one  year,  ending 
Sept.  30,  1794,  amounted  to  the  valuQ 
of  160,673  dollars. 

Tapay06.  See  Tafuyes. 
Tappan,  a  townol  New- York,  in 
the  fouth- eaft  part  of  Orange  co.  about 
4  miles  from  the  north  bank  of  Hudfon's 
river,  and  at  the  fouth  end  of  the  Tap- 
pan  fea.  Here  is  a  reformed  Proteftant 
Dutch  church.  Major  Andre,  adjutant* 
general  ot  the  Britiih  army  fuffered  here 
as  a  fpy,  0£1.  z,  1780}  having  been 
taken  on  his  way  to  New- York,  after 
concerting  a  plan  with  major-general 
Arnold  for  delivering  up  Weft  Point  to 
theBritifh. 

Tappan  Sea,  or  Bay,  a  dilatation  of 
Hudfun's  river,  in  the  State  of  New- 
York,  oppofite  the  town  p(  Tappan,  and 
35  miles  north  of  New- York  city  \  im- 
mediately fouth  of  and  adjoining  Haver- 
Ihaw  Bay.  It  is  10  miles  Ioue;  and  4 
wide;  and  has  on  the  north  fide  fine 
quarries  of  a  reddifli  free  ftonc,  u fed  for 
buildings  and  grave  Itones  5  which  are 
a  I'ource  of  great  wealth  to  the  propri- 
etors.   See  Steep  Rocks, 

TAPUYJiS, 


TAR 

Tapuyes,  or  Tapayos,  the  mod  con- 
siderable nation  of  the  native  Braziliani, 
in  S.  America,  that  have  not  yet  been 
conquered  by  the  Portuguefe.  They 
fpread  themiclvea  a  great  way  inland 
to  the  W.  and  are  divided  into  a  great 
ntimher  of  tribes  or  cantons,  all  govern- 
ed by  their  own  Icings. 

Tar  AHUM  A  RY,  a  province  of  New 
Spain,  laoo  miles  dilUnt  from  the  ca- 
pital. 

Tarborouch,  a  poft-town  of  N. 
Carolina;  fitnated  on  the  W.  (ide  of 
Tar  river,  about  85  miles  from  its  mouth, 
140  from  Ocrecock  Inlet,  110  N.  by  E. 
of  Fayetteville,  37  S.  of  Halifax,  11a 
S.  by  W.  of  Peterlbuig  in  Virginia, 
and  4x0  S.  W.  of  Philadelphia^  It 
containw  about  50  h'>ules,  a  cour*°-houre 
and  gaol.  Large  quantities  of  tobacco, 
of  ^hc  Peter(burg  quality,  pork,  beef, 
ami  Indian  corn  are  colleaed  here  for 
exportation. 

Tari]  A,  or  Chic  has  f  one  of  the  four- 
teen juri{di6\ions  belonging  to  the  arch- 
bifhopric  of  Plata,  in  Peru.  It  lies 
about  QO  miles  fouth  of  Plata,  and  its 
greateft  ext'jnt  being  about  105  miles. 
The  tempiamre  of  the  air  is  various  : 
11.  fome  pans  hot,  and  in  others  cold  ;  fo 
that  it  has  che  advantage  of  corn,  fruits 
and  cattle.  This  country  abounds 
every  where  in  mines  of  gold  and  filver  j 
but  el'pecially  that  part  called  Choca- 
yas.  Between  this  province  and  the 
country  inhabited  by  tne  wild  Indians, 
runs  the  l.irge  river  Tipuanys,  the  lands 
of  which  being  mixed  with  gold,  are 
wafhed,  in  order  to  i'eparate  the  grains 
of  that  metal. 

Tar,  or  Pamli:o  Ui'vir,  a  conlidera 
ble  river  of  N.  Carolina,  which  puifucs 
a  fouth~eait  covrfe,  and  paflini^  by 
Wafliington,  Tarborou8;h  and  Green- 
ville, entersPamlico  Sound  in  lat.  35.  z2. 
N.  It  is  navigable  for  veflels  drawing 
9  feet  water  to  the  town  of  Wafliington, 
40  miles  from  its  mouth ;  and  for  Icows 
or  flats  carrying  30  or  40  hhds.  50 
miles  farther  to  the  town  of  Tarbo- 
rough.  According  to  the  report  of  a 
committee,  appointed  by  the  legiflatiire 
of  N.  Carolina,  to  inquire  into  the 
praflicability  of  improving  the  inland 
navigation  of  the  State,  it  is  fuppol'ed 
that  this  river,  and  Firtiy  Cretk,  a 
branch  of  it,  may  be  made  navigable  40 
miles  above  Tarborough. 
Tarpaulin  Covct  on  the  coaft  of 


T  A  U  537 

Mafftchu&ttt,  lies  about  3  leatnet  N. 
N.  W.  of  Holmes's  Ho>e,  in  Marths't 
Vineyard.  It  is  high  w;  <er  here  «t  fuU 
an«  change,  two  minutes  after  ten 
o'clock  ;  j  fathoms  water. 

Tarrytown,  a  confiderable village 
in  Phillips's  Manor,  New  Yorl(,  on  tht 
E.  fide  of  Hudfon't  river,  30  miles  N. 
of  New  York  city.  Under  a  large  tree* 
which  is  (hewn  to  travellers  as  they  pafs 
the  river,  is  the  fpot  where  the  unfor- 
tunate Major  Andre  was  taken ;  who 
was  afterwards  executed  at  Tappan. 

Tarstown.  Stt  LeiAJburgfVtnn- 
fylvania. 

Tarte's  Rapids,  La,  on  the  river 
Ohio,  lie  40  miles  above  the  mouth  o£ 
the  Great  Kanhaway.     See  Ohio, 

Tatmaoouchb,  or  Tatamagouchet 
a  place  in  Nova- Scotia,  on  a  fhort  bay 
which  fets  up  foutherly  from  the  S:iait* 
of  Northumberland;  about  *$  mile* 
from  Onflow,  and  11  from  the  iHand  of 
St.  John's.  See  Southamflon,  It  has  a 
very  good  road  forvefl'cls,  and  is  known 
alio  under  the  names  Tatamaganabou. 

Tatnam  Cape,  the  eaftem  point  of 
Haye's  river,  in  Hudfon's  Bay.  N.  lat. 
57.  35.  W.  long.  91.  30. 

Tatoo-e  TEE,  an  ifland  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the  Ingrahnm 
Ifles,  called  by  Capt.  Ingraham  Frank' 
lin,  and  by  Capt.  Roberts,  Blake.  It 
lies  7  or  8  leagues  W.  by  N.  of  N(X)r 
heeva. 

Taumaco,  an  ifland  about  1256 
leagues  from  Mexico,  where  DeQjiiros 
ftaytd  ten  days.  One  of  the  native* 
named  above  60  ifland s  round  it.  Some 
of  the  names  follow,  virt.  Manicola, 
Chicayano,  larger  than  Taumaco,  and 
about  300  miles  from  it;  Guatopo, 
150  miles  from  Taumaco;  Tucopia,  at 
1 00,  where  the  countiy  of  ManicoU 
lay.  Till  natives  had,  in  gent-ral,  lank 
hair;  iome  were  white,  with  red  hair; 
lome  mulattoes,  with  curled  hair  ;  and 
(bine  woolly  like  negroes.  De  Quiros 
oblcrves  that  in  the  bay  of  Philip  and 
James,  were  many  black  ftones,  very 
heavy,  fome  of  which  he  carried  to 
Mexico,  and  upon  aflaying  them,  they 
found  filver. 

Tauntom,  a  river  which  empties 
into  NarraganCet  Bay,  at  Tiverton, 
oppofite  the  N.  end  of  Rhode-Ifland. 
h  is  lornied  by  fevtral  ftrcums  whiclr 
rife  in  Plymouth  county,  Maflachufetts. 
Its  courfe  is  about  50  miles  from  N>  E. 


f  |f  TEA 

tQ  8.  W.  and  it  ih  navigabU  for  fisali 
VfiffirU  to  Taunton. 

Taunton,  a  poft-town  of  Nfafla- 
«hurctt«»  and  the  capital  of  Biiftul  co. 
^tuated   on  ihe  W.  fule  of  Taunton 
viveri  and  contains   40  or  50  houfes, 
<onipaAiy  built,  a  church,  court>houfe, 
gaol,  and  an  academy,  '  hich  was  in- 
xoipoiated  in  1791.     It  u  36  miles  S. 
Vy  £.  of  fioftun,  11  E.  of  Proviilencc, 
at  northerly  of  Bedfc  ni,  and  ^i^^  N.  E. 
of    Philadttlphie.      Tlte    tuvsn/hip    of 
Taunton  was    taken   from   Raynliam, 
and  incorporated  in  i(>39«  and  contains 
3304  inhabitants.     A  flitting-mill  was 
'Creiied  here  in  1776,  and  for  aconfider- 
abl«  time  the  only  one  in  Maflachu- 
fetts,  and  was  then  the  heft  ever  built 
jn  America.    Tht;  annttal  prududion  of 
9  mills  now  in  this  townfhip  is  not  lei's 
;tian  kuo  tens  of  iron;  about  50  tons 
ve  cut,  and  300  liammcred  intu  nails, 
and    tlie    remainder  is  wrought    inio 
fpades  and  (hovels  j  of  wluch  laft  ar- 
ticle  aoo   dozen   arc   rolltxl  annually. 
"Ml.   Siimuel   Leonard   ruUed    tlte  firlt 
Aovel   ever   done   in  America.     This 
invention    reduces    the  price  one  half. 
Wire-diawing,   and   roiling  iheet-iron 
for  the  tin-manufaflure,  are  executed 
here.     There  is  alfo  a  nianufa£)oiy  uf 
a  ipecies  of  ochre,  found  here,  into  a 
pigment  of  dark  yellow  colour. 

TAunrpN  Bay,  in  the  Diftrift  of 
Maine,  is  fix  miles  from  Frenchman's 

Tavernicr  Kty,  a  fmall  Ide,  one  of 
the  Tortugas,  1  miles  from  the  S.  W. 
«nd  of  Key  -Laigo,  and  5  M.  E.  of  Old 
Matacombe.  To  the  northward  of 
this  laft  iHand  is  a  very  good  road. 

Tawandee  Creeit  in  Northumber- 
land CO.  Pennfylvania,  nms  N.  £.  into 
the  £.  branch  of  Sufquehannah,  iz 
miles  S.  £.  of  Tioga  Point. 

Tawas,  an  Indian  tribe  in  the  N. W. 
Territory,  18  miles  up  the  Miami  of 
the  Lake.  Another  tribe  of  this  name, 
inhabit  higher  up  the  fame  river,  at  a 
place  called  the  Rapids. 

Tawixtwj,  The  EngliJhtOvPicque. 
Ttnvn,  in  the  N .  W.  Territory,  is  iitu- 
attd  on  the  N  W.  bank  of  the  Great 
Miami,  35  miles  below  the  5  mile  port- 
age, to  the  Miami  of  the  Lake,  and  68 
S  VV.^by  S.  of  Miami  Fort,  It  was 
faken  in  175*  by  the  French.  N.  lat. 
^0.41.  W.  long.  84.48. 

TjiACUiiS,  a  fmall  illaud  dofe  to  the 


T  E  M 

E.  fliore  of  Northampton  co.  Virginia, 
and  N.  by  E.  of  Parmmore  Uland. 

TECOANTEfBC.or  TteuMtt*p*qut,at 
TtgiittuteptqHft  a  large  bav  on  the  W. 
coaft  of  New- Mexico,  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  the  Itlhmus  from  the  Bay  or  Oulf  of 
Campcachy,  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico}  and  bounded  W.  by 
Point  Angelos.  The  port  town  of  its 
namr,  lies  in  lat.  15.  a8.  N.  and  long. 
90/  15.  W. 

Tehuacan,  a  city  of  New  Sp^m, 
lao  miles  S.  E.  of  Mexico. 

TtKY  Sounit  on  the  coaft  of  Georgia, 
to  the  Ibuth  of  Savannah  river,  is  a  ca< 
pacious  road,  where  a  large  fleet  may 
;\nchor  in  from  10  to  14  fathoms  water, 
and  be  land-locked,  and  have  a  fafe  en- 
trance over  the  bar  of  the  river,  Tha 
flood  tide  is  generally  7  leet. 

Tkuca,  a  burning  mountain  on  the 
W.  coait  of  New  Mexico,  feen  at  N. 
N.  E.  over  the  ridge  of  Tofta.  It  ia 
<mc  of  the  range  of  volcanoes  which  are 
leeri  .liong  the  coaft  from  Fort  St.  John'a 
tu  Tecaantepeck,  and  is  18  miles  fjtcnt 
Volcano  del  Vejo,  or  Old  Man's  Burn* 
ing  Mountain}  and  there  are  two  others 
between  them,  but  not  lb  eafily  dii'cem- 
cd,  as  they  do  not  often  emit  fmoke. 

Tellico  BItck-Houfe,  in  Tenneflle, 
(lands  on  the  north  bank  of  TemufTe* 
river,  immediately  oppofite  the  remains 
of  Fort  Loudon}   and  i«  comjHited  to 
Ke  900  miles,  accouling  to  the  courfe  of 
the  river,  from  its  mouth,  and  31  miles 
fouth  of  Knoxville  in  Tenneflee.     It 
was  eie^Hed  in  1794,  and  has  proved  a 
very  advantageous  military  poft. .  It  has 
latdy  been  eftablllhed,  by  the  United 
States,  as  a  trading  poit  with  the  Indians. 
Telliguo,  Greats  in  the  State  of 
TennelTee,  was  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  the'iJhota  bianch  of  Tenneflee  .river, 
about  25  miles  N.  £.  of  the  mouth   of 
Holfton  river,  and  5  fouth  of  the  line 
which  marked  Lord  Granrille's  limits 
ol  Carolina.  This  was  a  Briti^  fa£lory, 
tltablilhed  after  the  treaty  of  Wcftmin- 
fter,  in  1729. 
Telliguo  Mountains t  lie  fouth  of 
'  the  above  place,  and  ft-em  to  be  a  part  of 
what  are    now  called   the  Great  Iroa 
Mountains,  in  the  lateft  maps. 

Tempie,  a  place  in  New  Grilicia,  200 
leagues  N.  W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Temple,  atown(hipof  NewHamp- 
(hire,  Hilllborougli  co.  north  of  New 
Ipfwicb,  aud  7«  miles  weftcrly  of  Portf- 

inouth< 


TEN 
MOuth.    It  was  incor|>orattd  in  tjStt 
•ml  contain*  jao  iohabitantt. 

Tbmplk  fay,  on  the  Labrador  coaft, 
onpofite  Belle  Illc.  A  Britidi  TcttUment 
of  thii  lumc  was  deftroycd  by  the 
French,  in  Oftober,  1796. 

Tkmplston,  a  townAiip  in  the  N. 
W.  part  of  Worceftcr  co.  Maflachufetts, 
containing  950  inhabitants.  It  was 
grantc-d  as  a  bounty  to  the  foldiers  in 
king  Philip'H  war,  and  was  culled  Nar- 
raganfet  No.  6,  until  its  incorporation 
in  1761.  It  is  6j  milesW.by  N.\y«of 
Bofton,  and  x8  N.  by  W.  ot  Wi  rceftcr. 

Tench's  IJlandt  in  the  South PaciHc 
Ocean,  was  dii'covered  in  1790,  by 
Lieut.  Ball,  and  liesinlat.  i.  39.  S  and 
iong.  151.  31.  W,  It  is  low,  am.  only 
«bout  a  miles  in  circuit,  but  is  entirely 
covered  witii  trees,  including  many  of 
the  cocoa-nut  kii'il.  It  abounds  with 
inhabitants,  and  the  men  appear  to  be 
remarkably  flout  and  healthy. 

7e  NE  RIFF  E,  a  town  of  Santa  Martha 
and  Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America,  fiiuat- 
ed  on  the  ealtcrn  bank  of  the  great  riv> 
er  Santa  Martha,  below  its  confluence 
v/ith  Madalena,  about  135  mile;  horn 
the  city  of  Santa  Martha,  towards  the 
Ibuth  the  road  from  which  capital  to 
Teneriife  is  very  difBcult  by  land,  but 
one  may  go  very  eafily  and  agreeably 
from  one  to  the  other  partly  by  lea,  and 
{)artly  by  the  above  mentioned  river. 

Ten  N ant's  Harbour,  on  the  coaft  of 
.the  Diltridl  of  Maine,  lies  about  three 
leagues  from  George's  lilands. 

Tennessee,  a  large,  beautiful,  and 
navigable  river  of  the  State  of  Tenneffee, 
called  by  the  French  Cherokee,  and  ab- 
furdly  by  others  Hogohegee  river,  is  the 
largeft  branch  of  the  Ohio.  It  rills  in 
the  mountains  of  S.  Carolina,  in  about 
lat.  37.  and  purfues  a  courfe  of  about 
1000  miles,  fouthand  fouth  weft  nearly 
to  lat.  34.  receiving  from  both  fides  a 
number  of  large  tributary  (ireams.  It 
then  wheels  about  to  the  north  in  a  cir- 
cuitous courfe,  and  mingles  with  the 
Ohio,  nearly  60  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  navigable  for  vefleU  of  great  bur- 
den to  the  Mufele  Shoals,  150  miles  from 
its  mouth.  It  is  there  about  three  miles 
bfoad,  full  of  fmall  ifles,  and  only  pafl'- 
able  in  fmall  boats  or  batteaux.  !■  rom 
thefe  flioals  to  the  ff^hirl,  or  Suck,  the 
place  where  the  river  is  con  traced  to 
the  breadth  of  70  yards,  and  breaks 
through  the  Great  Kidge,  or  Cvmber- 


TEN  f|9 

land  Mountain,  is  «so  mUet»  and  dM 
navigation  for  large  boats  all  the  war 
excellent.  The  higheft  point  of  navi- 
Ration  upon  this  river  is  Tellico-Block- 
HouCe,  900  miles  from  its  mouth  accord- 
ing  to  its  meanders.  It  receives  Holftoa 
river  aa  miles  below  Knoxville,  and 
then  running  W.  1  $  miles  receives  the 
Clinch.  The  other  waters  which  empty 
into  Tenneflee,  are  Duck  and  Elk  riv- 
ers, and  Crow  Creek ,  on  the  one  fide  $ 
and  the  Occachappo,  Chickainauga  and 
Hiwaflfee  rivers  on  the  fouth  and  Ibuth- 
eaftcrn  fides.  In  the  TcnnelTee  and  its 
iip))tr  branches  are  great  numbers  of 
liih,  fome  of  which  are  very  lar^e  and 
of  an  excellent  flavour.  The  river  to 
which  the  name  Tenneflee  was  formerly 
confined,  is  that  part  of  it  which  runt 
northerly,  and  receives  Holflon  river  10 
miles  below  Knoxvillc.  The  Coyeta, 
Chota,  and  Cliilawee  Indian  towns  are 
•OD  the  wett  fide  of  the  river  j  and  the 
Talafle  town  on  the  cali  fide. 

TENNESSEE,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  and,  until  1796, 
called  the  Tennrjfee  Government,  ov 
Terrhoiy  of  the  United  States  South  of 
the  Ohio.  It  is  in  length  400  miles, 
and  in  breadth  104;  bttwet-n  lat.  35. 
and  36.  30.  N.  and  lung;.  81.  a8.  and  91. 
38.  W.  It  i«  bounded  N.  by  Kentucky 
and  part  of  Virginia}  E.  by  North- 
Carolina;  S.  by  Georgia;  W.  by  the 
MiflTifippi.  It  is  divided  into  3  diflri£ls, 
viz.  Wafliington,  Hamilton,  and  Mero, 
which  are  fuhdivided  into  13  counties, 
viz.  Wafliington,  Sullivan,  Greene, 
Carter,  Hawkins,  Knox,  Jeiferlbn, 
Sevier,  Blount,  Grainger,  Davidfon, 
Sumner,  Robert  Ton,  and  Montgome- 
ry. The  firft  four  belong  to  Wafli- 
ington diflri^li'  the  next  Ave  to  that 
of  Hamilton,  and  tlie  fvur  latttr  to  Me- 
ro  di(tri6l.  The  two  former  diflriAs 
are  divided  from  the  lattei ,  by  an  unin- 
habited country  of  91  miles  in  extent, 
that  is,  from  the  block-hotifes,  at  the 
point  formed  by  the  jun6lion  of  the 
rivtr  Clinch  with  the  Tenntflee,  called 
South- Weft  Point,  to  Fort  Blount  upon 
Cumberland  river,  through  which  there 
is  a  waggon  road,  opened  in  the  fum- 
mer  of  1795.  There  are  few  countrits 
ib  well  watered  with  riyers  and  creeks. 
The  principal  rivers  arc  the  MiflSfippi, 
Tenntflee,  Cumberland,  Holfton,  and 
Clinch.  The  tra6l  called  the  Broken 
Ground,   fends   immediately  into  the 

MiflTifippi, 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  I4S80 

(716)  872-4S03 


4r 


|«9  TEN 

IttlffifippI,  the  Wolf,  Hatch«e,  forked. 
Oeer*  Obiin  or  Obean,  tunA  Rwlr^^ ) 
wliieh  are  from  30  to  So  yimls  wide 
tt  their  moathi ;   moll  of  t?«  riven 
tare  exceedingly  rich  low  greundst  at 
the  extremity  pf  which   is  a  fecond 
banki  as  on  moft  of  the  lands  of  the 
Miilifippi.    Befides  thefe  rivers,  there 
aire  feveral  fmaller  ones,  and  inmimera- 
ble .  creeks,  fome  of  which  are  naviga* 
We.    In  fliort,  there  is  hardly  a  fpot  in 
this  tountryi  which  is  upwards  of  ao 
miles  diftant  from  a  navigable  (ficam. 
The  chief  raoahtams  are  Stone,  Yellow, 
froif,  Bald,  and  Unaka,  adjoining  to 
one  another,  from  the  eaftem  boundary 
of  the  State,  and  fejparate  it  from  N. 
Carolina )  their  direction  is  nearly  from 
V,  E.  to  8.  W.    The  other  mountains 
«K  Clinch  and  Cnmberland.    It  would 
feqnire  a  vdume  to  defcribe  the  moun- 
tains of  this  State,  above  half  of  which 
is  covered  with  thofe  that  are  uninha* 
hitable.     Some  of  thefe  mountains,  par- 
ticularly the  Cumberland,   or  Great- 
Lanrel  Ridge,  are'  the  moft  ftupendous 
)  piles   in  the    United    States.      They 
abound  with  ginfeng  and  coal.    The 
caverns  and  caicades  in  thefe  moantains 
are  innumerable.  The  Enchanted Moun- 
taioi  about  two  miles  fouth  of  Brafs 
Town,  is  famed  for  the  curioiities  on  its 
rocks. '  There  are  on  feveral  rocks  a 
number  of  impreflions  refembling  the 
tracks  of  turkies,  bears,   herfes,  and 
human  beings,  ae  vifible  and  perfeSt  as 
they  could  be  made  on  fnow  or  fand. 
The  latter  were  iemarkal)le  for  having 
uniformly  iix  toes  each ;  one  only  ex- 
cepted, which  8'>jeared  to  be  the  print 
of  a   negro's  foot.     By  this  we  muft 
fuppofe  the  originals  to  have  been  the 
progeny  of  Titan  or  Anak.     One  of 
thcie  tracks  wa  1  veiy  large,  the  length 
of  the  foot  i4  mches,  the  diftanre  of 
the  extremes  of  the  outer  toes  1 3  inches, 
theprov^nate  breadth  behind  the  toes  7 
inches,  thc'diimeterof  the  heel-hall  5. 
One  of  the  horfe  tracks  was  likewife  of 
an  uncommon  iize,    the  tranfverfe  and 
conjugate  diameters,  were  *  by  io  inch- 
es ;  perhaps  the  horfe  which  the  Great 
Warrior  ro<ie.    What  appears  the  moft 
in  favour  of  their  being  the  real  trnck  s  t/f 
the  animals  they  reprefent,  is  the  cir- 
cum(^ance  of  a  horle's  toot  having'  ap- 
partntly. flipped  feveral  inches,  and  re- 
covered again,  and  the  figures  having 
ail  the  fame  diieftion,  like  the  trail  of  a 


TEN 

company  en  a  jonnwy.  If  it  bea  liijks 
nalur^e,  the  old  dame  never  ftiottcd 
more  f-rioofly;  If  the  operatkn  of 
chance,  perhaps  there  was  never  nnore 
apparent  dcfign.  If  it  were  done  by 
art,  it  might  be  to  perpetuate  the  re* 
membrance  of  ibme  remarkable  event 
of  war,  or  engagement' fought  <m  the 
ground.  The  vaft  heaps  of  ftones  near 
the  place,  faid  to  be  tombs  of  warriors 
(lain  in  battle,  feem  to  favour  the  fop- 

gifition.    The  texture  of  the  jock*  is 
ft.    The  part  on  which  the  fon  had 
the  greateft  influence,  and  which  was 
the  moft  indurated,  could  eaftlybecut 
wdth  a  knife,  and  appe?red  to  be  of  the 
nature  of  the  pipe  ftone.    Some  of  the 
Cherokees  entertain  an  (pinion  that  it 
always  rains  when  any  |)erfon  vifits  tlie 
place,  as  if  fympathetic  nature  wept  at 
the  recollc£lion  of  the  dreadful  cataf. 
trophe  which  thole  fig  ^-es  were  intend., 
ed  to  commemorate.      The   principal 
towns  are  Knoxville,  the  feat  of  go- 
vernment, Nafliville,  and  Joneft)orough, 
l)e(i(les  8  other  towns,  which  ate  as  ye^ 
of    little  importance.      In   1791,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  eliimated  at 
35,69s.  In  November,  1795,  the  num- 
ber  hsd  increafed  to  77,i6x  perfons. 
The  foil  is  luxm'iant,  and  will  afford 
every  produfticn,  the  growth  of  any  of 
the  United  States.    The  ufual  crop  of 
cotton  is  Soolbs.  to  the  acre,  of  a  long 
and  fine  ftaple ;  and  of  corn,  from  69 
to  80  bufliels.     It  is  afilrted,  howevr^ 
that  the  lands  on  the  i'mall  rivtirs,  that 
empty  into  the  Miftiiippl,  have  a  decid- 
ed preference  to  thoie  on  Cumberland 
river,  for  the  produflion  of  carton.  rir«. 
and    indigo.      Of  rrees,    the    generaj 
growth  is  poplar,  hickory,  black  and 
white  walnut,  all  kinds  of  oaks,  buck- 
eye, beech,  fycamore,  black  and  honey 
locuft,  afti,  horn-beam,  elm«  mulbeny, 
cherry,   dogwood,    laA'afras,   poppaw, 
cucumber  tree,    and    the  I'ugar   tree. 
The  undergrowth,    efpecially  on  low 
lands,  is  cane.}  fome  of  whidi  are  up- 
wards of  so  feet  high,  and  io  thick  as^ 
to  prevent  any  other  plant  from  grow, 
ing.    Of  herbs,  roots,  and  iluubs,  there 
are  Virginia  and  Seneca  fnakeroot,  gin* 
feug,  angelicat  fpice-wood.  wild  plum, 
crab-apple,  fwcet  annife,  red-bud,  gin- 
ger,   Ipikenard,    wild  hop  and  grape 
vines.     The  glades  are  covered  with 
wild  rye,   wild  oats,    clover,   buffaloe 
^ral's,  ftrawbeiTies  and  pea-vinei!»    On 

tlue 


in 


TEN 

tfitf  hH1««  at  the  h^  of  rhrert,  Mid 
in  fomc  high  cliffs  of  Cumbciiand,  are 
^nd  majeftic  red  ■  cedart  |  many*  of 
thefe  are  four  fieet  in  diameter,  atid  40 
feet  clear  of  liaabe .  The  animal*  are 
iiich  aa  »«  fiwnd  in  the  neiEhbourtag 
State*.  The  rivera  ai%  well  ftockcd 
with  all  kinds  of  frefli  water  fifli } 
among  which  arc  trout  perch,  cat-fiih, 
buffiiloe*  fifli,  red.borfe,  eel»«  Sec.  Some 
cat.fifli  have  been  caught  which  weigh- 
ed upwards  of  100  poundst  the  weft- 
cm  waters  being  more  clear  and  pure 
than  the  eaftcm  rivers,  the  fiih  are  in 
the  fame  degi-ee  more  firm  and  favory 
to  the  tatte.  The  climate  is  temperate 
and  healthful ;  the  fummers  are  very 
cool  and  pleafant  in  that  part  which  is 
contiguous  to  the  mountains  that  divide 

~  this  State  from  N.  Carolina :  but  on  the 
wellem  fide  of  the  Cumberland  Moun- 
tains the  heat  is  more  intenfe,  which 
renders  that  part  better  calculated  for 
the  produfiioir  of  tobacco,  cotton  and 
indigo.  Lime-ftone  it  common  on 
both  fides  <^f  Cumberland  Mountain. 
There  are  no  ftagnant  waters}  and 
this  is  certainly  one  of  the  reafons  why 
the  uiiiabitants  are  not  affli£led  with 
tho(ii  bilious  and  intermitting  fevers, 
which  are  fo  frequent  and  otten  fatal, 
near  the  fame  latitude  on  the  coaft  of 
the  ibutbem  States.  Whatever  may 
be  the  caufes,  thcinhabitants  have  been 
remarkably  healthy  iince  they  fettled 
on  the  water*  of  Cumberland  river. 
The  country  abounds  with  mineral 
ipringft.  Salt  licks  are  found  in  many 
parts  of  the  country.  [See  Campbtlft 
Salines.']  Iron  ore  abounds  in  the  dif- 
triAs  of  Wafhingtou  and  Hamilton,  and 
line  ftreams  to  put  iron-works  in  ope- 
ration. Iron  ore  was  lately  ilifcovered 
vpon  the  fouth  of  Cumberland  river, 
about  ?o  miles  below  Nafhville,  and  a 
furnace  is  now  erecting.  Several  lead 
mines  have  been  difcovered,  and  one 
en  French  Broad  has  been  worked  j  the 
ore  produced  75  per  cent  in  pure  lead. 

.  The  Indians  fay  that  there  are  rich  fd- 
ver  mines  in  Cumberland  Mountain,  but 
cannot  be  tempted  to  difcover  any  of 
them  to  the-white  people.  It  is  faid 
that  gold  has  been  found  here ;  but  the 
mine  from  which  thit  metal  was  ex> 
trailed  is  now  unknown  to  the  white 
people.  Ores  and  fprings  ftrongly 
iniprt'gnated  with  fnlphur  are  found 
in   various    parts.     Saltpetre    caves 


TEN 


m 


-are  numerous  t  and  in  flie  courfe  of 
the  year  1790,  fcveral  tons  of  fait- 
nctre  wen  fent  to  the  Atlantic  markets. 
This  country  fumiflws  all  the  valuahla 
articles  of  the  foutheri)^  States.  Fine 
w^ggwiTi  and  Ouldle  horiea,  beef  ca^» 
ginfeng»  deer-ikins  and  fun,  cotton* 
hemp,  Kid  flay,  may  be  traafported  by 
land  f  aUb  iroMy  lumber,  pork  and  flour 
may  bcexportrd  in  great  quantities,  mm 
that  the  navigation  of  the  MiflSfippI  ia 
opened  to  the  citissn*  of  the  United 
States.  But  few  of  the  inhabitants  <niif 
derftand  commerce,,  or  are  pof&flixi  of 
proper  capitals  ( ■  of  courfe  it  is  as  yet 
but  badly  manaeed.  However*  being 
now  an  independent  State,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  tne  eyes  of  the  people  wilt 
foon  be  opened  to  their  true  mtereft, 
and  agriculture,  commerce  and  mauu- 
faSurcs  will  each  receive  pr^p  attain 
tion.  The  Prefb^terians  are  the  pre- 
vailing denomination  of  Chriftians)  ia 
1788,  they  had  ^3  large  congxegat!oos» 
who  were  then  fuppUed  by  <M>ly  6  tai- 
nifters.  There  are  alio  fome  Baptifts  aud 
Methodifts.  The  inhalntants  have  pail 
great  attention  to  tlie  intercfts  of  £c»> 
ence  1  befides  private  fchools,  there  ara 
3  colleges  eftabliflicd  by  law}  Green- 
ville in  Green's  co.  Blount  ^  Knoxvillcy 
and  WaOiington  in  the  county  of  that 
name.  Here  is  likewife  a  '*  Society  for 
promoting  Ufeful  Knowledge."  A  taftc 
for  literature  is  daily  incieafing.  The 
inhabitants  chieflyemigrated  from  Penn- 
fylvania,.  and  that  part  of  Virginia  that 
lies  weft  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  ancef- 
tors  of  thefe  people  wcie  generally  of 
the  Scotch  nation)  (bme  of  whom  emi* 
grated  6i'lt  to  Ireland,  and  from  thence 
to  America.  A  few  Germans  and  Eng- 
lish are  intermixed.  In  1788,  it  was 
thought  here  were  ao  white  perfon*  to 
one  negro ;  and  the  difproportion  is 
thought  tp  be  far  greater  now.  This 
country  was  included  in  the  ad  charter 
of  king  Charles  II.  to  the  prQprtetors  of 
Carolina.  In  a  fubfcquent  divifion,  it 
made  a  part  of  N.  Carolina.  It  waseit- 
plored  about  the  year  1745,  and  fettled 
by  about  50  families  in  1 7  S4  *  who  were 
foon  after  driven  off  or  deftroyed  by  the 
Indians.  Its  fettlcmcnt  re- commenced 
in  1765-  The  firft  permanent  Ipttlement 
took  place  near  Lung-Kland  of  Holllon, 
and  upon  Wataugi,  about  1774.}  ard 
the  §ift  appearance  oi  any  ptrfons  from 
it,  Lu  the  public  couticilti  of  N.  Carolina, 

WiU 


$4»  tMt$ 

Wu  in  the  id^fention  df  that  State  lA 
177^.  In  the  year  17804  a  party  of  about 
#0  familie*,  tinder  tlie  gtiidance  and 
direAien  of  James  Robertfon,  (fince 
Mrit.  Gen.  Robertibn  of  Mera  diftriA) 
pafled  through  a  wiMerneni  of  at  leaft 
300  miles  to  the  French  Lick,  md  thette 
founded  Nafliville.  Theirneareft  neighs 
boars  were  the  fettlers  of  the  infiint  State 
of  Kentucky,  between  whom  and  them, 
Mras  a  wildernefs  of  «oo  miles.  From 
the  year  1784,  to  1788,  the  goremnient 
cf  N.  Carolina  over  this  country  was  in> 
l^rrupted  by  the  aflumed  State  of  Frank- 
land }  but  ill  the  year  1789,  the  people 
icturned  to  their  allegiance.  In  1789, 
N.  Carolina  ceded  this  territory  to  the 
United  States,  on  certain  conditions, 
•nd  Congrefs  provided  for  its  govern- 
ment. A  convention  was  held  at  Knox- 
viUe,  in  1796,  and'on  the  6th  of  Feb. 
the  comftitation  of  the  State  of  Tennef- 
fee  was  ligned  by  every  member  of  it. 
Its  principles  promife  toenfurethehap- 

E'nefs  and  proiperity  of  t he <people.  The 
iltfwing  are  the  diftances  on  the  new 
road  ftvm  Nafhville  in  Davidfon  co.  t» 
Fort  Campbell,  near  the  jun6tion  of  Hol- 
Iton  with  the  Tenmflee.  Miles. 

From  Nafliville  to  Stoney  -river 

Big  Spring 

Cedar  Lick 

Little  Spring   .     - 

Barton's  Creek 

Spring  Creek         > 

Martin's  Spring 

Blair's  Spriiig 

Buck  Spring 

Fountaines  - 

Smith's  Creek 

Coney  River 

Mine  Lick       .    - 

Falling  Creek 

War  Path 

Bear  Creek 

Camp  Creek 

King's  Spring 

Grorel's  Creek 

The  foot  of  Cumb.Mount. 

Through  the  mountain 
to  Emmery's  river,  a 
branch  of  the  Pelelbn 

To  the  Pappa  Foi-d  of  the 
Felcfon  or  Clinch  river 

To  Campbell's  Station 
near  Holftein 

To  the  Great  Iflnnd 

To  Abingdon  in\Va(h.co. 

To  RicliinoHd  in  Virginia 

Total 


9 
6 

4 
6 

4- 
S 
5 

5 

I* 

8 
6 

II 
9 
9 
7 

18 
8 

16 

7 

2 


II 


1% 


10 

100 


Tif  tifif  liew  road,  a  pleiAnit  pit^^ 
may  be  had  to  the  weAem  country  with 
carfiages,  as  there  wiH  be  only  the 
Cumberland  mountain  to  pafs,  and  tliac 
is  eafy  of  afcent  j  and  beyond  it,  th« 
road  is  geneirally  levetand  firm,  abound, 
ing  with  fine  iprings  of  water.  The 
Indian  tribes  within  and  in  the  Viciaitr 
of  this  State  are  the  Cherokees  and 
Chickafaws. 

Ten  SAW,  a  fettlement  near  Mobile 
Bay,  inhabited  by  90  American  families^ 
that  have  been  Spanifli  fubjeAs  fince 
1783. 

TiowBMiaTA  Cretk,  runs  fontherly 
about  a8  miles,  then  wefterly  6  miles, 
and  empties  into  Alleghany  river  about 
18  mil«8  from  its  mouth,  and  nearly  5 
below  the  Hickory  town. 

Tbpeasa,  a  town  of  Mexico.  See 
Angehs. 

Tequajo,  or  Tttjuasj  a  province  of 
Mexico,  according  to  fome  SpaniAi 
travellers,  being  about  lat.  37.  where 
they  found  16  villages. 

Tequepa,  a  part  of  the  coaft  of 
New.Mexico,  about  18  leagues  N.  Vf\ 
of  Acapulco. 

TEq^ERY  Bay,  on  the  fbuth-eaft 
part  of  the  coatt  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
between  Cape  Cruiz,  and  Cape  Maizi, 
at  the  eaft  end.  It  affords  good  anchor- 
age and  Ihelter  for  ftiips,  but  is  not 
much  frequented. 

TzKm\iK,LagimayOtLakeof7idest 
lies  at  the  bottom  of  the  Gulf  of  Cam- 
peachy,  in  the  fouth-weft  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  within  Triefte 
and  Beef  Ifland,  and  Port  Royal  Ifland, 
The  tide  runs  very  hard  in,  at  moft  of 
(lie  channels  between  the  iiland}  hence 
the  name. 

Terra  Blanca,  a  town  of  Mexico. 
See  Angelas. 

Terra  de  Latratim,  that  is,  the 
Ploughman  or  Labourer's  Land,  the 
name  given  by  the  Spaniards  to  Labra- 
dor  or  New-Britain,  inhabited  by  the 
Efquimaux. 

Terra  del  Fuego  Ifland,^  ttti  Land  of 
Fire,  at  the  fouth  extamity  of  S.  Ame- 
rica, is  feparated  from  the  main  on  the 
N.  by  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  and  con- 
tains about  4a,oop  fqiiare  miles.  Thia 
is  the  largeft  of  the  iilands  foutli  of  the 
Stiaits,  and  they  receive  this  name  on 
account  of  the  vatt  fires  and  fmoke 
which  the  firft  dilcoveries  of  them  per- 
ceived. The  ifland  of  S^aten  Land  liea 
I  01;  the  ealh     They  are  all  barren  and 

mountainous } 


TBH 

vwuntainoas  t  but  there  have  been  fotind 
ftveral  (brts  of  trees  and  planti,  and  a 
variety  of  birdi  on  the  lower  grminda 
and  iflmde  that  are  flieltered  by  the 
hills.    Here  wtt  found  Winter*s  bark, 
and  a  fpeeies  of  arbutus  which  has  a 
very  well  tafted  red  fruit  of  the  fize  of 
{null  cherries.  Plenty  of  cellery  is  found 
in  fome  places)  and  the  rocks  are  cover- 
ed whhvery  line  mufcles.   A  fpecies  of 
duck  as  large  as  a  goofe,  and  called  the 
loggerhead  duck  at  the  Falkland  IHands, 
is  here  met  with,  which  beats  the  water 
with  its  wings  and  feet,  and  runs  along 
the  Tea  with    inconccivahie    vdociry ; 
and  th'^re  are  alfo  geefe  and  /a) cons. 

Tbrra  FiRMA,  or  CafiUe  del  Ore,. 
the  moft  northern  province  of  S.  Ame- 
rica^  1,400  miles  in  length,  and  700  in 
breadth}  iituated  between  the  equator 
and  la  N.  lar.  and  between  60  an^  Sa 
W.  long,  bounded  N.  by  the  N.  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  here  called  the  North  Sea,  E. 
by  the  fame  ocean  and  Surinam,  S.  by 
Aniaaonia  and  Pern,  and  W.  by  the  H. 


Pacific  Ocean.   It  is  called  Terra  Firma 
from  being  the  firtt  part  of  the  continent 
diicovered  bv  the  Spaniards,  and  is  di- 
vided into  Terra  Firma  Proper,  or  I^ 
rien,  Carthi^^iena,  St.  Martha,  Venezu- 
ela, Comana,  Paris,  New  Granada,  and 
Popayan.    The  chief  towns  are  Porto 
Bello,  Panama,  Carthagena,  and  Popay- 
an.    The  principal  bays  of  this  pro- 
vince in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  are  thole  of 
Panama  and  St.  Michael,  in  the  North 
Sea,PortoBello,Sino,Guiara,&c.  The 
chief  rivers  are  the  Darien,  Chagre,  San- 
ta, Maria,  Conception,  and  Oronoko. 
The  climate   here,   efpecially  in    the 
northern  parts,  is  extremely  hot  and 
fnltry  daring  the  whole  year.    From  the 
month  of  May,  to  the  end  of  Nov.  the 
ieafon  called  winter  by  the  inhabitants, 
is  almofl  a  continual  liiccefllon  of  thun- 
der, rain  and  tempefts,  the  clouds  pre- 
cipitating the  rain  with  Aich  impetuofi- 
ty,  that  the  low  lands  exhibit  the  ap- 
pearance of  an  ocean.    Great  part  of 
the  country  is  confequently  flooded  ; 
and  this,  together  withthe  exceflive  heat, 
fo  impregnates  the  earth  with  vapours, 
that  m  many   provinces,  particularly 
aboyt  Popayan  and  Porto  Bello,  the  air 
is  extremely  unwholefome.    The  ibil  of 
this  cottntiy  is  very  diflPerent,  the  inland 
parts  being  very  rich  and  fertile,  and 
the  coafts  I'andy  and  barren*    It  is  im- 
poifible  to  view  without  admiration,  the 


T  £  It  ^ 

popctual  verdure  f  tiM  %Mill»  tli» 
luxuriancyof  the  plains,  and  thetowtr- 
ing  height  of  the  m«mitfiinl«  fTMHf 
country  produces  com,  fugar»  t«IMito^ 
Sec.  and  fruits  of  all  kinds.>  This  part  , 
of  S.  AmericuwasdifcoveredbyCotoM* 
bus  in  his  third  voyage  to  America*  It 
was  fttbdued  and  fettled  by  the  S|«M* 
ard  s  about  the  year  1514.,  after  deftr^- 
ing,  with  gireat  inhumanity,  Iberal  Uth" 
lions  of  the  natives. 

Terra  Firma  PrefeTf  ot  ZWw»,ar 
fubdivifion  of  Terra  Firma.  Chief  townt^ 
Porto  Bello,  and  Panama.   See  Darien^ 

TzKiLK  Mageliamca.  9tt  PautgOMim. 

Terra  NU^a.ntax  Hudfon's  Straits^ 
is  in  lat.  61.  4.  N.  and  long.  67^  W» 
high  water,  at  full  and  change,  a  little 
before  10  o'clock. 

TERRITORY  UwthWtfi  rf  tbit 
Ohroyot  Ntrtb-Wefttm  Tirtinry,  ahtt«g« 
part  of  the  United  States,  is  fitnated-be. 
tween  37  and  50  N.  lat.  and  betweeift 
8 J.  8.  and  98.  8.  W.  long.  Itsgreateft 
I  length  is  about  900  miles ^and  its  breadth 


700.    This  extenfive  tra&  of  country  i» 
bounded  north  by  part  of  the  northern 
boundary  line  of  the  United  States  |  eafl 
by  the  lakes  and  Pennfylvania }  fonth  l>y 
the  Ohio  river;  weft  b>  the  MilTifippi. 
Mr.  Hutcbins,  the  late  geographer  of 
the  United  States,  eftimates  that  thia 
traSi  contains  263,0^0,000  acr^,  of 
which  431,040,000  are  water }  this  de- 
du£ied,  there  will  remain  «ae,ooo>oo» 
of  acres,  belonging  to  the  Federal  Go- 
vernment, to  be  fold  for  the  difcharge  of 
the  national  debt ;  except  a  narrow  ftrfp 
of  land  bordering  on  the  fouth  ^  Lskt 
Erie,  and  ftretching  120  mile4  weft  of 
the  weftemlimitof  Pennfylvania,  which 
belongs  to  Connecticut.     But  a  Imalt 
portion  of  thefe  lands  is  yet  purchafed 
of  the  natives,  and  to  be  difpofed  of  by 
Congrefs.    Beginning  on  the  meridian 
line,  which  forms  the  weftern  houndary 
of  Pennfylvania,  feven  ranges  of  town- 
(hips  have  been  fnrveyed  and  laid  off  by 
order  of  Congrels.     As  a  north  and 
fouth  line  ftrikes  the  Ohio  in  an  oblique 
dire6lion,  the  termination  of  the  7th 
range  falls  upon  that  river,  9  miles  above 
the  Muflcingum,  which  is  the  firft  large 
river  that  falls  into  the  Ohio.     It  forms 
this  junction  17a  miles  below  Fort  Pitt, 
including  the  windings  of  the  Ohio, 
though,  m  a  direft  line,  it  is  but  90 
miles.    That  part  of  this  territory  in 
which  the  Indian  title  is  octinguiflied, 

and 


1 


5H 


TER 


and  wMck  It  f«ttIiiH|  under  the  govern- 
OMntof  th«  United  Statett  it  divided 
into  five  counties  as  followt  t 

Cmmtits,  Wbtutrtetd, 

Wafliington,  S7S8  July   a6th« 

IfamiltOD,  1790  Jan.       sd. 

St.  Clair»  1790  April  <7th. 

Knox,  1793  June  soth. 

Wayne*  1796. 

Time  counties   have  been  organised 
with  the  proper  civil  and  military  oflS- 
cers.    The  county  of  St.  Clair  ii  divid- 
ed into  three  diftriAs,  viz.  thediftriA  of 
Cahokia>  the  diAriA  of  Prairie-du-ro- 
Chen,  and  the  diftrift  of  Kaikaflcias. 
Courts  of  general  quarter  fefiiona  of  the 
peace,  country  courts  of  common  pleas, 
and  courts  of  pi-obate,  to  be  held  in 
CAchof  thefe  diftriAs,  as  if  each  was  a 
sUftmft  county  I    tne  officers   of  the 
county  to  aft  by  deputy,  except  in  the 
diftria  where  they  refide.    The  princi- 
pal rivers  in  this  territory  are  Muflcin- 
Emtt  Hockhocking,  Sciota,  Great  and 
Ittle  Miami,  Blue  and  Wabalh,  which 
empty  into  the  Ohio)  Au  Vafe,  Illi- 
aois,   Ouifconfing,    and    Chippeway, 
which   pay  tribute  ,to  the  Miilinppi, 
befides  a  number  of  fmalier  ones.     St. 
I«wis,  Kennomic,  St.  Jofcph's,  Bar- 
hue,  Grand,  Miami  of  the  Lakes,  San- 
duflcy,  Cayahoga,    and  many  others 
which  pafs  to  the  lakes.     Betvirecn  the 
Kaikadcias  and  Illinois  rivers,  which 
are  84  miles  apart,  is  an  extenfive  traA 
of  level,  rich  land,  which  terminates 
in  a  high  ridge,  about  1 5  miles  before 
you  reach  the  Illinois  river.    In  thii 
delightful  vale,  are  a  mimlier  of  French 
vilhges,  which,  toother  with  thofi:  of 
St.  Genevieve,  and  St.  Louis,  on  the 
weftem  fideof  th«  MiffiAppi,  contained, 
in  1771,    IS73   fencible  men.      The 
number  of  fouls  in  this  large  trafl  of 
country,  has  not  been  aicertained.  From 
the  beft  data  the  author  has  received, 
tlie  population  may  be  eftimated,  five 
)  :'Ts^go,  as  follows  t 


TER 

Jlrought  ever     7s,e<}d 
KaflcaikiasandCahokia,      6to  i70«i 
At  Grand  Ruifleau,vil-  j 

lege  of  St.  Philip,  and  V      440    do^ 

Prairie>du-rochcrs«     j 


Indians,     (Aippofell       65,000 

OhioCompanypurchafe,  i,'oo 

Col.Symmes'feitlements,  «,ooq 

Galliopolis,     (French  1 

fetrlements)  oppolke  >  1,000 

the  Kan  ha  wy  river,   j 

Vincennes  and  its  vici 

nitv,  on  the  Wabafli 


1791. 
do. 
do. 

do. 


*  f  >»50o     do. 


Carry  over    71,000 


Total    7at9ao 
In  1 79o«  there  were  in  the  town  of  Vin^ 
cennes,  about  40  American  families  and 
31  flaves,   and  on  the  Miflifippi,  49 
American  families  and  73  ilaves,  all  in^ 
eluded  in  the  above  cftimate.    On  the 
Spanifli  or  weftem  fide  of  the  Midi- 
fippi,  theix  werei  in  1790,  about  1800 
fouls,  principally  at  Genevieve,  and  St. 
Louis.    The  lands  on  the  various  rivers 
which  water  this  territory,  are  inter- 
fperfed  with  all    the   variety  of  foil 
which  conduces  to  plcafantnels  of  iitua- 
tion,  and  lays  the  foundation  for  the 
wealth  of  an  agricultural  and  manufac'* 
turing  people.    Large  level  bottoms, 
or  natural  meadows,    from  so  to  50 
miles  in  circuit,  are  found  bordering 
the  rivers,  and  variegating  the  country 
in  the  interior  parts.    Thefe  afford  n 
rich  a  foil  as  can  be  imagined,  ant 
may  be  reduced  to  proper  cultivation 
with  very  little  labour.     The  prevailing 
growth  of  timber,  and  the  moft  ufeful 
trees,  are  maple  or  fugar-tree,  fycamcre, 
black  and  white  mulberry,  black  and 
white  walnut,  butternut,  chefunt}  white, 
black,  Spanifli,  and  chefnut  oaks,  hic- 
kory, cherry,  buckwood  or  horfe  chef- 
nut,  honey-locuft,  elm^  cucumber  trees, 
lynn  tree,  gum  tree,  iron  wood,  afli, 
afpin,  faflafras,  crab-apple  tree,  paupaw 
or  cuftard  apple,  a  variety  of  plum  trees, 
nine  bark  fpice,  and  leather  wood  buflies. 
White  and  black  oak,    and  chelhut, 
with  moft  of  the  above-mentioned  tim- 
bers, grow  large  and  plenty  upon  the 
high  grounds.    Both  the  high  and  low 
lands  produce  great  (Quantities  of  natural 
grapes  of  various  ktnds,  of  which  the 
iettters  univerlally  make  a  fufficiency 
for  their  own  conlumption,  of  rich  red 
wine.     It  is  afl'erted  in  the  old  fettle- 
ment  of  St.  Vincent,  where  they  have 
had  opportunity  4o  try  it,  that  age  will 
render  this  wine  preferable  to  moft  of 
the  European  wines.    Cotton  is  faid  to 
be  the  natural  produflion  of  this  coun- 
try, and  to  grow  in  great  perfe£Uon. 
The  fugar  maple  is  the  mon  valuable 
tree,  for  an  inland  country.  Any  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  may  be  forever  fup- 
plicd  with  a  fuilicieiicy  of  fugar,  by  pre- 

fsrving 


IkrviAg  ft'feW  trees  for  the  life  of  each 
family.  A  tree  will  yield  about  ten 
|K>uiult  of  fugar  a  year,  and  the  labour 

is  very  trifling.  Springs  of  excellent 
vrater  abound  itt  tnia  territory  ^  ami 
Anall  and  large  ftnnm«,  for  niilli  and 
"Other  purpoles,  are  a^luatly  interiperfed, 
at  if  by  art,  that  there  be  no  deficiency 
in  any  of  the  convenicncies  of  life. 
Very  little  wafte  land  in  to  be  found  iti 
^ny  part  of  thtstrafl  of  country'.  There 
are  no  fwamps  but  fiKh  at  may  be  rea- 
dily drained,  and  made  into  arable  and 
meadow  land ;  and  though  the  hills  are 
'frequent,  they  are  gentle,  and  fwclling 
4W  where  high  or  incapable  of  tillage. 
They  are  of  a  deep  rich  foil,  covered 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber,  and 
well  adapted  to  the  produ£lionof  wheat, 
rye,  indigo,  tobacco,  &c.  The  com- 
inunication  between  this  country  and 
the  fea,  will  be  principally  in  the  4  fol- 
lowing dire6lions :  i .  The  route  through 
^he  Scioto  and  Muflcingum  to  Lake 
Erie,  and  fo  to  the  river  Htidfon  ;  de- 
Icrihed  under  New- York  head.  s.  The 
paflTage  up  the  Ohio  and  Monongahela 
to  tlie  portage  above  mentioned,  which 

tads  to  the  pavigable  waters  of  the  Pa- 
towmack«  This  portage  is  30  miles,  and 
will  probably  be  rendered  much  lefs  by 
the  executicii  of  the  plans  now  on  foot 
for  opening  the  navigation  of  thofe  wa- 
ters. 3.  The  Great '^Kanhaway,  which 
falls  into  the  Ohio  from  the  Virginia 
ihore,  between  the  Hockh<Kking  and 
the  Scioto,  n^ens  an  extenlive  naviga- 
tion from  the  (burh-eaft,  and  leaves  but 
38  miles  portage  from  the  navigable  wa- 
ters of  James*  river,  in  Virginia.  This 
tcommimication,  tor  the  country  between 
Muflcingum  aud  Scioto,  will  probably 
be  more  ufed  than  any  other  for  the  ex- 
portation of  nanufa^ures,  and  other 
light  and  valuable  articles,  andefpeciaU 
Jy,  for  the  importation  of  foreign  com- 
modities, which  may  be  brought  from 
the  Chcfapeak  to  the  Ohio  much  cheap- 
er than  they  are  now  carried  from  Phi- 
ladelphia  to  CarliAe,  and  the  other 
thick  tirt'led  back  counties  of  Pcnnfyl- 
vania  •.  ; .  But  the  cunent  down  the 
Ohio -and  Atifniippi,  for  heavy  articles 
Ihat  fuit  the  Florida  and  Welt-India 
znarkets,  fach  as  corn,  flour,  beef,  lum- 

•  A  gentleman  of  much  obfervation,  and 
a  grejt  traveller  in  this  country,  is  of  opi- 
nion that  this  csiumunication,  or  xeute|  is 
■ehineikaL 


f  ber,  Art.  will  be  more  frequently  IM* 
ed  than  any  flreanu  on  earth.  Tilt 
dittance  from  the  Scioto  to  the  Miilifip- 
pi,  is  800  miles  {  from  thence  to  the  fea» 
is  900.  This  whole  courfe  is  eafily  rna 
in  I  s  days  {  and  the  paiTage  up  thoft 
rivers  i*  not  Co  difficult  as  has  ul'ually 
been  reprdbnted.  It  is  found,  by  lata 
experiments,  that  fails  are  ufed  to  greab 
advantage  againft  the  current  of  th« 
Ohio }  and  it  is  worthy  of  oblervations 
that  in  all  probability  fteam  boats  wiU 
be  found  to  do  infinite  fervice  in  all  our 
extenfive  river  navigation.  No  coun« 
try  is  better  flocked  with  wild  gam* 
of  every  kind.  .  The  rivers  are  well 
flored  with  fifh  of  Various  kinds,  and 
many  of  them  are  of  an  excellent 
quality.  They  are  generally  large, 
though  of  different  fizes  }  the  cat-fifh, 
which  is  the  largeff,  ahd  of  a  delicious 
flavour,  weighs  from.  6  to  80  pounds* 
The  number  of  old  forts,  found  in  this 
weftem  country,  are  the  admiration  of 
the  curious,  and  a  matter  of  much  fpe^. 
culation.  They  are  moftly  of  an  oblong 
form,  fituated  on  ftrong,  well  chofeii 
ground,  and  'contiguous  to  water. 
When,  by  whom,  and  for  what  purpofe, 
thefe  were  thrown  up,  is  uncertain. 
They  are  undoubteilly  very  ancient,  at 
there  is  not  the  leaft  vifible  di^erence  in 
the  age  or  fize  of  the  timber  growing  on 
or  within  thefe  forts,  and  that  which 
grows  without ;  and  the  oldeft  natives 
have  loft  all  tradition  refpefling  them. 
The  pofts  eftablifhed  for  the  prote^ioa 
of  the  frontiers,  and  their  fituation,  may 
be  fcen  on  the  map.  By  an  ordinancs 
of  Congrefs,  paflTed  on  the  j  3th  of  July, 
1787,  this  country,  for  the  purpofes  of 
temporary  government,  was  ereifed  in. 
to  onediltrilft,  fubjeft,  however,  toadi- 
vifion,  when  circumftancesfhallmake  it 
expedient.  The  ordinance  of  Congrefs 
of  July  13th,  I787,article  5th,  provides 
that  there  fhall  be  formed  in  this  terri- 
loiy,  not  lefs  than  three,  nor  more  than 
five  States ;  and  the  boundaries  of  the 
States  (hall  become  fixed  and  eftablifhed 
as  follows,  viz.  the  weftern  State  in  the 
faid  territory  fhall  be  bounded  on  the 
Mifniippt,  the  Ohio  and  Wabafh  rivers  i 
a  direft  line  dra-  n  from  the  Wabgfh 
and  Poll  Vincents  due  north  to  the  ter- 
ritorial line  between  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  and  by  the  faid  territorial 
line  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  Mil;, 
lifippi.  The  middle  State  ihall  be 
M  ra  bounded 


^4*  TER 

bounded  by  the  Taid  direft  linei  tbt  Wa- 
baflt  it'  m  Poft  Vincents  to  the  Ohio } 
by  the  Ohio  by  a  direft  line  drawn  due 
Morth  fi om  the  mou  h  ot  the  Great  Min- 
•ni  to  the  faid  territorial  line,  ■md  by 
the  faid  territorial  line.     The  eaftern 
State  (hall  he  houndtii  by  the  Uft  men- 
tioQed  d  r«Ck  Hue,  the  Ohio,  Pennfylva- 
nia,  and  the  laid  tcrritorinl  line ;  Provid- 
ed however,  and  it  is  further  under 
ftood  and  declared,  that  the  boundaries 
of  the'e  3  States  fhaU  be  I'uhjeft  to  tar  to 
be  altered,  that  if  Conerefs  hereafter 
ftall  find  it  expedient,  tncy  (hall  have 
authority  to  form  x  or  »  States^  in  that 
part  of  the  faid  territory  which  lies  N. 
of  an  E.  and  W".  line  drawn  through  the 
Iburh.  rly  b*  nd  or  extreme  of  Lake  Mi- 
chigan }  and  when  any  cf  the  faid  States 
fluill  have  6o,oqo  free  inhabitants  there- 
in, Aieh  ^tate  fhall  be  admitteii  by  its  de- 
legates into  the  Congreis  of  the  United 
States,  on  an  equal  footing  with  th?  ori- 
ginal States.inskllrelpe£fe«  whatever!  :■  A 
iiull  be  at  liberty  to  form  a  permanent 
jBonftitution  and  State  goverment ;  pio* 
vidrd  the  conltitution  and  government 
.  fi>  to  be  formed  ihall  be  repimlioan,  and 
in  conformity  to  the  principles  contain- 
•d  in  thefe  articles ;  and  fo  far  as  itVan 
be  confiftent  with  the  geneial  intcreft  of 
the  confederacy,  fuch  admiflionfhall  be 
allowed  at  an  earlier  period,  and- when 
there  may  be  a  lefs  number  of  free  in- 
habitants in  the  State>  than  60,000. 
Cee  the  Map.    The  fettlemw*  of  t'.is 
country  l^as  been  checked,  for  ieveral 
years  paft,  by  the  unhappy  Indian  war, 
an  amicable  termination  of  which  took 
place  on  the  3d  of  Augult,  1795*  when 
a  treaty  was  formed  at  Grenville,  be- 
tween Major  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  on 
the  part  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
"Chiefs  of  the  following  tribes  of  Indians, 
viz.  the  Wyandots,  Delawares,  Shawa- 
noet,  Ottawas,  Chippewas,  Putawa- 
times,  Miamis,  £el  river,  Weeas,  Kick- 
apous.  Plan 'Kafliaws  and  Kalkalkias.. 
By  the  third'  article  of  this  treaty,  the 
Indians  cede  to  the  United  States,  for  a 
valuable  confideration,  all  lands  lying 
caftward  and  fouthward  of  a  line  «  be- 
ginning at  the  mouthof  Cayahcga  river, 
and  running  thence  up  the  fume  to  the 
portage  between  that  and  the  Tiilca- 
rawas  branch  of  the  Mufkingum ;  thence 
down  that  branch  to  the  crofling  place 
above  Fort  Lawrence ;  thence  wtftcrly 
to  a  fork  of  that  branch  of  the  great 


T  E  S 

Miami  riverf  running  hto  the  OKidi 
where  commences  the  portage  between 
the  Miami  of  the  Ohio,  ami  St.  Mary's 
river,  which  is  a  branch  cf  the  Miami 
of  the  lake ;  thence  a  wellerly  courle  to 
Fort  Recovery ,  which  (lands  on  a  branch 
of  the  Waba(h,  then  fouth-welie  ly  in  a 
direft  line  to  the  Ohio,  fo  as  to  inttricft 
th»t  river  oppofite  the  mouth  of  Ken. 
tuoky  or  Catawa  river."   Sixteen  trafts 
ot  land  of  6  »iui  11  miles  fquare,  inter- 
fperfed  at  convenient  diftances  in  the  In- 
(iian  country,  were,  by  the  fame  treaty, 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  fir  the  con- 
venience  of  keeping  up  a  friendly  and 
beneficial  intercourfc  between' the  par- 
ties.  The  United  States,  on  their  part, 
'*  rel'.nquilh.  their  claims  to  all  other  In- 
dianslands  northward  of  the  river  Ohio, 
eailward  of  the  Miflifippi,  and  weftward 
and  fouthward  of  the  Great  Lakes  and. 
the  water«'unit  iag  them,  according  to  the 
I'oundary  line  agreed  on  by  the  United* 
States  and  the  king  of  Great -Brit.iin,  in 
the  tveaty  of  peace  made  between  thrni 
in  the  year  17S3.    But  from  this  lelin- 
'  quilhinent,  by  the  United  States,  thi  f<  !- 
lowine  trafts  of  land  are  explicitly  ex- 
cepted, iff.  The  traft  of  1.50,000  acres 
near  the  rapids-of  the  Ohio  river,  which 
i has  been  afligned  to  Gen..Claik,  for  the 
lU'e  of  himfelf  and  his  war  iors.  id.  The 
)H>(f  of  St.  Vincents  on  the  river  Wabafli, 
and  the  lands  adjacent}  of  which  the 
Indian  title  has  been  extinguilhed.   3d. 
The  land  at  all  other  plares^in  poiTeflion 
of  the  French  people  and  other  white 
fettlers  among  them,  of  which  the  In- 
dian  title  hasr  been  extinguifhed,    as 
mentioned  in  the  third  article;,  and  4th. 
The  pod  of  Fort  Maflac,  towards  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio.     To  which  feveral 
parcels  of  land  ib  excepted,   the  laid 
tribes  rdinquifh  all  the  title  and  claim 
which  they  or  any  of  them  may  have.'^' 
Goods  to  the  value  of  ao,coo  dblls^.were 
delivered  the  Indians  at  the'  time  this 
treaty  was  made;   and   goods   to  th«- 
amount  of  9^500  dolls. at  firft  cod  in  the 
U.  States,  are  to  be  delivered  annually  to 
the  Indians  at  fome  convaiient   place 
northward  of  the  Ohio.  A  trade  has  been 
opened,  fince  this  treaty,, by  a  lawof  Cun- 
grefs,  with  the  fcrementioned  tribes  of 
Indians,  on  a  liberal  footing,  which  pro- 
miles  to  give  permanency  to  this  treaty, 
und  fecurity  to  the  frontitr  inhabitants. 
Testigos,  iilands  near  the  coalf  of 
New  An(ialulia*.in  Terralkmii,  on  this. 

foufch. 


THE 

ISittth  CMit  of  the  Curibbem  €«i,  tn  the 
Weft-Indiei.  Several  fmall  iflande  At 
<h«  eaft  end  of  the  Mand  of  Margarita 
lie  between  that  ifland  and  thofe  called 
Teftigoi.  N.lat.  II.6.W.  Iong.61.4,8. 
Tbtbroa  Harbour,  ontheWMv  of 
the  ifland  of  Ulietes,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflamls.  S.  lat.  16.  ;i.W.long.  151.1-;. 
_  Tethuroa,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pa- 
xiflc  Ocean,  about  24  miles  from  Point 
Venus  in  the  ifland  ot  Otaheite.  S.  iat. 
17.  4.  W.  long.  149.  30. 

TETZEUco,abrackifli  lake  in  Mexi- 
co.    See  Mexico. 

TiusHANusHsoNo-GOGHTA,  an 
Indian  village  on  the  northern  bank  of 
Alleghany  river,  in  Pennfylv^nia,  5 
tniUs  north  of  the  fouth  line  of  the  State, 
and  14  E.  S.  E.  of  Chatoughqtie  Lake. 
Tewksbury,  called  by  the  Indians, 
IVameJit,  or  PawUkett,  a  tovmfliip  of 
Maflachultittti,  Middlci'ex  co.  on  Con- 
cord I  iver,  near  its  junflion  virith  Merri> 
mack  river,  14  miles  northerly  of  fiof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1734,  and 
contains  958  inhabitants. 

Tbwksbury,  a  townfltipof  New- 
Jerfey,  Hunteirdon  co.  The  townfliips 
of  Lebanon,  Readington,  and  Tewkf- 
bury  contain  4,370  inhabitants,  indud- 
ingi68  flaves. 

Thames  River,  in  ConneAicut,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  Shetucket  and 
Little,  or  Norwich  rivers,  at  Norwich 
Landing,  to  which  place  it  is  navigable 
for  velTels  of  confiderable  burden  \  and 
thus  far  the  tide  flows.  From  this  place 
the  Thames  (.urfties  a  foutherly  courfe 
>4  miles,  palling  by  New- London  on 
its  weft  bank,  and  empties  into  Long- 
Ifland  Sound ;  forming  the  fine  harbour 
.of  New-London. 

Thatcher's  Ifland,  lies  about  a 
mile  eaft  of  the  fouth-eaft  point  of  Cape 
Ann,  on  the  coalt  of  Mafl'achufetts,  and 
forms  the  northern  limit  of  Mafl'achu- 
fetts Bay }  and  has  %  iight-houfcs.  Cape 
Ann  light-houl'e  lies  in  lat .  43 . 3  6 .  north, 
^nd  Idng.  70.  47.  weft. 

Theakiki,  the  Pittem  head  water 

of  liliiiois  river,  rifes  about  8  miles  S. 

of  Fort  St.  Jofeph.  After  running  thro' 

'rich  and  level  lands,  about  tii  miles, 

it  receives  Plein  river  in  lat.  41.  48.  N. 

and  from  thence  the  confluent  ftream 

aflumes  the  name  of  Illinois.     In  I'ome 

maps  it  is  called  Huakita. 

'      THETFORD.atownfliipin  thefouth- 

*|ift  cblrricr  of  Orange  CO.  Vermont,  on 


mo         9^ 

the  wdlem  bank  of  ConncAkut  riva^ 
about  10  miles  north  of  DartnToutl\ 
College,  and  contains  86  a  inhabitants. 
Thomas's  Ba^,  on  the  W.  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Antigua.  It  affords  lone 
fhelter  from  the  S.  and  S.  B.  winds. 

Thomas  ^nd,  St.  or  the  Da$itt 
^nd,  is  the  largeft  and  moft  northerly 
of  the  Virgin  Iflands,  in  the  Weft-In- 
dies, and  is  about  9  miles  long  and  f 
broad.  It  has  a  fandy  foil  and  is  badly 
watered,  but  enjoys  a  confiderable  trade^ 
efpecially  in  time  of  peace,  in  the  con- 
traband way)  and  privateers  in  time  of 
war  fell  their  prizes  here.  A  large  bat*  . 
tery  has  been  ereAed  for  its  dciencoa 
mounted  with  20  pieces  of  cannon.  N, 
lat.  18.  as.W. long. 64.51.  Ithasafaf* 
and  commodious  harbour,  and  lies  about 
30  miles  eaft  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico. 
Thomas  Jfland,  St.  on  the  wef>  coaft 
of  New-Mexico.  N.  lat.  10.  10.  weft 
long.  113.  5. 

Thomas,  St.  a  town  of  Guiana  in  8. 
America,  fituated  on  the  banks  of  tb  1 
Oroonoko.  N.  lat.75.'W.  long.  6s.  36. 
Thomas,  Port  St.  a  harbour  of  the 
bay  of  Honduras,  on  the  Spanifli  Main  % 
from  which  goods  are  fhipped  to  £u« 
rope. 

Thomas,  St.  the  chief  town  of  New. 
Andaluiia,  or  Paria,  in  the  northern  di* 
vifion  of  Terra  Firma. 

Thomas,  St.  a  parifli  of  Charlefton 
diftriA,  in  S.  Carolina.  It  contains  3,836 
inhabitants  {  of  whom  197  are  whites^ 
and  3,405  flaves. 

Thomastown,  a  poft-town  of  the 
Diftri£l  of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  on  the 
weft  flde  of  Penobfcot  B'<y,  and  about 
4  leagues  from  Franklin  Ifland,  at  th« 
moutn  of  the  river  St.  George,  which 
divides  this  town  from  Warren  and 
Cufliing,  to  the  weft  ward.  A  conflder* 
able  river  in  the  fouth-eaft  part  of  tha 
townfhip  is  c&iied  Wtflbweflgeeg.  From 
the  hill  of  Madambettocks  may  be  iten, 
iflands  and  lands  to  a  great  diftance  j 
and  near  it  there  is  thought  to  be  plenty 
of  iron  ore ;  but  no  attempts  have 
been  made  toafcertain  its  quality.  The 
grand  Naples  of  Thomaftown  are  lime 
and  lumber.  Limeftone  is  very  com- 
mon, and  fpot-s  of  land,  or  rather  rock» 
of  fix  rods  fquare,  are  frequently  fold 
for  100  dollars.  There  are  now  about 
35  kilns  ere£led,  each  of  which,  on  an 
average,  will  produce  200  fifty  gallon 
caflcs,  Thefe  kilns,  if  burD(.d  only 
M  m  a  three 


54B 


THO 


thrat  tt«tttt '•  year,  (Aiough  manjr  ara 
flv«  or  fix  times)  will  tnrnifh  about 
•iioeo  caOu)  whkli  nc«t»  ittcr  •!!  aaip 
Iteniet,  about  6  fltiUing  a  calk.  Too 
mucli  attimtton  being  paid  to  thia  bufi> 
neis,  prtventa  a  due  cultivation  of  the 
lantis.  Thtre  arc  now  ownad  on  the 
Tiver  i«  U-ig«»  Ichooncri,  and  floopi, 
•qual  to  about  i,ioo  toot,  employed  in 
foreign  an<(  Icoathng  voyages.  On  the 
river,  and  its  iieverarftrcams,  are  a  num- 
kcr  of  tide  and  other  grilt  and  law 
mills,  which  atfoid  great  profit  to  their 
owneis.  A  fart  with  a  number  of  can- 
non,and  a  i-ectilar  garrilonof  provincialsi 
was  former^  ftationed  about  5  miles 
below  the  head  of  the  tide.  Few  veftigcs 
iof  the  fort  now  remain  {  but  in  place 
of  it  an  elegant  building  was  ereAed  in 
1794,  by  the  Hon.  Henry  Knox.  Efq. 
The  rettleiiicnt  of  Thomaftown  began 
about  1710,  in  1777  it  was  incorporat- 
ed, in  1790 it  contuim-d  Sot  inhabitants ; 
■nd  K  was  computed  to  contain  in 
X796  above  l,xoo.  There  are  here  no 
public  fchools  cunllantly  kept,  though 
there  are  feveral  private  ones  through- 
out the  year.  There  are  two  churches, 
the  one  for  Baptifts,  who  are  the  moil 
numerous,  and  (he  other  for  Congrega- 
tionaliftg.  Here  is  alfo  a  fecial  libi-ary. 
The  c'^mpafl  part  of  the  town  is  7  miles 
foutherly  of  Camden,  7  ead  of  War- 
ren, 39  N.  E.  by  £.  of  Wifcaflfet,  21  5 
N.  E.  of  fiofton,  and  564  N.  E.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

Thome,  St.  or  St.  Tbitnast  a  plain  in 
the  centre  df  the  ifl;ind  of  St.  Domingo, 
in  the  Weft-Indies,  on  the  fouth  fide  of 
the  firft  chain  of  the  mountains  of  Ci- 
bao,  near  which  Artibonite  river  takes 
its  rife.  It  is  contiguous  to  the  north  of 
that  of  St.  John  of  Maguana.  The  fort 
of  St.  Thomas  was  ert£ted  here,  near 
th^-iiead  of  the  Artibonite,  by  Chrifto- 
pher  Columbus  to  prote£l  the  mines 
againft  the  Indians.  There  is  now  no 
teftige  of  tho  fort  remaining. 

Thompson,  atownftiipot  Windham 
to.  in  the  north-ealt  corner  of  Connefti- 
cut .  having  the  town  of  Killin^ly  en 
the  fouth,  the  Smte  of  Rhode-ifland 
caft,  and  that  of  Maflachuiistts  on  the 
north }  from  which  laii  it  receives  Qu^i- 
nabaiig  awl  Five-mile  rivers. 

T:!''i'iC.\NOS,  a  fmall  river  of  the 
N  •  W.  Territoiy,  which  runs  fouthward 
to  W.thalh  river,  into  which  it  enters  a 
ftw  nulc*  estftwanl  of  Ouixtanon. 


T^HU 

TjiotnroN,  «  townfiiip  of  Kc«^ 
HampOiire,  in  Grafton  to.  at  the  headi 
iilMcrriinwBkjrlvfCi  which  coi)tain)i  385^ 
inhabitants.    It  was  incoraorattd  m 

Tkoxjlousi,  Portt  on  t|e  S.  coaft 
of  the  illand  of  Captf  Hreton,  near  t  he 
entrance  of  the  Strait  ot  Fronfac  or  Can- 
ib,  lies  between  the  gull  called  Litile 
St.  PclnfelKl  the  ifl.iiuls  of  St.  Peter.  It 
wns  formerly ^callicd  Port  8t.  Peter,  and 
is  60  miles  weft  of  Gaharon  Bay. 

Thousand  \fUt  arc  fituatcd  in  St. 
Lawrence,  or  Iroquois  |iver,  a  little 
north  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Thousand  Lakest  a  name  given  to 
a  grtat  number  ot  fmall  lakes  near  the 
Mifltfippi,  a  little  to  the  N.  E.  of  St. 
Francis  river,  which  is  about  60  milea 
above  St.  Anthony's  Falls.  The  conn- 
try  about  thele  lakes,  though. but  little 
frequented,  is  the  beft  witiiin  many 
miles  fur  hunting  \  as  the  hunter  leldom 
tails  returning  lo.tded  bi'vorul  his  expec- 
tation. Here  the  river  MiiTifippi  is  not 
above  90  yards  wide.  \ 

Three  B* others,  three  iftands  within 
the  river  EiVequ^bo,  on  the  £.  coaft  of 
S.  Am>>rlca. 

Thr^e  JJlandi  Bay,  or  Harbour,  on 
the  E.  coaft  of  the  iflandof  St.  Lucia, 
in  the  Weft- Indies. 

Three  Points,  Cape,  on  the  coafl  of 
Guiana,  in  S.America.  N.  lat.  10.  38^ 
W.  long.  61.  57. 

Three  R'wtrs,  in  Canada.  See  Trois 
Rivieres. 

Three  Sifters,  three  fmall  ifles  on 
the  W.  ftiore  of  Chelai>eak  Bay,  which 
lie  between  Weft  river  and  Parker's 
ifland. 

Thrum  Cap,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
a  fmail  circular  ifle,  not  more  than  a 
mile  in  circumference,  7  leagues  N.  6a* 
W.  from  Lagoon  illand.  High  water, 
at  full  and  change,  between  11  and  la 
o'clock.  S.  lat.  18.  35.  W.  long.  139. 
48. 

Thule,  Southern,  an  ifland  in  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  the  moft  foutherly  land 
ever  difcovered ;  htii'-n  the  tne  name.  S«' 
lat.  59.  34.  W.  long.  17.  4.J, 

Thurman,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliing- 
ton  coimty,  New- York }  taken  from 
Qiieenft)urg,  and  incorporated  in  179Z. 

Thunder  Bey,  in  Lake  Huron,  lick 
:^hout  half  way  between  Sagana  Bay  and 
the  N.  W.  comer  of  the  lake;  it  is 
about  4  milea  acrolaeitlMK  ««¥  i  and  i» 

thu> 


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If?*-'"^-?!^-" 


ifhus  calledl 
lieard  then 

TROOi 

« iaf c  ot 
hnii,  8  le 

riA 

Ri'-tr. 

"^    iAOG 

aV  -ut  i5of 
i-'ver.  r 
Tiber 
runs  routiu 
iington,  alii 
river.  Its^ 
le\  el  of  the 
of  wliicli,  i 
may  be  c< 
houff,  and 

T13ER6 

•n  the  S.W 
Alia  of  the 
forms  the 
Tiberon. 

TiBERd 

lage  on  the 
St.  Doming 
the  cape  oit 
Point  Burg: 
thiec-fburth 
a  river,  faus 
the  weiteitj 
ftamls  on ^h 
to  its  cou''! 
leagues  font 
from  Jeremi( 
the  road  froi 
in  lat.  i8,  2 
5?..  4.0.  Vf. 
l)°ron,  froh> . 
the  fame  yea 
— 377»^ool'i 
coffee-ri}}^ 
digo — ana  i 
able  amount 
exporfarioni 

TlBHRbN 
village  abov 
French,  the 

TiCCLE 

•f  NewfoHnc 
Bonaventvna 
Tickle , 
BritiOi  (cam 
bay  of  Tirr 
Ditrien,  at  t 
rocks,  havir 
landing.  ■  1 
on  one  filc,_ 
.{the  range  0: 


"P«M 


*WI^ 


*l..^ 


*  k 


%■ 


TIC 

ithui  called  from  the  thunder  frequently 
lieard  theix.  • 

lexico,  is  u  roue;h  head 

the  valley  bftoVimi. 

lA  River.    See  Unadilla 


In  ancient  Indian  town, 
ut  sfo^ltfs  up  the  Sviqiiehannah 
river.         1      ' 

Tiber  Cr^i^,  a  fmall  ftieam  which 
runs  foutiimiy  Jhrough  the  city  of  Wafh- 
ington,  alld  empties  into  Patowniac 
river.  Tr^lbuVceis  a 36  feet  above  the 
\t\  el  of  the  tide  in  the  ci  eelc  5  the  waters 
of  wliich,  and  thofe  of  Reedy  Brunch, 
may  be  (Conveyed  to  the  Prefidcnt's 
houff,  and  to  the;  capitol. 

7'i3er6n,  Cape,  a  round  black  rock 
•n  the  S.V^.  part  of  the  ibuthern  penin- 
£ula  of  the  iUand  of  St.  Domingo,  and 
forms  the'  N.  W,  limit  of  the  bay  of 
Tiberon. 

■TiBER^N,  or  TibHrott,  a  bay  and  vil- 
lage on  tiie  S.  W.  part  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domino.  The  bay  is  formed  by 
the  capeofits  name  on  the  N.  W.  and 
Point  Burj^au  on  the.S.  E.  a  league  and 
thicc-fburjhs  apart.  iTie  ftream,  called 
a  river,  fafls  in  at  the  head  of  the  bay,  on 
the  weiteilB  fide  of  the  village  ;  which 
ftands  on  jthe  high  road,  and,  accoi'ding 
to  its  couffe  along  the  fea  fhore,  10 
leagues  foHthofCape  DameMirie,  20 
from  Jeremie,  and  32  by  the  winding  of 
the  road  from  Les  Cayes.  The  cape  is 
in  lat.  li,  20.  30.  N.  and  in  long.  7£. 
5?..  4.0.  \y.  The  exports  from  Cape  Ti- 
beron, froin  Jan,  i,  1789,  to  Dec.  31,  of 
the  fame  j^ear,  were  icoolbs  white  liigar 
— 377, Soolbsi  brown  fugar— Coo.ooilbs 
coffeo— r-ii,67»!bs  cotton— i,o881bs  in- 
digo— and  fmall  nificies  to  a  confider- 
able  amount  Total  value  of  duties  on 
exportation,  1,4.65  dollars  76  cents. 

Tib E RON,  a  fort,  near  the  town  or 
village  above  mentioned  ;  taken  by  the 
French,  the, ». i^  Kf arch,  ^795. 

TivxhE  Harbour,  on  the  eaftcoaft 
ef  NewfoHndiand,  filteen  leagues  from 
Bonaventura  Fort. 

Ti  c  K  LB  Af(f  Sickly,  a  name  given  by 
Britifli  Icamen  to  a  fine,  little,  fapdy 
bay  of  TIrni  Firma,  on  the  Ifthmus  of 
Darien,  at  the  N.  W.  end  of  a  reef  of 
rocks,  having;  good  anchorage  and  I'afe 
landing.  ^  Tne  extremity  of  the  rocks 
on  one  fi(let.^9n4  the  Samballas  Iflands 
(the  range  of  which  begins  from  hence^ : 


TIE  .54^ 

on  tlie  other  (ide,  guard  it  from  the  fea^ 
and  fo  form  a  very  good  harbour.  It 
trmuch  fimuiiimiiHiy  m\miA**ni»>mi^im 

TjCONn.  "OGAyki  the  State  of  Ne«« 
Ydrk,  built  ny  the-Preneh  kiilte  T«t«  '- 
1756,  on  the  north  fide  of  a  penihfHla» 
fv>rmrd  by  the  confluence  of  the  water* 
iiluing  from  Lake  George  into  Lake 
Champlain.  It  is  now  a  neap  of  ruini* 
and  fo  tiia  an  apne.idage  to  a  f»rm.  Ita 
name  fignifies  rfoiff,  in  the  Indian  lan- 
guage, and  was  called  by  the  French 
Corillor.  Mount  Independfence,  in  Ad- 
(iiibn  co.Vti-mont,  is  about  2  miles S.B* 
of  it,  and  ieparated  firom  it  by  the  nar- 
row ttriiit  which  conveys  tke  water*  of 
Lake  (veorge  and  Soutn  river  into  Lake 
Champlain.  It  had  all  the  advantage*  ' 
th»t  art  or  nature  could  give  it,  being 
defended  on  3  fides  by  water  furrounded 
by  rocks,  and  on  bait  of  the  fourth  by 
a  fwamp,  and  where  that  fails,  the 
French  erefted  a  breaft-work  9  feet 
high.  This  was  the  firft  fortrefs  at- 
tacked  by  the  Americans  during  the 
revolutionary  war.  The  troops  under 
Oen.  Abercrombie  were  defiE:ated  here 
in  the  year  1758,  but  it  was  taken  the 
year  following  by  Gen.  Amherft.  It 
was  furprifed  by  Cols.  Allen  and  Ar- 
nold, May  10,  1775,  and  was  retaken 
by  Gen.  Burgoyne  in  July,  1777. 

TiERRA  ^u/lral  JeiEJfiritu  Santo, 
called  by  Bougainville,  ^be  Archipelago 
of  the  Great  Cyclases,  and  by  Captain  ' 
Cook,  The  Nev  Hebrides,  may  be  con. 
fi<lcred  as  the  eaftem  extremity  of  the 
vait  Archipelago  of  Nenu  Guinta.'-^ 
Tliefe  idands  are  fituated  between  the 
latitudes  of  141"  29^  md  10"  4'  S.  and  be- 
tween 169"  41'  a'.id  r7c» ii'E.  lopg, 
from  Greenwich,  and  confift  ot  the  f<3- 
lowing  iflands,  fome  of  which  have  re- 
ceived names  from  the  dflierent  Euro, 
pean  navigators,  and  others  retain  the 
names  which  they  beat  among  thena-^ 
tives  }  viz.  Tierra  Atiftral  del  Efpiritu 
Santo,  St.  Bartliolomew,  Mallicollo,,Pi« 
de  TEtoile,  Aurota,  Ifte  « f  Lepif  ri| 
Whitl'untide,  Ambrym,  Paooo,  Shep- 
herds Ifies,  Sandwich,  Errbmango,  Im- 
mer,  I'ana,  Erronan,  Annetom,  Apoe, 
Three  Hil'S,  Montagi:,  Hinciiuibrook, 
and  Erromanga.  Qjiiros,  who  firii  dif<. 
covered  thefe  illnnds,  in  j6o6,  defcribet 
them,  as  f  richer  and  more  fertile  thai» 
Spain,  ancf  as  populous  as  they  are  fer- 
tile;  watered  with  fine  rivers,  and  pro- 
ducing filvcr,  pearls*  iOimegs,  mace^'" 
Mm}  pepper^ 


V 


%i6>  .Til 

|>epper»  ginger,  ebony  of  the  jRrft  qtiall* 
ty,  wood  (St  the  CQimruAion  of  vcflelt, 
and  pirate  «rbi«|i  migltt  be  iabrictted 
Into  ttil-cloth  and  cordagct,  one  foit  of 
which  iaiwt  unlike  the  hemp  of  Eu. 
rQp«.**  The  inhabitants  of  thelie  iflandv, 
he  d«fcribet»  aa  of  fevei'al  different  races, 
of  men)  black,  white,  mulatto,  taw- 
ny, and  copper-coloured  {  a  proof,  he 
fbppofcs,  of  their  intercourfe  with  vari- 
ous people.  They  ufe  no  fire>arms.  are 
employed  in  no  mines,  nor  have  they 
•ny  of  thofe  meant  of  deftruClfon  which 
the  g<;niu«  of  Europe  has  invented.  In- 
duftry  and  policy  feem  to  have  made 
1)ut  little  progrefs  amon^  them  t  they 
1)uild  neither  towns  nor  tortrefles )  ac- 
knowledge neither  king  nor  laws,  and 
are  divided  only  into  tribes,  among 
which  there  does  not  always  fubfill  a 
t>erfe£k  harmony.  Their  arm«  are  the 
wnf  and  arrows,  the  fpear  and  the  dart, 
al)  made  of  wood.  Their  only  covering 
St  a  garment  round  the  wail^,  which 
reaches  to  the  middle  of  the  thigh. 
They  are  cleanly;  of  a  lively  and  grateful 
diA>oiition9  capable  of  friendfliip  and 
^ftru£lion.  Their  houfes  are  of  wood, 
tovered.with  palm  leavef.  They  have 
|>hce8  of  worfhip  and  burial.  They 
work  in  fione,  and  polifh  marble,  of 
which  there  are  many  quarries.  1  bey 
make  flutes,  drum«,  wooden  fpoons, 
mnd  from  the  mother  pf  pearl,  form 
^hiflels,  fciflTars,  knives,  hooks,  faws, 
hatchets,  and  fmall  lound  plates  tdr 
necklaces.  Their  canoes  are  well  built 
and  neatly  Qnifhed.  Hogs,  goats,  cows, 
bufialotfs,  and  various  fowls  and  fi(h, 
for  food,  are  found  in  abundance  on  and 
about  thele  iflands.  Added  to  all  thefe 
and  many  other  excellencies,  thele 
iflands  are  reprefented  as  having  a  re- 
markably falubripus  air,  which  is  evinc- 
ed by  the  healthy,  robuft  appearance 
ibf  the  inhabitants,  who  live  to  a  great 
age,  and  yet  have  no  other  bed  than  the 
eurth.  Such  is  the  defcription  which 
Qjiii'os  gives  of  thefii  iQands,  in  and 
about  which  he  fpi-nt  fouie  months,  and 
which  he  repreknts  to  the  King  of 
Spain  as  "  the  moft  delicious  country 
in  the  world  j  the  gnvden  oi  Eden,  the 
inexhauftible  fource  of  glory,  riches, 
and  power  to  Spain."  On  the  north 
fiJe  of  he  largcft  of  thefe  iHands,  c^lieil 
MTpiritu  Santo,  is  a  iiay,  called  San 
FtUpt  arid  Saiit-Tago,  whicli,  lays  Ciui- 
»Sf   **  poictratca  20  leagues  into  tlie 


T I  a 

emiAtrf }  the  inner  part  is  all  fyfy,  anJi 
may  be  entered  with  fecurity,  by  night 
a»  well  as,  by  day.  On  ctrery  mIc,  in 
its  vicinity,  many  tillages  noi»y  be  dif- 
tinguiOied,  amt  if  wc  anajFJm&c  by  tba 
linoke  which  rifes  by  day,  aiff  the  Area 
that  are  fcen  by  night,  thert  are  manyi 
more  in  the  interior  parts."  The  bar. 
hour  in  this  bay,  was  named  by  <^, 
ros.  La  VtraCrnaCt  and  is  a  part  of  tKia 
bay,  and  large  enough  to  admit  looo- 
veflela.  The  anchorage  is  on  an  excel- 
lent  bottom  of  black  land,  in  water  of 
different  depths,  from  6  to  40  fathomSa, 
between  two  6ne  rivers. 

TiGNAREs,  the  chief  town  of  the 
captainfliip  of  Rio  Grande  in  Brazil. 

TiMMisKAMAiN  Lak0t  in  Lower- 
Canada,  is  about  30  miles  long  and  10 
broad,  having  fevcral  fmall  iflands.  Ita 
waters  empty  into  Utawas  river,  by  a 
fhort  and  narrow  channel,  30  miles  N.  of 
the  N.  part  of  Nep'fling  lake.  The  In- 
dians named  Timmilcamaings  rcfide 
round  this  lake. 

TiNicvM,  two  townfliips  of  Penn« 
fylvania ;  the  one  in  Buck's  county,  the 
other  in  that  of  Delaware. 

Tinker's  Jpmd,  one  of  the  Eliza- 
bcth  Iflands,  on  the  coaft  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  off  Buzzard's  Bay,  8  miles  from 
the  main  land  of  Bamftable  county.  It 
is  the  fecond  in  magnitude,  and  the, 
middle  one  pf  the  3  largefl.  It  is  about 
3  miles  long  from  north  ^o  fouth,  and 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  broad  from  eaft 
to  weft ;  and  between  this  and  Nafli- 
awn  Ifland  is  a  channel  for  floops  and 
(innll  veflcls,  as  there  is  alfu  between  it 
and  Slocum's  Kland,  about  a  mile  far- 
ther to  the  wedward. 

Tin-mouth,  a  townffiip  of  Nova- 
Scotia  on  the  taftern  coaft.  It  wa» 
formerly  called  Pi6lou,  and  lies  about 
40  miles  from  Truro.     See  PiSou, 

Tin  MOUTH,  a  townfliip  of.Vcmiont, 
Rutland  c.  and  contains 93 5  inhabitants^ 

TiNsiGNAL,  arich  lilver  mine  in  the 
province  of  Colla  Rica  ;  whichlee. 

TnNTA,a  jurifdiftion  in  the  empire  of 
Peru  ;  wherein  is  the  famous  filver  n>in» 
called  Condonoina.     See  Cancas. 

TiNTAMAREjariverofflova-Scotia, 
which  is  navigable  3  or  4  miles  up  for 
iinali  Vkfll'ls. 

TiNio,  a  river  of  T«;rra  Firma,  so 
leagues  to  the  taft  of  Cape  Honduras. 

TiOfiA,  a  lowttfliip  of  Pennlylvapiai^ 


m  .'.  4CIQ  CO. 


TlOCAk 


TIS 

TiOOA,  a  CO.  of  Ncw-Yofrk,  bound  ■ ' 
«^  caft  by  Otfego,  weft  by  Onttrio 
north  by  Onondatio,  anil  fouth  by  the 
:State  of  Penniyivania.  It  containn  the 
towns  of  .Newtown,  Union,  Chemungi 
'OwegfCi,  Norwich,  Jcrico,  and  Cht-nen- 
go,  in  which  are  1,165  eitilors,  accord- 
ing to  the  Smie  •cenfiit  of  1796.  The 
-court»  of  common  pica*  and  general  i'ti- 
fions  of  the  peace  for  the  county  are  helii 
on  the  firft  Tucfdays  in  May,  Ottober, 
and  February,  inc-vtry  year,  alreinate- 
[y,  at  Chcnengo,  in  the  town  of  Union, 
and  at  Newtown  Point,  in  the  town  oi 
Chemung^  Some  curiouii  bones  have 
beendu^  up  «n  this  county.  About  1 1 
miles  from  Tioga  Point »  the  hone  or 
horn  of  an  -anim»i  was  found,  6  feet  9 
inches  long,  91  inches  round,  at  tlic 
long  md,  and  15  inches  at  the  fmall 
end.  It  is  incuryated  nearly  to  an  nrch 
of  a  large  circle.  Uy  the  pfet'ent  ftate 
of  both  the  ends,  much  of  it  muft  have 
perifhcd^  probably  a  or  3  t'cet  from  each 
end. 

Tioga  Poiat,  thepoin*  of  landfonn- 
«d  by  tlie  coiiflutBce  of  Tioga  river 
with  the  eaft  branch  of  Sutqueliannah 
jriver.  It  is  about  5*  mi^fj  louthtriy 
from  the  line  which  divides  New- York 
State  from  Ptnnfylvania,  and  is  ubouc 
»50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Philatlelphia, 
and  *o  S.  E.  of  Newtown.  The  town 
of  Athens  (fands  on  this  point  of  land. 

Tioga  River,  a  branch  of  the  Suf- 
quehannah,  which  rifes  in  the  Ailcsrha- 
By  Mountains,  in  about  lat.  42.  and  run- 
ning eaAwardly,  eineties  into  the  Suf- 
quehannah  atTioga  Point,  in  lat.  41.  57. 
It  is  navigable  for  "boats  about  50  miles. 
There  is  faid  to  be  a  prafticable  com- 
munication between  the  fouthern  branch 
of  the  Tioga,  and  a  branch  of  the  Alle- 
ghany, the  head  waters  of  which  are 
near  ench  other.  The  Seneca  Indians 
fay  they  can  walk  4  times  in  a  day,  from 
the  boatable  waters  of  the  Alleghany, 
to  thole  of  the  Tioga,  at  the  place  now 
mentioned. 

TioUGHNiOOA  River.  See  Cheaen- 
go  River. 

TioOKEA,  an  illand  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  one  of  thofe  called  Ge^.rge's 
Idands.  S.  lat.  14.  27.  W.  long. 
144.   56. 

Tipuany's  River.     See  Tarija. 

TiSBURy,  a  fmall  fiiliing  town  on 
the  fouth  fide  of  the  ifland  ol  Marthas 
Vineyard)  5  mtki  iiotn  Chiluiark)  and 


Tit  Wi 

^7  from  Boftoti.  The  towniblp  wti 
nuor|)orated  in  167 1 ,  ami  contains  1  <4ft 
inhabitants.  It  is  in  Duke'a  colintyt 
Maflachufetttt  and  in  1796  the  eafterif 
pait  was  incorporated  into  a  ief^nift 
townfliip. 

TUSCAN,  a  Tillage  of  Ouenca,  andllt- 
partment  of  Alanfis»  in  Qjiito,  in  SoudiM 
America,  which  wat  «ntirel7  deftroyed 
by  an  earthquake,  but  the  mhabiranlf 
clicaped,  and  removed  to  a  later  fitua« 
tion.  The  nia;-ks  of  this  dreadful  con* 
vulfion  of-n?tore  are  ftill'vifible. 

TiricACA,  an  ifland  ol  S.  America* 
in  the  South  Pac'ific  Ocean,  near  thf 
coalt  of  Peru. 

TiTiCACA,  or  •CimemtOt  a  lake  df 
Chuicas,  in  Peru  5  ^nd  is  the  largeft  or 
all  the  known  lakes  in  S.  America,    fit 
is  of  an  oval  figure,  with  an  inclination 
from  N.  W .  to  S.  £.  and  about  So 
leagues  in  circuit.  The  water  is,  in  fom<$ 
parts,  70  or  80  fathoms  deep.     Teri  or 
twelve  lai  ge,  befidee  a  greaier  number 
of  imaller  ilreams  fall  into  it.  The.wa^ 
ter  of  this  lake,  ihougli  neither  fait  ndr 
brackifli,  is  mudciy,  and  has  fomething 
lb  naufenus  in  its  tufte,  as  not  to  be 
liraiik.  One  of  the  moft  fplendid  tern-  - 
pies   in  the  empire  was  erciied  on  an 
ifland  in  this  lake,  by  the  Vncnj .  The 
Indians,  on  feeing  the  violent  rapacity 
of  the  Spaniards,  are  thought  to  have 
thrown  the  immenfe  coUe^lion  of  riches 
in  the  temple,  into  this  lake.   But  thefe 
valuable  efTcfls  were  thrown  into  an» 
other  lake,  in  the  valley  of  Orcos,  6 
IcaKnts  S.  of  Coico,  in  water  43  or  a4 
fathoms  deep.    Towards  the  S*  part  of 
Titicaci  Lake,  the  banks  approach  one 
anoi  her,  4b  as  to  form  a  kind  of  bay,  ter- 
minating in  a  river,  called  Bl  Defagua* 
dero,    or  the  drain }    and  attei  wards 
forms  the  Lake  of  Paria,  which  has  nci 
vifible  outlet.    Over  the  rivtr  tl  Defii- 
f.uadcro  Hill  remains  the  bridge  of  rufli- 
es,  invented  by  Capac-Yupanqui,  the 
fifth  Ynca,  for  tranfporting  his  army  to 
the  other  fide,  in  order  to  conquer  the 
provinces  of  Collafiiyo.    The  Delagna- 
derb  is  here  between  flo  and  100  yards 
in  breadth,  flowing  with  a  very  impctU- 
ous  current,  under  a  fmooth,  and,  as  ic 
were,  (leeping  iurface.    The  Ynca,  to 
oveicome  fhis  difiiculty,  ordered  4  very 
large  cables  to  be   nude  o'   a  k  nd  of 
giai's,  which  covers  the  lofty  heaths  and 
mountains  of  that  counti7,  and  by  the 
Indians  called  I^hU  :  £0  that  thcfe  cables 
Mm  4.  wcid 


5$t  T  O  A 

yitt(t  the  foundation  of  the  D«hoIe  ftrue* 
ture.  Two  of  thefe  bemg  laid  acrofs 
-^e  water*  fafcines  of  dry  juneira^  and 
tptbra,  two  fpecies  of  rufl)i^eS|  were  faft- 
cncd  together,  and  laid  acrofi  the  ca- 
blet..  On  this  again  the  two  other  ca- 
blet were  laid,  and  covered  with  fimilar 
lafcinet  fecurely  fafttned  on,  but  of  a 
ftnaller  fixe  than  the  firft.  and  arranged 
fo  at  to  form  a  level  liirface.  And  by 
this  nneans  the  Yncaprocui-ed a  fafe  pal> 
iage  for  his  army.  This  bridge  of  rush- 
es, which  i.s  about  five  yards  broad,  and 
one  yard  and  a  half  above  the  fuiface  of 
tile  water,  is  carefully  repaired,  or  re. 
built,  every  fix  months  by  the  neigh- 
bouiing  provinces,  in  puriuance  of  a 
law  made  by  that  Ynca  ;  and  fince  of- 
t(n  confirmed  by  the  kings  of  Spain,  en 
account  of  its  vaft  ufe,  it  being  the  chan- 
nel of  intercourfe  between  thofc  provin- 
ces on  each  fide  the  Defaguadero. 

Tiverton,  atown(])ip  of  Rhode- 
Jfland,  inf4ewport  co.  having  the  eaHern 
FaflTage  and  part  of  Mount  Hope  Bay 
on  the  W.  and  N.W.  the  State  of  Maf- 
fachiifetts  on  the  N.  and  E.  and  Little- 
Coropton  townftiip  on  the  ibuth.  It 
contamS  2,4-53  inhabitants,  including 25 
i^aves.  It  is  about  13  miles  N.  N.E. 
of  Newport. 

TizOM,  a  river  in  the  N.  W".  part  of 
S.America,  600  miles  from  New- Spain. 
In  a  journey  made  thus,  far,  in  1606,  the 
Spaniards  tound  fume  large  edifices,  and 
met  with  fome  Indians  who  i'poke  the 
Mexican  language,  and  who  toid  them, 
that  a  few  days  journey  from  that  river, 
towaixis  the  N.  was  tlie  kingdom  of  Fol- 
lan,  and  many  other  inhabited  places, 
whence  the  N^xicans  migrated.  It  is, 
indeed,  confirmed  by  Mr.  Sccwait,  in 
hit  late  travels,  that  there  are  cviiiz^ed 
Indians  in  the  interior  parts  of  America. 
Beyond  the  Mifibiui,  he  met  with  pow- 
erful nations,  who  were  cpurteoi\s  and 
hofpitable,  and  appeared  to  be  a  poiifli- 
cd  and  civilised  people,,  having  regular- 
ly built  towns,  ami  mjoying  a  Itate  of 
^^lociety  not  hv  removed  tiom  the  Euro- 
pean ;  and  indeed  to  be  perfe£lly  equal 
«v£nied  only  icon  and  fteel. 

Tlascai^a,  or  Los  AngeloSf  a  pro- 
yiQce  of  New-8pain.     See  Jingdas. 

I'o A,  one  of  the  two  riverst,  Bajamond 
bei<^  the  other,  which  empty  into  the 
liarbout-  of  Forto  Kico,  in  the  ifiand  of 
that  name  in  the  Weit-lndits. 

l^OAHOVTV,  one  of  the  two  fmall 


TOW 

iflandt  to  the  N.  eaftward  of  the  S;  end 
of  Otaha  >  liland,  one  of  the  Socieiw 
Iflandt,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean. 

ToAMaNsJNOf  two  townfhipt  of 
Pennfylvania}  the  one  in>  Montgomery; 
CO.  the  other  in  tliat  of  Northampton. 

TOAAOO,  an  ifland  in  the  Weft.  In- 
dies, which,  when  in  the  hands  of  the 
Dutch,  was  called  Ntw  Vulfbtrtnt  is. 
about  10  leagues  to  the  N.  of  Trinidad, 
and  40  S.  of  Barbadoes.^,   Its  length  it\ 
about  yi  miles,  but  its  breadth  only- 
about  as,,  and  its  circumference  aboul> 
80  miles..    The  climate  is  not  lb  hot  a»,, 
might  be  cxpe,fted  lb  near  the  equator  j^ 
and  it  is  faid  that;  it  liesoutof  thecourle 
of  thofe  hurricanes'  that  have  fi.metimes. 
proved  ib  fatal  to  the  other  Weft- India, 
lilands.     It  has  a  fruitful  Dbil,  capable 
of  producing  i'ugar,  and  indeed  every 
thing  ehe  that  is  raifed  in  the  Weft. 
India  Ifiands,  with  the  addition  (if  we, 
may  believe  the  Dutch)  of  the  cinna- 
mon,  nuimeg     and  gum  copal.     It  it, 
well  watered  with  ntimcrous  fprings  j,, 
and  its  bays  Si^d  rivers. are  fodiipoledi 
as  to  be  very  commodious  for  all  kinds, 
of  fliipping.     The  value  and  impor- 
tance of  this  ifiand,  appears  from  the: 
extenfive    and    formidable  armaments. 
lent  thither  in  fupport  of  their  different, 
claims.     It  feems.  to  have  been  chiefly 
poillfled  by  the  Dutch,,  who  defended 
their  pretenfions  againft  both  £ngland> 
and   France,   with  the  moft  obltinats 
perfeverance.     By  the  treaty  of  Aix  la< 
Chapelle,  in  1748,  it  was  declared  neu-. 
tral }  though  by  the  treaty  of  .1763,  it, 
was  yielded  up  to  Great  Britain  \  but. 
in  June,   17S1,   it  was   taken  by  the. 
JFrench,    and    ceded    to  them   by  the 
treaty  of  17835    and  captured  by  the? 
British  in  i7(;3.     N.  lat.  11.  16.  W.. 
long.  60.  30. 

ToflAGO  Jfiand,  Little,  near  the  N.. 
E.  extreUiity  uf  Tobago  liland,  in  the 
Welt  Indies.     It   is  about  two  miles 
long,  and  one  broad. 

Toby's  Crtekt  and  eaftern  branch  of 
Alleghany  rivtr,,  in  Pennfylvania ;  its 
iuuthern  head  water  is  called  Little 
J  oby's  Creek.  It  luns  about  55  mi  es 
in  a  \V.  S.  W.  and  VV.  courfe,  and  en- 
ters the  Allrghany  about  20  mileti  below 
Fort  Franklin.  It  is  deep  enough  for 
batteaux  for  a  conlideruble  way  up, 
thence  by  a  fljort  pafTage  to  the  W. 
brunch  o?  Sulquehannah,  by  which  a, 
goud  ct)mmunicatiun  '"\  formed  between. 

Ohio^ 


*    TOM 

Ottio,  and  lh«  eaftem  parti  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

TocAYMA,  a  city  of  Terra  Firma, 
and  in  New  Granada. 

TocosAHATCHBE  Cretk,  a  water  of 
Oakmulgee  riveri  in  Georgia. 

Tolland,  a  county  of  Conne£Vic»t, 
bounded  N.  by  the  State  of  Maflkcliii- 
iett«,  S.  by  New-London  co.  E.  by 
Windham,  and  W.  by  Hartford  co. 
It  is  fubdivided  into  9  townfhips,  and 
contains  13,106  inhabitaius,  including 
47  (laves.  A  great  proportion  of  the 
county  is  hilly,  but  the  (oil  is  generally 
firong  and  good  for  ginzing. 

T6LLAND,  the^  chief  town  of  the 
above' county,  was  incorporated  in  171  j, 
and  is  about  18  miles  N.  E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  Congregational  clnu'ch,  court- 
houie,  gaol,  and  ao  or  30  haufes,  com- 
paflly  built,  in  the  centre  of  the  town. 

TOLV,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America,  with  a  harbour  on  a  bay  of 
the  N.  Sea.  The  famous  balfam  ot  the 
fame  name  comes  from  this  place )  114 
miles  S.  W.  of  Carthagena.  N.  lat.  9. 
36.  long.  75.  a*. 

Tomaco,  a  large  river  of  Popayan, 
and  Terra  Firma,  S.  America,  about  9 
miles  N.  E.  of  Galla  Ifle.  About  a 
league  and  a  half  within  the  river  \z  an 
Indian  town  of  the  fame  name,  and  but 
finall,  the  inhabitants  of  which  common- 
ly Aipply  fmall  veifels  with  provifions, 
when  they  put  in  here  for  refrefli- 
mtnt.   . 

ToMAHA>VK  JJtand^  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Patagonia,  is  24  miles  N.  £.  oi^  beal's 
Bay. 

Tomb  A  Rhrr,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
is  between  the  port  ot  Hilo  and  the  river 
of  Xuly  or  Chuly.  There  is  anchorage 
againftthis  river  in  20  fathoms,  and 
clean  ground.  Lat.  17.  50.  S. 
•  ToMBiGBBE  Ri'ver,  is  the  dividing 
line  between  the  Creeks  end  Chadlaws. 
Above  the  jun^ion  of  Alabama  and 
Mobile  rivers,  the  latter  is  called  the 
Tombigbee  river,  from  the  tort  of  Tom- 
bigbee,  fituated  on  the  welt  fide  of  it, 
about  96  miles  above  the  town  of  Mo- 
bile, The  fource  ot  this  river  is  reck- 
oned to  be  40  leagues  higher  up,  in  the 
country  ot  the  Chickafaws.  The  tort 
of  Tombigbee  was  captured  by  tiie 
Britifh,  but  abandoned  by  them  in  1767. 
Tht^  river  is  navigable  for  iloops  aiid 
fchooneis,  about  35  leagues  above  the 
iowji  of  Mobile  ;  1 30  American  fami- 


TON',  5JI 

( lies  are  ftttled  on  this  river,  that  Iim* 
been  Spaniflt  fubjeSs  fince  17S3. 

ToMiNA,  a  jurifdiftion  in  tlie  arch- 
biihopric  of  La  Plata  in  Peru.  It  he- 
gins  about  1 8  leagues  S.  •£«  from  ite 
city  of  Plata ;  on  iu  eaftem  confined 
dwrll  a  nation  of  wild  Indians,'  called 
Chiri^ianos.  It  abounds  with  wine^ 
fugar  and  cattle,  ' 

T0MI8  <tNiNO,a  lake  of  N.  Ameri* 
ca,  which  lends  its  waters  fouth.eaft« 
ward  through  Ottawas  river,  into  Lake 
St.  Francis  in  St.  Lawrence  river.  The 
line  which  feparates  Upper  from  Low. 
er  Canada,  runs  up  to  this  lake  by*: 
line  drawn  due  north,  until  it  ftrike* 
the  boundary  line  of  Hudfon's  Bay,  or 
New-Britain. 

ToMPsONTOWN,  a  village  of  Penn^ 
fylvania,  in  Mifflin  co.  containing  about 
a  dozen  houi'ea.  it  is  la  miles  front 
Lewiftown. 

Tom's  Creek,  in  New  Jerfey,  which 
feparates  the  towns  ot  Dover  and 
Shrewft)ury. 

Tondelo,  a  river  at  the  bottom  of 
the  Gulf  of  Campeacliy,  in  the  S.  W, 
part  of  theGuitof  Mexico;  15  niilct 
due  weft  of  St.  Annes,  and  24  eaft  of 
Guafickwalp.  It  is  navigable  for  barget 
and  othtr  vcfll-ls  of  from  50  to  60  tons. 

ToNEWANTO,  the  name  of  a  crecic 
and  Indian  town,  in  the  north-weftem 
part  of  New- York.  The  creek  runs  a 
weftward  couric  and  enters  Niagara  riv> 
er  oppofite  Grand  liland,  i  miles  N* 
of  Fort  Erie.  It  runs  about  40  miles, 
and  is  navigable  28  miles  irom  its  mouth.- 
The  town  ttands  on  its  S.  fide,  18  miles 
from  Niac^ara  river.  AKb  the  Indian 
name  of  Fiftiing  Bay,  on  Lakt  Ontario. 

TONGATABOO,  one  of  the  Friendly. 
Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  about 
60  miles  in  circuit,  but  rather  oblong, 
and  widefl  at  the  eaft  end.  It  hag  a 
rocky  coaft,  except  to  the  N.  fide, 
which  is  full  of  Ihuals  and  iflands,  and 
the  ftiore  is  low  and  landy.  It  fui-niflie» 
the  bcft  harbour  or  anchorage  to  be 
found  in  thti'e  iflamls.  The  ifland  is 
all  laid  out  in  plantations,  between 
which  are  roads  and  lanes  for  traveiiing, 
drawn  in  a  very  judicious  manner  fOr 
opening  an  enly  ccmmunication  from 
orte  part  of  the  ifland  to  another.  S. 
lat.  2 1 .  9 ,  W.  long.  1 74. 46.  Variation 
of  the  needle,  in  1777,  was  9.  53,  E.  . 

ToNiCAS.    See  Feint  Coupee. 

To  NT  I,  an  ifland  at  the  iiKwtb<.^«if 


914  T  O  > 

Lake  D*Vrfc,  at  the  Mflem  extremity 
•f  Like  Ontario,  it  within  the  Britifh 
<trritoriM  |  ii  miles  N.  E.  of  Point  an 
OoelauH,  and  la  W.  of  Grand  Ifland, 
luiving  fcveral  ifle*  between  it  and  tlie 
iatter. 

^  ToNTli  ar  Tfmlv,  a  riverwhich  emp- 
tiea  through  the  N.  Ihorc  of  Lake  Erie ; 
%t  miles  W.  by  N.  of  JRivieie  a  la 
Barhue. 

ToNTORAL,  Cupt,  on  the  eoaft  of 
Chili,  in  8.  America,  15  league*  to  the 
K.  of  Ouafca,  and  in  lat.  »7.  30.  8. 

TooBAVAl,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl* 
Imda,  in  ithc  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  not  more 
than  5  or  6  miles  acrol's  in  any  parti 
S.  lat.  1].  t5.  W.  long.  149.  s). 

ToosCHCOMDOLCU,  an  Indian  vil- 
lage on  the  N.  W.  coaftof  N.  America, 
o4  confiderable  im]x>rtance  in  the  fiir- 
trade }  (Ituated  on  a  point  of  land  be- 
tween two  deep  (bunds.  N.  lat.  53.  a* 
W.  long.  i:ii.  30. 

TooTOOCH,  a  fniall  low  ifland  in 
Nootka  Sound,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
Korth- America,  on  the  eaftern  fide  of 
which  is  a  confidirable  Indian  village  { 
the  inhabitants  of  which  wear  i  garment 
Apparently  compoi'ed  of  wool  and  hair, 
snoftly  wnitc^  well  fabricated,  and  pro- 
bably by  themfclves. 

Topi  A,  a  mountainous,  barren  part 
«f  New.Bifcay  province  in  Mexico, 
North- America  5  yet  molt  of  the  neigh- 
bouring parts  are  pleafant,  abounding 
with  all  manner  of  proviHons. 

Top«FiEi.D,  a  townfliip  of  Maffi- 
chufetts,  Eflex  co.  containing  7S0  in- 
habitants. It  is  8  miles  wellerly  of 
Ipfwich,  and  39  N.  by  E.  of  Rofton. 

TOPSHAM,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
in  Orange  co.  wtft  of  Newbury,  adjoin- 
ing. Ii  is  watered  by  fome  branclus 
of  Wait's  river,  and  contains  16  z  In- 
Jiabitants. 

T0P6HAM,  a  townfljip  of  the  Difti ift 
of  Maine,  in  Lincoln  co.  3s  miles  in 
circumfirfnce,  and  more  than  %$  nules 
is  waflied  by  water.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  W.  by  Little  river ;  N.  by  Bow- 
doin,  and  Bowdoinham  ■,  E.  by  Cath- 
ance  and  Merry  Meeting  Bay  j  S.  and 
S.  W.  by  Amaril'coggin  river,  which 
ftpnrate§  it  from  Brunlwick  in  Cumber- 
land county.  The  inhabitants  amount 
to  8s6  fouls,  and  they  live  in  iiich  eafy 
'CircumlVances,  thnt  none  have  ever  been 
fo  poor  as  to  Iblicit  help  from  the  pa 
iiOi.    It  wu  incorporated  in  136^,   A 


TOR 

few  Xnglifli  attempted  t«  fettle  htn  to 
the  end  of  the  laft,  or  beginning  of  th« 

Erefent  century.  Thefe  were  cut  off 
y  the  natircs.  Some  fiimilice  ventured 
to  fettle  in  this  haiardous  fituation  in 
1730 }  from  which  period,  until  th« 
peace  of  1763,  the  Inhabitants  never  felt 
wholly  fecure  from  the  natives.  It  i* 
37  mUes  S.  by  W.  of  Hallowell,  and 
1 56  N.  by  E.  of  Bofton }  and  is  nearly 
in  lat.  44..  N.  and  long.  70.  W. 

ToRBAY,  a  town  on  the  eaftern  coaft 
of  Nova.  Scotia  {  ax  mUes  S.  W.  oC 
Roaring  Bull  Ifland,  and  too  N.  E.  <^ 
Halifax. 

ToRBBK,  a  village  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  the  loath  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo }  sleaguesN.  W.uf  Ava-. 
die  Ifland. 

TORMBNTIN  Gi/r,  on  theW.  fide 
of  the  Straits  of  Northtimberland,  or 
Sound,  between  the  iiland  of  St.  John'c 
and  the  E,  coaft  of  Nova  Scotia,  is  the 
N.  point  of  the  entrance  to  Bay  Vvrt. 
It  is  due  weft  from  Governor's  Ifland^ 
on.  the  S.  E.  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  SU 
John's.  In  fome  maps  this  point  ia 
called  Cape  Storm. 

Toronto,  a  Britifli  fettlement  on 
the  north- weiiern  bank  of  Lake  Onta« 
rio,  53  miles  N.  by  VV.  of  Fort  Niaga- 
ra.   N.  lat.  44.  I.  W.  long.  79.  10. 

ToRRiNCTONi  or  Bedford's  Bay,  on 
the  foiithern  coaft  of  Nova-  Scotia,  and 
its  entrance  is  at  America  Point,  about 
3  miles  N.  of  the  town  of  Hilifax.  It 
has  from  10  to  13  fathoms  a^  its  mouth, 
but  the  bay  is  almofl  circalar,  and  has 
from  14  to  50  f;uhonis  water  in  it.  A 
proillgious  fi:a  fets  into  it  in  winter. 

ToRRiNGTON,  a  townfliip  of  Con- 
neflicut,  in  Litchfield  co.  8  miles  N.  of 
LiichJicKi. 

Tortoises,  the  River  i>J\  lies  lo 
miles  above  a  lake  ?o  miles  long,  and  8 
or  10  bread,  which  is  formed  by  the 
Mifiifippi  in  Louifiana  and  Florida.  It 
is  a  large  fine  river,  which  runs  into  the 
country  a  good  way  to  the  N.  £.  ami 
is  navigable  40  miles  by  the  largeft 
boats. 

ToRTVE,  an  ifland  on  the  N.  fide  of 
the  iiland  of  St  -Domingo,  towards  the 
N.  W.  part,  about  9  leagues  long  from 
E.  to  W.  and  s  broad.  The  W.  eml 
is  nearly  6  leagues  fi"om  the  head  of  the 
bay  of  Moftiqiie.  The  frte-booters 
and  buccanicrs  drove  the  Spaniards  from 
this  iflaiid  in  t-632 }  in  1638,  the  Spa- 

niaiiift 


T  08 

•*Mrdi  maflacred  all  the  French  colony  i 
»iu)  in  1639,  the  buccaniers  retook 
Tortue.  In  1676,  the  French  took  poi'- 
feflionofitagain. 

ToiiTU«A8,  Dry,  flioalt  to  the  weft, 
vraitl,  a  little  foutherly  from  Cape  Flori- 
da, or  the  8.  Point  of  Florida,  in  South- 
America.  They  are  1 34-  leagues  from 
the  bar  of  Penl'acola,  and  in  lat.  14.  3a. 
N.  and  I  ng.  83.  40.  W.  They  con- 
All  of  10  i'mall  iilands  or  keys,  and  ex- 
tend E.  N.  E.  and  W.  S.  W.  10  or 
1 1  miles }  moft  of  them  are  covered 
.with  buihes,  and  may  be  feen  at  the  dif- 
tance  of  four  leagu'  s.  The  fouth  welt 
Key  is  one  o^  the  imalleft,  but  the  niott 
niaterial  to  he  known,  is  in  lat.  14.  3». 
N.  and  long.  S3.  40.  W.  From  the 
S.  W.  part  of  thiii  key,  a  reef  of  coral 
rocks  extends  about  a  (]uarter  of  a  mile } 
the  water  upon  it  is  vilihly  dii'co- 
loured. 

ToRTUCAs  Harbour,  Turtle's 
Harbour,  or  Barraco  de  Tortugas,  on  the 
coall  of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  is  60 
leagues  at  £.  S.  E.  from  the  point  or 
cape  of  Arbrafec,  or  Des  Arhres  Sec, 
and  the  lliore  is  flat  ali  the  way  from 
theguif ot  Maranhao. 

ToRTUOAS,  an  ifland  fo  named  from 
the  great  number  of  turtle  found  near 
it,  is  near  the  N.  W,  part  of  the  illand 
of  St.  Domingo.    See  Tortue, 

T0RTUOA8,  or  Saf  Tortuga,  is  near 
the  W.  end  of  New- Andalufia  and  Ter- 
ra Firma.  It  is  uninliahited,  alihough 
about  30  miles  in  circumference,  and 
a'>ounding  with  fait.  N.  lat.  11.  36. 
W.  long.  65.  It  is  14  leagues  to  the 
well  of  Mar^aritta  Iflaiid,  and  17  or  18 
from  Cape  Blanco  on  the  main.  There 
are  mnny  iflands  of  this  name  on  the 
north  coaft  of  South-America. 

ToRTUOAS  Point,  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  and  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
is  the  Ibuth  point  of  the  }>urt  of  Co- 
qnimbo,  and  7  or  8  leagues  from  the 
Pajaros  Idands.  Tortugas  road  is 
round  the  point  of  the  lame  name,  where 
fhips  may  ride  in  from  6  to  10  fathouis, 
over  a  bottom  of  black  fund,  near  a  rock 
called  the  Tortugas.  The  road  is  well 
flieltered,  but  will  not  contain  above  zo 
or  30  fliips  lafely.  Ships  not  more  than 
400  tons  burden  may  careen  on  the  Tor- 
tugas rock. 

TosquiATOSsy  Creek,  a  north  head 
water  of  Alleghany  rivsr,  whofe  mouth 
is  call  of  Squeaughta  Creek,  and  17 


T  R  A  f  {f 

milei  north-wefierly  of  ths  Jcbits  Tvum  % 
which  fee. 

ToTOWA,  a  place  or  village  at  the 
Great  Falls  inPaflaik  river,  New-Jerfey^ 
Tottery,  a  river  which  cmptMi 
through  the  fouth-eafttm  bank  of  the 
Ohio,  and  n  navigable  with  battetox 
to  the  Ouafiato  Mountains.  It  ii  a 
long  river,  and  ha*  few  branches,  and 
interlocks  with  Red  Creek,  or  Clinch«*< 
ri  ver ,  a  branch  of  the  Tenneflee.  It  hae 
below  the  mountains,  efpecially  for  15 
miles  from  its  mouth,  very  good  land. 
Toit LON,  a  tqwnfliip  of  New-York, 
in  Ontario  co.  In  1796,  93  of  the  in- 
habitants were  eleAors. 

TowcRHiLL,  a  village  in  the  town, 
fliip  of  South-Kingftown,  Rhode- Ifland, 
where  a  polf-ofHce  is  kept.  It  is  16 
miles  welt  of  Newport,  and  %%%  from 
Philadelphia. 

TowNSHBND,  a  townlhip  of  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  well  of  Weftminftcr 
and  Putney,  containing  676  inhahitantg. 
TowNSHEND,  a  townfhipof  Middle, 
fex  CO.  Mairachuli:tts,  containing  ^j 
inhabitants.  It  was  incorporated  in 
i71*»and  lies  45  miles  northward  of- 
Bolton. 

TowNSHEND,  aharbouron  the  coaft 
of  the  Diltri£t  of  Maine,  where  is  a  bold 
harbour,  having  9  fathoms  water,  flielr 
tvrcd  from  all  winds.  High  water,  at 
full  -and  change,  45  miiuues  after  10 
o'clock. 

Tracapuche,  now  Car'eton,  on  the 
northern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  about 
S  liiagues  from  the  great  river  Cafqui. 
pil)iHC  in  a  S.  W.  dire£tion,  and  is  a 
place  ot  conliderable  trade  in  cod-fifli» 
&c.  Between  the  townfhip  and  the  riv*r 
Calquipibiac,  is  the  fmall  village  of 
Maria. 

Tkanquilhty,  a  place  in  Suflex 
CO.  New-Jcrley,  8  miles  foutherly  of 
Newtown. 

Trap,  a  village  in  Talbot  co.  Mary- 
land; about  6  miles  t>.  E-  of  Oxford. 

Trap,  TAf,  a  village  of  Pcnnlylvania, 
in  Montgomery  co.  havins?  about  a  doz- 
en houi'cii,  and  a  German  LMtlieran  aiil 
Calvinitt  church  united.  It  is  9  milea. 
from  Morrillown,  1 1  from  Pottlgrovey 
and  26  from  Piiiladel]>hia. 

Trap,  a  vilLige  of  Maiyland,  in  So- 
merfet  co.  fituated  at  1  he  h^ad  of  Wi- 
comico  Creek,  a  branch  of  the  liver 
Wicomico,  7  miles  fouth-vveft  of  Salif- 
bury,  and  6  north  of  Princels  Ann. 

Traptowjt, 


S$« 


TR  E 


Traptowk,  a  village  of  Maryland, 
In  Frederick  co.  fitiiated  on  Coto£lin 
Creek,  between  the  South  nnd  Cotoftin 
Mountains,  and  7  milei  fouthwefterly 
of  Fredericktown. 

Traversb  Bay,  Great,  lie*  on  the 
N.  E,  corner  of  Lnke  Michigan.  It 
has  a  narrow  entrance,  and  fets  up  into 
the  land  fouth-eaftward,  and  receives 
Trsvcrferive'-  from  fheE. 

Treadhaven  C«^iJ,  a  fmali  branch 
•f  Choptank  river.  . 

Treasury  IJIamft,  form  a  part  of 
Mr.  Shortiand's  New-Georgia,  (Sur- 
vUle's  Archipelago  of  the  Arfacides) 
lying  from  6.  38.  to  7.  30.  S.  lat.  and 
from  155.  34..  to  156.  E.  long,  from 
Greenwich.    See  Arfacides,  Sec. 

Trench E  Mont  River,  a  fmall 
jivcr  of  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  It  emp- 
ties into  tlie  Tea  3  or  4  leagues  to  the 
weftward  of  the  eaftern  extremity  of  the 
iAand. 

Tr  ECOTHfC,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton 
CO.  New-Hampfnire,  incorporated  in 
1769. 

Trent,  a  fmall  river  of  K.  Carolina, 
which  falls  into  Neus  river,  at  New- 
born. It  is  ..  vigable  for  fea  veflTels,  la 
miles  above  ti.c  town,  and  for  boats  xo. 
See  Neut. 

Trenton,  is  one  of  the  largeft  towns 
in  New-Jerfey,  and  the  metropolis  of  the 
the  State,  fituatcd  in  Hunterdon  co.  on 
the  E.  fide  of  Delaware  river,  oppofite 
the  fall?,  and  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the 
State  from  *N.  to  8.  The  river  is  not 
navigable  above  thefe  falls,  except  for 
boats  which' will  cany  from  500  fo  700 
bufiiels  of  wheat.  This  town,  with 
Lamherton,  which  joins  it  on  the  fouth, 
contains  between  «oo  and  300  houfes, 
an<l  about  z,ooo  inhabitants.  Here  the 
leg'-flature  ftatedly  meets,  the  fHpreme 
court  fits,  and  moft  of  the  public  offices 
are  kept.  The  inhabitants  have  lately 
ere6ied  a  h^ndfome'  tourt-hou(e,  100 
fcet  by  30,  with  afemi-hexagon  at  each 
end,  over  which  is  a  balullrade.  Here 
are  alto  a  church  for  Epifcopniians,  one 
for  Prefbytcrians,  one  for  Methodifts, 
and  a  Qiinkcr  meeting-houfe.  In  the 
ncighboiirliood  of  this  plenfant  town,  are 
a  great  many  gentlemen's  fears,  finely 
fituated  on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware, 
and  ornamented  wifh  tafte  ami  elegance. 
Here  is  a  flnvu-ifhing  acaJemy.  ft  is 
xa  miles  S.  W.  of  Princeton,  30  from , 


TR  I 

Brunfwick,  Rnd  30  N.  E.  of  PhiladU* 
phia.   N.  lat.  40.  1 5.  W.  long.  74. 15, 

Trenton,  a  fmaU  poft.town  of  the 
Dilitrifl  of  Maine,  Hancock  co.  1 1  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Sullivan,  31  N.  E.  by  E. 
of  Penobfcot,  a86  N.  E.  of  Bofton,  and 
633  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia.  This  towp 
is  near  Defert  liland  ;  and  in  a  part  of 
it  called  7i>e  Narrows,  were  about  4* 
families  in  1796. 

Trenton,  the  chief  town  of  Jonet*" 
county,  N.  Carolina,  fituated  on  the  S. 
fide  of  Trent  river.  It  contains  but 
few  houfes,  befides  the  court-houfe  and 
gaol.  It  is  511  miles  from  Philadi;!- 
phia. 

Trepassi  Bay,  or  Trejpajss  Bayt 
and  Harbour,  on  the  ibiith  fide  of  New- 
foundland Ifland,  near  the  S.  £.  part, 
and  about  ai  miles  to  the  N.  weftwardl 
of  Cape  Race,  the  S.  E.  point  of  the 
ifland.  The  harbour  is  largv.-,  well  fe- 
cured,  and  (he  ground  good  to  anchor 
in. 

Trianole  TJlatrd,  a  fmall  ifland,  one 
of  *he  Bahamas.  N.  lat.  lo.  '51.  W, 
Ion  '.  69.  53. 

Triangle  Shoals,  lie  to  the  weft- 
ward  of  the  pcnindila  of  Yucatan,  near 
the  E.  fliore  of  the  Bay  of  Campeachy, 
nearly  W.  of  CapeCondecedo.  N.  lat, 
17.  5.  W.  long.  III.  59. 

Trieste  Bay,  on  the  conft  of  Ter- 
ra Firma,  is  nearly  due  fouth  from  Bor 
nair  Ifland,  one  of  the  little  Antilles,  to 
the  eaft  of  Curaflbu  Ifland. 

Trieste  I/land,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the 
bottom  of  the  Gulf  of  Campeachy, 
weftward  of  Port  Royal  Ifland,  about 
3  leagues  from  E.  to  W.  The  creek 
which  fcpcrates  it  from  Port  Royal 
Ifland  Is,  Icarceiy  broad  enough  to  ad- 
mit a  canoe.  Good  frefli  water  will  be 
got  by  digging  5  or  6  tect  deep  in  the 
fait  fand  ;  at  a  lefs  d.*pth  it  is  brackiOi 
and  fait,  and  at  a  greater  depth  than  6 
feet  it  is  fait  again. 

Trinidad,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  due  E.  offSpiritu  San- 
to, in  Brazil.  S.  lat.  70.  30.  W.  long. 
41.  ao.    It  is  alio  called  Trinity. 

Trinidad,  or  Trinidada  IJland,  near 
tlw  coaft  of  Terra  Firma,  at  the  north 
part  of  S.  America.  It  partly  forms 
the  Gulf  of  Paria,  or  Bocca  del  Drago^ 
and  is  much  larger  than  any  other  u)K)n. 
the  coall.  It  is  36  leagues  in  length, 
and  1 8  or  10  in  breadth,  but  the  climate 
is  rather  unhealthy,  aikl  little  of  it  is 

cleared* 


TR  I 

fitared.  The  current  fett  fo  ftrong 
along  the  coaft  from  £.  to  W.  a»  to 
render  moft  of  its  bays  and  harbours 
Vfcltfi.  It  proituccs  uigar,  Ane  tobac* 
co»  indigOf  ginger,  a  variety  of  iruit, 
fome  cotton,  and  Indian  corn.  It  wa» 
taken  by  Sic  Walter  Raleigh,  in  1595, 
and  by  the  French  in  1676,  who  plun- 
dered the  iHand,  and  extorted  money 
from  the  inhabitants.  It  was  captured 
by  the  Britifli  in  February,  1797.  It 
is  fituated  between  59.  and  61.  W. 
long,  and  in  10  N.  lat.  The  N.  £. 
point  lies  in  lat.  10.  28.  N.  and  long. 
59.  37.  W.  The  chief  town  is  St. 
Jofcph. 

Trinidad,  La,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
in  the  province  of  Guatiinala,  on  the 
banks  or  the  river  Btlen,  ix  milts  from 
the  Tea  }  but  the  road  is  aiinoll  impafla- 
ble  by  land.  It  is  70  miles  S.  E.  of 
Guatimala,  and  24  ea(t  of  La  C(m< 
ception.     N.  lat.  13.  W.  long.  91.  40. 

TaiNiDAO,  La,  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  Kthmus  of  Darien,  lies  eailward 
of  Bocca  del  Toro,  and  ibme  cluikr'i  of 
fmali  iflands,  and  S.  W.  of  Porto  Hel- 
lo and  FortChagre.  N.  lat.  8.  30.  W. 
iong.  81.  30. 

Trinidad,  oj-  La  Sonfonale  Port,  a 
•town  on  a  bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
about  65  miles  S.E.  of  Petapa,  and  162 
from  the  town  of  Guatimala.  All  the 
goods  that  are  fent  from  Peru  snd  Mex- 
ico to  Acaxatla,  about  la  miles  from  ir, 
are  brought  to  this  port.  It  is  9  miles 
from  the  town  to  the  harbour,  which  is 
much  frequented,  and  is  a  place  of  great 
■trade ;  beini?  the  neareft  landing  to  Gua- 
timala  for  fliips  that  come  from  Peru, 
Panama,  and  Mexico. 

Trinidad,  La,  one  of  the  fea  ports 
on  the  foutli  part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
in  the  Well-Indies;  fituated  N.  W. 
from  the  welt  end  of  the  groupe  of  iflands 
called  Jardin  de  la  Reyna.  N.  lat.  21. 
40.  W.  long.  80.  50. 

Trinidad,  La,  an  open  town  of  Ve- 
ragua,  and  audience  of  Mexico,  in  ^N. 
America. 

Trinibad  Channel,  has  the  ifland  of 
Tobago  on  the  N.  W.  and  that  ol  Tri- 
nidad un  the  fbuth. 

Trinidad,  or  Trinity,  a  town  of 
^ew-Granada,  and  Terra  firma,  in  S. 
America,abouta3milesN.P^ofSt.  Fe. 

Trinity  Bay,  on  the  ealt  ijde  ot 
Newfoundland  Iflanc),  between  lat.  47. 
53.  30.  wki^%.  37.  N. 


THO 


5$» 


* 


TuiiiTT  Port,  a  Iar?:e  bay  of  Mar. 
tinico  Ifland,  in  the  Weft-Indies,  form> 
1x1  on  the  fouth-eaft  by  Point  Caravelle. 
Tkinitv  IJU,  lies  near  the  coaftof 
Patagonia,  in  S.  America,  caftward««f 
York  Iflands.     S<  lar.  50.  37. 

Trinity  IJl',  the  north-eallernmdft 
of  the  fmall  iflands  on  the  foutb-cafi 
coait  of  the  peninlula  of  Alaika,  on  the 
N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  N.  E.  of 
Foggy  Iflands. 

Trio,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
S.  America. 

Tristo,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft  of 
S.  America,  is  w.  S.  W.  of  the  river 
Turiano.  It  has  good  anchorage  and  it 
well  flieltered  ;  I'om  tlie  fwell  ol  the  fea. 
Trivigillo  Bay,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Honduras,  or  Ibutl.  fliore  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  is  within  the  ifland  of  Pines*, 
Dulce  river  lies  a  little  to  the  weft. 

Trocauie,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  N« 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  lying 
oft'  the  mouth  of  Shimene  Port,  and  in 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Trois  Rivieres,  a  bay  at  the  eaft  end 
of  the  above-mentioned  Ifland  of  St. 
John's,  and  weft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland. 
Three  ftreams  fall  into  it  from  difterent 
directions  }  hence  its  name.  N.  latr 
46.  5.  W.  long.  6i.  15. 

Trois  Ki-vieres,  or  the  Tbrrs  Rtver/p- 
or  Treble  River,  a  town  of  Lower  Ca- 
nada, fettled  by  the  French  in  i6iO| 
and  is  fo  called  from  tlie  junction  of 
three  waters  a  little  below  the  town* 
where  they  fall  into  the  river  bt.  Law* 
rence.  The  town  ftands  on  the  north* 
ern  bank  of  the  St., Lawrence,  at  that 
pai  t  of  the  river  called  Lake  St.  Pierre. 
It  is  but  thinly  inhabited }  is  commodi. 
oufly  fituated  .for  the  fur  trade,  and  was 
formerly  the  feat  of  the  French  govern-, 
ment,  and  the  grand  mart  to  which  the 
natives  rclbrted*  It  is  pleafantiy  fltuat> 
ed  in  a  fertile  country,  about  50  miles 
Ibuth-weft  of  Quebec.  The  inhabitant* 
are  nioftly  rich,  and  have  elegant,  well 
furnilhed  houl'es,  hhJ  the  country  round 
wears  a  fine  appearance.  N.  lat.  46. 
51.  W.  long.  75.  15. 

Trqmpeaur,  Cape,  del  Enganaa, 
or  Falfe  Cape,  is  the  eafternmoft  point 
of  the  iflaiid  of  St.  Domipgo.  N.  lat. 
jS.  25,  W.  long,  from  Piris  71. 

Tropic  Ke<s,  are  fmall  iflands  or 
rocks,  on  the  nortli  of  Crab  Ifland,  and 
off  the  eaft  coaft  of  Porto  Rico  Iflmd, 
A  nutJKbei  of  iro|)ic  birds  Ijreed  l)cre, 


»f« 


r%\j 


rhich  are  a  fpcciet  never  fcen  but  ht- 
twecn  the  tropici. 

TiiO(^OB»,  a  bajr  at  the  fouthem 
cxtitmit]^  of  the  caftern  part  of  Lake 
Htfroiif  leparated  from  Matchiidocli  Bay 
Ol  the  N.  E.  by  a  brcnd  promuntory. 

Tlto<^u(^A,  an  illumt  on  the  north 
coaft  of  S.  America,  in  the  mouth  of  a 
finall  bay  near  Cape  Scco,  a  fliort  way 
ft.  £.  from  the  eaft  point  of  the  bay  or 
river  Tarattira. 

Trou  Jacob,  on  the  fouth  iide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  From  this 
^o  Cape  Beate,  or  Cape  «  Foux,  the  fhorc 
ia  rocky. 

Trov,  Lb,  afettlement  in  the  north* 
cm  part  of  the  French  divifion  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  It  is  5J  leajgues 
£.  of  Ouanaminthe,  and  a  S.  E.  ot  Li- 
monade.  N.  lat.  19.  35.  W.  long, 
from  Paris  74..  a«. 

Troy,  a  poft-town  of  New-York, 
Renfl'elaer  co.  6  miles  north  of  Albany, 
3  S.  of  Lanlinburg  city,  and  27 1  from 
Philadelphia.  Thi  townfliip  of  Troy 
is  bounded  E.  by  Pelerlburg,  and  was 
Jaken  from  Renflelaerwyck  townfliip^ 
and  incorporated  in  ly^t.  In  1796, 
550  of  the  inhabitants  were  t-le6lors. 
Seven  years  aj^o,  the  I'cite  of  the  flourifh- 
ing  village  of  Troy  was  covered  with 
^ocks  and  herds,  and  the  fpot  on  which 
k  fchool,  containing  160  fcholars,  is  now 
cre£led,  was  then  probably  a  fheepfold. 
The  fchool  is  under  the  direct  ton  of  3 
Ichoolmaflers,  and  is  a  rery  promiiing 
feiuinary. 

Truro,  a  town  of  Nova-Scotia,  fi- 
tuated  in  Halifax  co.  at  the  head  of  the 
Bafin  of  Minas,  oppofite  to,  and  3  miles 
fcutherly  of,  Onflow  j  40  miles  Nv  by 
Pf,  of  Halifax,  and  40  from  Pi6lou. 
tt  was  fettled  by  the  North-Iridi,  fome 
Scotch,  and  the  delcendants  of  Nortn- 
Irifli.  Through  this  town  runs  the 
•jfiver  called  by  the  Indians  Shubbena- 
Clgdie,  navigable  for  boats  to  within  9 
miles  of  Fort  Sackwille. 

Truro,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachufetts, 
£tuated  in  Barnflable  county,  lies  be- 
tween lat.  41.  S7>  and  42.  4.  N.  and 
between  long.  70.  4.  and  70.  13.  W. 
it  is  on  the  eaftcrninofl:  part  of  the  pen- 
Ihfola  of  Capte  Cod,  57  miles  S.  E.  of 
Boflon,  inaltraight  line,  but  as  t^ieroad 
ruus  it  is  1 1  a,  and  40  from  the  court- 
hpufe  of  Bamflable.  It  is  the  Paaet 
of  the  Indians,  and  and  after  its  fettle- 
fneot,  m  1700  was  ibtne  tinae.  caUpd 


Dotfger^iUi  it  ^M  incorporated  ai^Mf 
its  prelcnt  name  in  1700,  and  containa 
1,193  inhabitants.     Only  one  family  of 
Indians  remained  a  few  years  fince,  and 
lived  on  Pamtt  Pciiti,     In  the  valley 
called  Grtat  HtUaw,  a  creek  feti  up 
from  the  hay,  at  the  mouth  of  which  ia 
a  tide  harbour.      The  other  landing, 
places  arc  of  fmall  note.    Pamtt  Har- 
bour is  about  100  yards  wide  at  the 
mouth,  but  is  wider  within  {  and  if  re- 

fiaired  would  be  of  public  utility.  It 
ies  above  3  leagues  S.  E.  of  Cape-Cod 
harbour.  The.  hill  on  which  the  m«et. 
ing-houfe  ftands  branches  from  the  high 
land  of  Cape-Cod,  well  known  to  fea- 
men.  The  mountain  of  clay  in  Truro» 
in  the  midft  of  fandy  hills,  fcems  to 
have  been  placed  there  by  the  God  of 
Nature,  to  ferve  as  a  foundation  for  a 
light-houfe,  which  if  erected  might  fave 
the  lives  of  thoufands,  and  millions  of 
property.  The  foil  of  Truro  is,  in 
molt  places,  fandy,  like  Provincetown  ) 
and  the  inhabitantsderive  their  pi  inci- 
pal  fubfiftcnce  from  the  ilea,  which  here 
abounds  with  vaft  variety  of  fifli.  Greac 
part  of  their  corn  and  vegetables  are  pro- 
cured from  Bollon  and  the  neighbour- 
ing towns.  Two  inhabitants  of  Truro, 
Captains  David  Smith  and  Gamaliel 
Coliings,  were  the  firft  who  ad'<entured 
to  Falkland*Iflands  in  purfuit  of  whales. 
This  voyage,  which  was  crowned  with 
fuccefii,  was  undertaken  in  1774,  by  the 
advice  of  Admiral  Montague  ot  th» 
Britifli  navy.  The  whalemen  of  Truro 
now  vil'ic  the  coafl  of  Guinea  and  Bra- 
zil. Many  of  the  matters  of  fhipsem-- 
ployed  from  Bofton  and  other  ports,  are 
natives  of  Truro.  The  elderly  men  and 
finall  boys  remain  at  home  to  cultivate 
the  ground ;  the  refl  are  at  fea  |ds  of  the 
year.  The  women  are  generally  employ- 
ed in  fpinning,  weaving,  knitting,  &c. 
Truxillo,  a  bay,  harbour,  and 
town,  at  the  bottom  ot  St.  Giles's  Bay, 
on  the  coaft  of  Honduras,  in  the  gulf  of 
that  name.  The  bay  is  about  6  milea 
broad,  .being  deep  and  fecure,  and  de- 
fended by  3.  caftle;  but  it  has  little 
trade.  The  town  flands  about  a  league 
from  the  North  gea,  between  two  rivers^ 
the  mouths  of  which,  with  fome  iflanda 
before  them,  form  the  harbour.  Tl'  e 
csuntry  is  exceedingly  fruitful  in  corn 
and  grapes,  and  notwi^rhflanding  the 
heat  of  the  climate,  vciy  populous.  The 
city  ia  dcfe{4^  l>y  »  tm<;K  wall  to- 


Ttro 

trarrft  tti*  fm,  and  U  intcccfm^le  but  by 
•  nurrow,  fttep  alci-nt.  The  ciftie  join* 
lo  ttie  will,  ami  ilanili  on  a  hill.  Be- 
himi  the  ci^y  arc  high  mountain!.  It 
lici  300  miles  N.  E.  of  Amapalla.  N. 
kt.  15.  to.  W.  lung.  9$.  56. 
.  1'ruxiu.o,  the  firll  diocefe  in  tlit 
fudirnce  ot°  Lima,  in  Peru. 

Truxillo,  a  bay  or  harbour,  and 
one  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  pro- 
vince of  the  fame  name  in  Peru,  18  t » 
Jeacues  <from  Chocope,  and  Ho  N.  W. 
•f  Lima  {  and  according  to  Uiloa,  the 
city  lies  in  lat.  8  6.  3.  S.  and  lone.  77. 
Srt#  W.  It  (lands  in  the  valley  of  Chi- 
nto,  on  a  fmall  river,  a')out  half  a  I<a^ue 
iirom  thefcaj  is  rurroundedwithabnck 
wall,  and  from  its  circuit  may  be  cbfled 
among  cities  of  the  third  order.  Two 
Icagm*  tc  the  noithward  is  the  )ioct  of 
Guanchnco,  tiu  channel  of  its  trade. 
The  houieti  make  an  elegant  appearance, 
being  generally  of  brick,  with  ftatcly 
Jialconies  and  I'uperb  porticos. 

TruxiIlo,  or  Nofira  Seuiora  de  la 
Pax,  a  town  of  New-Granada  (Venezu- 
«Im)  and  Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America, 
«i 5  miles  fouth of  Marncaibo Lake ;  on 
the  fouthernmoti  b:ink  of  which  Lake  is 
R  village,  called  Truxillo,  dependent  on 
.this  city.  The  city  is  in  lat.  9.  li  .■  N. 
and  long.  69.  15.  w. 

Tryon  Mountains,  in  N.  Carolina. 
lie  N.  W.  of  the  town  of  Salifcury,  on 
the  borders  of  the  State  of  Teniicfl«:t. 

TuAPE,  the  chief  town  of  the  divi- 
Jon  of  Senora,  in  New-Mexico. 
'  TvBAi,  a  fmall  ifland,  one  of  the 
.Society  Illands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
is  about  4  or  5  leagues  to  the  N.  by  W. 
•r  N.  N.  W.  from  Boiabola.  S.  lat. 
a.6.  IS.  W.  long.  151.  44. 

TuCAPCX,  on  tlie  coalt  of  Chili,  and 
the  W.  fide  of  S.  America,  is  un  the 
S.  Atlantic  Ocean,  10  leagues  N.  N.  £. 
from  Rio  Imperial,  and  10  to  the  illand 
•f  Santa  Maria,  or  St.  Mary. 

TucKABATCHEES,  a  town  of  the 
Creek  nation  of  Indiana. 

Tuck  AHOe  C»«e*,  in  Maryland^Tal- 
bot  co%  a  branch  of  Choptank  river. 

TuCKF.RTON,  the  port  of  entry  for 
the  diftrl£l  of  Little  Egg  Harbour,  in 
ijie  State  of  New-Jerfey. 

Tuc  v^.AN,  a  province  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, fo  called  from  a  tribe  of  Indians,  and 
in  the  S.  W.  divifion  of  Paraguay.  It 
is  bounded  N.  partly  by  Los  Chicas, 
in.P«ru«.  and  partly  bjr  Clutco^   S.  by 


Tut  it9 

Cayo  and  Pampas  ^   E.  by  Paraguay 
Proper,  and  Rio  de  la  Plata  {  and  w* 
by  St.  Jaf;o,  in  Chili,  and  the  S.  end  of 
Chicas  {  extending  itfclt  from  Kio  Vcr* 
mcjo  to  Rio  Quarto,  almoft  from  lat* 
14.  to  34.  fouth,  and  fixmi  E»  to  W* 
where  bruailcft,  from  the  river  Salad* 
to  the  ridge  of  the  Cordillera,  fcparat* 
ing  it  from  Chili,  almort  from  long.  6l. 
to  69.  30.  W.    The  climate  is  healthy 
and  temperate.      The  lands  are  ricW 
and  wt.ll  cultivated,  efpecially  toward* 
Chili,  with  fprne  defert  cantons  towarda 
the  Magellan'     '  ]«.     Its  two  principal 
rivers  are  Di.  «.^.;  and  Salado,  that  ia* 
the  fwtet  and  fait  ones  {  Ixfidcs  innu> 
merahic  iVnaller  dreams.  The  natives  are 
fomcwhat  civilized  by  the  Spaniards,  and 
cover  thcmfelves  with  their  woollen  and 
cotton  manufaAures,  and  live  in  villagra^ 
I'ucUYO,  a  town  of  Ncw-Granada» 
and  Terra  Firma  in  N.  America.    It 
(lands  in  a  valley  of  the  fame  namCp 
eveiy  where  furrounded  by  mountaina. 
The  nir  is  very  healthy,  and  the  foil 
fruitful,  and  a  river  divides  the  place. 
It  is  aoo  miles  S.  of  Maracaibo  city, 
N.  lat.  7.  10.  W.  long.  68.  36. 

TvFTONBeROVGU,atownofNew- 
HampAiire,  in  Strafford  co.  fituated  01* 
the  N.  £.  fide  of  Lake  Winipifeogec^ 
adjoining  Woliiborough,  containing  19^ 
inhabitants. 

TuGBLO  K/a'<r,  in  Georgia,  is  the 
main  branch  of  Savannah  river.  Th« 
other  great  branch  is  Keowee,  whicl»- 
j-  -ning  with  the  other,  1 5  miles  N.  W» 
Oi  the  northern  boundary  of  Wilke'a 
CO.  form  the  Savannah.  Some  branchea 
of  the  Tugelo  rile  in  the  State  of  Ten* 
nellL-e.  A  refpeftable  traveller  relate* 
that  in  ten  minutes,  having  walked  hia 
horl'e  moderately,  he  tafted  of  Tugelo^ 
Apniachicoia,.  and  Hiwaflee  rivers. 

TuiCKT£NOO?»A  Cfcekt  in  the  Stat« 
of  New- York,  is  16  miles  above  Sthe» 
neiSlady.  £.  of  the  creek  is  a  curioua 
Indian  infcriptiun. 

TuLLY,  one  of  the  military  town- 
fliips  of  Onondago  co.  New- York,  hav> 
ing  Sempronif>us.  on  the  wed,  and  Fa> 
bius  on  tile  eaif .  It  is  within  the  jurif- 
di£lion  of  Ponipey,  and  lies  19  mile;  Sv 
E .  of  the  fen  y  on  Cayug .  Lake. 

Tui.i'EHOCKEN,  a  branch  of  the 
Schuylkill,  which  empties  into  that  rivs- 
er  at  Reading.  Alfo,  the  name  of  a 
town  of  Pennfylvania,  in  Lancader  co.. 
6  mtla»  weft.oi'  Hididletown^  and  6$ 

nottli- 


$6o  TU  H 

iMrth-wcftorPhilkdclphii.  Tutueheck. 
en  crick  or  river,  nnd  Qnitnpahilln,  lead 
wilhin  4  milct  ot'cnch  other.  The  wu. 
tcr  contmunication  between  Schuylkill 
and  8«fquck»nnah  niiirt  he  t'tNinal  aver 
a  triA  of  cotintry  ot  abt.ut  40  iiiiUn  in 
txtcnt,  from  river  to  river,  in  a  iiraight 
line  I  h\ti  Moout  60  mile*  aa  the  navi)f;a' 
tion  nnull  go.  This  tra^  in  cut  bv  the 
abovt  •  creeki.  The  bottom  of  tin 
canni,  ihroiigb  which  the  nnvi^ntion 
muft  pal'ti  will  not  here  rile  mure  than 
30  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lieuti  wa- 
ter* of  the  Hbove  •  crccki  (  nor  lb  much 
••  aoo  licet  above  the  level  of  the  wa- 
ten.of  Suli](iehnnnah  or  Schuylkill. 

TvMBEX,  a  town  in  the  road  to  Li 
ma  and  Peru,  in  South- AnKricii,  7 
leagues  from  galto,  a  place  toi  landing 
n(  goods  configncd  to  this  place,  nnd  in 
lat.  3.  i».  16.  S.  Nciu'  tills  town  is  a 
river  of  the  fame  name,  which  cinptick 
into  the  bay  of  Giuiyaquil.  It  has  near 
70  cane  houl'es. 

Tumbling  Dam,  on  Delaware  riv- 
er, is  about  11  miles  above  Trenton. 

TuNBRiDaB,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont,  Orange   co.*    la  mikii  well  of 
Thetford.   It  contains  ^iy  inhubitaiits. 
TuMA,  a  city  of  New-Granada,  in 
Terra  Firma. 

TvNjA,  a  town  of  New-Gnnada  and 

Terra  Firma,  in  South  America.   Near 

it  are  mines  of  gold  ami  emeralds.    I'he 

air  is  tem|>erate,  and  the  foil  fruitiul. 

It  is  al)out  30  miles  Ibuih-wclt  of  Trux> 

illo.    N.  bt.  4.  51.  W.  lung.  73.  10. 

Tu N K B R  s.    Sec  Epbinta. 

TvNKHANNOCK,   a    towndiip    and 

Shreek    in    Luzerne    co.   Peimrylvania. 

The  creek  is  a  water  of  Sufquchannah. 

Ttjpinamdas,  the  name  of  a  famous 

nation  who  inhabited  Brazil  on  its  firft 

difcoveiy  by  the  i^ortuguci'e.    They  left 

their  chief  abode  about  Rio  de  Janeiro, 

and  wrandered  up  to  the  parts  near  ihu 

Amazon,  where  the  Tap.tyos  are  now 

the  delcendanis  of  that  brave  ptpple. 

Their  migration  and  hiitoiy  are  full}^ 

defcribed  by  Fattier  Dacunha. 

Tura  bambtiy  a.  i'p.icious  plain  of 
Peru,  in  S.  America,  at  the  extremity  of 
.Kvhi'rh  Itamls  tiie  city  of  Qu^ifo.  To  this 
plain  there  is  arpad  horn  Guayaquil. 

Turbet,  a  townfhip  of  Pcnnlylva 
nia,  on  Suiquehannah  river.     Sec  Nor- 
■tJiiimberlanJ  County. 

TuRiANO,a  river  on  the  north-coaft 
•f  South  Aoiuica,  3  ie^gucs  to  tJac  calf 


TUR 

t  of  tht  Ulandt  Barbarata.  Near  it  ll  % 
fait  pond  which  furnilhc*  all  the  coall 
with  I'alt,  and  th«re  is  harbour  xrni  itxiil 
for  (hips  to  ride  in. 

TvNKiiH  l/lamiit  a  groupeof  little 
iflands,  called  alio  Amunaj,  lince  llrcy 
are  the  itlands  of  Dun  Diego  LiUMgo» 
thus  called  by  him  whodil'Covcrcd  them* 
They  are  more  than  )o  leagues  north  of 
Point  II'alKrliqur,  on  the  noith  coaftoi* 
the  illand  of  St.  Domingo. 

TVRKBY,  a  I'mall  town  of  Ncw-Jcr* 
ity^  Elt«;x  CO.  14  miles  north  wefterlyof 
Klizabeth-Town,  and  179  north- oult  of 
Philadelphia. 

TuKKB  Y  feo/,  in  Youghiogany  river^ 
is  the  point  of  jun£\ion  of  the  great  S. 
Branch,  Little  Croflings  from  the  Ibuth- 
ealt,  and  North  Branch  from  the  north* 
w.trd.  It  is  35  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  is  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Ber- 
lin, in  Pennl'yivania.  aiul  36  north  ealt 
ot  Morg;intown.     N.  Iat>  39.  44. 

Turkey  Pointy  a  promontory  on  the 
north  fide  of  Lake  Erie,  lies  oppofite  to 
Prelque  I  lie,  on  the  fouth  fide,  about 
50  mi'is  acrofs. 

Turkey  Foint,  at  the  head  of  Chefa- 
peak  Bay,  is  a  point  of  land  formed  by 
the  waters  of  the  bay  on  the  north-weft, 
and  thoie  of  Elk  river  on  the  louth-enli. 
It  is  about  is^mileslbuih-well  of  Elk- 
ton,  and  44  north-cali  of  Annapolis. 
Herethe  Bnlifli  army  landed,  in  Auguf^j 
1777,  before  they  advanced  to  Phila- 
delphia. 

Turks  I/lands^  feveral  fmall  iflandt 
in  the  Weit  Indies,  about  35  leagues 
north-eaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  about  60  to  •'.he  Ibuth-rad  of  Crook- 
ed Ifland.  The  Bermudians  frequently 
come  hither  and  make  a  great  quantity 
of  fait,  and  the  fliips  which  fail  from  St< 
Domingo  commonly  pal's  within  fight  of 
them.  N.  lat.  ai.  18.  W.  long.  71.  5. 
Turner,  a  townfliin  of  the  Didrift 
of  Maine,  Cumberland  co.  on  the  weft 
bank  of  Androfcoggin  river,  which  di- 
vides it  from  Green  in  Lincoln  CO.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1786,  contains  34i> 
inhabitants,  and  lies  172  miles  north  of 
Bolton,  and  31  fouth-welt  of  Hallowell. 
Turtle  IJlaMd,  in  the  Ibuth  Pacific 
Ocean,  is  nearly  a  league  long,  and  not 
half  fo  broad.  It  is  furrounded  by  » 
reef  of  coral  r  ocks,  that  have  no  found*, 
ings  without  them.  S.  lat.  19.  49.  W.- 
long.  177.  57. 
TvKTt$  Crtfki  in  Peonfylvania,  a 

iinaU 


AmU  ftr«UB  which  cmtttict  thraogd  tht 
B.  bank  or  MononpntU  rivtr,  about 
i»  milct  from  the  muuth  of  thit  river, 
»t  Pittfturg.  At  the  head  of  thU  cre«k» 
General  Braddock  cnsaf  cd  a  party  of 
Indians,  the  ath  of  July,  17M,  on  his 
way  to  Port  JuQ^mc  he,  now  Pittiburg, 
where  he  was  rcpmlrd,  himreif  killed, 
hie  army  put  to  flight,  nnd  the  remaint 
of  the  army  brought  off  the  field  by  the 
•ddrefe  nnd  courage  «f  Colonel,  after* 
WarJi  Ovneral  Wafhington. 

TVRTLI  Rlvtf,  in  Ocorgia,  emptlei 
into  St.  Simon'i  Sound,  and  iti  bar  hat 
ft  Aifficiency  oF  water  for  the  Urgrfl 
veflel  that  IWlma.  At  its  mouth  is  the 
town  of  Brimfwick,  which  has  a  fiobje 
■nd  capacious  harbour.  The  town  is 
Jvgularly  Lid  out,  but  not  yet  built. 
The  lands  on  the  banks  of  thit  river  are 
faid  to  be  excelknt. 

TvRY,  a  river  on  the  coaft  of  Bratil, 
in  S.  America,  40  leagues  E.  S.  E.  of 
the  river  Cavta.  The  iflnnd  c,''  St.  John 
lies  Jult  oiF  tite  liver's  mouth,  and  makes 
•  very  good  harbour  on  the  infide  of  it. 
But  the  pnflUge  both  in  and  out,  U  dif. 
Ilcult,  and  no  pilots  are  to  b<  had. 

TvscALOMSA,  a  river  of  W.  Flori. 
da.    See  Ptarl  Hh/er. 

TusCAROitA  Creek,  a  fmall  ftream  of 
Pennfylvania,  which  empties  through 
the  S.  W.  bank  of  Juniatta  river,  1 1 
teilet  fouth-eailward  of  Le\«iftown. 

TusCARORA  f^llagei,  lie  a  milefrom 
each  other,  4  miles  from  Quecnftown, 
in  Upper  Canada,  containing  together 
•bout  40  decayed  houfet.  Vcftiges  of 
ancient  fortifications  are  vifible  in  this 
neighbouiliood.  The  Indian  houfes  are 
Rbout  t*  feet  I'quare )  many  of  them  are 
wholly  covered  with  baik,  others  have 
the  walls  of  logs,  in  the  fame  manner 
at  the  firft  fitttlers  among  white  people 
built  their  huts,  having  chimnies  in 
which  they  keep  comfortable  fires. 
Many  of  them,  however,  retain  the  an> 
cient  cuftom  of  having  the  .fire  in  the 
centre  of  the  houfe.  The  lands  in  the 
Vicinity  are  of  a  good  quality. 

Tu  SCAR  OR  AS,  a  tribe  of  Indiana  In 
the  State  of  New-York.  They  migrat- 
ed from  North- Carolina,  about  the  year 
171a,  and  were  adopted  by  the  Orieidas, 
with  whom  they  have  fince  lived,  on  the 
fuppolltion  that  they  were  originally  the 
fame  tribe,  from  zn  afEnitv  which  there 
ia  in  their  language.  They  now  con- 
^  of  about  400  loulfly  their  village  is 


NHltai 


Kahnanwolobalt  Hi 
Steckbrldffe,  on  Tafcarera  or  Ofkld< 
Creek.  The/  receive  an  aanoity  of 
abewt  400  dollar*  from  tht  United 
States. 

TvtiKARAWi,  the  ancient  naot  of  i 
head  water  of  Miiikingum  rIvOT.  Ulk 
alfo called  Tucarawat. 

Twtapah,  a  laife  town  on  tht  W. 
coaft  9t  New-Mexico,  in  tht  N.  Pacific 
Ocean.  Prom  th«?  river  8acatiUa|»  tho 
high  and  rugged  land  extenda  N.  Vf . 
a  5  leagues. 

T  wiLVMUitt,  or  T'whftJ^bt, 
ifies  on  the  S.  fide  of  Lake  Surtrior. 
and  on  the  8.  fide  of  the  mouth  of  Waft 
Bay. 

TwRKTr  MiM  Crtek,  an  e«fttni 
branch  of  Tomhighee  rivei ,  in  Oti.rgtnt 
which  runt  fit  ft  a  S.  by  E.  courfc,  tneik 
tumt  to  tht  S.  W.  I  tt  mouth  Ilea  ia 
about  lar.  ]).  jv  N.  and  long.  IK.  W. 

TWBNTr  FlVR  Mat  P«lMf|«  Attlt^ 
inent  in  Lincoln  co.  Dit^iiA  of  Malat. 
See  TitciMk. 

TwiGHTWita,  a  uib«.  of  IndtanCf 
in  the  N.  W.  Territory,  inhahitin?  neat 
Mi.<mi  river  and  Foit.  Warriors  loo* 
See  ttawiaehtonti* 

Tyi ai  M.i«</,  on  the  cnafl  of  Geor* 
gia,  liet  at  the  mouth  of  Savannah  river^ 
to  the  fouthward  of  the  bar.  It  is  very 
plealatrt,  with  a  beautiful  creek  to  the 
Vv.  of  it,  where  a  fhip  of  any  burden 
may  lie  fafe  at  anchor.  A  light-houfk 
(tands  on  the  ifland,  to  ftct  high,  and 
in  lat.  3a.  N.  and  long.  ti.  10.  W. 
The  light  houfe  is  7  milvs  E.  S.  E.J( 
E.  from  Ssvxnnah,  and  6  S.  \V.  |  \V.  • 
from  Port  Royal. 

Tyboime,  a  townfhip  of  PennfylvR- 
nia,  in  Cumberland  county. 

TYOART'ir<(r%,  in  Fennfylvaiila^ 
lies  on  Monongahela  river. 
^  Tycer,  a  fmall  river  of  S.  Carolina, 
rifes  in  the  All.ghany  Mountains,  and, 
taking  a  S.  £.  courle  nearly  parallel  to 
Enoree  river,  empties  into  Broad  rivov 
S  mdcs  above  the  Enoree. 
TYNGSB0R0I7CH,  a  townfhio  of  M«f« 
fach'.iretts,  Midcilciex  co.  oriMerrlniack 
nver,  ]t  miles  north  of  Bollon. 

TyrinGham,  a  townAip  ot  MarflJi- 
chulcitii,  Berkfhire  co.  It  containa 
1 397  inhabitants,  lies  14  miles  fr  m  tht 
(hire  t'>wn,  and  140  weft  of  Bofton. 

Tyrone,  two  ti  ^fhipaof  PennfyU. 
vaoia }  the  one  in  York  co.  the  other  ia 
that  of  Cnmberland* 


Tr  R  ft  n» «  maritime  county  of  liden-' 
ton  ditiriA,  N*  Carolina  {  bounded  N. 
by  Roanoke  river  and  Albem»iit;  Sound, 
and  fuuth  by  Beaufort.  It  is  generally 
a  low,  flat,  and  <wampy  country,  and 
contains  4744  inhabitantSt  including 
ii76(Ijivea. 

u     , 

Tf  TCAH,  Port,  on  the  N.  tV.  Coaft 
\J  of  No'th-Anitiica,  is  fuuated  on 
Wa(hingtoii's  Iflaml,  fouth  of  PottGey- 
cr,  and  north  of  Port  Sturgis.  At  its 
lA'outh  are  Needham*s  Ides.  The  mid- 
d'e  of  the  entrance  of  this  bay*  is  in  lat. 
5a.  *s. N. 

UcAYALA  River,  a  fouth  branch  of 
An^azon  river. 

UcHKi  an  Indian  town  fituated  on  the 
Cbata  tTche  river.   '  It  is  fitunted,  ac- 
cording to  Bartram,  on  a  valt  plain,  and 
u  the  largcft,  moft  conipa£l,  and  heft 
lltiiated  Indian  town  he  ever  law.    The 
habitations  are  large,  and  neatly  hiiiit ; 
the  walls  of  the  houfes  arc  con(tru£ted 
of  a  wooden  frame,  then  lathed  and 
plaiftered  infide  and  out  with  a  reddifli 
well   tempered  clay  or  mortar,  which 
gives  them  the  appearance  of  red  brick 
walls }  and  tlie  roofs  are  neatly  covered 
with  cyprefs  bark,  or  (Itingles.     1'lie 
town  appears  populous  and  thriving, 
full  of  youth  and  young  children  ;  iind 
is  ftippofed  to  cuntain  about  1500  inha- 
biiaiffs.    They  are  able  to  mu(ter  500 
gun-nicn  or  warriors.     Their  national 
language  U  radically  different  fruni  the 
Creuk  or  Mufcogulge  tongue,  and  is 
called  the  Savanna  or  Savanuca  tongue. 
It  is  faid  to  be  the  f<«me  or  a  dialed  of 
the  Shawai.efe.     Altliougb  in  contcde- 
racy  witli  the  Creeks,  tluy  do  not  mix 
with   tliem ;    and    are   of   importance 
enough  to  excite  the  jealoufy  of   the 
whol:  Mufcogulge  confederacy,  and  arc 
ufually  at  variance,  yet  are  wiie  enough 
to  unite  againd  a  common  enemy  to 
liipport  the  interell  of  the  general  Creek 
confederacy. 

Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society  Idands 
in  the  S.  Pacilic  Ocean,  is  about  7  or  8 
leagues  fiom  the  idimd  of  Huuheine,  at 
S.  W.  by  W.  There  are  9  uninhabited 
idands  wed  of  it.  The  ibuth  end  lies  in 
lat.  16.  55  S  and  bng.  isx.  ao  W. 
'  Ul  LO  A,  Oi  St.  John  dt  Uiloa,  near  the 
'iveil  Ihuc  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 


tJNl 

tJtsTERr  a  mountainoui  and  hilTy 
county  uf  New. York)  contaioiiig  aU 
that  part  of  the  State  hounded  eafterl/ 
by  the  middle  of  Hudf!  u's  river,  lisuth- 
erly  by  the  county  of  Orange,  wellerly' 
by  tilt  State  of  Pcnnfylvania,  and  the 
weft  branch  6f  Oelawai-e  rWer,  and 
northerly  by  the  t(*^nty  of  Albany.  In 
1790,  it  contained  19,397  inhabitants, 
including  x',906  (laves.  In  17^6,  there 
were  4>4.S9  of  the  inhabitants  qualified 
to  be  ele6lors.  It  i»  divided  into  16 
townlhips*  Chief  town,  Kingfl on.  A 
part  of  this  county  aiid  that  tf  Oti'ego, 
were  eredled  into  a  feparate  ccunty, 
January,  1797. 

Ulysses,  one  of  the  military  town- 
fliips  in  Onondago  co  New-Yoik,  fitu* 
ated  at  the  foutiiern  end  of  Cayuga 
Lake,  having  He6lor  on  the  weft,  and 
Dryden  on  theenft,  which  laft  tuwnlhip 
is  included  within  the  jniriidi£\ion  of 
UlylSes,  wkicb was  incorjiuruted  in  1 794. 
In  1796,  38  of  the  inhabitants  were 
ele^ors. 

Umbagoo,  a  large  lake  of  New^ 
Hamplhire,  next  in  (n.t  to  Lake  Wini» 
pifeogee.  It  lies  in  Grafton  co.  and  j^ 
imalt  part  of  it  in  the  Diftri£l  of  Maine. 

Ui^adilla,  a  river  uf  the  State  of 
New- York,  called  alio  Ttanadtrbii, 
runs  i'outhwakd,  and  joining  the  Maiu 
Branch,  forms  Chenengo  river, 

Un  ADiLt  A,  a  townfliipof  New- York, 
Otiego  CO.  on  thenonhein  iide  ti  the 
main  branch  of  Chenengo  river.  It  i» 
about  no  miles  iouth  wtft  of  Albany  } 
and,  in  1796,  501  of  its  inhabitantv 
were  electors.  In  the  fame  year,  the 
townlhipsof  Suffrage,  Otiego,  and  But- 
ternuts, were  taken  from  this  townlliip, 
and  incorporated. 

IJ N  AK A  Mountain.    See  Tewiejfee. 

Unami,  a  trilie  of  the  Pelawarc  In- 
dians, conluiered  to  be  the  head  ot  that 
nation. 

UNDEltHiLL.atownffiip of  Vermont, 
Chittenden  co.  t%  miles  eall  of  Cuichel- 
ter,  and  contains  65  inhabitcints. 

Union,  a  county  of  !?outh-C;!rolina, 
Pinckiiey  dilhid,  contHining  7,693  in- 
habitanti),  nf  whom  6,430  are  whitis, 
and  1,115  (Lives.  It  (ieitds  two  repre- 
fentatives  and  one  fcnator  to  the  State 
legillature.    Chief  town  Pinckneyville. 

Union,  a  rocky  townlhip  in  J  oliaud 
CO.  Connc^Ucnt,  welt  of  Wooil(lock» 
and  ah  lUt  11  miles  N.  E.  of  Toihm'j. 

Ul.     .N,  a  townJhip  of  the  Diftnfit  of 

Maiiic» 


UHI 

^alAegPiiiii^n  co.  containing  «99  in* 
IwlfttS  It wat incorporated Ini 786, 
and  lies  499  miles  from  Bofton. 

Uniok*  aj#ft-«own  of  the  State  of 
New-  York,  'Fioga  co.  on  the  N.  fide  of 
Sufpuehannah  river,  and  weft  of  the 
toouth  oi  the  Chenango,  iii  rnilesS.  E. 
by  E.  of  Williamfbiiig,  on  Gentflce 
river,  34  E.  N.  E.of  Athens,  or  Tioga 
Point,  9a  S.  W.  of  Cooperitown,  and 
S4«  N.  by  VV.  of  Philadelphia.  In 
1796,  there  were  in  the  lownfliip,  184 
tof  the  inhabitants  qualified  elt^fturs. 

Vmou  River,  or  Plantation,  No,  6, 
in  the  Diftrift  of  Maine,  is  fituated  in 
tlancock.  co.  *$  milts  N.  £.  of  Penob- 
foot. 

I)nion  -R/T/fr,  in  the  county  of  Han- 
toclc,  Diltri6t  of  Maine,  empties  into 
Blue  Hill  Bay,  on  the  F.  lide  of  Penob- 
fcot  Bay.  Long-Ifland,  :n  this  bay,  is 
in  lat.  44.  25.  and  long.  67.  45. 

Union-Town,  a  poft-town  of  Penn- 
(ylvania,  Fayette  co»  on  Redftone  Creek. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  (tone  gaol,  and 
a  brick  court-houie,  and  about  8odwell- 
ing-houfes.  Near  it  are  two  valuable 
merchant  mills.  It  is  the  feat  of  the 
county  courts,  and  is  14  miles  S.  by  E. 
•f  Brownlville,  where  Redftone  Creek 
enters  the  Monongahela,  58  miles  S.  of 
Pittfl»urg,  »4  N.  E.  of  Morgantown, 
in  Virginia,  and  317  W.  of  Fhiladel> 
phia. 

Unitas,  a  village  of  North-Carolina, 
^tuatcd  at  tlje  head  of  Gargal's  Creek. 
UNITED  STATES,  The  United 
States  oi  America  occupy,  perhaps,  the 
39th  put  of  the  habitable  globe,  and 
the  199th  part  of  the  whole.  They  are 
clafTed  in  three  grand  divifions. 
I.  The  New-England,  or  Eastern, 
er  Northern  States,  viz. 

Vermont, 

New-Hamp3HIrz, 

Massachusctts, including  the 

DiSTRicT  or  Mains, 

RHODB-ItLANO,  aad  • 

Connecticut. 
II.  The  MibDLB  States. 

New- York, 

New-Jersey, 

Pennsylvania, 

Delaware,  and 

North-West  TlHRITOkV. 

•  III.  The  Southern  States. 
Maryland, 

TiROVNtA, 

Kentucky, 

lC0RTH>CAB0LtNil^ 


TtNNt'UII, 

S0UTH-CAftOLINA(  lild 

Ceurcia. 


I«S 


Thefc  grand  divifions,  as  alfo  tin  differs 
ent  States,  have  been  already  dcfcribed  f 
to  which  we  refer  thereader.  The  ter-- 
ritc^y  of  the  United  States  it  in  len|(th 
i,s§o  miles,  and  in  breadth  1040,  lyinf 
between  31.  and  46.  N<  lat.  and  bctwetil 
64.  an4^  1)6.  W,.  long,  from  London  | 
bounded  ttorth  and  «alt  by  Britifh  Ame* 
rica,  or  the  provinces  of  Upper  and 
Lower  Canada,  and  Neyr-Brunfwick ) 
fouth-cotl  by  the  AtlamidOcean )  fouth 
by  Eaft  ^a4  Weft  Florida,  attd  wcA  by 
th«  river  Mifiifippit  According  to  Mr. 
Hutchins,  it  contains,  by  computation^ 
a  million  of  fquare  miles,  in  which  are 
640,000,000  acrea 
Dedu£l  for  water        5 1 ,000,000 

Acres  of  land  in  the  7    , 
United  States      J  589.000,000 

The  largeft  rivers  that  border  upon,  or 
pafs  through  the  United  States,  areMif* 
fifippi,  Ohio,  and  Tenneflfee,  on  the  weft 
fide  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains  j  and 
the  Alatamaha,  Savannah,  Santee,  Cape 
Fear,  Roanoke,  James,  Patowmac,  Suf- 
quehannah,  Delaware,  Hudfon,  Connec- 
ticut, Merrimack,  Piicataqua,  Andrbf- 
coggin,    Kennebeck,    and    Penobfcot* 
whofe  general  courfes  are  from  north- 
weft  and  north,  to  S.  E.  and  fouth,  and 
which  empty  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
The  United  States  cmbofom  foine  of  the 
largeit  lakes  in  the  world.    The  mofk 
remarkable  lie  in  a  chain  along  their 
northern  boundary  upon   the  Canada 
line,  and  are  lakes  Superior,  Michigan, 
Huron,    Erie,    Ontario,    Champlaine, 
George,    Memphremagog,    Winipifeo* 
gee,  and  Uinbagog.    The  moft  remark- 
able Iwamps  are  Ouaquaphenogaw,  or 
Eknanfnnoka,  nearly  300  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, intheStateofGecrgiaj  th» 
two  Dit'mals  in  North-Carolina,  of  im- 
menfe  extent,  each  containing  a  large 
lake  in  its  centre  f.«atulBuft'»loe  Swamp, 
in  the  north -weftern  parts  of  Penni'ylva- 
nia.     'I'he  principal  mountains  in  the 
United    States,  are,  Agamenticus,    in 
Maine;  the  White  Mountains  and  Mo- 
nadnuck,  in  New-Hamp(hire;  Wachu- 
tett,  in  Maflachufetls ;  the  Green  Moun- 
tains, in  Vermo:i)c ;  and  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  about  900  miles  in  Jeiigth, 
and  from  150  to  250  in  breadth.     The 
tiace  of  the  country,  generally  Ijpeaking, 
a  iiz  if 


1^4 


yj  N  t 


k  agreeably  variegated  with  ptainii  and 
ftunintaini,  valet  and  hills.  New  £ng< 
land,  ii  an  uneven,  hilly  and  rocky  coun- 
Vfp  Anbroad  fpace*  including  all  the 
If  ranch  of  the  Allczhany  Mountains* 
Cflimmencing  at  Hudson's  river  in  New.. 
York,  and  extending  eircuitondy  fouth- 
wefterly  through  all  the  State»  weft  ward 
^id  fouthward,  Delaware  excepted,  i» 
qsountainous.  Eaftward  of  thcronioun* 
t«im  quite  to  the  fea-coaAy  a  border  of 
ftom  60  to  TOO  miles,  and  rometimes 
nnore,  in  breadth,  is  a  remarkably  Kvel 
Qdunby,.  and  III  the  fouthern  States  free 
of  ftone.  Weft  of  thiS'  ran^e  of  nioiin- 
taihs,  i*  a  fine,  and  charmingly  divrr« 
fiiied  country,  well  watered,  fertile, 
temptrate,  and  increafing  in  population 
with  unexampled  rapidity.  Every  fpe- 
cies  of  foil  that  the  earth  affords  mny 
be  found  in  the  United  States  j  and  all 
the  various  kinds  of  fruits,  grain,  pulfe, 
and  garden  plant*  and  roots  which  are 
found  in  Europe  \  befides  a  great  va- 
nety  of  native  vegetable  produflions. 
Tobacco,  rice,  indigo,  wheat,  com, 
ootton,  rye,  oats,  barley,  buck>wheat, 
flax,  and  hemp,  are  amonec  the  princi- 
pal produflions  of  the  United'  States. 
The  United  States  contlitute  what 
may,  with  ftrift  propriety,  be  called  a 
Rbpublic.  It  conMs  of  (ixteen  fe- 
parate,  independent  States,  having  go- 
vernors, conllituticns,  and  laws  of  their 
own,  united  under  a  general,  federal 
conftitution  of  government,  adminifter- 
«d  by  an  derive  head,  and  by  a  pro- 
portionate number  of  repreientatives 
•f  the  people  from  all  the  States.  The 
merchants  of  this  country  carry  on  an 
cxtenfive  foreign  trade  with  Ruflia, 
Sweden,  Denmark,  Hnmhurgh,  United 
Netherlands,  Great- Britain,  Auftrian 
Netherlands  and  Germany,  France, 
Spain,  Portugal,  and  Italy,  in  Europe 
*— with  Morocco,  and  feveral  other 
parts  of  Africa— with  China,  and  va- 
rious Afiatic  countries,  and  the  Eaft- 
India  Iflands— with  the  Wtft-Indies, 
and  the  N.  W.  coailof  North  America. 
The  principal  articles  exported  are  fifh, 
lumber,  live  ftock,  beef,  pork,  flour, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,^  rice,  indi- 
Co,  flaie-feed,  pot  and  pearl  aflies,  iron, 
«rc.  Tlw  exports  of  the  year^  ending 
Sept.  30,  >7^6>  amounted  to  67,1164/097 
dollars.  Six.  years  before,  the  vnlue  of 
txports  wav  but  about  18  millions  of 
4|>IUi»»    The  tea  imported  into  the 


United  States  in  1791,  <!ini%  fttm 
China,  was  a,6»til5*  lbi»  arid  tho 
prices  in  Philadcli^ia  33  per  cent.  low- 
er  than  in  London,  the  dravrback  de. 
duAed.  The  export  of  falted  beef  and 
pork,  in  179*,  was  66,000  barrels. 
The  fifhing  trade  of  the  United  States 
i»  rendered  peculiarly  important  as  a 
means  of  defence  or  of  annoyinjg  the 
commerce  of  hoAile  nations,  from  the 
circumftance  that  the  Republic  has  not 
yet  adopted  a  naval  eftablifhment.  The 
filhem>en>  while  tha:  continues  to  be 
the  cal'e,  may  be  tranfmuted  by  war 
immediately  into  a  corps  of  privateers* 
men,  and  their  fhips  into  private  veffela 
of  war ;.  becaufe  the  navy  of  any  hoftile 
nation  will  fulpend  the  fifherieS)  as  long 
as  there  is  no  naval  force  to  oppolc 
them.  The  amazing  importance  of  the 
^(heries  to  the  United  States  is  evident 
from  an  infpe£lion  of  the  records  of 
onl^  the  two  counties  of  Suffolk  and 
Eflex,  which  comprife.  the  fea-ports 
of'Bofton,  Salem,  Marblehead,  Beverly, 
Ipfwich,  Newbury-Port,  Glouce'^et, 
and  Haverhill.  It  appears  that  there 
were  taken,  brought  in,  and  libelled, 
in  the  maritime  court  of  thcfe  two  coun- 
ties, during  the  late  war,  1,095  vefTelr 
with'  their  cargoes  ;  and  1 3  cargoea 
taken  from  fuch  fhip»  as  had  been  aban- 
doned after  capture ;  making  in  the 
whole  rio8.  It  has  been  ftated  by  a 
Hritifli  premier,  in  the  Britifh  Houfe  of 
Commons,  that  the  number  of  veflela 
belongingto  Great-  Britain  in  1774,  was 
6,119. fail}  ofwhrch,  3,908  were  Brit> 
i(h  built,  and  »,3.ii  American  built. 
Thus  above  a  lixth  part  of  all  their  vef- 
fels  were  brought  in  as  prizes  by  them' 
into  the  ports  of  the  United  States,  with 
cargoes  of  great  value,  compofed  of  every 
fpecies  of  military  and  domeftic  fupply^ 
in  a  feafon  of  the  utmuft  emergency. 
It  is  likewife  oonjeftured  by*  well  in« 
formed  perfons  that  55  per  cent,  of  all 
the  captures  was  made  by  the  people 
of  Maflachufetts.  The  capital  ports 
for  large  fhips,  in  the  United  States 
(land  thus  ranked,  Newport,  inRhodc- 
Idand  i  Portland,  in  the  diftriA  of 
Maine  ;  and  New- York.  Several  im- 
portant branches  of  manufa6lure«  have 
grown  up  and  flouriflied  with  a  rapidity 
which  furprifes ;  affording  an  encou- 
raging aflinance  of  fuccefs  in  future  at- 
tempts. Of  thefe  the  following  are  the 
moft  coqfidcrablet  viz.  of  fiw/— tanned 

ajui 


UNI 

«iul  Uwed  iMtheri,  dreflcd  lkitM»  flioei, 
boots*  and  flipperi,  harneft  and  faddle- 
ry  of  all  kinda.  portmanteaus  and  tntnks, 
leather  breeches,  gluves,  muffs  and  tip- 
pets, parchment  and  glue.    Of  Irou-^ 
bar  and  (heet  iron,  (te«l,  nail-rods,  and 
nails,  impltments  of  liuibandry,  ftoves, 
pots,  and  other  houfehold  utenfils,  the 
fteel  and  iron  work  of'  carnages  and  for 
-fliip  building,  anchors,  Icale  beams  and 
weights,  and  various  totals  of  ai  tificers ; 
arms  of  all  kinds.    O*^"  '^oo<^— (liips, 
cabinet  wares,  and  turnery,  wool  and 
-cotton  cardK,  and  other  machinery  for 
manufadlures  and  hufbamlry,  mathema- 
tical   inftiumenrs,    coopers*    wares    of 
every  kind.  Of  Flax  and  Wf«i^cable«, 
iail-cloth,    conlMge,    twine  and  pack- 
thread.    Of  Ci^— bricks  and  coarfe 
-tiles,*  and  potters'  wares.     Ardent  fpi- 
rits  and  malt   liquors.     Writing   and 
printing  paper,  (hcathing  and  wrapping 
paper,   paitehoards,    fullers*   or   prefs 
papers,  and  paper  hangings.     Books. 
Hats  of  fiu'  ami  wool,  and  mixtures  of 
-both.     Women's  Huff  and  -filk  (hoes. 
Refined  lugars.     Chocolate.     Oil  of 
animals  and  (eeds.     $oap,    IpernMceti 
and  tallow  candles.;  copper  and  brafs 
wares;    particularly  utenfils  for  diftil-. 
lers,  fugar  refiners,  and  brewers ;  and- 
irons aiid  other  articles  for  houfehold 
ufc;   clocks,  philoiophical  apparatus; 
tin  wares  of  almoll  all  kinds  for  ordi- 
nary ufe  ;  carriages  of  all  kinds ;  fnuff, 
fmoaking  and  chewing  tobacco;  ftai'ch, 
and  hair  powder:;  lampblack,  and  other 
painters'  colours;  printers'  ink,  mag- 
nefia,  gunpowddr.     Befides  the  manu- 
faAuit:s  of  thefe  articles,  which  are  car- 
ried on  as  regular  trades,  and  have  at 
tained  to  a  confiderable  deg!-ee  of  ma- 
turity, there  -is  a  vaft  fcene  of  houfe- 
hold manufa£turing,  which  contributes 
very  largely  to  the  fupply  of  the  com- 
munity.    Religion  here  is  placed  on  its 
proper  bafis,   vMithout  the  feeble  and 
unwarranted  aid  of  the  civil  power,  and 
is  left  to  be  fupported  by  its  own  evi- 
dence, by  the  lives  of  its  profcnbrs,  and 
by  the  Almighty  care  of  its  Divine  Au- 
thor.    The  following  denominations  of 
ChrilHans  are  more  or  lefs  numerous, 
viz.    Congrega'  lonalilH,  Presbyterians, 
iEpifcopalians,  Jutch Reformed  Church, 
Baprifts,  Quakers,  Methodifts,  Roman 
Catholics,  German  Lutherans,  German 
Calvinifts,  Moravians  or  United  Breth- 
ren of  the  Ejpifcopal  Church,  Tunkers, 


UP?  5*1 

Mennonlfts,  Univerfalills,  and  ShukM* 
There  are  a  <ew  Jews,  and  many  who 
rejefl  revealed  relieion  at  unneceflary* 
inconvenient,  and  nbulous ;  and  plead 
tbe  fufficiency  of  natural  religion.  IB^ 
1790,  there  were  about  3,950,000  in*' 
habitants  in  the  United  States;  697,697 
of  whom  were  flaves.  The  prefent. 
number  is  probably  above  four  milltont' 
and  a  half,  made  up  of  atmoft  aUth« 
different  nations  of  Europe,  but  prinei- 
pally  of  the  defcendanirs  of  the  Engliflr 
nation.  The  military  ftrength  of  this 
countiy  lies  in  a  well  difcipiined  militiai 
of  about  900,000  brave  and  indqiendent 
freemen,  and  an  army  of  about  3  or 
4.000  men  to  defend  the  frontiers  of 
the  Union,  and  to  man  the  feveral  for- 
trelTcs  in  the  different  parts  of  the 
United  States.  The  fum  voted  by  Con- 
grel's  to  fupport  the  naval  and  military 
elfablifhrnent  of  the  United  S  ates  for 
1796,  w:is  1,8 r 8,87 3'dollais.  The  civil 
lift  is  about  300,000  dollars  annually. 
See  America,  Sortb-  America f  &c. 

Unity,  a  fettlement  in  Lincoln  col 
Difti-iii  of  Maine,  between  the  Weft 
Ponds,  7  or  8  miles  W.  of  Sidney,  op- 
pofl'e  to  Vaflalborongh,  and  1 5  milet 
N.  W.  of  Hallow.  II.  It  liM  on  Sandy; 
river,  about  16  miles  from  its  mouth.  '''^'' 

Unity,  a  townfhip  of  New-HamjU' 
fliire,  fituated  in  Chefhtre  county,  a  f«w 
mile's  north-eaft  of  Charlefton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1764,  and  contains  538 
inhabitants. 

Unity  Tbwir,  in  Montgomery  co, 
Maryland,  lies  z  or  3  miles  from  Patux- 
ent  river,  ii  from  Montgomery  court- 
huufc,  ntul  24  northerly  of  the  city  of 
Waftiingron. 

Upatchawanan,  or  Temi/cammn, 
a  Canadian  fettlement  in  N.  America,  in 
lat.  47.  17,  30.  N. 

Upfer  Ali^oways  CrMi(,  in  Salem 
CO.  New-Jedey. 

Upper  Bald  EAnLB,a townlliip  of 
Pennlylvaiia,  in  MitHincounty. 

Upper  District,  a  divifion  of 
Georgia,  wliicii  cotitainsthecountiesof 
Montgomery,  Wafliingtof\,  Hancock^ 
Greeiu',  Franklin,  Ogletborp,  Elbert, 
Wilkes,  Warren,  Columbia,  and  Richr 
motui. 

Up-PBR.  Dublin  a townlhlp of  Penn- 
fylvania,  in  Montgomery  county. 

Upper  Frbeholo,  a  townfhip  ^ 
New-Jerfey,  Monmotit^i  co.  adjoining 
to  Burlington  and  Midulefcx  counties 

Nn  3  w 


566  U  R  B 

OB  the  north  tnd  fouth.weft,  and  Free> 
bold  on  the  eatt.  It  contains  3441  in- 
habitante. 

UPPBIlGftBATMOKADNOCK,inthe 

tpwnlhip  of  Lcmington,  in  the  north- 
caft  comer  (^  Vermoat>  on  Coiine&icot 
river. 

UpFBa  HANOVBa*  a  townfliip  of 
Pdnnfylvania*  Montgomery  county. 

Upper  Mahlborouch^  a  pod- 
town  of  Maryland;  16  mile*  fouth^eaft 
of  Bladenfburg,  15  north-eattof  Pifoat- 
•way,  and  16*  fouth-weli  of  PhiiadeU 
jpbia. 

Uppbr  Milford>  a  townfliip  of 
Pcnnfylvania,  Northampton  county. 

Uppbr  Penh's  Neck,  a  townfliip 
of  New-Jerfey,  Salem  county. 

Upper  Saura*  a  place  in  N.  Caro. 
lina,  on  Dan  rivcT)  about  aoo  m.W  »  from 
Halifax. 

Upper  Savage  JJIandt,  in  Hud- 
|bn'»  Bay.  N.  lat.  61.  31.  30,  W. 
long.  70.  48. 

Upton,  a  townfliip  of  MaflTachufetts, 
Worcester  co.  concaining  900  inhabi. 
tants,  difperlied  on  1 3,000  acres  of  land, 
favourable  for  orcharding,  palluragc, 
Bndgrafs.-  It  is  weft  of  Sherburne  in 
Middkrex  co.  15  miles  Ibuth-eaft  of 
"Worcefter,  and  3S  fouth-weft  of  Bof- 
ton. 

Upright  Bay,  near  the  weft  end  of 
the  Straits  of  Magellan.  S,  lat,  53.  8. 
W.  long.  7S.  IS' 

Uracho,  a  river,  on  the  eaft  coaft 
^f  S*  America,  is  18  leagues  W.  N.W. 
of  Caurora  river, 

Uracua,  a  province  in  the  eaft  di- 
▼ifion  of  Paraguay,  iii  South- America, 
whofe  chief  town  is  Los  Ruycs. 

Urano,  a  river  on  the  north  coaft  of 
$•  America,  which  enters  the  ocean 
abreaft  of  the  wei^ernmoft  oi'  the  Peritas 
Jflands,  obout  three  leagues  weftward  ot' 
Comana  Bay.  It  only  admits  ihiall  boats 
and  canoes.  Otchier  Bay  is  to  the  W. 
of  it. 

•'  Urbanna,  afmallpoft-town  of  Vir- 
ginia, Middlel'ex  co.  on  the  Ibuth-weii 
Jide  of  Rappahannock  river,  ai  utiles 
.^°om  Stingi'ay  Point,  at  the  inouth  of 
the  river,  73  Ibuth-ealt  ot  Frcderickf- 
t>urgt  73  eaft  by  ibuth  of  Kicltmond,  z8 
from  Tappahannock,  and  291  from 
Philadelphia,  Wheat  is  flii|>ped  from 
this. to  Europe,  and  Iiuiian  coin,  &c.  to 
N«w.£ngland,  -Nova-Scvtia,  and  the 
Weft-Jndics, 


Y  A  O 

Urvaio,  or  Urvaigat  a  province  ^ 
South  America )  boundtd  by  Guayra 
on  the  north,  the  mouth  of  Rio  de  la 
Plata  on  the  fouth,  the  captainiy  of  del 
Key  on  the  Ei  and  Parana  on  the  W. 
from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  river  of 
that  name.  Its  extent  is  from  lat.  25. 
to  33,  »o.  foulh }  the  length  fromnorth- 
eatt  to  foiuh-eaft  being  (onicwhat  above 
*%o  leagues,  and  the  breadth  from  E. 
to  W.  where  broadtft,  130,  but  much 
naiTower  in  other  parts.  It  is  divided 
by  tlie  river  Urvaiga,  or  Uruguay  into 
the  eaft  and  weft  parts.  This  river  nms 
above  400  leagues,  the  upptr  pnrt  with 
a  prodigious  nolle  among  rocks  and 
ftones,  and  falls  into  the  La  Plata  almoft 
oppofiteto  Buenos  Ay  res. 

UsTAYANTHO  Lake,  See  Uifyyan- 
tha. 

Utawas,  a  river  which  divides  Up- 
per and  Lower  Canada,  and  falls  into 
JcfuB  Lake,  iii  miles  fouth- wrft  of 
Quebec.  It  receives  the  waters  o»  Tina, 
miikamain  360  miles  Irom  its  tnoiitlit 
85  miles  above  it,  is  called  Montreal 
<;iver. 

Utrecht,  ^im;,  a  toWnfliip  of  New- 
York,  King's  CO.  Long-Ifland.  It  has  a 
Dutch  church,  and  contains  561  inhabi- 
tants ;  of  whom  76  are  electors,  -^nd  zo<S 
are  flaves.  It  is  7  or  8  miles  foudiwurd 
of  New-York  city. 

UxBRiDGE,  a  townfliip  of  Mafliichu- 
fetts,  Worcefterco.  41  miles  fouth-weft 
of  Bofton.  It  was  taken  from  Mtndon, 
and  incorpoi-atcd  in  1727,  and  North - 
bridge  was  afterwards  taken  from  it.  It 
contains  180  dwelling-houfes,  and  1308 
inhabitants.  It  is  hounded  ibuth  by  the 
State  of  Rliode-lfland.  Not  far  from 
Shoe- log  Pond,  in  tlic  fouth-weft  part 
of  the  town,  there  is  an  iron  mine  which 
is  improved  to'  confiderable  advantage. 


VACCASfCayo,  oneof  theTortugas, 
or  Florida  Keys,  to  thceaftward  of 
Bahia  Homia ;  the  dillancf  betwei  n 
them  is  4  leagues,  and  the  coaft  in  iisdi- 
reftion  turns  to  the  northward.  Onthe 
S.fideof  CayoVaccas,  about  8  miles  from 
the  W.  tn'l,  there  are  wells  offrefh  wa- 
ter. A  thick  range  of'illrs  jroby  thi? 
name.  Bahia  Honda  is  In  lat.  44.  35>N. 
Vacca,  called  alio  the  Cows,   or 


VAX. 

Veafs,  7tmgfu,  a  low  point  tm  A^  W. 
coalt  of  Chili)  in  S.  America,  which 
Iboundt  the  Bay  ot'  Tongtuey  to  the  well- 
ward. 

Vache,  or  Cvws  IJlandt  lies  on  the 
fouih  coaft  of  the  i'nuthern  peninfiiia  ot 
the  irtand  of  St.  Domingo,  and  is  al)out 
4f  leagues  ionvr.  and  in  the  broadeit 
mrt  a  league  and  a  half,  from  N.  to  S. 
The  S.  point  is  3  leagues  E.  of  Point 
Ahacou;  ?ind  in  ht.  18.4..  N.  ;ind  long,. 
^Vom  Paris  76.1.  W,  It  has  a  very  good 
foil,  with  %w  I  tolerable  ports,  and  lips 
very  conveniently  tor  trade  with  the 
iSpanifli  colonies  oivthe  continent,  and 
wifh  t^aymne.  The  leamert  cnll  this 
A(h  Ifland,  a  corruption  from  Vath,  as 
it  is  pronounced. 

Vach  et  le  Torreau,  or  Cow 
nnd  Bull  Rocks,  on  the  Ibuth  coalt  of 
Newfoundland  I  (land,  are  about  a  mile 
S  E.  of  Cape  St.  Mary,  which  is  the 
point  between  the  deep  bay  of  P'acen- 
tia  on  the  W.  and  Sr.  Mary's  Bay  on 
^he  e-.ft.  They  are  fair  above  water, 
txit  there  art:  others  near  them  which 
lurk  underwater. 

Vae's  Ijlnnd,  Anthony,  a  fmaJI  ifland 
on  the  E.  coa(t  ot  Brazil,  inS.  America. 
It  lies  to  the  fouthwaixl  of  the  I'andy 
Rcceif,  ami  oppodte  to  it,  which  m  join- 
ed to  the  continent  by  a  bridge. 

Vaisseaux  IJlandf  on  the  N.  Oiore 
jpf  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  See  Skip  Jjtcind. 

VaIADOLID,  of  Falladolidt  called  by 
the  Indians  Comnyagua,  is  the  chief 
^ity  of  the  province  of  Honduras,  in 
Ntw-Spajri.  It  is  the  feat  of  the  Go. 
vernor,  and  is  a  bilhop's  fee,  (iiffra^:mt 
of  Mexico,  Ijnee  the  year  1558.  !t  is 
ieated  on  a  plain,  3.0  miles  VV.  of  the 
Gulf  of  Honduras,  170  S.  W.  of  Trux- 
iilo,  and  V>5  S.  E.  of  Merida.  ^.  lat. 
14.  10.  VV.  long   51.  »i. 

Valdivia.     Stt  Baidivia. 

Valencia,  a  town  in  th  •  province 
•f  Caracas,  on   Terra   Firma,    South 
America,  about  So  miles  N.  of  fiap> 
quicimtto,  and  250  W.  of  Cumana,  N. 
lat.  JO.  W,  long   67. 

Vallev  Fovi^ts  a  place  on  Schuyl- 
kill river,  15  miles  from  Phila  telphia. 
Here  Gen,  Walluiigton  remained  with 
hij  army,  in  huts,  (luring  the  w  iiter  of 
1-jTlr  after  the  Britiih  had  taken  pof 
icflloh  of  that  city. 

Valparaiso,  a  large  and  popu'ous 
town  of  Chili,  in  South-America,  hav- 
in]|r  a  havboui'  forming  the  port  of  St. 


^        VfiG  56; 

J<ig«>»  W  I«t.  )).  ■«  s6.  S.  tnd  lonfr 
77.  3f .  W.  It  ia  390  milii  fi.  of  the 
ifland  of  Juan  Femandct.  It  carried  on 
a  confiderabk  trade  with  the  port  qf 

Callao.  ^ 

VANCOuvtR*<  Fort,  in  Kentwlcf, 
ftands  at  the  junftion  of  the  two 
branches  of  Big  Sandy  rivefi  so  mile* 
N.  of  Harniar's  Station. 

Van  Oykes^  Joft  and  Little,  ty/ro  of 
the  Imaller  Virgin  lOands,  (ituated  t« 
the  N.  W.  of  Tortola.  H.  lat.  it.  %$. 
W.  long.  63.  15. 

Vannstowm,  ih  the  countiy  of  t{ie 
Cherokees,  lies  on  a  branch  of  Al^ban^y 
river. 

Va«e  River,  Au,  empties  into  the 
Miffilippi  from  the  N.  E.  3  miles  below 
the  Great  Rock,  about  55  N.W.  hy  N. 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Ohiq,  and  about  the 
liime  difUnce  N.M^.  of  Fort  Maflac.  It 
is  navigable  into  the  N.  W.  Territory 
about  60  miles,  through  a  rich  country, 
abounding  in  extenfive  natural  mea- 
dows, and  numberlefs  heids  oi  buifehx, 
deer,  &c.  It  is  about  eight  miles  above 
CIpe  Sn  Antonio.  t 

VAS^AUBOROtTGN,  a  poft-town  of 
the  Diftrifl  of  Maine,  in  Lincoln  co, 
on  Kenneheck  river,  half  way  between 
Hallowell  and  Winflow,  lo^mile^N. 
by  F.  of  Bofton,  and  551  from  Phila- 
delphia. It  was  incor))orated  in  1771* 
and  contains  1140  inhabitants. 

Vauclin  Bay,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Martinico.  Vauclin  Point 
forms  the  fouth  fide  of  Louis  Bay,  on 
the  E.  court  o\'  the  fame  idand. 

VAVAOO.oneof  the  Friendly  Iflands 
in  the  S  uth  Pacific  Ocean.  It' is  about 
two  days  fail  from  Ha;  aee. 

Vealtown,  a  village  of  New-Jer- 
fey,  near  B;Wkenridgc,  about  7  milef 
Ibuth- welterly  of  Mornfiown. 

Veau,  Attfe  a,  a  village  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  luuth  penintul^  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo.  5  leaguts  W.  by  N.  of 
Miragoane,  4^  eultward  of  Petit  Trou, 
and  19  N.  E.  ot  Les  C'ayes. 

VtOA,  oi-  Conceftion  of  la  Vega  Real, 
a  town  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  illand 
of  S:.  J>)mingo,  on  the  road  from 
St.  Domingo  city  to  Daxahon.  It  is 
littiated  near  the  he:Hl  of  Yiina  ..ver, 
>vhich  empties  into  tn^  bay  of  S-iutana} 
12  leagues  N.  W.  by  VV,  of  Cotuy, 
and  about  38  tulterly  of  Daxavoii,  or 
Daxabon.  I(  Ifands  on  a  brautilol  plain 
among  the  mountaiiW)  on  the  very  I'pot 

N  n  4  whii'^ 


whcfe  GuMrhmxt  cacique  of  M  k'tngu 
(dom  of  Magua.  had  i elided.  In  1494, 
or  i4VS>  t^ic  lettkment  of  this  town  wm 
hepn  by  Columhua.  Eight  year*  niu  r. 
It  had  become  a  city  of  impn'tance,  and 
^imtimea  durin^^  the  ytar,  there  were 
•40,000  cruwni  in  golilt  minted  at  thik 
plac^.  It  was  almoft  ueftroyed  by  an 
earthquake  in  1 564. 

ViiQA}  St.  Jagt  dt  la.    See  Spanijb 

Vejas,  or  Morn  dt  Vejas,  on  the 
coatt  of  Pmuj  is^  about  ball  a  league 
£rom  the  ifland  ofLoboa. 

Vbi  A»  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Teira 
Firma,  S.  America,  m about  lat.  is.  N. 
and  long.  7a.  W.  and  alraut  18  leagues 
N«  by  E.  of  the  town  oi  La  Hacha. 

VsLAS,  or  Velafco.  a  port  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  NeW' Mexico,  is  7  leagues  N. 
W.  by  N.  of  the  Morro  Hermoiigi,  and 
S  from  St.  Catharine's  Puint. 

VslicaLA,  a  town  on  and  near  the 

head  of  ihepcninlul.t  ol  Cil.ibrnia,  near 

the  coaft  ot  the  N.  Pricifc  Ocean,  and 

.aortheily  Uom  And  )(e  i'oint.    N.  lat. 

tbout  ao.  35.  W.  lung.  115.  ^o.       » 

Vk  N>A  N  CO  f(,rt%    See  T^n  Franklin. 

V£NEZV£LO,  a  province  of  Terra 
J'irma,  bounded  eaft  by  Caracas,  Ibuth 
by  New-Grana<ta,  weft  by  Kio  de  lu 
Hacha,  and  un  the  north  by  the  Nortli 
&a.  It  abounds  wilh  game  :uid  wild 
bca!!a,  producing  plenty  of  corn  twice  a 
year,  with  fruits,  fugar,  and  tobacco, 
snd  the  beft  cocoa  plantations  in  Ame- 
rica. It  fpreads  round  a  gulf  ot  the 
fame  name  that  reaches  pear  jO  leagues 
within  land}  and  the  middle  of  this 
country  is  occupied  by  alake^ac  leagues 
long,  and  30  bro:.d,  with  a  circumie 
rence  of  80,  and  navigable  for  velTels  of 
thirty  tons.  It  communicates  with  the 
gulf  by  a  ftrait,  on  which  is  btiilt  the 
city  of  Marac'iiho,  which  gives  name  to 
both  lake  am'  ftrait,  which  is  defended 
t>y  fevcral  fortb,  which  were  attacked  in 
the  lafi  century  by  Sir  Heniy  Morgnn 
and  the  whole  coait  luid  un«ier  contri- 
bution, and  M.iracaibo  lauromed.  The 
province  is  aboui  ion  leagues  in  length, 
and  as  mucli  in  hreailth.  It  had  its 
name  from  its  liuuli  l.«goon$,  which 
make  il  appear  like  Vtnic-  at  lie  en- 
trance of  tlic  lake.  The  Spaniards  niaf 
facred  alcove  a  million  ot  th<;  natives  in 
1518.  In  1550,  the  country  was  again 
depopulated ,  w\Kn  a  great  number  of 
black  flavcs  were  broug^ht  from  Africa, 


VER 

and  was  one  of  the  principal  epocbi  of 
the  introduAion  oi  negroes  into  tha 
Weft- Indies.  Soon  after,  a  revolt  of  th« 
negrock  was  the  caufe  of  another  mafra« 
ere,  and  Vencxuela  became  again  a  de- 
iert.  At  picfent  it  is  laid  to  cohtaio  . 
about  ico,oco  tnh.ibitar.ts,  who  live  to- 
lerably happy,  nnu  raife  great  numbers 
of  European  fhtep.  They  cultivate  to« 
bacco  and  fugar,  which  are  tamous  over 
all  America.  7  hey  manufaAure  alfo 
fome  cuttun  ftuffs.  It  has  many  popu- 
lous towns,  and  iti  waters  have  gold 
lauds,  its  capital,  of  the  lame  name,  or 
Cora,  ftan.ls  near  the  fea-conf^,  about  50 
miles  S.  E>  of  Cape  St.  Roman.  N. 
lat.  10.  30.  W.  lung.  70.  15. 

Venezvelo,  a  Ipacioits  gulf  of  the 
fame  pwvince,  communicating  by  a 
narrow  ftrait-  with  Maracaibo  Lake. 
See  the  former  ai  tide. 

Vent  A  de  Crux,  a  town  on  the  Ifth- 
mus  ot  Darien  and  Terra  Firma.  Here 
the  Spanifh  merchandife  from  Panama 
'o  Poitu  Bcllo  is  embarked  on  (he  river. 
Chagre,  40  mite.s  iouth  of  the  latter,  and  ^ 
3o  north  of  the  former.  N.  lat.  9.  a6. 
W.  long.  81.  36. 

Vento  Sierra,  on  the  north  coaft  of 
S.  America,  are  mountains  fo  named, 
behind  the  land  called  Punt  a  de  Ddrio, 
opi-ofite  to  Tonugas  Ifland. 

Venus,  Pmnt,  in  Otaheit-  Ifland,  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  is  the  eaft 
poin;  of  Matr.vai  or  Port  Royal  Bay, 
and  north  point  of  the  ifland.  S.  lat. 
17.  19.  W.  long.  149.  36. 

Vera  Cruz,  La,  the  grand  pert  of 
Mexico,  or  New- Spain,  having  a  I'afe 
haibour  protefftd  by  a  fort,  fituated  on 
a  rock  of  an  ifland  nearly  adjoining, 
called  St.  John  de  Ulloa,  in  the  Gulf  uf 
Mexico,  it  is,  perhaps,  one  ol  the 
nioft  confiderable  places  lor  trade  in  the 
world,  being  the  natural  centie  of  the 
American  tieafure,  and  the  mngnzine 
for  all  tht;  mcichandize  I'ent  from  New- 
Spain,  or  th.it  is  tranfported  thither 
trom  Europe.  It  nceives  a  prodigious 
quantity  ot  £?.ft- India  prttUice  by  way 
of  Acapulco,  Irom  the  Philippine 
Iflands.  iViolt  of  its  houfes  arc  built  of 
wood,  and  the  number  of  Spanifli  in« 
habitants  is  about  3000,  mulattoes  and 
luungrels,  who  call  thtrmlelves  white. 
It  is  rather  unhealthy,  from  the  rank 
bogs  around  it.  N.  lat.  19.  la.  weft: 
lonjr.  ^y,  30.  It  is  in  the  eaft  extremity 
of  the  province  of  Tlafcala,  or  Los  An>> 

gelos. 


geloi. 
mile* 
Good 
mined 

fliipi 
men  hi 
S.F. 

VBl 

hour 

Tag9, 

Efpiri 

£jp,r 


VEH 

feloi.  At  the  OM  Town,  15  or  16 
milet  further  weft,  Cortex  lamk  •  on 
Good  Fridaf,  1518,  whin,  bcin^  u  1  - 
mined  to  conquer  or  die,  he  iiink  the 
fliipi  that  tranl'ported  his  handful  oi 
men  hirher.  L\  Vera  Cruz  i«  115  inilei 
S.  E.  of  the  ci?y  of  Mexico. 

Vera  Crux,  La,  an  excellent  har- 
bour in  the  Bay  of  San  Felip«  Sant- 
Tage,  on  the  north  fide  ot  tlic  Illand 
E/firitu  SoHto.  See  7itrra  Aujirdl  del 
Bjpirltu  Sant$, 

Vekagua,  by  Ulloa  made  a  province 
of  Terra  Firma,  in  South  America,  hue 
others  have  it  as  a  province  oK  Guati- 
mala  and  New  Spnin,  in  N.  America; 
joining  on  the  W.  to  Cotta  Kica;  on 
the  K.  to  Panama;  with  the  North  8ca 
on  the  north,  and  the  bouth  Sea  on 
the  fouth.  The  coall  was  iirlt  difcover- 
ctl  hy  Chriftopher  Colunibus  in  1503, 
to  whom  it  wail  granted  with  the  title 
of  Duke,  and  his  poileiity  ftill  enjoy  it. 
The  province  is  very  mountainous, 
woixly,  and  har^n,  but  has  incxhaufti 
ble  mines  of  filver,  and  Ibme  golwl,  the 
<luft  of  the  latter  heiiig  found  among 
the  fands  of  the  rivers.  Santiago  dc 
Verat^uas,  or  Santa  Fe,  the  capital,  is 
but  a  poor  place ;  and  in  this  pr.  vince 
is  the  river  Veragua,  on  which  that 
town  (lands. 

VEitA,GUA,  the  river  above  mention- 
ed, empties  into  the  Tea  18  leagues  to 
the  fouth-eaft  of  the  river  or  lake  of 
Nicaragua,  in  lat.  10.  5.  N.  Here  is  a 
very  good  port ;  bdt  the  iHand  at  its 
mouth  is  foul.  The  hell  anchorage  is 
on  the  well  and  fouth  fides  next  the 
main,  where  fliips  may  ride  under  fl^ore 
in  from  f  to  9  fathoms,  and  lafe  troni 
the  north  and  eafteily  winds,  that  are 
moftvioientonthiscoail.  Several  iilands 
lie  off  from  the  couft,  both  fingly  and 
in  clufters,  from  this  to  Cape  Gracias  a 
Pios;  and  to  the  eaftward  from  hence  is 
Chagre  river. 

Vera  Paz*  a  province  of  t\w  audi- 
ence of  Guatimala,  and  New- Spain,  in 
N.  America.  It  has  the  Bay  of  H  ruUi- 
ras  and  Chiapa  on  the  north,  Guatimala 
on  the  fouth,  Hondur.'is  on  the  ead,  and 
Soconufca,  with  part  of  Chiapa,  on  the 
weft.  It  is  ^i  leagues  long,  and  28 
broad.  The  landb  arc  mountainous, 
yielding  little  corn,  but  abounding  in 
cedar,  &c.  The  principal  commodities 
are  drugs,  cocoa,  cotton,  wool,  honey, 
&c.    lU  capital  of  the  iiime  name)  or 


VER  |6« 

Cohan,  (lands  on  the  weft  fide  of  a  rivtf 
which  runs  into  Golfo  DnUe,  184  miJ«| 
E.  of  Guatimala.  N.  lat.  15.  10.  Wi 
long.  93. 15. 

ViRDB,  or  Qret»)flMd,  on  theN* 
coaft  of  S.  America,  >•  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  St.  Martha. 

Vs  RD  E  Key,  one  of  theBahama  Iflandfc 
N.  lat.  IS.  It.  W.  long.  71;.  15. 

Verde,  Porto,  wVtdra,  i*  on  th* 
N.  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  ^\  leagues  S. 
E.  by  E.  of  Rio  Roxo.  The  iHand  of 
Blydonea  it  at  the  entrance  of  this  port^ 
round  whicti  ihips  may  fai^on  any  fide* 
there  being  7  fathoms  on  the  N.  wherw 
it  is  (hoaleft,  and  70  fathoms  on  the  S, 
fide,  where  is  the  belt  entrance  into  the 
river.  This  is  a  port  of  good  trade,  and 
Ibmetimes  large  (tiips  put  in  here.  Thi 
illands  of  Bayonne  ar«  5  leagues  to  thf 
S.  of  the  ifland  in  the  mouth  ot  the  port. 

Verderone,  or  La  Bourlaraerie, 
an  ifland  on  the  £.  coall  of  Cape  Bre* 
tun  Ifland.  It  is  7  or  8  leagues  longf 
and  at  each  end  is  a  channel,  through 
which  the  waters  of  the  Labrador  Lakes, 
in  the  inner  part  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland, 
difcharge  into  tlie  ocean  on  the  E. 

Verb,  a  parifli  of  the  ifland  of  Jaihai- 
ca,  having  Maiiury  Bay  in  it;  a  very /e- 
cure  road  for  (i)ipping. 

Vergennes,  a  poll-town,  and  one 
of  the  molt  growing  and  commercial 
towns  of  Vermont,  in  Addiibn  co.  on 
Otter  Cr«tk,  about  fix  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  L»ke  Champlain.  It  is  regu- 
ariy  laid  out,  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  and  about  60  huufes.  In 
its  neighbourhood  arc  feveral  mills.  It 
is  1 1 5  miles  N.  of  Bennington,  is  S.  of 
Buriir>gton,and  407  N.  E.  by  N.  of  {Phi- 
ladelphia. The  townlhip  contained  soi 
inhabitants  in  1790. 

VbRiNA,  a  fmall  viPage,  t.nd  Spanifli 
plantation  of  New- Andalufia,  and  Ter- 
ra Firma,  S.  America.  Its  tobacco  it 
reputed  the  belt  in  the  world.  It  lie^ 
60  miles  E   of  Cumana. 

Vermlja,  or  KermUlioii  Bay,  on  the 
north  Ihore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  or 
coaft  of  Loiiifiana.  It  is  to  the  N.  W. 
of  Atonfion  Bay,  in  about  lat.  30.  N« 
and  long.  91.  W. 

Vermejo,  or  Bermejo,  an  ifland  and 
port  on  the  ct>nft  of  Peru,  s  degrees  N. 
and  a  little  W.  of  Lima.  It  is4  Icaguet 
from  Mongon  on  the  N.  and  6  from 
Guarmey  Port  on  the  b. 

Vermillias  Barreyeras,  on  the  coaft 

of 


lr»  V  E  R 

df  Bitsilt  lictween  the  Iflind  of  St. 
John's  and  Syponiba  Ifland,  which  are 
7  leagues  afunder.  Here  is  a  large  bay 
wirh  good  anchorage. 

ViRMiLviON,  Putpk,  or  Rtd  Stat  a 
name  given  by  fome  tO  the  gulf  of  Ca- 
lii'ornia. 

Vermillion  Fof«/,  called  alfoLong 
Point,  it  the  neninfula  between  ^ay  Pu- 
in  and  Lake  Michigan. 

VBRMitLioN  River,  in  the  N.W. 
.Tenitory,  runs  north-weflword  into  Il- 
linois river,  neruiy  oppofite  the  .S.  Y^, 
end  of  Little  Rocks,  and  a$7  miles  from 
the  Miifirippi.  It  is  30  yardf  widei  but 
fb  rocky  as  not  to  be  navigable. 

Vermillion  In^nireiide  ISO  miles 
vp  the  Miami  of  the  Lake. 

VERMONT,  of(e  of  the  United 
S^tates  bf  America,  lies  between  lat.  42. 
44.  and  4$.  north,  and  between  long.  71 . 
la.atHl?}.  15.  weft.  It  is  bounded  N. 
liy  Lower  Canada  ^  E.  by  NewHamp 
■  JOiire,  from  which  it  is  feparated  by  Con- 
nedioit  river ;  S.  by  Mafl'ichufetts  } 
and  W.  by  the  State  of  New-York.  No 
|>art  of  the  State  is  neaicr  than  70  or  So 
miles  of  any  part  of  the  ocean.  Com- 
puting by' the  latitudes,  the  length  of 
the  State  irom  the  fouthern  to  the  north 
cm  boundary  is  157!  miles  1  the  m^an 
width  from  E.  to  W.  is  about  65  miic^st 
this  will  give  10,2.^7!  fquare  miles  of 
land  and  water.  It  ks  divided  into  11 
counties,  vit.  thofe  on  Connecticut  riv- 
er from  ft  uth  to  north  are  WitKlljam, 
Wintl&r,- Orange,  Caledonia,  and  Efllx  j 
in  a  fimilar  dirc^ion,  alung  the  Nev.'- 
,  York  line,  are  the  counties  of  Benning- 
ton, Rutland,  Addilbn,  Chittenden,  and 
Franklin,  lietwcen  which  latt  ami  Eflex, 
Jies  the  county  of  Orleans,  on  the  north 
line  of  the  State.  Thcle  are  liibdivided 
intoiipwanis  of  230  townlhips,  which 
are  generally  6  miles  fquare.  In  each 
townfhip  is  a  relerve  of  a  rights  of  land, 
*  of  350    cres  each,  the  one  for  the  I'up- 

{lort  of  fchools,  the  other  to  be  given  in 
ce  to  the  firft  minifter  who  fettles  in 
*'^e  townfhip.  A  part  of  the  townfhips 
were  gianttd  by  the  governor  of  New- 
Mampdrire,  and  the  other  part  by  that 
of  Vermont.  In  thofe  townlhips  grant- 
ed by  the  former,  a  ri^^ht  of  land  is  re- 
fervtd  for  the  fi>pport  of  the  golpcl  in 
tbreign  parts }  in  thofe  granted  by  titc 
latter,  a  college  right,  and  a  right  lor 
the  liipport  of  country  granmiar-fchoplti, 
ar«  rcitived.    In  tlicl'e  reljervations,  li- 


V  E  R 

beral  provifion  U  made  for  the  fiipperl 
of  the  gofpel,  and  for  the  promotioii 
of  common  and  collegiate  education. 
Windfor,  on  the  eall  nde  of  the  Greeif 
Mountains  {  and  Rutland,  on  the  ytak 
fide  J  both  nearly  in  the  centre  of  th? 
fettled  parts  of  the  State  from  north  to 
fouth,  are,  according  to  an  a^  of  the  Ict 
giflatpre,  to  be  alternately  the  feat  of 

Sov(srnmenr,  til|  abput  the  ypar  iSoq. 
lotl)  are  flourilhing  towNf.  In  1799^ 
according  to  the  ceniiis  then  taken,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  in  this  State  was 
85,589.  This  number  has  fmce  greatly 
inci;ealed.  The  people  are  an  induftri- 
ous,  brave,  hardy,  aftive,  frugal  race. 
The  foil  js  deep,  and  of  a  dark  colour^ 
rich,  moiA,  vzi-m,  and  loamy.  It  Kara 
corn  and  other  kinds  of  graih,  in  large 
quantities,  as  foiun  as  it  is  cleared  of  the 
wood,  without  any  ploughing  or  prepar- 
ation }  and  after  the  Hrft  crops,  naturally 
turns  to  rich  pa|t;«re  oi-  mowing.  The 
face  of  the  country  exhibits  vtiy  differ- 
ent profpc£l's.  Adjoining  to  the  rivers,  V 
there  are  the  wide  extenlive  plains  of  a  i. 
ftne  level  country.  At  a  fmall  dillance  ■ 
from  them,  the  land  riits  into  a  chain  of 
high  mountains,  interlefted  with  deep  ' 
and  long  vallies.  Delicending  from  the 
mountainii,  the  ftre.<ms  and  riveis  apf 
peaj-  in  every  part  of  the  country,  and 
afford  a  plentiful  fupply  of  water. 
Through  this  State  there  is  one  continu^ 
ed  range  of  mountains,  which  arecalle<J 
the  Green  Moutttainst  from  their  perpe- 
tual verdure,  and  gives  name  to  the 
State.  They  extend  from  Lower  Ca- 
nada S.  through  the  States  of  Vermont. 
Maflachnletts,  and  Conntfticut,  and 
terminate  within  a  few  miles  of  the  lea- 
coalt.  Their  general  dire^ion  is  from  . 
N.  N.  E.  to  S.  i).W.  and  their  extent  is 
through  a  tra£t  of  country,  not  lelis  than 
400  miles  in  length.  1  hey  are  generally 
from  10  to  1 5  miles  in  breadth ;  are  much 
interlctlcd  with  vr-liics;  abound  witii 
Iprings  and  Urear  of  water  j  and  are 
covered  with  woods.  Kellington  Peak,  one 
ot  the  higheft  of  the  Onen  Mountains, 
is  3,454.teet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.' 
All  the  Itreams  and  rivers  of  Vern  ont 
rife  among  the  CJrcen  Mountains,}  hbout 
35  of  tiicin  have  an  eafterly  dtre^itjni  - 
and  fall  into  Connefticut  river  j  aboui 
25  run  welterly,  and  pay  tribute  to 
Lake  Champlam.  'I'wo  or  three  run- 
ning in  the  lame  dire£lion  hill  into  Hud- 
fun's  river.    In  the  noith-eiiiterly  parte 


V  E  R 

of  the  State,  4  or  5  ftreamt  have  a  north- 
erly c|ireAion«  »n»l  iHfcharge  their  wa- 
ter«  into  Lake  McmphrenmgoK  I  from 
thrnce  through  the  river  St.  Francis, 
they  communicate  with  the  river  Sc 
Lawrence.     The  moft  confiderablc  on 
the  welt  fide  of  the  Green  Mountains 
are  OtterCreek, Onion  river,  La  Muille, 
ancT  Mifchifcoui.    On  the  eall  (Ide  of  the 
Green  Mountains,  the  rlver^  are  not  i'o 
lar^e  a«  thofe  on  the  weft,  but  tlity  are 
inoie  numerous.  The  largeft  arc  Wan- 
taiiiquek,  or  Well  river.  White  river 
and  Poouiaomliick.     The  earth  is  ge- 
f^erally   covered   with   liiow  from  the 
middle  of  December  to  the  middle  of 
March,  and  in  Tome  high  lands,  to  the 
depth  of  4  or  5  feet.     Since  the  coun- 
try hat  been  cleared,  the  winters  have 
proved   milder.     Vegetation  advances 
in  the  fpring  with  great  rapidity.     Irun 
and  icid   ores  of  leveral  kinds,  pipe- 
clay, which  has  been  wrought  into  du- 
rable c<  ucibleSy  and  quarries  yf  wliite, 
^ey,  aiKl  variegated  marble,  have  been 
iound  in  different  parts  of  this  State. 
Tile  trade  of  Vermont  is  pruicipally  to 
Bortoh,  Hartford   and  New  York  j  to 
which  places    the    inhabitants  export 
horfes,    beef,    pork,     butter,     cheele, 
wlieat,  flour,  iron,  nrtils,  pot  and  pearl 
allies.   Great  advanraires  may  accrue  to 
Vermont,  from  the  nianufaftures  of  iron. 
Large  qunntities  ot  iron-ore  are  found 
in  feveral  of  tin  towns  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the  Green  Mountams.     Tinmouth, 
Rutluiui,  Pittsford,  and  Shorehain  con- 
tain great  quantities.    Tlie  ore  in  thcfe 
towns  is  of  a  reddi/h  kind,  mixed  with 
earth,    tin6>ured  with  yellow  ore.     It 
melts  eaiily,    and  poduces  from   one- 
fourth  to   one  leventli    of    iron.      The 
iron   18  moftly  ot  the  coldfliire  kind } 
' '  'works  cafily,  and  makes  excellent  nails. 
;>  The  principal  part  of  the  ore  hitherto 
'  vfed,  has  been  brought  from  a  moun- 
tain on  the  weft  fide  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  about  4  miles  north  of  Crown*- 
Pojnt.    Some  grains  oi  pure  iron,  near 
ly  as  big  as  a  pea,  have  been  found  in 
,  this  ore.  This  ore  is  lb  peculiarly  rich, 
-  that,  whai  well  managed,  it  will  yield 
'  four-fevenths  of  pure  iron,  but  is  very 
hard  to  melt.     In  1792,  feveral  torgcs 
and  furmces  were  erefted.     In   Ben- 
4  nington  CO.  they  have  i  forge  j  in  Rut- 
land CO.  14  i  in  Addifon  co.  4  ;  and  in 
Chittenden  co.  z.   In  addition  to  which 
there  are  3  turn^es  in  Rutland  county. 


V  E  R  it^ 

From  thefe,  great  auantitica  of  lMir^t|io« 
ind  naili  ire  made.  Nature,  inilced^ 
'eems  to  have  defigned  ihia  part  of  tlie 
United  Staei  t9  be  the  £r«t  of  flouriih- 
mg  manufa£tures  of  every  thing  that 
can  be  made  of  iron  or  fteel.  The  other 
chief  manufa£kure«  are  pot  and  peaif 
a(hes»  maple  fugar,  and  fpiriti  diftilie4 
hom  grain.  Moft  familiea  manufac- 
ture a  coniiderable  part  of  their  cloath- 
ing.  In  no  country  it  common  cduca« 
tion  more  attended  to.  In  this  refpcft 
the  conduct  of  the  people  it  laudable 
and  exemplary,  '  A  charter  for  a  r'.chly 
endoweil  univeriity  wat  granted  by  the 
legiflatare  of  thit  State,  in  1791,  to  be 
eliablilhed  at  Burlington ;  and  311,000 
acres  of  land  have  been  relierved,  in  the 
leveral  grants  made  by  thit  State,  for 
the  uit;  of  the  univerfity.  In  1791,  the 
ftate  of  the  militia  wat  as  follows  t  ao 
regimenti  of  infantry,  divided  into  S 
brigades,  and  4  divifions  )  1 5  compa- 
nies of  cavalry,  and  6  companies  of  ar- 
tillery ;  the  whole  computed  at  i8,50** 
Vermont  fends  two  repreientativcs  to 
Congrel's,  and  hat  been  fettling  onljr 
fince  at.out  the  year  1764.  The  In. 
dians  were  never  numerous  here ;  and. 
at  ptefept  it  it  entirely  deftitute  of 
them. 

VffRNON,  a  place  in  Suffex  eo.  Nevr- 

Jericy,  eaft  of  the  fource  of  Wall  Kill, 

and  about  ii  miles  N.  E.  of  Newtown. 

Vernon,  Mount,  the  feat  of  General 

Wafliint;ton.     See  Mount  VernOH. 

Verrettes,  a  fcttlement  in  the 
Fi-ench  part  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Domin. 
go,  on  the  S.  W.  bank  of  Artibonite 
river  J  4  miles  S.  by  E.,  of  the  ijettle-i. 
ment  of  Petit  Riviere. 

Versailles,  the  chief  town  of 
Woodford  CO.  Kentucky  ;  fituated  on  a 
fmall  ftieam  which  falls  into  Kentucky 
river.  It  contains  a  court-houle,  ftone 
gaol,  and  about  30  houfes,  and  lies  ij 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lexington. 

VkrshiRe,  a  town.'hip  of  Vermont, 
Orange  co.  adjoining  Fairlee,  and  con- 
taining 439  inhabitants. 

\£.KT  Bay,  or  Green  Bay,  in  the 
Straits  of  Noi  thumberland,  in  N.  Ame- 
rica, opens  to  the  N.  E.  oppofite  St. 
John's  illand.  The  head  of  the  bay  ap. 
proximatcs  within  la  miles  of  the  north- 
eafternmoft  bianch  of  the  Bay  of  Fun- 
dy.  It  is  about  10  leagues  to  the  N. 
W.  of  Tatamagauche  Harbour,  and 
ferves  in  part  to  fepaiate  the  Briti(h 

piovincca 


|7i  V  I  L 

CnrincM  of  Nov«-8cotia   and  New. 
uufvyick, 

VitHL  int  «n  the  eaft  ilMre  of 
I«akt  Champliln,  fets  up  to  the  N.  E. 
Ill  th«  townlhip  of  Charlotte,  in  Ver- 
tnonu 

VicioaA-S  f/last  {Ilea  of  the  Bny  of 
llondat  on  the  coaft  of  Hondurub,  oi 
tlie  Spanifh  Main. 

ViCTOaiA,  a  town  of  New  Mexico. 
•    ViCTOftlA,   an  idiinil  on  tlie  coaft 
0f  Bt-aaii,  eaftward  of  St.  Sebaftian*» 
til  (ltd. 

Vktorv,  Crtr,  ia  the  extreme  N. 
%V.  point  of  the  Stiniti  of  M;tj»cllan,  at 
the  opening  to  ihe  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  S. 
jat.  5«.  1$.  W.  long.  76.  40. 

ViCTORYt  a  townlhip  of  Vermint, 
ituatcii  in  Etkx  co  ami  bounded  talt 
%y  Guildhall,  on  Conrtefilcut  river. 

VibNNA,  a  port  of  enu'^  and  pull- 
town  of  the  eaftern  fliore  uf  Maryland, 
Soi-chefter  coun<y,  on  the  weft  lide  of 
Nanticoke  river,  aboat  1 5  ntiUi  from  its 
mouth.  It  contains  about  ^o  hoult-it, 
but  carriei  on  a  brifk  trade  wiih  the 
neighbouring fea-ports,  in  lumHrr,  corn, 
wheat,  tec.  its  foreign  exports  in  1 794-t 
•nraunted  to  1,667  dollars.  It  isi  1  j 
niles  N.  W.  of  Silifljury,  3*  S-  S.  E. 
tot  Eafton,  and  150  S.  S.  W.  of  Pliila. 
delphia. 

VIENNA,  the  capital  of  Greene  co. 
Kentucky  ;  fitnatcd  on  tlie  nftrth  fide  of 
ijreen  river,  about  158  miics  W.S.W. 
•f  Lexington. 

ViiiLA  Je  Mofc,  a  town  in  the  pro- 
vince cf  Tabaico,  4  leagues  from  the 
town  of  Eftape,  on  Tabafco  river. 

Vjlla  f/ermofo,  a  town  of  Mexico  or 
New-Spain,  near  the  mouth  of  a  river 
which  lalls  into  the  Bay  of  Campeuchy, 
and  G«lf  of  Mexico. 

Villa  Notai  in  Brazil,  about  120 
miies  weft  o(  Porto  Stguro,  and  as  fa)' 
iuurh-eaft  by  foulh  of  Carlofa. 

Villa  Hica,  ov  Aimer ia^  a  town  of 
Tlufcala  crNcw-Spain,  inN.  America. 
It  itands  on  the  coaft  on  a  fmnll  river, 
having 'an  indititrcnt  port,  but  in  a  bet- 
ter air  than  Vera  Cruz,  20  Ica3;ues  nt'i  th 
of  the  latter.  A  clandeiUne  trade  is 
tarried  on  here  between  fome  o\  tiie 
iiipanilh  merchants  on  (liore,  and  tlie 
Frmch  oT  St.  Domingo  and  Martinique. 

Villim,  La,  a  town  and  rivtr  of  Vcr- 
agwa  and  Guntitnala  audience,  in  New- 
Spain.  It  is  about  7  leagues  from  Nala, 
^t/fdciing  on  Panama.    The  river  Is 


VI  K 

very  largti  ard  at  low  water  breakt  at 
the  mouth  at  on  a  flat  (hore )  to  that 
large  Ihipa  anchor  within  cannon  Ihot, 
but  barks  of  about  40  tons  may  go  up 
about  a  league  and  a  half.  The  harbour 
i*  n  quarts  r  uf  a  league  above  the  town. 
About  a  league  to  the  windward,  it  a 
lirge  rock,  gitivrally  covMcd  with  vaft 
numbers  01  wild  tuwl. 

Vinalhavkn,  a  townAiip  on  tha 
CO  tft  of  the  Ddlrifl  of  Maine,  in  Han- 
cock CO.  containing  578  inhabitants.  It 
is  fouth  caft  of  Dew  Ifland,  and  35^ 
miles  from  Bofton. 

Vincent*,  Fart,  in  theN.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, (tands  on  the  taft  fide  of  Wabalh 
liver,  150  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  waa 
ere6>t:d  in  the  year  1 7*7,  in  orler  to  re- 
pel the incuriions ui  theWab.lhlndians, 
unii  to  liicure  the  wcltcrn  lands  fi''im  in- 
truding fettlers.  It  has  4  fmall  brafa 
cannon,  and  is  gcrrifoned  hy  a  Major 
;ind  1  companies.  I'he  town  of  Vin- 
cents contained,  in  1797,  about  i,joo 
touls,  principally  of  French  extra£lion. 
It  is  300  miles  S.  W.  of  Fort  Recovery. 
N.  lat.  39.  I  s-  W.  long.  90.  7,  They 
raile  Indian  corn,  and  wheat }  and  to- 
bacco of  an  extraordinary  good  quality  4 
I'uperier,  it  is  faid,  to  that  produced  iu 
Virginia.  They  have  a  fine  breed  of 
horJes,  brought  originally  by  tlie  In- 
dians from  the  SpamOi  fettlemcnts,  on 
the  weftern  fide  of  the  Miilifippi.  Here 
are  large  herds  of  fwiiie,  and  black  cat- 
tle«  and  the  Ici tiers  deal  with  the  In- 
dians ior  furs  and  decr-lkins.  Hemp 
of  a  good  quality  grows  f^>...iitaneoufly 
in  th»  low  lands  of  the  Wabalh ;  as  do 
grapes,  uf  which  4he  inhabitants  make 
a  fufficient  ^uantity^  for  their  own  con- 
fumption,  ot  well-tatted  red  wine.  Hops* 
large  and  good,  are  found  in  many 
places,  and  the  lands  are  particularly 
adapted  to  the  culture  of  rice.  Afl 
Euiopean  fruits  thrive  well,  both  here» 
and  in  the  country  bordering  on  the 
river  Ohio. 

VinClnt,  ^/.  one  of  the  14  captain- 
ships of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  and  tli« 
molt  ibutherly  one.  The  capital  is  aa 
inconfiderable  place,  with  only  about  60 
houfes,  and  the  harbour  will  not  receive 
large  vcHlls.  It  has  5  or  6  fugar- mills, 
and  lies  76  leagues  fouth-vveft  of  Rio 
Janeiro.  S.  lat.  13. 40.W.  long.  45.  10. 

Vincent,  St.  a  town  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil;  fiiuatcd  on  Amiaz  Ifland,  in 
the  Bay  of  All  Saints  or /Santos :  in 

wnicli 


\ 


.   VIN 

Wh'tfi  idand  it  the  city  of  Dot  SanCloi, 
the  iflaiut  lyiitg  on  the  well  fitle  bf  the 
tntrance  into  the  ifland.  S.  lat.  S4>  15. 
W.  loitg.  46.  30. 

ViNCKNT,  dt  la  PaztJt  St.  or  Ottdat 
a  town  of  Popayan  ami  Terra  Finnai 
in  8.  America)  aliout  15  inilet  eallvvard 
of  San  Stbaltian,  with  a  port  where  ca> 
noet  from  Carthogeiu  aAd  St.  Martha 
unload  their  merchandize. 

ViNCKNT,  a  townfhij)  of  Pernifylva- 
Ilia,  fitiinted  in  Chefter  county. 

Vincent,  St.  one  of  the  Caiibhee 
IflaiuU,  in  the  American  ocean.    It  lie» 
between  61.  10.  and  61.  18.  W.  long, 
and  between  13.  5.  and  13.  19.  M.  lit. 
being  about  17  niile>  long  from  the  enll 
Qdt  of  Tyrrc-rH  Bny,  the  extreme  fuuth- 
cm  pointof  the  idaud  to  Tarraty  Puint, 
iti  northern  extremity}  and  nbont  10 
broad  fiom  the  mouth  of  Culoncry  rivtr, 
caft  to  Cumberland  Biy,  at  the  mouth 
of  Wafliilabo  river  on  the  weft.    On 
this  ifland  aif  I'cveral  mountains,  which 
crofa  it  irom  north  to  Couth,  from  which 
tfl'ue  fevtrnl  rivers  full  of  fifli )  amon^ 
which  are  22  capable  of  turning  Ingar- 
mills :  thefe  mountiint  are  tn  general  of 
an  eafy  afcent  ^  the  vallies  fertile  ami  ex- 
tenlive,  and  the  clearing  tiie  ground  has 
niidered  tlie  climate  healthy.  Of  S^^tooo 
acres  which  the  iflanct  contains,  «3,&C5 
are  at  prcfent  poflllTed  by  Britifli  Tub- 
}e6ts,  and  about  as  inueh  more  is  fuppof- 
ed  to  be  held  by  the  Ch  raibes;  and  the 
remainder  i»  thought  to  be  incapable  of 
cultivadon.    This  is  the  only  i(!and  of 
the  Antilles,  where  the  fmall  rctoninb 
of  the  natives  (with  a  mixture  of  negro 
blood)  exift   in  the  form  of  a  natiun. 
At  the  peace  in   1763,  the  British  gu- 
vemment  fold  tlie  lands  of  St.  Vincent, 
as  It  had  thofe  of  Tobago,  and  left  the 
Fx'ench  (whom  tiie  fcsr  of  confilcation 
had  not  Jpven  away)  thole  thi-y  puf 
feftd,  puying  a  moderat«  finr,  and   a 
yearly  rent  ftill  moi-e  moderate^    Thc/e 
proceedings  encroaching  upon  tl^e  pol- 
feiBonsof  theCharaibcii.occarioned  rhtir 
rcfiftance,  which  the  troops  lent  againft 
them  could  not  I'ubdue,    and   a  p<;ace 
was  concluded  with  them  in  1773,  and 
lands  alHgned  theni}  fnice  that  time  St. 
Vincents  nas  enjoyed  internal  tra:iq.uiU 
lity.  The  number  ol  inhabitants  app  :ars 
to  be  1,450 whites,  and  11,853  negroes. 
St.  Vincents  is  divided  into  4  parilhes, 
St.  David,  St.  Patrick,  St.  Andrew,  and 
it,  George.    Its  town*'  are  Kingfton, 


VIR  f}f| 

the  cmltaY,  and  Rtchmond  1  tin  other* 
are  vilhigcf  or  hamleti,  at  the  fihfcfal  bay» 
and  landing  placet.  The  iflanda  defm>> 
dent  on  theSt.  Vineem'e  goeemmciMV 
are  Bcquia,    containing  3,700  aereii 
Union,  1,150  acres  I  CSnouane,  1,777 
acres )  and  Muftiqiie,  about  i,«oeacrev. 
Of  the  above  11,153  negioee,  aboill; 
1,400  are  employed  in  the  ct»lrivatton  «(f 
thetit  iilands.     1  here  are  likewift  tb* 
little  iaots  of  Petit  Martinique,  Petit  8r. 
Vincent,  and  Ballefeau,  each  of  which. 
produces  a  little  cotton.    The  total  e«w 
uorts  in  178s,  in  i«t  vefTels,  fromSk. 
Vincents,  amounted  in  value,  according 
to  the  current  prices  in   London,   to 
,^186,450  I  14  I  8,  including  exports  to 
the  American  States,  to  the  value  ot' 
yC9iOi9  in*  fterling.      The  cargoua 
conTifted  of  65,i»8  cwt.    i   qr.  »7lb'. 
fug.ir)  88,166  gallons  rum  ;  9,656  gat. 
Ions  moiafles  {  634  cwt.  1  qr.  51b  coK> 
fee  {    7<ir,88o  lb».  cotton  }    143  cwt. 
S4lb.  cocoa }  befides  hides,  dying  w«)oda, 
&c.     Here   they    cuhivate  cinnamon, 
mango,  fcfamum,  vanilla*  China  tallow- 
tree,  camphor,  gwm-ftorax,  Su.'    It  h 
about  10  leagues  weft  of  Barbadoet. 

Vincent,  Part  St.  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  k  6  milea 
N.  N.  E.  of  I  lie  mouth  of  the  river  Bio- 
bio,  having  a  iafe  hai-boiir,  and  li;cure 
againft  all  winds  but  the  weft,  whiclk 

blows  right  in.     Talcag^ama  Port  is  6 

miles  to  the  northward  of  it. 
ViHCENTO,  a  channel  which  goes  in 

on  the  weft  lide  of  the  channel  of  Amiar 

liland,  in  the  Bay  of  All  Suints,  on  the 

coaft  ol  Brazil. 
ViNEK's  (/Zoitx/j    in  Hudfon's  Bay„ 

lies  N.  E.  cf  the  niuuth  of  Albany  river. 
Vineyard,  New,  'a  plantation  in 

Lincoln  co.  DiAri6l  of  Maine,  on  the 

twu  north-eaftecnmoft  branches  of  Sandy 

river,    about   59    miles   N.  by  W.  of! 

Bruniwick,  and  ^7  N.W.  of  Hallowell. 
Vineyard  .^oun^,  on  the  S.  eaftern 

coalt  of  Mafl'achulelts,  is  the  ftrait  ot 

pailage  between   the  Elizabeth  .Iflands. 

and   Martha's  Vineyard.     The  S.  W. 

channel  of  which,  about  7  miles  bro^d^ 

has  Gay  Head  on  the  S.  £.  and  the- 

Sow  and  Pigs  on  the  N.  W. 
Viper  Key,'  one  of  the  Tortugae,  on 

the  coaft  of  Florida ;  5  miles  N.  eall- 

ward  of  Duck  Key,  and  3|  £.  of  Old 

Matacombe. 

Virgil,  a  military  townfhipofOnon-  < 

dago  CO.  New. York,,  having  Dryden  ont, 


iIm  W.CinctnnatutE.  KbmerN.^Mon 
Mm  8.  »3,o«oo«  acR*  of  bml  on  Siiiquc> 
Imnahnvcr,  ceded  to  tlu  Stat*  of  Maf- 
laclmlttia.  It  UundenbcjurUdiAionof 
Horner^ wliich  waft  ihcor|ioraic(l  in  1 794. 

ViRpIN  GOHDA,oiw  of  the  pi-inckpal 
•f  Ibc  Virgiu  Ilka,  in  the  Wciktndici. 
It  lica  4  Wa^ct  to  the  £.  of  Tonu)a, 
and  of  a  very  irrtsular  <ha|ie.  Itt 
frefttitfit  kngrli  trom  £.  to.W.  it  about 
at  ntiU*  t  ill  worle  «»atered  than  Toi'> 
tuia»  Kiid  hna  fewer  inhabitanti.  A 
apuntain  v^hich  lit'ca  in  ita  tentre,  t* 
■dirmcd  tf>  contain  a  filver  mint.  N. 
kt.  iH.  18.  Wi  long.  64. 

VIRO(NIA,oneuf  the  United  States^ 
Eea  betwetn  }6«  30.  nnd  40  30.  N  Jat. 
an) between 7 5.  54>and  83. 8.  W. long. 
Ir  ia  in  length  446  milea,  in  breadth  a  14 ; 
containing  about  70,000  fqunrfe  milea. 
Bounded  nortli  by  Maryland^  part  of 
Pennlylvauia,  ami  Ohio  river ;  weft  by 
Kentuchv)  tbuth  by  North  Carolina, 
anil  eaft  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Thiit 
State  i»  divided  into  8%  counties,  (and 
by  another  divifionintoparifhei)  which, 
ivitb  the  number  of  inhabitants,  ac* 
•ordingto  the  eenfus  of  1790,  are  men- 
'.  in  the  following  tablet 


Via- 


tABLfi. 


Wtfinf 

Ohio 

Monongalia 

Walhington 

Montgomery 

Wythe 

Botetourt 

Oreenbriar 

Kannwa 

Mampfhire 

Berlcly 

Frederick 

Shenandoah 

Roekinghaiti 

Angufta      - 

Rockbridge 


tbt  Blue  Ridgt. 

tiMtK       TO.  Inilabif; 
•        itl 

-   »54 

456 


} 


5211 

56*5 


1087   «375» 


319 

1932 
4450 

5»» 

77» 

1232 
681 


6015 

7346 

19713 
I9681 
IO5IO 

7449 
10886 

6548 


tetwoeen  the  Blue  PiJge  and  ibe  Tide 
H^alen. 


Loodbun 
Fauquier 
Culpepper 
^Spotlylvania 
Orange      • 
Louita 
G«o«iiIaiid 


4030 
6^42 
8226 

1933 
4421 

4573 
4<5j6 


18962 
17892 
22105 

II2J2 
9921 
8467 
$053 


Flavania 

Albiroarle 

Artihc'rft 

Buekingbam 

Bedford     - 

Henry 

Pittlylirtnii 

Halitas      ;. 

Chai  lotte 

Prince  EdwaM 

Ctimberlaiwi 

Ptiwiiatan 

Amelia  1 

Nottaway         ] 

Lunenburg 

Metklcnbufg 

Bfiinfwitk 


•llTlt. 

t44« 

S579 
5296 
4168 

■7S4 

*m 
sm 

4ii< 
3986 

4434 
43«S 

11307 

433* 
6762 
6778 


TkldUtik 

39* « 
i»Sl| 

13703 
9779 

«053« 
«479 

"579 

I47»» 

1 007 1 
8100 

682s 

1809/ 

*9S9 
»473J 
12827 


between  Jami  tUver  and  CaMina; 


Greenfyille 
Dinwiddle 
Chefterfiekl 
Prince  Georgtf 
Surry 

Suflex         ^ 
Southampton 
Ifle  of  Wight 
Nanfemond 
Norfolk      ■ 
PrineelK  Ann 


3620 
7334 
74«7 
45«9 
3097 

5387 
5993 
3867 
3817 

5345 


636a 

»3914 

*4»i4 

817J 

6127 

10554 

12864 

9028 

9010 

*45»4i 

7791 


Between  James  and  York  Rweri. 


Henrico 
Hanover 
New- Kent 
Charles  City 
James  City 
Williamiburg  ; 
York  t 

Warwick 
Elizabeth  City 


5819 
8223 

3700 
3141 

2405 

2760 

990 
1876 


11006 

»475+ 
6239 

5518 

5*33 

1690 

345» 


Between  fori  and  Rappabannoci 
Rivers. 


Caroline 

King  William  - 

King  and  Queen 

EffeX 

Middlefex 

Gloucelier 


10^92 

5»5« 
5H3 
5440 
a558 
7063 


^7489 
8122 

9377 
9122 

4146 
I349S 


Betiveen  Rappahannock  and  Pa- 

tvwmack  Rivers. 
Fairfax      -       -    4574      12320 
Prince  William      4704      1161/ 
Stafford       -      -    4036         9j84 
King  George     .    4157        7366 


Vl«l 


iWHUlt. 

•Ut««. 

T*.  UtltlU. 

Jtichmond         • 
WrltmorrUnd 

39>4 

69115 

4415 

77a» 

Northumberland 

44«o 

9163 

Lancafter 

1»J« 

J63« 

Etffttrn 

Sitfi. 

Accomac 

4161 

n959 

Northampton    • 

3»44 

<S>9 

HtV)  CouHtiu. 

Campbell 
Franklin      •     * 

«4tt 

76SS 

107  s 

6841 

Harrilbn            •* 

67 

%nio 

Ranct.><'h 

«9 

9S« 

Hardy 

369 

T'TS* 

PvmWIton 

71 

»45i 

Rua'el        .       . 

190 

3338 

Whole  miniberof  Inhab.  747,610 
Oi  whom  t^i,6iy  were  llaves. 

tn  an  extenllvre  cotmtry,  it  will  he  ex- 
bcfled  that  the  climate  i»  not  the  fame 
III  all  its  parts.    It  is  remiukahle  that, 
proceeding  on  the  Htme  parallel  of  lati- 
tude wettwaidly,  the  climate  becomes 
colder  in  like  manner  as  when  yuu  pro> 
ieed  northwardly.     This  continues  to 
he  the  cafe  till  you  attain  the  fummit  of 
the  Alleghatiyi  which  is  tlte  hi&;liefl  land 
between  the  ocean  and  the  MifHlippi. 
Ji'rom  thence,  dcfcending  in  the  lame 
latitude  to  the  Mifllfippit  the  change  re- 
verfes ;  and,  if  we  may  believe  travel 
lers,  it  beccunes  warmer  there  than  it  is 
in  the  i^ime  latitude  un  the  fea  fide. 
Their  tcttimony  is  (trencrthened  by  the 
vegetables  and  animals  wliich  fubfilt  and 
multiply  there  natural'y,  and  do  not  on 
the  fea-coail.  Thntf  catalpjs  grow  fpoh- 
taneouAy  on  the  MlHlfippi,  an  far  as  the 
latitude  of  37.  and  reeds  as  far  as  38. 
PaiToquets  even  winter  on  the  Scioto, 
in  the  39th  degree  of  lititnde.     The  S. 
W.  winds,  eali  of  the  mountains,  arc 
tnoft   predominant.     Next  to  thefe,  on 
the  fea-coall,  the  N.E.  and  at  the  moun- 
tains, the  N.VV.  winds  pi'evai].     The 
ditterence  between  thele  winds  is  very 
great.     The  north-eali  is   loaded  wbh 
vapuur,  infomuch  thnt  the  fait  manufac- 
turers  have  foumi   that  their  cryftals 
would  not  flioot  while  that  blows ;   it 
occafions  a  dillrelUng  chill, and  a  heavi- 
ncl's  and  depreHlon  of  the  Iplrits.   The 
north  weft  is  dry,  cooling,  elatlic  and 
animating.      The    eaft  and  fouth-eaft 
luvczes  come  on  generally  in  the  after- 


VI  »  „t 

noon.    Tbey  have  advnncfd  Into  iJ^ 
country  vei^  fimfihl^  within  the  m^motf 
of  people  now  living.     Mr.  JcScrfm 
rcckuns  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold 
to  be  9I  above,  and  6  below  o«  in  Fa* 
renheit^e  TheinMfmercr.     The  mootho 
of  June  kiwi  July,  thotrgli  often  the  hot- 
teA,  are  the  mott  hetllhy  in  the  ycai-4 
The  weather  is  then  tiry  and  lels  liable 
to  change  than  in  Auguft  and  Septtm* 
her,  when  the  rain  commences,  ai)«lu4« 
den  variations  take  place.    On  the  (m^ 
coall  the  land  is  low,  generally  within 
11  feet  of  the  level  of  the  fea,  intcrlc^« 
ed  in  a'l  dire£liuns  with  fait  creeks  anA 
rivers,  the  heads  of  which  form  fwampo 
and  ninrHies,  aud  fenny  groiinil,  cover* 
ed  with  water,  ill  wet  liralbns.      Tht 
uncultivated    lands   are   covered  witk 
large  trees,  and  thick  underwood.   Tho 
vicinity  of  tite  fea,  and  fait  creekt  and 
rivers,  ocrafion  a  conltant  inoifture  and 
warmth  of  the  atmofpliere,  fo  that  al« 
though  nnder  the  fame  latituilr,  too  oir. 
1 50  miles  in  the  country,  deep  fnowt^ 
and  froien  rivers  frequently  happen,  i'ag_ 
a  (hort  feUibn,  vet  here  fueh  occurs 
rences  are  confidered    at   phenomena  J 
for  thefe  realbns,  tlie  trees  are  often  ia 
bloom  as  early  as  the  lalt  of  Februaiyi 
from  this  period,  however,  till  the  cimI 
of  April,  the  inhabitants  are  incoin-* 
nioded  by  cold  rains,  piercing  winds,  and 
ftiarp  fioks,  which  fubjeiSls  them  to  tiio 
inflammatory  difcafes,  fuch  as  pleuriiy 
and  peripneumonv.     The  chief  riviva 
are    Roanoke,    James's,    Nanfemond^ 
Chickahominy,  Appamatox,  Kivaniui^ 
York,  Piankatank,  Rappahannock,  Pa- 
towniick,  Slwnandoah,  and   the  great 
Kanhaway.     I'hefe  rivers  and  creek* 
are    defcribed    uni.kr    theii-  refpe£Uve 
names.    They  abound  with  fi(h  of  vari-* 
oiiii  kinds,  as  (lurgeon,  Hukl,  b3fs,car|v 
flieepdiead,  drum,  herrings,  perch,  cat.. 
Hlh,  oyileis,  crab&,  &c.     It  is  worthy 
notice,  that  the  mountains  arc  not  fuli- 
tary  and   fcattcrcd  confufaily   over  tlw 
face  ot  the  country ;  but  commence  at 
about  150  niiKs  from  the  l«a-coalt,  are 
dii'pofed  in  lidgts  one  behind  another^ 
running  nuariy   parallel  with  the  k». 
coaft,  thougi;  rather  approaching  it  a* 
hey  advance  norih-ealtwardly.   See  Ai- 
kghany  Mountains.     In  the  /anvi. direc- 
tion generally  are  the  veins  oninie-l^onff 
coal,  and  other  nuiuiats  hitjierto  difcu- 
vtred ;,  and  Jo  rang.;  tlie  falls  of  the  ^reHt 
riveis.     But  the  couiits  of  the  great 

riv%;'« 


S76 


Vlft 


liven  are  iit  right  angles  with  tttefe. 
J&mce  andPatowmack  penetrate  through 
all  the  ridges  of  ir'>untains  railward  of 
the  Alleghany,  w^ich  is  broken  by  no 
water-cottrle.  It  is  in  Taft  the  fpine  of 
the  cocmtry  between  the  Atlantic  on  one 
iide»  and  the  Mtflifippi  and  St.  Lawrence 
•n  the  other.  The  paiTage  of  the  Pa- 
towmack  through  the  Blue  Ridge  is  per- 
haps one  of  the  molt  ftunendous  fccnes 
in  nature.  The  mountains  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  of  thefe,  the  Peaks  of  Ot. 
ter,  are  thought  to  be  of  a  greater  height 
sneafured  from  their  baie,  than  any 
others  in  Virginia,  and  perhaps  in  North- 
America.  From  data,  which  may  found 
a  tolerable  conjeftuie,  we  Aippol'e  the 
higheft  peak  to  be  about  400  feet  per- 
pendicular, which  is  not  r  fifth  pnrt  of 
the  height  of  the  mountains  of  South- 
America,  nor  one  third  of  the  height 
which  wotild  be  neccflary  in  our  trtri- 
tude  to  prefcrve  ice  in  the  cpen  aif  ui:- 
Velted  throtigh  the  year.  The  ridge 
of  mountains  next  beyond  the  Blue 
Ridge, .  called  tlie  North  Mountain,  is 
«t  the  greateft  extent;  for  which, rea- 
fen  they  ..re  named  by  the  Indians  the 
Endlefs  Mountains.  The  Ouafioto 
Mountains  are  50  or  60  miles  wide  at 
the  Gap.  Thele  mountains  abound  in 
coal,  lime, and  free  Done}  the  I'umraits 
of  them  are  generally  covered  with  a 
food  ioil,  and  a  variety  of  timber }  and 
the  low,  intervale  lands  arc  rich  and  re- 
markabty  well  watered.  The  whole 
country  below  the  mountains,  which  arc 
about  150,  fome  fay  200  miles  from  the 
fea,  is  level,  and  fcems  from  various  ap- 
pearances to  have  been  once  walked  by 
the  lea.  The  land  between  York  and 
James  rivers  is  very  level,  anti  its  fur- 
ttcc  about  40  feet  above  high  watci* 
nark.  It  appears  from  obfervation,  to 
have  iriicn  to  its  pietent  height  nt  dif- 
ftrent  periods  far  diliant  from  e.ich  other, 
and  that  at  thcfe  periods  it  was  wailied 
by  the  fea  ;  for  near  Yorktown,  where 
the  banks  aie  perpendicular,  yuu  iirft 
lee  a  fratum,  intermixed  with  fmall 
ihelis  relembling  a  mixture  of  clay  and 
isiod,  and  about  5  feet  thick ;  on  this 
lies  horizontally,  fmall  white  (hells, 
cockle,  clam,&c.  an  inch  or  two  thick ; 
then  a  body  of  earth  fliniiar  to  that  firit 
■tentioned,  18  inches  thick;  thenalayer 
of  Oiells  and  another  body  of  earth; 
on  this  a  layer  of  3  feet  of  white  (hells 
inaxS.  with  faad,  on  which  lay  a  body 


V  IR 

of  cyfter  (hells  6  feet  thick,  which  wwt 
covered  with  e:»rth  to  the  furface.  The 
oyPer  (hells  are  fo  united  by  a  very 
(Irong  cement,  that  they  fall  only  when 
undermined,  and  then  in  large  bo«lief 
from  X  to  20  tons  weight.  They  have 
the  appearance  of  large  rocks  on  the 
(liore.  The  loll  below  the  m;>untain» 
fcems  to  have  acquired  a  charafter  for 
goodnefs  which  it  by  no  nuans  delerves. 
Though  not  rich,  it  is  well  fuited  to  the 
growth  of  tobacco  and  Indian  com,  and 
parts  of  it  for  wheat.  Good  crops  of 
cotton,  flax  and  hemp  are  alfo  raifed  j 
and  in  Ibme  counties  they  have  plenty 
of  cyder,  and  exquifiie  brandy,  diltilled 
from  peaches,  which  grow  in  great 
abundance  upon  the  numerous  rivers  of 
the  Chefapeak.  The  planters,  before 
the  war,  paid  their  principal  attention 
to  the.  culture  of  tobacco,  of  which  there 
ufed  to  be  exported,  generally,  55,000 
hog(heads  a  year.  Since  the  revolu- 
tion, they  are  turning  their  attention 
more  totne  cultivation  of  wheat,  Indian' 
corn,  barley,  flax  and  hemp.  It  is  ex- 
pelled that  this  State  will  add  the  ar- 
ticle of  rice  to  the  lift  of  her  exports } 
as  it  is  fuppofed,  a  large  body  of  Iwamp 
in  the  eafternmoft  counties,  13  capable 
of  producing  it.  Horned  or  neat  cattle 
are  bred  in  great  numbers  in  tlic  wellern 
counties  of  Virginia,  as  well  as  in  the 
States  (buth  of  it,  v/here  they  have 
an  extenltve  rang.;,  and  mild  winters, 
without  any  permanent  fnows.  They 
run  at  large,  are  not  houfcd,  andmulti^ 
ply  very  raft.  '♦  In  the  lower  parts  of 
the  State  a  difeafe  prevailed  fome  years 
ago  among  the  neat  cattle,  which  proved 
fatal  to  all  that  were  not  bred  there.  The 
oxen,  from  the  more  northern  States, 
which  were  employed  at  the  (iege  of 
Yorktown,  in  Oftober,  1781,  almoft  all 
died,  ibmetimes  40  of  them  in  a  night, 
and  often  fuddenly  dropped  down  dead 
in  the  roads.  It  is  faid  that  the  li;eds 
of  this  difeafe  were  brought  from  the, 
Havanna  to  South- Carolina  or  Georgia 
in  fome  hides,  and  that  the  difeali;  has 
progrcflld  northward  to  Virginia.  Lord 
Dunmore  imported  fome  cattle  from 
Rhode- Ifland,  and  kept  them  confined 
in  a  fmall  pafture,  near  his  feat,  where 
no  cattle  had  been  for  fome  years,  and 
where  they  could  not  intermix  with 
other  cattle,  and  yet  they  foon  died.** 
The  gentlemen,  being  fond  of  pleafuiVi 
have  taken  much  pain*  to  raiie  a  good 


V  I  R 

breed  of  hoiTes,  and  have  fucceeded  !n 
it  beyond  any  of  the  States.    They  will 
give   loool.    fterling  for  a  good   i'eeil 
noiTe.     Horfe  racing'' h»8   had  a  pient 
tendency  to  cncour;\2;e  the  breeding  of 
good  hdrfes,  as  it  affords  an  opportunity 
rtf  putting  them  to   the  trial  of  theii 
fpeedi     They  are   nriore  elegant,   and 
will  perform    more  fervice,  than   the 
horfes  of  the  northern  States.     Caves 
among  the  mountains,  have  lately  beer 
difcovered,  which  yield  falt-petre  in  fuch 
abundance,  that  500,000  pounds  of  it 
might  be  collected  from  them  annually. 
Virginia  is  the  moft  pregnant  wit!*  r.i.-ie 
rals  and  fofltls  of  any  State  in  the  Union. 
A  (ingle  lump  of  gold  ore  has  been 
found,  near  the  falls  of  Rnppahannock 
river,  which  yielderl  17  dwt.  of  gold,  of 
extraordinary  dnjlility.     No  other  in. 
dication  of  gold  has  been  dilcovcred  in 
its  neighbourhood.    On  the  great  Kan- 
haway,  oppofite  to  the  mouth  of  Crip- 
ple Creek,  and  alfo  about  »5  miles  from 
the  fouthem  boundary  of  the  State,  in 
the  county  of  Montgomery,  are  mines 
of  lead.    The  metal  is  mixed,  ibme- 
tiir«es  with  earth,  and  fometimes  with 
rock,  which  requires  the  force  of  g\m- 
powder  to  open  it ;  and  is  accompanied 
with  a  portion  of  filver,  too  I'mall  to 
be  worth  ''  paration,  under  aviy  procefs 
hitherto  attempted  there.    Th«;  propor- 
tion  yielded  is  from  50  to  8olb.  of  pure 
metal  from  looib.  of  waflied  ore'.    The 
moft   common  is   that  of  60  to.  the 
loolb.     Copper,  iron,  black-lead,  coal, 
marble,  lime-ftone,  &c.  are  found  in  this 
country.    Cryftals  are  common.    Some 
amethyfts,  and  one  emerald  have  been 
difcovered.   Every  able  bodied  freeman, 
between  the  ages  of  16  and  50,  is  en- 
rolled in  the  militia.     Thofe  of  every 
county  are  formed  into  companies,  and 
thele  again  into  one  or  more*battMlions. 
according  to  the  tiumbers  in  the  county. 
They  are  commanded  by  Colonels  and 
other  fuboixlinate  officers,  as  in  the  regu- 
lar fervice.  In  every  county  is  a  county 
lieutenant,  who  commands  the  whole 
militia  in  his  county,  but  ranks  only  as 
a  Colonel  in  the  field.    They  have  no 
general  officers  always  exifting.    Thefe 
are  appointed  occifionallyi  when  an  in> 
vafion    or  inl'urreAion    happens,   and 
their  commiflion  ceafes  witn  tne  occa- 
fion.    The  Governor  is  head  of  the  mi- 
litary as  well  as  civil  power.    The  law 
l^i^uirct  every  militia  man  t9  providt 


V  tR 


577 


hlmfelf  with  the  arms  ufual  in  the  re- 
gular fervice.  The  interfcftion  of  Vir- 
ginia by  fo  many  navigable  rivers,  ren- 
ders it  almoft  incapable  of  defence. 
As  the  land  will  not  f'upport  a  great 
number  of  people, '  a  force  cannot  loon 
be  colle£led  to  repel  a  I'udden  invafion., 
If  tiie  malitta  bear  the  fame  prdportion 
to  the  nimiber  of  inhabitants  now,  as  ia 
178%,  they  amount  to  about  68,000. 
This  ftate  is  not  divided  into  townfhipSy 
nor  are  there  any  towns  of  confequence« 
owing  probably  to  the  interfcaion  of 
the  country  by  navigable  rivers,  which 
brings  the  trade  to  the  doors  of  the  in- 
habitants, and  prevents  the  neceffity  of 
their  goin^  in  queft  of  it  to  a  diflance. 
The  principal  towns,  or  more  pro{)erly 
villages  or  hamlets,  are  as  follows. 
On  James  river,  and  its  waters,  Nor- 
folk. Portfm.outh,  Hampton,  Suffolk, 
Smithiield,  Williamfburg,  Petcrfburg, 
Richmond,  the  feat  of  goverment,  Man- 
chefter,  Charlottefville,  New-London. 
—On  York  river,  and  its  waters,  Vork, 
Newcallle,  Hanover.— On  Rappanhan- 
nock,  Urhanna,Port-Koyal,  Fredcrickf- 

burgj  Falmouth. ^On  Patowmack, 

and  its  waters,  Dumfries,  Colchefler, 
Alexandria,  Winchefler,  and  Staunton • 
There  ai-e  places,  at  which,  like  fome 
of  the  foregoing,  the  laws  have  faid 
there  fliall  be  towns ;  but  nature  hat 
laid  there  fhall  not,  and  they  remain 
unworthy  of  enumeration.  Norfolk 
wi..  probably  become  the  emporium 
for  all  the  trade  of  the  Chefapealc 
Bay  and  its  waters ;  and  a  canal  of 
8  or  10  miles,  which  is  contemplated, 
and  will  probably  loon  be  completed, 
will  bring  to  it  all  that  of  Albemarle 
Sound  and  its  waters.  Secondary  to 
this  place,  are  the  towns  at  the  head  of 
the  tide  waters,  to  wit,  Petcrfburg  on 
Appamattox,  Richmond  on  James  river, 
Newcaftle  on  York  river,  Frederickf- 
burgon  Rappahannock,  and  Alexan^. 
dria  on  Patowmack.  From  theie  the 
dilhibution  will  be  to  Aibordin  ,'e 
iltuatiuns  of  the  country.  Accidenial 
circumftances,  however,  niav  ccmrol 
the  indications  of  nature,  and  in  no  in« 
lUnces  do  they  do  it  moie  fr(.qucnil3r 
than  in  the  rife  and  fall  of  towns.  Thtf 
college  of  William  and  Mary  was  touiid- 
ed  about  the  beginning  of  this  ccn< 
tury.  Sea  WtUiamJhurg.  The  academy" 
in  r.'ince  Edward  county  has  been 
eivAed  into  «  college  .  by  the  name  of 
0  0  Hamptjen 


J.  ,. 


57B 


VIH 


¥0L 


If^mpden  Sidney  CoUe|;e.  There  are  I  to  which  depend  Lavango,  Cam,  utA 
i.L_  ,f  ...J  ._  ..«•_.  Witch  Iflands}  and  they  have  alfo  San- 
ta Ifland,  or  St.  Croix .  The  Spaniards 
claim  Serpent's  Ifland,  (called  by  the 
Britiih  Green  Ifland)  the  Tropic  Keys, 
Great  and  Little  Pafliigs  ^ilakid,  and 

Eartiadarly  Crab  Iflnnd.  The  booby 
irds  are  fo  tame  on  Bird  Ifland,  that  a  - 
man,  it  is  faid,  in  a  fl>ort  time,  may 
catcli  fufiicient  in  his  hand  to  fupply 
a  fleet.  Thefe  iflands  lie  about  lat. 
18.  lo.  N.  and  thu  courfe through  them, 
with  due  attention,  is  perfeflly  i'afe  at 
weft  by  north,  and  welt-north- weft  as 
far  as  the  weft  end  of  the  fourth  ifland. 


a.  number  of  academies  in  di&rent 
j^arts  of  Virginia,  one  at  Alexandria, 
one  at  Noifolk,  one  at  Hanover,  and 
others  in  other  places.  The  prefent 
denominations  or  Chriftians  in  Virgi- 
nia are  Prefbyterians,  who  are  nioft  nu- 
merous, Epilcopa^ansi  Baptifls,  and 
Method^fts .  The  exports  or  this  State, 
in  the  year  1791,  ending  Sept.  30tl), 
amounted  to  3,131,217  dollars;  in 
J79* — 3»S49»499  dollars;  in  1793 — 
*j9*4.3»7»  in  i794— 3.3»»>49+  dol- 
I;trs}  vni  in  1796— 5,a68,6i5dollars. 
In  1790,  about  40,000  hhds.  of  tobac 


CO  were  exported ;  but  its  culture  has  j  Leave  this  on  the  ftarboard  tide,  and 
Knee  declined,  and  that  of  wheat  taken    the  ifland  called  Foul  Cliff,  on  the 


Hts  place.    The-  greateft  quantity  of 
tobacco  ever  produced  in  this  country, 
in  one  year,  was  70,000  hhds.  in  the 
year  1758.  Virginia  was  fettled  perma- 
nently, after  feveral  preceding  unmccefs- 
ful  attempts,  in  161  o,  being  the  earlieft 
cftabUQiea  of  any  of  the  United  States. 
Virgin  Iflfmds^  a  grovp  of  fmall 
aHandain  the  Weft- Indies,  to  the  eaft- 
ward  of  the  Ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  be- 
longing to  different  European  powers. 
They  extend  for  the  fpace  of  24  leagues, 
frpml^.  toW.  and  about  16  leagues 
trom  N.  to  S.  aud  nearly  approach  th^ 
ipft  coaft;  of  Porto  Rico.    They  are 
every    way  dangerous  to  navigators, 
liiought  there  is  a  bafon  in  the  midft  of 
uem  of  6  or  7  leagues  in  length,  and 
3  or  4  in  breadth,  in  which  fltips  may 
anchor  an4  be  flieltered  and  land-lock- 
«l  from  all  winds ;  which  is  named  the 
Bay  of  Sir  Fnuicis  Drake,  from  his  hav- 
ing paiTed   through  them  to  St.  Do- 
mmgo.    Thofe which  aie  occupied  and 
ijTihaSsited  appear  under  their  reipe6live 
names ;  but  bthers  are  deftitutc  both  of 
ryames  and  inhabitants.  The  Britifli  and 
Danes  iioflefs  moft  of  them ;  but  the 
Spaniards  claim  thofe  near  Porto  Ri- 
cp.     The  ifland  of  Virgin  Gordot  on 
which  depena  Anegada,  Nicker,  Prick- 
ly Pear,  Mofquito  Iflands,  Camanoes, 
Dog- Iflands,  the  Fallen  City,  the  Round 
Kock,  Ginger,  Cooper's,  Salt,  Peter's, 
and  J^cad  Cheft,  belong  to  the  Britijb ; 
as   alfo  tortoloy  on  vhich  depend  Joft 
Van  Dykes,  Little  Van  Dykes,  Guana, 
^    lieef,   and  Thatch  Iflands.     To  the 
li^aties  belong  &t.  Thomases  Iflfindt  on 
y^icKBrafs,  Little  Saba,  Buck  Iflaifd, 
Qreat  and  Little  St.  James,  and  Bird 
liuiil  are  depi^ndant ;  w^th  St.  Jthi'Jt 


larboard,  between  which  the»«  is  16 
fathoms,  and  a  free  channel  to  the  weft- 
ward,  before  there  is  any  alteration  of 
the  courfe;  for  though  there  be  but 
fix  or  feven  fathoms  in  fome  places,  it 
is;  no  where  (hoaler,  and  in  fo^e  places 
there  is  fi'om  16  to  ao  fathoms.  The 
ifland  of  Anguilla,  on  the  north  fide 
of  St.  Martin's  Ifland,  is  £.  S.  E.  from 
them. 

Virgin  Mary,  Caftt  the  N.  E. 
point  of  the  entrance  ot  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean, 
is  a  fteep  white  cliff.  S.  lar.  52.  32. 
W.  long.  67..  54.  The  variation  of 
the  compafs,  in  1780,  was  24.  30.  E. 

Virgin  Rocks,  off  the  S.  £.  part  o£ 
the  coaft  of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  2* 
leagues  S.  E.  of  Cape  Race.  N.  lat. 
46.  according  to  others,  lat.  46.  30. 
and  thefe  lalt  fay  17  or  18  leagues  S.E. 
by  E.  of  Cape  Ballard. 

ViTTORiA,S/.y««»</*,acityofPeru. 
Ste  Guamanga,  its  moft  common  name. 
VoLCAMC  JJlandf  between  Swallow 
Ifland  and  Sania  Cruz,  about  8  leagues 
north  of  the. latter,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
in  which  Mcndana,  in  1595,  faw  a  vol-> 
cano,  which  flamed  continually.  S.  lat* 
10.  30.  .  ' 

VoLUNTOWN,  a  townftiip  on  the  E. 
line  of  Conne^iout,  Windham  CO.  E.  of 
Plainfield,  19  N.  £.  of  Norwich,  and  z4 
S.  W.  of  Providence.  It  was  fettled  in 
1696,  having  been  granted  to  volunteers 
in  the  Narraganfet  war ;  hence  its  name. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1719.  It  is  29 
miles  long,  and  between  three  and  four 
broad,  and  has  a  large  fwamp  abound- 
ing with  white  pine,  lufficient  to  fupply 
tins  neighbgurii^  towns  with  materials 
^C  buildiDgf 

W« 


which  run! 
and  empti 
270  yards 
hiiles  frort 
1012  mil( 
fpring^  fiif 
able  in  ba 
about  3  fee 
tanon;  an 
further,  t< 
9  miles  frc 
fage  ftands 
ties  into  ti 
The  comi 
and  the  111 
tip  Miam 
Whence  by 
are  high,  a 
are  low, 
the  Waba 
branches  < 
t>(  deftinat 
is  remark: 
has  been 
above  Oui 
tof  the  W 
free-ftone, 
are  found  i 
topper  inir 
ihe  richeft 
the  bowels 
cents  and  ( 

Waba: 
E.  and  fal 
from  the  0 

Wach< 
of  land  in  : 
the  E.  fid( 
head  watei 
confiftingo 
in  Stokes 
United  Bt 
chafed  thii 
1751,  and 
name  of  ai 
in  Germar 
feparate  pi 
the  legifii 
Bethabara; 
number  of 
vania.  Sa 
iettlement, 
inhabited 
tfftdffmMt 


w. 


W  A  C 

W 

WABASH  18  a  beantlful  navigable 
river,  of  the  N.  W.  Territory, 
which  runs  a  S.  W.ami  fouthern  coiufe, 
and  ertipttes  into  the  Ohio,  by  a  mouth 
270  yards  wide,  in  lat.  37.41.  N.  168 
hiiles  frorti  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and 
loiz  miles  beiovy  Pittiburg.  In  the 
fpring)  ftimmer,  and  autumn,  it  is  pafT 
able  in  batteaux  and  barges,  drawing 
about  3  feet  water,  411  miles,  to  Ouia- 
tanonj  and  for  large  canoes  197  miles 
further,  to  the  Miami  carrying-place, 
9  miles  from  Miami  village.  This  vil- 
lage (iands  on  Miami  river,  Wnich  emp- 
ties into  the  S.  W.  part  of  Lake  Erie. 
The  communication  between  Detroit 
and  the  Illinois  and  Ohio  countries,  is 
tip  Miami  river,  to  Miami  village, 
'(hence  by  land  9  miles,  when  the  rivers 
are  highj  and  from  1 8  td  30  when  they 
are  low,  through  a  level  country  to 
the  Wabafh;  and.  tlvough  thfe  variou^ 
branches  of  the  Wabalh  to  the  places 
t}f  deftination.  The  latid  oti  this  river 
is  remarkably  fertile.  A  filver  mine 
has  been  difcovered  about  z8  miles 
Sibove  Ouiatanon;  on  the  northern  fide 
t)f  the  Wabafh.  Salt  fprings,  lime, 
free-done,  blue,  yellow,  and  white  clay, 
are  found  in  plenty  on  tliis  river^  The 
topper  mine  oh  this  river,  is  perhaps 
ihe  richeft  veto  of  native  copper  in 
the  bowels  of  the  whole  earth.  See  Fin- 
cents  and  Ouiatamn. 

Wabash,  Little,  rimS  a  eourfe  S.  8. 
E.  and  falls  inter  the  Wabafh  10  mile^ 
from  the  Ohio. 

Wachovia,  6r  Dtbh'iParip,  a  traft 
of  land  in  N.  Carolina,  frtuated  between 
the  E.  fide  of  Yadkin  river,  snid  the 
head  waters  of  Haw  and  Deep  rivers, 
confiftingof  about  100,000  acres,  partly 
in  Stokes  slnd  Surry  counties.  The 
United  BrefHren,  or  Moravians,  pitr- 
thafed  thii  traft  of  Lord  Granville,  in 
1751,  and  called  it  Wachovia,  after  the 
hame  of  an  eltatc  of  Count  Zinzendorf, 
in  Germany.  In  1^55,  it  was  made^a 
feparate  parish,  and  named  Dobb's,  by 
the  legillature.  Tire  lirttlemtnt  of 
Bethabara,  was  begon  tti  ij'SJ,  by  a 
numbcf  of  the  Brethren  from  Pennfyl- 
Vania.  Salem,  which  is  the  principal 
fttilement,  commenced  in  i76<i»'ano  «S 
inhabited  by  a  number  of  ingenious 
tradcfmM.    Thh  thit^iiig  pariih  lies 


W  A  t 


5^1 


about  10  miles  S.  of  pilot  Mountain, 
and  contains  6  churches. 

W  ACHquATN  ACH,  an  ancient  Mora- 
vian iettlement  iii  Connecticut,  on  Strat- 
ford river  J  13  miles  from  its  mobth. 

WachUset  Mountain,  in  the  tovWi. 
of  Princetown,  Mafl'achufetts,  may  bt 
I'een  in  a  clear  horizon,  at  the  diftance 
of  67  miles,  being  4,989  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  fea. 

WADESbOROUOH,  the  chief  town 
of  Anfon  co.inFayettevillediftrift,  N. 
Carolina,  tt  contains  a  court  houfe, 
gaul,  arid  about  36  houfcs,  and  being 
feated  on  a  lofty  hill,  is  both  pleafant 
and  healthy.  It  is  76  miles  weft  by 
fouth  of  Fayetteville,  and  50  fopth- 
eaft  by  S.  of  Salifbury. 

Wadmel  AW,  an  ifland  in  Charlefton 
harbour,  S.  Carolina. 

W  ADiswoRTH,  a  town  of  New- York, 
Ontario  CO.  fituated  on  the  eafV  bank  of 
GenefTee  river  j  4  iniles  weft  of  Coniefus 
Lake,  and  ij  foiith-weft  by  fouth  of 
Hartford:     .... 

Wadham  ijiandsj  hear  the-  N.  E* 
coaft  of  Newfoundland  Iftand.  N.  lat. 
49.  ^7.  weft  long.  53.37. 

Wager's  Strait,  of  Rivir,  in  New- 
North  Wales,,  in  N.  America,  lies  in 
lat<  65.'  23.  N.  and  is  about  £  or  3 
miles  wide.  At  5  or  6  miles  within  its 
entranceiit  is  6  or  8  leagues  wide,  hav- 
ing I'everal  iflands  and  rocks  in  the  mid- 
dle. It  has  foundings  fiom  16  to  30 
and  44  fathoms ;  .and  the  land  on  both 
fides  is  as  high  (according  to  Captain 
Middleton's  account)  as  any  in  Eng- 
land. Savage  Soimd,  a  finall  cove  oif 
harbour,  fit  for  fhips  to  anchor  in,  lies 
on  the  northein  fliore,  13  or  14  leagues 
up  the  ftraitj  in  long.  87.  18.  W.  AH 
the  covmtry  from  Wager's  Strait  to 
Seal  river,  is  in  fome  maps  called  Nev* 
Denmark.  Capt.  Monk  was  fent  thi->^ 
thcr,  in  1610,  by  the  king  of  Denmark^ 
arid  wintered  at  a  place  called  Monk'* 
Winter  Harbour,  in  lat.  63.  io.  N. 
which  muft  be  a  little  north  6f  Rankin's 
Inlet.  When  Capt.  Ellis  was  in  thi» 
latitude,  the  tide  rah  at  the  rate  of  from 
S  to  to  leagues  an  hour.  Hecomparei 
it  to  the  fiuice  of  a  mill. 

WAiTSFiEliD,  the  fouth-eaftemmoft 
tov/nfhip  of  Chittenden  co.  Vermont, 
containing  61  irthabitants. 

Wait's  River  rifes  in  OrAnge  co< 
Vermont,  and  empties  into  Conftefticut 
river,  at  Brddfoifd. 

Ooi  Wajomick* 


!$•  vr  A  L 

Wajomick,  an  Indian  town  on  Suf- 
auehannah  river»  about  400  miles  from 
UM  fisa.  In  the  fpring  of  1756,  the 
Indiana  fliot  t  feaU  here,  and  they  could 
not  fufficientlv  expref*  tbtir  aAoniOt- 
■lent  at  the  (^ht  of  thcfe  animalt  un- 
known to  them. 

Wake,  an  inland  co.  of  Hilliborough 
*ditlri£t,  North-Carolina^  bounded  N. 
W.  by  Orange|-and  £.  and  S.  E.  by 
Johnfon.  It  contains  10,191  inhabi- 
tants, including  a,463  flavcs.  Chief 
town,  Raleigh. 

Wakefield,  formerly  Eaft-town 
and  if^attrtowH,  a  townihip  of  Straf- 
ford CO.  New-Hamp(hirc,  caft  of  Wolf- 
borough,  incorporated  in  i774>  I^ 
contains  640  inhabitants.  In  the  N.  £. 
part  is  a  pond  which  is  the  Iburce  of 
riCcataque  river. 

Wakkamaw,  a  beautiful  lake,  16 
miles  in  circuit,  fituated  in  Bladen  co. 
North  Carolina.  The  lands  on  its 
eaftem  fliores  are  fertile,  and  the  fttua- 
tion  delightful,  gradually  afcending  from 
the  fliores ;  bouiwled  on  tl\e  north- well 
coaft  by  raft  rich  fwamps,  fit  for  rice. 
This  lake  is  the  fource  of  a  fine  river,'of 
the  fame  name,  and  runs  a  foutherly 
courfe,  tor  70  or  80  miles,  and  empties 
into  Winyaw  Bay,  at  Georgetown,  in 
ISouth-Carolina. 

Waldbn,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
•Caledonia  co.  having  Danville  on  the 
fouth-mft.  It  contains  only  11  inhabi- 
taats< 

'Waldoborouoh,  apoft-town  and 
port  of  entry  of  the  OiftnA  of  Maine, 
tn  Lincoln  co.  la  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Warren,  10  £.  by  S.  of  Newcaftlc,  ao 
faft  of  Wifcaflet,  and  545  north- eaft  of 
Philadelphia.  This  is  the  port  of  entry 
ibr  the  d[iftri£l,  lying  between  the  towns 
of  Camden  and  Nurthport }  and  all  the 
flioreH  and  waters  from  the  middle  of 
Damti-iicotta  river  to  the  fouth-weftern 
fide  of  the  town  of  Nurthport.  The 
townfbip  of  Waldobatough  was  incor- 

E orated  in  1773,  and  conuins  11 10  in- 
abitants. 

Waldo  Patent ,  a  tcaA  of  land  form- 
ing tbe  fouth-eail:  part  of  Hancock  co. 
in  the  DifiiriA  of  Maine,  and  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Penobfcot  river  and  bay. 

Wali  n,lfrvjSpuih,  a  cmintry  oi  vaft 
«xtcnt,  but  little  known,  lying  round 
the  fouthero  part  of  Hudlbn's  Bay. 

Wales,  Nnu  North,  an  extenfive 
tooritpry  of  North- Ainericat   having 


W  A  L 

Pnnce  William's  Land  on  the  nortii, 
part  of  Baffin's  Bay  on  the  eafl,  and 
feparated  from  New  South  Wal«Sy  «n 
the  fouth  by  Seal  lAver. 

Wales,  a  plan  cation  in  Lincoln  co. 
Diftridef  Maine,  55  miles  north-eaft  of 
Portland,  and  180  from  Bolton.  Ik  con- 
tains 439  inhabitants. 

Walhalding,  the  Indian  name  of 
an  eaftern  branch  of  Mufkinguin  river, 
atthvjnoutli  of  which  ftood  Gofchach- 
guenk,  a  Delaware  town,  and  fcttlement 
of  Chriftian  Indians. 

Wallingford,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont,  Rutland  co.  eaft  of  Tinmuuth. 
It  contains  536  inhabitants. 

WALLiNGFORD,a  pleafant  poft-town 
of  Conne^icut,  New-Haven  co.  1 3  milea 
S.  W.  of  Middleton,  13  N.  E.  of  New. 
Haven,  and  195  north-eaft  of  Pkiladel. 
phia.  This  townfliip,  called  by  tlie  la- 
dians  Ctgincbaugi,  was  fettled  in  1671 } 
is  divided  into  two  pariflies,  and  con- 
tains about  tooo  inhabitants.  It  is  ii 
miles  long,  and  7  broad. 

Wf  LLKiLL,  a  townfliip  of  Nav- 
York,  Ulfter  co.  on  the  creek  of  its 
name,  about  15.  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Go- 
flien,  1 1  weft  of  Newburgh,  and  58  N . 
W.  of  New-York  city.  It  contains 
1,571  inhabitants,  of  whom  340  are 
qualified  ele£lor8,and  103  flaves. 

Walnut  Hills,  in  the  weilern  terri- 
tory of  Georgia,  are  (ituatcd  on  a  tra£l 
of  land  formed  by  Mifilfippi  river  and 
the  Loola  Chitto,  and  on  the  north  fide 
of  the  latter. 

Walloomschack,  a  fmall  branch 
of  Hoofack  river,  Vermont. 

Wallpack,  a  townfliip  in  Suflex  CO. 
New-Jerfey,  on  Delaware  river,  about 
II  miles  weft  of  Newtown,  and  501 
north-weft  of  Bivnfwick.  It  containa 
496  inhabitants,  including  30  flaves. 

Walpole,  a  poft-town  of  New- 
Hampfliire,  Cheftiire  co.  on  the  eaftern 
fide  of  Connecticut  river,  it  miles  ibuth 
of  Charleftown,  14  north-weft  by  north 
of  Keen,  108  weft  of  Portrpioutn,  and 
330  from  Philadelphia.  The  townfliip 
contains  1145  inhabitants. 

Walpolb,  a  townfliip  of  Mallachu. 
fetts,  Norfolk  co.  on  the  great  road  to 
Providence,  and  10  miler  louth-vreft  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1714, 
and  contains  1005  inhauitants. 

WaLbingham,  Cape,  is  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Cumberland's  Ifland,  in  Hud- 
foa's  Straits.  N.  lat.  6a,  39.  W*  long. 

77» 


WAR 

f  f .  5).  High  water,  at  full  and  change 
at  II  o'clock. 

WALTHAM,atown(hip  of  Maflachu- 
fettt,  Miildl'-rex  co.  ii  mile*  north-weft 
by  north  ot  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated  in  i,  37,  andcentain*  88x  inhabi* 
tantt. 

Waltham,  or  Weflbanit  a  village 
-  in  Henrico  co.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the 
north  iidc  of  James'  river,  4  miles  north  • 
weft  of  Kichmoiid. 

Wampanos,  an  Indian  tribe,  allies 
of  the  Hurons. 

Wanaspatucket  Rivtrt  rifes  in 
Gloucefter,  Khoile-lfland,  and  falls  into 
Providence  river  a  mile  and  an  hulf 
north-wcllof  Wey'ioffet  bridge.  Upon 
this  river  formerly  itood  the  only  pow- 
der-mill in  this  btate,  and  within  one 
mile  ot  its  muitth  there  are  a  (littine- 
mi'l,  two  paper  nills,  two  grift-miUs 
with  tour  run  of  ftones,  an  oiUmill,  and 
a  faw-mill. 

Wando,  a  (hart,  broad  river  of  S. 
Carolina,  which  rifes  in  Charleiton  dif> 
tri£l,  and  empties  into  Cooper's  river,  a 
.few  miles  below  Ch.irleftun. 

VVanooaette,  an  iiland  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  about  two  miles  in  eiu 
tent  from  fouth-eaf'i  to  north  weft.  It 
18  aliout  I'o  miles  at  north  weft  by 
welt  from  the  north  jend  .of  Wateehou 
Ifland. 

Wantace,  a  townfhip  near  the  N. 
W.  corner  ol  New- Jeriey,  SuiTex  co.  15 
ipiles  northerly  pt  Newtovyn.  It  con- 
tains 1700  inhabitants,  including  26 
flaves. 

Wantastj-c,  the  .original  name  of 
Weft  river,  Vermont, 

Wappacamo  River,  a  large  fouth 
branch  ot  Patowmack  river,  which  it 
joins  in  lat.  39.  39.  N.  jvhere  the  latter 
«;as  formerly  known  by  the  name  ot 
:Cohongoronto. 

V\^APUWAGAN  Ijlands,  on  the  Lab* 
radbr  cuaft,  lie  between  lat.  50.  and  50. 
.5.N.  and  betwe^nlong.  59.  55. and  6p. 
30.  W, 

Ward,  a  townjhipof  Maffachufetts, 
Worccltcr  CO.  5  imies  Ibuth  ot  VVor- 
cefter,  and  .55  fouth- weft  uf  Button,  and 
contaii.4  473  inhabitants. 

WARDSBORautiH,    a   townftiip  of 
Vermont,  Wmdham  co.  i»  or  15  miles 
weft  of  Putney,  and   17  north-eaft  of 
3ennington,  and  contains  753  inhabi 
unts. 

WARDSBMOG£,apoft-townofNeW' 


\r  A  It  5ii 

York,  Ulfter  co.  on  the  WillkU]»  10 
miles  north  of  Goflien,  36  fouth  by  weft 
of  Kingfton,  and   156  north  caft  by 


north  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  about 
40  compaA  hpufes  and  an  academy. 

Ware,  a  fmt>ll  river  of  Maflachuiette 
which  originates  in  a  pond  in  Oeny,  >' ' 
VS^orcefter  co.  and  in  Petevfliam  it  *  ' 
ceives  Swift  river,  and  receiving  Qkm- 
boag  river,  which  comes  from  Brook- 
field,  it  thence  aiTumes  the  name  of  Chi* 
.cabee,  and  falls  into  ConneAicut  river 
at  Springfield.  Its  CQur&  is  ibuth  and 
foutn-weft. 

Wars,  atownfliipof  MafTachufetts, 
in  Hampihire  co.  inoorporated  in  1761, 
and  contains  773  inhabitants.  It  is  15 
miles N.  E.  of  Springfield,  and  yoiaiitt 
weft-north-weft  of  Bofton.   . 

WAREHAM,a  townfhipof  Maflachv- 
fetts,  fituated  in  Plymouth  co.  at  th« 
head  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on  the  weft 
fide,  60  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1739,  and  contains 
854.  inhabitants.  N.  lat.  41. 45.  W, 
long.  70. 40. 

Warminster,  a  fmall  pofttown  of 
Virginia,  fituated  on  the  noith  fide  of 
James'  river,  in  Amherft  co.  about  90 
miles  above  Richmond.  Jt  contains 
about  40  Itoufes,  and  a  tobacco  ware- 
houie.  It  is  33a  miles  from  Philadcl. 
phia,  II  miles  trom  Cl<vl<>ttefville,  and 
9  frum  Newmarket.  There  is  alfo  a 
townftiip  of  this  name  in  Buck's  county^ 
Pennfylvania. 

Warm  Sfriug,  aridgeoffliountiiins 
bears  this  name,  a  part  of  tlie  Allegha- 
ny  Mountains,  fituated  N.  W.  of  the 
Calf  Pafture,  and'  famous  tor  wamr 
I'prings.  The  molt  ciivcacious  of  thele 
are  two  fprings  in  Augufta,  near  the 
Iburces  ot  James'  river,  where  it  is  called 
Jacklon's  river.  They  1  iie  near  the  foot 
of  tlie  i.idge  of  mountains,  generally 
called  the  Warm  Spring  Mountains,  but 
in  the. maps  Jrtcklbn'sMountains..  The 
one  is  diftmguiftied  by  the  name  of  the 
Warm  Spring,  and  the  ither  of  the 
Hot  Spring.  The  Waim  Spi ing  iflTues 
xvith  a  vciy  bold  ftream,  lufiicient  to 
work  a  grift-mill,  and  to  keep  the  wa- 
ters ot  i;s  baion,  which  is  30  teet  in  dia- 
meter, at  the  vital  warmth,  viz.  96*^  of 
Fartnluit's  thermometer.  The  matter 
with  which  thele  wateis  is  allied  is  very 
volatile ;  its  fmell  indicates  it  to  be  ful« 
phureous,  as  alio  does  the  circuinftancf 
of  turning  filver  black.    They  relieve 

O  0  3  rheutnatifnuf . 


5l*  WAR 

rheuroatifiiu.  Other  complaintft  -jklfa 
of  very  different  natures  have  been  re- 
moved oc  kflened  by  them.  It  rain's 
hcr^  4  or  ^  days  in  every  week.  The 
Hot  Spring  is  about  fix  miles  from  the 
Wami,  is  much  fmaller,  and  has  been 
!o  hot  as  to  have  boiled  an  egg.  Some 
believe  its  degree  of  heat  to  be  lefleneci. 
It  raifes  the  mcrcuiy  in  Farcnhcit^s 
thevtnonieter  to  iiadegrets,  which  is 
fever  heat.  It  fometimes  relieves  where 
the  Warm  Spring  fails.  A  fountain  of 
conunoa  water,  ifiuing  within  a  few 
inches  of  its  margin,  gives  it  a  Angular 
a{^arance.  Comparing  the  tempera- 
ture pf  thefe  with  that  of  the  hot  fprings 
oj^Kamtfchatka,  of  which  Kracliiniiini- 
kow,  gives  an  account,  the  difference  is 
very  great,  the  latter  raifing  the  mercury 
to  aoo  degrees,  which  is  witlvin  tz  de- 
grees of  boiling  water.  Thefe  fprings 
are  very  much  retorted  to,  in  fpite  of  a 
total  want  of  accommodation  for  the 
fick.  Their  waters  are  ftrongeft  in  the 
hoteft  months,'  which  occaiidns  their 
being  vifited  in  July  and  Aiiguft  princi- 
pally. The  '  Sweet  Springs,  in  the 
county  of  Botetourt,  at  the  eaflern  foot 
of  the  Alleghany,  are  about  42  miles 
from  the  Warm  Springs. 

Warnrr,  a  town  (hip  of  New-Hnmi)  • 
(hire,  Hiillborough  co.  It  w3s  incorpo- 
rated in  1774,  and  contains  863  inliabi- 
tants. 

Warren,  a  new  county  of  the  Up- 
per Diftrift  of  Georgia. 

Warren,  a  county  of  Halifax  dif- 
tri6):,  N.  Carolina.  It  contains  9397 
inhabitants,  including  4710  (laves. 

WaRRENTON,  a  port  town,  and  the 
capital  of  the  above  mentioned  county, 
fituated  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hillfbo- 
rough,  35  weft  of  Halifax,  54  north  of 
Kaleigh,  83  fouth  of  Ptterlburg  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  390  from  Philadelphia.  The 
town  contains  about'  thirty  houfes,  and 
ihinds  in  a  lofty,  dry,  and  healthy  fttua* 
tion.  Europeans,  of  various  nati,ons, 
refide  m  and  about  the  town.  Here  is 
a  rei'peftf.ble  academy,  having;  gcnenl- 
ly  from  60  to  70  ihidents. 

Warren,  a  towndiip  of  Vermont, 
Addifun  co.  about  30  miles  N.  £.  by  E. 
of  Crown "    int. 

Warr-^n,  a  poft-town  of  the  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  adjoining 
Camden  and  Thomaftonj  33  milts 
foutb  by  we«t  of  Beltaft,  aoj  N.  E.  by 
N.  of  Bofton,  and  557  from  Philadel- 


W  A  R 

phis.  This  townfhip  is  feparated  fl-om 
tliat  of  Thomafton,  by  St.  George's  riv- 
er ;  was  incorporated  in  1776,  and  con- 
tains 64s  inhabitants. 

Warren,  a  townAip  of  Grafldn  ca. 
Ncw.Hanipfhire,  north-eaft  of  Qrford, 
adjoining,  incorporated  in  1763,  and 
contains  106  inhabitants. 

Warren,  a  poft-towri  of  JRhodr- 
Iflanii,  in  Bri(k>I  co.  pleafantly  fituated 
on  Warren  river  and  the  north- eaft 
part  of  Narraganfet  Bay,  4  miles  north 
of  Briftol,  10  S.  S.  E.  of  Providence^ 
and  301  from  Philadelphia.  This  is  a 
flourifhing  town ;  carries  on  a  brill; 
coaftin^  and  Weft-Intlla  trade,  and  is 
rcniark,ai)le  for  fhip  b-iilding  The 
whole  townlhip  contains  iiai  inh-abi- 
tants,  of  whom  z»  are  (laves.  Rhode- 
liland  College  was  firft  inflituted  \i) 
this  town,  and  afterwards  removed  to 
Providence. 

Warren,  a  new  townfhip  of  Herke- 
mer  cotmty,  New- York.  Itwns  tr.ker| 
from  German  Flats,  and  incorporated  irj 
1796. 

Warren,  a  pai't  of  the  townfhip  of 
Chenengo,  in  the  State  of  New-York, 
on  Sufc|iiehannah  river,  bears  this  namb 
in  Dc  Witt's  mnp. 

W  A  R  R  E  n,  a  tovvnftiip  of  Conncfticuf , 
in  Litchfield  co.  betweei)  the  townfhipft 
of  Kent  and  Litchfield. 

Warren,  a  poft-townof  Virginia, 
10  miles  from  Warminfter,  11  frorfi 
Chnrlottcfville,  and  326  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

Warren's  Peitit,  on  the  coalt  of 
Nova  Scotia,  is  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Che- 
bu6lo  Harbour,  about  two  miles  eaft  of 
the  town  of  Halifax.  It  is  at  the  en- 
trance of  a  cieek,  which  receives  Saw- 
Mill  river  and  ether  ftreams. 

Warrington,  the  name  of  two 
townfliips  of  Pennfylvania^  the  one  iti 
York  CO.  the  other  m  Buck's  co. 

V/arsaw,  or  Waffanut  an  ifland 
and  found  on  the  coaft  of  Georgia,  be- 
tween the  mouth  of  Savannah  rher  and 
that  ef'-^ffeechee.  The  ifland  forms 
the  north  fide  of  Gflabaw  Sound  ;  being 
in  a  north-eaft  dinj6tion  from  OfTabaw 
Ifland.  Warfaw  Sound  is  formed  by 
the  northern  end  of  the  ifland  of  its 
name,  and  the  fouthcm  end  of  Tybee 
Ifland. 

Warwick,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  north  by  York  county,  and' 
fouth  by  James'  river,  which  fcparates 


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WAS 

it  Trom  Ifle  of  Wight  and  Nanftmertd 
eduntiet.  It  is  the  oldeft  county  of  the 
State,  having  been  eftdblifhed  in  1618. 
It  contains  1690  inhabitants,  of  whom 
990  are  (laves. 

Warwick,  a  townfhip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  in  Hanlplhire  co.  incorpot  ntecl  in 
1763,  and  contains  17.46  inhabitants. 
It  is  bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
New-Hanipfhire,  not  far  cad  of  Connec- 
ticut river,  and  is  90  miks  north-weft 
of  Bofton. 

WARWicr,  the  chief  town  of  Kent 
CO.  Rhode- Ifland,  fituated  a^  *hc  head 
of  Narraganfct  Bay,  ami  on  the  weft 
fide;  abont  8  miles  Ibuth of  Providence. 
The  towiiftiip  contains  14.93  inhabi- 
tants, incUtding  35  (laves.  A  cotton 
tnanufaflory  has  been  eftabiiflied  in  this 
town  upon  an  exteniive  fcale.  One  ot 
Arkwnghfs  machines  was  erected  here 
in  Auguft,  1795;  and  the  yarn  pro- 
duced anfwers  the  moft  faiguine  ex;  ec- 
tation.  This  town  was  the  birth-place 
of  the  celebrated  Gen.  Greene. 

Warwick,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Yoric, 
•Orange  co.  bounded  eaflerly  by  New- 
Cornwall,  and  foutherly  by  the  State  of 
New-Jerfey.  It  contains  3603  inhabi- 
tants, of  whom  383  are  electors,  and  95 
Slaves. 

Warwick,  the  name  of  two  town- 
ftiips  of  Pennfylvania  j  the  one  in  Buck's 
county,  the  other  in  that  of  Lancalkr. 
In  the  latter  is  the  (ine  Ivloravian  lettle- 
inent  called  Litiz ;  which  fee. 

Warwick,  a  poft-town  of  Mary- 
land Cecil  CO.  on  the  eaftern  (hore  of 
Chefapeak  Bay;  about  14  miles  fouth- 
erly of  Elkton,  8  N.  E.  of  George- 
town Crofs  Roads,  and  57  fouth-welt  of 
Philadelphia. 

Warwick,  a  fmall  town  of  Chefter- 
field  CO.  Virginia ;  agreeably  fituated  oti 
the  fouth  weft  fide  of  James'  river, 
about  7  miles  fouth -fouth-eaft  of  Rich- 
inond,  and  77  north  of  Petertburg. 
Veflels  of  450  tons  burdens  can  come  to 
this  town.  In  1 78 1,  Benedi£l  Arnold 
deftroyed  many  veflels  in  the  river  and 
on  the  ftocks  at  this  place. 

Washington,  a  county  of  the  Dif- 
trift  of  Maine,  and  the  molt  eafterly 
land  in  the  United  States.  It  is  bound- 
ed fouth  by  the  ocean,  weft  by  Han- 
cock CO.  north  by  Lower  Canada,  and 
«aft  by  New-Brunfwick.  It  is  about^oo 
miles  in  length,  but  itrbreadth  is  as  yet 
undetermined.    It  was  cre<£ted  into  a 


W  As  5*5 

county  in  17S9 }  but.  has  few  towns  yet 
incorporated.  The  coaft  abounds  with 
excellent  harbours.  Although  the  win* 
ters  are  long  and  fc\'ere,  yet  the  foil 
and  produ£lions  are  but:  little  inferior  ^0 
the  other  countiri.  The  number  of  in* 
habitants  in  this  country,  according  t^ 
the  cenfus  of  1790,  was  1758  ;  but  the 
increali;  fince  muft  have  been  very  con« 
fider!«f^l-;.     Chief  town,  Machias. 

Wabhincton,  a  maritime  countir 
of  the  State  of  Rhode- Ifland;  bounded 
N.  by  Kent,  S.  by  the  N.  Atlantic 
Ocean ;  W.  by  the  State  of  Connefti- 
cut,  and  E.  by  Narragaiifet  Bay.  It  1^ 
divided  into  7  townfhips,  and  contain! 
1 8,075  inhabitants,inciuding  339  (laves. 
Chief  town,  South-king(Jown.  • 

Washington,  a  county  of  New- 
York;  bounded  N.  by  Clinton  county^ 
S.  by  Renflelaer,  S.W.  by  Saratoga;  , 
W.  by  Herkemer,  and  E.  by  the  State 
of  Vermont.  Until  1784  it  was  called 
Charlotte.  Itcontained,ini79o,  14,04.* 
inhabitants,  including  741  (laves.  In 
1796  there  were  3370  of  the  inhabi- 
tants qualified  eleftors.  It  is  fubdi- 
vided  into  11  town(hips,  of  which  Sa- 
lem is  the  chief. 

Washington,  a  county  of  Penn- 
fylvania; fituated  on  the  S.W.  corner 
of  the  State ;  bounded  N.  by  Allegha- 
ny county  S.  by  Monongalia  county  iti 
Virginia,  E.  ^y  Monongahela  river* 
which  divides  it  from  Fayette  county, 
and  W.  by  Ohio  co.  in  Virginia,  agree- 
ably diverfified  with  hills,  which  admit 
of  eafy  cultivation  quite  to  their  fum- 
piits.  It  is  divided  iiito  21  townihips* 
and  contains  23.866  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 263  flaves.  Mines  of  copper 
and  iron  ore  have  been  found  in  tint 
county. 

Washington,  the  capital  of  the 
above  county,  and  a  poft-town,  is  fituat^- 
ed  on  a  branch  of  Charter's  Creefc^ 
which  falls  into  Ohio  river,  a  few  miles 
below  Pittfburg.  It  contains  a  brick 
court-houfe,  a  uone  gaol,  a  large  brick 
building  for  the  public  offices,  an  aca^ 
demy  of  ftone,  and  nearly  100  dwelling^- 
houfes.  It  is  az  miles  (outh-fouth-we(t 
cf  Pitt  (burg;  22  north- weft  of  Browns- 
ville, 60  miles  north  by  weft  of  Mor- 
gantown,  in  Virginia,  artd  325  weft  b'y 
north  of  Philadelphia.  N.  lat.  40. 13. 
W.  long.  80.  6.  40.  It  is  remarkable 
for  its  manufa£lures,  fVjr  fo  young  a 
town.  There  are  3  otlier  town(hips  of 
Oo  4  tlvi 


584 


WAS 

the  frtne  name  in  Pennfylvania,  vlt .  in 
Fayette,  Franklin,  and  Wetimoreiand 
counties. 

Washington,  a  county  of  Mary- 
land, on  the  wcAi  rn  Ihore  ot  Chefapeak 
jSa/i  bounded  north  by  the  State  of 
Peniirylvi<nla,  caft  by  Frederick  co. 
from  which  it  i*  divided  by  Sou  h 
Mountain,  fouth  weft  by  PSitowmick 
livei ,  which  divides  it  from  the  State  uf 
Virginia,  and  weft  by  Sideling- Hill- 
Crcik,  which  fep;uates  it  from  Alle- 
ghany CO.  This  is  cailcd  the  garden  of 
Maryland,  lying  principally  between 
the  North  and  South  Mountains,  and 
includes  the  rich,  fertile,  and  well  culti- 
▼ated  valley  of  Conegocheague.  Its 
Ibeams  furnilh  excellent  mill-ieats,  and 
the  lands  are  thought  to  be  the'nioft  fer- 
tile in  the  State.  Lime-flone  and  iron- 
ore  are  found  here.  Furnaces  and  forges 
have   been    rrc^led,    and    conliderable 

J|uantities  of  pig  and  bar  iron  are  manu- 
aAored.  Chief  town,  Elizabeth  Town. 

Washington,  a  co.  of  Virginia  i 
bounded  E.  and  N.  E.  by  Wytlie,  N. 
W.  by  Rufllll,  S.  by  the  State  or 
North  Carolina,  and  W.  by  Lee.  It 
is  watered  by  the  iireams  which  form 
Holfton,  Clinch  and  Powell's  rivers. 
There  is  a  natural  bridge  in  this  county 
iintilar  to  thnt  in  Rockbridge  county. 
It  is  on  Stock  Creek,  a  branch  of  Pcle- 
fon  river.  It  contains  561^  inhabitants, 
including  450  ilaves.  Chief  town, 
Abingdon. 

Washington,  a  diftrijl  of  the  Up  ' 
per  Country  of  South-Carolina,  perhaps 
the  moft  hilly  and  mountainous  in  the 
Stare.  It  lies  W.  of  Ninay-Six  dif- 
trift,  of  which  irwas  formerly  ;>.  part, 
and  is  bounded  N.  by  the  State  of 
Korth- Carolina.  It  contair.s  the  coun- 
ties  of  Pendleton  and  Greenville }  has 
14,619  inhabitants,  and  fends  to  the 
State  Icgiflature  5  reprefentatives  and  a 
fenators.  Chief  town,  Plcktnfviile.  A 
nuinher  of  old  de&rted  Indian  towns  of 
the  Cherokee  nation,  nre  frequently  met 
with  on  the  Ke'owee  river,  and  its  tribu- 
tary Iheams  which  water  this  country. 

Washington^  a  county  of  Ken- 
tucky, bounded  N.  E.  by  Mercer,  N. 
W.  by  Nelfon,  S.  £.  by  Lincohi,  and 
W.  by  Hardin. 

Washi  N  GTON,  a  didrifl  of  the  State 
of  Tenneflee,  fituated  on  the  waters  of 
the  rivers  Holftun  and  Clinch,,  and  is 
(divided  from  Mero  di(bi£l  on  the  W. 


WAS 

by  an  uninhabited  country.  Tt  is  divid- 
^-d  into  the  counties  01  U  4/hington,  hul- 
livan,  Gteene,  and  Hawkins.  It  con- 
tained, according  to  the  State  cenfus  of 
i795>  29>S3<  inhabitants,  including 
4C93  fldves. 

Washington,  a  county  of  Tennef. 
fee,  in  the  ab'.>ve  dilhi£l,  contained,  in 
i7y5(  i^>>0S  inhabitants,  incluftve  of 
978  flaves.  Wnfhington  college  is 
eftablilhed  in  thiii  county  by  the  legifla- 
ture. 

Washington,  a  county  of  the  N. 
W.  Ttmtory,  erefted  in  1788  within 
the  following  boundaries,  viz.  beginning 
on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio  where  the  weft* 
ern  line  of  Pennfylvania  crofles  it,  and 
tunning  with  that  line  to  Lake  Erie; 
thence  along  the  fouthcrn  Diure  of  that 
bkt-  to  the  mouth  of  Cayahoga  river, 
and  IT  (.that  river  to  the  piutage  between 
it  and  iheTufcarawa  branch  o(  Mufkin' 
gum ;  thence  down  that  bi  anch  to  the 
iciks  of  the  eroding-place  above  Fort 
Lawrence;  thence  with  a  line  to  be 
drawn  wtlterly  to  the  portage  on  that 
branch  of  the  Big  Miami,  on  which  the 
fort  ftood  which  was  taken  from  the 
French  in  1752,  until  it  meets  the  road 
from  the  lower  Shawanel'e  town  to  San- 
duiky ;  thence  S.  to  the  Sciota  river  to 
the  mouth,  and  thence  up  the  Ohio  to 
the  plact  of  beginning. 

Washington,  a  county  of  the  Up. 
perDiftri6l  of  Georgia,  which  contains 
455%  inhabitants,  including  694  flaves. 
Fort  Fidus  is  fituated  in  the  wefternmoft 
part  of  the  county,  on  the  £.  branch 
of  Alatamaha  river.  The  county  is 
bounded  on  theN.E.  by  Ogeechee  riv- 
er. Numbers  have  lately  moved  here 
from  Wilkes  co.  in  order  to  cultivate 
cotton  in  preference  tc  tobacco.  This 
produce,  though  in  its  infancy,  amount*, 
ed  to  408,000  lbs.  weight,  in  17 gat 
Chief  town,  Golphinton. 

Washington,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont, Orange  county,  i  a  miles  W.  of 
Bradford,  and  contams  7*  inhabitants, 

Washington,  a  townlhjp  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  in  Berkfliire  co,  7  miles  S. 
£.  of  PIttsfielJ,  8  £.  of  Lenox,  and 
145  W.  of  Bofton.  ft  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1777,  and  contains  588  inha- 
bitants. 

Washington,  or  Mount  rerneti,  a 
plantation  of  Lincoln  c6.  Uiftri£t  of 
Maine,  N«  W.  of  Hallowell,  and  nine 
miles    from   fterling.    It    confifis    ot 

16,055 


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wh 


WAS 

i<6«o  5  5  acres  of  land  and  water,  of  which 
the  latter  occiipic*  1641  acrt«.  It  con- 
taint  61 S  inhahitanc»,  and  wa«  incorpo* 
rated  l^y  the  name  of  Belgrade  in  1796  ; 
which  fee. 

Washington,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
York,  in-  Dutchefs  co.  bounded  iourh- 
erly  by  the  town  of  Bci  kman,  and  wctt- 
erly  by  Poughkeepfie  ,uid  Clinton.  Ii 
contains  5189  iiihabitints,  of  whom  286 
are  cleclors,  ami  -j%  flavcs. 

Wa«hinoton,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
HanipOiire,  in  Cliefhire  co.  firft  caiUd 
Camden.  It  was  incor{>orated  in  177'^, 
and  contains  54.5  inhabitants;  it  is  ii 
or  14-  miles  E.  of  Charlcilown. 

Washington,  a  townfhip  of  Con- 
ne^licut,  in  Lttchiicld  co.  about  7  miles 
S.  W.  01  Litchfield. 

'Washington,  a  pi^rt  of  entry  and 

£>Il-town  of  N.  Carolina,  fituated  Tn 
caufort  county,  on  the  N.  fide  of  Tar 
river,  in  lat.  35.  30.  N.  90  miles  from 
Ocrecok  Inlet,  40  from  tlic  mouth  of 
Tar  river,  61  S.  8.  W.  of  Eden  on,  38 
N.  by  E.  of  Newbern,  131  N.  E.  by 
N.  ot  Wilmington,  and  460  from  Phi- 
ladelphia. It  contains  ^  court-houfe, 
gaol,  and  aliout  eighty  heutcs.  From 
this  town  is  exported  tobacco  of  the 
Pcterlburg  qtiality,  pork,  beet,  Indian 
corn,  peas,  bmns,  pitch,  tar,  tiirpen 
tine,  rofin,  &c.  alil)  pine  boards,  (hin- 
gles,  and  oak  ftaves.  About  130  vel- 
fels  enter  annually  at  the  cuftoin-hoikl'e 
in  this  town.  The  expoi  1 ,  for  a  year, 
ending  the  30th  of  Sepctmber,  >794, 
amounted  to  33,684.  dollars. 

Washington,  a  poft-town  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  the  capital  of  Malon  county, 
about  three  miles  S  by  W.  of  the  lajiU 
ing  at  Liineltoiie,  on  the  S.  fide  01  Ohio 
river.  J.":  Contains  about  loo  iiouii;s, 
a  Prefljyterian  churcii,  a  handomt 
^ourt-houfe  and  gaol;  and  is  fall  in- 
crealing  in  injpcrtunce.  It  is  6z  miles 
N.  E.  of  Lexington,  75  N.  E.  by  i'^. 
pf  Frankfort,  and  709  S.  W.  by  W. 
pf  Philidtlphia.  N.  lat.  38.  40.  W. 
Jong.  84.  30. 

Washington  Court-Houfi,  in  S. 
f[)arolma,  is  10  mii^s  from  Greenville, 
and  t6  from  Pendleton. 

Washington,  apoft  townofGeor. 
gia,  and  the  capital  of  Wiikcs  co.  50 
miJes  N.  W.  by  W.  of  Augmli,  58 
N.  by  W.  of  LouilVine,  28  trom 
preeoiborough,  and  8 1 3  from  Philadel- 
phia.   It  liauds  on  the  weftern  fide  of 


WAS  5«5 

Kettle  Creek,  a  north  branch  of  Little 
river,  which  empties  into  Savannah  riv* 
er  from  the  eaftward,  about  36  mile*  E. 
of  the  town.  It  is  regularly  laid  out» 
and  contained,  in  17S8,  34.  houfes,  a 
court-houlc,  gaol,  atid  academy.  The 
funds  of  the  academy  amount  to  about 
Sool.  fter).  and  the  number  of  ftudenta 
to  between  60  and  70.  On  the  E.  iide 
of  the  town,  a  mile  and  a  half  diftant,  is 
a  medicinal  fpring,  which  rifes  from  a 
hollow  tree  4  oi-  5  feet  in  length.  The 
inilde  of  the  tre,.^  is  covered  with  a  coat 
of  matter  an  inch  thick,  and  the  leave* 
around  the  fpring  are  incruHed  with  a 
fubltance  as  white  as  fnow.  It  is  faid  1^ 
be  a  fovereign  remedy  for  the  fcurvy^ 
fcrophulous  diforders,  confuroptions, 
f;out,  and  every  other  ditbnler  arifing 
from  humours  in  the  blood.  This 
fpring  being  fituated  in  a  fine  hedth]f 
part  of  the  State,  will,  no  doubt,  be  a 
p!caf;<nt  and  faluiary  place  of  refort 
tor  invalids  from  the  maritime  and  un- 
healthy parts  of  Georgia!,  and  the 
neii';hb()uring  States.     N.  lat.  33.  x%, 

Washington  Citv,  in  the  teiritory 
ot' Columbia,  was  ceded  by  the  State  of 
Virginia  and  Maryland  to  the  United 
States,  and  by  theiTi  eflabliflied  as  the 
ttat  of  their  government,  after  the  year 
1800.     This  city,  which  is  novr  buiid- 
in;r,  ftands  at  the  junflion  of  the  river 
Patowmack,  and  the  Eaftern  Branch,  la- 
titude 38.5  3. N.  extending  nearly  4  miles 
up  each,  and  including  a  tra£l  of  terri- 
fyrv,  exceeded,  in  point  ot  conveniences 
ftiubrity  and  beauty,  by  none  in  Ame- 
rica.    For  although  the  land  in  general 
appears  level,  yet  by  gentle  and  gradual 
fwe! lings,  a  variety  of  elegant  profpe^ls 
are  produced,    and  a  fu/ncient  defcenc 
formed  for  ccnveyinp  oft'  the  water  oc- 
calioned  by  rain.     Within  the  limits  of 
the  city  are  a  f^re-it  number  of  excellent 
fpriiigs;  and  by  digging  wells,  water 
of  the  belt  quality  may  rcuUly  be  had. 
Beiidcs,  the  never  failing  dreams  that 
now  run  througli  that  territory,  may 
alio  be  collected  tor  the  uCe  of  the  city. 
The  waters  of  Rtwly  Branch,  and  of 
Tiber  Civek,  may  be  conveyed  to  the 
Prefident's  hoiile.    The  iburce  of  Tiber 
Creek  is  elevated  ab(nit  236  feet  above 
:he  levA'i  of  the  tide  in  faid  creek.    The 
perpendicular    height    of   the    ground 
on  which  the  capitol  Hands,  is  78  feet 
above    the  level  of  the   tide  in  Tiber 
Creek.    The   water  of  Tiber  Qreek 

may 


$86 


WAS 


may  therefore  be  conveyed  to  the  capt> 
tol,  ami  after  watering  that  part  of  the 
eity»  may  be  deftin«i  to  other  ufcful 
purpofoa.  The  EniK-rn  I3ranch  is  one 
of  the  lafeft  and  moll  cunutiodiuiis  har- 
iNHirs  inAmerici,  being  I'nfHciently  deep 
ibr  the  largeft  fhips>  tor  «bout  4  miles 
above  it«  mouth,  while  the  channel  lies 
clofe  along  the  bank  adjoining  the  city, 
aiki  affords  a  large  and  convenient  har- 
bour. The  Patowmack,  although  only 
navigable  for  fmnil  craft,  for  a  confi- 
ilerable.  diftance  from  its  banks  next  the 
city,  (excepting  about  half  a  mile  above 
the  jiin£lion  of  the  rivers)  will  neverthe- 
1^  aitbrd  a  capacious  fummer  harbour ; 
m^  *n  ^mmenle  number  of  (hips  may 
ride  in  the  great  chaanei,  oppulite  to, 
and  below  toe  eity.  The  fituatioa  of 
this  metropolis  is  upon  the  great  poft- 
voaJ^  equi-ditiant  from  the  northern 
and  fouthem  extremities  of  the  Union, 
and  /learly  lb  from  the  Atlantic  and 
FittQiurg,  upon  the  befl  navigation,  and 
in  tht:  midfl:  of  a  commercial  territory, 
probably  the  richeft,  and  commanding 
the  more  extcnfive  internal  refource  of 
any  in  America.  Jt  has  therefore  many 
aklvantages  to  recommend  it,  as  an  eligi- 
ble place  for  the  permanent  feat  of  the 
genei'ai  government  j  and  as  it  is  likely 
to  be  fpeedily  built,  and  otherwife  im- 
proved, by  the  public  fpirited  enterprile 
of  the  people  of  che  United  States,  and 
even  by  foreigners,  it  may  be  expc^ed 
to  ^row  up  witli  a  degree  of  rapidity 
bitherto  unparalleled  in  the  annals  of 
cities.  The  plan  of  this  city  appears 
to  contain  fome  important  improve- 
tnents  upon  that  of  the  beft  planned 
cities  in  the  world,  combining,  in  a  ie- 
narkahle  degree,  convenience,  regula- 
vity,  elegance  of  pvofpe6l,  and  a  free 
circulation  of  air.  The  pofitions  of 
the  difiVrtnt  public  edifices,  and  for  the 
iisveral  fquares  and  areas  of  dirt'citiit 
Ihapes  as  they  are  laid  down,  were  fidl 
tlctermincd  on  the  nioft  advantageous 
ground,  commr.uding  the  r.uift  cxten- 
live  prolpeils,  and  from  their  fituaticn, 
lu;ct'ptib!e  of  fuch  improvements  as 
cither  u!e  or  ornament  may  hereaf- 
ter rtquiio.  The  capitol  is  fituated 
on  a  molt  beautiful  eniirence,  coni- 
n^anding  a  complete  view  of  every  part 
of  the  city,  and  of  a  confiderable  part  of 
riia  country  around.  The  Prendent's 
hr/nfc  ftands  on  a  rifuiig  ground,  pof- 
idYiug  a  delightful  water  profpei>,  to- 


W  A  S 

gether  with  it  commanding  view  of  the 
capitol,  and  the  moll  material  parts  of 
the  city.  Lines,  or  avenues  of  dir(*£t 
communication,  hnve  been  dcvifed  to 
ponnefl  the  mod  didant  and  important 
obje£ls.  Tliefe  tranfverle  avenues,  or 
diagonal  (Ireets,  are  laid  out  on  th6 
moft  advantageous  ground  for  profpeft 
and  convenience,  and  are  calculated 
not  only  to  produce  a  variety  of  charm- 
ing prolpcfts,  but  greatly  to  facilitate 
the  comtiiunication  thruugliout  the  city. 
North  and  Ibutli  lines,  inteifrilcd  by 
others  running  due  K.  ar.d  W.  make 
the  diflribution  of  the  city  into  ftreets, 
fquares,  &c.  and  thole  lints  have  been 
fo  combined,  as  to  meet  at  certain  given 
points,  with  the  div-eigeiit  avenues,  fo 
as  to  form,  on  the  i\yAc^!i  firji  determined^ 
the  different  fquarts  Or  rtreas.  The 
grand  avenues,  and  i'uch  ftreets  as  lea:l 
immediately  to  public  places,  are  from 
130  to  i6o  feet  widr,  and  may  be  con- 
veniently divided  into  loot- ways,  a  walk 
planted  with  trees  on  each  fide,  and  » 
paved  way  for  carriages.  The  othei* 
llre^ts  are  from  90  to  no  feet  wide. 
In  order  to  execute  this  plan,  Mr.  £lli- 
cott  drew  a  true  meriiiional  line  by  ce- 
lellial  obfervation,  which  pafles  through 
the  area  Intended  for  the  capitol.  Thi» 
line  he  crofl'ed  by  another,  running  dutf 
E.  and  W.  which  palles  through  thd 
fame  area.  Thcfc  lines  were  accurately 
meafured  and  made  the  bafes  on  which 
the  whole  plan  was  executed.  He  ran 
all  the  lines  by  a  trnnlit  iiiftrument,  and 
determined  the  \\c\\\>:  angles  by  a£\ual 
iTieafuiementj  leaving  nothing  to  the 
uncertainty  of  the  coinpafs.  Wafliing- 
ton,  or  the  Federal  City,  Is  (eparatecl 
from  Georgetown,  in  Montgomery  co. 
Maryland,  on  the  W.  by  Rock  Cre^k^ 
but  that  town  is  now  within  the  terri- 
tory of  Columbia  It  is  4.4  miles  S.W. 
by  S.  of  Baltimore,  876  from  Paflama- 
c]uoddy,  in  the  Dillriil  of  Maine,  500 
from  Hodon,  148  from  New-Yoik,  144 
from  Philadelphia,  1  33  from  Richmond, 
in  Virginia,  131  from  Haliiax,  in  Ni 
Carolina,  630  from  Charltfton,  S.Ca- 
rolina, and  794  from  Savannah,  i^ 
Georgia. 

Washincjton  College,  in  Maryland, 
See  Cheferto-ivn. 

Washington.  Fort^  in  the  Territo- 
ry N.W.  of  the  Ohio,  is  fituatttl  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  river  Ohio,  weftwatd  of 
Little  Miami  river,  and  45  miles  aorth- 
\  weft 


WAT 

iveft  of  Wa(hu)gton,  in  Kentucky.  See 
Cii$cin>$ati. 

WASHINGTON, Mo«»(,  a  fmall  town- 
fliip  of  Maft*achurcttt,  Berkfhiiv  co.  in 
the  fouth-weft  corner  of  the  State,  150 
iniles  fouthwett  by  fuuth  of  Bo(ion.  It 
was  incorporated  in  17791  '"^'  contain* 
;96i  inhabitants. 

W/18HINCTON,  Mount,  one  of  the 
White  Mountains  of  New-Hampfliirc, 
yvhich  iT^akcs  fo  majeflic  an  appearance 
all  aionsr  the  (hore  of  the  eiifkrn  coun- 
ties of  MaSchufctts.  See  V/bite  Moun- 
tains. 

Washington's  IJiands,  on  the 
north-weft  coaft  of  North-America. 
The  largeft  i$  of  a  triangular  fliape,  the 
point  ending  on  the  Ibuthward  at  Cape 
St.  James's,  in  N.  iat.  51.  58.  Sandy 
Point,  at  its  north- eaft  extremity,  is  in 
Iat.  54.  21.  N.  Its  longitude  wid  ex- 
tends from  Hope  Point,  the  north-weft 
extremity  216"  37'  to  Sandy  Point,  in 
aiS"  45'.  Port  Ingrahami  Perkins  and 
Magee  Soupd  lie  on  the  wett-^rn  fide  of 
the  ifland  |  on  the  eaftetn  fide  are  the 
following  ports  from  nortli  to  fouth — 
Skeetki^,  or  SkitkiCs  Harbour,  Port 
Cummaftiawa,  ii;^teiw&  Point,  Smoke 
Port,  Kpr.ikeeno  Point,  Port  Gcyers, 
Port  Ueah,  arnl  Port  Sturtis.  Capt. 
Cook,  when  he  pafl'ed  this  iiland,  lup- 
jfloCed  it  to  be  a  part  of  the  continent, 
as  the  weather  at  the  time  was  thick, 
and  the  wind  boifterous,  which  obliged 
him  to  keep  out  at  fea,  till  he  made  the 
weltern  cape  of  the  continent  in  nbout 
]at.  55.  N.  Capt.  Pixon  diieovered 
ihefe  iiflands  in  17*7,  and  named  them 
Queen  Charlotte's  Iflands.  Capt.  Gray 
diieovered  them  in  7X9,  and  called 
ihem  Wafliington's  tflailds.  There  are 
three  principal  iftands,  bcfides  many 
fmall  ones.  It  is  conjcftured  that  they 
make  a'pTt  of  the  Archipelago  of  St. 
Xazarus. 

Waskemashin,  an  ifland  in  the 
Gulf  of  St,  Lawrence,  on  the  coaft  of 
Labrador.     N.  Iat.  50.  3.  W.  long. 

59-  55- 

■    W ASS  AW  IJland.    SttWarfaiv. 

Wataguaki  JJles,  on  the  coaft  of 
Labrador,  and  in  the  Gulf  of  Sr.  Law- 
rence, lies  near  the  fliore,  north -eaft  of 
Ouapitougaii  Ifle,  and  fouth- weft  of 
Little  Mecatina,  about  10  or  iz  lcag<'  ■; 
from  each. 

Watauga,  a  river  of  Tennclfee, 
which  rifts  in  Burke  co.  North- Carolina, 


WAT  Jif 

and  faiU  into  Holflcin  river,  15  miles 
above  Lon^^-Ifland. 

W  A 1 CH  FniU,  l!ei  to  the  northwtnl 
ofFiftier'i  Ifland,  in  Long-Ifland  Sound* 
and  weft' fouth. weft  7  lc?gue«  from 
Block  Ifland. 

Watehoo,  an  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean  }  a  beautiful  IJMt,  about 

6  miles  long  and  4  broad.  N,  Iat.  ao. 
1.  W.  lung.  158.  If. 

Watukborough,  atownfliipofthe 
Dilirifl  of  Maine,  York  co.  on  Moufom, 
river,  1 5  miles  N.  W.  of  Wells,  and  1 1* 
from  Bofton.     It  was  incorporated  In 
17B7,  and  contains  905  inhabitants. 

Waterbury,  a  townfliip  of  Ver* 
mont,  in  Chittenden  co.  feparatcd  from 
Duxbu.y  on  the  fouth-weft  by  Onion, 
river.     It  contains  93  inhabitants. 

Wate  aauRY,  thenorth-weftemmoft 
townlhip  of  New- Haven  co.  Connecti- 
cut, called  by  the  Indians  Matttluck, 
It  w.is  icttled  in  1671,  and  is  divided 
into  the  pariflies  of  Northbury,  Saleroy 
/ir.d  South-Britain. 

WATiiREE.a  branch  of  Santee  river, 
Soutll-C^irolina. 

Waterford,  a  plantation  in  Cum- 
berland CO.  Diftri^l  of  Maine,  fbuth- 
eaft  of  Orangetown,  or  Greenland. 

Watprford,  a  new  townfhip  in 
York  CO.  Diftrid  of  Maine,  incorpora- 
ted February,  1797,  formcily'a  part  of 
Waterborough. 

Waterford,  atownfliipof  New- 
Jerlt;y,  in  Gloucefter  county. 

WATERFORDja  neat  village  of  New- 
York,  ill  the  townfliip  of  Half  Moon; 
which  iee. 

Waterland,  an  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  lb  named  by  Le  Maire. 
S.  Iat.  14.  46.  weft  long.  144.  10. 

W A t E RQU E c HI E ,  or Sluecbyy  a fmali 
river  of  Vermont,  which  empties  into 
Connefiicut  river  in  Hartond. 

Watertown,  a  very  plenfant  town 
in  Middlclcx  co.  Mafliichufetts,  7  miles 
'Tcft  by  north-weft  of  Bofton.  Charles 
river  is  navigableforboats  to  this  town, 

7  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Bofton  har- 
bour. The  townfliip  contains  1091  in- 
habitants, and  was  incorporated  in  1630) 
That  celebrated  apoftle  of  the  Indians, 
the  Kcv.  Mr.  Eliot,  relates  that  in  t^^ 
year  1670,  a  fti-ange  phenomenon'  9p' 
peareii  in  a  great  pond  at  Watertown, 
where  the  fifli  all  died  ;  anii  as  many  at 
could,  thruft  themfelves  on  fliore,  and 
there  died.   It  wr«  eftimated  that  not 

le& 


sti 


vr  At 


IcA  than  %o  cart-loadt  lay  dfad  at  oner 
round  tlw  pond.  An  eel  wai  found 
•Ihre  in  the  Tandy  burder  of  the  pciui, 
and  upon  being  caft  ngain  into  it*  na- 
tural ckmcnt,  it  wiig^icd  out  again,  h» 
faft  at  it  could,  and  died  on  tiie  (here. 
The  cattle,  accii(lomed  tu  the  water,  re- 
fdcd  to  drink  it  for  3  davn,  afiei*  \vh.c!i 
tbcy  drank  at  ul'ual.  When  the  fi(h  Ih- 
gan  to  come  on  fliore,  hel'ore  they  dial, 
many  were  taken  both  by  Knp;iini  and 
Indians,  and  eaten  without  any  injury. 

Watertown,  atown/liipin  Lir'cli- 
iieid  CO.  Conncftirtii.  It  is  ubuut  16 
miles  N.  N.  W.  of  Ncw-Haven. 

Water  VhiiiT,  an  exteniivt  town- 
ship of  New- York,  Ali^nny  cninty,  on 
the  wt(i  fide  of  liiidA  u  a  river,  aiul  in- 
clude* the  village  of  Hamilton,  and  the 
iflandi  in  the  nver  nearell  the  well  Mi . 
It  in  boupd-xl  weft  hy  the  manor  ol 
KenHclaerwyck,  andcontaimd,  in  1790, 
7,419  inhahitantt,  including  707  iinvcu. 
Jn  1796,  there  were  600  ot  the  inhabi- 
tants qualified  electors. 

Watland  1/Uind,  one  of  the  Baha- 
ma Iflnuds  in  the  Weft-li>dies.  Tli»  S. 
point  is  inUt.14..  N.andlong.  74.  well. 

Watson,  Fcrt,  in  S.  Carolina,  w.u 
fitua(ed  on  the  N.  E.  bank  of  Saiitec 
river,  about'half  wiiy  lietwten  the  mouth 
of  the  Cxingaree  and  NvUmrn  Fort,  on 
the  bend  ot  tlie  river  opporite  the  Eiicaw 
Springs.  Its  garrilbn  oi  1 14  men  l>cing 
hetieged  by  Gen.  Greene,  iurrendeied 
in  April,  1781.  He  then  marched  with 
\us  main  tbrce  againlt  Canulen,  higher 
up  the  river. 

Waukeague, a  village  in  the  town- 
iliip of  Sullivan,  in  the  Diltridt  ot  Maine, 
9  miles  from  Dcfert  Itlar.d. 

WAWASiNK,a  village  in  New. York, 
en  RondoutKill,  a  branch  of  Walikili, 
7  miles  well  ot  New  Paliz,  and  la  louth- 
well  of  E lupus. 

Wawiachtanos,  and7Wf*/w/«, 
two  Indian  tribes,  rcliding  chietly  be- 
tween Sciota  and  VVab^lh  rivers. 

Wayne,  a  new  county  in  the  N.W. 
Territv.ry,  laid  out  in  the  fall  of  J796, 
inclnding  the  lettlenicnis  of  Detroit 
and  Mich.liiinnkkinak. 

Wayne,  a  county  of  Newbern  dif- 
trict,  N.Carolina  J  bounded  N.  by  Edg- 
combe,  and  S.  by  Glal'gow.  It  contains 
6,133  inhabitants,  inclulive  of  1,557 
flaves. 

Wayne,  atownlhlpof  Petinlylvania, 
fituated  in  Mi&iii  couiUy^ 


W  E  A 

Wayni,  Fort,  in  tlieN.  W.  Terri- 
tory, is  fituated  at  the  head  of  the  Mfa- 
mi  of  the  Laki-,  near  the  Old  Miami 
Vdl.gcii,  at  the  confluence  of  St.  Jofeph'a 
and  St.  Mary's  rivers.  It  is  a  fquare 
tort»  with  baftiont  at  cach'angh ,  with  • 
(li(ch  an.'  parapet,  and  could  contain  500 
mm,  but  has  only  300,  with  16  pieces  of 
cannon,  (t  it  1 50  miles  north  by  welt 
of  Cincinnati,  jitid  too  weft  hy  iouth  of 
Kort  Dcti^ncc.  The  Iidivins  ceded  ta 
the  United  States  a  trucl  of  land  6  miles 
ftjuare,  whtie  this  fort  lt;imls,  at  the 
laie  treaty  of  peace  at  Greenville. 

Waynesborouch,  a  pod-town  of 
N.  Carolina,  14  miles  trom  ICmglton, 
50  S.  £.  irom  Kaleigh,  anu  49H  fiom 
Fhitaddphia. 

Waynesdorovgh,  a  pod-town  ia 
Burke  Co.  Georgia,  30  miles  ibutli  of 
Augulla,  15  nojtii-ealt  of  Louifville. 
No  riv jr  of  cunieqiicnce  pnlil'S  mar  this 
town }  yet  being  the  place  where  boili 
the  liipenor  <)iul  interior  courts  aiehcld« 
it  i.s  in  a  pruijierous  condition. 

Wi'.Aat,  a  townfhip  of  New-Hamp<' 
(hire,  fituated  in  Hillfbornugh  co.  18 
miles  iou:h  wol'erly  of  Concord,  60 
wcli  of  I'orti'iiiouth,  and  70  no^th-weft 
ot  i>ollon.  It  was  iiioi  poruted  in  1 764, 
aud  contains  1,9x4  in hdbitacts. 

Weathersfielo,  a  town/hip  of 
Vermont,  Windlor  co.  on  the  welt  fide 
c:  CoimcdVicut  river,  between  Windlor 
oil  the  north,  and  SpringBeld  on  the 
Ibuth.  Aicutncy  Mountain  lies  partly 
in  this  townlhip,  and  in  that  of  Wind- 
fur.  It  is  a  flourilhing  town,  and  con. 
tains  1,097  inhabitants. 

Weai  HERSFiELD,  a  poll-town  of 
Conn£(5licut,  pleafantly  fituated  in  Hart- 
ford CO.  on  the  weA  iide  of  Conneijkicut 
river,  4  miles  S*  of  Hartford,  it  N.  of 
Middletun,  36  N<  by  £ .  of  New-Haveo, 
and  218  N.  E.  of  Philadelphia.  This 
town  was  fettled  in  1635  or  1636,  by 
emigtants  from  Dorchelter  inMaii')chu«. 
ietts,  and  has  a  fertile  and  luxuriant  ibil^ 
It  confifts  of  between  too  and  300 
houlifs,  and  has  a  very  elegant  briclp 
meeting  houfe  fbr  Cungregationalilis. 
'I'he  inhabitants  are  generally  wealthy 
farmers  j  and  beftdca  the  common  pro^ 
duifiuns  of  tlie  country,  raile  great 
quantities  of  onions,  which  are  exported 
to  different  pai  is  of  the  United  btates, 
and  to  the  WelUIndiec. 

WEATHBuroiLO^iPlaeetCbarlesi  aa 
Indian  koulk  and   plantation  of  tha^ 

nam^ 


W  E  L 

rnnie,  on  the  earttrn  fide  of  Alabama 
river,  above  M'Gillivray'»  filler's  place, 
and  a  i^iKxl  wjy  hcluw  the  junilion  ot 
TalU^ufee  and  Cu«ifa  rivtrs. 

WiAUCTENEAuTo-wfl/,  Indian  vil- 
laget  on  Wabalh  river,  dellroyed  l>y 
Genends  Scutt  and  Wilklnlbn  in  1791. 
WgAUS,  or  Wttatt  an  Indian  trdie, 
whole  townit  lie  on  the  head  waters  of 
Wabalh  river.  At  the  treaty  vt  Grccn- 
▼ille  they  ceded  a  >ia6^  ot  land,  6  miles 
fqiiare,  to  the  Uniu-d  States. 

WtAVkR'9  Lake,  in  the  State  of 
New- York,  is  ^  milc»noith-«vc(t  of  lake 
Otiego.  It  is  1  mile*  long  and  1  \  brood. 
WtBHAMET  tivift  in  the  Ditlritl 
of  Maine,  \»  the  principal  entrance  by 
water  to  the  town  of  Wells,  in  York 
CO.     It  has  a  haired  harbour. 

Wech(^etank,  a  Moravian  fcttle- 
inent  made  by  the  United  Biethren,  in 
Pennfylvania,  behind  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains. In  1760,  the  Bethlehem  congre- 
gation purchased  i  ,4.00  acres  of  land  tor 
the  Chriltian  Imiians.  In  176;,  it  was 
deftroyed  by  white  lavages,  who  inha* 
hited  near  Lancaller ;  theyliktwile  niur> 
dered  many  of  the  peaceable  Indians 
fectled  here.  It  was  finally  ileftiuytd 
by  the  Ami  ricans  during  the  late  war. 
It  lies  about  30  miles  north-weft  by 
weft  of  Bethlehem. 
Wei8£NBCko,  a  townfliip  of  Penn- 
.  fylvania,  in  Northampton  county. 

Welch  Mountaitu,  arc  iituated  in 
Chefter  co.  Pennl'ylvania.  Befidcs  other 
ftreams,  Brandy  wine  Creek  riles  here. 

Welch  Tro^,  a  I'mall  territory  of 
Pennfylvania,  ib  named  becaui'c  firlLiet- 
tied  by  Welchmen.  '1  here  are  a  num- 
ber of  fmall  towi:s  in  it,  as  Haverford- 
weft,  Merioneth,  &c.  It  it  pretty 
thicKly  inhabited  by  an  indullrious, 
hardy  and  thriving  people. 

WELCOME,  Str  7bomas  RotSt  or  Ne 
Ultra,  a  bay  or  ftrait  in  that  part  of 
Hudfun^s  Bay  which  runs  up  to  the  N. 
round  from  Cape  Southampton,  open, 
ing  between  lat.  6i.  and  63.  N.  On  the 
weft  or  north  Ihore  is  a  fair  head  land, 
called  tlie  Hope  by  Captain  Middletan, 
in  lat.  6|S.  )o.  N. 

Wbllflebt,  a  tovvnfliip  of  Mafia- 
chufetts,  in  Barnftable  co.  fituated  on 
the  pcninlUla  called  Cape  Ccd  \  S.  £. 
from  Boften,  diftant  by  land  105  miles, 
by  water  60,  and  from  Plymouth  light- 
bouTe  8  leagues.  The  harbour  is  large, 
jjidfluted  within  with  creekt*  whert;  vcf- 


W  t  L 


f«^ 


fcls  of  70  or  80  tons  m^y  lie  Mt  in  what 
is  called  the  Deep  Hole.     The  land  U 
barren,  and  its  timber  it  fmall  phch- 
pine  and  oak.     Before  it  w.is  incorpo- 
rated in  1761,  ii  was  called  the  Nortk 
Prtdnil  ofEuflham,  anil  wis  originally 
incUuled  in  the  Indian  Skeektct  and  Pa- 
mtt.  In  i79o«  it  contained  in;  inha- 
bitants.    Since  the  memory  of  people 
now  living,  there  have  been  in  this  fmall 
town  30  pair  of  twins,  bcfideN  two  births 
that  prodiici-d  three  each.    Thi!  irethoil 
(if  killing  gulls  in  the  gullhunft,  is  no 
doubt  an  Indian  invrntiun,  and  alio  that 
of  killing  birds  and  fowl  upon  the  beach 
in  dark  nights.  The  f;ulUnoufe  is  built 
with  crutches  fixed  in  the  ground  on 
I  lie  beach,  and  covered  with  poles,  the 
tides  being  covered  with  ftakes  and  (ea 
weed,  and  the  poles  on  the  top  covered 
with  lean  whale.  The  man  bcin;;  placed 
within,  is  not  difcovered  by  the  fowls, 
and  while  they  are  contending  for  and 
eating  the  fi(h,  he  draws  them  in  one 
by  one  between  the  poles,  until  he  hat 
col  levied  40  or  s^.    This  number  hat 
.en  been  taken  in  a  morning.     The 
wicthod  of.  killing  fmall  birds  and  fowl 
that  perch  on  the  beach,  it  by  making 
a  light  ;  the  prefent  mode  it  with  hogs' 
lard  in  a  frying  pan ;  but  the  Indiana 
are  {'uppofud  to  have  tiled  a  pine  torch* 
Birds,  in  a  dark  night,  will  fluck  to 
the  light,  and  may   be  killed  with  a 
walking-cane.     It  mud  be  curious  to  a 
countryman  who  lives  at  a  diftance  frora 
the  fea,  to  be  acquainted  with  the  me- 
thod  of  killing  black  filli.     Their  fixe 
is  from  4  to  5  tons  weight,  when  full 
grown.     When  they  come  within  the 
harbours,    boats  furround  them,   and 
they  are  as  eafily  driven  on  (hore,  at 
cattle  or  Iheep  are  driven  on  the  land. 
The  tide   leaves   them,    and  they  are 
eafily  killed.     They  are  a  filh  of  the 
whale  kincf,  and  will  average  a  barrel 
of  oil  each  s  400  have  been  (een  at  one 
time  on  the  fliore.    Uf  late  years  thefe 
fill)  rarely  come  into  the  harbours.   ■ 

Wells,  a  imall,  but  ra,  'd  river  of 
Vermont,  vs-hich,  after  a  th^rt  S.  E. 
courfe,  empties  into  Conneflicut  river^ 
below  the  Narrows,  and  in  the  N.  £. 
corner  of  Newbury.  Its  mouth  it  4f 
yards  wide. 

Wells,  a  townihip  of  Vermont, 
Rutland  co.  between  Pkwlet  and  Poult* 
ney,  and  contains  63»  inhabitants. 
Lake  St.  Auftip  lies  in  ihit.  townlbi})* 


t^ 


vri-N 


•nd  is  three  miles  long,  and  one  broad. 

Wells,  apoft  town  of  theDiftria 
«f  Maine,  in  York  co.  fitiuted  on  tlit 
bay  of  its  name,  about  half  way  lietween 
Biddeford  and  York,  and  88  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Bofton,  and  441  from  Phila: 
delphia.  This  townfhip  is  abovit  10 
miles  long,  and  7  broad  j  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1653,  and  contains  ^.070  in- 
habitants. It  is  bounded  S.  E.  by  that 
£art  of  the  fea  called  Wells  Bay,  and 
f.  £,  by  Kennebunk  river,  vhich  fe- 
fHUrates  it  from  Arundel.  Tie  fmall 
river  Negunket,  perhaps  formerly  Ogun- 
tiquit,  has  no  navigation,  iior  mills  of 
any  value,  but  noticed,  about  1 50  years 
ago,  as  the  boundary  between  York 
and  Wells.  The  tide  through  Pifcata- 
qua  bay  urges  itfslf  into  the  marfties  at 
Wells,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Nes»nnket, 
-wid  fotms  a  harbour  for  fmail  veflels. 
Further  E.  in  this  townfliip,  the  fmail 
river  Moufum  is  tbund  connng  from 
ponds  of  that  name  about  10  miles  from 
the  fea.  Several  mills  are  upon  the 
river,  and  the  inhabitants  are  opening  a 
harbour  by  means  of  a  canal.  Webha- 
met ,  river  is  the  principal  entrance  to 
this  town  by  water. 

Wells  Bay^  in  the  townfliip  abov^' 
mentioned,  lies  between  Capes  Porpoife 
and  Neddock.  The  courfe  from  the  lat- 
ter to  Wells  Bar,  is  N.  by  E.  4.  leagues. 

Well's  FaU'f  in  Delaware  river,  lie 
1 3  miles  N.  W.  of  Trenton,  in  Ncw- 
Jerfey, 

Wendell,  a  townfliip  of  Mnfiachu- 
fetts,  in  Hanipfliire  co.  So  miles  N.  W. 
of  Boltori.  It  was  incorporated  in  tyZi, 
and  contains  519  inhabitants. 

WtNDELL,  a  towi'ifjiip  of  Kcw- 
Hampfliire,  Chefliite  cd.  about  1 5  miles 
N,  E.  of  Charleiiown,  containing  167 
inhabitants.  It  was  calltxi  Saviile,  be- 
Core  its  incorporation  in  178). 

Wenham,  a  towniliip  of  Maflachu- 
iiettt,  Efiiex  CO.  l/etw^-t-u  Tpiwidi  nnd 
Beverley  i  ««>  »r.iles  N.  E.  by  N,  of  Bof- 
fjn.  It  was  incorporated  in  164;^,  and 
contains  502  inhabitants.  licie  is  a 
lar^e  pond,  well  ftorecl  with  fifli,  i'rom 
which,  ard  its  vicinity  to  Sakm,  it  was, 
with,  whimfical  piety,  called  £«o«,  by 
the  iirft  lettl  is. 

Wenman,  one  of  the  (Jailipap^o 
lAaiids,  ou  the  coaft  of  Peru,  fuuatcd 
V .  of  Cape  Francifco. 

We.^TWORTH,  u  townfliip  of  New- 
tjiampibiiv,  Grafton  co.  coutoiniiig  241 


WES 

inhabitantCi  It  was  incorporated  itf 
1766,  and  isS.  E.  of  Oxfora,  adjoin- 
ing. 

We SEL,  a  village  of  New-Jerfey^' 
Eflex  CO.  on  Pafaic  river,  1  miles  nofth- 
wcdward  nf  Acquakenunk,  aixl  5  >)veft.' 
ward  of  Hakkenlack.  ''  > 

West,  or  H^anttaftiqutkt  a  river  of 
Vermont,  has  its  main  fource  in  Brom- 
ley, about  3  miles  S.  E.  from  the  hea4 
of  Otter-Creek.  After  receiving  7  or  % 
fmaller  ftreams,  and  running  about  37 
miles,  it  falls  into  Coniie£licut  river  at 
Brattleborough.  It  is  the  largeft  of  the 
(Ireams  on  the  eaft  (ide  of  the  Greert 
Mountains  ;  and  at  its  mouth  is  about 
1 5  rods  wide,  and  10  or  11  feet  deep. 
A  number  of  figures,  or  infcriptions^ 
are  yet  to  be  feen  upon  tWi  rocks  at  the 
mouth  of  this  river,  feeming  to  allude 
to  the  affairs  of  war  among  the  Indians ) 
but  their  rudeneis  and  awkwardnefs  de- 
note that  the  formers  of  them  were  at 
a  great  remove  from  the  knowlwuge  of 
any  alphabet. 

West  River  Mountain,  in  New- 
Hainpfliire,  in  the  townfliip  of  Chefter- 
field,  lies  opjiofite  to  the  mouth  of  Weft 
river ;  and  f n)in  this  part  of  Connefti- 
oit  river  to  Pifcataqua  Harbour  on  the 
call;  is  90  miles,  the  broadeft  part  of  the 
State.  Here  are  vifible  appearances  of 
volcanic  eruptions.  About  the  year 
1 730,  the  garrilbn  of  Fort  Dummer,  4. 
miesdiftant,  was  alarmed  with  frirqueht 
explofions  of  fiie  and  fmoke,  emitted  by 
the  mountain.  Similar  appearances 
have  been  obfrrved  fince. 

West  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  Lake  Su- 
perior, at  its  wefternmoft  extremity,f 
having  the  i%  ifles  at  its  mouth.  It 
receives  St.  Louis  river  from  the  weft. 

Wfst  Bethlehem,  atownfhipof 
Wadiirgtoii  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Westborough,  atownfhipof  Maf- 
faclmfetts,  Worcelter  co.  34.  miles  weft- 
Ibuih-weU  of  Bofton,  and  13  eaft  of 
Worcefter,  was  incorporated  in  1717. 
Among  other  fingiilar  occurrences  in 
the  Indian  wars,  the  ftrange  fortune  of 
Silas  and  Timothy  Rice  is  worthy  of 
notice.  They  were  fons  of  Mr.  Edmohd 
Rice,  one  of  f^c  firft  fettltrs  in  this 
town,  and  carried  off  by  the  Indians  ort 
Augvit  S,  1704,  the  one  9  the  other  f 
years  of  age.  They  loft  their  mother 
ongue,  had  Indian  wives,  and  childreti 
by  them,  and  lived  at  Cagnatvaga.  Si- 
las wM  named  Totkanawrmt  and  Ti- 

mothy. 


V 


moth 
recor 

India 

ftren 

rived 

the 

<lowi 

houl 

plac( 

chil* 

he  r( 

did 

who 

forg 

tun 

the 

Gajl 

ter 

jnei 


•V 


1-9 

37 

at 

the 

feen 


..\\ 


aiothy)  Ougbtforongougbton,    Timothy  |  fctts ;  fituated  in  the  fowth^weft  conier 
recoinmcndkd  himltlt  To  much  to  the  i  of  Worcefter  co.  igii4|^eaftby  noitii 
Indians  by  his   penetration,   courage,    of  Springfield,  39  in  thie  filmed  ■"""*'*'•' 
ftrc;ngth,  and  warlike  fpirit,  that  he  ar- 
rived to  be  the  third  ot  the  6  chiefs  of 
the  Cagtttvwagas.     I»  1740  he  came 
down  to  fee  his  friends.    He  viewed  the 
houfe  where  Mr.  Rice  dwelt,  and  the 
place  frcm  whence  he  with  the  other 
children  were  captivated,  of  both  which 
he  retained  a  cU-ar  remembrance  ;  as  he 
did  likev^'ift:  of  iifveral  elderly  perfons 
who  .were  then  iiving,  though  he  had 
forgot  the  Englifh  language.^    He  re- 
turned to  Canada,  and,  it  is  fatd^  he  was 
the  chief  who  made  the  fpeech  to  Gen. 
Gage  in  liehalf  of  the  Cagnawagas,  af- 
ter the  redii6lion  of  Montreal.     Thefe 
men  were  alivt^in  1790. 

West  Camp,  a  thriving  village  of 
New-York,  containing  about  60  lioufeS, 
in  Columbia  co.  on  the  eall  fide  of 
Hudibn's  river,  7  miles  above  Red  Hook, 
and  13  north  of  New- York  city. 

West-Chester,  a  county  of  New- 
York  }  bounded  nortl.  by  Dutchels  co. 
Ibuth  by  Loag-IAand  Sound,  well  by 
Hudfon's  river,  and  eaft  by  the  State  of 
Connecticut.  It  includes  Captain's 
lilands  and  all  the  iHands  in  the  found, 
to  the  eaft  of  Frogs  NecJ',  and  to  the 
northward  of  the  main  channel.  In 
1793,  it  contained  24,00;}  inhabitants^ 
including  1419  Haves.     In  1796,  there 


from  WorceAcr,  am  73  fowth- 
fouth  of  fio^n. 

Western,  I'prty  in  the  Diimft  of 
Maine,  was  ere£tcd  in  1752,  on  the  eaft- 
bank  of  the  iinali  fall  which  terminate!  . 
the  navigation  of  Kenneheck  river.  It 
is  18  miles  from  Taconnet  Fail.  Se« 
KeHtiebtck  Rhver,  It  is  in  the  townAiiji 
of  Harwington,  Lincoln  co.  A  com- 
pany  was  incorporated  in  Feb.  1796,  t» 
build  a  bridge  over  the  river  at  chu 
place. 

Western  Precinif,  in  Somerfet  co. 
New-Jerfey,  contains  1,875  inhabitants, 
including  317  flavcs. 

Western  Territory.  See  Ttrritnj 
Nortb-fTejlo/ the  Ohio. 

Westfield,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont ;  Orleans  co.  fourh  of  Jny 

Westfield,  a  pleafant  poft-town 
of  Mallachui(;tts,  Uamplhire  co.  on  the 
river  of  this  name,  in  aciuious  vale,  lo 
miles  weA  of  S^H-ingfield,  34  eaft  of 
Stockbridge,  5a  fouthweft  of  Wo:cef- 
ter,  105  \'eft-fuuth-weft  of  Bofton,  and 
260  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  4 
Congregational  church,  an  academy, 
and  r.bout  50  or  60  compa^  hoiifes. 
The  townfhipwas  incorpoiated  in  16^0, 
and  contains  2,204  inhabitants. 

Westfield,  a  fmall  river  of  Mafla- 


were,  in  its  21  townfhips,  3,243  of  the  >  chufetts,  which  rifes  in  Berklhire  co. 


inhabitaiUs  qualified  ele^ors. 

West-Chester,  the  chief  townlhip 
of  the  above  county  j  lying  partly  on 
the  Scvn'.l,  about  i  $  miles  eafterly  of 
New- York  city.  It  was  much  impo- 
verifhed  in  the  kte  war,  and  contains 
.1203  inhabitants;  of  wlom  164  are 
electors,  and  242  flaves. 

West  Chester,  thf  chief  town  of 
Chefter  co.  Pennl'ylvania,  containing 
about  50  houl'es,  a  court-houfe,  itone 
gaol,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church.  Tc 
is  about  25  miles  weft  of  Philadelphia. 

Westerly,  a  poft-town  on  the  fea- 
coaft  of  Waihington  co.  Rhode-Ifland, 
and  feparated  from  Stonington  in  Con- 
ue6licut  by  Paucatuck  river,  36  miles 
weft  by  fouth  of  Newport,  and  256 
from  Philadi'luhia.  The  inhabitants 
,ca.ry  on  a  briflc  coafting  trade,  and  are 
cxtenfivejy  engigcd  in  the  filheries. 
The  town^iip  contains  2,298  inhabi- 
tants, of  wlioin  10  are  flaves. 

vrBSTERN0  ii  tewofliip  of  Maflachu- 


and  runs  nearly  a  fouth-eaft  courfe 
through  'Middlefitld,  Weltfield,  and 
Weft-Springfield,  where  it  empties  int» 
the  Connefliciit,  by  a  mouth  about  39 
yards  wide. 

Westfield,  a  townflilp  of  New, 
York,  W;(liington  co.  bounded  fouth- 
crly  by  Kingtbury,  and  northerly  bjf 
Whitehar..  It  contains  2,103  inhabi.- 
tants,  of  whom  186  are  electors,  and  9 
flaves.     It  lies  near  Lake  George. 

Westfield,  in  Richmond  co.  New- 
York,  is  bounded  northerly  by  the 
Frefh  Kill,  eafterly  by  SouthfieUi,  «nd 
werterly  by  the  Souiul.  It  contains 
1151  inhabitants,  of  whom  131  ar« 
eleitors,  and  276  ilaves. 

Westfield,  a  fmall  town  in  FJTcx 
CO.  New-Jerfey,  containing  a  Prefbyte- 
riaa  churrii,  and  about  40  compail 
houfes.  It  is  about  7  or  8  miles  VV, 
of  Elizabeth-Town. 

West-Florida.     Sec  Florida.    * 

Westford,  a  towndiip  of  Vermont^ 


[ 


•^nmrnim 


l^,Mn*„MUmiflk*>mi> 


r 

.  C*'"#iflU 

IB  Chhtimdpn  c(^N.  E.  of  Colchefter, 

tains  63  inhabitants. 

ipbfMaflUchu- 

co.  48.miie» 

;on,  and  contains  t^4^ 

In  tlie  year  i79S«  an  aca> 

4^liniih$  eftiblifhed  here. 

WEiT-GaBENWiCH,  a  tovrnftiip  in 
XLentco.  Riuxie>Ifland»  containing  I1O54 
iohabitantfl,  including  10  flaves. 

Wrbtham,  a  fmall  town  ci  Virginia, 
Henrico  co.   an  the  N.  bankof  Jnmes' 
'  river,  6  miles  N.  W.  by  W,  oi  Rich 
rnan^i    Here  Bcnedi£l  Arnold  delh-oy- 
'«d  one  ot  the  iineft  foundai'ie^i  <or  can- 
aoh  in  Africa,  and  a  large  quantity  of 
ftore»;  riipp7r"ri,  in  Januat y,  i  /  <<  i . 
Ai^flHMiyiijrTO^     a     townOiip    df 
.^>4HA4|iV^lUi  Kaavplhire  co.  7  r.  ilet* 
Wefterly  oi  Northampton,  and  1 09  ii. 
W.  hjiW,  of  Bofton.    It  contains  687 
inhabitants,  ami  lies  on  ihs  W.  fide  ot 
Connecticut  river. 

West  Harbour^  on  the  S.  co.ift  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  to  the  N.  of 
Portland  Point.  There  is  good  anchor- 
age, but  expofed  to  Sv  and  S.  E.  winds. 
^,|^$t-Haven,  a  parifti  of  the  town- 
Aiji  of  New-Haven,   in  Connecticut, 

Sleafantly  fituafed  on  the  Harlraur  and 
ound,  3.niiles  W.  S.  W.of  the  city. 
W^est-Indies,  amuhitudeofidands 
between  North  and  bouth  America, 
which  were  fo  named  at  fnft,  on  ^he 
prefumption  that  tliey  extended  lb  far 
as  to  form  a  connexion  with  tltof?  of 
the  Eaft-Indies.  The  fallacy  of  dtis 
fuppofition  wa«  foon  difcovered  ;  the 
name,  however,  has  been  retained,  to 
prevent  confufion  in  the  geographical 
accounts  ot  the  iilands.  The  continent 
was  ulfo  foir'Aimcsicalled  by  this  name, 
|ill  its  natiu'al  divifiun  being  more  at- 
tended to,  it  obtained  a  diiUnCl  appe! 
latMO.  See  Caribbee  ijlands^  and  Antil- 
Itt.  They  lie  in  thciorm  of  a  bow,  or 
lemidrcle,  ({retching  almoft  fr«rn  the 
coaft of  Florida  n«rth,  to  the  river  Oro- 
noka,  in  the  main,  continent  of  South- 
America.  Such  as  are  worth  cnlttva- 
lion,  now  belong  to  five  Euiopean  pow- 
ers.^vit.  Great-Britain,  Spain,  France, 
Uoiland,  and  Denmark. 

The  Br»Vi/16  claim 
Tamaica,  XJrenada,  and  the 

Barbadoes,  Grenadines, 

St.  ChriAopherSi     Dominica, 
Amiguat  St.  Vinc«otj 


Nevis,  Bermudas, 

Montferrat,  The  Bahama  i  liU 

'  Barbuda^  ands. 
Anjiuilla, 

,r^      ..A  -Vfota  clanos 

CubaT/  i  Trinidad, 
Porto  RicqiiA  ^      Maigaretta. 

The  French  claim 
St.  Domingo,  or  ''  Guadaloupe, 

Hiipaniola,        '     St.  Lucia, 
Martinico,  Tobago. 

The  Dutch  claim  the'ifiands  o^ 
St.  Eullatia,  Curaflbn,    or  fCa« 

•"if.ba,  lafoa.  V 

Denmark  claims  the  iflaiKls  of 
?jt.  Croix,  St.  Thomas,  and  St.  John's. 

.   Snueden  alii)  poflefi!}* 
The  fmall  iiland  of  St.  Barlbo]om|wi 

The  climate  in  all  the  Wefti^Indi^  \iU 
ands  is  neatly  the  fame,  aliuwingi  for 
thofe  accidental  differences  whicb  th» 
levcral  fituaiions  and  qualities  of  the 
lands  iherofelves  produce.  As  ihey 
lie  within  the  tropics,  and  the  fun  gtra 
quite  over  their  heads,  paffing  be]|rond 
them  to  the  iwrth,  and  never  retuming 
larther  from  any  of  them  than  about 
30  degrees  to  the  fouth,  they  wouU*  be 
continually  fubjeCled  to  an  extreme  and 
intolerable  heat, .  if  tlie  trade  windt,  ri> 
fing  gradually  as  the  iiin  gathers  ftrength^ 
diii  not  blow  in  upon  them  from  the 
Tea,  and  refresh  the  air  in  fuch  a  !j>an- 
ner,  as  to  enable  them  to  attend  their 
concerns  even  under  the  meridian-fan. 
On  the  other  hand,  as  the  night  advan- 
ces, a  brreze  b^ns  to  be  perceived, 
which  blows  iinartly  from  the  land,  as 
it  were  from  the  centre,  towardit.  the 
fea,  to  all  points  of  the  compafs  it  dhce. 
By  the  fame  remarkable  Providence  in 
the  difpoling  of  things,  it  is,  that  when 
the  fun  har*  made  a  great  progrefs  to- 
wards the  tropic  of  Cancer,  and  becomes 
in  a  manner  verticali  he  draws  after 
him  a  vaft  body  of  clouds,  which 
(hield  them- from  his  direct  beams,  and 
diffolving  into  rain,  cool  the  air,  and 
refrefli  the  country,  tUirfty  with  the  long 
drought,  which  commonly  prevails 
irorti  the  beginning  of  January  ta  the 
latter  end  of  May.  The  rains  make 
the  only  diflinflion  of  feafons  in  the 
Weft-Indies }  the  trees  are  green  the 
whole  year  round }  tbev  have  no  cold; 
no  frofti  no  fpowa»  aod  but  rarely  (bmc 

iiaili 


X 


R^ 


M 


7S 


'•'■   lA 

»V    ' 

m4 ' '<  m         '1 

k* 

Lii, 

?fe*. 

iir* 

jOfal.«M. 

ir^r^   1 

i; 

^te^n  aa        1 

/^ 

^5 


wmm 


Wm 


s     i 


w 


.p'sy:,.;,.; 


*« 


■*t<r\:'\'     *■ 


S-' 


''W^. 


!J      .    (. 


..,JS?^'*»^., 


'■'^ .- 


.# 

# 


^-«s 


■  ^?l 


i'>»|»gWa-'W..WI<<l?y.-'».,tWliii«t>|i^ 


ffiil)  tKe<  ftorm*  of  bail  are»  however, 
▼ery  violent  wht.'  they  happen,  and 
the  hail-ftones  vr  y  mat  and  heavv. 
The  grand  ftaplw^  commodity  of  the 
Weft-Irtdie*  is  Uigar.  ThePttrtuguefe 
were  the  firft  who  culti  crated  it  in  Ame- 
rica. The  juice  of  the  fugar  cane  is 
the  moft  lively,  excellent,  and  the  leaft 
tloying  fweet  in  nature-.  They  Com- 
pute that,  when  things  are  well  ma- 
naged, the  rum  and  molafles  pay  the 
charges  of  the  plantation,  and  the  fu- 
gars  are  clear  gain;  The  (Quantity  of 
rum  and  molalfts  erporred  from  all  the 
Sritith  Weft-Indiii  Iflands  iti  17S9  fo 
all  parts,  was  accurately  as  follows : 
Rum,  9,492,177  gal.ofwhichi, 4.85,461 
gal.  came  to  the  United  States;  Molaf- 
les, 11,191  gal.  of  which  xooo  gal. 
time  to  the  United  States.  The  ne- 
groes in  the  plantations  are  Aibfifted  at 
B  very  eafy  rate^  This  is  generally  by 
allotting  to  each  family  of  them  a  fmall 
^rtion  of  land,  and  allowing  them  two 
days  in  the  week,  Saturday  and  Sunday, 
to  cultivate  it ;  fome  are  fubfitted  in 
this  manner,  but  others  find  their  ne- 
groes a  certain  portion  of  Indian  or 
Guinea  torn,  and  to  fome  a  fait  herring, 
or  a  certain  poi'tion  of  bacon  or  fait 
pork,  a  day.  All  the  reft  of  the  ch?rge 
confifts  in  a  cap,  a  fliiit,  a  pair  of  breecn- 
«fs,  and  a  blanket ;  and  the  profiiof  their 
labour  yields  on  an  average  ^10  or^ii 
alinually*  The  price  of  men  negroes, 
Upon  their  fird  arrival,  is  from  ^30  to 
Xl^  I  women  and  grown  boys  50s.  lefs ; 
but  fuch  negro  families  as  are  acquaint- 
ed with  the  huflnel's  of  the  iflands,  ge- 
nerally bring  above  ^40  upon  ah  aver- 
age onp  with  another;  and  there  are 
Snftances  of  a  fmgle  negro  man,  expert 
in  the  bufinefs,  bringing  1 50  guineas  ; 
and  the  wealtli  of  a  planter  is  generally 
computed  from  the  number  of  flaves  he 
poflefles.  In  the  year  1787,  the  Mora- 
vians or  United  Brethren,  had  the  fol- 
lowing number  of  converted  negro 
flaves,  independent  of  thofe  who  atten^.- 
ed  divine  I'ervice. 

In  Antigua  -  -  -  5*465 
In  St.  Kitts,  a  new  mifllon  •  -  80 
In  Barbadoes  and  Jamaica  about  100 
In  St.  Thomases,  St.  Croix,  and 

St.  John's  about  -  10,000 

In  Sun'inam  (or  the  continent) 

about        ....       400 
Still  living  in  the  Weft. Indies    — 

andSurrinam       «       •        I'^i^^S 


Fiputatkn  tftb$  BuM  We/ 
I/. 

Jamaica 

Barbadoet 

Grenada 

St.  Vincent 

Dominica ' 

Antigua 

Montlerrat 

Nevis 

St.  Chriftopher't 

Virgin  Ifles 

Bahamas 

Bermudas 

Toi-^i        65105  4S5»68f 

There  is  likewife,  inbch  of  the  iflands» 
a  number  of  perlbnil  of  mixed  blood»- 
and  native  blacks  of  ree  condition.,  I^ 
Jamaica,  they  are  re^oned  at  10,000  $ 
and  about  the  fame  nhiber  in  the  other 
iflands  taken  colle£li|ly.  The  follow- 
ing ftatement  was  ma^  by  Mr.  Dundaa 
in  the  Britifli  Houfe  «  Commons.  Ini« 
ports  from  the  Brith  Weft-Tndies  in 
'79S»  £*»8oo>ooo  ftd.-^revenue  arif- 
ing  therefrom,  iCiti4>oo<''^fltipping' 
employed  in  that  trae,  664  veiTels-^A 
tonnage,  1 53,000— fanen,  8,000.  Ex^ 
ports  from  Great-Btain  to  the  Weft«t 
Indies,  in  i794>  iCsl^OiOOO)  employ^ 
ing  700  veneb"toiiage,  177,000—% 
feamen  i2,coo.  Pre  ice  of  the  iflanda 
imported  and  re-expo  sd,  ^3,700,000. 
The  foiiowing  accour  of  the  white  in^ 
habitants,  firee  neerc^,  and  flaves,  inf 
the  French  iflands  is  grafted  fsom  the 
ftatement  of  Monf.  ^tckar;  but  it  i« 
tho^ught  that  the  nk-o  flaves  vitam:*' 
doubled  before  the  dtnmencement  ol^ 
the  French  revolution! 


«779 

l77« 
>779 


St.  Dominp  in 

Mirtinico      in 

Guadaioape    in 

SI.  Lucia        in  tTf 

Tobago  (ftippofed  "% 
to  DC  the  hm«  > 
aa  St.  Lticia)       3 

Cayeuse  (S>  A.J  in    17(6 


V.  Blacki. 

7»»M 
•,89a 

»>»40 

•>oio 


SIMM. 

•49)*9a 
7».««t 
■5»3«7 
«0,J4« 

«<»«74» 

•OiS)t 


«j|a 


t3>4<»        437,73< 

The  French  writers  4te  the  number 
of  fliips  employed  in  heir  Weft-India 
tr^de  at  600,  each  onkn  average  300 
tons — their  feamen  at  115,000.  The 
prodtice  in  1785,  i6onllion.sof  livres. 
The  Weft-India  tr'ade  1  thought  to  be 
worth  to  France  about  ^400,000  fterl. 
annually.    This  was  b(H>r^  the  revolu- 


I 


tion.    The  value  of  thi 
India  trade  it  bl<rndv 


SpaniOi  Weft- 
wjit^h  that   of' 
America 


m 


nes 


Amertcf  in  gene  1 1  Cee  Spaniji  Am^- 
riea.     The  Diifi  Weft- India  ttade 


^l^m 


Iwringji  in  a  rf 
pvnmvk  of 
^   id«  are  dei 


to  the  King  of 

dollats.      The 

under  their  relpec- 


iVentMiiea- 

We«T  LiBiiKir,  a>  poll  town  of 
yiivinja,  and  thcjapital  of  Ohio  co. 
'»  muated  at  the  1  ;id  of  Short  Creek, 
^-  miks  from  the  rtiio.  It  contains 
fbove  lao  hourei*  I  'relbyterian  church, 
f  couit-houfe  and  j  ol.  It  iiei  t  miU  t 
weft  of  the  Pennfy  inta  line,  1 9^  north- 
weft  of  Wheeling,  k  weft  of  Wafliing. 
(on  In  Fennfyl^MtiU  ^^^  34^  weft  of 
Philadelphia.        " 

We  »r  RUifi^tjj weft  fliore  of  Kud- 
o's Bav in NortMimciici.  is  i'o  calleil, 
at  leaft  diat  partoi|i>  called  J^rjes  Bay. 
lee  Ea/I  Mbm, 

Westminste  atownlhipof  Miif- 
f^dtufetta,  (ituateL  n  Worcefter  co.  was 
nanted  to  thofe  « lo  did  iervice  in  the 
^arraganftt  war»  <  their  heirs,  in  1 7x8, 

}nd  was  then  ftylei  NMrraganJiu  -^t*  *• 
t  was  incorporate  by  its  prelent  name 
&  1759)  >nd  con  ins  so,coo  acres  of 
^ad«  well  waterei  It  is  fituated  on 
the  height  of  lane  between  the  nvers 
Merrimack  and  <3nnedicut,  having 
ftreams  arifin^  in  t '.  town,  and  running 
into  both.  It  is  tout  55  miles. from 
Ipofton  to  the  nort  of  weft,  and  about 
%%  miles  north  fron  Worce(ter«,and  con- 
tains 177  dweUiit-hottfe8>  and  1176 
iphabitants.  f 

We  ST  MI  N  sfsi  a  confiderabte  town- 
ib'P  of'Vermontjjin  Windham  cu.  on 
Conne61icut  riverjoppofite  W;  'pole  in 
Ncw-I|^mpfliire.  It  contains  1601  in- 
habitants. Sexto's  river  erters  the 
Connciliciit  in  th*.  E.  corner  of  the 
townfliin.  Here  i»  poft-office  1$  miks 
.north  oi  Brattlebokigh,  18  north- weft 
of  Keen,  in  New-kampihire,  59  uuith 
oj"  Nprthanipion  ij  Maffachuratts,.  and 
3»j)  north  ealt  pf  fiiladelphia. 

WESTMlNsTri,  the  etfternmoft 
town  pf  Frederlclcco.  Maryland,  about 
18  miles  E.  N.  8  of  Wocxi (borough, 
s6  north  weftcf  ^aliinwre,  am!  4.7  N. 
by  E.  of  the  cityif  WaOiington. 

WESTMORKjfhe  wefternmoft  to\m- 
flilp  of  Effex  CO.  *ermorit.  Willough- 
by  Lake  lies  in  t.is  towivlhip. 

Wbstmoreqvnd,  a  county  of  Vir 


l^inta,  bounded 
fowmack  river. 


oith  and  eaft  by  Pa- 
which  divides  il  from 
Mary'and,  ibutFeaft  by  Northcmber- 


lam),  ibuth-weft  by  Richmond,  wid  weft 
by  Kmg  George.  It  coDtains  77ta  in- 
habitants, of  whom  4ft  s  are  flaves* 
This  county  has  the  honour  rf  having 
itiven  bi*jd»  toGEORCE  Washington, 
fiift  Prelident  of  the  United  States. 
The  court-houle  in  this  cminty  is  on' 
the  fouth  bank,  of  Patowmack  river,  lO' 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Richmond,  t6  iKurth- 
weftof  Kinfale,  and  189  fouth  w^ft  by 
ibiith  of  Philadelphia.  Here  is  a  poft- 
office. 

Westmoreland,  a  county  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  boinided  north  by  Lycoming^ 
and  fouth  by  Fayette  co.  and  a^ouiida 
wit'i  iron  ore  and  coal.  It  contain^'  i* 
townfliips  and  10,0:8  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding ti8  Haves.  Chief  town  Greeni'> 
burc. 

Vvestmorelan-d,  a  confiderable 
townftiip  of  New  Hampfliiie,  Cheftiiie 
CO.  oj)  tlm  eaftem  bank  of  Connc6Ucut 
river,  between  Cheilei  field  and  Wal- 
poie,  lYamllfs  from  Portfmouth.  \k 
was  incorporated  init75«,  and  contati»i 
x,oi8  inhabitants. 

We sTM ORE  LAM  9,  a  towniliip'  of 
New-York,  in  Herkemer  co.  taken  from. 
Whtteftown,  and  incorporated  in  1792 » 
In  1796,  it  o(>ntained  840/ inhabitants, 
of  whom  137  wereele^lois.  Tlie  cen- 
tre of  the  town  is  6  miles  fouth  of  Fort 
:  Schuyler,  and  36  north-weft;of  Cooperf-^ 
■towrt. 

Westmoreland,  a  tra6l.  of  land 
in  Pennfyivania,  bounded  eaft  by  Dela-*^ 
ware  river,  weft  by  a  line  drawn  due- 
north  and  fouth  1 5  miles  weft  of  Wy-  , 
oming  on  Surquehahnah  river,  and  bci. 
tween  the  parallels  of  41  and  49  de- 
grees of  north. lat.  was)  claimel  by  the 
State  of  G^nnefUcutj  as  within  the  li- 
mits of  tlieir  original  charter,  and  in 
1 7  54.  vizr,  uurchaied  of  the  Six  Nations 
of  Indians  by  the  Sufquehaiinah  and  De- 
laware con  ipanies,  and  afttiwarcis  i(:ttled.. 
ny    a  confulerable    colony,    under  the- 
juriUiii5lion  of  Conne^icut.    This  tra£t 
was  called  Wefi'-ntirtlandy  and  annexed 
to  tiie   county   \ii  Litchfield   in   Con- 
ue('^jciit.     The  Pciiniylvanians  difput- 
ed  the  claim   of  Cov^neflicut  to   thefe. 
ianiis,  atid  ir  the  progrefs  of  this  bufi»- 
net's  tiiere  wav  much  w.um  contention,, 
and  ibmc  bloodftied.      T^ils  unhappy 
difpute  h^s  fiucc  heen  adjulled.      Sea 
Wyoming. 

Weston,  a  townfhip  of  Maflacho- 
fetts,  iu  Middlelex  ca.  i  s  miicji  weft  of 

Baft«iu. 


'  w*. 


MM  Vttw 
77*3  iii- 
e  Havct* 
f  having- 

INCTON, 

State*, 
nty  is  an- 
riveri  lO' 
t6nort)i. 
w.ft  by 
Map«ft. 


vrts 

Bofton.    tt  was  incorporated  in  X7ii| 
andtontains  ifOi^  lAhaHitaAta. 

Weston,  p,  towi.JTy;*  01"  ConneA!- 
«tit»  Fairii«ki  co«  north  ut'  Fairfield,  ad- 
joining. 

.   Weston's  l/la»d$t  groups  of  iflands 
in  Janiev's  Bay. 

West  Po i n t,  a  (Iror.g  fortreft creft- 
cd  duiing  the  revolution,  on  the  weft 
bank  of  Hudfou's  river,  in  the  State  of 
Kev^-York,  6  miles  alwve  Anthony's 
Noft,  7  below  Ftfli-Kill,  zi  S.of  Poogh- 
Iceepfie,  ami  about  60  N.  of  New- York 
city.     It  is  fiCiiated  in  the  midft  of  the 
high  lands,  and  is  ftrongly  fortified  by 
nature  as  v^eil  as  art.     The  principal 
fort  is  ^tttiated  on  a  point  of  land,  iarm- 
cd  by  a  fudden  bend  in  the  river*  and 
<ommaiida  it,  for  a  confiderable  diftance, 
above  and  below.    Fort  Putnam  is  fiiu- 
ated  a  little  farther  back,  on  an  emi- 
nence which  overlooks  the  other  fort, 
and  commands  a  greater  extent  of  the 
river.    There  are  a  number  of  boufes 
and  barracks  on  the  point  near  the  forts. 
On  the  opjpofite  Hde  of  the  river,  are 
the  ruins  of  Old  Fort  Conttitutton,  with 
fome  barracks  going  to  decay.  A  num- 
ber of  continental  troops  are  ftationcd 
here  to  guard  the  arfenal  and  ftores  of 
the  United  States,  which  are  kept  at  this 
«lace.    This  fortrefs  is  called  the  Gib. 
raltar  of  America*  as  by  realbu  of  the 
rocky  ridges,  riling  one  behind  another, 
it  is  incapable  of  being  invefled  by  lefs 
than  10,000  men.    The  fate  of  Ameri- 
ta  fecmed  to  hoVer  over  this  place.     It 
was  taken  by  theBritifli,  and  aftei  wards 
retaken  by  ftomi)   in  a    very  galiuiu 
manner,  by  Gen.  Wayne.     Benedift 
Arnold,  to  whom  the  important  charge 
pf  this  foit  was  committed,  defia;ned  to 
iiave  fiirrendered  it  up  to  the  Britilh } 
butProvidencedifappoinred  the  treafon- 
'ible  deligrv,  by  the  moft  limple  nieans. 
Major  Andre,  a  moit  accompUnied  and 
gallant  ofiicer,  was  t»ken>  tried,   and 
executed  as  a  fpy,  and  Arnold  efcaped. 
Thus  the  BritiA  exchanged  one  of  their 
beft  officers,  for  one  of  the  worlt  men 
in  the  American  army> 

WestPORt,  a  floiirifhing  townfhip 
of  Maffachufetts,  Briftol  co.  70  miles 
ibutherly  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  r7'87,  and  contains  2,466  in- 
habitants. 

West  Spriugfiel!),  a  townfhip  of 
Maffachuletts.,  Hampfhiie  co.  on  the 
W.  fid«  of  Conrieflicut  ri;'t;r,  oppofite 


W  H  A  595 

Springfield,  about  at  miles  north  of 
Hartford,  and  lOo  W.  8.  W.  of  Bofhm. 
In  the  compact  part  are  about  forty 
dwelling  houles,  and  a  CongrcgatiomJ 
church.  The  townfliip  Contains  3  pa« 
rilhes,  and  i>)67  inhabitants. 

West-Stockbridob,  a  towmfliip 
of  Maflachuletts,  in  Berklhire  co.  ad- 
joining Stockhridge  on  the  weft,  aad 
has  the  New. York  line  on  the  north- 
weft,  nd  lies  i  jo  miles  from  Bofton. 
William's  river,  and  its  ftreams,  wate^ 
the  townftiip,  and  accommodate  3  iron, 
works,  a  fuUing-mUIf  a  grift-mill,  and 
»  Taw  mills. 

West-Town,  a  townibip  inCheftcr 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Wethersfisld.  SttWeatherifitU, 

Wbybridge,  a  townfhip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  Addifon  county,  feparated  from 
New- Haven  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Ot- 
ter Creek.  It  contains  175  inhabitants. 
Snake  Mountain  lici  nearly  on  the  line 
between  this  townlbip  and  that  of  Ad- 
difon on  the  weft. 

Weymouth,  the  Weffagufant  or 
Woffag^tti  of  the  Indiana,  a  townfhip 
of  Maftachufetts,  Norfolk  co.  incorpo. 
rated  in  1635.  It  lies  14  miles  S.  E. 
of  Bofton,  and  employs  fome  fmall  vef- 
fels  in  the  mackaiel  bfhery.  Fure  river 
on  the  N.  W.  and  Back  river  on  the  S. 
£.  include  near  one  half  of  the  town, 
fhip.  The  cheefe  made  here  is  reckon- 
ed among  tlie  beft  brought  to  Bofton 
mHrket.  It  is  faid  to  be  one  of  the  old- 
eft  towns  in  the  State :  Mr.  Wefton, 
an  Englifh  merchant,  having  made  a 
temporary  fettlement  here  in  fummer, 
1622.  It  contains  232  houfes,  and 
1469  inhabitants. 

Whale  Cove  Ijland,  in  the  north, 
em  part  of  N.  America,  is  the  moft 
northerly  of  two  iflands  lying  to  the  S. 
of  Brook  Cobham,  or  Marble  Iftand, 
which  is  in  lat.  63.  N.  Lovegrdve,  the 
other  ifland,  has  a  fair  opening  to  the 
weft  of  it. 

Whale  Fish  ijlatidy  in  the  river 
EflVquibo,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  America, 
is  above  the  Seven  Brothers,  or  Seven 
Iflamls,  and  below  the  Three  Brothers. 

Whale  Ifiandt  at  the  mouth  of 
M'Kenzie's  river,  in  the  North  Sea  or 
Frozen  Ocean,  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  noith-wcftern  part  of  North- Ameri- 
ca.   N.  lat.  69.  14. 

Whappino's  Creeh^  a  fmall  creek 
vvliich  empties  tlxrough  the  eaft  bank  of 

£'  p  2  HiulCon'  a 


596 


WH  I 


Hudibn's  river,  in  the  townlhipoFFKh- 
Kill,  X  miles  foiithrof  Poughkeepfir,  and 
7»  north  of  New* York  city.  Here  are 
two  milli,  at  whkh  confidenble  bufi- 
neft  it  performed. 

Wharton,  a  townfliip  of  Fayette 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Whatbly,  n  towmfliip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Hampfliire  CO.  lo  mileif  north 
of  Northampton,  and  105  mile*  from 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1771, 
and  contains  736  inhabitants. 

Whbeiinc,  or  Wbttlitt,  a  poft-town 
of  Virgrinia,  fitiiated  at  the  mouth  of  a 
(.c:ek  on  the  eall  bank  of  Ohio  river, 
10  miles  ^bove  Grave  Creek,  i3  Ibuth- 
weft  of  Weft  Liberty,  and  61  fouth- 
weft  of  Pittfburg.    Not  far  from  this 

Jtlace,  a  wall  has  been  dil'covercd  fome 
eet  under  the  eartli,  very  regularly 
built,  apparently  the  work  of  art.  It. 
is  363  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Wheel^ck,  a  townlhip  of  Vermont, 
in  Caledonia  co.  about  so  miles  north- 
weft  of  Littleton,  and  contains  33  in> 
habitants. 

Wheelwright  <?«/,  at  the  north- 
weft  end  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chrifto- 
Sher's  in  the  Weft-Imlies,  has  Willet's 
tay  and  Mafshoufe  Bay  to  the  eaft,  and 
Courpon's  and  Convent  Bays  to  the 
fouth-weft.  There  is  a  fand  before  the 
entrance  which  appears  to  prevent  iliips 
from  going  in. 

WuENNUiA,  oneof  twofmall  iflands 
in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the 
ifland  of  Otaha. 

Whetstone  Fon^  "  on  the  north 
fide  of  Patapfco  river,  and  weft  fide  of 
the  mouth  of  Baltimore  harbour,  in 
Maryland.  It  is  oppofite  Golluch 
Point,  if  miles  eafterly  from  the  Balti- 
more Company's  iron-works,  at  the 
mouth  of  Gwinn's  Falls. 

Whip  PA  NY,  a  village  of  New-Jer- 
fey,  Morris  co.  on  a  branch  of  Paflfaick 
river,  nearly  5  miles  N.  £.  of  Murrif- 
town. 

Whirl,  or  Suck,  in  TennefTec  river, 
Ces  in  about  lat.  35.  N. 

White,  a  river  or  tdirent  iflliing 
fivm  the  mountaiii  of  fulphur  in  the 
ifland  of  Gaudafoupe,  in  the  Weft- In- 
dies. It  is  thus  named  as  often  afTum- 
ing  a  white  colour  from  the  afhes  and 
fulphur  covering  it.  It  empties  into 
the  river  St.  Louis. 

White,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
joint  Arkiu^  river,  a  water  of  the 


w  H  r 

Mifliffppi,  about  10  milet  above  tfe 
fort,  which  Mr.  Hutchins  reckons  590 
'  computed  miles  from  New-Orleant,  and 
660  from  the  fea.  It  has  been  havi- 
eated  above  soo  miles  in  flat- bottomed 
boats.    See  Arkanfat,        1 

White,  a  fmall  river  of  the  N.  W.- 
Territory,  which  purfues  :)  north- weft, 
and,  near  its  mouth,  a  wefterly  courfe, 
and  enters  Wnbafli  river,  i«  miles  be- 
low the  month  of  Chick  afaw  river. 

White,  a  river  of  Vermont,  which 
falls  intoConnefticut  river  about  5  mile* 
below  Danmoath  college,  between  Nor- 
wich and  Hartford.  It  is  from  100  to 
1 50  yards  wide,  fome  diftance  from  its 
mouth.  Its  Iburce  is  ill  a  fpring,  which 
by  means  of  Onion  river,  communi- 
cates with  Lake  Champlain.  It  de- 
rives its  name  from  the  whitenefs  of  it» 
water. 

White  Bay,  on  the  E.  coaft  of  Ncww 
foimdland  Ifland,  in  the  Machigonis  ri- 
ver.    Its  N.  limit  is  Cape  d'Areent. 

White  Cape,  or  Blanco,  on  tne  weft; 
coaft  of  New-Mexico,  is  ao  leagues  to 
the  north-weft  of  Herradura.  This  cape, 
in  lat.  10.  N.  bears  with  the  ifland  Ca- 
noe, at  north-weft  by  weft  and  S.  E.  by 
£.  and  with  St.  Lnke  liland  at  N.  E. 
by  N.  and  fouth-weft  by  fonth-,  being 
about  9  leagues  from  each. 

White  Deer,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfyl'- 
vania,  flttiated  on  Sufquehannah  river. 

White  Ground,  a  place  in  the  Creek 
country,  lO  miles  from  Little  Talaflee. 

Whitefield,  a  townfliip  of  Penn- 
fylvania, in  Weftmoreland  county. 

Whitehall,  a  townfliip  of  Penn- 
fylvania, in  Northampton  county. 

Whitehall,  a  townfhip  ot  New- 
York,  Wafhington  eo.  bounded  fouth- 
erly  by  "-he  S.  bounds  of  the  traft  form- 
erly called  Skeenfboiough,  and  north- 
erly'by  the  north  bounds  of  the  county. 
In  1790,  it  contained  805  inhabitants. 
In  1796,  150  ef  the  inhabitants  were 
ele£lors. 

White  Marsh,  a  townfhip  of  Penn- 
fylvania, Montgomery  eo. 

White  Mo«»/aM/.  SeeNew-HamP' 
/hire. 

Whitefai  NE,  a  tovtmfhip  of  Penn- 
fylvania, Montgomery  co. 

White  Plains,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  Weft-Chcfter  co.  bounded  eafter- 
ly by  Mamaroneck  river,  and  wefterly 
by'  Bronx  river.  It  contains  505  in- 
habitantSk  of  whom  76  are  electors,  and 

,49flaves» 


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• 

49  flavet.  It  U  remarkable  for  a  battle 
flight  here  between  rlic  American  and 
Britiih  forces,  on  the  aSth  of  OAobcr, 
1776.  It  is  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Kinelbridge,  )o  N.  E.  by  N.  of  New- 
Yorfci  and  iz<  from  Pltiladelphia. 

White  PmmU  on  the  coaft  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  is  about  3  leagues  to  iht  Ibutb- 
weft  fram  Cape  Canru,  and  north. eaii 
of  Green  Point.  There  is  an  tHand  off 
ihe  point  that  (belters  Bar  Haven. 

WHiTit  Ptiut,  on  the  cuait  of  Cape 
^reton  Ifland,  is  about  a  mile  S.  W.  of 
Black  Cane,  near  the  harbour  of  Louii- 
burg,  and  the  eaft  point  of  Gabarus 
Bay. 

WHITE  Poittt,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamai- 
ca,  lies  eaftward  of  White  Horfe  Cliffs, 
about  7  leagues  E.  of  Port  Royal. 

Whitp/s  Bay,,  on  the  coaft  or  New- 
foundland. M.  lar.  so.  17.  W.  Jong. 
56.  15. 

White's  River,  on  the  N.  E.  coaft 
of  Jamaica,  is  near  the  weft  limit  of 
Port  Antonio. 

Wkitestown,  in  Herkemer  co. 
New- York,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  Mo- 
hawk river,  4  miles  weft  of  Old  Fort 
Schuyler,  and  100  weft  of  Albany. 
The  compact  part  of  this  new  and 
flourifliing  town  lies  on  one  beautiful 
ftreet  about  a  mile  in  length,  ornament- 
ed with  trees.  The  houfes  are  gener- 
ally fumithed  with  water,  conduced 
by  pipes  laid  under  ground,  from  the 
neighbouring  hills.  At  prefenc  the 
court-houl'e,  meeting-houfe,  and  fchool- 
koul'e,  are  combined  in  one  building } 
but  it  is  contemplated  fliortly  to  ere& 
feparate  and  handfoirx  edifices  for  thefe 
feveral  purpofes.  The  foil  of  this  town 
is  remarkably  good.  Nitie  acres  of 
wheat  in  one  Held,  yielded,  on  an  aver- 
age, 41  hufhels  of  wheat,  of  6olb.each, 
an  acre.  This  is  no  uncommon  crop. 
This  town  and  its  neighbourhood  has 
been  fettled  with  remarkable  rapidity. 
All  that  diftri6l  comprehended  between 
the  Oneida  Refervation,  and  the  Ger- 
man Flats,  and  which  is  now  divided 
into  the  townftiips  of  Whiteftown,  Pa- 
ris, and  Weftmoreland,  was  known,  a 
few  years  lince,  by  the  name  of  Wbitef- 
totvft,  and  no  longer  ago  than  17  21 5, 
contained  two  families  only,  thofe  of 
Hugh  White,  and  Mofes  Foot,  ef(}uires. 
In  1796,  there  were  within  the  fame 
limits,  5  parifhes,  with  as  many  fettled 
ipinUlfrS)  3  full  regiments  pf  iriilitia,  i 


W  I  L  J97 

corps  of  light-horfe,  all  !n  uniform. 
In  the  whole,  7339  inhabltmts,  of 
whom  1 190  were  qualified  eleflors. 

Whitb  H^Md  Ifland,  or  Dt  BoU 
Btanc.    See  NUchUtmnkhituik. 

Whiting,  a  townftiip  of  Vermont, 
in  Addifon  co.  feparated  irom  Leicefter, 
on  the  F/.  by  Otter  Creek,  and  has  part 
of  Orwell  on  the  W.  It  contains  %io 
inhabitants. 

WHiTTiNGHAM,a  townfbip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  the  Ibuth-weft  corner  of  Wind-  ^ 
ham  CO.  containing  441  inhabitants. 

Whitsvn  IJland,  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  is  about  4  miles  iong,  and 
3  broad ;  and  fo  furrounded  by  breakers 
that  a  boat  cannot  land.  S.  lat.  19. 
16.  W.  long.  137.  56.  Variation  of 
the  needle  in  1767,  6*>  E. 

Wiandots,  c  ■  V/yandots,  an  Indian 
tribe  inhabiting  near  Foit  St.  Jofeph, 
and  DeUoit  in  the  N.  W.  Territory. 
Warriors,  aoo. 

WiAPoco,  or  Little  Wia,  is  an  out- 
let or  arm  of  the  river  Oroonoko,  on  the 
weft  fide.  It  has  many  branches, 
which  are  all  navigable. 

WxcKFORD,  a  fmall  trading  village 
in  the  townfhip  of  North~Kingftown» 
Rhode-Ifland,  and  on  the  weft  fide  of 
Narraganfet  Bay  j  24  miles  fbuth  of 
Provi&nce,  and  9  or  iq  N.  W.  of  New- 
port. 

WiESPiNCAN,  a  river  of  ^ouifiana* 
which  empties  iuto  the  Miflifippi,  t% 
miles  above  the  Soutoux  village. 

Wicomico,  fmall  river  of  Mary- 
land, which  rif'es  in  Suffex  county,  Dt- 
laware,  and  empties  into  Fifliing  Bay, 
on  the  eaft  ftiore  of  Chefapeak  Bay. 

WioHcOMico,  a  fbort  navigable 
river  of  Maryland,  which  is  formed  by 
Piles,  and  Allen's  Frefh,  and,  running, 
foi^thward,  empties  into  the  Patowmac» 
about  35  miles  from  its  mouth.  Cob. 
Neck  forms  the  north  limits  of  its 
mouth. 

Wight,  JJle  of.  See  JJte  of  fTigbt 
CoHttty. 

Wight,  J^e  of;  eaft  end  of  Long- 
Ifland.    See  Gardner^s  IJland. 

WiLBRAHAM,  a  to\A  nfhip  of  MafTa- 
chu(etts,  in  Humpfhirc  co.  lu  miles 
eatt  of  Springfield,  30  north  call  of 
Haitfora  in  Connefticut,  and  S9  1  uth- 
wefl  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1703  J  contains  two  parifhes,  and  1^55 
inhabitants. 

Wilkes,  ^  covnty  9f  the  Upper  dlf- 


Pp3 


Uia 


59« 


W  IL 


wi  u 


tria  of  Ocwgia,  (epirat«d  from  Sooth-  t  Cook*i  river,  it  In  U^  59.  M.  and  loof  ^ 
OMnolina,  on  the  ttftwanl,  by  Savin, 
nah  river,  md  contalna  31,300  inHiabU 
tantSi  bcludbg  7,t6l  flavci.  Tobac- 
co is  the  chief  produce  of  this  county, 
of  which  it  exported  abqat  3000  hhdi. 
in  17II.  It  ia  well  watered,  and  ia  fa- 
moua  fora  medicinal  Tpring,  near  its  chief 
town,  Waiiti^oui  which  fee. 

Wilkes,  a  county  of  Morgan  dif- 
trift,  in  the  north-weft  comtrol  North- 
Carolina.  It  contains  1,143  inhabi- 
tants, including  549  flawa. 

Wilkes,  a  poft-town,  and  chief  of 
the  above  county,  33  miles  from  Rock- 
Ibrd,  45  from  Morgantown,  and  611 
fiom  Philadelphia. 

WiLKftBAKKE,  or  fFilkJhirgi  a  poft- 
town  of  Pcnnfylvania,  and  chief  town  of 
Luicme  co.  ntuated  on  the  fouth-caft 
fide  of  the  eaft  branch  of  the  Sui'que- 
hannah.  It  contains  a  court- houle, 
gaol,  and  about  45  houfes.  7"  is  67 
aiilra  N.  B.  of  Bethlehem,  alout  the 
fiMoediftancc  above  Sunbury,  and  iiX 
N.  by  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

W|LL£T*s  Ba/t  at  the  north- weft 
and  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher's. 
Wilier  s  Gut  is  at  tlw  Ibuthwcft  ceaft 
ni  the  fame  iAand. 

William,  Fortt  (now  called  theC«/: 
tit)  was  creaed  on  Caiilc  lOand  in  Bol'- 
ton  harbour,  in  the  ic>gn  of  king  Wi|. 
Uam,  by  Col.  Roemer,  a  famous  engi- 
neer. When  the  Britiih  troops  evacu- 
ated Bofton,  in  March,  1776,  the  fortifi- 
cations  were  blown  up,  but  were  foon 
after  repaired.  The  buildings  are  the 
jjpvemor'k  houle,  a  magaaine,  gaol,  bar- 
racks, and  work-fhops.  On  this  ifland, 
which  contains  about  iS  acres  of  land, 
diftant  3  miles  from  the  town  of  Bofton, 
there  are  a  number  of  convijis,  who  are 
iimtenced  to  confinement  here  fur  differ- 
ent periods,  according  to  their  crimes, 
and  employed  in  the  manuta^ure  of 
nails  and  fhoes,  and  guarded  by  a  com- 
pany of  between  60  and  70  foldiers. 
The  tort,  whfch  commands  the  rptrance 
into  the  harlx>ur,  hat  fo  pieces  of  can- 
non mourned,  and  44  others  lie  dif- 
mouoted. 


15a.  IS. 

WiLLIAMSBOROVOH,   a  poft-tow^^ 

of  N.  Carolimst  and  capital  of  OranvUlai 
CO.  plcafanily  fttuatcd  on  a  cttek  whtch> 
falls  into  the  Roanoke.  It  carries  on  a 
briftc  tiade  with  the  back  couttics,  and 
contains  between  30  and  40  houfes,  a 
couit-honfe,  gaol,  sad  flouriftiing  aca- 
demy. It  is  17  miles  from  Warrcnton. 
48  north  eaft  of  HillflK>rough,  $6  weft* 
north  weft  of  Halifax,  and  407  from, 
Philadelphia.    . 

WiLLiAMSBVBo,  a  CO.  of  Virginia, 
between  York  aikl  James's  rivers,  and' 
was  joined  in  the  enumeration  of  inha- 
bitants,^ in  1790,  with  York  CO.  'Thcfe 
together  contain  51*33  inhabitants. 

WILLIAM8BVR0,  a  townOiip  of 
MafHichuletts,  Hampfliire  co.  on  the 
weft  fide  of  Connecticut  river,  having' 
Hatfield  on  the  E.  It  contains  a  hand- 
lome  Congregational  church,  159  houlcs, 
and  1 ,049  inhabitants.  In  the  year  1 760, 
this  townfhip  was  a  wildetnels.  It  liea 
7  miles  from  ConncAicut  river,  t  northr 
well  of  Northampton,  and  io<t  welt  of 
Bofton. 

WiLLiAMSBVRO,  a  poft-town  of 
New- York,  Ontario  co.  fituated  on  tho 
£.  fu\e  of  Genneflee  river,  near  where 
Canaferago  creek  empties  into  that  riv- 
er }  30  miles  fouth-weft  of  Canandai- 
gua,  40  north-weft  ot  Bath,  98  north- 
weft  of  Athens  or  Tioga  Pomt,  and  aSS 
;N.  wefterly  of  Philadelphia. 

WiLLiAMSBVKQ,  called  alfo  yoHeS' 
tvwn,  a  town  of  Pcnnfylvania,  Dauphine 
CO.  at  the  juitilion  of  Little  Swatara 
with  Swatara  river.  It  has  a  German 
iLutlieran  and  Calvinlft  church,  and 
about  40  dwelling  houfes.  It  is  23 
miles N.  £.  by  E.  of  Harrifb^g,  and  89 
north-weft  of  Philadelphia.— Alfo,  tho 
name  of  a  townfhip  in  Luzerne  county. 

WiLLiAMSBVRG,  a  village  of  Mary- 
land in  Talbot  county,  5  miles  nortn- 
eaft  of  Etfton,  and  4  north  weft  of 
King's-Town. 

WiLLiAMSBUKG,apoft.town  of  Vir- 
ginia, lies  60  miles  eaftwanl  of  Rich- 
mond, fituated  between  two  creeks,  one 


Msipton  county,  Pennfylvania. 

William's  SouhJ^  Prigctf 'on  tlv 
north-weft  coaftof  North- Amtrica.  Its 
£.  point  is  in  lat.  60.  19.  N.  and  long. 
146.  53.  W.  and  Cape  Elizabeth  which 
is  Us  w«A  pokity  9imI  the  £.  point  of 


Williams,  a  townfliip  In  North- ,  failing  into  James,  the  other  into  York 


riVbT.  The  diftaiice  of  each  landing- 
place  is  about  a  mile  from  the  town, 
buring  the  i-egal  government  it  waa 
propoled  to  unite  tlielie  creek,  by  a  ca- 
nal pafTmg  through  the  centre  of  the 
tovKU)  but  the  removal  of  the  feat  of 

government 


IS' 

«oo 

tant 

kl 

«en 

vun 

abo 

■too 


fsYcninMnt  rcnf  Ierc4  it  no  loncer  an  db* 
et  of  iirpertance.  It  eontiint  ibout 
100  houftft  tnd  hn  about  1400  inhabi- 
tants. It  to  regularly  laid  out  in  poraU 
lei  ftreeti,  with  a  pleafant  fquare  m  the 
centra  of  about  ten  acfci,  through  which ' 
■run*  the  principal  ftreet  eaft  and  weft, 
about  a  mile  in  length,  and  more  than 
100  feet  wide  At  the  ends  of  this 
Arect  ncc  two  public  buildingt,  the  col- 
rkge,  and  capirol.  Xrfides  thele,  there 
ia  an  Epifeopal  church,  m  prifon,  acourt- 
lioufe,  a  magazine,  now  ocmipied  as  a^ 
market,  and  a  hol'pital  for  lunatics,  caU 
culated  to  accommodate  betwvrn  «o  and 
')o  patients,  in  li^paraf*  rooms  or  cell*. 
The  hoiife  is  neatly  kept,  and  the  pa- 
tients well  attended  (  hut  convalefcents 
have  not  fufficient  room  for  free  air  and 
exercife  without  making  their  efeape. 
Not  far  from  the  fquare  (Food  the  gnyer- 
nor**  houfe,  or  palace,  as  it  was  called. 
This  was  burnt  during  the  war,  while 
it  was  occupied  as  an  American  hol'pital. 
Tlte  hoiife  of  the  prefident  ot  the  col- 
lege, occupied  alio  as  an  hofpitid  by  the 
French  army,  ftiaredthe  fame  fate.  This 
has  iiiice  been  r<sbnilt  at  the  expenfe  ot 
the  French  grovrmmcnt.  In  the  capitol 
is  a  large  marl^le  ftatue,  of  Narbune 
Berkley,  Lord  Botetonrt,  a  man  diitin- 
guifhed  for  his  love  of  piety.,  literature, 
and  good  government,  and  formerly 
governor  of  Virginia.  It  was  ere^rd  at 
the  expenl'e  of  the  State,  fome  time  fince 
the  year  1771.  The  capitol  is  little  b.t- 
tecthan  in  ruins,  and  this  elegant  flatue 
is  expofed  to  the  nidenef*  of  negroes 
and  boys,  and  is  (hamefuUy  defaced. 
A  late  a6l  of  the  aflfcmbly  authorileii  the 
ipuliing  down  one  half  ot  this  building, 

to  defray  the  charge  of  keeping  the^  bounded  eaftward  by  Wafltington,  and 
other  half  in  repair.  The  college  of  Wil-r  weftward  by  Horthfield,  and  containa 


liam  and  Mary  fixed  her«,  was  funded 
in  the  time  of  kin^  William  and  qaeen 
Wary,  who  granted  to  it  so,ooo  acrts  of 
lanii,  and  a  penny  a  pound  <'i.ty  on  cer- 
tain tobaccos  exported  from  Virginia 
anil  Maryland,  which  had  been  levied  by 
tlie  ttatute  of  15  Car.  i.  The  aflembly 
alio  gave  it,  by  temporary  law*,  a  doty 
pn  liquors  irnpTtai,  and  fkins  and  furs 
exported.  ."'  •■  thcfc  refources  it  re 
ccivcd  upwW(';iot  3000I.  The  build- 
ings are  of  brick,  fufficient  for  an  jmlif- 
feient  accommodation  of  perhaps  lou 
itiidents.  By  its  charter  it  was  to  be 
under  the  goveininent  of  20  vifitors, 
iirho  w«rc  to  be  its  lfgt<fat<jr*»  and  to 


Wit  )90 

"have  a  prefident  and  fix  prafeiLrff  whp 
were  incorporated.  It  waa  Imwcd  ■ 
reprefentative  in  th«  general  aftmblt. 
Vmler  Mt  tharter,  aproftflbrihip  of  tm 
Greek  and  Latin  lasgnagaa.  a  profcflbr- 
fliin  of  mathematics  one  of  nrara!  pbt» 
lofophy,  and  two  of  dit init)t,  wait  «- 
tabliflied.  To  theic  wtra'annesMl,  kt 
a  fixth  DrofeflbrfhJB,  a  eonfidcn^lt.<l«> 
nation  tty  a  Mr.  Boyle  of  Englaadf  fbr 
the  inftruAion  of  the  Indianat  and  fbatar 
converfion  to  Chrifttanity.  Thia  wM 
called  the  profeflbrlhip  of  Brafflirtoif» 
from  an  eftat*  of  that  name  in  Cnglamtt 
purchalcd  with  the  monies  given.  A 
court  of  admiralty  fit*  here  whenever 
a  controverfy  kiifea.  It  ia  ia  milca  E. 
of  York  Town,  60  B.  of  Richmond,  4! 
N.  W.  of  Norfolk,  and  S3t  S.  8.  W.  oC 
Philadelphia. 

Leaft  heat  here»     6*  o' 
iMean  heat«  6e  t 

Created  heat,      9!  o 
N.  lat.  37.  16.  W.  k>ng.  76,  4t« 

WiLLfAMSPORT,  a  poft-town  of 
Maryland,  Walhlngton  co.  on  the  N* 
fide  of  Patowmack  river,  at  the  mouth 
of  Conegoclie:igue  Creek,  S  miles  S.  of 
the  Pennfylvania  line,  6  fouth-wtll  of 
Hagarftown,  37  N.  by  E.  ofWinchefta^ 
in  Virginia,  iS  fouth  by  weft  of  Cham- 
berfburg,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  1 55  W. 
byS.  cfPStladelphia. 

Williamson,  a  townAiip  of  New 
York,  Ontario  co.  In  1 706,  there  w«n 
141  of  its  inhabitants  eleaort. 

WIL^IAMSTowN,  a  townAiipofVer. 
mont.  Orange  co.  on  the  height  of  Jand 
between  Connefticut  liver  and  Lake 
Champlain,  about  4j  miles  fiom  the 
funner,  and  50  from  the  latter.    It  ia 


146  inbabi^anta.    Steph^ir*  Branch,  a. 
ftrenm  which  rpns  N.  to  Onion  river^ 
rife*  in  thif  tnwnlbip. 

WiiLiAMarowN,  a  mountainoua 
townihip  of  MaflhcHufetts,  in  the  north> 
weft  comer  of  the  State,  and  in  Berk« 
fbire  CO.  containing  1769  inhabitant*, 
ft  is  well  watered  by  Hoolack  and  Green 
rivers,  the  former  of  which  is  here  8 
rods  wide.  On  thefe  Orearfis  are  4 
griltvmills,  %  faw-nlillii,  and  a  fulling- 
mill.  The  main  county  rqad  paflea 
through  it.  Colonel  Ephraim  WillianM 
laid  tlie  foundation  of  an  academy  fe« 
veral  years  fince,  and  endowed  it  by  a 
handfomc  donation  of  had*.    In  1 790, 

Pp  *  P»tty 


6oo  vrih 

>  '         < 

uartly  by  lottery,  and  partly  hy  the  li- 
beral 'j^ation  of  gentlemen  in  the  towni 
ft  bi'iok  edifice  was  ercAed,  it  feet  by 
42,  and  four  (lories  high,  containing  94 
i-ooms  for  Aud^nts,  a  large  fchool-i-oonit 
a  dining-hall,  and  a  rootn  for  public 
fpeakin^.  In  ij^i,  this  e^aiieiny  was 
ereflcd  into  a  culle^^e,  by  an  a£l  of  the 
legidature,  by  the  name  of  fTiJIiams' 
College,  in  honour  to  its  liberal  foun> 
ftcr.  The  lareuages  and  fciences  uPual- 
iy  taught  in  the  Amc^'ican  collceies  are 
taught  he|-e.  Board,  tuition,  and  other 
expenfes  of  education  are  very  low ;  and 
from  its  fltuation  and  other  circum- 
ftances,  it  is  likely,  in  a  flior 'time,  to  be- 
come an  in(litution  of  great  utility  and 
importance.  The  hr(l  public  commenre- 
inent  was  held  at  this  college  in  Sep- 
tember, 1795.  In  1796)  the  legiflature 
granted  z  townfhips  ot'land  to  Williams'' 
College.  Therewere,  in  1796, 101  ftu- 
dents  in  the  tbm*  dafles  in  this  college, 
b'efides  30  pupils  in  the  academy  con- 
■ne6lc^  with  the  college.  A  company 
was  incjrporated  the  year  shove  men- 
tioned, to  bring  water  in  pipes  into 
the  town  ftreet.  |t  is  a8  n,iles  north  of 
Lenox,  and  150  north- wefterlypfBofton. 

Williams'- OWN,  a  pod-town  and 
the  capita!  of  Martin  co.  N.  Caiolina, 
is'fituated  on  Roanoke  riyrer^  and  con- 
tains  but  few  houfes,  befides  the  court- 
houle  and  gaol.  It  is  25  miles  from 
Blountrville,>4 from  Plymouth,  55  from 
Halifax,  t.A(\  444  from  Philadelphia. 

WiLLiMANTic,  a  fmail  river  of 
Connc£licut,  which  runs  a  fouth-eaft 
courfe,  and  uniting  with  Uatcluug  riv- 
er, forms  the  Shetucket  at  Windham. 

WiLLiNBOROUGH,  a  townlhip  of 
]^ev  -Jerfey,  fituated  in  Burlington  co. 
on  Delaware  river,  about  14  miles  from 
Philadelphia.  It  has  generally  a  thin 
'Toil,  but  coniiderable  quantities  of  fiiiits 
and  vegetablt's  are  ra'u'cd  hr^  for  the 
Philadelphia  market. 

WiLLiNpTON,  a  townlhip  of  Ccn- 
nef^icut,  in  Tolland  co.  6  miles  eall  of 
Tolland,  anc'  35  north-cafterly  of  Hart- 
ford, and  wus  fettleil  in  1719.  The 
lands  arc  rcigh  :;»nd  hilly.  The  earth- 
quake on  fabbath  evening,  Oci.  29, 
1727,  was  (everely  ie!t  in  this  town. 

Willis,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Willis  d-cck.  In  Maryland,  falls 
into  tlie  Patowmack  from  tUc  north  at 
F9it  Cumberland,    , 


WIL 

Willis  (/lanJ,  in  the  S.  Atlantic 
Ocean,  is  near  the  north-weft  end  of 
South  Georgia,  and  has  Bird  Iflanti 
to  the  north  of  it.  $.  lat.  54.  W.  long. 
38.  30. 

WiLLiSTOti,  a  townfliip  of  Vermpnti^ 
in  Chittenden  co.  joii.s  Burlington  00 
the  north-weft.  It  contaii;>s  471  inha- 
bitants. 

^ViLVOUOHBY  Bay,  near  the  fputh- 
ii-u  part  of  the  ifland  of  Antigun,  in 
the  Wcft.In^iies.  It  is  well  fortified. 
Bridgetown  lies  on  its  north-caftein  fide* 
in  G: .  Philips'  pnrifli,  and  is  defended 
by  Fort  William. 

WiLhovcH-av  Lake,  in  Vermont,  iii 
the  townfliip  of  Wtftmoie.  It  is  about 
6  miles  long  and  one  broad,  and  fends  « 
ftream  which  runs  northward  and  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Memphremagog,  in  the 
townOiip  of  Salem.  This  lake  furnillies 
fifli  relembling  bafs,  of  an  excellent 
flavour,  weighing  from  ten  to  thirty 
pounds.  Pepple  travel  twenty  miles  tq 
this  lake  to  procure  a  yvinter's  ftock  of 
this  fifti. 

Wi  LLSBQROUOH,  a  iiew  fettled  town^ 
fiiip  in  Clinton  co.  New  York ;  bounds 
ed  on  the  fouth  by  the  town  of  Crown« 
Point,  on  the  north  by  the  fcuth  line  o( 
a  patent,  which  includes  the  river  Ai^ 
Sable  at  its  mouth,  continuing  weftwan^ 
to  that  part  of  the  county  of  Montgo- 
mery, now  called  Herkemer  county.  It 
contained  375  inhabitants  in  i7vo*  IiX 
1796,  there  were  160  of  the  inhabitants, 
electors.  It  is  a  fine  champaign,  fer- 
tile country,  inhabited  by  a  number  of 
induftriour,  thriving  farmers.  Its  culti- 
vation has  been  rapidly  advancing.  Ii\ 
this  town  is  a  remarkable  Split  Rock* 
which  is  a  fmall  point  of  a  mountain 
projefling  about  50  yards  into  the  neigh>- 
bouring  lake.  This  disjointed  point  hasj, 
from  the  appearance  of  the  oppofite. 
fides,  and  tlieir  exa£l  fitnefs  for  eaclx 
other,  doubtlefs  been  rent  from  the  maii\ 
reck,  by  fome  violent  fliock  of  nature. 
It  is  removed  about  20  feet,  and  has  oOi 
its  point,  a  fuiface  of  nearly  half  an 
acre,  which  has  iufiiciency  of  foil,  and 
is  covered  with  wood.  The  height  of 
the  rock  pn  each  fide  of  the  fiflure  is 
about  1 2  feet.  The  river  Boquet  runs 
through  this  town  a  confiderable  dif- 
tance,  and  is  navigable  for  boats  2  miles, 
where  there  are  talis  and  mills.  This 
town  was  oartly  fettled  before  the  year 
X775*  It  comwand^  a  beautiful  view  of 

the 


t  end  of 
d  Ifland 
W-Jong. 


Wl  L 

.Hie  lake,  »nd  lit.  114  tnilei  north  of 
|Mew-\'orlc  city. 

VfLLs  Coi;^,  on  the  porth-eaft  fide 
of  the  ifthimisof  the  ifland  of  St.  Kitta, 
in  the  We(t-Iiidtes,  to  the  eaiiward 
ibutherly  iron)  North  Friar  and  Little 
Friar  Bays. 

Wills  Creek,  or  Caicu^ucn,  a  branch 
of  Putowmack  river,  is  30  or  40  yards 
yrkk  at  its  mouth,  where  Fort  Cumber- 
land ftood.  It  atfords  no  navigation  as 
Jet,  and  runs  a  (hort  courfe  foutlterly. 
t  is  a8i  miles  nortluweft  oi  Wiliiamf- 
burg,  1 7 1  from  Fredericksburg,  and  173 
£•  by  N.  of  Alexandria. 

Wills-Town,  an  Indian  village  on 
the  N.  E  bank  oi'  Mulkingym  river, 
45  miles  from  its  mouth,and  ii7roiith- 
iwefterly  from  fittlburg,  U/  the  Indian 
path  tiu'ough  thj:  Indian  town. 

WiLM  ANTON,  in  the  State  of  New- 
York,  ibnds  on  Wallkill,  between 
Newimrg  and  New-Brunfwick. 

Wilmington,  one  of  the  eaftern 
fnaritime  diltri6ls  of  North  Carolina ; 
bounded  north-eaft  byNewberndiftrift," 
foutheaft  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean ; 
fouth-weft  by  South  Carolina ;  and 
|)orth-welt  by  Fayetie.  It  com^irehends 
the  counties  of  Brunfwick,  New-Haiic> 
V«r,  Onflow,  Duplin,  and  Bladen.  It 
f:om  '  16,03$  inhabitanta;  of  whom 
10,050  are  flaves. 

Wilmington,  a  port  of  entry  and 
poft-town  of  N.  Carohna,  capital  of  the 
above  dii|ri6l,  is  fituated  on  thceaft  fide 
pf  the  eaftcrn  branch  of  Cape  Fear  or 
([Clarendon  river }  34.  miles  from  the  Tea, 
and  100  ibuthward  of  Newbem.  The 
fourfe  of  the  river,  as  it  paflfes  by  the 
(own,  !!£  nearly  from  nqith  to  fouth,and 
the  breadth  150  yards.  OppoHte  the 
town  are  two  itiands  extending  with  the 
courfe  of  the  river,  and  dividing  it  into 
three  channels:  they  aflff/rd  the  fineft 
rice  fields  in  N  Carolira.  The  town 
is  regularly  built,  and  contains  about 
a$o  houfes,  a  handfomc  £pifcopal 
church,  a  court-hoMfe,  and  gaol.  Hav- 
ing fufFcretl  much  by  two  fires,  one- 
fourth  of  the  town,  which  has  been  re- 
huilr,  is  of  brick.  Its  markets  are  well 
fupplied  with  fifh,  a^nd  all  manner  of 
provifions.  A  confiderable  trade  ia  car- 
ried on  to  the  Weft-India  Iflands  and  the 
£^djacci.:  States.  The  exports  for  one 
year,  ending  the  30th  of  Sept.  1 794, 
amounted  to  133,53  ^,  dollars.  Thole 
91'  all  the  other  pt^rt*  of  the  State, 


W  IL  «ot 

•mounted  onl^  to  177,598  dollars.  It 
is  90  miles  louth-eiiit  of  Fayetteville* 
I9»  foiith«fo(ith-we{l  of  Edehton,  19! 
north-ealt  of  Charlefton,  -S.  Caroling 
and  6po  fouth-ibuth-wift  of  Philadel- 
phia. N.  tat. -34.  II.  VV.long  78.  4  J. 

WtLMiNQTON,  a  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  Windham  co.  conraning  6+§ 
inhabitants,  who  are  chiefly  weulthy^ 
farmers.  It  lies  on  Deerfleld  river,  on 
the  call  fide  of  the  Green  Mountain,  011 
the  high-road  from  Bennington  to  Brat- 
tleboruugh,  abovt  so  mile*  trom  each. 
Confiderable  quantities  of  maple  fugar 
are  made  in  it }  fome  farmers  make 
1000  or  1400  pounds  a  feafon.  The 
Hay.flack,  in  the  north-welt  f:orner  of 
this  townfliip,  is  among  the  highell  of 
the  range  of  the  Green  Mountains.  It 
has  a  pond  near  the  top  of  it,  about  half 
a  mile  in  length,  round  which  deer  an4 
moofe  are  found. 

Wilmington,  a  townfliip  of  MaC 
fachufetts,  in  Middlefex  co.  16  milee 
from  Bolton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1730,  and  contains  710  inhabitants. 
Hops,  in  great  quantities,  are  railed  19 
this  town. 

Wilmington,  a  port  of  entry  and 
pofl-town  of  the  State  o^  Delaware,  and 
the  moft  confiderable  town  in  the  State, 
It  Hands  in  Newcaflle  co.  on  the  north 
fideof  ChrilHana  Creek,  between  Chrif- 
tiana  and  Brandywine  creeks,  which  at 
this  place  are  about  a  mile  tiillant 
from  each  other,  but  uniting  below  the 
town,  they  join  the  Delaware  in  one 
flfsam,  400  yards  wide  at  the  mouth. 
Tho  fcite  of  the  principal  part  of  the 
town  Is  on  the  Ibuth-weft  fide  of  a  hill, 
which  riles  109  feet  above  the  tide,  * 
miles  from  Delaware  river,  and  38  fouth- 
wefl  from  Philadelphia.  On  the  noith- 
e^lt  fide  of  the  fame  hill,  on  the  Bran- 
dywine, there  an  1 3  mills  for  grain,  and 
about  40  neat  dwclling-houfcs,  whicli 
form  a  beautiful  appeniiageto  the  town. 
The  Chriltiana  admits  veflisis  of  14  feet 
draught  of  water  to  the  town ;  and 
thofe  of  6  feet  draught,  8  miles  further, 
where  the  navigation  ends ;  and  the 
Brandywine  admits  thofe  of  7  feet 
draught  to  the  mills.  The  town  is  re- 
gularly laid  out  in  fquarcs  fimilar  to 
Philaclelphia,  and  contains  upwards  of 
600  houles,  moftly  of  brick,  and  3,000 
inhabitants.  It  has  6  places  of  public 
worlhip,  viz.  two  for  Prcfliy terian i,  one 
ibr    Swedifli   £pili:opaUaiis,    one   for 

Fricadi, 


«0» 


WIN 


Friend$i  tm  fsr  Baptifta»  and  one  far 
Mithailifta.  Here  are  two  market- 
boufMiuR  poor-houle,  which  (lands  on 
the  weflT  ml^  of  the  town«  and  it  tic 
ftct  by  4.61  (wilt  of  floae>  and  3  ftories 
]irgh»  ^or  the  reception  oi  the  paupers 
of  Newcaltie  eo.  There  is  another 
Acne  building  which  was  iif«d  as  an 
acadensvj  iind  was  Aipportcd  for  feme 
time  with  confickrable  reputation^  but 
by  a  defeft  in  the  conftituUon  of  the 
icminary,  or  Ihme  other  catii'e,  it  has, 
«f  late*  been  entiiely  negleiled  as  a  place 
(bf  tuition.  There  are*  however,  near- 
ly 300  children  in  the  different  fchools 
an  town.  About  the  vcar  1 7  ]<,  the  firft 
houfies  were  built  at  this  place}  and  the 
town  was  incorporated  a  few  years  afttT<- 
wards.  Its  officers  arc  two  burgeflrs, 
4  afliftants,  and  two  conAablrs,  all  of 
whom  are  annually  chofen.  For  other 
particulars,  ler  Dtbttuart,  N.  lat.  39. 
43,  18.  W.Iong.  75«  31. 

WilMOT,  a  townfhip  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia, Annapolis  co.  ietled  from  Ireland 
«nd  New-England. 

WiLSONViLLE,  a  town  of  Pennfyl 
vaiiia,  newiy  Iftid  out  on  the  Walenpa- 
peck,  at  its  jun£lion  with  the  Lexa- 
waclein.  lao  miles  north  of  Philadel- 
uhia.  Here  are  already  ere£ted  14. 
Boufes,  afaw  ami  grift  nnill,  and  a  large 
building  ii^  manufacturing  iail- cloth. 
Tbe  cretk,  here  falls  upwards  of  300 
fe^t,  fome  fay  500,  in  the  fpace  of  a 
B)ii«)  tor  17  miles  above  the  fails  the 
creek  has  a  gentle  current. 

Wilton,  a  village  of  Charleflon 
difirid,  S.  Carolina }  fituated  on  the  £. 
fide  of  Edilto  river,  17  miles  (buth- well 
of  Charletton. 

Wilton,  atownfhipofNew-Hamp 
fliire,  HilKborough  co.  S.  V«'.  of  Am- 
bcrd,  adjoining,  about  70  mile&  wiOtr- 
)y  of  Porttmouth.    It  was  incui  porated 
in  1762,  and  contains  1 105  inhaoirsnts. 

WiMACOMACK,  a  village  of  New- 
York,  in  Suffolk  CO.  Long-Ifland }  6 
miles  wrft  by  Ibuth  of  Smiihtown,  and 
north- eft  of  Huntingdon,  and  44  eall 
.by. north  of  New- York  city. 

WiNCHELSEA,  an  ifland  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean  which  npptars  like  three 
iilands.  It  is  about  30  miles  S.  by  £. 
qf  Sir  Charles  Hardy's  Jflund. 

WiNCHENDON,  a  poft-town  of  Maf- 
fachuietts,  in  V/orce(ter  co.  7  milts  N 
of  Gardner,  35  north-wefterly  of  Wor- 
<eflci,  60  notih-w^  by  welt  of  Bofion, 


WIN 

and  370  nerth-eaft  of  PhlladelnlifAb 
This  townfhip  was  forn^trly  callea  Iff- 
noicb' Canada,  until  it  was  incorporttcd 
in  ijC^.  It  is  on  Miller's  river,  and 
contains  950  inhabitants.  This  place 
was  vifited  by  a  dreadful  tornado,  on 
the  ailf  of  0£lo1)er,  87951  which  did 
confiderable  damage. 

WiN-cNtSTBR,  a  townfhip  of  Con- 
neAicut,  in  Litchfield  co.  about  is  or 
1 5  miles  north  pf  Litchfield. 

WiNCHESTSU,  a  townlhipof  New- 
Hamplhire,  inChcfhire  co.  call  of  Hinfl 
dale  and  Fort  Dummer,  adjoining.  It 
is  no  miles  from  Portlnnouth,  and  con- 
tains  i«09  inhabitants. 

WiNCHEStER,  the  chief  town  ol 
Clarke  county,  Kentucky. 

WiNCHESTER,  or  Fftdtrukttwiit  a 
poft-town  of  Virginia,  and  the  capital 
of  Frederick  co.  It  is  fituated  near 
the  head  of  Opeckon  Creek,  which 
empties  into  Patowmack  tivti'i  about 
3*  miles  from  the  celebrated  pall&ge  of 
the  Patowmack  through  the  Blue  Ridge^ 
It  is  a  handibmefkninflilMg  town,  land- 
ing upon  luw  and  broken  ground,  and 
has  a  number  of  refpe<^lnb)e  Iniildingsi 
among  which  are  a  court  houfc,  gaol,  a 
Prtibyterian,  an£piico}>alinn,  a  Metho- 
diff,and  a  new  Roman  Catholic  church. 
The  (Iwelling-houfes  are  about  350  ia 
number,  fcveral  of  which  are  built  of 
tlone.  It  is  a  corporation,  and  contains 
nearly  2,oqo  inhabitants.  It  was  for.* 
merly  f  rtified }  but  the  works  are  now 
in  ruins.  It  is  50  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Romney,  100  N.  £.  by  N.  of  Staunton, 
1 10  welf-norihwelf  of  Alexandria,  180 
north-wttf  of  Richmond,  and  19s  frona 
Philaiielphia.  N.  lat.  3^.  17.  30.  W. 
long.  78.  39. 

WiND  Gap,  a  pafs  in  the  Blue  Motin- 
tainsin  Pennly.vania;  about  9  miles  S. 
\V.  of  Pcnn's  Fort.  Although  100  feet 
higher  than  the  prefent  lied  of  the  De- 
laware, it  is  thought  to  have  been  f  r- 
meriy  part  of  the  bed  of  that  river.  The 
Wind  'ivap  is  a  mile  broad,  and  the 
(fones  c:i  it  inch  as  ftem  to  have  beea 
wafhed  for  ages  by  water  running  over 
them. 

Windham,  a  county  In  the  fo^ith- 
eaft  corner  of  Vermont}  having  the 
State  of  Maflfachufetls  Imith,  and  Con- 
nt^^iciit  river  ea(f,  which  divides  it  from 
New  Hampfliire.  It  contains  si  town - 
Ihips,  and  i7;6<)3  inhabitants.  Chief 
cownsi  Newfane  and  Putney. 

•        Windham^ 


f«ft 

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State 


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WIN 

WfiiOHAMf  •  ^unty  In  the  north- 
f  aft  corner  of  CcinncAicut,  having  the 
$tate  of  Mafl'achiiffittt  north,  and  the 
State  of  Rhode-Iiland  ea(|>  It  contains 
13  towi^iips,and  18,9:^*  Inhabitants, 
including  184.  flayes.  Chief  town, 
Windham. 

Windham,  the  capital  of  the  above 
county,  and  a  poft-town,  is  fituated  on 
^hetuciiet  river,  i  a  miles  north  by  weft 
of  Norwich,  and^i  eaft  of  Hartford. 
|t  contains  oetwecn  60  and  70  compact 
houfesyacourt-hoiile,  gaoi,  an  academy, 
and  a  Congregational  church.  It  is  25  3 
miles  froni  Philadelphia.  The  river 
Willimantick  fruip  the  north-weft,  and 
Natchaug  from  tlie  north,  meet  in  the 
north-well  erly  part  of  the  townftiip,  and 
form  the  ^hetucket,  a  pleafant  river,  af- 
fording plenty  of  (Uh,  particularly  fal- 
nion,  at  fome  feafbns  ot  the  year.  The 
fownfliip  was  fettled  from  Norwich,  in 
16S6,  and  was  incorporated  in  170a. 

WlKDUAM,  a  townfliip  of  New- 
HampOiire,  Rockingham  co.  is  about 
•5  miles  Ibuth-weli  of  Exeter,  and  40 
from  Poitfmouth.  It  contains  663  in- 
habitants. 

Windham,  a  townfhipof  the  Dif- 
tri6l  of  Maine,  Cumberland  county  134 
miles  north  of  Bofton.     It  was  incor- 

E orated  in  i76z,iand  contains  938  in- 
abitants. 

Windsor,  a  townfhip  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  in  Hants  co.  near  the  river  St. 
Croix,  which  empties  into  the  Avon. 
The  rivers  Kenetcoot  and  Cocmiguen 
(fo  called  hy  the  Indians)  nin  through 
this  townfliip  and  empty  into  the  Avon. 
On  thefe  rivers  are  flouriftiing  little- 
ments  end  fertile  land.    Lime-ftone  and 

(daifter  of  Paris  are  found  here.  The 
ake  Potawock  (fo  called  by  the  Indians) 
lies  between  the  head,  of  St.  Margaret's 
Bay  and  the  main  road  from  Halifax  to 
Windlor ;  the  great  lake  of  Shubenac- 
cadie  lies  on  the  eaft  fide  of  this  road, 
,  about  7  miles  from  it,  and  11  from  Ha- 
lifax. 

Windsor,  a  coimty  of  Vermont, 
bounded  north  by  Orange,  ibuth  by 
Windham,  eaft  by  ConneAicut  river, 
and  weft  by  Rutland  and  part  of  Addi- 
fon  CO.  It  contains  ti  town'hips,  and 
15,748  inhabitants. 

Windsor,  a  poft-town  <^  Vermont, 
and  capital  of  tiie  above  co.  is  fituated 
on  the  weft  bank  of  Conneflicut  river, 
1 8  miles  north  by  weft  of  Charkfton, 


y 


VflS 


««t 


in  New  Hampfhire,  45  E.  by  S.  of  ]tttt» 
land,  80  miles  N.  E.  of  Benni«gtoB» 
and  »S5  from  Philadelphia.  The  town* 
ftiipcbntains  i4)a  inhabitants,  rhit. 
with  Rutland,  is  alternately  the  tem  <^ 
the  State  iegiflature. 

WiNDiOR,  a  hilly  townfb.ip  of  MaTw 
fachul'etts,  in  Berkmire  cj.  oo  m\^e^ 
north -north- weft  of  Leaox,  and  136 
weft  by  north  of  8ofto/i,  Tlie  countv 
road  to  Northampton  paflTeti  through 
it,  alfo  the  road  from  P^.itsiickl  to 
Deerfield.  It  gives  rife  to  Houlalonick 
I  and  Weftfield  river?,  on  which  are  fonr 
faw-mills  and  two  corn-mills.  It  waa 
incorporated  in  1771,  and  contains  916 
inhabitants.  In  the  gore,  adjoining 
Adams  and  Wiudibr,  are  4x5  inhabi- 
tants. 

Windsor,  a  confiderable  and  very 
pleafant  town  of  Hartford  co.  Connee* 
ticut,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Connecticut 
river,  about  7  miles  northerly  of  Hart- 
ford. Here  Windfor  Ferry  river,  form- 
ed by  the  junction  of  Farmington  and 
Poquabock  rivers,  empties  into  the 
Connecticut  from  the  weft.  Windliur 
Ferry  river  divides  tlie  townfhip  into 
the  upper  and  lower  parifties. 

Windsor,  Eaft.    See  Eaft  Windftir. 
Windsor,  a  townfhip  of  N«w-Jer. 
fey,  Middleitx    co.  containing  a,83l 
inhabitants,  including  190  flavea. 

Windsor,  a  towtifltip  of  Pcnnfyi- 
vania,  in  York  county. 

Windsor,  a  poft-town  and  the  ca*. 
pital  of  Bertie  CO.  N.  Carolina  ;  fituated 
on  Cuftiai  river,  and  contains,  befidea 
a  few  houles,  a  court-hnu/c  and  gaol. 
It  is  23  miles  weft  by  iuiith  of  Edenton, 
18  from  Plymouth,  97  from  Halifax, 
and  481  from  Piiilndtlphia. 

Windward  Pajfage,  a  name  given 
to  a  com  fc  from  the  S.  E.  part  of  th« 
illand  of  Jamaica,  in  the  Weft-Indies, 
and  exteniiingfor  160  leagues  to  the  N* 
fiUe  ot  Crooked  Ifland  in  the  Bahamas. 
Ships  have  often  failed  through  this 
channel  from  the  north  part  of  it  to  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  or  the  Gulf  of  Mexico* 
notwithUanding  the  common  opinic  . 
on  account  of  the  current,  which  i« 
againft  it  j  that  they  keep  the  Bahama 
fhoi-e  on  board,  and  that  they  meet  the 
wind  m  fummer  for  the  nioft  part  of  the 
channel  eafterly,  which,  with  a  counter 
current  on  fhore,  pufties  them  eafily 
through  it. 
Windward  Point ,  near  the  eaftcm 

extremity 


«H  WIN 

•xtiwnHy  of  the  Uland  of  St.  Chrifto- 

Jhcr*a,  it  the  caft  point  of  Sandy  Hill 
lay  i  about  «  miles  to  the  we(l-nortli< 
<weft  of  St.  Anthony*!  Hill  Point. 

WiNKB,  or  Blaci  Rwtrt  in  S.  Caro. 
itiia»  rilei  in  Camden  diftriA,  and  nin- 
vUnff  foQth-cafterJy  through  Chei-aws  in- 
to Ueorgetown  diftri£l,  unites  with  Pe- 
<dcc  riverj  about  3  mileti  above  <aeorge- 
town. 

WiNMALL,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
in  Bennington  co.  about  25  or  30  miles 
jN>  R.  of  ficnningtun.  Itcoiuains  155 
inhabitants. 

WiNNtPiSEOGEE,  a  take  in  Kew- 
Han>pfliire,  and  the  largeil  collvclion  of 
water  in  the  State.  It  is  ^t  miles  in 
kngth-frpm  S.  E.  toN.  W.  and  of  very 
tmeqiial  breadth,  but  no  where  more 
than  8  miles.  Some  very  long  necks 
of  land  projeA  in(o  it ;  and  it  contains 
ieveral  inlands,  large  nnd  iinall,  l.  i  on 
which  rattie-fnakes  are  common.  It 
abounds  with  fifh  from  6  to  to  pounds 
weight.  The  mountains  which  furround 
at,  give  rife  to  many  ftreanis  which  flow 
into  it ;  and  between  it  and  the  moun- 
tains, are  feveral  t^flcr  ponds,  which 
communicate  with  it.  Contiguous  to 
Ihit  bke  are  the  townfliips  of  Moulton- 
IwrouG^h  on  the  N.  W.  Tuftonborough 
and  Wolf  borough  onthe  N.  E.  Mere- 
dith and  Gilmantown  on  theS.  W.  and 
a  traA  of  laad,  called  the  Gore,  on  the 
S.  E.  From  the  8.  E.  extremity  of  this 
Jake>  called  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  to  the ' 
north-weft  part  called  Senter  Harbour, 
ihcrc  is  good  navigation  in  the  fummer, 
and  generally  a  good  road  in  the  winter) 
the  lake  is  frosen  about  3  months  in  the 
^ear,  and  many  (leighs  and  teams,  from 
the  circumjacent  towns,  crofs  it  on  the 
ice.  See  Jfutdotbton.  Winnipifeogee 
river  conveys  the  waters  of  the  lake  into 
Pemigewa^et  river,  through  its  eaftern 
bank  at  NewChdler, 

WiNLAND^  a  country  accidentally 
fiifcovered  by  Biron  or  Biorn,  a  Nor- 
man, in  looi )  fuppofed  to  be  a  part  of 
the  ifland  of  Newfbundlami.  It  was 
again  vilited,  and  an  intercourfe  opened 
tietween  it  and  Greenland.  In  izzi, 
Eric,  bifliop  of  Greenland,  went  to 
Winbnd  to  recover  and  convert  his 
countrymen,  who  had  degenerated  into 
favages.  This  prelate  never  return- 
ed to  Greenland  ;  nor  was  any  thing 
more  heard  of  Winlatul  foi*  iieveral  cen- 
turies* 


WIN 

WiHLOCK,  or  Wenhckt  1  townihip 
of  Vermont,  in  EflTex  countyf  wcR  of 
Minehead. 

WiNNBBAOO,  a  litkeof  thiN.  W. 
Territory )  weft  of  Michigan  Lake, 
and  routh-wcft  of  Bay  Paah,  intowhich 
it  lendii  its  waters.  It  is  about  15 
miles  long  fram  eaft  to  weft,  and  6 
wiile.  It  receives  a  large  ftream  from 
the  foiith-weft  a^WtA  Crocodile  river. 
Fqk  river  enters  it  from  the  weft,  and 
by  it,  through  Ouitconfmg  river,  hat 
communication  with  Miflifippi  river,  in- 
terrupted by  a  portage  of  only  s  miles. 
The  centre  of  the  lake  lies  in  lat.  about 
43.  30.  N.  nr.vl  long.  88.  10.  W.  See 
Ouif:on/ing  and  Fox  Rii>ers, 

WiNNEBAQOKS,  an  Indian  nation 
inhabiting  round  the  lake  of  the  fame 
name,  ^who  can  furnifli  a  or  300  war- 
riors. Their  town  ftands  on  an  illand 
at  the  £.  end  of  the  lake,  of  about  50 
acres  extent,  and  dillant  ft'om  Bay 
Puan  35  miles,  according  to  the  courie 
of  the  river.  The  town  contains  about 
50  houCcs,  which  are  ftrongly  built  witl» 
pallifades.  The  land  adjacent  to  the 
lake  is  very  fertile,  abounding  fponta* 
neoufly  wit  ,1  grapes,  plums,  and  other 
frutt.  The  people  raife  a  great  quan«. 
tity  of  Indian  corn,  beans,  pumpkims, 
Iquaflies,  melons,  and  tobacco.  Th« 
lake  abounds  with  fifli,  and  in  the  au- 
tumn or  fall,  with  geele,  ducks,  and 
teal }  and  are  very  fat  and  well  flavoreil 
by  feeding  on  wild  rice,  which  grows 
plentifully  in  thefe  parts.  Mr.  Carver 
thinks  fron.  the  relult  of  his  inquiries 
of  the  origin,  Unguage,  and  cuftoms  of 
this  peop£,  thf  t  they  originallv  refided 
in  fome  of  the  provinces  C(  Mexico, 
and  migrated  tu  this  country  ab>)ut  a 
centui7  ago.  Their  language  is  differ- 
ent from  any  other  yet  dilcovered }  and 
they  converfe  with  other  nations  ir,  the 
Chippeway  tongue. 

WiiiNiPEG,  or  Wmntpetk,  a  lake  in 
Upper  Canada,  north-weft  of  Lake  Su- 
perior. It  lies  between  50.  30.  and  54, 
3s.  N.  lat.  and  between  95.  jo,and  99. 
30.  W.  long.  It  is  II 7  miles  long,  in- 
cluding Ba/kelcoggan  or  Play.Green 
Lake,  its  northern  arm;  and  is  ic» 
miles  broad  from  the  Canadian  Houfe 
on  the  E.  fide  to  Sable  river  on  the  weft 
fide.  It  receives  the  waters  of  a  num- 
ber of  fmall  lakes  in  every  direflion, 
and  exhibits  a  number  of  fmall  ifles« 
The  lands  en  its  banks  are  laid,  by  Car^ 


VW1 

tile, 

rice^i 

The 


wef 

«ati4 

whiJ 

WiJ 

Iti( 

DaJ 

«n  tl 

this! 

46. 


i. 


w. 

Lnkc» 
which 

ind  6 
from 
iver. 
and 
Jiai 
r«in- 
nilet, 
bout 
See 


WIN 

ttr  aftd  othiir  travellers,  to  be  ♦cry  ftr- 
tile»  prodivcing  vaft  quantities  of  wild 
rice«  and  the  lugar-tree  in  great  plenty. 
The  climate  i»  confrderably  more  tem- 
perate here  than  it  is  upon  the  Atlantic 
coaft,  to"  faither  fouthwardi» 

WiNNii'EG,  Little,  a  lake  which  lies 
weft  of  the  formei'i  and  has  communi- 
catioR'  with  Lake  Mimtoba»  on  the  S. 
which  laft  lends  the  waters  of  botii  into 
Winnipeg  Lake,  in  an  E<  U.  E.courfe. 
It  is  So  miles  long  and  1 5  broad*  Fort 
Dauphin  i»  featedon  a  Jake  contiguous, 
on  the  weft,  whofe  waters  empty  into 
this  lake.  Dauphin  Fort  lies  in  lat.  51. 
46.  N.  and  long.  too.  54.  \V« 

Winnipeg  River,  runs  north- weft 
into  the  lake  of  its  name.  It  is  the  out- 
let of  the  waters  of  a  vaft  chain  of  lakes; 
the  chief  of  which  are  La  Plue  and  Lake 
of  the  Woods.  The  lat.  of  the  Provi- 
iion  Store,  at  the  bottom  of  tlu;  river,  i» 

50.  33.  12.  N. 

WiNNSBOROUG»,  a  pofttown,  and 
the  cajiital  of  Fairfield  co.  S.  Carolina; 
fituated  on  a  branch  •f  Wateree  Creek, 
which  emptiea  into  the  river  of  that 
name.  Hcire  are  about  15  houfes,  a 
liandlbme  coi«rt-houfe,  a  gaol,  and  a 
college  caUed  Mount  Zion  college, 
which  is  iiippotted  by  a  refpe^able  fo- 
ciety  of  gentlemen,  and  has  been  long 
incorporated.  The  inftitution  flon- 
riHies,  and  bids  fair  for  ulefulnefs.  It 
is  30  miles  noith- north-weft  of  Colum- 
bia, 1 30  from  Cbarlefton,  and  708  from 
Philadelphia. 

Win  SLOW,  a  poft-town  of  the  Dif- 
tfiSi  of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  iltuated  on 
Kennebeck  i.ver;  18  miles  north  of 
Harrington.  Fort  Halifax  was  built  at 
this  place  in  1 7  54,  on  the  point  of  land 
at  the  confluence  of  Sebafticook  and 
Kennebeck  rivers.  This  town  is  88 
tnilcs  N.  by  E.  of  Portland,  iii  in  a  like 
dire<$tion  from  Bofton,  and  559  from 
Philadelphia.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1771,  and  contained,  in  1790.,  779  in- 
habitants, and  in  1797,  abou':  1500. 

WiNTHRHAM,  a  place  in  /imelia  co. 
Virginia.  Black  lead  is  foimd  here; 
but  no  works  for  its  rrianufadure  are 
cftabliftied :  thoie  who  want  it  go  and 
procure  it  for  themfelves. 

WiNTHROP,  a  poft-town  of  the 
Diftri£l  of  Maine,  Lincoln  county,  be- 
tween Androfcoggin  and  Kennebeck 
rivers,  about  10  mile:  from  each;  5 
rjU«8  ciUt«rly  ef  Moiun«utb|  19  weft 


by  fouth  of  Hallowclf  now  HarringtoM 
court.houfe.  57  north  of  Portifltul,  1  ig 
from  Bofton,  and  fat  from  Philadel- 
phia. The  townfliip  in  which  it  ftand* 
was  ineorporatwl  in  tjjt,  and  ccKain* 
1x40  inhabitants. 

WiNTHKQP's  Baft  on  the  nortli 
coaft  of  the  illand  of  Antigua*  Maiden 
Iftand,  a  fmall  lAe  fouth-louth-weft  «f 
long  Ifland  is  due  eaft  of  the  li>uth*ealr 
point  of  this  Bay. 

WiNTON,  a  county  of  Orangeburg 
diftri6t,  S.  Carolina* 

Win  TON,  a  poft-town  of  North.Ca* 
rolina,  and  capital  of  Hartford  co.  oM 
the  S.  E.  fide  of  Chowan  river,  a  few 
miles  below  the  place  where  Meherriti 
and  Nottaw--'  join  their  waters.  It 
has  a  court- houi'e  and  gaol,  and  a  (<¥» 
compafl  houfes.  It  is  is  mile*  fniM 
Murfreeftioroughy  1 5  from  the  Bridge 
on  Bennet's  Creek,  1 30  S.  S.  E.  of  Pe- 
terftiurg,  in  Virginia,  and  434  front 
Philadelphia. 

Win  YAW  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  &. 
Carolina,  communicates  with  the  ocean 
I  a  miles  below  Georgetown.  See 
GforgetoivH,  and  P/dee  riifer. 

WiscASSET,  a  port  of  entry  and 
poft-town  of  t\it  Diftri£l  of  Maine, 
Lincoln  co.  on  the  weft  fide  of  Sheepf- 
cut  river,  10  miles  S.  E.  of  New-Mil- 
forJ  on  the  £./ide  of  Kennebeck  river* 
13  north-weft  of  Bath,  56  north-weft 
of  Portland,  178  N.  E.  by  N.  of  Bof- 
^5>n»  5^5  from  Philadelphia,  and  i5i{ 
from  Sunbury  in  Georgia.  It  is  a  pare 
of  the  townfhip  of  Pownalborough, 
and  is  very  flourifhing.  It  contains  a 
congregational  church,  ^.nd  about  tz» 
houfes.     Its  navigation   is  greater  ia 

Proportion  to  ics  lize  and  number  of  ia« 
abitants  than  any  p»rt  of  Maflachu- 
fetts.  A  gazette  is  publiftied  here,  and 
the  county  courts  are  held  in  it.  Wil- 
calfct  Point  is  3  leagues  from  Crofa 
river.  The  exports  for  one  year,  end- 
ing the  30th  of  Sept.  1794,  amounted 
to  2'?, 3*9  dollars. 

WiTCHARN  Bay,  is  within  the  great 
found  in  the  Bermudas  lilands,  in  tfac 
Weft-Indies ;  fituated  at  the  £.  part  of 
the  bottom  or  fbuth  part  of  the  Sound* 
having  tvyo  fmall  iOands  at  tlie  moutk 
of  it. 

WoAHOO,  onVof  the  Sandwich  Ides, 
in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  7  ieaguc* 
north -weft  of  Morotoi  lAand*  It  ia 
high  landi  «i>d  cQiuaini  60,000  iuhabi«i 

taaUi 


/^r 


■# 


m 


606  vr  00 

t«ntt  I  and  h«t  sood  anchoring  ground, 
Snlat.  as.4].  N.  andloni;.  157.  jf<W. 

WOAVANACHKY,  the  name  of  the 
BdawaK  nation,  in'^helr  lanituHM. 

WOBtfRN,  a  to^vnfltip  of  Mairiehu. 
ftttt,  in  MicMlefex  co.  10  nulei  north 
•f  Boftott.  It  was  incorporated  in  16^2 
l>y  the  name  9f  ff^tabomtt  and  wai  till 
then  known  by  the  name  of  CbarUf- 
IftiM  FiOage,  It  containa  ijzj  inhn 
bitanttt. 

WOLCOTT,  a  townlhip  of  Vermont, 
in  Orltiini  co*  fouth  of  Craftlbir-y,  con- 
taininsc  3s  inhabitants.  La  Moille  river 
runs  N.  weiVwaitl  throngh  it. 

Wolf,  a  fmall  boarable  river  of 
TemieflVe,  which  runs  wefterly  into 
Mifliltpni  river,  about  10  niiles  lotith 
«f  Hitrchy  river,  and  55  trom  Reelf'^jor. 
It  is  50  yards  wide  leveral  miles  from 
Its  mouth,  which  is  very  near  the  fouth> 
weft  corner  of  the  Stattj  in  lat.  35. 

WoLPBOROUCH,  atownftiipofNew 
Bampfhire,  Strafford  co.  on  the  E.  fide 
«f  Winnipifiogee  Lake,  and  contains 
447  inhabitants.  It  contains  fome  fine 
mrms,  and  particularly  that  which 
fermerly  belonged  to  Governor  Wt-nt- 
worth. 

Wolves  Ijlamis  lie  near  Campo 
Bella  IHand,  on  the  enffcrnmoft  couli: 
<tf  the  Diftii£l  of  Maintr.  Bttwetn  thefe 
the  ibundings  are  from  50  to  100  fa- 
thoms. N.  lat.  44.  48.  W.  long.  66. 
40.  From  Grand  Mannan  Klur.f  to 
Wolves  Illinds,  the  courie  is N.  £.  by 
M.  1  leagues. 

WoMBLDORP,  a  pofttownof  Penn- 
lyivania,  in  Beiks  co.  fitnatri  on  the 
weft  fide  of  a  imull  ftrenm  which  falls 
into  Tulpt-hocken  Creek.  I(  contains 
•bout  4.0  houle!!,  and  n  Gcrmnn  Lii 
theran  and  Caivinift  church.  It  i»  68 
miles  north-well  uf  Philadelphia. 

Wo  A  PO,  one  of  the  Ingrah^im  Iflamis, 
lefs  in  lize  than  Chiiftiana.  The  body 
of  it  lies  in  l»t.  9.  37.  S.  U  bears 
north-weft  by  wt-ft,  about  »o  leagues 
from  Rcrulutiou  B '-.  It  was  cjHcd' 
Aifamsf  by  Capt.  Ingraham;  and  a 
Imall  idanil  to  the  loutltward  of  it  he 
calleii  Lincoln,  (^4pr.  Kubeits  after- 
wards diicoveret)  thcin,  ami  named  tlicm 
Jinom  his  (hip  and  Icooner  \  the  larger 
y^erfoH,  and  the  lefler  Hefolution. 

WooDBRlDGE,  a  poft  town  of  Nt^w- 
Jferfey,  Middle(ex  co.  o;:  the  great  road 
Irom  New- York  to  Philadelphia,  on  a 
wUfcb  fall*  iuto  Arthur  Kuil, 


Woo 

above  Amboy.  It  is  about  )  iiiit«a  F^» 
by  weft  of  Amboy,  10  ftrath^wcfterly 
of  Eiixabetb'Towni  and  7«  N.  £.  of 
PniladelphiB.  The  townftiip  contains 
3,^i;o  innabitanta,  including  t^i  (laves. 

WooDBBiDCB,  a  townftiip  of  Con. 
neilicut,  New-HaVcn  co*  about  7  milei 
north.weft  of  New-Haven  city. 

WoODBtrRY,  a  townfttip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  Caledonia  co.  <  f  or  to  mika 
weft  north-weft  of  Barnet. 

WobDBVRY,  a  poi^.towr  of  New. 
.Teriey,  and  capital  of  Olouceftcr  co, 
Htuated  near  a  imall  ftream,  which  emp* 
tics  into  the  Delaware  below  Red  Bank. 
It  contains  about  80  haures,a  handibmc 
brick  court.houCe,  a  Quaker  meetinn;- 
houfe,  and  an  academy.  Several  of  the 
houfes  are  neat  and  hnndfome.  It  is  9 
miles  fouth  of  Philadelphia,  and  11 
noith-eaft  of  Swedeftiiug.  Alfo,  the 
name  of  a  townftiip  ot  Pennlylvania,  in 
Huntingdon  co. 

WoODB VR  T,  a  townfhip  of  Connec- 
licut,  in  Litchfield  co.  8  miles  fouth  t*f 
Litchfield.    It  wns  fettled  in  167s. 

Wood  Crttk,  afluggifti  ftream  which 
rifes  in  the  high  lamls,  a  little  eaft  of 
Fort  Edwant,  un  Hudlbn'v  river  |  and 
after  running  25  miles,  falls  into  the 
head  of  Lake  Champlain  at  Skenelbo. 
rough.  It  has  a  fall  at  its  mouth,  other- 
wile  it  is  navigable  for  batteaux  for  ao 
miles  ivp  to  Fort  Anne. 

Wood  Creek  runs  weftward,  and 
empties  into  Lake  Oneida.  See  Onridttt 
Onondago,  and  Mohawk  River. 

WooDPORD,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
on  Ohio  river,  between  Kentucky  and 
Lickiiig  rivers.  Chief  towif,  Vtrlailles. 

Woodford,  a  townftiip  of  Vermont, 
eaft  of  Bennington,  adjoining.  It  con- 
tains 60  inhabitants. 

Wood  JJIand,  on  the  fea-coaft  of 
tlie  Diftrijl  of  Maine,  5  leagues  north. 
eaft  of  Cape  Porpoili;,  and  fouth-weft 
by*  fouth  four  leagues  of  Richman*s 
Itlaiid. 

Woods,  Lake (ff  the,  the  moft  north, 
em  in  the  Unitcil  States,  is  ib  called 
from  the  large  quantities  of  wood  grow- 
ing on  its  banks }  fuch  as  oak,  pine,  ftr» 
(pruce,  &c.  This  lake  lies  nearly  eaft 
of  the  Ibuth  end  of  Winnipeg  Lake,  Knd 
is  fuppofed  to  be  i\\t  iburce  or  conduAor 
uf  one  branch  of  Bourbon  river.  Its 
length  fioin  eaft  to  wtft  is  iaid  to  ba 
about  70  miles ;  and  itt  fome  places  ic 
ia  40  aulca  wiiU*    Ocber  accounfa  (kv 


«inoe 
fiftifl 
nicat 
Boui 


Ill 


woo 

if  U  %i  league*  in  length.  The  Klllifv 
tinoe  liuliann  cncamo  on  hi  border*  to 
ftOi  and  hunt.  Thii  lake  ii  the  roinniU' 
nkation  between  the  lake*  Winuip^v. 
Bourbon,  and  Lake  Superior. 

Woodstock,  one  ot  the.  principal 
town*  oi' WitKlibr  o>.  Vermont.  It  hai 
m  couit-houiiB  and  about  50  dwdltng- 
houfee.  It  lies  noith-weft  ot  Wiodfor, 
adjoining,  and  contains  tt6o5  inhabi- 
tants. Wateixiuechtc  river  paflcs  through 
«he  centre  of  the  town*  on  the  banks  of 
which  (land  the  meeting  houfe  and 
ouurt-houre. 

Woodstock,  a  townfhip  of  New- 
York,  in  Uiiier  co.  hounded  eafterly  by 
Kingdon,  Hurley  and  Marbktov/n,  and 
wefterly  by  Delaware  river.  It  contains 
i,oas  inhabitants,  including  15  Aaves. 
In  1796,  according  ^o  the  State  cenfus, 
x6o  of  th:  inhabiunt»  were  qualified 
«lr6lurs. 

Woodstock,  a  fmall  town  of  N. 
Caiolina,  on  the  £.  Ade  of  Pampiico 
river. 
Woodstock,   a  confiderable  and 

fleal'ant  town(hi)>  of  good  land,  in  the 
I.  E.  corner  ot  Conne£)ucut,Windham 
CO.  divided  into  3  pariflies.  This  town- 
fliip,  which  is^7  miles  Iqiiare,  was  grant- 
ed oy  the  general  court  of  Mali'aehufetts, 
ytb  Nov.  i683„  and  was  fettled  by  §9 
femilies.  from  Roxbury  in  1688.    This 
town  remained  under  the  jurildiftion  of 
Mafliichufetts  till  about  the  year  1760, 
^ce  which  time  it  has  been  confidered 
as  belonging  to  Coniic6ticut.    It  is  66 
'  mile*  S.  W.  of  Bofton,  45  N.  E.  oi 
Hartford,  a*  S.  W.  of  Worcelter,  33 
K,  W.  of  Providence,  and  about  the 
,  feme  dillance  N.  of  Norwidi. 

Woodstock,  a  poft-town  of  Vir- 
ginia, liiat  of  juliice  and  capital  in  She- 
nandoah CO..  It  contains  between  60 
and  70  houies,  a  courc-houlc  and  gaol. 
The  inhabitant*  are  raoftly  Germans 
and  their  defcendants.  It  is  iz  miles 
kr^vn  Scra(hurg,  40  from  Rockingham, 
eourt-houfe,  and  tzz  from  PhiladeU 
^tia. 

Woodbtown,  apoft-town  of  Ncw- 
Xei'fey,  SaUm  co.  and  comtalus  about 
4jO  or  50  houies.  It  is  ix  miles  N. 
byE.  of  Sulem,  31  north  by  weft  of 
Bridgetown,  and  &6  S.  S.  W.  of  Phi- 
Igdelphia. 

WoouY  FmV)  one  of  the  limits  of 
Hope  Bay,  on  tlie  north  weft  coaft  of 
Nfltdb-^jnerica^  as  Breaker's  i>  the 


It  is  in  about  lat.  501 


N.  and' 


other. 

long;.  i«8.  weft. 

W  OOL  wiCH,  a  townlhip  of  aio«cc& 
ter  CO.  New-Jcriey. 

'yoQCWiCN,  » townfliip  of  Lineeli» 
CO.  Ldria  of  Maine,  on  the  E.  fide  of 
Kennehck  river^S.  of  Pownalborougkr 
contairffn^  ''97  inhabitantt. 

WooNsoKBT  PaUii  on  Blueftoiw 
river,  iii  Sm^thfiekl  townHiipt  Rhode- 
Ifland. 

Worcester,  a  Urge  and  populou* 
county  ol  Maflhchufetti.  It  containn  50 
townmips,  {3  Congregational  churches^ 
5 1 o,a 36'  acres  of  unimproved  land,  and 
107,430  under  cultivation,  and  56,807' 
inhabitants.     It  is  about  50  miles  in 
length,  from  north  to  foutli,  and  aboue 
40  in.  breadth  {  bounded  fou'.h  almoft 
equally  bv  the  States  of  Conncfticut  anct 
Rhode  la.nd,  and  north  by  the  State  of 
l^ew-Hampihiie.    On   the  eaft   it    i» 
bounded  chiefly  by  Middleliex  co.  anci 
weft  by  Hampfhire  co. 

Worcester,  apoft-town  ofMafla- 
chuletts,  and  capital  of  the  above  coun* 
ty.  It  is  the-largeft  kilanil  town  of  New. 
England,  and  is  fituated  about  ^5  milc» 
weft  of  Bofton,  5*  north  eaft  of  Spring- 
field, and  299  north-eaft  of  PhiladeU 
phia.     The  public    buildings   in  thiv 
town  are  two  Congregational  churches> 
a  court  houfe,  and  a  ftrong  Rone  gaoU 
The  inhabitants,  upwards  of  »,ooo  in 
number,  have  a  large  inland  trade,  and 
inaiuifaftiue  pot  and  pearl  a(h»  cotton 
and  linen  goods,  befidcs  fome  other  ar- 
ticles*   The  compa£l  part  of  the  towiv 
contains  about  150  neat  houfes,  fituated 
in  %  healthy  vale,  principally  on  en* 
fti-eet.  Printing,  in  its  various  branches, 
is,  carried  on  very  cxtenfively  in  thi» 
town,  by  Kaiah  Thomat,  Efq.  who  .n. 
tile  year  1791,  printed  two  edition*  o£ 
tlie  Bible,  the  one  ;hc  larg-e  royal  quar- 
to, the  iirft  ot  that  kind  publiOied  in 
America  j  the  other  a  large  folio,  witJv 
50  copper  pbtes,  belides  fe^'cral  other 
books  of  conlcqiience.  His  printing  ap» 
pamius  coiifills  of  10  printing-prelTes,, 
with  types'in  proportion;  and  he  is  nowr 
making  preparations  tor  the  printing  of 
Bibles  of  various  (mailer  kinds.    His 
printing    apparatus    is    reckoned    tha 
targeft  in  .\merica.  This  towndiip,  part 
of  what  ivas  called  SiuinJ^amond  by  tlie 
Indian j,    was    inccrporatcd   in    1684) 
but  bi.ing  depopulated  by  Indian  hot- 
tilities,.  thefiift  town •meeikiv  was  Itld: 

ill 


1 


i0t  Vrvii 

/ia  t7*t.   It  !$  propofed  to  open  a  canal 

/  iMtween  Proviuencc,  in  Rhode-Ifland, 

and  tliU  town.  N.la^.  4a.  S3.W.  long. 

7«.  44. 

WORCBSTin.  atownAip  of  Perin- 
^Ivahta,  in  Montgoitiery  bounty; 

Worcester,  the  routh-eafternmoft 
<rounty  of  Maryland,  haying  Soi.,eMet 
county  and  Chei'apeak  Bay  on  the  weft, 
iinepuxent  Bay  on  thecaft,  which  opens 
to  the  N.  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  A<  o- 
nac  CO.  in  Virginia, . '  the  fo>r**  ,  I,  <; 
well  wateif'l  hy  Po<!:«,j.  .«,!;*,  . < v- t.'.T'  , 
and  Sti  M  -••in'*  r-i*-  li  ortains 
11,640  inhabitants,  In:  ;ii,^u^.  '..S36 
flaves.     Chief  town,  Sno-.- i^U 

Worcester,   a  townlhtp  of  \  !• 
nont,  in  the  eafternmoft  part  of  Chit- 
tendon  CO.  about  25  miles  eaft  of  Bur- 
Eogton. 

WoRTHiHCTON,  a  Dofi-town  of 
Maflkchxiietts,  in  Hampfliire  co.  19 
miles  weft  by  north  of  Northampton,  45 
caft  by  fouth  of  New  Lebanon,  in  New- 
York  State,  lao  wcfterly  of  Bofton,  and 
389  from  Philadelphia.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  176S,  and  contains  Jii6  inha- 
jbitants. 

Wrentham,  the  Wollomonuppottge 
of  the  Indians,  a  confiderable  townfliip 
of  Norfolk  CO.  MalTachufetts,  on  the 
poft-road  from  Bofton  to  Providence,  27 
miles  fouth  fouth-weft  of  Bofton,  and 
18  north  eaft  of  Providence,  containing 
1,767  inhabitants  ;  formerly  a  part  of 
Pedham,  incorporated  in  1661.  There 
is  a  curious  cavern  in  this  town,  called 
Wampomi'sRock,  from  an  Indian  family 
of  that  .ime,  who  lived  in  it  for  a  num- 
ber of  y;ars.  It  is  about  9  feet  fqtiare, 
and  8  feet  high,  lefTening  from  the  cen- 
tre to  about  4  feet.  It  is  furrounded  by 
broken  rocks,  and  now  ferves  as  a  (bel- 
ter for  cattle  ana  fheep,  as  do  feveral 
others  here,  formerly  inhabited  ky  In- 
dians. ' 

Wrightsborough,  a  fmall  fettle- 
ment  or  village  on  Little  river,  a  branch 
of  the  Savannah,  about  30  miles  from 
Angufta.  It  was  fettled  by  Jofeph 
Mattock,  Efq.  one  of  the  Friends,  who 
named  it  after  Sir  James  Wright,  then 
governor  of  Georgia,  who  promoted  its 
cftablifhment. 

Wb  iGHTSTOWN,  in  Buck's  county, 
Pennfylvania,  4.  miles  north  of  New- 
town,  and  4  weft  of  Delaware  river. 

WuNALACHTiKOS,  a  tribe,  the  fe- 
cond  in  rank,  of  the  Delawaie  nation. 


^V'yACONDA,  a  river  of  Louifiaria^ 
which  falls  into  the  Miflifippi  34  miletf 
below  Riviere  du  Moins. 

Wyalusino,  a  townlhipof  Penn» 
fylvania,  Luzerne  County^ 

Wyaluxing  Creek,  in  Luieme  ^o^ 
Pennfylvania,  falls  into  the E.ft Branch 
of  Sulquehannah  riter  from  the  north- 
caftward,  and  north-weftward  of  Mef- 
hoppen  Creek,  which  is  33  miks  foutho 
cait  of  Tioga  Point* 

Wyp  jOa  Road,  in  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean ,  a  place  J  anchorage  at  Atooi 
Ifland,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands,  int 
lat  21.  57.  north,  and  long.  159.47. 
weftj  It  is  at  the  fouth-weft  fnle,  ancf 
about  6  miles  from  the  weft  end  of  the 
.Hand.  The  ifland  is  about  10  leagued 
long,  and  15  leagues  north-weft  of 
Woahoo  Ifland. 

Wyondotts,  or  fTiamiats,  an  In- 
dian nation  reflding  near  Fort  Detroit^ 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Ottawa* 
and  Putawatimestwhofeiiunting  grounda' 
are  about  Lake  Erie;  The  number  of- 
warriors,  40  years  ago,  were, Wyoildotts 
250,  Ottawas  400,  Putawatimes  150. 
Another  tribe  of  the  Wyondotts  live 
near  Sandufky,  among  the  Mohickons 
and  Caghnawagas,  who  together  have 
306  warriors.  At  the  treaty  of  Green-' 
ville,  in  confequence  of  lands  ceded  to 
the  United  States,  the  latter  agreed  trt 
pay  them  a  fum  in  hand,  and  in  gooda 
to  the  value  of  1000  dollars  a  year  for 
ever.  »• 

Wynton,  the  chief  town  of  Hert- 
ford county,  Edenton  diftrifl^  North-  . 
Carolina. 

Wyoming,  a  general  name  former- 
ly given  to  a  tra6t  af  country  in  Penn- 
fylvania, (ituated  on  Sufquehannah  river,  ' 
above  Wilkfbarre.  In  the  year  1778, 
the  fettlement  which  was  known  under 
this  name,  confifted  of  8  townfhips, 
each  containing  5  miles  fquare,  fettled 
from  Conne£licut,  and  originally  un- 
der its  jurifdi6lion,  and  produced  great 
quantities  of  grain  of  all  forts,  fruit, 
hemp,  flax,  &c.  inhabited  by  about: 
1000  families,  who  had  furniined  the 
continental  army  with  near  1000  fbldiersy 
befides  various  Aipplies  of  provifions, 
&c.  In  the  month  of  July,  all  thefe 
flourifliing  fettlements  were  reduced  by 
the  Indians  and  tories  to  a  ftate  of  defo-' 
lation  and  hoiror,  almoft  beyond  de- 
fcription.  See  IVeftmoreland.  In  the 
vicinity  of  Wyoming  is  a  b«d  oif  coai^ 


tfthe 
very 
ahc  t 

k. 


|i  34>nile« 

'  of  Pennw^ 

Jierne  fo^ 

■/^  Branch 

the  north. 

of  Mef. 

liks  foutho 

th  Pacific 
at  Atool 
lands,  int 

»59-47. 

fwle,  anrf 
|nd  of  the 
[o  league* 

-weft  of 


X  A  t 

tf  the  open  burning  kind,  which  gives  a 
Very  intenfe  heat.  Wyoming  FalU  lie 
abc  It  1  miles  above  Wilkeibarre,  and 
8{  ''es  above  Nantikoke  FalU.  N. 
h.     ,  I,  14..  W.  long.  75.  53. 

V'rcNOKE  Creek,  in  N.  Carolina, 
lies  within  or  about  lat.  3b.  30.  N.  The 
Kh  lev  of  Carolina,  in  1664,  extended 
th.  WounJw  aft  ward  as  .''ar  as  the  north 
r'  a  of  Currit»ick  Inlet,  upon  a  ftraigh*' 
line  weftefly  to  this -creek 

Wyth",  a  f  lUi.^y  oi  V^irginia,  faid 
to  be  ISO  miles  in  length,  and  nearly  50 
ifi  breadth ;  bouud'^d  north  by  Kanha- 
way,  and  fouth  by  the  State  of  North- 
Carolina.  Its  population  in  1790  was 
included  in  Montgomery  county.  There 
arc  lead  mires  in  this  county,  on  the 
Great  Kanhaway,  25  miles  from  the 
line  of  North -Carolina,  which  yield 
from  50  ttSolbs.  pure  lead  from  loolbs. 
waftied  ore,  but  moft  commonly  60  to 
100.  Two  of  them  are  worked  by  the 
public;  the  beftof  which  is  100  yards 
under  the  hill ;  and  although  there  are 
not  more  than  30  labourers  generally 
employed,  they  might  employ  50  or  60 
to  advantage.  The  labourers  cultivate 
their  own  corn.  Twenty,  95,  and 
fometimes  60  tons  of  lead  have  been  ex- 
tra£led  from  thefe  mines  in  a  year. 
Chief  town,  Evanfham.  The  court- 
houfe  is  on  the  poft-road  from  Rich- 
mond to  Danville,  in  Kentucky,  301 
miles  from  the  former,  and  323  from 
the  latter.  It  is  46  miles  from  Montgo- 
mery court-houfe,  57  from  Abingdon, 
and  454  from  Philadelphia.  A  poft- 
office  is  kept  here. 


X 


XAGUA,  harbour  on  the  S.  E. 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  and 
one  of  the  fineft  ports  in  the  Weft- 
Indies.  It  lies  between  the  Iftands  of 
Pines,  or  Pinez,  and  Spirlto  Santo. 

Xaintes,  Santos,  or  AH  Saints 
JJlandt,  lb  named  from  their  being  dii- 
covered  on  that  Holy  day,  by  the  Spa- 
niards, on  the  S.  £.  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
Gaudaloupe,  and  in  its  Jurifdi^tion. 
The  moft  wefterly  of  theie  three  ifles 
i«  called  Terre  de  Bas,  or  the  Low 
Ifland,  and  the  moft  eafterly  Tene  de 
Haut,  or  the  High  Ifland.  The  third, 
whi«h  lies  exa^ly  in.  the  rdiddle  be- 


y  A  D         609 

tween  tlie  other  two,  is  little  other  than 
a  barren  rock,  and  helps  to  form  a  very 
good  harbour. 

Xalisco,  a  province  of  NeW'SpaInt 
;nd  th>  moft  foutherly  on  the  coaft  of 
Guadalajara  audience.  It  is  bounded  S« 
and  W.  by  the  South  Sea }  eaft  by  Gua- 
dalaja  Proper,  and  Mtchoacan,  and 
diviued  from  Chiametlan,  on  the  N.  by 
I  narrow  flip  of  land  belonging  to  Giia-. 
dalajara,  extending  into  the  fea.  It  it 
not  above  150  miles  in  extent  either 
way.  It  has  filver  mines,  and  aboundf 
with  Indian  wheat,  but  has  few  cattle. 
The  oil  of  the  Infernal  Fig-tree,  as  the 
Spaniards  call  it,  is  brought  from  this 
province.  It  is  faid  to  be  efficacious  in 
diflblving  tumors,  expelling  of  wind* 
and  all  cold  humours,  by  anointing  tl 
belly,  and  taking  a  few  drops  of  it !.  -k^-. 
glals  of  wine,  as  alfo  by  clyfters.  H  it, 
alfo  faid  to  cure  ulcers  in  the  head^  id 
deafnefs.  The  Indians  are  nui^^-vou. 
here,  and  are  reckoned  braver  ai.  tbjrt 
polite  than  their  neighbouring  c^uau  ■■■ 
men.  The  Xalifco,  an  ancicr;t  nty,  is 
the  capital,  yet  the  moft  cot  <  'aI  '  j 
place  in  it  is  Compoftella, 

Xa^ayes,  Laguna  de  hi,  •  Ivrge 
lake  of  Paraguay,  in  S.  America,  form- 
ed by  the  river  Paraguay,  in  its  courfe 
from  north  to  fouth. 

Xerzs de  la  Frontera,  a  town  in  the 
fouthernmoft  part  of  ^Zacatecas,  9  pro- 
vince of  Guaaalajr.ra  audience,  in  New 
Spain,  in  N.  Ameiica.  It  is  ggrrifuned 
for  defending  the  mines  againft  the  hoi> 
tile  Indians. 


YAH  AQUE,  one  of  the  Lucayos  or 
Sahama  Iflands,  fituated  fouth- weft 
of  Meguana  Ifland.     N.  lat.  za.  30. 

Yadkin,  a  conflderable  river  of  N. 
Carolina,  which  rifcs  in  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  nmningE.  about  60  miles, 
then  turning  to  the  S.  S.  E.  pafles  the 
Narrows,  a  tew  miles  above  Rocky  river  { 
thence  directing  its  courfe  through 
Montgomery  and  Anfon  counties,  en- 
ters South  Carolina.  It  is  about  400 
yards  broad  where  it  paflJes  Saliibury, 
but  it  is  reduced  between  2  hills,  about 
as  miles  to  the  foiuhwaid  of  that  town, 
to  the  width  of  80  or  ico  feet.  For  9 
miles  it  is  narrow  and  rapid :,  but  the  moft 

Q^q  narrow 


:^--*'*^' 


6to 


Y  AO 


narrow  and  moft  rapid  part  U  not  above 
half  t  mile  in  length.  In  this  narrow 
part*  fliad  are  caught  in  the  fpring  of 
the  year,  by  hoop  nets,  in  the  eddiei, 
••  faft  as  the  ftrongeft  men  are  able  to 
throw  them  out.  Perhaps  there  is  not 
in  the  United  States  a  moi-e  eligible  fu 
tuation  for  a  large  manufaAuring  town, 
Boats  with  40  or  50  hogiheads  pafs  ea- 
fily  from  thefe  Rapids  to  Georgetown. 
The  hit  war,  by  which  Norths  Carolina 
was  greatly  oonvuli'ed,  put  a  flop  to 
leveral  iron-works.  At  prdent  there 
are  4  or  5  furnaoes'  in  the  Sttate  that  are 
in  b!a(t,  and  a  proportionable  number 
of  forges.  There  i^  one  in  Guilford  co. 
•ne  in  Surry,  and  one  in  Wilkes,  all  on 
the  Yadkin.  From  the  mouth  of  Rocky 
river  to  the  ocean,  the  flream  aflumes 
^c  name  of  Great  Ptd$e. 

Yakarchoca,  a  lake  of  Quito, 
within  the  limits  of  the  jurW'diflion  of 
San  Miguci  de  Ibarra.  It  Is  famous  for 
having  been  the  fepulchre  of  the  inhabi- 
tautsof  Otabalo,  when  taken  by  Hi>ftvna 
Capacr  the  itth  Inca}  who,  inllead  of 
rewarding  their  magnanimity  with  cle- 
mency, was  irritated  at  the  noble  relift- 
•nce  which  they  made  againft  his  army, 
ordered  them  all  to  be  beheaded,  and 
their  bodies  to  be  thrown  into  the  lake } 
hence  its  name,  which  figniftes  a  lake 
of  blood. 

Yago,  St.  or  St.  Jameti  an  ancient 
town  on  the  north  fide  of  St.  Domingo 
Jflai  d,  founded  before  1 504,  and  the 
country  round  is  reckoned  as  healthy  as 
any  in  the  ifland.  It  is  fituated  on  the 
high  road  from  La  Vega  to  Daxavon } 
20  league*  weft  by  north  of  the  former, 
and  a8  eafteriy  of  the  latter,  and  about 
xa  from  the  anchoring-place  of  St. 
Yague,  and  nearly  as  far  trom  Port  de 
Plate.  It  ftands  on  the  northern  fide  of 
the  river  Yaqui,  in  a  favannah  com- 
jiianain^  uk  river.  The  town  is  open, 
atfd  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
above  600  houfes.  It  is  5a  leagues  N. 
N.  W.'Of  St.  Domingo  city,  34  well  by 
north  of  the  bottom  ot  Samana  Bay,  and 
az  N.  W.  of  Cotuy.  The  territory 
of  St.  Yago,  or  Jago,  contains  28,000 
fouls,  and  is  very  fertile  in  mines.  The 
fand  of  Green  and  Yaqui  rivers  is  mix- 
ed with  gold.  Mercury  is  found  at  tiit- 
head  ot  the  latter  river,  and  copper  is 
alfo  tound  in  this  territory.  The  tree, 
guatapaiia,  which  retains  its  Indian 
uame,  is  found  h«rc«    It  bears  a  fort  of 


Y  A  R 

grain  or  pod,  from  which  is  extra£lcd  > 
very  fine  black  dye. 

Yacuache,  a  lirutenancy  of  Guaya* 
qtiil  juriidiilion,  in  South- America^  It 
lies  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the. 
fame  name,  which  empties  into  that  of 
Guayaquil  on  the  louth  fide,  and  has  its 
fource  trom  the  flcirts  of  the  Cordilleras, 
fouth  of  the  river  Bamba.  Within  its 
jurifdiAion  are  %  towns)  the  chief  of 
which  is  that  where  the  cuftom-houfe 
is  creAed,  <'tnd  called  San  Jacint  de 
Yaguache )  the  two  others  are  Naufa  and 
Antonche.  It  produces  wood,  cocoa, 
cattle,  and  cottcn. 

Yale  Col/tge.     Stt Ntnv  Haven. 

Yamacraw,  the  ancient  Indian 
name  of  the  fpot  where  Savannah,  in 
Georgia,  is  erc£ted.— 'Alfo  the  name  of 
a  tribe  of  tht  Creek  Indians. 

Ya^ub,  Port  St.  vulgarly  called  Old 
Forty  a  fmall  anchoring-place  on  the 
N.  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Demingo } 
fituated  between  Fadrcpin  on  the  weft, 
and  Macoris- Point  on  the  E. 

Ya^ui,  Grandt  or  Mmte  Cbrifl 
River,  a  river  of  the  north  part  of  th© 
ifland  ef  St.  Domingo,  which  nms  a  W.- 
N.  W.  courfe^  and  empties  into  the 
Bay  of  Monte  Chrift.  It  might  be  af- 
cended  in  eanoes  or  fmall  boats,  for  1 5 
leagues,  were  it  not  for  the  limbs  of 
trees  which  lodge  in^  it.  All  its  numer- 
ous branches  are  from  th^^  fouthward. 
See  Monte  Cbnfi. 

Yards  ley's  Ferry  ^  on  Delaware 
river,  is  3  miles>north-weflerIy  of  Tren- 
ton, in  New-Jerfey,  and  five  below 
M'Crankey's  Ferry. 

Yari,  a  town  in  Amazonia,  South- 
America,  at  the  head  of  a  branch  of 
Amazon  river,  fouth  wellerly  from  Ma« 
capa. 

Yarmouth,  a  poft-town  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  Bai^nftable  co.  on  the  neck  of 
the  peninlula  of  Cape-Cod,  5  miles  £. 
ot  Barnliable,  la  £.  by  S.  of  Sandwich*. 
1 10  louth -weft  ot  Hofton,  and  417  from 
Philadelphia.  The  harbour  is  c^efcribed. 
in  the  account  of  Barnftable ;  which  fee. 
The  townfliip  extends  from  fca  to  fe:..^ 
It  was  incorporated  in  1639,  and  con. 
tains  2,678  inhabitants. 

Yarmouth,  a  townfliip  of  Nova- 
hcutia,  in  Qiteen's  co.  fettled  by  New 
Englanders.  It  lies  at  the  head  of  » 
fliort  bay,  8  miles  fouth>eaft  of  Cape 
St.  Mary. 

YaRV<^i,  a  plain  4  leagues  N.  E« 

ofi 


upon 
tiens 
arch 
Y 
Ten 
whic 
its 
weft 
iluen 
the^ 


YOH 

tf  the  city  of  Quito,  and  i49'toireiIow- 
«r  than  it.  Near  it  is  a  village  of  the 
fame  name.  This  fpot  was  pitched 
upon  as  the  bafe  of  the  whole  opera- 
tions for  meafdring  the  length  of  an 
arch  of  the  meridian,  hy  Ulioa. 

Yazoo  Rivtf,  in  Georgia  Weftem 
Territory,  conlifts  of  3  large  branches 
which  run  a  fotithem  coiiru,  and  near 
its  mouth  thefeunite  and  purfue  a  fotith- 
weft  conrfe  a  few  miles,  and  the  con- 
fluent  A  ream  enters  the  eaftera  bank  of 
the  Mifliiippi,  by  a  mouth  upwards  of 
100  yards  wide  j  according  to  Mr. 
Gauld,  in  lat.  3s.  37.  N.  and  bv  Mr. 
Purcel,  in  3*.  38.  See  Georgia  Wtfttrn 
^territory. 

Yazoo  Cliff s^  or  Aux  CoUSf  lie  7 1 
miles  from  the  river  Yazoo,  and  39I 
miles  from  Loufa  Chitto,  or  Big  Black 
river. 

Ybagve,  a  city  of  New-Granada, 
in  Terra  Firma  South- America. 

Yc A,  or  Valverdtt  or  the Grttn  Valtt 
from  a  valley  of  the  fame  name  planted 
with  vines,  which  is  6  leagues  long,  and 
produces  plenty  of  wine.  It  is  about 
41  miles  fouth-eaft  of  Pifeo,  in  Peru, 
and  is  inhabited  by  500  Spaniard <.  It 
is  a  beautiful  and  rich  town,  having  a 
large  church,  3  convents,  and  an  hof- 
pital.  About  6  leagues  from  the  towii 
IS  its  port,  called  Puerto  Qnemada. 

YcA()yB,  or  Icaco^  the  northern  point 
of  the  bay  of  Mancenilla,  in  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo. 

Yellow  Mmaaain.    See  TiTmtffet. 

Ylo,  a  port  of  Peru,  in  Los  Charcos 
convenient  for  loading  and  unloading, 
in  lat.  iS.  S.  The  town  of  the  fame 
name,  lies  about  a  quarter  of  a  leagtie  to 
the  windward  of  the  river,  and  is  inha- 
bited by  Indians.    FrcKier  calls  it  Htlo. 

YoHOGANY,  the  principal  branch 
of  Monongahela  li^'er,  called  alfo 
Tougbiogeny,  and  Toxbiogeni,  purfues  a 
north-wefterly  courfe,  and  pafles  through 
the  Laurel  Mountain,  about  30  miles 
from  its  mouth  ;  is,  fo  far,  from  300  to 
250  yards  wide,  and  the  navigation 
much  obftruAed  in  dry  weather  by  ra- 
pids and  Ihoals.  In  its  palfage  through 
the  mountain  it  makes  very  great  falls, 
admitting  no  navi^tion  for  10  miles, 
to  the  Turkey-foot.  Thence  to  the 
Great  Crofling,  about  %o  miles,  it  is 
again  navigable  except  in  dry  fisafons, 
and  at  this  place  is  100  yards  wide. 
The  fource*  of  this  river  are  divkted 


YO  R 


6rr 


fimn  thofc  of  the  Patowmackf  by  the 
Alleghany  Mountain.  From  the  falli, 
where  it  InterfeAs  the  Laurel  Mountain* 
to  Fort  Cumberland,  the  head  of  the 
navigation  to  the  Patowmack,  ta  40 
miles  of  very  mountainous  road.  The 
country  on  this  river  iu  uneven,  but  in 
the  vallies  the  foil  is  extremely  rich. 
Near  to  Pittiburg  the  countty  is  well 
peopled,  and  there,  as  well  aa  in  Red- 
ftone,  all  the  comforts  of  life  are  m  the 
greateft  abundance.  This  whole  coun- 
try abounds  with  coal,  which  liea  almeft 
on  the  furface  of  the  ground. 

YoNKiRS,  a  tovmSiipof  New- York* 
in  Weft  Chefter  co.  bounded  eafterly 
by  Bronx  river,  and  wefterly  by  the 
county  of  York  and  Hudfon'a  river. 
It  contains  11  as  inhabitantSf  of  whom 
139  are  eleAors,  and  170  flavea. 

Y0NKBR8,  a  poft'town  of  New- 
York,  114.  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Young  FniDiHtcK^sIJIaml,  on  the 
N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  dividea 
Port  Ingraham.    See  Port  iHgrabam. 

York,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
takes  its  rife  near  the  Blue  Ridge,  and 
empties  into  the  Chefapeak,  a  Tittle  to 
theS.ofMobjackBay.  At  York  Town 
it  alfords  the  beft  harbour  in  the  State* 
which  will  admit  veflels  of  the  largeft 
file.  The  river  there  narrows  to  the 
width  of  a  mile,  and  is  contained  within 
very  high  banks,  clofe  under  which  the 
velwls  may  ride.  It  has  4  fathoms  wa« 
ter  at  high  tide,  for  ao  miles  above 
York,  to  the  mouth  of  Poropotank* 
where  the  river  is  a  mile  and  a  half  wide* 
and  the  channel  only  75  fathoms,  pafs- 
inv  under  a  very  high  bank.  At  the 
confluence  of  Pamunky  and  Mattapony 
it  has  but  3  fathoms  depth,  which  con- 
tinues up  Pamunky  to  Cumberland, 
where  the  width  is  too  yaitls,  and  up 
Mattapony  to  within  a  miles  of  Fnuter^s 
Feny,  wnere  it  becomes  aS^  fathoma 
deep,  and  holds  that  about  5  miles. 

York,  a  river  of  York  co.  Diftrift 
of  Maine,  which  nms  up  7  or  8  miles, 
and  affords  a  tolerable  harbour  for  vef- 
fels  under  200  tons.  The  rocks,  how- 
ever, render  it  fomewhat  difficult  and 
hazardous  for  ftrangers.  . 

York,  a  maritime  and  populous  co. 
of  the  DiftriA  of  Maine,  bounded  tail 
and  north-eaft  by  Cumberland,  fouth  by 
the  ocean,  weft  by  New-Hampfliire* 
from  which  it  is  leparatcd  by  Salmon 
Fall  river,  and  north  by  Canada,   it  is 

Q^  a  well 


96ir 


TOR 


well  wafcnd  by  Saeoi  MovfiMni  uid 
.•thtr  ilretini,  and  U  divkUd  intot; 
to«viiflu|>«>  unI  contajnt  tl,tsi  inhabit 
tantf.  Chief  towiir  York. 
.  Yo RE,  a  poft-town  of  the  DUIriA  it 
Maine,  in'Yorlieo.  9  inilet  nortli>eaft 

Jf  Portfmouth,  in  New-Hampfliiiv,  ao 
>uth  of  Wcllfl,  4!  fouth  bv  weft  of 
Poitland,  7  s  from  Vofton,  and  4a  1  from 
Phibdelphia.  N.  lat.  4-1'  •<•  It  i>  a 
port  of  entry  and  capital  ot  the  county. 
The  river  of  ire  name  emotica  into  York 
liarbour  at  the  town.  It  ia  navigable 
for  vefTrla  of  ^50  tone.  About  a  mile 
from  the  lea  it-  a  ^wootlen  brklge  acrol'e 
the  river,  a7ofret  in  length,  which  waa 
ct^fAcd  in  1761.  Before  the  war,  S5-  or 
.30  TtfleU  were  employed  in  the  Weil- 
jtidia  trade,  and  codling  bufinefi,  but 
flheir  veflEda  were  taken  or  dettroyed, 
and  little  marine  bufmcf*  ia  now  done, 
except  that  arfinail  fiAiery  ia  I'upported. 
Thia  towndttp  waa  liettied  in  1630^  and 
•ailed  AgamtfUicus^  from  the  hiH  of  that 
name  which  ia  a  noted  land -mark  for 
marinera^  la  i<40,  Sir  Ferdinand  Qor- 

Sa  iiicoi-porated  a  great  part  of  it  by 
e  name  of  Getrgiana.  In  the  year 
r69a,  the  Indians  took  the  town  by  l'ur> 
prife,  and  burnt  inqft  of  the  houfes,  and 
150  pcrlbns  were  killed  or  captivated. 
It  contained,  according  to  the  eenl'us  ol' 
17^0,  S900  perfona.  Fiih  of  various 
kinda  frequent  the  rivers  and  (bores  of 
<he  lea  contiguous.  In  a  calm  leafon, 
in  the  ftimmcr,  one  may  ftand  on  ttie 
cocka  of  the  fliore,  and  catch  them  in 
the  &a,  with  a  line,  or  even  with  an 
angling  rod,  and  a  fathom  or  two  of  line. 

YoftK,  a  county  of  Pennfylvania, 
bounded  eaft  and  north- eaft  by  Sufque- 
bannah  river,  which  feparates  it  from 
Lancafler  and  Dauphine  counties,  and 
£)uth  by  the  State  of  Maryland.  It 
contains  ay  townihips,  and  37,747  in- 
habitants. 

Yo«K,a  poil-town  and  capital  of  the 
above  county,  fltuated  on  the  eaft  fide 
«f  Codorus  Creek,  which  empties  into 
the  Suiqudiannah.  It  contains  about 
500  houiies,  fcveral  of  which  are  of 
kick.  The  town  is  regularly  laid  out  1 
the  public  buildings  are  a  cottrt-houfe, 
a  Aone  gaol,  a  record-office,  handfoine- 
Ijr  built,  an  aculemy,  a  German  I»uther- 
an,  a  German  Calviniil,  a  Prefliyterian, 
Heman  Catholic,  and  Moi-avian  church, 
and  a  Quaker  meeting-houfe.  It  is  sz 
niks  Wl  S.  W.  of  Laacailer,  51  N. 


rofc 

W,  br  N.  of  Hartford,  in  H&^Unir 
199  NrS  of  ftianncon,  in  Virginia,  uA 
tlwtftofPhiUdelphia. 
/YoMC,  a  county  of  South'Carolinak 
in  Pinckney  diftriA  {  bounded  eaft  by 
Catawba,  river,  N.  by  the  State  of  N. 
Carolina  |  fouth  by  Chefter  co.  and  weft 
by  Broail  rivrr,  which  divides  it  from 
'Spartanburg,  and  is  one  of  the  moft 
agreeable  and  healthy  cmmties  in  the 
State,  and  well  wata red  by  Catawba  a*d 
Broad  rivera,  and- their  tributaries.  It 
contains  6604  inhabitants,  of  whom 
565*  are  wliites,  and  9a^  flavea.  Here 
are  exunfivc  iron-works.  This  countjt 
fends  3  reprefentativea  and  one  fenatov 
to  the  State  legidature. 

York,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bounded 
north  Hy  York  river,  which  divides  it 
fiomGlouceiierco.  foirth  by  Warwick  i 
eaft  by  Elizabeth  City  co.  and  weft  by 
that  of  James  Ciry.  It  contaiua  5«33. 
inliabitaais,   of  whom  tj6o  are  flavt-s. 

York,  or  Torktvumt  a  port  of  entry 
and  poft.  town  ot  Virginia,  an^l  capit\d 
of  York  CO.  It  is  agreeably  lituated  on 
the  fouth  fide  of  Yuik  river,  wheiv  tW 
river  is  I'uddenljr  contraAed  to  a  narrow 
compafs,  oppofite  to  Glouccfter,  and  a 
mile  diftant,  where  there  is  a  fort  front. 
iug  that  on  the  York  fide,  about  i  c 
miJes  weil  by  fouth  of  Toea  Point,  at 
the  mouth  of  tlte  river.  The  banks  of 
the  river  ai«  veiy  high,  and  velTeU  of 
the  sreateft  burden  may  ride  clofe  un- 
der tliem  with  the  greateft  fafety.  It 
contains  about  60  or  70.  houfea,  a  gaol, 
an  EpilcOpai  d'urch,  and  a  tobacco 
warc-houfe.  In  790,  it  contained  66  z 
inhabitants,  of  who  n  37a  were  flaves,. 
Its  exports,  in  the  year  1794,  amounted 
to  feventy-one  thouland  five  hundred 
and  f^venty-eight  dollars.  It  will  ever 
be  famous  in^  the  American  annals  for 
the  capture  of  Lord  Cornwallis  and  his 
;army,  by  the  oombined  force  of  the 
United  States  and  France,  which  took. 

fiace  ou  the  i>9th  of  OAober,  17S1. 
t  is  12  milea^aft  by  fi>uthof  Williaoii'- 
burgh,  41  N.  W.of  IJampton,  7^.  £., 
S.  E.  of  Richmond,  ana  330  fouth- 
ibuth'Wcftof  Philadelphia*  H.  lat.  37.. 
a».  30.  W.  long.  76.  51.. 

York,  a  town  -^f  Upper  Canada,  fi- 
tuated  on  the  no.  ./ellern  fide  oi  Lake 
Ontario,  and  is  defigned  to  be  the  fu- 
ture feat  of  government  of  that  province. 
The  public- buildings  are  ereaing.  It 
i8'4o  loika  N>by-W,  of  Niagara  Fort, 

and 

00" 


Iin4. 


Y  U  C 

•nil  ISO  weft-fouth-wcft  of  Krngfton. 
K.  lat.f].  57<  W.  )on^.  lo.  35. 

YoRIt  Mf  !■  9  milei  long,  ind  4 
brotdi  ami  fpreadi  to  the  ibuthwani  he- 
fore  the  city  of  New- Yurie.  4t  i«  form- 
ed by  the  confluence  of  En(t  and  Htitl- 
ibn'a  rivers,  and  emlMfomi  teveral  fniali 
iflands,  of  which  Govemor^s  Iflind  it 
the  principal.  It  commiinicarci  with 
the  ocraih  through  the  Narrows,  be> 
twetn  Staten  and  Long  Illandi,  which 
arc  Icarcely  s  miles  wide.  Tin*  palliige 
<ip  to  Ncw-Yorki  from  Sandy  Hook, 
the  point  of  land  that  extends  furthelt 
into  the  Cca,  is  fafc,  and 'not  above  so 
miles  in  length.  The  common  naviga- 
tion is  between  the  ead  and  weft  banlcs, 
in  al\oiit  12  feet  water.  The  light- 
'houle'llit  Sandy  Hook  is  in  lat.  40.  30. 
iM.  and  lonsf.  74.  a.  W. 

York  Fort,  on  the  fouth-weft  fhore 
of  Hudlbn's  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Port 
Nelfon  river,  is  .1 60  miles  wefterly  of 
Severn  Houfe.  N.  lat.  57.  i.  51.  W. 
long.  9s.  46.  40. 

York  Harbour  lies  within  the  elbow 
formed  by  South  Head,  in  the  Bay  of 
Ifliinds,  Newfoundland  IHand. 

York  IJlandt  one  of  the  Gallipago 
iflacds,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru. 

York  JJU,  or  I/lands,  lie  in  S.  lat. 
50.  37.  about  50  leagues  from  the  coaft 
of  Patagonia,  in  South  America,  and 
are  inhabited.  Trinity  .iHe  lies  due  E. 
of  them,  near  the  main  land. 

York  Ledge,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Dif- . 
tn£l  of  Maine.  From  York  Harbour  to 
York  Ledg^,  the  courie  is  S.  £.  two 
leagues. 

YORK  Miujler,  un  the  8.  co;)ft  of  the 
-ifland  Terra  del  Fuego,  is  19  leagues  at 
E.  S.  E.  from  Gilbeit  Ifland.     S.  lat. 
55.  16.  W.  long.  70.  25. 

York  Road,  or  Ba\\  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  in  S.  At  rica,  is  10  miles 
-from  Cape  Crofs  Tid«  S.  lat.  53.  39. 
W.  long.  73.  5». 

YoRKTOWN,  a  townfliip  of  New 
York,  Wcft-Chcfter  co.  ouimcled  weft- 
xrly  i>y  the  town  of  Cortland,  and 
•northerly  by  Dutchef s  co.  In  .1 790,  it 
.contained  1609  inhabitants,  including 
40  ilaves.  In  1 796,  according  to  the 
Stnte  ccnfus,  t|iere  were  »io  ot  the  in- 
'liabitanis  electors. 

YouGHiocBNy.     See  Yobogany. 

YucATEN,  one  of  the  7  provinces  of 
ithc  audience  of  Mexico,  in  New- Spain. 
Tiie  Bjitifli  luid  r  right. to^cut  logwood. 


ZAP  619 

afid  carry  it  iwty,  by  the  tmty  of 
17I3,  in  the  traft  betwetn  Rio  HMMk 
^nd  BalliM  rivers. 
Yuma,  Baj  ef.  Sec  Hiauty» 
YvNAi  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  8e. 
Domingo,  which  rum  an  E.  B.  E.  and 
E.  courfc,  and  cmptici  into  the  W.  end 
of  the  Bay  of  Samana.  It  rifes  near 
Monte  Chrift  river.  It  ii  navigvblc  no 
farther  than£ocu]i|  i|  leiguea  Irom  it« 
mouth. 


ZACATECAS,  a  province  of  New. 
Spain,  bounded  by  New  Bifcay  on 
the  N.  by  Panuco  on  the  E.  Mechoacan» 
Guadalajaia,  and  Chiametlan,  on  theS. 
and  by  part  of  Chiametlan  and  Culiacaii 
on  the  W.  It  is  well  inhabited,  and 
abounds  with  large  villages.  The 
mines  hete  are  reckoned  the  richeft  ia 
America. 

ZACATBCASythecapitatofthe  above 
province,  fituatcd  under  the  tropic  of 
Cancer,  40  leagues  -N.  of  G  uadalajara, 
and  80  N.  W.  of  Mexico.  Its  garrifon 
confifts  of  about  1000  men,  and  there 
are  about  800  families  of  (laves,  who 
work  in  the  mines  and  other  laborious 
work.  N.  lat.  13.  ap.  W.  long.  103. 
20. 

Zacallan»  a  town  of  Mexico.  See 
Angelas. 

,Zacatvla>  a  fmall  feapoit-town  of 
the  province  of  Mechoacan,  fituated  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the  fame 
name,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
N.  lat.  17.  aa.  W.  long.  104.  58. 

Zach£0,  ot  Dejecbiot  a  Imall  ifland* 
8  or  9  leagues  to  the  N.  E.  by  N.  of 
Mona,  between  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go, and  that  of  Porto  Rico.  It  is  no- 
thing more  than  a  green.mouiitain}  800 
or  1000  yards  long. 

Zamora,  acityofP^n),  in  South- 
America,  200  miles  fouth  of  Quito* 
which  is  pretty  large,  -and  the  boufes 
well  built  of  timber  and  flone.  The 
churcli  and  convent  of  Dominicans,  are 
both  elegant  ltru6)ures.  There  tire 
leveral  gold  mines  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  theicity,  but  few  of  tl)em  are  workt  d. 
S.  lat.  4.  10.  W.  long.  77.  5. 

Zapotbcn AS,  a  river  of  New-Sj^ialn 
which  runs  nortlhcaftward  into  the  gulif 

0^3  olf 


m. 


6i4 


ZIT 


of  Mexico.  A  fort  of  the  fame  name 
ftandt  on  the  N.  W.  hank  of  the  river, 
about  250  miles  S.  E.  from  the  city  of 
Mexico. 

Zbli70»  or  Z>Uti»,  one  of  the  forts 
lior  the  prote6Uon  of  the  harbour  of 
Carthagcnat  on  the  N,  coaft  vf  Souths 
America. 
^ZiNOCHSAA*  the  original  name  of 
•  river  of  New.Yorlc»  which  runs 
through  OnondagOj  the  chief  town  of 
the  Six  Nations. 
ZlTARf  a  town  of  T^rra  Firma, 


ZU  Y 

South>Anierica»  near  to  and  fouth  from 
the  htad  of  the  gulf  of  Darien. 

ZOAR,  a  plantation  of  Berkfliire  co. 
MaflachufettSi  containing  78  inhabi' 
tants. 

ZoNCOLCUCAH,  moimlains  inGuiix- 
aca,  in  New-Spain,  which  give  rife  to 
Papalo-apain,  or  Alvarad  river. 

Z0ME8H10,  the  chief  town  of  the 
Seneca  Indians,  s  miles  N.  of  Seneca^ 
Lake. 

ZuYDT  Riveft  a  name  in  Pt^tcl;^ 
maps  giveo  to  JDeUwaire  KVl^^ 


I 


♦fhc 


TABLE 


#* 


•WW 


t  «.^  3 


'  CO* 

ibi. 

Jiwx- 
\k  to 

the 
eneci^ 


TABLE  OF  POST-OFFICES 


IN 


THE  UNITED  STATES, 


WJTJI 


-■^•. 


'J*hc  Distance  from  the  Poft-Office  at^l^HiLADELPHiA  to  every 
4}ther  Poft-Of^ce  hei:e  mentioned. 


|[By  permiflipn  of  the  Author,  the  following  ufeful  TaWe  and  Obfervai* 

tions  arc  annexed.]} 


Miles. 

ABBEVILLE  coyi^houfe,S.C.78* 

.  Abhotftown,  P.  ^03 

Abingdon,  Va.  511 

Accomac  court-houre,  ya. ,  %  99 

Albany,  N.  V.  965 

Alexandria,  Va.  956 

AiUen's  Frefh,  i/lis  203 

Anaboy,  N.  J.  74 

^mherft,  N.  H.  %%/^ 

Andover,  Ms.  Z7' 

Annapolis,  Md.  132 

Anfon  court  houfe,  N.  C.  583 

Avery  (borough,  N.  ^  482 

Augufta,  G.  .7^3 

Baltimore,  Md.  fo» 

Bairdftown,  K.  875 

Bamftable,  Ms.  423 

Bath,  Me.  512 

Bath,  N.  Y.  %^i 

Bath,  c.  h.  Va.  337 

Beaufort,  S.  C.  S36 

Bedford,  P.  a 04 

Belfaft,  Me.  590 

Bel  Air,  Md.  86 

Benedi^,  Md.  191 

^Pennington,  Vt.  30* 

Bermuda  Hundred,  Va*  302 

Berwick,  Me.  4)z 

j^ethania,  N.  C,  538 


Bethl^em,  P, 
Beverly,  Ms. 
Biddeford,  Me. 
Blackhorfe,  Md. 
Bladeniburg,  Mdf 
BluehUl,  Nfe. 
Booneton,  N.J.. 
Boston,  Ms. 
Bourbontown,  K. 
Bowlingreen,  Va. 
Brattleborougb,  Vt. 
Brewers,  Me. 
Bridgehampton,  N.  Y^ 
Bridgetown  Baft,  N.  Jf. 
Bridgetown  Weit,  M.  T. 
Briftol,R.I. 
Briftol,  P. 
Brookfield,  Ms. 
Brookhaven,  N.  Y. 
Brownfvilie,  P. 
Brunfwick,  Me. 
BrunrwJ:k  (New)  N.  J. 
Burlir.gton,  Vt. 
Butternutts,  N.  Y. 

Cabbin  Point,  Va, 
Cabeilfcurg,  Va. 
C;jmbiidge,  S.  C, 
Camden,  Me. 
Camden,  S.  Ct 
<iq  4, 


Miles. 

5» 

367 

'6i| 
zi^ 

$47 

749 
sjo 

74S 
196 

7* 
47 

30^ 

aa 

»7« 
i6t 

34« 

500 

60 

429 

375 

35» 
57t 


...  »iA  lb. , 


. 

t    1i*<  V 

Miles. 

Miles. 

Canau,  Me* 

577 

Drefilen,  Me. 

i  54» 

Canaan*  ,C. 

*S7 

DoutyU  Falls,  Me* 

439 

CantweU's  Bridge*  D, 

5* 

Carliflw,  P. 

i»5 

Eift-Oreenwich,  R,  T, 

J08 

-Carterrviile»  Va. 

3^3 

Eaftoa,  p. 

7c 

Centreville,  Md, 

98 

Eaftan,  Md. 

918 

Centre  Harbour,  N.  H, 

♦86 

,Edcnton,  N.  C. 

440 

CatfkUt,  N.  Y. 

»33 

Edgartown,  Ms. 

44& 

Caftine,  Me. 

610 

Edgefield  c.  h.  S.  C. 

738 

Chamberfburg,  P. 

>S7 

Elberton,  G. 

<59 

Chandler's  Rivef,  Me, 

697 

Elizabeth-Town,  N.  J, 

fo 

Chapel  Hill,  N.  C. 

47» 

Elizabeth-Town,  N*  C, 

S47 

Chaptico,  Md. 

»»S 

Elkton,  Md, 

49 

Cbarleftown,  N.  H. 

34-x 

Ephrata,  P, 

74 

Charleftown,  Md. 

*        7«3 

Exeter,  JJ.  H. 

40* 

Charleston,  S.  C, 

Charlotte  c.  h.  Va. 

379 
617 

Fairfield,  Me, 

563 

Charlotte,  c.  h.  N.  C. 

Paiifield,  C. 

161 

Charlottefville,  Va. 

303 

Falmouth,  Ms. 

4*9 

Chatham  c.  h.  N.  C. 

584 

Falmouth,  Va, 

»07 

Chenango,  ^.  Y. 

375 

Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

507 

Cheraw  c,  h.  S.  C. 

591 

Fincaftle,  Va. 

358 

Cherry  VaUey,  N.  y, 
Ghefter,  N.  H, 

336 

Fifljkill,  N.  Y. 

'% 

S9« 

Flemington,  N.  J. 

Chelter,  P, 

«5 

Franfort,  K. 

790 

Chefterc.  h.  S.  C, 

736 

Franklin  c.  h.  G. 

834 

Cheler-Town,  Md, 

81 

Frederica,  D. 

88 

Chriiliana,  D. 

37 

Frederickfljurg,  Va. 

208 

Cincinnati,  N.  T, 

779 

."''rederickiowrn,  Md, 

148 

Claverack,  N.  Y. 

»3« 

Freeport,  Me. 

493 

Ctefmont,  N.  Y, 

211 

Oovrec,  D. 

to8 

Gallipolis,  N.  t. 

559 

Cojichefter,  Va. 

I7» 

Geneva,  N-  Y. 

♦Sf 

Columbia,  Me. 

6SS 

Georgetown,  C,  R.  Md 

«s 

Columbia,  Va. 

3*8 

Georgetown,  Ptk.  Md, 

»4« 

Columbia,  S.  C. 

678 

Oeoigetown,  S.C, 

681 

Csnajuhary,  N.  Y, 

318 

Georgetown,  G. 

873 

Concord,  N.  H. 

410 

Germanton^  N.  C* 

5*8 

Concord,  Ms. 

368 

Grttifburg,  P.     ' 

119 

Cooperftown,  N.  Y, 

348 

Gloucefter,  Ms. 

38i 

CMa'awatchy,  S.  C. 

833 

Glducefter  c.  h.  Va. 

3«l 

Culpepper,  Va. 

»53 

Goldfon'«,  Va. 

35s 

CumbierlanJ,  Mid. 

»a7 

Goochland  c.  h.  Va, 

1108 

Comberland  c.  h.  Va, 

330 

Ooldiborough,  Me. 

6s7 

Goflien,  N,  Y. 

«4« 

^gfborough,  D, 
Daiibury,  C, 

1*7 

Gray,  Me. 

489 

171 

Grtene,  Me. 

514 

Danville,  K.     ' 

830 

Greenfield,  Ms. 

»9I 

I)edham,  Ms. 

3*1 

Greenbrier  c.h.  Va, 

410 

Dfghton,  Ms. 

314 

Greenfborough,  G. 
Greenfburg,  P. 

841 

Dover,  N.  H. 

4>6 

*7% 

Dover,  D. 

76 

Gre?nlvillc,  T, 

577 

Downington,  P, 

33 

Greenville,  N-  C. 

445 

Dock  Creek,  D. 

64- 

Greenville  c.  h.  S.  C^ 

781 

Duck  Trap,  Mc. 

578 

Guilford,  C. 

aoi 

Dumfries,  Va. 

l8z 

Duplin  c.  h.  N.  C. 

566 

Hacketftown,  N.  ^, 

»3<» 

iporhaiDj^.U. 

416 

Hagv.  rftown,  Md, 

'49 

.   ■^. 

Haiifax, 

!:.*.  ■ 


419 

308 

7C 
Its 
440 
44^ 

»59 

80 

5*7 
♦9 
74 

401 

161 

4»9 
S07 

507 

3S8 


16  e 

si 


' 

I    «« 

7    1                        • 

, 

Miles. 

MMes. 

Halifax,  N.  C. 

3S4 

Leominfter,  Mi. 

39» 

Halifax  c.  h,  Va. 

414 

Leunard-Town, . 

»«jr 

Hallowell  c.  b.  Me. 

5)9 

Le^ifl)urg,  P. 

«i» 

Halluwell  Hook,  Me. 

54* 

Lexington,  Va, 

s»» 

Hamburg,  N.  J. 

ISI 

Lexington,  K. 

78U 

Hampton,  Va. 

37« 

Liberty,  Va. 

391 

Hiincock,  Md. 

179 

Lincolnton,  M.  C. 

€i% 

Hanover,  N.  H. 

377 

Litchfield,  C. 

*o)r 

.  Hanover,  Ms. 

375 

Little  German  Flats,  N,  ir« 

34* 

Hanover,  P. 

106 

Londonderry,  N.  H. 

401 

Hanover  c.  h.  Va. 

*55 

Louiiburg^  N.  C. 

4«f 

Hanover-Town,  Va, 

300 

Lauifville,  K. 

9>l 

Harford,  Md. 

77 

LovtayiLi.i,G. 

8«j 

Harpersiield,  N.  V, 
Harri(burg,  P. 

989 

Lumberton,  N.  C. 

539 

J  07 

Lower  Marlboro',  Md. 

i6» 

Harris'-,  Va. 

336 

Lynchburgh,  Va. 

3«t 

Harrodiburg,  K. 
Hartford,  C. 

820 

Lynn,  Ms. 

-       3«« 

aaz 

Haverhill,  N.  H. 
Haverhill,  Ms. 

41* 

Machias,  Me. 

705 

38z 

Mancbcfter,  Vt. 

3*4 

s     :Havre-de  Grace,  Md, 

65 

Marblehead,  Ms. 

37« 

Hertford,. N.  C. 

458 

Marietta,  N.  T, 
Martiniburg,  Va. 

4S« 

Hicks'sFor',  Va. 

356 

16I 

1 

Hilllborough,  N.  C. 

4S<5 

Marlborough,  N.  H. 

35* 

1 

Hingham,  Ms. 

369 

Martinfville,  Va. 

478 

1 

Hogtown,  N.  C. 
Holraes's  Hole,  Ms. 

4'9 

Martinville,  N.  C. 

504 

i 

438 

Mecklenburg,  Va. 

395 

1 

Homtown,  Va. 

»74 

Mendon,  Ms. 

«9S 

If 

Hudfon,  N.  Y, 

«'7 

Middlebury,  Vt, 

39» 

f 

Huntington,  Md. 
Huntfviile,  N.  C. 

171 

Middletown,  C. 

sot 

1 

553 

Middietown,  D, 

49 

1 

Middletown  Point, 

91 

Is 

Indian-Town,  N.  C, 

49a 

Milford,  C. 

>7l 

1 

Ipiwich,  Ms. 

377 

Milford,  D. 

9$ 

i 

Iredell  c.  h.  N.  C. 

59* 

Mlllerftown,  P. 
Monmouth,  Me 

34 
S»4 

1 

Johnfonfljurg,  N.  J, 
Johnfton,  N.  Y. 

98 

307 

Monmouth  c.  h.  N.  J. 
Montgomery  c.  h.  Md. 

'? 

Jonertiorough,  T, 

55' 

Montgomery  c.  h.  Va. 
Montgomery  c.  h.  N.  C. 

408 
£07 

Kanaodaigua,  N,  Y. 

473 

Moore  c.  h.  N.  C. 

547 

Keene,  N.  H. 

344 

Moorcfieids,  Va. 

iij 

Killingworth,  C. 

«I0 

Morgantowfn,  Va. 

01 

Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 

»4-4- 

Morganton,  N.  C. 

66k 

Kir.gfton,  (Efopus)  N.  Y. 

»9» 

Morriftown,  N.  J. 

lot 

Kinlale,  Va. 

305 

Morrifville,  P. 

»# 

JCIngfton,  N.  C, 

51* 

Mount  Tizrah,  N.  C. 

486 

JCNoXVILLE,  T. 

6sz 

Murfteelborough,  N,  C. 

♦** 

Lancafter,  Ms. 

385 

Nantucket,  Ms. 

ii% 

Lancarter,  P. 

66 

Narraguag!»s,  Me. 

«7J 

Lancaltcr  c.  h.  Va. 

335 

Nalh,  c.  h.  N.  C. 

443 

JLanfinglvjrg,  N.  Y. 

»74 

NafliviUe,  T. 

1015. 

Laurens  c.  h.  S.  C. 

755 

Newark,  N.  J. 

U 

Laytons,  Va. 

a45 

New-Bedford,  Ms. 

%Zl 

Lebanon,  P. 

8z 

Newburn,  N.  C. 

sot 

Leelburg,  Va. 

173 

Newburg,  N.  Y. 

J7» 

J.ecfl»«rsi  N.  C. 

510 

Newbury,  Vu                   , 

417 

New 


I—  vmt.ff '  i-^p^'tHW'^wmmw*— 


^...^^: 


t 


Newbury  c.  h.  S.C. 
"Newbury- port,  Ms. 
N«wcaftl«>,  Me. 
Dewcaftie,  D> 
INeW'  Oermaatown,  N.  J, 
Kew-Gloucefter,  Me. 
New-Hartford»  C. 
Mbw-HaVen,  C. 
New-Kent  c.  h.  Va. 
Ilew-  Lebanon,  N.  Y. 
'New- London,  ,C. 
New-London,  Va. 
New-market,  Va. 
14iew-Milford,  C. 
New.Milford,  Me* 
Newport,  K.  I. 
Newport,  D. 
Newport  Bridge,  G. 
Newtown,  N.  Y. 
New.York  city,  N.  Y» 
Nixonton,  N.  C.    '  ' 
Norfolk,  Va 
Northampton,  Ms. 
Northampton  c.  h.  Vs« 
Norridgcwortb,  Me. 
Northumberland,  P. 
Northumberland  c.  h.  Vt. 
North- Yarmouth,  Me. 
Norwaik,  C. 
Norwich,  C. 
Nottingham,  N.  H. 
Nottingham,  Md. 

Old  Fort  Schuyler,  N.  Y. 
Old-  Town,  Md. 
Ouonclaigua,  N.  Y. 
Orangeburg,  S.  C. 
Orange  c.  b.  Va. 
Orfonl,  N.  H. 
Ouliout,  N.  Y. 
Owega,  N.  Y. 
Oxford  Ac.  N.  Y. 

Painted  Poft,  N.  Y. 
'Faflamaquoddy,  Me. 
Pcei(kili,  N.  Y. 
"^  !    ;eton  c.  h;  S.  C. 

Vvncbic)*-;  oi  C3:>inr,  Me. 
Peterbonvs^H,  N.  IJ, 
Ff;terrt)urj5,'i:*- 

FetC/ b^«g} '^':\.    - 
FtifrriiK'^jj,  G. 

Pinw.i-;yyi;k,  ix  C. 
Pi'tiuvfb  .  ?.!:*♦ 
PiUfburg,'?        ^        "^j; 


Miles. 
60 

7*3 

389 

l^rs 
33 
73 

4.99 

«4» 

18} 

308 
«93 
*37 
393 

5J8 
a9% 

3» 

959 
■aso 

95 
468 

389 
ayo 

*39 
587 
124. 

3»7 
483 
J49 
*5« 
437 
»65 


] 

P!tt(ylvania  c.  h.  V», 
Pitifton,  Me. 
Pittfton,  N.  J. 
Plumllea^,  P. 
Plymouth.  N.  H. 
Plymouth,  M». 
Pfy  mouth,  N,  C, 
Pbmtret,  C. 
P0RTJ.AND,  Me. 
Fort-Roy.,i,  Va. 

Po.RT^MOVTH,  N.  H, 

Portrmoulii,  Va. 
Port  Tobacco,  Md. 
Pottfgrove,  P, 
Poughkeepfie,  N.  Y. 
Powhatan  c..  h.  Va. 
Prince  Edward  c.  h.  Va. 
Princefk-Ann,  Md. 
Princeton,  N.  J. 
Princeton,'  N.  C. 
Prorpca,Me. 
Providence,  R.  I, 

Qgeen  Ann'i,  Md> 
Quincy,  Ms. 

Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Randolph  c.  h.  N.  C. 

Reading,  P. 

Redhook,  N.  Y. 

Rhinebeck,  N.  Y. 

Richland,  N.  C. 

RiCHMONp,  Va. 

Richmond  c.  h.  Va. 
3:64    Richmond  c.  h.  N.  C, 
ai3     Ridgefield,  C. 
41X     Rockaway,  N.  J. 
721     Rockford,  N.  C. 
S73     Rockingham  c.  h.  Va. 
395     Rockingham  c,  h.  N.  (?|. 
325     Rocky  Mount,  Va, 
a<4     Rome,  N.  Y. 

395      RVTLAKD,  Vt. 

Komaey,  Va. 
a  30 

7*8  Sagg- Harbour,  N.Y. 

X45  St.  Lto.iard's  Md. 

801  Sr.  Mary's,  G. 

606  St.  Tammany's,  Va. 

366  SaJem,  Ms. 

413  Saltin,  N.  J, 

30  !  Salem,  W.  C. 

%l6  SaJifcuiy,  Md. 

.«— .  Sjiifbury,  N.  C. 

716  Sampler  c.  h.  N,  C« 

178  Sandwich,  Ms. 

303  Sanford,  Me. 

299  SavanRaii,  G* 


448 
547 
59 
'  3« 
445 
393 
4^3 
*H 
4*9 
430 

4" 
399 
,94 

IT 

1 80 

3?o 

358 

?78 

4* 

4»9 
6p» 

*91 

369 

.44' 
58s 

io6 
19« 

ziS 

iH 
til 

i»3 

573 

536 
433 

376 

359 
242 

20» 

J  8$ 

J054 

389 
365 

37 
53« 
363 
567 

543 
411 
447 

Sawyer's 


t«wyer*i  Ferry,  H.  C« 
Saybrook,  C^ 
Scotland  Neck,  N,  C, 
8chene£iady,  N.  Y. 
Scipto,  N.  v. 
Sharpiburg,  Md, 
Sheffield,  Mi. 
Shcpherdftown,  Va, 
ShippenflMirg,  p. 
Sl|rew(bury,  N,  J, 
Smithfield,  Va. 
Smithfield,  N.  C. 
Smithtown,  N.  V, 
Snowhill,  Md 
Somerfet,  tAt, 
Southampton  c.  h.  Va, 
Sparta,  N.  J. 
Spartan  c.  h.  S.  Ct 
Springfield,  Ms. 
Springfield,  K. 
Stamford,  C. 
Statelburg,  S,  C^ 
Staunton,  Va. 
Stevenfburg,  Va, 
Stockbrldge,  M>f 
Stonington,  C, 
Strafbur^,  Va, 
Stratford,  C» 
Suflield,  C. 
Suffolk,  Va, 
Sullivan,  M^. 
Sumner,  S.  C. 
SuiTex  c.  h.  N.  J« 
^unbury,  P. 
Sunbury,  G. 
Sweedloorough,  N.  J* 
Sweet  Springs,  Va. 

Taney  ton,  Md. 
Rappahannock,  V, 
Tarborough,  N.  C. 
Taunton,  Ms. 
Thomalion,  Me. 
Todds,  Va. 
Tower  Hill,  R.  I, 
Trenton,  Me. 
Trknton,  N.  J, 
Trenton,  N.  C, 
Troy,  N.  Y. 

Union- Town,  P. 
Union,  N.  Y. 
Upper  Marlborough}  Md, 
Urbanna,  Va. 

VaflTalborough,  Me. 
Vergenne*,  Vt. 
Vienna,  Md. 
lyaldoborough,  Me* 


Miles. 


WalIingfbnl,C. 
Walpok,  N.  H. 
Wardlbrid^,  N.  Y, 

Warminfter,  Va« 
Warren,  Me. 

Warrer.,  R.  I. 

War; en,  Va. 

Wairentoa,  N.  C. 

Warwick,  Md. 

W/:SHINGTON  city, 

Wafaington,  P. 

Waflitngton,  K. 

Wa/hington,  N.  C. 

Waihington,  G. 

Vl^aterbury,  Me. 

Vl^aynefborough,  N.  C. 

Wayne(borough,  G« 

Wells,  Me. 

Wefteriey,  R.  I. 

Weftfield,  Ms. 

Weft-Liberty,  Va. 

Weftminfter,  Vt. 

Weftmorelana  c.  h.  Va. 

Weathersfield,  C. 

Wheeling,  Va. 

Whiteftown,  N.  Y. 

Wilkes,  N.  C. 

Wikeibane,  P. 

William(borough,  N.  C. 

Williamfljurg,  N.  Y. 

WiJHamftiurg,  Va. 
.  Williamfport,  Md. 
so8    Williamfton,  N.  C. 

Wilmington,  D, 

Wilsnington,  N.  C. 

V/inchendon,  Ms. 

Winchefter,  Va. 

Windham,  C. 

Windfor,  Vt. 
_    Windfor,  N.C. 
4»o    Winnfborough,  S.  C, 
ji*     Winflow,  Me. 

Winthorp,  Me. 

Winton,  N.  C. 

Wifcaflet,  Me. 

Woodbridge,  N.  J. 

Woodbury,  N.  J. 

Woodttock,  Va. 

Woodftown,  N.  J. 

Worcelter,  Ms. 

Worthington,  Ms. 

Wythe,  c.  h  .Va. 


4«» 

at9 
S96 
all 

461 
I81 

1+6 

S64. 
473 
J  47 
158 

8" 
S99 

117 
746 

•SO. 

7»9 

>39 

.87 
aoo 

»49 
asi 
aio 
169 
23s 
386 

^45 


iia 

974 

ao 

580 

1*1 


564 
»83 
a8x 
633 
30 

JXI 

»7I 


3*7 
340 
x6z 
191 


Miks. 

S3» 

55f 
30s 
SaC 

S9* 

5r 

144 

3»f 

70> 


4S« 
491 
So* 

441 

»5« 

s6» 

34S 

s8^ 
ait 

36} 
361 
<ic 
lit 

4«T 
«8t 

33« 

I  'c 


5S« 

407 
150 

5+5 


Yarmouth,  Ms. 
Yonkers,  N.  Y. 
York,  Me. 
York  .Town,  Va. 
York,  P. 


at 

I  * 
a   f 

at 
JJf 
>»f 
434 
5*5 

7» 
f 

«99 
»«» 
45+ 

4*r 

IT4 

4st 

350 
88 

MXPUNATION 


.lllpJUOniMH  rii  'nrr  •  n  "  1 1 '    '  '  ^•""  — "•*— ™- 


J 


I    «ao    1 


I 


2 
fife,   for 
M.  H. 
▼t. 
Ma. 
it.  I. 
C. 

N.Y. 
N.J. 
P. 

N-T, 
l>. 
ML 

yt. 

u.c. 

T. 

«.C. 

G. 

rtk. 

C.R. 
«.  fa. 


XftASATlOH, 
Maine 

New.IIampfliire 
Vermont 
MaflTachufettt 
Rhode- Ifland 
Connejltcut 
New.  YoWc 
New-Jerfey 
Pennrytvania 
North  WeAern  Tenritorjr 
Delaware 
Maryland 
Virginia 
Kentttky 
North- Carolina 
Tenneflefe 
BouthoCaroIimi 
Georgia 
Potowmack 
CrofsJRoads 
Court.Houfe 


MjITES  of  PO S TA CM. fir  Single 
Ltttirs. 


Any  diftaiice  not  exceeding 
Over  90  and  not  exceeding 
Over  60  do. 

Over  loe  do. 

Over  150  do. 

Over  100  do. 

Over  a  50  do. 

Ovsr  350  do. 

Over  4.50 


Miles.  Cts. 
30       6 
60      8 

100     10 

1-50  »*i 
200  15 
150  17 
350  so 
450  %% 
»5 


SHIP  LETTERS  ^received  by  pri- 
Vate  fliipt,  are  rated  at  4  cents  each,  and 
if  they  are  forwarded  hy  poft,  with  the 
addition  of  the  ordinal}'  rates  of  land 
|>oRage. 

Ship  Letters  pafHng  in  pacicet-boats 
«r  velTels  provided  by  iheXJnitcd  States, 
«re  rated  as  follow : 


Single  Xetters  at 
Double  at 

Triple,  or  Packets,  at 
But  at  prefent  there  arc  no  fuch  public 
fnickets-boatik. 


Cts. 

8 
16 


HATES  of  POSTAGE  of  Ntwj- 
Papirs. 

Ctt. 
Each  paper  carried  notovtr   7 
'  ill  lies  S 

Over  too  t  .^  i| 


Bat  if  carries  to  any  poft-office  in  i 
the  State  in  which  it  is  .print'  / 
ed»  whatever  be  the  diftanee  \  ' 
the  rate  is  J 


Os. 


MAGAaiMES  and  Pamphlets 
rated  by  the  fheet. 

Carried  not  over  50  miles,  per  fhect 
Over  50  i^nd  not  over  100     do* 
Any  greater  diftance 


are 

Ctt. 
s 

«t 

% 


OBSERVATIONS. 

When  portages  are  chargd  too  b!gh» 
fuch  as  a  angle  letter  charjrrd  as  double, 
an  abatement  of  .the  poftage  will  he 
maue,  if  the  letter  or  packet  is  opened  in 
the  prefence  of  the  Poll-Mafter  or  his 
.letter-  carrier,  but  not  otherwiie. 

Letters  mnft  he  delivered  at  the  ofllicet 
ofBofton,New-York,  Philadelphia  and 
Baltimore,  one  hour  before  the  time  fix- 
ed for  the  departure  of  the  mail,  and  at 
other  offices  half  an  hour,  or  they  wilt 
lie  imtil  the  next  poft. 

Letter-carriers  are  employed  at  large 
poft-towns,  who  deliver  letters  at  the 
reiidence  of  individuals ;  they  are  eiu 
titled  to  two  cents  for  each  letter  or  pac- 
ket which  they  deliver,  in  addition  to 
the|)oftage.  Any  perfon  may,  however, 
receive  his  letters  at  the  poft-oifice,  on 
giving  the  poil-mafter  a  written  direc- 
tion to  that  purpofe. 

Poftages  of  letters  or  packets  maiy  be 

Kaid  in  advance  at  the  office  where  the 
:tter  is  entered  to  be  conveyed  by  <poft, 
or  they  maybe  fentunpaid  at  thewritei 
choice.     Poftages  muft.  always  be. paic( 
before  delivering  of  the  letter. 

Poft'inaftcrs  are  required  to  be  Teiy 
cautious  in  delivering  letters,  there  be- 
ing in  fome  towns  fe-  ctaI  perfons  of  the 
fame  name;  *lie  d.t tflons  ihouUl  be 
parttcular  in  luch  cafes. 

The  direftion  (houki  9  -ays  mention 
the  State,  and  genera4!y  the  county  in 
which  the  place  is  fitu*  ed  ^  for  f.itre 
are  places  of  the  fame  iiame  in  feveral 
of  the  States,  and  in  feme  States  places 
of.  the  fame  name  in  different  counties. 
As  in  PennJylvaiiia  there  arc  three  places 
caHed  Hanover }  one  in  York  county 
where  a  poft-office  is  kept,  one  in  Dau- 
phin, and  the  other  in  Luzerne  county. 

When  a  letter  it  deftined  to  a  plaoe 
where  no  poli-office  is  k«pt.  the  nearcft 
puft  office  ihuuld  be  mentioned.    If  tlw 

^laoc 


JCtt. 
It 

Ui 

IS 


he 
'in 
hit 


place  it  not  on  a<poft*r<ad,  and  it  it  wifli- 
•d  chat  the  poft  •  matter  ihould  forward 
the  letter  by  private  conveyaBce^  that  wifli 
fhouki  be  cxpreflcil  on  the  letter,  and  the 
pottage  fliould  be  paid  at  the  office  wiien 
the  letter  is  entered. 

When  letters  are  deftined  for  Canada 
or  14ova- Scotia,  between  which  and  the 
United  States  there  is  a  regular  commu- 
nication by  poA,  the  poilage  mutt  be 
f>aid  in  advance  at  the  office  where  thp 
ietter  it  entered,  Co  far  at  Burlington, 
Vermont,  in  one  inftance,  and  Brewers, 
Maine,  in  the  other  inftance. 

When  letters  are  lent  by  pott  to  be  con* 
veyed  beyond  lea,  the  pottage  muft  be 

Eaid  as  far  as  the  po(t-office  where  the 
;tters  are  intended  to  be  fliipped.  The 
poii.mafter  there  will  forward  fuch  kt> 
ters  by  the  firft  conveyance. 

The  pott-office  does  not  infure  money 
•r  other  things- fent  by  jpoft ;  it  is  alwava 
conveyed  at  the  rifle  or  the  perfon  who 
fends  or  rcq,uires  it  to  be  fent> 

No  ttage  owner,  or  driver,  or  common 
carrier  may  carry  letters  on  z>  pott-road, 
excepting  only  inch  letters  as  may  be 
for  the  owner  of  fuch  conveyance  and  re- 
lating to  the  fame,  or  to  tlie  perfon  to 
whom  any  package  or  bundle  in  fuch 
conveyance  is  addreffed. 

When  letters  are  delivered  by  a  pott- 
rider,  he  is  entitled  to  two  cents  for  each 
letter,  in  addition  to  the  pottage. 
FREE  LETTERS. 

The  following  perfons  have  a  right  to 
frank  their  own  letters,  and  receive  thofe 
dfre^ed  to  them  free  of  poitage :  The 
Prefident    and    Vice-Prelident   of  the 


United  States,  Secretary  of  State,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treafury,  Secretary  at  War» 
Pott.Mafter  General,  Comptroller,  Re- 
gitter  and  Auditor  of  the  Treafury  of 
the  United  States,  Commiffioncr  of  thr 
Revenue,  Purveyor,  Aeconnptaat  of  the 
War- Office,  and  Affiftant  Poft-Maftcr 
General  {  the  Members  of  the  Senat* 
and  Houfe  of  Reprefentatives  of  tk« 
United  States,  and  the  Secretary  of  th» 
Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  Houfe  of  Rehi 
preieotatives,  during  their  a£kual  at- 
tendance on  Congrcfs,  and  twenty  dayt 
after  the  dole  of  the  felTioo,  when  their 
letters  do  not  exceed  two  ounces  i» 
weight,  and  the  Deputy  Poft-Mattera* 
when  their  letters  do  not  exceed  half  a* 
ounce  in  weight.  No  perfon  may  frank 
other  letters  'than  his  own.  If  letters 
are  inclofed  to  either  of  the  defcriptioft 
of  officers  above  named  for  a  perfon  wlw- 
haa  not  the  privilege  of  franking,  h« 
muft  return  the  letter  to  the  poft-offioct 
marking  upon  the  letter  the  place  front 
.  whence  it  came,  that  the  poftmafler  ma/ 
chatige  pottage  thereon. 

Thediftances  in  the  Table  are  tsJceqi 
chiefly  irdm  the  informatics  'j^  *  ongreft, 
and  ot  Pott-Matters  living  n  <outes| 
and  it  is  prefumed  that  tney  41 .  pretty 
generally  accurate. 

ABRAHAM  BRADLEY,  jum. 
Clerk  in  the  General  Pott* 
Office,  Philadelphia. 
Novimber  z,  1796. 


Note.  The  diftances  are  calculated 
by  the  pott  route  on  which  the  mails  ai« 
ufually  carried. 


STATEMENT 


imvetm-mmmmmmmrmK 


■TAtEMENT  OF  THE  CLAIMS  UPON 

THE  GEORGIA  WESTERN  TERRITORY. 


A  SUMMARY  STATEMENT  of  the  Claims  of  the  State  of  Georgia, 
and  of  the  United  States,  to  the  GEORGIA  WESTERN  TERRI. 
TORY  ;  and  of  the  Arguments  adduced  by  the  Purchafcrs  of  a  part  of 
this  Territory,  to  invalidate  thefe  claims ;  particularly  to  fuch  parts  aa 
arc  covered  bv  their  purchafes ;  rollefted  and  ftated  with  impartiality 
firom  various  authentic  printed  manufcript  documents. 

[TbefoUowii^  U  referrtd  to  at  the  chfe  of  the  artirle  Georgia  Weftern  Territoryj 

'which  fee.'\ 

I.  fTPHE  State  of  Georgia  fay,  that  "  the  unappro]^riated  territory,"  ufually 
X  conlidered  as  within  the  limits  of  the  State  of  Georgia,  or  the  traft  of 
country  n»w  diftinguiftird  by  the  name  of  the  Georgia  Weftern  'Territory^  is  their 
property,  and  that  they  have  «  not  only  the  right  of  pre-emption,  but  alio  of  ex- 
celling all  territorial  rights/*  i.  Becaufe,  by  the  2d  and  9th  articles  of  the  con- 
'  "■Motion  of  1781,  the  territory  within  the  limits  of  each  of  the  United  States  is 
cc.:<irmed  and  guaianteed  to  each  of  them  refpe^ively.  %,  Becaufe  the  bounda- 
ries of  Georgia,  as  eftahlilhed  by  the  treaty  of  Paris,  of  1783,  and  by  the  conven- 
tion of  Beaufort  of  17S7,  include  this  territory ;  and  the  6th  artirle  of  the  Federal 
Conftitution,  by  the  fpirit  and  meaning  of  it,  confirms  thefe  limits.  And,  jdfy, 
Becaufe  the  United  States,  by  accepting  a  cefllon  from  N.  Carolina,  of  her  Wfffccn 
Territory.*  T>  his  claim  of  Georgia  the  purchafers  accede;  upon  this  ground 
thefales  were  ma  >  to  the  refpe^live  companies  in  1795,  and  on  this  ground  the 
purchaftrs  refted  rh.  validity  of  their  elaim. 

But  the  Slate  of  Georgia  now  reclaims  that  part  of  her  Weftern  Territory  fold 
according  to  the  aft  of  her  kgiflature,  of  Jan.  7, 1795,  alledging  that  the  aft  au- 
thorifing  the  fale,  is  contrary  to  the  4th  article  of  the  Conftitution  of  the  United 
States)  repugnant  to  the  i6th  and  t7;h  feftions  of  the  firft  article  of  the  conftitu- 
tion of  Georgia,  and  was  moreover  obtained  by  means  of  "  fraud,  atrocious 
fpeculation,  corruption,  and  collufion."  Hence,  by  an  aft  pafTed  Feb.  13,  1796, 
the  above  aft  ot  Jan.  7, 1795,  was  *<  declared  null  and  void,  and  the  grants,  rights, 
ami  claims,  deduced  from  it,  annulled,  and  rendered  void  and  of  no  efteft."f 

In  aofwer  to  the  above  ftated  claim  of  Georgi^i,  it  is  contended  by  the  pur- 
chaiers,  i.  That  the  repealing  law  of  Georgia  is  merely  void,  and  leaves  the  title 
of  the  purchatiers  where  it  found  it.  If  corruption,  they  fay,  did  exift  in  the  legif- 
hture  which  made  the  fale  (wliich  is  however  ftrenuouily  denied)  it  is  very  quef- 
tionable  whether  it  can  ever  be  alleged,  asa  contraft  cannot  be  repealed,  like  other 
a£^«  of  legiflation  }  and  as  the  fupreme  power  of  a  State,  as  fuch,  cannot  be  ac- 
countable to  any  other  conftituted  authority  j  for  that  implies  a  fuperior  tribunal. 
By  this,  however,  is  not  meant  that  the  wrong  done  cannot  be  individually  prole- 
cuted  for  corruption,  though  the  State  may  be  bound  by  the  Tales.  If  the  allega- 
tion were,  fay  they,  that  the  legiAature  were  deceived  by  the  purchafers,  the  grant, 
like  that  of  an  individual,  unfairly  obtained,  would  be  void  on  proof  of  the  fraud  : 
but  for  a  iegiflature  to  allege  its  own  criminality  and  corruption,  to  avoid  its  own 

grant, 

*  Sueharethe  grounds  of  clnim  atledgcd  by  Georgia  to  her  Weftern  Territory,  in  her  K€l 
•f  Jan.  7th,  1 79$.  Othfcr  and  ftronger  ground  Teems  to  have  been  taken  by  the  ^urcluUrs 
•ad  Uicir  agents,  which  will  he  fcen  in  the  fcijuel  of  this  ftiiten.cnt. 
f  AA  of  do.  Feb.  1^,  1796. 


it  I 


(art  of 

UtS  33 

tiality 


ftratit,  it  tmly  novel ;  and,  in  point  of  principle,  there  {«  no  difTerence  betwerti  dir 
fnme  and  a  preceding  Irgiilature.  But  if  corruption  of  this  kind  can  make  void- 
the  grant,  at  lenft  it  ought  to  be  provi  d  }  and  that  too  in  a  court  competent  to 
weigh  the  evidence,  and  decide  on  the  faA  t  in  other  werdi,  it  it  a  judiciary  quef- 
tion,  triable  only  in  a  j«idiciary  court,  and  being  a  queftion  of  fa6l,  muft  be  tried 
by  a  jury.  The  iegiflature,  therefore,  having  no  authority  in  thit  cafe,  thit  es« 
aminatiun  and  decifion  can  be  confiJered  no  othrrvife  than  at  mere  uTurpationr 
and  void.  And  perhaps  in  juftice  to  the  purchafers,  it  ought  to  be  added,  that 
the  depoiitions  taken  by  the  committee  of  the  Iegiflature  (tlioutfh  taken  ix  partt, 
and  under  a  ftrong  bias  of  party)  do  not  contain  much  clear  evidence  of  fraud. 

It  is  alio  faid  by  the  purcliafers  that  even  if  there  had  been  fraud,  and  that  fraud 
might  be  alledged  to  de(troy  the  title  of  the  original  purchufers  who  were  privy  w 
it }  yet  that  innocent  perfons  having  piirchafed,  utterly  unacquainted  with  tlie  fafts^ 
and  living  in  remote  parts  nf  the  United  States,  their  title  could  never  be  contro- 
verted ;  that  it  was  enough  for  them  to  know  that  a  legiflative  aA,  granting  the 
lands,  had  paflfed ;  and  that  they  were  ignorant  of  any  fraudulent  praAices. 

With  regard  to  the  allegation  in  the  rep:aling  a6t  of  Georgia,  that  Tales  wer# 
•gainft  the  conftitution  of  the  United  States,  and  that  of  Georgia,  it  does  nut  ap- 
pear to  have  been  treated  as  having  any  foundation ;  it  has  been  called  a  naked  af- 
i'ertion  without  any  reafoning  to  fupport  it.  It  has  been  faid  that  ev  ry  State  in 
the  Union,  having  unappropriated  lands,  hasdifpofed  of  them  through  themediunt 
of  legiflative  a£^s,  and  their  validity  has  never  been  queftioned  ^  iuuugh  there  is  no 
peculiar  diiference  in  this  relpeft  between  the  conftitution  of  Georglu  and  thofe  of 
the  other  States.  In  ihort,  it  feems  to  be  generally  agreed  amon^  the  informed 
part  of  the  community,  that,  whether  Georgia  had  caufe  of  complaint  on  account 
of  unfairnefs  in  the  fales,  or  not,  the  repealing  law  muft  be  conliercd  as  a  **  con- 
travention of  the  firft  principles  of  natural  juflice  and  policy,"*  and  void, 

II.  The  claim  of  the  United  States  deferves  more  particular  attention.  Various 
grounds  have  been  taken  to  fupport  this.  It  has  been  intimated,  rtther  than  af- 
H-rted,  in  a  Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  State8,f  that  bf 
the  proclamation  of  the  Britifh  King,  of  OSi.  7,  1763,  all  lands  lying  weft  of  the* 
he^dsnbf  the  rivers  which  fa>ll  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  were  taken  from  the  colo- 
nies, and  fo  remained  with  American  Independence,  and  then  became  the  property 
of  the  aggregate  body  politic  of  the  United  States,  as  they  were  not  wuhin  the 
Kmits  of  any  particular  States. 

This,  it  is  faid  by  the  purchafers,  is  bold  ground,  and  it  oppofed  not  only  to 
all  the  meafures  and  opinions  in  Britain  and  America,  while  we  were  colonies,  but 
alfo  to  the  whole  courfe  of  arrangements  fmce  our  independence.  It  prove*  too 
much  to  prove  any  thing.  The  argument  deftroys  itfelr;  for  if  this  be  true,  all 
the  lands  c.ded  to  the  United  States  by  Carolina,  Virginia,  and  every  other  Stat« 
ceding  weftern  lands,  belonged  to  the  United  Scates  witliout  ceifion.  Some  of 
the  beft  counties  of  Virginia  now  belong  to  them ;  the  Conne^icut  Referred  Land, 
is  theirs ;  the  whole  States  of  Kentucky  and  Tenneffee  are  theirs  1  The  confe- 
quences,  fay  they,  are  too  wild  to  fuffer  the  principle  to  be  admitted.  Nor  do  the 
words  of  the  proclamation  warrant  the  conftru£lion.  The  Governors  of  the  coio* 
iiies  are  thereby  only  forbidden,  "Jor  the  prefent,  and  until  the  King's  Jmrtbir 
pteafure  Jbould  be  knowut  to  grant  warrants  of  (urvey,  or  pafs  patents  for  thofe 
Jaiid!>."|  And  the  reafbn  is  given  by  the  Proclamation,  viz.  That  the  fevcral 
tribes  of  Indians  living  under  the  king^s  prote£l:ion,  "  ihould  not  be  molefted  or 
difturbed  in  the  poflldion  of  their  himting  grounds."  Inltead  of  a  permanent  al- 
luurationof  the  boundaries  of  the  colonies,  a  temporary  prohibiticm  to  theGovemora 
to  grant  thoie  weftern  lands,  is  alone  to  he  found  in  the  Proclamation  {  and  the 
ebjefi,  viz.  peace  with,  and  juftice  towards,  the  Indians,  required  no  more.  And 
another  fa£l  i«:ems  to  pitt  this  matter  pa(t  all  dovibt ;  the  boundaries  of  the  colonies, 
as  exprefled  in  the  commiflions  of  the  i'everal  Governort,  were  uniformly  the  fame 
after  the  proclamation  as  before. 

Otberi, 

*  See  "  The  cafe  of  the  Georgia  fales  on  the  Mi(1!i(ipp!»  eonfidered"  hy  Mr.Harges* 
And  Mr.  Hamilton's  opinion  on  thit  cafe,  printed  at  the  c^ofe  of  this  pamphlet* 
f  Sec  this  printed  report.  |  See  the  proclamation. 


•■npHtiHim" 


111 


r  «H  1 

OtlMn»  in  rupport«f  the  claim  of  the  United  Statei,  tiare  Aitd,  tfiat  tht  eriffinsA 
diarter  of  Georgia  did  not  inrlude  the  lands  lying  fouth  of  a  line  projeAea  due 
iweft  tram  the  head  of  the  moft  fouthern  ftream  of  the  Aiatamaha  river  t— that  thia 
ftmuD  it  the  Oakmiilgce  river,  and  that  its  moft  fouthern  head  ii  probably  about 
^**  '33*  30»  N.  It  ii  further  faid,  that  no  t&  of  the  Britifli  government  ever  enlarged 
the  colony  beyond  it«  original  chartered  limits,  except  the  Proclamation  of  7th  Oa. 
S76}|  and  that  this  annexes  the  lands  berwcen  Aiatamaha  and  St  Mary,  no  fur- 
ther weft  than  fheir  heads  }■— therefore  it  is  concluded  that  the  whole  weftern  coun- 
tiy  claimed  by  Georgia,  except  fo  much  thereof  as  lies  north  of  a  due  weft  line  fiom 
the  head  of  the  Oakmulg^e,  never  was  v/ithin  the  colony  of  Georgia. 
'  To  this  it  is  anfwercd,  by  the  advocates  for  the  title  of  Georgia,  that  thechar- 
■*  of  Carolina,  granted  in  1662,  extended  that  country  as  far  fouth  as  the  )ift  de  • 
[ceof  N.  lat.  and  as  far  weft  as  the  Wtftern  Ocean.  That  after  the  diviiion  of  Caro- 
na  into  two  colonies,  S,  Carolina  had  the  fame  fouthern  and  weftem  limits.— 
That  the  furrender  of  the  charter  by  the  proprietors  of  Carolina,  only  reftored  the 
fnpertv  to  the  crown,  but  did  not  annihilate  the  colony,  which  is  evidtnt  from  a 
K>yal  Governor  being  immediately  appointed,  who,  by  his  commiflion,  is  made 
**  Governor  of  our  colony  of  S.  C'trolina,"  without  any  fpecific  boundaries ;  which 
ineKnt  a  trafl  of  country  bounded  as  under  the  proprietary  government,  or  it  meant 
itothinB.->-Thav  on  the  9th  of  June,  173a,  the  colony  of  Georgia  was  carved  out 
•f  S.  Ourolina)  but  all  lands  lielonging  to  S.  Carolina,  Aiall  continue  to  belong 
there,  except  that  which  was  contained  in  the  charter  of  Georgia }  and  of  cuuile 
the  land  lying  fouth  of  the  fouth  line  of  Georgia,  at,  far  as  the  31ft  degree  of  lat. 
ilill  belonged  to  S.  Carolina,  which  is  evident  from  common  fenfc,  as  well  as  from 
the  fa£l  that  the  Governor  of  S.  Carolina  made  grants  of  lands  foutli  of  the  colony 
•f  Georgia  in  1763  ^  which,  though  highly  oifenfive  to  the  boa'-d  of  trade,  wer* 
at  length  admitted  to  be  legitimate.  It  is  further  faid,  that  the  Stnte  of  3.  Caro- 
lina, in  1788,  by  folenin  legiflative  aft,  ceded  to  Georgia  all  her  right  to  the  lands 
in  queftion,  by  ratifying  the  article!)  of  the  Convention  of  Beaufurt,  agreed  upon 
"between  the  States  ol  S.  Carolina  and  Georgia;  and  that  the  lands  became  thereby 
Wiqueftiooably  the  pi'operty  of  Georgia. 

Other  anfwiL'is  have  Veen  made  to  this  ground  of  claim  by  the  United  States ; 
ibch  as  that  the  true  intent  and  meaning  ot  the  Proclamation  of  1763,  was  to  an- 
nex the  land  in  queftion  to  Georgia,  and  that  this  v  :,9  confidered  as  the  faiSl  by  the 
JBritifli  government;  and  if  the  communication  fronn  Mr.  George  Chalmers,  the 
certifying  officer  of  the  board  of  trade,  to  the  Attorney-Genera!  of  the  United 
States,  is  to  be  relied  on  as  an  authority,  this  is  true.  It  has  aifo  been  anfwered, 
that  the  Oakraulgee  is  not  the  moll  fouthern  ftream  of  the  Aiatamaha,  but  Phen- 
halloway's  Creek,  which  heads  in  lat.  31  nprth  ;*  fo  that  the  whole  of  this  iand 
was  ftric)ly  within  the  original  chartered  limits  of  Georgia. 

Other  advocates  for  the  claim  of  the  United  States,  have  faid,  that  at  leaft  this 
claim  it  good  from  the  31(1  degree  of  lat.  as  far  north  as  a  line  projeAcd  due  eaft 
from  the  confluence  of  the  Miihfippi  and  Vazoo  rivers. 

The  foundation  of  this  aflertion  is  tliis.  The  board  of  trside,  in  1764,  repre- 
fented  to  the  king,  that  it  was  expedient  to  extend  Weft- Florida  as  far  northward 
ns  the  above-mentioned  line,  and  adviud  that  a  proclamation  might  ilTue  for  that 
purpoie.  No  fuch  proclamation  however,  was  made;  but  fevers!  fubfeqiient  corn* 
mittions  to  the  Governors  of  Weft  Florida,  bounded  the  colony  of  Weft  Florida, 
uonliwanl  by  that  line;  and  in  vhis  (late  the  matter  rtfted  until  the  independence 
of  the  United  States.  Hence  it  is  argued  tliat  this  land,  being  a  part  of  Wtft- 
Florida  in  1783,  when  the  bounds  of  the  Unired  States  were  fettled  by  treaty  with 
Great>Bri;ain,  couKl  not  belong  to  Georgia;  but  being  within  no  particular  State* 
it  became  the  property  of  the  United  States. 

To  this  the  purcalers  have  aniwered.  That  the  proclamation  of  7th  of  Oftrber, 
J 763,  was  a  folemn  public  atl,  and  eflabliftied  the  loutheni  boundary  of  Weft. 

•  It  appears  by  a  manuftrlpt  mnp,  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  at  War,  taken  under  the 
authority  of  the  UnitcJ  States,  th?t  i'henhalloway's  Creek  forks  at  a  fuull  cliftance  from  its 
entrance  into  the  Aiatamaha  :  and  th  it  each  ftreiim  runs  about  thii:y  miles  from  its  head  to 
tJTc  fork,  the  head  of  the  lo«the;n  ilrcam  being  about  the  moft  northerly  part  of  the  jift 
degree  of  Utitudc. 


rrom  a 

made 

Iwliich 


t    ^^5    3 

f  Jvfuhi  at  the  t«  ft  define  of  lit.  ind  that  the  comniiflTton  of  a  Governor/  %king 
inferior  in  folemnity  and  puMicitv,  could  not  abrogate  it.»That  tl)c  rMiibli 
why  no  proclamation  wat  mM\e,  probably  waa,  that  the  luppofeil  faft  on  which  thft 
cxpiediency  of  the  alterarioD  wsh  preJic>i(id,  tut  not  knoyt")  to  exilt)  and  fbM  i« 
the  coinnulfiona  theinfcWet  are  woitit  leading  to  a  belief  that  it  wia  confidrred  onlir 
M  a  temporary  arrangement.  The  fa^l  ia.  fay  they,  that  ihia  ntatter  wat  wh<'"y 
founded  on  a  grols  mifrfprtientationolilia  Governor  ot  Fbrida,  who  reprclentnl 
to  the  board  of  trade,  and  ihey  to  the  kHi|^»  that  the  lift  degree  of  Itt.  ttf/Mb 
of  the  town  of  Mobikle.  It  la  nearly  certain  that  the  Britifli  govcrttment  did  mC 
confider  this  at  a  permuiient  aUeratioti  (xn  the  northern  boundirv  of  W.  Florida  | 
for  no  reafon  can  be  given  why,  in  the  p«-ace  of  1783,  they  l^kotkl  tcdc  tw  tJ* 
CTnited  States,  without  any  equivalent,  fofrcat  and  valuable  a  part  of ,W.  FlorklUt 
which  had  never  Joined  in  the  t  evolution  1  elpecially  oonfidering  that  on  the  Anft 
day  on  which  uurtreaiy  wiili  Biittin  beara  date*  Ate  reded  W.Florida,  withovf: 
txnind*,  to  Spam ;  thuk  on  the  iUmeday  ceding  the  lime  territory  to  two  differed 
nation!!,  if  it  wa«  then  a  part  of  W.  Florida.  i 

Other  objr-Aiont  have  been  tuged  againll  the  claim  of  the  United  St«tee»  which 
apply  to  all  the  grotindi  of  claim  above  mentioned.  It  hat  bcnii  Tatd  by  tile  pur» 
cluiiirs  and  ihcir  agents,  th)t  the  moti  lolemn  afili  of  the  tbtx-e  nations  who  fiAvt 
been  imnicdutcly  interelted  in  the  qitcfttun,  have,  for  a  lon<;  courfc  of  ycarst  Nt 
eognized  the  title  of  Georgia,  vz.  Britain,  Spain,  and  the  United  State*. 

Britaint  as  has  been  mentioned,  n^ro^nized  this  title,  bv  the  peace  of  i;^]* 
The  general  principle  on  which  ttie  boundaries  of  the  Uni;ed  Stales  were  thcneftit«> 
'blifht^,  was,  tliat  the  former  thirteen  colonies  were  to  be  acknowledged  a*  Indfe^ 
pendent  States  by  Britain ;  and  confequently  the  bound*  ef  the  colonies  were  to  be 
>the  bounds  of  the  States.  It  cannot  l>e  pretended,  thntthe  laitd  in  queftion  wa4 
within  any  other  .colony  th.-rn  that  of  Georgia  or  South  Carolina)  and|  afe  haa 
been  mentioned,  South-Carolina  has  ceded  all  her  right  to  Georeia  by  the  conveti* 
tion  of  BcMufort,  1737  ;  and  it  is  incredible  that  Britain  Ihoulathen  confidcr  the 
Jnnd  as  p:irt  of  Weft-Florida  {  for  then,  without  motive  or  realon,  (he  gave  to  the 
United  States  the  belt  part  of  a  colony  which  had  cholen  to  remain  UniicL-  her 
allegiance. 

Spmu  has  recognized  the  tit  lie  of  Georgia  by  tlie  late  treaty  made  between  heir 
«nd  die  United  Siates ;  for  if  the  land  was,  in  1781,  a  part  of  Florida,  Spain  had 
an  equal  right  to  it  with  the  United  State*  \  Great-  Britain  having  ceded  it  t«  both 
iiation*  on  the  fame  day.  But  Spain  has  given  up  all  claim  to  the  United  Stiitcl 
without  any  equivalent.  This  was  done  on  the  eKplicit  repreientation  on  the  pctrt 
of  our  government,  Hril  by  NfelTr^.  CarHiichatt  Vft^  ihmrtt  and  afterwards  by  Mi's 
^iHckiteyt  under  exprefa  inftiu^lio.^s  from  the  Supreme  Executive  of  the  United 
States,  toclaint  the  lanJ  as  a-pat^t  ofGeer^ria ;  »nd  thefc  inftruflions  were  tlie  reittit 
ef  an'  elaborate  inquiry  by  Mr.  Jefferfm,  tben  Secreta:  y  of  btate^  as  appears  hf 
•his  report  to  the  Executive  on  the  tubje^L.  Indeed,  Sp:iin  n<^ver  claimed  the  land 
as  a  part  of  Wift-Florida,  but  fet  up  a. frivolous  claim  by  eonqnefi.  And  it  haa 
becu  addedj  that  as  the  ceflion  of  this  country  frorin  Spain  by  tliu  \»r.  treaty,  wat 
obtained  by  a  repiefentation  from  the  United  States*  that  it  wa<  a  part  of  Georgia^ 
Spain  is  not  in  honour  bound  by  this  article  ot  the  treaty,  if  the  fail  was  not  ib^ 
if  the  land  did  indeed  belong  to  her  own  province^f  Welt-Florida. 

The  Govermnent  of  the  United  States,  it  is  iaid,  has  fur  a  long  courfe  of  years 
acquiefced  in,  and  by  many  public  a£ls  acknowledged  the  title  ot  Georgin,  fo  as 
tu  bar  all  claim,  even  if  the  title  of  the  United  States  were  otherwili:  valid.  As  a' 
|>iinciple  to  govern  in  this  cafe  it  ie  ftated,  that  in  courts  of  equity  it  haa  been 
cftablilhedj  *'  that  the  trui:  owner  of  land  (hall  be  hound  by  a  lale  of  a  ftranger 
who  has  no  title,  if  the  owner  fuffer  the  fale  to  go  on  by  an  innocent  purch.T'tr, 
without  giviitg  notice  of  his  title  when  he  has  it  in  his  power  j  and  that  the  cate  ia 
iniuch  ftrongei' againft  the  owner  wiieu  he  has  gi^en  a  colour  of  title  to  the  ieller, 
and  thus  hel|ied  to  deceive  the  purchafer."  As  f.i£)s  falivng  within  this  principle  it 
has  been  ftated,  i..  That  the  goveminent  of  the  United  States  inftru£led  their  com- 
iniHioners  for  making  the  peace  of  17S3,  to  claim  this  land  .as  belonging  to 
£ieorgia>  and  this  appears  by  the  Jonrnils  of  Congrefs,  iii  the  fullett  manner. 

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PhotDgraphic 

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33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MS80 

(716)  872-4503 


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i 


1H,  Thit  attempts  were  made  by  the  United 'Statf  a  to  obtain  a  eeffion  ^  tbit  lani 
fraoiQaorgia,  and  a  confidcration  offered  (or  it,  without  any  intimation  that  th« 
Vniifdfitaflea  had  a  claim.  %.  That  the  coivention  of  Beaufort,  by  which  the 
coaAftinf  chima  of  S.  Carolina  and  Grorgia  were  amicably  fettled,  waa  condu^. 
«d  under  tba  aufnices  of  the  United  States ;  the  qneilion  having  beeq  fobmitted  to 
•  MtMrtapipointtd  byCongrefs  to  try  it,  aecoiding  to  a  provifion  in  the  former 
'iOnfadctaiiOTi  of  the  United  States.  4.  That  i»  1789,  the  government  of  the 
Vlikad  States  feted  to  Spain,  ilx^tbe  gitrand  of  the  claim  of  the  American  govern* 
MMtt^ithat  this  territory  belonged  to  Georgia  by  virtue  ot  hrr  charter  and  the 
vradaMntion  «f  1763.  5.  That  in  the  negociation  which  preceded  the  late  treaty 
Mtwmi  the  United  States  and  Spain,  Meflir*.  CarmkhmasoA  Short,  American 
«MMBiflioHerSj  by  txpreft  inftruftions  from  the  Supreme  Executive  of  the  United 
'fiatia,  aflcrtad  tm  fa>oe  thing  as  the  grouiid  of  the  claim  of  the  American  govern- 
JMiit  {  and  that  even  after  the  exifting  fales  of  this  territory,  and  after  the  fame 
iMd  been  olSeially  communicated  by  the  government  of  Georgia  to  the  Prefxlert  of 
the  United  States,  and  by  him  laid  before  Congrefs,  Mr.  Pitukniy,  our  late  envo^ 
fothe  court  of  Spi^n,  who  nq^ociated  the  late  treaty  exprefsly  declared,  in  kis 
«ileial  cemmnnication,  (bat  the  claim  of  the  United  States  was  founded  on  the 
ftiA,  that  thit  coiintry  was  a  part  of  Gcbi^ia,  and  this  too  purfuant  to  exprefs 
Mfaniftiona  iivm  the  American  Executive. 

Thcle  have  been  urged  as  public  aAs  of  the  American  government,  giving  ftr  ng 
eotour  of  title  to  Georgia.  Others  of  aconiefcence  in  her  title  by  the  United  States 
lislrejbeen  added.  Such  as  the  filence  of  the  general  government  when,  in  1783, 
Georgia  paflcd  a  legiflativc  aft,  declaring  her  title  to  this  countnr,  and  taking 
meafurea  to  fettle  it.  Alfo,  when  in  17S5,  Georgia  erefted  part  of  this  tenrit^ky 
kito  a  cmmty  by  the  name  o(  Botuion,  and  appointed  Magiftrates  there,  and  pro* 
«|ded  for  the  fbrther  lattlement  of  it }  and  alio,  when,  in  1789,  Georgia  pafled  an 
ba  for  the  fide  of  the  now  controverted  lands  to  certain  compianies,  who  after  failed 
•f  complying  with-ttie  terms  of  payment. 

It  has  been  faid,  by  the  pnrchalcrs  and  their  agents.  That  it  would  be  indeli- 
catCr  at  kaft,  for  the  government  of  the  United  States  to  hold  fuch  language  as 
this  t  **  It  is  true,  we  repreiented  to  Great- Britain  that  this  land  belonged  to 
Gcorgiit  and  obtained  a  ceffion  from  her  on  this  ground.— It  is  true,  tluit  we 
claimed  it  of  Spain  on  the  fiune  ground  far  yeiirs  together,  and  at  laft  on  that  ground 
•btaintd  arelinauilhmcntof  her  claim  \  but  we  faifified,  and  they  were  cheated.^— 
It  ia  true,  we  ciaiimcd  it  in  behalf  of  Georgia  $  but  having  obtained  it,  we  will 
keep  it  ourfelvea.—It  is  true,  we  declared  by  many  public  and  folemn  afts,-  that 
tbCthle  of  Georgia  was  good,  and  thereby  induced  a  great  number  of  American 
citi3eiia<ropurchaie  and  rifl-  :A\  their  property  in  the  enterprizej  but  we  will  now 
afliart  oar  claim,  Mtd  deftroy  them  for  being  weak  enough  to  believe  ua:  and  it  is 
ime,  it  has  long  been  fettled,  that  the  principles  of  juiiice  forbid  individuals  from 
doinc  thus  t  but  we  are  above  the  rules  of  joftice." 

'■   The  forcffoing  is  as  clear  md  impartial  a  view  of  the  confliAing  clnms  to  the 
Otargia  W^ftm  ttrritttry^  as  the  author  could  coUeA  from  the  various  documents   \ 
in  his  pofliafion.    Thefe  documents  do  not  furnilh  an  anfwer  to  the  foregoing  rea- 
fiining  agamft  the  claim  of  the  United  States;  nothing,  except  what  has  been  aU 
Icdged,  having  appeared  on  that  fide  of  (he  queftion. 


FACTS 


lit  lani 
h«tth« 
i<h  the 

ittedto 
former 
of  the 


I    fa7    1 
FACTS  AND  CALCULATIONS 

RBSVECTINO    TMl 

POPULATION  AND  TERRITORY 

OF   THE  , 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


ienvoir 
in  his 


SECTION  I. 

OF  THE   POPULATION  OF  THB   VNITBD   tTATCt. 

IT  is  well  known  that,  about  a  century  ago,  the  country  which  now  compofet 
the  United  States  of  America,  contained  but  a  few  thoufand  civilised  inhabi-. 
tants ;  and  that  now,  the  lame  country  contains  four  or  five  millions. 

But  the  caiiles  of  this  vatt  increafe  of  nuoihers  feenci  not  to  'iM  equally  well 
unierftood.  It  is  believed  that  many  perfons  ftiil  fupjtofe  the  population  of  Ailitt> 
rica  to  be  chiefly  indebted  for  its  growth  to  emigrations  from  ocher  conntnc* ) 
and  that  it  mult  become  ftationary  when  they  cealb  to  take  place.  Some  fa£ks 
and  calculations  vyill  be  here  let  down,  to  afcertaun  the  ratio  of  the  natural 
increafe  of  tlie  inhabitants  of  America,  and  to  Aew  that  the  great  progrefs  of 
wealth  and  population  in  that  coimtry  is  chiefly  .derived  from  intetiui^  caiil'es,  and 
of  xourfe,  lei's  liable  to  interruption  from  withoi^t. 

The  higheft  eiiimate  that  is  recolle6ied  of  the  number  of  inhabitants  removing 
to  America  in  any  one  year,  fuppoie^  the  number  to  be  10,000  (i).  If  tlw  fame 
number  had  removed  every  year  fince  the  firft  fettlemcnt  of  the  country,  it  would 
make  the  whole  about  1,600,000.  But  it  is  to  be  remarked  that  this  cftimate 
was  made  for  a  p'eridd  when  emigrations  werp  unufually  numerous^^that  during 
the  many  years  of  war  winch  have  taken  place,  they  have  been  veiy  few ;  and 
that  in  former  years,  wlien  the  number  of  emigrants  was  complained  of  4<f  ^1* 
tvilt  it  was  not  reckoned  lb  high  {i).  \Ve  may  therefore  fuppofe  that  5,000 
perfons  per  annum  is  a  liberal  <iliow»nce  for  the  average  number  ot  perlbns  remov- 
ing to  America  fince  its  firll  iettlement.  This,  in  the  year  1790,  would  amount 
to  800,000  perfons. 

At  the  end  of  1790,  and  beginning  of  1791,  there  were  enumerated  in  the 
General  Cenfus,  the  number  of  31993141a  inhabitants  (3).  A>.  fome  places 
were  not  enumerated  at  all,  and  fi-om  others  no  return  was  made,  there  can  be 
little  doubt  but  the  a61ual  mimber  then  was  ibmething  more  than  4.,ooo,ooo. 
Suppofing  them  to  have  increafed,  fd  as  to  double  their  numbers  onCe  in  twenty 
years— then,  in  the  feveral  preceding  periods  of  twenty  years,  fince  the  year 
1630,  the  numbers  would  (land  thus  :<mm 


At  the  end  of  1790 

-   1770 

1750 

»730 
1710 


■^  4,000,000 

—  2,i000,009 
■-    1,000,000 

—  500,000 

—  » 50,000 


At  the  end  of  1690  '— —  115,000 
1*70  — -    6z,5oo 

1650  3it>50 

1630         ■     15,6x5 


— -htit  as  this  lall  date  reaches  back  to  the  infancy  of  the  firft  fettlements  in  North 
America,'  it  can  hardly  be  iuppoi'ed  that  they  contained  fo  many  as  1 5,000  inha- 


(i)  Cooper's  Inform. 


{z)  Duuglas'6  Summary,  Vol.  II.  p.  346. 
{3)  See  theCenfus  of  1791.   ' 
R  r  1 


bitantv. 


In 


ticmt»k  It  followst  Hiettibrei  thu  they  nraft  have  doubled  tliair  mmBera  ofttmer 
than  once  in  twenty  years ;  that  it,  that  they  mu(t  have  inereafcd  falter  thin  at 
the  rate  of  5  per  cent,  compounding  the  increafe  with  the  principal  at  the  end  of 
everv  twenty  ^'^MY.* 

To  deteitnine  how.  Far  thil  ratio  of  increafe  is  jnftSfled'  by  other  ft£t«,  fome  pain* 
have  been  taken  to  afcertaln  and  compare  the  number  of  inhabitants  at  four  dif- 
ferent periods,  viz.  I75o^  1774,  1782,  and  rj^f-  The  following  cftimate  has 
been  formed  <  f  thofe  mintieri  9b«uit  the  year  ijsoi. 

(i^- 175 If  Maflachufetts  contained         —  •— — <  soo,ooa'' 

Cmmefticut,  — —  — —  ■"  ioo,ooa 

4«)  llhodfc  fflandv         — »*-r  —  •«—  soiOOO' 

New  Httmpfliitt,        ___  ii  '  '">'  '■  a4,ooo. 

(3)  In  1756,  one  account  fays  New  York  contained  — >    ioo«t}oo 

(4.)  Another,        -i—  -   ■"  —  — —        96,775 

In  1750,  Aippofe  thereibre  it  contained       — —         —  90,00* 

In  1745,  New  Jerfey  cMitainqd        -^—  .  — —        6i»403 

In  1750,  fuppofe  therefore        — —  —  — —  ddtoo*' 

Js)  In  i7lto,  inPevtigrlvamatheTaxableswere    -*->^     tf,Mj 

In  1793,  Ditto        9»i»Z7/ 

By  a  conjeAural  nropwtion,  therefore,  the  number  of  Tax<f 
ibies  in  1791  muft  nave  been  about  86,000.  Then  as  8S,ooo 
U  to  434*373  (the  number  of  inhabitants  in  179O  ib  is  3 1,^167 
to  15^9,945,  the  number  of  17^0,  which  fubftia^ed  from  the 
Cenfiis  of  1 79 1,'  gives  an  increafe  of  «74,4£8  for  thirty  years,  l 

of^hich  one-third  part,  or  91,379  is  the  mean  increafe  for  ten 
years  ;  but  fuppoiing  the  increafe  for  the  ten  years  previous  to, 
1760,  to  have  been  but  70,006,  there  will  retrain  for  the  whole 
i)umber  in  1750,  — < —  S^t94S, 

Delaware. — Suppofe  in  the  fiune  proportion  to  ita  prefent 
numbers  as  Pennsylvania,  — —  ■■  it^ftt^ 

(;6)  1751,  or  175a,  in  Maryland  the  Taxables  were    —    40,pott 
Taxables  areunderftoodto  be  all  white  men  above  i<6  years 
of  age,  and  idl  black  peribns  from  16  to  6o^~fay  theii< 
that  to  every 

joo  white  malei  above  16,  there  are. 
xoo  ditto  below  ditto,  and 
soo  white.femaies  of  all  ag«—      * 
.  aoo  blacks  from  i  C  to  60  j  and. 
too'  of  all  other  ages  1 

(7)  Total       !ioo  of  which  300  are  Taxables ;  then,  a* 

300  is  to  Soo,  (o  is  4p,00Q  to  " ■     106,6166 

fiut  as  in  tliofe  States  the  number  of  blacks  is  to  that  of 
whites  only  as.  10  to  11,  dedufl  tht-refore  i-szi'  part  of 
this  number  — —  ■"»  — —       4*i*i 


(8)  1750  in  Virginia,  TytHeables  were    —  — •      100,000 

Then  by  the  fame  rule  as  before,  as  300  is  to  800,  ib  is 

— -      a66,666> 

~  1 2^1 11 


IW.S45< 


IOQ,00O  to  — r—  ■    I 

!I>edu&  in  the  Ame  proportion  as. foil  Maryland. 


«S+.5*5 


Carvied-over    969,259; 


(1)  Doug.  Sum.  Vol.  II.  p.  186 — Smith'^  WXtt  of  New  York,  p.  %%$..    M  Morfe'» 
Otog.  tap,  that  in  1748  Rhode  Ifland  contained  34>i28.    (3)  Smith,  p.  225.    (4)  Morfc's 
Ccog.      (OCoxc's  View,  p.  481.      (6)  Douftliiii,  Vol.  li.  p.  363,     (7)  Jcfferfpr,p.  129, 
CSWefferfolv'c  Kotes,  p.  i'22. 

The. 


,0 

Brought  over 
tht  numbers  of  the  foUewIiig  States  muft  be  fupplial 
iQ  •  gvrat  neaCtwe*  firoro  cmi^Aure  i 

1 710,  In  North  Carolina,  the  whole  number  of 
mhabitantB        —        -i.  —        —      .*. 
17  ^,  Supu^e  oBf  .chml  of  the  incrcafe  fece  tf  90 
South  CaroVuia. — Suppofe  in  the  fame  ratio  to  ita 

prefent  numbers  a*  North  Carolina 
Georgia. — The  fettknient  of  it  th«t»  but  lately 
coanaeiteed:  iuppofeithad 


•^       0f>«5f 


—         tty,Mm 


—         .^  .      mm.    Jbjoeo 


""•  ""•  ■       *••         *"**■    W9i0O& 


About  1750.— -Total  of  inhabrtantata  the  Tbirtecn-CaioiMC*  -^^  >>'75b*l9 
1790.-— Whole  nQiBb«:r  IB  the  Thirteen  States  —  —  4,0O(^e«» 
Being  about  j.^-to  times  the  number  of  Y750.  if  this  increaic  be  eomfMMiid  m 
the  manner  of  Ample  hitereA».tt  affbrda  a  ratio  of  $,^9,  or  very  nearly  fiy  ser  cent, 
or  in  the  manner  of  compound  intereft  of  between  three  and  direc  and  a  naif  yier 
cent.  Any  numbec  increafed  in  the  compound'  ratio  of  riiree  per  cent,  per  an- 
num, is  doubled  in  about  twenty-three  years  and  a:  half,,  and'  at  three  ^nd  a  half 
per  cent,  in  about  twenty  years {.  that  is,  it  is  e^'al  to&ve  per «<Dt» fimpltfincrcale 
for  the  fame  period. 

The  next  period  which  will  be  adverted  to^  is  the  year  1774* 

An  able  and  ingenious  author  (i)  who  was  very  thoroughly  converfimt  iff  Cel»> 
nial  Affairs,  fuppofes,  that  at  that  time,  the  whole  nmnber  of  Cokniftst  cou^d^  Mt 
oxceed  s,r4.f  ,307.  The  difference  betwee» this  number  and  that  of  i7'so,  gi^ct 
a  compound  increafe  of  hardLy  three  per  cent,  while  the  fobfeqtKMt  rario,  Wjf  td 
^790,  is  more  than  four  per  cent»  per  annum.  Thefs  di&reM  rate*  of  tnciiral«>«, 
while  they  confirm  the  general  principles  here  contended  for,  nuty  lead' Jo  a  fufpl 
cion  that  Governor  Pownal'a  calculation  is  too  low),  or  what  pe«telps<  is-  Aort  pco 
bable^  that  the  foregoing  tftimate  for  1750  is-  foniewbat  too  high. 

In  1782,  a  return  was>  made  to  Cmigrefsof  the  inhabitanta^tn  the 
fisvei'al  States  y  by  which  there  appearra  to  be 

This  return  was  then  believed  to  be  accurate,.  £or  it  was  made  the 
rule  for  tlie  aileflhient  of  pubUe  burthens  among  the  States'.  But  ut 
X784,  the  accuracy  of  it  wa»  attacked  by  Lord  Sheffield,  (i^wbo  af-  < 

firmed  it  was  too  great.     If  it  was  in  faA  as  much  too  great  as  he 
fuppoled^  then  the  increafe  of  numbers  from  that  time  to  179P  muH 
have  exceeded  all  credibility.    But  allowing  it  to  hare  been  accurate,, 
iiie  difference  between  the  number  of        —        Z790        —        —    4,000,0001 
And  this  number  of       —         —  jyla        —        — •    **ii$i^yt<y 

Is  —  —  — .—  ,,-.  ..  ^r.  '  —         j,6i9»7«o 

From  this  dedu61  for  emigrants,  viz.  ' 

io,coo.  emigrants  per  annum,  for  nine  years.  — >      9e>oo» 

Increale  of  ditto  at  five  per  cent,  tor  four  years  and 
one  half           —            —           *f~ 


ipco- 


—         >i$Sf>SM 


—      20^050 


iio,a5» 


Natural  increafe  in  nine  years  .»■       ^.         —         — >    1,500,4501 

Which  calculated  upon  the  number  of  inhabitants  returned  in,  i7Sa,  gives  the 
aftonifliing  natui'al  tnci-eaf'e  of  6.97,  or  very  nearly  feven'per  cent,  per  annum. 

From  tTieTt  flatements  compared  with  each  other,  it  appears  that  in  the  yeat 
T790,  tiie  a6lual  increafe  of  inhabitants  in  the  United  States,  beyond  the  number 
ever  iniporttd,  muft  iiave  been  3,200 tooo,  or  after  the  muCt  liberal  allowances,  at 
leaft  three  millions.  That  the  whole  rate  of  increale  upvn  the  numbers  at  any> 
l^iven  period  has  be.-n  more  than  five  percent,  and  deducing  for  emisrrations,  that 
It  has  been  equal  to  about  five  per  cent,  for  any  twenty  ytars  Aicctirively,  or  three 
and  a  half  per  cent,  compound  increafe  tor  any  perioil  that  has  yctelaplsj. 


(1)  Petvnal't  ^emorhl,  p.  6t,  (a)  Obfervadons,  ftc.p.  139, 


^Ut 


■    % 

'    But  k  mav  he  expeAed»  that  no  inference  as  to  the  future  population  ofAmcm 
rica  can  be  oerived  irom  thefe  fafta»  bccaafe  as  the  country  hccomes  more  thickly 
ftttled,  the  increafe  will  be  flower.    We  have  an  opportunity  of  examining  what 
weight  the  objeAion  poflefles. 

The  Eaftem  States  are  the  moft  thickly  inhabited.    The  mater  part  of  the 
cnngraiions  tram  them,  have  been  either  to  other  State*  in  New  England,  or  to 
the'State  of  New  York. 

r       In  1750,  Nevir  England  and  New  York  together  contained  444,000 

In  1790,  Ditto       —  —        —        —         —         —    i,34S,94s 

Having  more  than  trebled  their  numbers  in  40  years,  and  increafed,  during  all 
that  period,  at  the  rate  of  more  than  five  per  cent  upon  their  original  number  i 
wid  in  the  compound  ratio  of  nearly  three  per  cent.  And  as  many  more  perfens 
have  emigrated  from  thefe  States  than  have  come  into  them  from  abroad,  all  this, 
iudfimithing  Mtre,  is  their  nutui-al  increafe. 

In  1750,  MafTachufetts  contained  thirty-two  perfons,  and  in 
1790^  about  Hxtyperfons  to  each  fquare  mile. 
,  In  1750,  Connefticut  contained  twenty  perfons,  and  in 
1790,  about  fifty  perfons  to  the  fqiiare  mile. 
yfi),,      In  1750,  Rhode  Ifland  contained  about  twenty.tbree,  and  in 

1790,  about  fifty-two  inhabitants  per  i'quare  mile }  fo  that  befides  the 
numdrous  emigrants  thefe  States  have  fent  forth,  they  liave  more  than  doubled 
their  numbers  in  toity  years,  and  nearly  trebled  them  fince  they  contained 
twenty  perfiins  to  each  fquare  mile* 

,  (1)  Mr*  Jefferfon  has  taken  fome  pains  to  prove  that  the  inhabitants  of  Virginia 

slouble  their  numbers  once  in  twenty^feven  years  and  a  quarter.    He  aifo  proves^ 

|>y  an  ingenious  calculation,  that  ' 

.  (a)  In  1782,  the  numbers  in  Virginia  were         — '  •—  567,614 

In  1790,  the  fame  country  (part  of  which  made  the  State  of 

Kentucky)  contained        —        __        —  »«  -^    8x1,187 

Giving  an  increafe  of  ^-fy^t  or  very  nearly  five  per  cent,  and  doubling  their 
numbers,  not  in  twenty-feven  years  and  a  quarter,  as  Mr.  Jefferfon  endeavoured  , 
to  prove,  but  in  lefsthan  twenty  oiie  }'ears. 

Virginia  (-exclufive  of  Kentucky)  added  about  i8o,coo  to  its  numbers,  be- 
tween 1781  and  1790,  the  period  when  the  numerous  emigrations  to  Kentucky 
cauled  fo  great  a  drain  upon  its  population. 

(])  In  1780,  the  number  or  Militia,  weft  of  Blue  Ridge,  in  Virginia,  was 
11,440,  which,  multiplied  by  four,  gives  for  the  number  of  in- 
habitants •-i-_i_  —  —  —  —  -_  —  45,760 
'  In  1790,  the  fame  county-contained  '—  —  ■  —  —  151,135 
Thofe  counties  having  nJore  than  tiebled  their  numbers  in  ten  years. 
•■-  It  is  to  be  obferved  that  thefe  fa'^s  (and  many  more  of  a  fimilur  tendency  might 
be  adduced)  are  drawn  from  the  fonner  and  Itaft  prolperous  Hate  of  America, 
and  front  periods  which  were  either  abfolutely  thofe  ot  public  calamity,  or,  at 
heft,  were  not  thofe  of  national  profperity ;  yet,-  it  is  apprehended,  they  fufli- 
ciently  prove  that  the  inhabitants  of  tl-.e  United  States  increafe  at  leaft  as  faft  as 
at  the  compound  ratio  of  three  and  a  half  pvr  cent. ;  that  fliould  foixigners  cealie 
to  remove  there,  i^  ould  not  prevent  more  than  one-fifteenth,  or  one-twenttejth  of 
this  in-:reafe ;  and  tnat  there  are  as  yet  no  fymptoms  of  this  rate  of  increafe  being 
at  aU  diminiihed  by  the  crowded  population  ct  the  country.  The  United 'States 
muft  contain  18,000,000  of  people  to  equal  "he  average  of  New  England,  and 
55,000,000  to  equal  the  rate  df  population  in  Maflachufetts  and  Connt£licut. 

The  caufes  of  this  great  increafe  of  population,  fo  peculiar  to  Ameriica,  might 
b*  readily  and  fatista^lorily  explained,  by  a  review  or  the  ftate  of  manners,  Ib- 
ciety,  property,  and  government  in  that  country.<.-The  diicufiion  would,  how* 
ever,  be  too  long,  and  is  therefore  foreborn. 


(1)  Jfffcrfoa's  Notes,  p.  1*3.  (l)  lb,  p.  128.  (3)  lb.  131. 

Caicu!a!iottt 


-*• 


CakuJations  of  the  frefent  Nitmher  tf  Jnhahitants  in  thl 

United  States, 

At  thecmlof  tbeyear  1790       —       —        —       —    4,000,000 
Incicafe- 1  yMu:  at  3i  per  cent.        —       «-       •.         —       i4o,ooo 


«79« 
IvcvaXc  I  year  at  %\  per  cent. 


—  -r       —    4,140,009 

—  —        —        i4««90« 


i79« 
Increafe  1  year  at  3^  per  cent. 


—  4»»«4.90o 

—  »49»97« 


1793  _  —        _     ,  —  4}4S4i*7l 
Increafe  I  year  3{  per  cent.  —  —  —  —  155*110 

1794  —  —         —  — .  4,589,981 
lacreafe  I  year  3 f  percent.  —  —       —  — '  '    f 60,649 

1795  —  —  —  —  4*750*630 
Increafe  I  y-ar  3I  per  cent.  —  _       —  —  166,17ft 

1796  —  —       —  —  4,916,80* 
Increafe  i  year  3I  per  cent.  —  —  —  —  i7s,oSS 

1797  —  —        —  —  5jo88,S9« 


SECTION  II. 


OF  THB  TERRITORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

TT  appears  from  the  ftatements  in  Sec.  I.  that  the  increafe  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  United  States,  is  in  the  compound  ratio  of  about  three  and  a.  half  per  cent. 
and  that  at  the  end  of  the  year  1 797*  their  number  is  about        —        5,088,890 

The  territory  of  the  United  Ctates  has  been  ui'ually  reckoned  after 
Mr.  Hut  chins,  as  equal  to  a  tra£l  of  one  thoufand  miles  fquare.  This 
computation,  though  probably  too  large,  will  be  followed. 

It  gives  in  acres       —        —       —        —         __         640,000,000 
From  which,  deduA  for  water        —      —       —        <^    51,000,000 


And  there  remains  of  land        —        — 
Of  this  quantity  it  is  V,x  own  that  about 


589,000,000 
xio,ooo,ooo 


are  contained  in  the  tei'rltovy  north  weft  of  the  river  Ohio,  and  is 
nearly  all  of  it  uninhabited.- -Of  the        —   —        —        —     369,000,000 
which  remain,  it  is  difficult  to  form  any  juft  eftimate  as  to  the  pro- 
portion of  the  inhabited  and  appropriated  parrs,  to  tiiofe  which  are 
not  fo. 

It  is,  however,  thought  reafonable  to  fuppofe  that,  in  Ameriea, 
whenever  any  part  of  the  country  has  acquired  a  population  of 
about  twenty  perfons  to  the  fquare  mile,  or  1 50  or  100  acres  to  a 
family,  that  then,  the  land  muft  there  have  acquired  nearly  the 
average  price  of  cultivated  land,  and  the  furplus  population  will 
incline  to  emigrate.  AfTuming  this  as  a  rule,  the  lands  in  the 
United  States,  fo  occupied,  would  in  1796  be        •—  —  i  $7,337,664 


Remains 


aji,66i,3}6 
agre^t 


''■" '  'fflTBr'iffffU'iwpi 


.  I    6li    1  ^ 

Brought  ofrer    •—    tii,<$i,3}« 
Igmtpwtttf  wbiclrit»  hi  faA,  InbaMted  in  fome  i^rtM,  the 
nfniindJr  ife  &,mtAhy  Statet  and  indtviduaJii  and  niuch  of  it  not 
|b  lor  Ale*,  Add  for  the  north-wefticnkoiy*         -*  —  sio,ooO(Ooo 

LintU  of  alliclndt  yet  to  be  fettled       .«       «.       —    '  4-3i>6£«y33( 

TiM  increafeof  the  population  of  the  United  States,  cklculated  upon  the  prin- 

^plpdMiiiihed  ia  Sec.  I.  will,  if  applied  to  the  fettlennent  of  new  lands,  at  the 

ttU)(if$ltrtnty  pterfonf  to  cach.fquare  mile,  or  thirty- tvyo^cres  each  perfon^  occupy 

<N'lMMlk  of  the  United  States  in  the  proportion,  and  at  the  peiibJstoHowtng,  viz. 


r**!'    Wt^ 


Year. 


Number  of  in- 
habitants. 


Acres  of  land  occu- 
pied by  the  increafe. 


I79« 
«  Y«ar*«  jncreal'e 

..         •797 
iodo* 

ito7 
•e  iio. 

«8i7 
•edo. 

1827 
7  do. 
About  1834. 


4,916,80s 
5,08^,890 

7»» 78,381 
io,i>5,8s4 
»4.*83,46i 

«  8,406,1 50 


5,506,816 
66,<63,7fz 

94»8«7.85^ 
>  3  3.0441704 
«3*»9»9»a4* 


Acres  of  land  toiaain-< 
iiig  unoccupied. 


431,661,336 
4»6>»5S»S*? 

ll nil 

359»*9»»>«* 
•64.973.9S* 


1 31, 9x9,148 

■  I        n 

000,000,009 


w 


SECTION  III. 


<OT  THE  VAltTEOF  LANDS. 


IT  has  ufually  been  fuppoftd,  that  the  great  rile  which  bis  taken  fl|aee  in  fhe 
^rthie  of  American  lands,  has  been  prodnceit  by  caprice  or  accident,  and  ngi  |ic- 
irived  from  any  fa^A  and  certain  fourccs  of  profit ;  but  it  r  .dllowedj  that  thii  rife 
in  their  value  hak  been  conftant,  and  very  gre;)».  -"er  ('.ice  the  firft  fettlemefif  ofv 
the  Cdonits,  and  during  periods  which  were  very  far  rrom  being  thofe  of  piiblic 
jprofptrity.  Without  taking  advantage,  however,  of  the  ptvfent  favourable  ftate 
•of  public  aifiiirs,  it  will  be  attempted  to  fliew,  by  fa6ts,  and  calctilatione  drawn 
from  the  former,  and  leaft  profiKrcus  ({ate  of  the  coimtry,  thnt  the  great  incrrtft 
iff  the  vnhic  of  lands  is  derived  from  fixed  and  neceflhr)'  chufes  exiSiqg  in  the 
«oimtry,  and  is,  in  a  great  tneafui'e,  lubjcil  to  fti-tA>calciilatien. 

The  following  calcolation  is  fouiKled  upon  thefe  principles,  viz. 
%ft.  It  is  foppoled  to  be  proved  in  Sec.  I.  that  the  inhabitants  of  the*  United 

States  incr«rfe  in  the-compoimd  ratio  of  three  and  a  half  percent. 
sii  It  appears  from  the  fame  ^e^ion,  that  at  the  end  of  the  year  1796,  the  nimi- 

bcr  of  inhabitants  in  the  United  States,  is  about  4,916,801. 
3d.  It  appears  fh)m  the  Itatements  in  Sec.  II.  that  the  quantity  of  vacant  iandi 

in  the  United  States  is  about  431, 662, 336  acres. 
4th.  Of  confe^uence,  there  are,  in  the  United  States,  3439  pcribns  to  eack 

100,000  acres  of  new  lands.  .  ":'.''" 

5th.  It  is  fuppofcd  that  newkn3a,<oli  an  average,  are  Vrorth  one  dollar  per  amj 

and  that  iands  inhaUted  at  the  rate  of  twenty  perfons  to  the  fquare  mile,  ar^ 

woiih  fourteen  dcdlars,  or  three  guineas  per  acre. 

The  fo^owing  ftatement,  therefore,  (hews  the  increaitng  value  of  any  ioo,odd 
acres  (taken  equal  to  the  avei-age)  upon  the  principle  .that  the  increafe  of  1139 
f>errons  may  be  anplied  to  the  fettlement  of  it,-and  that  as  much  land  as  they  fer- 
ine, at  I^XSte  oi  twenty  perfbna  to  the  lijiwc  oaile,  is  worth  fourteen  dollars  per 
•crei 


■Tear 


t    63i    i 


nam-. 


w 


^Uli. 


Increafe 


Year. 


End  of  1796 
Increare 


Increafe 


>797 


Numl^er 

of  iniuibi- 

tanta. 


LMida  Ann. 

xkicuttied  Iw 

th*  increafe 

of  inhabi> 

tmta. 


Increafe 


1798 


Increafe 


1799 


Increafe 


1800 


1801 


Increafe 


1802 


Increaft 


1803 


Increafe 


1804 


Increafe 


iJlOf 


Increafe 


t8o6 


1807 
x8o8 
1809 
1810 
1815 
1820 
1825 
1830 
*M4- 


1139 

40 

«»79 

1226 
4» 

itf.t 
44- 

1306 
46 

«35» 

47 

1399 
49 

1448 

it 

H99 
S» 

»55» 
54 

1605 
55 


i66x 
1719 

»779 
184.1 

2186 

2596 

30S3 

3661 

4*55 


Aereh. 

1280 

131a 

»344 
14Q8 
14.72 
150+ 
1568 
1^31 
1664 
17x8 
179* 


1856 
1920 
1984 
11,040 
13,120 
15.584 
»8,7»4 
19,008 


Value  of 

looioeo  Acrw 

each  year. 


Doilari. 

100,000 

16,640 

X  16,640 
17,056 

133,696 

»7f47» 

I5i<i68 
18,304 

» 69,47a 
19,136 

188,608 
;9.55* 

208,160 
20,384 

228,544 
ai,2i6 

449,760 
21,632 

a7»»39» 
»»,464 

295,856 
«3»«96 

3i7.»5» 

341,280 
366,240 
392,030 

535.550 

706,110 

908,702 

1,152,894 

1,400,000 


Value  per 

Oot»j 

Cri. 

1 

00 

I 

s« 

1 

33 

..,'.  I 

51 

■'.'  I 

69 

i 

88 

% 

08 

%     28 


;*-;-49 


*       7» 


*   93 


•"',3r''*7 

3  4< 

3  :d6 

3  9* 

S  35 

7  06 

9  08 

II  52 

14  o 


ThtjGMiit^^ 
insemiiy. 


1.    a.    d. 
o      4   f 

069} 
o  y  4i 
085} 

o  10  3 

o  XI  a| 

o  12  a^ 

o  13  s| 

o    1^    si 

a    17    7I 

040 

11x9 

2  o     8} 

"'  t'     X2    XO 

3  30 


S» 


tt 


immmtm 


MM 


U  4 


V' 


{■■    « 


■■•"■■*      .■••■§  iii  i-^     ■    :-'^'v  ^.    % 

•r  «Nr  ftrtkidM^OiA  «f  land  wt|l  |«  Ulte,«^fM|i|irf^  Iq 

lac  ft  U  iiiteiidrd  to  fkmt  that  th«  liNMaic  m  tlie  v;»lui  of  AlM^^b%ls  ito 

'  }a  Stf  oMnrci  like  tm  ^kmfmtiiiimif.0tA  tlMi.#mlnf  tMlf^liScn^ 

.^ffill^of^iiteMidaliifl^iSltj^^^^^  gi&tl)  rile  S 

'  l|iiM)ih|W[  'if  ptyli  iyjwlJili|jii(fc<fw<Wii'|w  y^fc'*-!' '  W0*l  iwy  fPy ^  oftiBiHrftal  ini 

af^^l^okiiiMfmm^lttm^      it.  AiUm'ilM  thtttheiit 

iMMms  bcjlnff  «Hitiff«  of  arubmctical  ^leiilttion,  i|re  not^  bk  difprovcd,  ex* 
coot ¥f  (IUkt9^mm>hm^ Ajipwa^ <o w4iidi tlUy>«re foofi^i^.  - 
j   -ft  lUi;!*  iiflkWiw  «iilule(f»  that  tlie  ftatciMnf  !•  htirtbened  by  the  HicIhUoii 
if  •&  t^liuyla.in  fne  Unileu«lat<%  and  of  cowfe,  of  many  mUwmairHifeh  an 

jiiotwir  for  ''"     '*^*'""   *    '-"'*' -  --.-..    --  ■ 

iinttehtbe 


]«,' and  win  not  btgiR  to  bjefettWd  fbr  imny  year*.    It  iatilercfiMia 
lerate,  If  confidend  with  ref^cft  i«  the  lands  now  in  market. 
4   1|«  lofcd  itt^eic  ^t  wkich^  Coagaei's  ifclla  the  lands,  t^  offer  for  fiile  at  two 
;il^llllapdram. 

f  Tte  aftonirainglylow  prices  of  laMds  in  Amarifa,  have  hitherto  been  occafioned 
1^  tbii'nint  M'^apital  to  invtift  in  them.  Only  a  few  Euro|^n  <ph|Htalifts  have 
lately vAdlerftood  the  fubjefl  i  ami  nobody  is  ifherant  of  the  imrocnie  advintaotfa 
they  have  derived  from  it.  The  great  iihcreiM  of  papital.itiAinericat  together 
with  the  inveftments  whi(2h  Euroneans  are  begifitiing  to  make  inlandtf  win  pro- 
iMtbly  raife  theiV  vaUit  r  above  the  rate  at  wnfch  it  has  |iifivafed  at  ai^  Ibrmer 
period.  ;     ..  ,^' 

St|$h  a  conclufion  rertihs,  not  oniraturaUy,  from  another  confideratiGii»  which\v 
this  t*-»The  price  of  any  commodiw  whatever,  may  beraifed  in  twowny8«w««itMi^ 
by  dimiaifiiiDK  the  quantity  for  iafe)  or  by  incrcAHnff  the  dcfnand.  But  .the.eX'^ 
^^nfion  of  fettKmcnts,  and  the  tncrMfe  of  wealth  and  popiiiotk)n>/:fierate  at  oncei^ 
in  both  thefe  ways,  upon  Amcricap  lands  {  n6t  only  a|mi(ii^ins;itbe  quahtjty  fiu^ 
fale,  but  increallng  the  meapsi  and  ihe  eligibility**!  making  ^wsr  purctmica  |in4 


F  >N  I  % 


»— of  IiLANDtinthePACiric  Ocmm  to  front  Timyiili^v^fftc^ 

^^-—  of  OkORCiA  WtiTf  RN  TiliRiTOi^y  «B  front  (?Mryi«  JT/^mi  V«rH!lliy ^ 


•cmrTT-   -.r.^fr  I,   "i  i  tf  n  ia  t,  t-  t'^ 


.HIHillUll 


fhc  Sixth  Editwn,  correAcd,  and  greatly  enlarged,  with  9  copious  Indes* 
iui<>ne  large  Volume  4to.    Price  zl.  zs.  in  Boardt^  with  the  M«pi| 
,    fQtvaxng  acomj^tjc  AUas,  bound  feparate,  of 

i  NEW  SYSTEM 

OF 

MODERN  GEOGRAPHY; 

Geographical,  Hiftorkal,  and  Commercial  Grammar , 

AND 
PRESENT   STATE   OF   TH&^V£RAL  KINGDOMS  OF   TTHE   WORLp. 

By  WILLIAM  GUTHRIE,  £SQ. 

T^he  Aftronomlcal  Part 

By  JAMES  FERGUSON,  F.R.$. 

Printed  for  C.  Dilly,  in  the  Poultry  ;  and  G.  G.  and  J.  Robinson,  Fa* 

ternofter-row. 

The  pr^fent  publication,  comprehending  hiftory  as  well  as  geography, 
fthe  variety  and  magnitude  of  fome.  recent  tranfa^ions,  have  rendered  nu- 
merous alterations  or  additions  requifite  in  the  hiftorical  part. 

To  make  room  for  thefc  important  infertions,  gieat  pains  have  heen 
employed  ip  abridging  diffuiivenefs,  and  lopping  off  redundancy  ;  yet  the 
new  materials  lately  brought  to  light  have  unavoidably  fwelled  this  edi- 
tion far  beyond  the  laft,  and  much  more  beyond  all  preceQing  editions. 

N.  B.  A  few  copies  are  printed  of  this  work  on  a  fupertine  wove-royal 
paper.    Price  al.  las.  6d.  in  boards. 

^  The  Maps,  comfjlreh^jidipg  a  complete  Atlas,  are  now  ipld  feparate. 
Price  158.  boujEid. 


\ 


V     / 

i 


■  ••r-,  '\ 


^_.„^ ii^..  ,,,     ',  ,.;v./ 

^  Vlfew  OF  THE  PRESENT  SITUATION 
Of  Tir« 

UmfBD  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

CONTAINIKO 


lif  #^(^ion,  Qorthmmt,  Agricaiturci  CMmneree, ']^tilra- 
~  t0rf .    A  cotetft  Account  oftlMi  Wttr,'  «ml  of  the  ttifit 


portwitififcntt  which   have  fuecrcdcJi    Biognphical  AnccdotM  of\ 
frnimnt  Men )  ti^itlra  pi|riitttltt  D^criMion  of 


fafturc«»>  thit 

tt  wh'ic 

pi|rlitttltt  DMcri|«iOfl 

KENTVCKY,  THE  WESTERN  TERRITORY,  VERMONT^ 

"      ,  AND  '' 

Of  their  Exltnt,  Ci? il  Divifiooi,  C)t<ef  Towni,  dnnatet,  Soilt/Tnde, 
Character,  Con^itutiooe»  Court!  of  Juftice,  ColUgee,  Aeadeaiiee*  Re- 
llj^p  Iflandii  Indijiot*  Lttanrj^  aM  Homaac  ScAietlei^  f  pnnS'*';  ^"- 
ftoutieti  Hiftorieey  5ec.  '  •    ■    ^^ 

TO  WNICil  IS  ADDBDf 

AN  ABHUkSMENT  OP  THE  OBddRAFHt 

■.■     OF  THE  '       ■    i.  .    r;    ..!  .• 

HRlTISIf,  SPANISBi  FRENCH,  AND  DUTCH  DOMINION? 

AMERICA  AND  TffE  H^EST  INDUSS  j 
*  ALSO  or 

B0EOf£,J^|IAVAKD  AVaiCA,  WITH  THS  NKIT  DiaeLaVXftlCff. 

fiyJEDlDIAH  MORSE.  AM. 

The  above  Work  is  new  publiihing  in  95  ShlU'ii^  ll^u'niberi. 

Alfo  the  Subftance  of  the  above,  in  one  very  lar|^,yoli<me,  Oetavo, 

EMcefis.  6(1.  in  Boards;  which  may  be  had  in  Six  Nomh^sy  at  One  8hil> 

Lilccwile^  ^  the  fame  Author,  for  the  Inftr^ctioiijOff  Tauth.  itf  one 
Vplttmct  laiAo.  with  Maps,  price  3t>  6d,  boundLta^  ' 

EOiMENTS  OF  GEOGRAPHY- 


mmmmiii'^iw  >  »■■ 


I  iiiwiimiiiii 


lAiiKiiiinn 


(  S  -Sr 


»*,W«(|J    ■ 


